HomeMy WebLinkAboutSDP 2018-0007; VALLEY VIEW; CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY; 2008-04-01V
Prepared for:
CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY FOR
THE CLIFF HANGER PROJECT
CARLSBAD, CALIFOR"ITA
Planning Systems
Prepared by:
Gallegos & Associates
April 2008
CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY FOR
THE CLIFF HANGER PROJF,CT
CARLSBAD, CALIFOR"<IA
Prepared for:
Planning Systems
1530 Faraday A venue. Suite I 00
Carlsbad. California 92008
Prepared by:
Gallegos & Associates
5671 Palmer Way. Suitl' A
Carlsbad. California 92010
I 760) 929-0055
PJ. 2-08
National Archaeological Data Base Information
Type of Study: Record Search. Literature Review. and Field Survey
Arca Covered: Approximately 7 acres
USGS 7.5' Quadrangle: San Luis Rey
Key Words: Negative sun·ey
Authon
Monica Guerrero. R PA
Projeel Archaeologist
Dennis R. Gallegos
Project Manager
Contributors
Karen E. Doose Editing: Report Production
:\JCk Doose --OIS Specialist: Field Crev..-
Brian Spelts -Fidd Crev,.,
April 2008
APPE!\DIX
A
8
l
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TABLE OF CONTENTS con't.
LIST OF APPENDICES
TITLE
Resumes of Key Personnel
Record Search Results
"\ative .-\.merican Correspondence
ii
PAGE
,\-]
B-1
C-l
TITLE:
AllTIIORS:
DATE:
SOURCE OF COPIES:
ABSTRACT:
EXEC[;TIVE SUMMARY
Cultural Re.sources Survey
for the Cliff Hanger Project
Carlsbad. California
Monica Guerrero and Dennis R. Gallegos
Gallegos & Associates
5671 Palmer Way, Suite A
Carlsbad. California 92010
April 2008
South Coastal lnfonnation Center
San Diego State University
4283 El Cajon Blvd. Suite 250
San Diego. California 92105
This study provides the results of a cultural resources record search. literature re\·iew. and
tidd survey for the 7-acre Cliff Hang.er Office Building projcct. This study was
conducted in compliance with City of Carlsbad and California Environmental Quality Act
(CEQA) guidelines.
The study included a record seoirch. literature review. and field surve)' of the 7-acre Cliff
Hanger project area. The literature review and field sur\'ey were negative identifying no
previously recorded or newly recorded cultural resources within the project area. Ground
visibility was poor \\ ithin the project area with vegetation consisting of coastal sage scrub
and non·native grasses. Disturbance within the projed area include.s previous grading
and fill for construction of Palmer Way. modem trash dumping, and jlligrant camp
m:tivities. Given the absence uf previously recorded cultural resources. high level of
disturbance. and the negative sun.·ey results, no additional cultural resources work is
recommended. As \·isibility was poor throughout the project area. monitoring of brush
clearing and initial grading: activities by a qualified an .. ·haeologist and a Native American
is recommended to ensure that buried cultural resources (i.e .. artifact deposits. burials.
hearths) are e\1.lluated in a timely and proper manner.
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iii
J .1 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
SECTION I
11\TRODliCTION
The Cliff Hanger cultural resources study was prepared b} (hillcgos & Associates. This
study was conducted in compliance with City of Carlsbad and California Environmental
Quality Act (CFQA) guidelines. The project area is located \vithin the City Df Carlsbad.
and is pr,,_,posed for development of an office building. The project area is bound on the
northwest and 110rtheast by undeveloped lanJ. on the Sl1uthwest h:, Palmer \Va). and on
the south and southeast by Impala Drive and a business park: and. is depicted on the San
Luis Rey 7S 1_·sGS topographic quadrangle (Figures 1-1 and 1-1). This study provides
the results of a cultural resources record search. literature review. and field survey for the
7-acre Cliff Hanger project area. Resumes of key personnel are included in Appendi:,; A:
Record search results in Appendix R: and. Native American Conespondem:e in Appendix
C. Confidential maps are not for public review and are bc,und separately in the
Confidential Appendix.
1.2 ENVIRONMF.NT AL SETTING
The project area is lm:ated approximately 3 miles east of Agua l lcdionda Lagoon. a m~jor
estuary along the Southern California coast. During the late Pleistocene and early
Holrn.:ene. rising sea level created lagoons from the mouths of major river systems. With
stabilization ot' St:a level. coastal lagoons slowly shrank and began to loose their estuarine
qualities. as they gradually filled with \\iatcrbome silts. Eventually the lagoons stabilized
in a pattern of partial closure during portions of the year as sand and cobble bars fanned
across their outlets to the Pacific Ocean. The subsequent lack of tidal flushing changed
the salinity !cvds and directly affected the type nf molluscan. as well as other plant and
animal species present \\ ithin the lagoon. This change also affected the subsistence
economy of precontact populations that relied on th~se resources. As a result of urban
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development. the majorit) of the nati, e vegetation has been replaced by inlroduced non-
natin? n·getation. Sediments consist primarily of sand \Vith limited loam.
