The URL can be used to link to this page

Home My WebLink AboutCT 2024-0001; TYLER STREET HOMES - SB 330; AIR QUALITY/GREENHOUSE GAS STUDY; 2024-06-013215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study 3215-3225 TYLER STREET RESIDENTIAL PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA AIR QUALITY and GREENHOUSE GAS STUDY Table of Contents Page PROJECT DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 SETTING ................................................................................................................................................. 4 Air Pollution Regulation ......................................................................................................... .4 California Air Resources Board .............................................................................................. 5 San Diego Air Polution Control District ................................................................................ 6 Air Quality Management Plans .............................................................................................. 6 SDAPCD Rules and Regulations ............................................................................................ 8 Regional Climate and Local Air Quality ............................................................................... 9 Pollutants ................................................................................................................................... 10 Sensitive Receptors ................................................................................................................... 13 Monitored Air Quality ............................................................................................................. 13 AIR QUALITY IMPACT ANALYSIS .................................................................................................. 13 Methodology and Significance Thresholds ........................................................................... 13 Construction Emissions ............................................................................................................ 18 Operational Impacts ................................................................................................................. 19 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION DISCUSSION ............................................................................... 24 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ANALYSIS ....................................................................................... 35 Methodology .............................................................................................................................. 36 REFERENCES ......................................................................................................................................... 53 List of Figures Figure 1 Vicinity Map ............................................................................................................. 3 Figure 2 Site Plan ..................................................................................................................... 4 List of Tables Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5 Table 6 Current Federal and State Ambient Air Quality Standards .............................. 5 San Diego County Attainment Status ................................................................. 11 Ambient Air Quality Data .................................................................................... 14 SD APCD Air Emission Significance Thresholds ............................................... 16 Estimated Maximum Daily Construction Emissions With Dust Control Measures .................................................................................................................. 19 Estimated Operational Emissions ........................................................................ 21 City of Carlsbad 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Table 7 Table 8 Table 9 Estimated Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions ........................................ 37 Estimated Annual Energy-Related Greenhouse Gas En1issions ................................................................................................................. 38 Estimated Annual Solid Waste and Water Use Greenhouse Gas Emissions.38 Table 10 Estimated Annual Mobile Emissions of Greenhouse Gases ............................ 39 Table 11 Combined Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions ................................................. 39 Table 12 2017 Scoping Plan Consistency Analysis ........................................................... .41 Table 13 San Diego Forward: The Regional Plan Consistency Analysis ...................... .48 Appendices Appendix A CalEEMod Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Model Results - Summer/ Annual Emissions City of Carlsbad ii 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study 3215-3225 TYLER STREET RESIDENTIAL PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA AIR QUALITY and GREENHOUSE GAS STUDY This report is an analysis of the potential air quality and greenhouse gas impacts associated with the 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project, a multifamily development proposed for construction in the City of Carlsbad. The report has been prepared by Birdseye Planning Group, LLC, under contract to the applicant to support the environmental review process and address comments provided by the City of Carlsbad after review of the initial project entitlement submittal. This study analyzes the potential for temporary impacts associated with construction activity and long-term impacts associated with operation of the proposed project. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project site is 0.53 acres in size and located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street which is generally southwest of the intersection with Pine Avenue (APN 204-010-09). The project would remove two existing single-family residences, vegetation and various outbuildings and construct 12 new three-story units within four triplex buildings. The w1its would range between 2,176 and 2,302 square feet. Each unit would have an attached two-car garage and private open space. A total of six EV ready parking spaces will be provided and all garages wilJ be EV wired. The site is designated Village in the Carlsbad General Plan and zoned Village-Barrio. The site is within the Pine-Tyler Mixed Use area as defined in the 2019 Village and Barrio Master Plan. Construction is anticipated to begin in early 2025 and be completed in late 2025. Figure 1 provides a vicinity map; Figure 2 shows a project site plan. The following measures are intended to demonstrate compliance with statewide regulations; and thus, have been incorporated into the the air emissions modeling • The project will provide recycling bins in the trash enclosure areas; • The project will install drought-tolerant vegetation and water-efficient irrigation systems; • The project will install low-water use appliances and fixtures; • The project will install Energy Star, or equivalent, dishwashers, clothes washers, refrigerators, and fans; • The project will be compliant with San Diego Air Pollution Control District (SDAPCD) Rule 67.0.1 (d) which requires the use of low Volitile Organic Compound (VOC) paint (no greater than 50 grams/Liter) for use on buildng interior and exterior surface and 100 grams/Liter for traffic marking coatings; and • The project will install bicycle parking facilities. City of Carlsbad 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Dust Control Methods The project would implement various construction dust control strategies as design features to be compliant with SDAPCD Rule 55. Compliance with these dust control measures are listed as follows and would be identified on grading plan approvals: • During clearing, grading, earth-moving, excavation, or transportation of cut or fill materials, water trucks or sprinkler systems shall be used to prevent dust from leaving the site and to create a crust after each day's activities cease; • During construction, water trucks or sprinkler systems shall be used to keep alJ areas of vehicle movement damp enough to prevent dust from leaving the site. At a minimum, this would include wetting down such areas later in the morning, after work is completed for the day, and whenever winds exceed 15 mph during active operations. Watering of active disturbance areas, including active grading areas and unpaved roads, would occur approximately every 2 hours of active operations, approximately three times per work day (at a minimum): • All grading and excavation operations shall be halted when wind speeds exceed 25 miles per hour; • Dirt and debris spilled onto paved surfaces at the project site and on the adjacent roadways shall be swept, vacuumed, and/or washed at the end of each workday; and All trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil, or other loose material to and from the construction site shall be covered and/or a minimum 2 feet of freeboard shall be maintained. REGULATORY SETTING Air PoJlution Regulation Air pollutants are regulated at the national, State, and air basin level; each agency has a different degree of control. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) regulates at the national level; the California Air Resources Control Board (CARB) regulates at the State level; and the SDAPCD regulates air quali ty in San Diego County. The federal and state governments have been empowered by the federal and state Clean Air Acts to regulate the emission of airborne pollutants and have established ambient ai r quality standards for the protection of public heaJth. The VSEPA is the federal agency designated to administer national air quality regulations, while CARB is the state equivalent in the Califo rnia Environmental Protection Agency. Local control over air quality management is provided by CARB through multi-county and county-level Air Pollution Control Districts (APCDs) (also referred to as Air Quality Management Districts). CARB establishes statewide air quality standards and is responsible for the control of mobile emission sources, while the local APCDs are responsible for enforcing standards and regulating stationary sources. CARB has City of Carlsbad 4 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study established 15 air basins statewide. The City of Carlsbad is located in the San Diego Air Basin (SDAB), which is under the jurisdiction of the SDAPCD. California Air Resources Board CARB, whjch became part ofthe Califorrua EPA (CalEPA) in 1991, is responsible for ensuring implementation of the California Clean Air Act (CCAA), meeting state requirements of the federal Clean Air Act and establishing California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQSs). It is also responsible for setting emission standards for vehicles sold in California and for other emission sources such as conswner products and certain off-road equipment. CARB also established passenger vehicle fuel specifications and oversees the functions of local air pollution control districts and air quality management rustricts, wruch in turn administer air quality activities at the regional and cotmty level. TI,e CCAA is administered by CARB at the state level and by the Air Quality Management Districts at the regional level. Both state and federal standards are summarized in Table 1. The federal "primary" standards have been established to protect the public health. The federal "secondary" standards are intended to protect the nation's welfare and account for air pollutant effects on soil, water, visibility, materials, vegetation, and other aspects of the general welfare. Table 1 Ambient Air Quality Standards Pollutant Ayerage Time California Standards National Standards Ozone 1 hour 0.09 ppm -- (03) 8 hours 0.070 ppm 0.070 ppm Carbon Monoxide 8 hours 9.0 ppm 9 ppm (CO) 1 hour 20ppm 35ppm Nitrogen Dioxide Annual Average 0.030 ppm 0.053 ppm (NO2) 1 hour 0.18 ppm 100 ppb Sulfur Dioxide Annual Average --0.03 ppm (SO2) 24 hours 0.04 ppm 0.14 ppm 1 hour 0.25 ppm 75 ppb Respirable Particulate Matter 24 hours 50 mg/m3 150 mg/m3 (PM10) Annual Arithmetic Mean 20 mg/m3 -- Fine Particulate Matter Annual Arithmetic Mean 12 mg/m3 12 mg/m3 (PM2 s) 24 hours --35 mg/m3 Sulfates 24 hours 25 mg/m3 -- Lead 30-day Average 1.5 mg/m3 -- Calendar Quarter --1.5 mg/m3 3-month Rolling Average --0.15 mg/m3 Hydrogen Sulfide 1 hour 0.03 ppm -- City of Carlsbad 5 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Pollutant Average Time Vinyl Chloride Notes: ppm = parts per million ppb -parts per billion mg/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter mg/m3 = milligrams per cubic meter 24 hours Source: California Air Resources Board 2016 San Diego Air Pollution Control District California Standards National Standards 0.010 ppm - The SDAPCD was created to protect the public from the harmful effects of air pollution, achieve and maintain air quality standards, foster communjty involvement and develop and implement cost-effective programs that meet state and federal mandates while considering environmental and economic impacts. Specificall y, the SDAPCD is responsible for monitoring air quality and planning, implementing, and enforcing programs designed to attain and maintain state and federal ambient air quality standards in the district. Programs developed incl ude air quality rules and regulations that reguJate stationary source emissions, including area sources, point sources, and certain mobile source emissions. The SDAPCD is also responsible for establishing permitting requirements for stationary sources and ensuring that new, modified or relocated stationary sources do not create net emissions increases; and thus, are consistent with the region's air quality goals. The SDAPCD provides significance thresholds in Regulation Il, Rule 20.2, Table 20-2-1. "AQIA Trigger Levels." These trigger levels were established for stationary sources of air pollution and are commonJy used for environmental evaluations. The SDAPCD enforces air quality rules and regulations through a variety of means, including inspections, educational or training programs, or fines, when necessary. The project site is within the SDAB; and thus, is su bject to SDA PCD rules and regulations. State Implementation Plan/Air Quality Management Plan/Regional Air Quality Strategy The federal Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) mandate that states submit and implement a State Implementation Plan (SIP) for areas not meeting air quality standards. SIPs are comprehensive plans that describe how an area will attain national and state ambient air quaJity standards. SIPs are a compilation of new and previously submitted plans, programs (i.e., monitoring, modeling and permitting programs), district rules, state regulations and federa l controls and include pollution control measures that demonstrate how the standards will be met through those measures. State law makes CARB the lead agency for all purposes related to the SIP. Local air districts and other agencies prepare SIP elements and submit them to CARB for review and approval. CARB forwards SJP revisions to the USEPA for approval and publication in the Federal Regjster. City of Carlsbad 6 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Thus, the Regional Air Quality Strategy (RAQS) and Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) prepared by SDAPCD and referenced herein become part of the SIP as the material relates to efforts ongoing in San Diego County to achieve the national and state ambient air quality standards. The most recent SIP element for San Diego County was submitted in December 2016. The document identifies control measures and associated emission reductions necessary to demonstrate attainment of the 2008 Federal 8-hour ozone stru.1dard by July 20, 2018. The San Diego RAQS was developed pursuant to California Clean Air Act (CCAA) requirements. The RAQS was initially adopted in 1991 and was updated in 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004, 2009 and 2016. The 2022 RAQS update is under development. Until it is adopted, the 2016 is applicable and can be found at the following: https:ljwww.sdapcd.org/content/dam/sdapcd/documents/grants/p1anning/2016%20RAOS%20(1 1J2gi The RAQS identifies feasible emission control measures to provide progress in San Diego County toward attaining the State ozone standard. The pollutants addressed in the RAQS are volatile organic compounds (VOC) (also referred to as Reactive Organic Gases (ROG)) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), precursors to the photochemical formation of ozone (the primary component of smog). The RAQS was initially adopted by the SDAPCD on June 30, 1992, and amended on March 2, 1993, in response to ARB comments. At present, no attainment plan for particulate matter less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) or particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2$} is required by the state regulations; however, SDAPCD has adopted measures to reduce particulate matter in the SDAB. These measures range from regulation against open burning to incentive programs that introduce cleaner technology. These measures can be found in a report titled "Measures to Reduce Particulate Matter in San Diego County, December 2005: h ttps:ljwww.sdapcd.org/content/dam/sdapcd/documents/grants/planning/PM- Measures.pdf The RAQS relies on information from CARB and SANDAG, including mobile and area source emissions, as well as information regarding projected growth in the County, to estimate future emissions and then determine strategies necessary for the reduction of emissions through regulatory controls. CARB mobile source emission projections and SAND AG growth projections are based on population and vehicle trends as well as land use plans developed by the cities and the County as part of the development of the individual General Plans. As such, projects that propose development consistent with the growth anticipated by the general plans would be consistent with the RAQS. ln the event that a project would propose development which is less dense than anticipated within the General Plan, the project would likewise be consistent with the RAQS. lf a project proposes development that is greater than that anticipated in the General Plan and SANDAG's growth projections, the project might conflict with the RAQS and SIP; and thus, have a potentially significant impact on air quality. Under state law, the SDAPCD is required to prepare an AQMP for pollutants for which the SDAB is designated non-attainment. Each iteration of the SDAPCD's AQMP is an update of the previous plan and has a 20-year horizon. Currently the SDAPCD has implemented the 2020 City of Carlsbad 7 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Plan for Attaining the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Ozone in San Diego County (October 2020) and a 2004 Carbon Monoxide Plan. TI1e 2020 ozone plan was submitted to CARB on October 20, 2020. It was adopted and submitted to the USEPA for review on December 28, 2020. Comments from the USEPA are pending. This plans is available for download on the ARB website located at the following URL: https://www .sdapcd.org/content/dam/sda pcd/documents/grants/planning/Att%20A %20(Attain ment%20Plan) ws.pdf SDAPCD Rules and Regulations As stated above, SDAPCD is responsible for planning, implementing, and enforcing federal .:ind state ambient standards in the SDAB. The foHowing rules and regulations apply to