1.3 BACKGROUND-l'RECONTa\CT
The body of cu1Tcnt research or Natin: American tPrecontact) occupation in San Diego
County recognizes the existence of at least two maj0r cultural traditions. discussed here
as Early Period/ Archaic and I .ate Period. based upon general economic trends and
material culture {Tahlc 1-1 ). \Vithin San Diego County. the Early Period/Archaic
includes the period from 10.000 to 1.100 years ago. while the Late Period is from 1.300
years ago to historic contact. The Post-Cnntan1Histciric Period covers tht· time from
Spanish contact to present. Terminolog)' u:-,cd for the past I 0.000-year hi~tnry of San
Diegu County includes a mixture of ideas of ordering cultural resource sites using tem1s
for peoples, collc-ctions of artifacts, and temporal time frames. The first ordering was by
Malcolm Rogers w!10 used the tenns: She!1-l\•1iddcn peopk. Scraper-Maker culture
(scraper-makers), and Yuman (Rogers 1929). Rogers Inter revised his chronology to use
the te1111s San Dieguito (Scraper-r-.·taker), La Jolla culture (Shell-Midden people) and
Yuman (R()gers 194~)-Claude Wam·n (1968) characterized the San Dieguito Tradition
as:
... a wide range of scraper types made on side-struck flakes and finished by
well-controlled percussion flaking. leaf-shaped knives or large points of
several varieties. leaf-shaped. lanceolate and slight[) shouldered points in
small number. Chipped stone crescents. often eccentric in form,
hammerstones and crudely tlakeJ tools are kw in number. Milling stones
and manos arc 1wticerible ahscnt.
'vVarren·s revision to Rogers' I.a Julia culture: was called Encinitas Tradition. ··a simple
gathering penple" wherein he identifies:
.. flaked stone ttwls arc characteristically .:rude. thL' great rnajmily being
percussion flaked and made from ll)Ca) macrocrysw.lline rock. A large
percentage of lhc tool as:s~mhlage is composed of crude chopping.
scraping and cutting tools and hammcrstones. Projectile points are rare.
crudely made and rather large. suggesting the use of darts, rather than bow
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an<l anow. Ground stone items include large numbers of manos and
milling stones usually shaped through use. and occasional items such as
doughnut stones. discs and cogstones ... Bone tools are rare but include
awls. antler flakers. beads ... Shdl items are also limited. but include heads.
rendams ... Basketry is represl.'ntcd ... l.oosely tlexed burials are found
throughout the area ... (Warren et al. l Q98 ).
Warren has more recently updated his chronology and for the San Dieguito Tradition
(Initial Occupation) has since included milling tools and a wider range of' tools and food
sources. In addition. \Varren 11()\\' dis,.:usses the potential of Transitional and inknnediate
stages of o.:cupation to co\·er the pa.;;t l 0.000 yr;>ars of" Natiw American occupatiun in San
Diego County (W,men et al. 1998). Early Man in San Diego County was discussed by
Cieorge Carter in the 1950s: however, little to no _-:vidence rit· Plcisiocene human
occupation supports this hypothesis (Carter 1957).
1.3.1 Early Period/Archaic
The Eady Period/Archaic includes the San Dieguito. I.a Jolla and Pauma complexes.
which are poorly defined. as are the interrelationships bet\\een contemporaneous inland.
desert. and coastal assemblages (Gallegos 1987). Initially belie,,ed to represent big game
humers. the San Dieguito people are better typified as a hunting and gathering society.
These peoph: had a relati'l-dy diverse and non-specialized economy wherein relatively
mobik bands accessed and used a wide range of plant. aninrnl. and lithic resl1urce:-..
l'\fovement of early groups from the California cksert may have been spurred by the
gradual dcsiu:ation or thl.' vast pluvial lake system that domina1ed inland basim and
valleys during the early to middle I folocene. J"his hypothesis is supported hy tht:
similarity between Great Basin assemblages and those of early I loloccnc Archai..:: sites in
San l)iegn County. Se\'era\ researchers recognized the regional similarity of artifacts and
grouped these contemporaneous comple:-.:es under the nomenclature of either the Western
Pluvial Lakes Tradition or the \}/estem Lithic Co-tradition /Bedwell I 970: Davis et al.
!969: Moratto 1984: Rogers 193Q: \Varren 1967).