all sources in the jurisdiction of SDAPCD, and would apply to the project. SDAPCD Regulation IV: Prohibitions; Rule 50: Visible Emissions. Prohibits discharge into the atmosphere from any single source of emissions whatsoever any air contaminant for a period or periods aggregating more than 3 minutes in any period of 60 consecutive minutes that is darker in shade than that designated as Number 1 on the Ringelmann Chart, as published by the United States Bureau of Mines, or of such opacity as to obscure an observer's view to a degree greater than does smoke of a shade designated as Number 1 on the Ringelmann Chart (SDAPCD 1997). SDAPCD Regulation IV: Prohibitions; Rule 51: Nuisance. Prohibits the disd1arge, from any source, of such quantities of air contaminants or other materials that cause or have a tendency to cause injury, detriment, nuisance, annoyance to people and/or the public, or damage to any business or property (SDAPCD 1976). SDAPCD Regulation IV: Prohibitions; Rule 55: Fugitive Dust. Regulates fugitive dust emissions from any commercial construction or demolition activity capable of generating fugitive dust emissions, including active operations, open storage piles, and inactive disturbed areas, as well as track-out and carry-out onto paved roads beyond a project site (SDAPCD 2009b). SDAPCD Regulation IV: Prohibitions; Rule 67.0.1: Architectural Coatings. Requires manufacturers, distributors, and end users of architectural and industrial maintenance coatings to .reduce VOC emissions from the use of these coatings, primarily by placing limits on the VOC content of various coating categories (SDAPCD 2015). SDAPCD Regulation XII: Toxic Air Contaminates; Rule 1200: Toxic Air Contaminants -New Source Review. Requires new or modified stationary source units with the potential to emit Toxic Air Contaminants (TACs) above rule threshold levels to either demonstrate that they will not increase the maximum incremental cancer risk above 1 in 1 million at every receptor location, or demonstrate that toxics best available control technology (T-BACT) will be employed if maximum incremental cancer risk is equal to or less than 10 in 1 million, or City of Carlsbad 8 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study demonstrate compliance with SDAPCD's protocol for those sources with an increase in maxjmum incremental cancer risk at any receptor location of greater than 10 in 1 million but less than 100 in 1 million (SDAPCD 2017b). SDAPCD Regulation XII: Toxic Air Contaminates; Rule 1210: Toxic Air Contaminant Public Health Risks -Public Notification and Risk Reduction. Requires each stationary source that is required to prepare a public risk assessment to provide written public notice of risks at or above the following levels: maximum incremental cancer risks equal to or greater than 10 in 1 million, or cancer burden equal to or greater than 1.0, or total acute noncancer health hazard index equal to or greater than 1.0, or total chroruc non-cancer health hazard index equal to or greater than 1.0 (SDAPCD 2017c). Regional Climate and Local Air Quality The weather of San Diego County is influenced by the Pacific Ocean and its semi-permanent high-pressure systems that result in dry, warm summers and mild, occasionally wet winters. The average minimum temperature for January ranges from the mid-40s to the high-50s degrees Fahrenheit (4 to 15 degrees Celsius) across the county. July maximum temperatures average in the mid-80s to the high-90s degrees Fahrenheit (high-20s to the rugh-30s degrees Celsius). Most of the county's precipitation falls from November to April, with infrequent (approximately 10 percent) precipitation during the summer. The average seasonal precipitation along the coast is approximately 10 inches (254 millimeters); the amount increases with elevations as moist air is lifted over the mountains. The interaction of ocean, land, and the Pacific High-Pressure Zone maintains clear skies for much of the year and drives the prevailing winds. Local terrain is often the dominant factor inland and winds in inland mountainous areas tend to blow upwards in the valleys during the day and down the hills and valleys at night. Jn conjunction with the onshore/offshore wind patterns, there are two types of temperature inversions (reversals of the normaJ decrease of temperature with height), which occur within the region that affect atmospheric dispersive capability and that act to degrade local air quality. In the summer, an inversion at about 1,100 to 2,500 feet (335 to 765 meters) is formed over the entire coastal plain when the warm air mass over land is undercut by a shallow layer of cool marine air flowing onshore. The prevailing sunny days in this region further exacerbate the smog problem by inducing additional adverse photochemical reactions. During the winter, a nightly shallow inversion layer (usually at about 800 feet or 243 meters) forms between the cooled air at the ground and the warmer air above, which can trap vehicular pollutants. The days of highest Carbon Monoxide (CO) concentrations occur during the winter months. The predominant onshore/offshore wind pattern is sometimes interrupted by so-called Santa Ana conditions, when high pressure over the Nevada-Utah region overcomes the prevailing westerly wind direction. Thls draws strong, steady, hot, and d ry winds from the east over the mountains and out to sea. Strong Santa Ana winds tend to blow pollutants out over the ocean, producing clear days. However, at the onset or breakdown of these conditions or if the Santa City of Carlsbad 9 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Ana is weak, prevailing northwesterly winds are reestabUshed which send polluted air from the Los Angeles basin ashore in the SDAB. "Smog transport from the South Coast Air Basin (the metropolitan areas of Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, and Riverside counties) is a key factor on more than half the days San Diego exceeds clean air standards" (San Diego Air Pollution Control District, 2010). Pollutants The SDAPCD is required to monitor air pollutant levels to ensure that air quality standards are met and, if they are not met, to develop strategies to meet the standards. Depending on whether the standards are met or exceeded, the local air basin is classified as being in "attainment" or "non-attajrunent." San Diego County is listed as a federal non-attainment area for ozone (eight hour) and a state non-attainment area for ozone (one hour and eight-hour standards), PM10 and PM2.s. As shown in Table 2, the SDAB is in attainment for the state and federal standards for nitrogen d ioxide, carbon monoxjde, sulfur dioxide and lead. Characteristics of ozone, carbon monoxide, rutrogen dioxjde, and suspended particulates are described below. Ozone. Ozone is produced by a photochemkal reaction (triggered by sunlight) between nitrogen oxjdes (NOx) ROG1. Nitrogen oxides are formed during the combustion of fuels, while reactive organic compounds are formed during combustion and evaporation of organic solvents. Because ozone requires sunlight to form, it mostly occurs in concentrations considered serious between the months of April and October. Ozone is a pungent, colorless, toxic gas with direct health effects on humans including respiratory and eye irritation and possible changes in lung functions. Groups most sensitive to ozone include children, the elderly, people with respiratory disorders, and people who exercise strenuously outdoors. Carbon Monoxide. Carbon monoxide (CO) is a local pollutant that is found in high concentrations only near the source. The major source of carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas, is automobile exhaust. Elevated CO concentrations; therefore, are usuaJly only found near areas of high traffic volumes operating in congested conditions. Carbon monoxide health effects are related to blood hemoglobin. At high concentrations, carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood, causing heart difficulties in people with chronic diseases, reduced lung capacity and impaired mental abilities. Nitrogen Dioxide. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a by-product of fuel combustion, with the primary source being motor vehicles and industrial boilers and furnaces. The principal form of nitrogen oxide produced by combustion is nitric oxide (NO), but NO reacts rapidly to form NO2, creating the mixture of NO and NO2 commonly called NOx. Nitrogen dioxide is an acute irritant. A 1 Organic compound precursors of ozone are routinely described by a number of variations of three terms: hydrocarbons (HG), organic gases (OG), and organic compounds (OC). These terms are often modified by adjectives such as total, reactive, or volatile, and result in a rather confusing array of acronyms: HC, THC (total hydrocarbons), RHC (reactive hydrocarbons), TOG (total organic gases), ROG (reactive organic gases), TOC (total organic compounds), ROC (reactive organic compounds), and VOC (volatile organic compounds). While most of these differ in some significant way from a chemical perspective, from an air quality perspective two groups are important: non-photochemically reactive in the lower atmosphere, or photochemically reactive in the lower atmosphere (HC, RHC, ROG, ROC, and VOC). City of Carlsbad 10 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study relationship between N02 and chronic pulmonary fibrosis may exist and an increase in bronchitis in young children at concentrations below 0.3 parts per million (ppm) may occur. Nitrogen dioxide absorbs blue light and causes a reddish-brown cast to the atmosphere and reduced visibility. It can also contribute to the formation of PM10 and acid rain. Table 2 San Diego County Attainment Status Criteria Pollutant Federal Designation State Designation Ozone (one hour) Attainment' Non-Attainment Ozone (eight hour) Moderate Non-Attainment Non-Attainment Carbon Monoxide Attainment Attainment PM10 Unclassifiable•• Non-Attainment PM2.s Attainment Non-Attainment Nitrogen Dioxide Attainment Attainment Sulfur Dioxide Attainment Attainment Lead Attainment Attainment Sulfates No Federal Standard Attainment Hydrogen Sulfide No Federal Standard Unclassified Visibility No Federal Standard Unclassified • The federal 1-hour standard of 12 ppm was in effect from 1979 through June 1. 