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Early migrations into San Diego County rnay ha, e come fwm the north. Recent work on
the northern Channel islands near Santa Barbara dcmon~trates island occupation dating
bac~ to the tennina! Pkistocenl.'.. roughl) 11,600 years ago ( Erlandson et al. I 996:
Johnson ct al. 20001. At this early dak. a fully maritime-adapted population exploited
shelllish and used seaworthy boats to ply channel ,,.:aters. Fish were captured using bone
gor£CS hy 10.00(1 years ago (Rick et al. 2001 ). Such earl) dates are lacking for the
adjacent Santa Barbara mainland; presumably because the rise in sea level brought about
hv post-Pleistocene deglaciation would have inundated sites along the late
Pleistocene/early Holocene coastlines. At this time in San Diego County. the shoreline
was situated t\vo to si-.; km forthcr semvard than today"s coast (Masters and Gallegos
1997). Therefore. any t:vidence for early cnusta! adaptation coeval V..'ith that of the
northern Channel blands may have been destroyed within this t\VO to six km paleo-
shoreline area by sea encroachment thousands of years ago.
·1 he ongm of coastal populations in San Diego County and subsequent interaction
between these populations and Great Basinidescrl groups is a subject of some debate
(Gallegos 1987). \Vhether coastal or inland migration into San Diego County. the first
occupants immediately exploited coa'ital and inland n;soun:es of plants. animals.
shellfish. and fish (Gallegos 1991: Kaldcnberg 1982: Kyle et al. 1998; Moriarty 1967).
The development of a generalized economic system indicates that the initial occupation.
referred to here as San Dieguito, can he placed within the general Archaic pattern.
Archaic cullurcs occur within North America at slightly different times in different areas.
but :.:src general I~ correlated with local economic specialization growing out of the earlier
Palco-Indian Tradition {Willig el al. 1988). Archaic cultures are often represented by
more diverse artifact assemblages and more complex regional variation than Paleo-Indian
traditions. This cultural pattern is generally thought to haw resulted from the gradual
shift av\a} from a herd-hased hunting fon1s to a more diverse and area specitic economy.
The earliest sites are found near coastal lagoons and rin:'r \'alleys of San Diego County.
These sites are the 1-hmis site (CA-SDl-149). Agua llcdionda Lagoon sit.::s (CA-SDI-
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~10/UCLJ-M-15 and CA-SDI-10695). Rancho Park North (CA-SDJ-4392/SD\.-1-W-49).
and Remington Hills {CA-SDl-11069). dating from 9.500 to 8.000 ~'ears ago. The north
San Diego Count~ coastal lagoons suppo11ed large populations. cin.::a 6.000 years ago. as
shown by the numi.:rou~ radiocarbon-dated sites adjacent to these lagoons. After 3.UOO 10
roughly 1.500 years ago. there arc tCwer cultural resource sites in north San Diego
County. This reduction in number of cultural resource sites can be attributed to the
slowing of the rise in sea level and concomitant siltation or cuastal lagoons causing the
depletion of ~hellfish and other lagoon resources (Gallegos 1985: l'vliller 1966: V/arrcn
and Pavesic 1 %3 ). Cultural resource sites dated tn circa 2.000 )Cars ago are found in the
Camp Pendleton area (Byrd and Reddy 2002)_ wherein shellfish (/)(max gou/di;) were
collected from upen-shore sand) beach hahitat: and. bay species v..cre s1ill abundant in
San Diego Bay. and present but not as dominant in other lagoons. Batiquitos Lagoon. and
perhaps other lagoons, reopened circa 1.50(1 years ago and began producing shellfish
again. but not at the-quantity. size or variet} of shellfish documented for the i:arly to
middle Holocene (Gallegos 1985: Miller I 966 }.
Thi: L-1 folla and Pauma complexes, which arc relerrcd to ilS follo\\-ing the San Dieguito
Complex. may simply represent seasonal or geographic variations of the some\\ hat older
and more general San Dieguito Complex. Inland Early Period /Archaic occupation sites
have been reported in C()astal settings. trans\•erse valleys, sheltered canyons. lx·nch\!s and
knolls (True 1958: \Vam:n et aL 1961 ). In 11011h San Diego County. non-coastal sites
\Vere tenned '"Pauma Cornplt:x'' by True ( 1958. 1980). and v.:erc defined as containing a
predominance of grinding implements {rnanos and mctmcs)_ a general lack lif shellfish
remains. a greater tool variety. and expressing an emphasis on both gathering and hunting
(True 1958. 1980: Warren el al. 1961: \Vaugh 1986).
Early Period/ Archaic sites from l 0,000 to l.300 years ago within San Diego County
include a range uf sites 10 include coastal and inland valley habitation sites. inland
hunting and milling camps. and quarry sites usually in association y,:ith fine-grained
metavolcanic material. Material culture assemblages during this hmg period are
remarkably similar in many respeds. These deposib ma) well represent a process of
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relative terrestrial economic stahility and presumably slow cultural change. Although
various cultural trait::; d,;.•,·cloped or disappeared during the long span of I 0.000 to 1.300
years agll. there is u clear pattern of cultural continuity during this period.