2005. The revoked standard is referenced here because it was used for such a long period and because this benchmark is addressed in State Implementation Plans (SIPs). -At the time of designation, if the available data does not support a designation of attainment or non-attainment, the area is designated as unclassifiable. Source: San Diego Air Pollution Control District. June 2016. http:llwww.sandiegocounty.gov/contentlsdc/apcd/enlair-qua/ity- planninglattainment-status.html Suspended Particulates. PM10 is particulate matter measuring no more than 10 microns in diameter, while PMi.s is fine particulate matter measuring no more than 2.5 microns in diameter. Suspended particulates are mostly dust particles, nitrates and sulfates. Both PM10 and PMi.s are by-products of fuel combustion and wind erosion of soil and unpaved roads and are directly emitted into the atmosphere through these processes. Suspended particulates are also created in the atmosphere through chemical reactions. The characteristics, sources, and potential health effects associated with the small particulates (those between 2.5 and 10 microns in diameter) and fine particulates (PM2.s) can be very different. The small particulates generally come from windblown dust and dust kicked up from mobile sources. The fine particulates are generally associated with combustion processes as well as being formed in the atmosphere as a secondary pollutant through chemical reactions. Fine particulate matter is more likely to penetrate deeply into the lungs and poses a health threat to all groups, but particularly to the elderly, children, and those with respiratory problems. More than half of the small and fine particulate matter that is inhaled into the lungs remains there. These materials can damage health by interfering with the body's mechanisms for clearing the respiratory tract or by acting as carriers of an absorbed toxic substance. Lead. Lead in the atmosphere occurs as particulate matter. Sources of lead include leaded gasoline; the manufacturing of batteries, pnints, ink, ceramics, and ammunition; and secondary City of Carlsbad 11 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study lead smelters. Prior to 1978, mobile emissions were the primary source of atmospheric lead. Between 1978 and 1987, the phaseout of leaded gasoline reduced the overall inventory of airborne lead by nearly 95%. With the phaseout of leaded gasoline, secondary lead smelters, battery recycling, and manufacturing facilities are becoming lead-emissions sources of greater concern. Prolonged exposure to atmospheric lead poses a serious threat to human health. Health effects associated with exposure to lead include gastrointestinal disturbances, anemia, kidney disease, and, in severe cases, neuromuscular and neurological dysfunction. Of particular concern are low-level lead exposures during infancy an.d childhood. Such exposures are associated with decrements in neurobehavioral performance, including .intelligence quotient performance, psychomotor performance, reaction time, and growth. Children are highly susceptible to the effects of lead. Sulfates. Sulfates are the fully oxidized form of sulfur, which typically occur in combination with metals or hydrogen ions. Sulfates are produced from reactions of S02 in the atmosphere. Sulfates can result in respiratory impairment, as well as reduced visibilHy. Vinyl Chloride. Vinyl chloride is a colorless gas with a mild, sweet odor, which has been detected near landfills, sewage plants, and hazardous waste sites, due to the microbial breakdown of chlorinated solvents. Short-term exposure to high levels of vinyl chloride in air can cause nervous system effects, such as dizziness, drowsiness, and headaches. Long-term exposure through inhalation can cause liver damage, including liver cancer. Hydrogen Sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is a colorless and flammable gas that has a characteristic odor of rotten eggs. Sources of hydrogen sulfide include geothermal power plants, petroleum refineries, sewers, and sewage treatment plants. Exposure to hydrogen sulfide can result in nuisance odors, as well as headaches and breathing difficulties at higher concentrations. Visibility-Reducing Particles. Visibility-reducing particles are any particles in the air that obstruct the range of visibility. Effects of reduced visibility can include obscuring the viewshed of natural scenery, reducing airport safety, and discouraging tourism. Sources of visibility- reducing particles are the same as for PM2.5 described above. Toxic Air Contaminants/Diesel Particulate Matter. Hazardous air pollutants, also known as T ACs or air toxics, are those pollutants that are known or suspected to cause cancer or other serious health effects, such as reproductive effects or birth defects, or adverse environmental effects. Examples of toxic air pollutants include: 1. benzene, which is found in gasoline; 2. perchloroethylene, which is emitted from some dry-cleaning facilities; and 3. methylene chloride, which is used as a solvent. Transportation related emissions are focused on particulate matter constituents within diesel exhaust and TAC constituents that comprise a portion of total organic gas (TOG) emissions from both diesel and gasoline fueled vehicles. Diesel engine emissions are comprised of exhaust City of Carlsbad 12 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study particulate matter and TOGs which are collectively defined as Diesel Particulate Matter (DPM). OPM and TOG emissions from both djesel and gasoline fueled vehicles is typically composed of carbon particles and carcinogenic substances including polycyclic aromatic (i.e., odorous) hydrocarbons, benzene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, and 1,3-butadiene. Diesel exhaust also contains gaseous pollutants, including volatile organic compounds and NOx. Sensitive Receptors Land uses considered to be sensitive receptors include residential, school, childcare centers, acute care hospitals, and long-term health care facilities. Sensitive receptors are determjned based upon special factors which may include the age of the users or occupants, the frequency and duration of the use or occupancy, continued exposure to hazardous substances as defined by federal and state regulations, and the user's ability to evacuate a specific site in the event of a hazardous incident. Ambient air quality standards have been established to represent the levels of air quality considered sufficient, with an adequate margin of safety, to protect public health and welfare. They are designed to protect that segment of the public most susceptible to respiratory distress, such as children; the elderly; persons engaged in strenuous work or exercise and people with cardiovascular and chronic respiratory diseases. Recreational uses can be considered moderately sensitive to air pollution. Exercise can place a high demand on respiratory functions, which can be impaired by air pollution even though exposure periods during exercise are generally short. Residential uses are considered most sensitive to air pollution while lndustrial and commercial areas are considered the least sensitive to air pollution. Exposure periods are relatively short and intermittent, as the majority of the workers tend to stay indoors most of the time. The closest receivers are single-and multifamjly residences located on the east side of Tyler Street across from the site. Monitored Air Quality The SDAPCD monitors air quality conditions at locations throughout the SDAB. For this analysis, data from the Camp Pendleton monitoring station north of the site were used to characterize existing ozone and PM2.sconditions in the vicinity of the project site. A summary of PM10 data recorded at the 533 First Street El Cajon monitoring station is presented in Table 3. AIR QUALITY IMPACT ANALYSIS Methodology and Significance Thresholds Air quality modeling was performed in general accordance with the methodologies outlined in the SDAPCD 2016 RAQS to identify both construction and operational emissions associated with each phase and the cumulative total of all project phases at build out. All emissions were calculated using the California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod) software version 2022.l which incorporates current air emission data, planning methods and protocol approved by CARB. City or Carlsbad 13 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Table 3 Measured Air Quality Data Ambient :~ li_ti.\easured Conifgt;~· '! by Air '4i ~ ,. Q1,1afity Yea: ~\I ExceedanceS° by Year ~Ag t $tendard f*' .;,¼ ~ Averaging Time4 Un{t ~ -2020 2021, 2022 Ozone (Oa) -Camp Pendleton . Maximum 1-hour State concentration ppm 0.09 0.094 0.074 0.076 Maximum 8-hour State 0.070 0.074 0.059 0.067 concentration ppm Federal 0.070 0.074 0.059 0.067 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) -Camp Pendleton Maximum 1-hour State 0.18 53 59 50 concentration ppm Federal 0.100 53 59 50 Coarse Particulate Matter (PM10)"-El Cajon -Lexington Elementary School, 533 First Street State 50 -- Maximum 24-hour µg/m3 concentration Federal 150 - Annual concentration µg/m3 State 20 ---- Fine Partic¼Jlate Matter (PMz.s)3 -El Cajon -Lexington Elementary School, 533 First Street Maximum 24-hour µg/m3 Federal 35 concentration State 12.0 Annual concentration µg/m3 Federal 12.0 1 -Federal 03 standard reduced from 75 ppm to 70 ppm m October 2015 *Insufficient data to determine number of exceedances 38.2 30.2 11.6 10.4 10.3 9.7 - - - 26.4 - 9.4 2.020 2021 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 -- - - ---- 2 0 0 0 0 0 Ozone and Nitrogen Oxide data from the Camp Pendleton Monitoring Station. PM10 and PM2.5 data from 533 First Street in El Cajon. Source: California Air Resources Board, 2020, 2021 and 2022 Air Quality Data Summaries available at: http:Jlwww.arb.ca.gov/adamltopfourltopfourdisp/ay.php Accessed June 20. 