1.3.2 Late Period
During the Late Peri()d (circa 1 JOO to historic contact_), a material culture pattern similar
to that of Histonc Period Native Americans first becomes apparent in the archaeological
record. The economic pattern <luring thi:-, pi:riod appe.:1rs tn he one of more intensive and
efficient exploitation of local resources. The prosperity of thcsi: highly retincd economic
patterns is \\·ell evidenced by the numerous Kwneyaay1Diegucfio and Luisetlo habitation
sites scattered throughout San Diego County. This increase in Late Period site Jensit~,
probably rdl.:cts both better preservation of thl' more recent archaeological record and a
gradual population increase within the region. Ar1ifacts and cultural attributes reflecting
this Late Period pattern include small pro_iectile points. pottery, the establishment of
pennanent or semi~permanent seasonal habitation sites. a proliferation of acorn
processing sites in the uplands. the presence of obsidian frum the Imperial Valley source
Obsidian Bulle. and intcm1ent by cremation.
Luiseii.n occupation in north San Diego County during the late Holocene has been Yie,vcd
as an occupatiun that rt·sulte<l from the migration of a population from the desert to the
coast ( Rogers 1966"!, a resettlement called ·•the Shoshoncan Wedge" (Krocber 19:'5 ).
Late Period cultural pmtems were shared with groups along the northern cmd eastern
periphery of San Diego County. incnrporating many elements of their neighhors· culture~
into Lheir own cultures. This 1ransference and melding nf cultural traits between
neighboring groups makes positive association of archaeological deposits \\ith particular
ethnographically known cultures difficult. This is particularly true of the groups within
San Diego County. Although significant dilkrcnccs exist between Lu1seii.o and
Kumeyaay/Dieguefio cultures (including linguistic stock). the king in1ernction of these
groups during the Late Period resulted in the exchange of man~ social patterns.
Archaeologists must rel) he,wily on ethnographic accounts of group boundaries as
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recorded during the Historic Period. altlwugh it is 1101 known ho"' !ong these boundaries
had been in place or the Yalidity of these boundaries as presently reported.
Krocher ( 1925) placed the Kumeyaay and Luisefto boundary between Agua Hedionda and
Batiquitos lagoons. According to Luomala ( I 978) the territory of the Ipai (northern
Kumeyaay) extended along the mast from the San I ,uis Rey River in the north to San
Diego Bay in the south with San Felipt~ Creek marking the east boundary The territory
()f!he Tipai (southern Kumcyaay_) e:x!ended south from San Diego Ray TO include parts of
'.\-1exico and the southern im•untains. Florence Shipek ( J 9Q3) identified the northern and
southern KumeyaayiDieguefio tribal boundary-as:
In 1769. Kumeyaay national territory starting at the coast about I 00 miles
south nf the l\foxican border (below Santo Tomas). thence north to the
coast at the drainage di\'idc south of the San Luis Rey RiYer including its
tributaries. Using the L.S. Geological Survey topographii.: maps. the
boundary with the Luisefio then follows that divide inland. The boundary
continues on the div·ide separating Val!ey Center from Escondido and then
up along Bear Ridge to the 2240 contour line and then north across the
diYide between Valley Center and \liioods Valley up to the 1880-foot peak.
tht.m curving arnund cast along the dh,ide above Woods Valley.
Further readings pertinent to the Luisello and Kumeyaay (Dieguefio) Native Americans
include: Almstedt (1974): Barrov.:s (1900): Bean (1972): Bean and Saubel (1972): Bean
and Shipek ( 1978): Burrus (1967); Cuero ( 1968): Drucker ( 1939): Dubois ( 1908): Gifford
( 1918 ); Harrington ( 1978 ); Hedges and Geres ford ( 1986 ): Heizer and Almquist ( 1971 );
Heizer and '),/hippie ( I 95 7): Hooper ( 19~0): Keneally { 1965 ); Kroebt:r (I 925 ); Langdon
( 1970): !\frrrill { \ 973 ): Pouradt: ( 1960): Priestley ( 193 7 ); Rudkin ( 1956 ): Shipek ( 1977.
l97R, 1980. 1986a. 1986h. 1987. 1988. 1989a. 198%, 1991. 199)): Sparkman (]908):
Spicer ( I 962): Spier (] 913 ): Strong ( 1929): Tibesar { I 955 ): Underhill (194 I): White
( 1963 ): \Volcon ( 1929 ); and \Vood\\ard ( 1934 ).
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t_.i HISTORICAL BACKGROlJNll
The histo~ of San Diego County is commonly presented in tem1s of Spanish. ~v1exican.
and American political domination. A <liscuss10n of historic land use and occupation
under periods of political rule h~· people of European and Mexican origin is justified on
the basis of characteristics associated \\.ith each period. when economic. political. and
social activities were influenced l.iy the pn:vailing laws and customs. Certain themes are
common to al! periods. such a<.. the development tif transportation. settlement. and
agriculture. Robinson ( 1969) provi<les a comprehensive acc0unt of public and privately
O\"ined land in California. with a discussion of laws. activilies, and events related to the
development of the State.
1.4.1 Spanish Period (1769-1821)
The Spanish Period represents exploratiun. the establishment of the San Diego Presidio
and missions at San Diego ( 1769) and San Luis Rey ( 1798). anJ asistencias (chapels) to
1hc San Diego Mi.ssi011 at Santa Ysabel ( 1818) and 10 the San Luis Rey Mission at Pala
{1816). Horses. cattle. agricultural foods and weed seeds. and a new architectural styk
and method of building construction were also introduced. Spanish influence continued
alter 1821 when ('alifomia became a p::irt nf Mexico. for a period of time under lvkxican
rnle. 1he missions continued to operate as in the past. and laws governing the distribution
vr land were .:1!so retained.
1.4.2 Ml.'xican Period (1821~1848)
The ~-kxirnn Period includes the initial rdention of Spanish laws and practices until
.shmtly befnri.: secularization of the missions in 1834, a decade after the end of Spanish
ruk. Although .ievcral grants of land '-Vere made prior !o 1834. vast tracts of land ,vere
dispersed 1hwugh land grants offerl'd after secularization. Cattle ranching prevailed OVl'r
agricultural acti\"itics. and the development of the hide and tallow trade increased during.
the early part of this peritid. The Pueblo of San Diego {present-day Old Town) was
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established and transportation routes \\ere expanded. The Mexican Period ended in 1848
as a result of the \1exiran-American War_
1.4.3 American Period (1848 to Present)
rhe American Period began when .Vkxirn ceded California to the United States under the
Treaty ofGuada!upe Hidalgo. Te-rms of the treaty brought about the creation of the Lands
Commission. in response lO the Homestead Act t1f J 851 that was adopted as a means of
validating and settling land mvnership claims throughout the S1ate. Few Mexican
ranchos remained intact because of legal costs and the difficulty of producing sufficient
cYidence to prn\'e title claims. Much of the land that once cons1i1uted rancho holdings
became m,ailahk for settlement by immigrants to California. The influx of people to
California and the San Diego region re-suited from several factors including the disi.:overy
of gold in the State. 1he conclusion of the Civil War_ the availahility of free land lhrough
passage of the Homestead Act. and later. the importance of San Diego County as an
agricultural area supported by roa<ls. irrigation systems. and i:onnecting railways. The
gJm\th and decline of town:--occurred in response to population fluxes and economic
boom and bust cycles.
1.5 PREVIOllS WORK
The record search and litcrnture re\·iew v..cre C0mp!eted at the South Coastal lnfom1ation
Center {SCIC). San Diego State l.lni\-ersity (SDSl l). San Diego. California. and at the
research library nt Gallegos & Associate!'.i. Record search results are pnwided in
Appendix B. ·1\venty•SC\'en studies (APC' 1979. 1980: Berryman and Cheever 2001;
Brown 2000: Dukc 2002: Fink 1973. 1974a. l974b. 1977: Gal!egos and Guerrero 2001:
Gallegos and Kyle I 997: Gross and Alter 1998: Guerrero and Ciallcgos 2003: Hanna
l 98 L He,:tor 1983a, 1983h: Highto\\Cr 1976: Quillen I 982; REC ON 1983: Robbins-
Wade 1997: Seeman 1981: Smith 1990: Smith and Gilbert 1007: Tang ~004: Vv'ade I 989,
I 999: Wade and Hector I 986) ha,·e been conduckJ, and nineteen cullural resource sites
and one i~olate a.re rel'.l)rdcd within a one•mik radius nf the project area. One stud:,
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(Seeman 19821 has heen conducted within the project area. ~o previous!~· recorded sites
are recorded \\..ithin the project area.
1.6 HISTORICAL MAI' REVIEW
Earl: maps ( 1769-1885 H1stl1ric Roads and Trails: 1872 Official Map of the \\'estem
Portitm of San Diego County. California: 1898 Oceanside 15· USUS quadrangle: 1901
San Luis Rey 30· USGS quadrangle: J()42 Oceanside 15· t:SGS quadrangle: and. 1948
San Luis Re~ 7.5· LSGS quadrangle) were reviewed f(.)f historic structurts. features. and
roads: hov,eH>r. no items of historical patrimony Here identified on the maps within the
Cliff Hanger project area.
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SECTION 2
METHODS, RESULTS, AND REC0'1MENDATIONS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
Tlw cuncnt study included a record search. literature n:view. and field surn:y llf tht= 7-
acr,; Cliff Hanger project area. Suryey methods. rc:c.ultc;. and recommendations are
provided bcknv.