2024. Construction activities would include removal of the existing residences and out buildings, site clearing and grading to install the buildng foundation and utility connections; construction of the building and related improvements as well as painting the interior and exterior building surfaces and minor pavement work for the entrance/exit. Construction activities would require the use of equipment that would generate criteria air pollutant emissions. For modeling purposes, it was assumed that all construction equipment used would be diesel-powered. Construction emissions associated with development of the proposed project were quantified by estimating the types of equipment, including the number of individual pieces of equipment, City of Carlsbad 14 2022 0 0 0 0 0 - - -- 0 - 0 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study that would be used on-site during each of the construction phases as well as off-site haul trips to remove demolition debris. Construction emissions are analyzed using the regional thresholds established by the SDAPCD and published under Rule 20-2. No soil import/export would be required. Operational emissions include mobile source emissions, energy emissions, and area source emissions. Mobile source emissions are generated by motor vehicle trips associated with operation of the project. Emissions attributed to energy use include electricity and natural gas consumption for space and water heating. Area source emissions are generated by landscape maintenance equipment, consumer products and architectural coatings (i.e., paints). To determine whether a regional air quality impact would occur, the increase in emissions are compared with the SDAPCD recommended regional thresholds for operational emissions. Regional Thresholds. Based on Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines (2022), a project would have a significant air quality impact if it would: a. Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan; b. Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is in non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air qualitlJ standard; c. Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations; d. Result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people. Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines (14 CCR 15000 et seq.) indicates that, where available, the significance criteria established by the applicable air quality management district or pollution control district may be relied upon to determine whether the project would have a significant impact on air quality. As part of its air quality permitting process, SDAPCD has established thresholds in Rule 20.2 requiring the preparation of Air Quality Impact Assessments for permitted stationary sources. SDAPCD establishes quantitative emission thresholds for stationary sources. Although these trigger levels do not generally apply to mobile sources or general land development projects, for comparative purposes these levels may be used to evaluate the increased emissions that would be emitted into the SDAB from proposed land development projects. Project-related air quality impacts estimated i11 this environmental analysis would be considered significant if any of the applicable significance thresholds presented below in Table 4 are exceeded. The thresholds listed in Table 4 are screening-level thresholds used to evaluate whether proposed-project-related emissions could cause a significant impact to air quality. Emissions below the screening-level thresholds would not cause a significant impact. The emissions-based thresholds for ozone precursors (ROG and NOx) are intended to serve as the threshold for ozone. This approach is used because ozone is not emitted directly; thus, ozone concentrations City of Carlsbad 15 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Table 4 SDAPCD Air Emission Significance Thresholds Construction Emissions Pollutant Total Emissions (pounds per dav) Reactive Oraanic Gas (ROG) 75 Nitroaen Oxides (NOx) 250 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 550 Sulfur Oxides (SOx) 250 Resoirable Particulate Matter (PM10) 100 Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 55 Operational Emissions Total Emissions Pounds per Hour Pounds per Day Tons per Year Reactive Oraanic Gas (ROG) --75 13.7 Nitroaen Oxides (NOx) 25 250 40 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 100 550 100 Sulfur Oxides (SOx) 25 250 40 Resoirable Particulate Matter (PM10) -100 15 Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) -55 10 Lead and Lead Compounds -3.2 0.6 associated with individual projects precursor (ROG and NOx) emissions cannot be determined through air quality models or other quantitative methods. For nonattainment pollutants, if emissions exceed the thresholds shown in Table 4, the project has the potential to result in a cumulatively considerable net increase in these pollutan ts; and thus, could have a significant impact on the ambient air quality. With respect to odors, SDAPCD Rule 51 (Public Nuisance) prohibits emission of any material that causes nuisance to a considerable number of persons or endangers the comfort, health, or safety of any person. A project that involves a use that would produce objectionable odors would be deemed to have a significant odor impact .if it would affect a considerable number of off-site receptors. a. Would the project conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? As stated, under state law, the SDAPCD is required to prepare an AQMP for pollutants fo r wh.ich the SDAB is designated non-attainment. Each iteration of the SDAPCD's AQMP is an update of the previous plan and has a 20-year horizon. A project may be deemed inconsistent with the AQMP if it would generate population, housing, or employment growth exceeding forecasts used in the development of the AQMP. Currently the SDAPCD has implemented the 2020 Plan for Attaining the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Ozone in San Diego County (October 2020) and a 2004 Carbon Monoxide Plan. The AQMP incorporates local city General Plans and the San Diego Association of Governments socioeconomic forecast projections of regional population, housing and employment growth. City of Carlsbad 16 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study The proposed project involves the construction of 12 three-story units with.in four triplex buildings. The site is 0.53 acres in size with General Plan designation of Village and zoning designation of Village Barrio (VB). The site is within the Pine-Tyler Mixed Use area as defined in the 2019 Village Barrio Master Plan. The Pine-Tyler Mixed-Use District is a distinct area of transition between the more compact Village Center District and established multi-and single- family neighborhoods in the Barrio. The district contains residential, commercial, and office uses. On the west side of Tyler Street, these uses mix with light industrial uses. The industrial nature and mix of exjsting bwJdings provides opportunity for redevelopment of uses including incubator and/or start-up businesses and live/work units. According to the 2021-2029 Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) 6th cycle, the City of Carlsbad will need to accommodate a total of 3,873 units at varying income levels (City of Carlsbad, April 2022). Of the total, 1,778 units are allocated to the moderate and above moderate-income categories. The project would provide five ttnits or less than one percent of Carlsbad's housing allocation within the 2021-2029 RHNA. The San Diego APCD and San Diego Association of Governments are responsible for developing and implementing the clean air plans for attainment and maintenance of the ambient air quality standards in the basin-specifically, the SIP and RAQS. The federal 03 maintenance plan, whlch is part of the SIP, was adopted in 2012. The most recent 03 attainment plan was adopted in 2020. The SIP includes a demonstration that current strategies and tactics will maintain acceptable air quality in the basin based on the NAAQS. The RAQS was initially adopted in 1991 and is updated on a triennial basis (most recently in 2016). The RAQS outlines SDAPCD's plans and control measures designed to attain the state air quality standards for 03. The SIP and RAQS rely on information from CARB and SAND AG, including mobile and area source emissions as well as information regarding projected growth in the County and the cities in the County, to project future emissions and determine the strategies necessary for the reduction of emissions through regulatory controls. CARB mobile source emission projections and SAND AG growth projections are based on population, vehicle trends and land use plans developed by the County and the cities in the County as part of the General Plan development process. If a project proposes development that is greater than that anticipated in the local plan and SANDA G's growth projections, the project might be in conflict with the SIP and RAQS and may contribute to a potentially significant cumulative impact on air quality. As stated, the Pine-Tyler Mixed Use area is intended to support multifamily and other uses. Thus, the project is consistent with City's General Plan the land use designation/zoning; and