2.2 SURVEY MF.THODS
The prnJcct area \\as sun'eyed on foul using 10-m intervals between sur\'cy transects.
Nick Doose and Brian Spdts c11mpleted the field surwy in \.farch 2008 for a total of 4
person-hours. "\fatiH~ American monitor Mindy Mojado representing the San Luis Rey
Hand 0f Luisefio Indians provided monitoring services for fieldv..·mk conducted.
2.3 SLRVE\' RESULTS
(i-round visibility was poor \\•ithin the steep slope areas with vegetation consisting of
coastal sage scrnh and non-native grasses. Ground visibility was also poor in the Jeye]
areas adjacent to Palmer Way with vegetation consisting mostly of mulch and some
coastal sage scrub. Disturbance within the project area indudes previous grading and fill
rnr rnnstruction of Palmer Way. n10dern trash dumping. and migrant camp activities.
Th.-: Jidd surn:y was negmivc idcnti(~ ing none,.,_ rnltural resourecs.
2.4 SLll\1\1ARY AND R£COMMENDATIO'lS
The study included a record search. literature revic'>v, and field survey of the 7-acre Cliff
Hanger project area. The litt:rature review and ticld sun:·cy were negati\"C identifying no
preYiously recordt:d and no new cultural resotm:es within the project area. Gi,·en the
absence of previously recorded cultural resources. high lewl of disturbance. and the
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negative surwy results. no additional cultural resource-s work is recommended. As
visibility \Vas poor throughout the project area. monitoring of brush clearing and initial
grading activities hy a qualilied archaeologist and a '.\lativc American is n~cornmendcd to
cnsurc that buried cultural resources (i.t: .. artifact deposits, burials. heanhs) arc evaluated
in a timely and proper manner.
I' J 2-08
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SECTI01' 3
RF:FERENCES CITED
Almstedt. Ruth F.
J 974 BihliographJ f?f the Dii:;Kue/lo Indians. 13allena Press. Ramona.
California.
An.:haco]ogical Planning Collaborative ( APC l
l 979 Archaeologil'.al Records Search and Reconnaissance Survey. Carlsbad,
California. On !i!c. South Coastal Infonnation Center. San Diego
State University. San Diego. California.
J 980 Archaeological Records Search and field Sut'\"ey. Palomar Airport
Effluent Pipelines. San Diego Coun1y. California. On file. South
Coastal Jnfonnation Center. San Diego State University. San Diego.
California.
Baffows. IJm·id Prcscoll
1900 F.//mohotany of" 1he Caliui!Ja Indiam 1f Sourhem Cai!fhmia: pp.
8.10.14. L1nivcrsity of Chicago Press. Chicago.
Bean. Lo\,\,el] l
1972 .\Iuka! 's People. Uni,·crsity of California Press. Berkeley and Los
Angeles. California.
Hean. Lowell J. and Katherine S. Saubel
1972 Temalpakh. Cahuil!a Indian Knowledge and Usage 1~( Plums. Malhi
Museum Press. Banning. California.
Bean. I.. Land F. C. Shipek
I 978 Luiseflo. In Jfandhook ol .,Von Ii Amer;cun Indians. Folume 8.·
Bedwell. S. 1·.
1970
Cul(/iJmiu. edited by R. F. Heizer. pp. 550-563. Smilhsonian
Im,titution. Washington. D.C.
Prehistory and Environment of the PluYial Fork Rock Lake Art'a of
South Central Oregon. Ph.D. dissertation. Department uf
Anthropology, Lni\-ersit) of Oregon, Eugene.
Berryman. Judy A. and Dayle \,1. Cheever
~001 Significance Evaluations of Cultural Resource Sites Located al the
Cantarini Pr0pcrty. On fili:. South Coastal lnfomiation Ccnkr. San
Diego State Lniversity, San Diego, California.
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Puhlirn1io11s in American Archaeology
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,\pril 2008
3.11
APPENDIX A
RESUMES OF KEY PERSONNEL
APPENDIX B
RECORD SEARCH RES UL TS
CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM
SITE FILES RECORD SEARCH
Company: Gallegos & Associates
Company Representative: Nick Doose
Date of Request: 4/4/2008
Date Processed: 4/7/2008
Project Identification: Cliffhanger
Search Radius: within designated boundaries
Historical Resources: DSL Date: 4/7/2008
Trinomial (CA-SD!) and Primary (P-37) site maps have been reviewed All sites within the
project boundaries and the specified radius of the project area have been plotted. Copies of the
site record forms have been included for all recorded sites.
Previous Archaeological Project Boundaries: DSL Date: 4/7/2008
Project boundary maps have been reviewed. National Archaeological Database (NADB)
citations for reports within the project boundaries and within the specified radius of the proiect
area have been included.
Historic Maps: DSL Date: 4/7/2008
The historic maps on file at the South Coastal Information Center have been reviewed, and
copies have been included.