therefore, has been factored into SANDAG's growth projections. Furthermore, the estimated increase in population, employment and housing generated by the project was compared to SANDAG's Regional Plan population, employee population, and housing estimates including the years 2025 and 2035. The number of housing units in the City was projected to be 49,299 in 2025 and 51,552 in 2035, or an increase in 2,253 housing units over the IO-year period. City or Carlsbad 17 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Furthermore, the City's population was projected to be 118,068 residents in 2025 and 118,719 residents in 2035, or increase of 651 residents over the period as shown in the SAND AG Series 14 Regional Forecast and Baseline Subregional Allocation. The average househotd size is 2.82 people per dwelling unit. The project would construct 12 dwelling units, which would have the potential to house approximately 34 residents. Both the units and population are within the growth projections. Because the project is consistent with the General Plan; and thus, SANDA G's growth projections, project emissions would not conflict with the SIP and RAQS. The project would not conflict with or obstruct implementation of the AQMP. Impacts would be less than significant. b. Would tlie project result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria po1lutant for wlticli the project region is in non-attainment under a11 applicable federal or state ambient air qualihJ standard? Construction Emissions Project construction would generate temporary air pollutant emissions. These impacts are associated with fugitive dust (PM,o and PM2.s) and exhaust emissions from heavy construction vehicles, work crew vehicle trips in addition to ROG that would be released during the drying phase upon application of paint and other architectural coatings. Construction would generally consist of demolition (i.e., removal of the temporary buildings), site preparation (clearing/grubbing), excavation/grading, construction of the proposed buildings, architectural coating (i.e., paint) application and paving. Emissions from the construction phase of the project were estimated using CalEEMod 2022.l. Construction scenario assumptions, including phasing, equipment mix, and vehicle trips, were based on information provided by the project applicant and CalEEMod default values when project specifics were not known. For purposes of estimating project emissions, it is assumed that construction of the project would occur five days per week and commence in January 2025 and would be completed in late 2025. The schedule is an estimate calculated by CalEEMod 2022.1. The duration of phases are approximated: • Demolition: 2 weeks • Site Prepartion: 1 week • Grading: 1 week • Building Construction: 20 weeks • Paving: 1 week • Architectural Coating: 7 weeks Construction-worker and vendor trips estimates by construction phase were based on CalEEMod default data. Mass grading would include the entire project site. Approximately 10 City of Carlsbad 18 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study total trips would be required to remove demolition material. No fill import is anticipated during the site preparation or grading phases. CalEEMod default trip length values were used for the distances for all construction-related trips. Defaults for the construction equipment mix and vehicle trips used for estimating the project-generated constmction emissions were used and are provided in Appendix A. As discussed, the project would implement dust control strategies as a project design feature. To reflect implementation of proposed dust control strategies, the following was used in CalEEMod: • Water exposed area two times per day (55% reduction in PMlO and PM2.5); and • Limit equipoment idling to 5 minutes. Daily construction emissions are shown in Table 5. Table 5 Estimated Maximum Daily Construction Emissions with Dust Control Measures Construction Maximum Emissions (lbslday) Phase ROG NOx co SOX PM10 PM2.s 2025 Maximum 2.5 6.0 lbs/day 8.5 < 0.01 0.34 0.24 SDAPCD Regional 75 250 Thresholds 550 250 100 55 Threshold No No Exceeded 2022 No No No No As shown in Table 5, construction of the proposed project would not exceed the SDAPCD daily thresholds. With SDAPCD Rule 55 compliance, federal, state and local construction emission thresholds would be met. Construction emissions would not result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is in non- attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard. impacts will be less than significant. Operational Impacts Emissions from the operational phase of the project were estimated using Ca.lEEMod version 2022.l. Operational year 2025 was assumed consistent with completion of project construction. Area Sources. CalEEMod was used to estimate operational emissions from area sources, including emissions from consumer product use, architectural coatings, and landscape maintenance equipment. Emissions associated with space heating and water heating are calculated in the building energy use module of CaJEEMod. City of Carlsbad 19 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Consumer products are chemically formulated products used by household and institutional consumers, including detergents; cleaning compow1ds; polishes; floor finishes; cosmetics; personal care products; home, lawn, and garden products; disinfectants; sanitizers; aerosol paints; and automotive specialty products. Other paint products, furniture coatings, or architectural coatings are not considered consumer products. Consumer product VOC emissions are estimated in CalEEMod based on the floor area of buildings and on the default factor of pounds of VOC per building square foot per day. The CalEEMod default values for consumer products were used. VOC off-gassing emissions result from evaporation of solvents contained in surface coatings sucl1 as paints and primers used during building maintenance. CalEEMod calculates the VOC evaporative emissions from application of surface coatings based on the VOC emission factor, the building square footage, the assumed fraction of surface area, and the reapplication rate. VOC emissions were estimated based on compliance with SDAPCD Rule 67.0.1 which lin1its the VOC concentrations of various coatings sold and used in San Diego County. RuJe 67.0.1, Table 1, lists numeous types of coatings and the allowable VOC concentrations in grams/litre (g/L).The three general coating categories are 50 grams per liter (g/L) VOC for flat coatings, 100 g/L VOC for non-flat coatings and 150 g/L VOC for non-flat high gloss coatings. Consistent with typical construction practices, it is anticipated that interior and exterior paint would not exceed non-flat coating limits, exterior paint would not exceed non-flat coating limits and a small portion of exterior paint and finishes (trim and other minor finishes) would not exceed non-flat high-gloss coatings limits. The interior and exterior coatings were estimated to have 50 g/L VOC while the traffic marking coatings were estimated to be limited to 100 g/L VOC. The default values in CalEEMod 2022.1 rely on compliance with SDAPCD Rule 67.0.1 referenced above. Energy Sources. Energy sources include emissions associated with building electricity and natural gas use. Electricity use would contribute indirectly to criteria air pollutant emissions; however, the emissions from electricity use are only quantified for GHGs in CalEEMod, since criteria pollutant emissions occur at the site of the power plant, whicl1 is typically off site. The project will install Energy Star, or equivalent, dishwashers, clothes washers, refrigerators, and fans; bicycle parking facilities and electric vehjcle charging stations to decrease overall energy demand. Mobile Sources. CalEEMod default data, including trip characteristics, trip lengths, variable start information and emissions factors were used for the model inputs. Project-related traffic includes the mixture of vehicles consistent with CalEEMod default vehicle fleet assumptions. Emission factors for 2025 (the first fulJ year of project operation) were used to estimate emissions associated with full build out of the project. Trip data used are 7.3 daily trips per multifamily unit. Based on proximity to transit, these data likely provide a conservative estimate of daily trips. City of Carlsbad 20 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Table 6 Estimated Operational Emissions Estimated Emissions (lbs/day) ROG NOx co SOx Prooosed Proiect Maximum lbs/day -2025 0.77 0.35 3.8 0.01 SDAPCD Thresholds 75 250 550 250 Threshold Exceeded? No No No No Maximum lbs/hour --0.014 0.15 0.0004 SDACPD Thresholds -- Threshold Exceeded? No No No No Maximum tons/year 0.14 0.06 0.69 0.002 SDAPCD Thresholds 13.7 40 100 40 Threshold Exceeded? No No No No PM10 0.63 100 No -- -- No 0.11 15 No See Appendix for Ca/EEMod version. 