Historic Addresses: DSL Date: 4/7/2008
A map and database of historic addresses {formerly Geofinder) has been included.
HOURS: 2 COPIES: 129 RUSH: No
Thi$ i!i not an invoice. Please pay from the monthly billing !ifatement
APPENDIX C
NATIVE AMERICAN CORRESPONDENCE
:GiA LL [GOS '----I ~--·-
& 1\ssorimc.1
Larry Myers
Natin: .American Heritage Commission
915 Capitol Ytall, Room 36➔
Sacramento. CA 95814
Dear i\fr. Myers.
5671 Palmer Wah ~uite A
Carlsbad, (.'allfornia, 92010
Phone: (760) 929-0055
Fu: (760) 9~'Ml056
gall~o~@aol,com
April 2. 2008
Gallegos & Associates is in the process of preparing a record search update, literarnre
re\·iew. and field su,,:e: for the Clifthanger project The project area is located in
Carlsbad. north San Dkgo County ( Figun:s I and 2 ).
The update will identif)·: previously recorded sites; sites nominated to the.: ~ational
Register of Historic Places {NRHP) and potential ~ational Register Properties;
Traditional Cultural Properties; and will provide recommendations to protect any
identified significant cultural resources \\'ithin the ClifThanger project area.
v..:e n:spectfu!ly n:quest any infi.mnation and/or input that you may ha\'e regarding Native
American concerns either directly or indirectly associated with this project. \Ve are alsli
interested in knowing if there are individuals in the area who should be contacted prior to
completion of this study.
V,/e appreciate your assistance in this matter. If you have any questions or require an)
further information, please do not hesitate to call.
Best regards.
I )ennis ti-allegos
Project Manager
Enclosure:;
IG-·1 i JIIALLEGOS L ______ -~-------
& As.\oClates
Bennae Calac
Pauma Valley Band of Luisciio Indians
P.O. Box 369
Pauma Valley. CA 92061
Dear :\1s. Cabe.
5671 Palmer Wa~, Suitt,·"'
Carlsbld. Califorma, now
(760) 929.-0055
gallcgo~@aoJ.com
April 9. ~008
Gallegos & Associates is in the prnccs~ of preparing a record search update, literature
n.:.'vkv,·, and licld survey for the Cliff Hanger project. The pro_iect area is located in
Carlsbad, San Diego County (Figure!'; 1 and 2).
The update '"ill idcntif): previously recorded sites: sites nominated Lo the ;•<ational
Register of Historic Places (".\lRHP) and po1en1ial >!ational Register Properties;
Traditional Cultural Properties: and will provide recommendations to protect any
identified significant cultural resources within the Cliff Hanger project area.
\Ve respectfully request any information and/or input that you may have regarding Native
American concerns either directlJ or indirectly associated \vith this project. V•/e are also
interested in knowing if there are individuals in the area \Vho should be conracted pnor to
completion of this study.
We appreciate your assistance in this matter. If you have any questions or require any
further infonnatiLm, please do not hesitate I(, call
Bt!st regards.
Dennis Galkgos
Project ~1anagcr
l.,nclosurc:-;
•
I lenry Contreras
San Luis Rey Band of Luise!lo Indians
1763 Chapulin Lane
Fallbrook. CA 92028
Dear Mr. Contreras.
5671 Palmer Way, Sui1c A
Carlsbad, Cahforma. 92010
(760) 929-0055
g:allcgos(a]acl.com
April 9. 2008
Uallegos & Associate:-is in the process of preparing ::i record -;earch udpate. literature
review. and field sun ey for the Cliff Hanger proJect. The project area is located in
Carlshad, San Diego County (Figures I and]).
!"he update will identify· previously recorded sites; sites nominated to the J\:ationa!
Register of Historic Places lNRHP) and potential National Register Properties:
!'raditional Cultural Propcrtie~; and will provide recommendations to protect any
identified significant cultural resources within 1he Cliff Hanger project area.
We rcspcctfolly request any information andior input that you may have regarding Native
..-'\mcrican concerns either directly or indire..:tly assol.'.iatcd with this project. V,/e arc also
interested in knowing if there arc individuals in the area who should be contacted prior to
completion of this study.
V./e appreciate your assistance in this matter. If you ha,·c any questions or require any
further information. please do not hesitate to call.
Res1 regards,
Dennis (iallegos
Project Managt:r
Enclosures
Shasla Gaughen
Cupa Cultural Cenkr
35008 Pala-Temecula Road. PMB Box 445
Pala, C :\ 92059
Dear \,ts. Gaughen.
Stl71 Palm~r Way. Suite,\
Carlsbad, c .. lifornia, 92010
Phone: (760) 929-0055
Fa1: (760) 919--0(156
gal~os.'~Qfllcorn
April 9. 2008
Oallegos & Associates is in the process of preparing a record search update, literature
review, and field stirvey for the Cliff Hanger pr~ject. The projec1 arec1 is located in
Carlsbad, San Diego Count) !Figures 1 and 2).
The update \vill identify: previous!) recorded sites; sites nominated to the >.;ational
Register of Historic Places ('.\JRHP) and potential ~ational Register Properties:
Traditional Cul1ural Properties; and will pro\·ide recommendations to protect any
identified significant cultural resources within the Cliff Hanger project area.
W-:. respectflllly request an)· infonnation and/or input that you may, have regarding Native
American concerns either directly or indirectly associated with this projecl. V•./e are also
interestl!d in knowing if there are indi,·iduals in the area who should be contact..::d prior to
completion of this study.
\Ve appreciate your assistance Ill this matter. If you have any lJ.Uestions or require any
further information, please dl) not hesitate to call.
Best regards.
Dennis Gallegos
Project Manager
Enclosures
,-----LQlAL LE(; <:S
J Assoc iate.1
Cannen Mojado
San Luis Rey Band ofLuisefio Indians
l 889 Sunset Drive
Vista. CA 9]081
Dear J\--1s. Mojado.
St.71 Palmer W1y, Suit~ .\
Carhbad, California, 920IO
Phone:(760)9!9--0055
Fu: (760) 929..0056
gallegos@aoLtom
April 9, 1008
Gallegos & Asso;;:iates 1s in the process of preparing a record search update, literature
review, and field sur,·ey for the Cliff Hanger pro.1ect. The project area is ll,cated in
Carlsbad. San Diego County (figures l and 2).
The update will identify: previously recorded sites: sites nominated to the National
Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and potential National Register Properties:
Traditional Cultural Properties; and will provide recommendations to protect any
identified significant cultural resources within the Cliff Hanger project area.
We respectfully request any infonnatinn andlor input that you may have regarding Native
American concerns either directly or indirectly associated with this project. We are also
interested m knO\ving if there are individuals in the area who should be conta1..·k.•d prior to
completion of this study,
We appn:ciatc your assistance in this matter. If you ha,-c any qucs1ions or require any
further infonnation, please do not he:-;itatc to call.
Rest regards.
Dennis Gal!cgos
Project Manager
Enclosures
l\tark \fojadu
San Luis Rey Band of Luiscfi.o Indians
1889 Sunset Drive
Vista. CA 92081
Dear Mr. MC".iado.
5671 Palmer Wa)·, Su,tt ~
Carlsbad. California, 112010
Phone: (760) 929-005~
Fu: (760)929-0056
galLei:os(g.aol.com
April 9. 2008
Gallegos & Assm:1ates is in the process of preparing a record search update, literalllre
revie\v. and field survey for the Cliff Hanger project. The project area is located in
Carlsbad. San Diego County tFigurcs land 2).
fhe update will identify: previously recorded sites; sites nominated 10 the National
Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and pmential National Register Properties:
Traditiomil Cultural Properties: and will provide recommendations to protect any
identified significant cultural n.'source-; within the Cliff Hanger project area.
We respectfully request an) infonnation and/or input that you may have regarding Native
American concerns either directly or indirectly associated with this project V/e are also
interested in knowing iflhere are individuals in the art:a who should be contacted prior to
complctinn of this study.
We appreciate your a~sis1ance in this matter. It' you ha\'e any questions m require i.111)
further information. please do not hesitate to call.
Best regards.
Dennis Galkgos
Project .\fanager
1:::nclosures
'
i_G,\A LL E(iOS
·---_j -
& As,onate.1
Russell Romo
San Luis Rey Band ofLuiseJ1o Indians
12064 Old Pomerado Road
Pov.ay, CA 92064
Dear Mr. Ronrn.
~bi I Pal min W:.,l, Suite A
Carlsbad, California, 92010
Phone: (7(10) 929-00S!i
Fa~: (7b0) 9~9--0~
jl,allegos:,r·aol.corn
April 9. 2008
Cia\lcgr,s & Associates is in the process of preparing a record search update. literature
re\ icw, and field survey for the Cliff Hang.er project. The project area is located in
Carlsbad. San Diego County (Figur0s land 2).
The update will identify: pH!\'iously re-curded sites: sites nominated to the '.'Jationa\
Register of I listoric Places (NRHP) and p(Jtential National Register Properties:
Traditional Cultural Properties: and will provide recommendations to protect any
identified significant cultural resources within the Cliff Hanger project area.
We respectfully request any information and/or input that you may have regarding Native
American concerns either directly or indirectly as::ociated with this project. Vv'e are also
interested in k.110,ving if there are individuals in the area who should be contacted prior to
compl..::tion of this study.
We appri.:cialt: )OUr assistance in tins matter. If ~ou hav'-' any question,; or rt:quin.: any
further information. please do not hesitate to call.
Best regarJs.
Dennis Gallegos
Project Manager
Fnclosures