2022.1 computer model output -summer emIss1ons shown PM2.5 0.12 55 No -- - No 0.02 10 No Table 6 summarizes area, energy and mobile source emissions associated with operation of the proposed project. As shown in Table 6, daily emissions would not exceed the SDAPCD thresholds for ROG, NOx, CO, SOx, PM10 or PMis. Therefore, the project's air quality emissions(including impacts related to criteria pollutants, sensitive receptors and violations of air quality standards) would not result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is in non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard. Impacts will be less than significant. c. Would the project expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant co11centratio11s? Construction-Related Toxic Air Contaminant Impacts Certain construction projects can create the potential for toxic air contaminant emissions related to diesel particulate emissions associated with heavy equipment operatfons during construction. According to South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) methodology, health effects from carcinogenic air toxics are usually described in terms of "individual cancer risk''. A cancer risk greater than 10 cases per 1,000,000 people exposed would be considered a significant impact. The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) health risk guidance states that a residential receptor should be evaluated based on a 30-year exposure period. "Individual Cancer Risk" is the likelihood that a person exposed to concentrations of toxic air contaminants over a 70-year lifetime will contract cancer, based on the use of standard risk-assessment methodology. The estimated construction schedule duration would be approximately 12 months; however, only a portion of the overall City of Carlsbad 21 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study construction work would require the use of diesel-powered equipment. The proposed project would not result in a Jong-term (i.e., 30 or 70 year) exposure to a substantial source of toxic air contamjnant emissions; and thus, neighboring residents would not be exposed to the related individual cancer risk. Further, existing and planned land use within the project area is focused on residential and supporting commercial uses. Thus, existing and future residents would not be exposed to neighboring development that generates TACs. Therefore, the project would not expose sensitive receptors to substantial concentrations of TA Cs. Impacts would be less than signficant. Carbon Monoxide Hotspots As discussed, carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas that may be found in high concentrations near areas of high traffic volumes. CO emissions are a function of vehicle idling time, meteorological conditions, and traffic flow. The SDAB is in attainment of state and federal CO standards; thus, CO data is no longer collected and not all monitoring stations have CO data available. The East Valley monitoring station in Escondido is the closest monitoring station to the site that collected CO data. The maximum 8-hour average CO level recorded in 2015, was 2.0 parts per million (ppm). Concentrations at that time were below the 9-ppm state and federal 8-hour standard. Numerous factors are related to the formation of CO hotspots. The potential for CO hotspots in the SDAB is steadily decreasing because of the continued improvement in vehicular emissions at a rate faster than the rate of vehicle growth and/or congestion and the already very low ambient CO concentrations. Furthermore, CO transport is extremely limited and disperses rapidly with distance from the source. Under certain extreme meteorological conditions, however, CO concentrations near a congested roadway or intersection may reach unhealthy levels. Typically, high CO concentrations are associated with roadways or intersections operating under congested conditions. Projects contributing to adverse traffic conditions may contribute to the formation of CO hotspots. Because the City of Carlsbad does not have CO hotspot guidance, the guidance recommended by the County of San Diego was applied to evaluate the potential for CO hotspots to occur as a result of the project. As indicated in the County of San Diego Guidelines for Determining Significance and Report Format and Content Requirements Air Quality (County of San Diego 2007), a site-specific CO hotspot analysis should be performed if a proposed devel.opment would cause road intersections to operate at or below a LOS E with intersection peak-hour trips exceeding 3,000. The proposed project screened out of preparation of a traffic study per the Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Analysis Guidelines (May 2023); thus, it is not expected to advsersly impact traffic volumes or traffic operation proximal to the site or otherwise result in CO hot spots that could expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations. Impacts would be less than significant. City of Carlsbad 22 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Indoor Air Quality CARB has stated that the control measures it has approved for reducing indoor emissions associated with the use of composite wood products, including formaldehyde, provides a level of control that protects health and safety. The first emission standards (Phase 1) went into effect in 2009 and more stringent Phase 2 standards are now in effect for all composite wood panels and finished goods sold in California. CARB regulations include provisions for no-added formaldehyde and ultra-low emitting formaldehyde-based resins, to encourage the use of these lower-emitting resins in composite wood products. Further, the project would be constructed using the most current ventilation requirements found in the Title 24 standards, including the requirement that new developments use MERV 13 or higher air filters and include mandatory compliance with the stringent CARB Phase 2 emission standards. TI1us, the use of composite wood project will have no adverse impact on indoor air qualjty. d. Would the project result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people? TI1e State of California Health and Safety Code, Division 26, Part 4, Chapter 3, Section 41700, SDAPCD Rule 51, and City of Carlsbad Municipal Code Section 6.16.010, commonly referred to as public nuisance law, prohibits emissions from any source whatsoever in such quantities of air contaminants or other material tl1at cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to the public healtl1 or damage to property. Projects required to obtain permits from SDAPCD are evaluated by SDAPCD staff for potential odor nuisance, and conditions may be applied (or control equipment required) where necessary to prevent occurrence of public nuisance. SDAPCD Rule 51 also prohibits emission of any material that causes nuisance to a considerable number of persons or endangers the comfort, health, or safety of any person. A project that involves a use that would produce objectionable odors would be deemed to have a significant odor impact if it would affect a considerable number of off-site receptors. Odor issues are subjective by tl1e nature of odors themselves and due to the fact that their measurements are difficult to quantify. As a result, this guideline is qualitative and will focus on tl1e existing and potential surrounding uses and location of sensitive receptors. The occurrence and severity of potential odor impacts depends on numerous factors. The nature, frequency, and intensity of the source; the wind speeds and direction; and the sensitivity of receiving location each contribute to the intensity of the impact. Although offensive odors seldom cause physical harm, they can be annoying and cause distress among the public and generate citizen complaints. Odors would be potentially generated from vehicles and equipment exhaust emissions during construction of the project. Potential odors produced during construction would be attributable to exhaust emissions, architectural coatings, and asphalt pavement application. Such odors would disperse rapidly from the project site and generally occur at magnitudes that would not affect substantial numbers of people. Therefore, project construction activities would not result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people. Impacts would be less tl1an significant. City of Carlsbad 23 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Land uses that typically are associated with odor complaints indude agricultural uses, wastewater treatment plants, food processing plants, chemical plants, industrial activities, composting, refineries, landfills, dairies, and fiberglass molding facilities. The project would constmct and operate 12 new multifamily units and related infrastmcture improvements. As the project would not include land uses that typically result in emissions (such as those leading to odors) that adversely affect a substantial number of people, impacts would be less than significant. GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION DISCUSSION Gases that absorb and re-emit infrared radiation in the atmosphere are called greenhouse gases (GHGs). GHGs are present in the atmosphere naturally, are released by natural sources, or are formed from secondary reactions taking place in the atmosphere. The gases that are widely seen as the principal contributors to human-induced climate change include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxides (N:D), fluorinated gases such as hyd rofluorocarbons (HFCs) and perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Water vapor is excluded from the list of GHGs because it is short-lived in the atmosphere and its atmospheric concentrations are largely determined by natural processes, such as oceanic evaporation. GHGs are emitted by both natural processes and human activities. Of these gases, CO2 and CH4 are emitted in the greatest quantities from human activities. Emissions of CO2 are largely by-products of fossil fuel combustion, whereas CH4 results from off-gassing associated with agricultural practices and landfills. Man-made GHGs, many of which have greater heat-absorption potential than CO2, include fluorinated gases and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) (California Environmental Protection Agency [CalEPA], 2006). Different types of GHGs have varying global warming potentials (GWPs). The GWP of a GHG is the potential of a gas or aerosol to trap heat in the atmosphere over a specified timescale (generally, 100 years). Because GHGs absorb different amounts of heat, a common reference gas (CO2) is used to relate the amount of heat absorbed to the amount of the gas emissions, referred to as "carbon dioxide equivalent" (CO2E), and is the amount of a CHG emitted multiplied by its GWP. Carbon dioxide has a GWP of one. By contrast, methane (CH4) has a GWP of 28, meaning its global warming effect is 28 times greater than carbon dioxide on a molecule per molecule basis (IPCC, 2014). The largest source of GHG in California is transportation, contributing 39.9 percent of the state's total GHG emissions. The industrial sector is the second largest source, contributing 21 percent of the state's GHG emissions. California emissions result in part to its geographic size and large population compared to other states. However, a factor that reduces California's per capita fuel use and CHG emissions, as compared to other states, is its relatively mild climate. 1n July 2017, California's state legislature passed Assembly Bill (AB) 398 to reauthorize and extend until 2030 the state's economy-wide GHG reduction program. California has established a CHG target of at least 40% below the 1990 level of emissions by 2030. City of Carlsbad 24 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study California Regulations In 2005, former Governor Schwarzenegger issued Executive Order (EO) S-3~05, establishing statewide GHG emissions reduction targets. EO S-3-05 states that by 2020, emissions shull be reduced to 1990 levels; and by 2050, emissions shall be reduced to 80 percent of 1990 levels (CalEPA, 2006). In response to EO S-3-05, CalEPA created the Climate Action Team (CAT), which in March 2006 published the Climate Action Team Report (the "2006 CAT Report") (CalEP A, 2006 ). The 2006 CAT Report recommended various strategies that the state could pursue to reduce GHG emissions. These strategies could be implemented by various state agencies to ensure that the emission reduction targets in EO S-3-05 are met and can be met with existing authority of the state agencies. The strategies include the reduction of passenger and light duty truck emissions, the reduction of idling times for diesel trucks, an overhaul of shipping technology/infrastructure, increased use of alternative fuels, increased recycling, and landfill methane capture. Assembly Bill 32 and CARB's Scoping Plan To further the goals established in EO S-3-05, the Legislature passed Assembly Bill (AB) 32, the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006. AB 32 requires California to reduce its GHG emissions to 1990 levels by 2020. Under AB 32, CARB is responsible for and is recognized as having the expertise to carry out and develop the programs and requirements necessary to achieve the GHG emissions reduction mandate of AB 32. Under AB 32, CARB must adopt regulations requiring the reporting and verification of statewide GHG emissions from specified sources. This program is used to monitor and enforce compliance with established standards. CARB also is required to adopt rules and regulations to achieve the maximum technologically feasible and cost-effective GHG emfasion reductions. AB 32 authorized CARB to adopt market- based compliance mechanisms to meet the specified requirements. Finally, CARB is responsible fo r monitoring compliance and enforcing any rule, regulation, order, emission limitation, emission reduction measure, or market-based compliance mechanism adopted. In 2007, CARB approved a limit on the statewide GHG emissions level for year 2020 consistent with the determined 1990 baseline (427 MMT CO2E). CARB's adoption of this limit is in accordance with Health and Safety Code, Secti.on 38550. Further, in 2008, CARB adopted the Scoping Plan in accordance with Health and Safety Code Section 38561. The Scoping Plan establishes an overall framework for the measures that will be adopted to reduce California's GHG emissions for various emission sources/sectors to 1990 levels by 2020. The Scoping Plan evaluates opportunities fo r sector-specific reductions, integrates all CARB and Climate Action Team early actions and additional GHG reduction features by both entities, identifies additional measures to be pursued as regulations, and outlines the role of a cap-and-trade program. The key elements of the Scoping Plan include the fo llowing (CARB 2008): l. Expanding and strengthening existing energy efficiency programs, as well as building and appliance standards; 2. Achieving a statewide renewable energy mix of 33%; City of Carlsbad 25 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study 3. Developing a Californfa cap-and-trade program that links with other Western Climate Initiative partner programs to create a regional market system and caps sources contributing 85% of California's GHG emissions; 4. Establishing targets for transportation-related. GHG emissions for regions throughout California, and pursuing policies and incentives to achieve those targets; 5. Adopting and implementing measures pursuant to existing state laws and policies, including California's clean car standards, goods movement measures, and the Low Carbon Fuel Standard; and 6. Creating targeted fees, including a public goods charge on water use, fees on high GWP gases, and a fee to fund the administrntive costs of the State of California's long-term commitment to AB 32 implementation. In the Scoping Plan (CARB 2008), CARB determined that achieving the 1990 emissions level in 2020 would require a reduction in GHG emissions of approximately 28.5% from the otherwise projected 2020 emissions level (i.e., those emissions that would occur in 2020) absent GHG reducing laws and regulations (referred to as Business-As-Usual (BAU)). To calculate this percentage reduction, CARB assumed that all new electricity generation would be supplied by natural gas plants, no fmther regulatory action would impact vehicle fuel efficiency, and building energy efficiency codes would be held at 2005 standards. ln the 2011 Final Supplement to the AB 32 Scoping Plan Functional Equivalent Document (CARB 201 la), CARB revised its estimates of the projected 2020 emissions level in light of the economic recession and the availability of updated information about GHG reduction regulations. Based on the new data, CARB determined that achieving the 1990 emissions level by 2020 would require a reduction in GHG emissions of 21.7% (down from 28.5%) from the BAU conditions. When the 2020 emissions level projection was updated to account for newly implemented regulatory measures, including Pavley I (model years 2009-2016) and the Renewables Portfolio Standard (RPS) (12% to 20%), CARB determined that achieving the 1990 emissions level in 2020 would require a reduction in GHG emissions of 16% (down from 28.5%) from the BAU conditions. In 2014, CARB adopted the First Update to the Climate Change Scoping Plan: Building on the Framework (First Update; CARB 2014). The stated purpose of the First Update is to "highlight California's success to date in reducing its GHG emissions and lay the foundation for establishing a broad framework for continued emission reductions beyond 2020, on the path to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050" (CARB 2014). The First Update fou nd that California is on track to meet the 2020 emissions reduction mandate established by AB 32 and noted that California could reduce emissions further by 2030 to levels needed to stay on track to reduce emissions to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050 if the state realizes the expected benefits of existing policy goals. In conjunction with the First Update, CARB identified "six key focus areas comprising major components of the state's economy to evaluate and describe the larger transformative actions that will be needed to meet the state's more expansive emission reduction needs by 2050" (CARB 2014). Those six areas are (1) energy, (2) transportation (vehicles/equipment, sustainable City of Carlsbad 26 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study communities, housing, fue ls, and infrastructure), (3) agriculture, (4) water, (5) waste management, and (6) natural and working lands. The First Update identifies key recommended actions for each sector that will facilitate achievement of EO S-3-05's 2050 reduction goal (CARB 2014). Based on CARB's research efforts presented in the First Update, it has a "strong sense of the mix of ted,nologies needed to reduce emissions through 2050" (CARB 2014). Those technologies include energy demand reduction through efficiency and activity changes; large-scale electrification of on-road vehicles, buildings, and industrial machinery; decaxbonizing electricity and fuel supplies; and the rapid market penetration of efficient and clean energy technologies. As part of the First Update, CARB recalculated the state's 1990 emissions level using more recent GWPs identified by the IPCC. Using the recalculated 1990 emissions level (431 MMT CO2E) and the revised 2020-emissions-level projection identified in the 2011 Final Supplement, CARB determined that achieving the 1990 emissions level by 2020 would require a reduction in GHG emissions of approximately 15% (instead of 28.5% or 16%) from the BAU conditions (CARB 2014). In January 2017, CARB released, The 2017 Climate Change Scoping Plan Update (Second Update; CARB 2017b), for public review and comment. This update proposes CARB's strategy for ad1.ieving the state's 2030 GHG target as established in Senate Bill (SB) 32 (discussed below), including continuing the Cap-and-Trade Program through 2030, and includes a new approach to reduce GHGs from refineries by 20%. The Second Update incorporates approaches to cutting short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) under the Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Reduction Strategy (a planning document that was adopted by CARB in March 2017), acknowledges the need for reducing emissions in agriculture, and highlights the work underway to ensure that California's natural and workLng lands increasingly sequester carbon. During development of the Second Update, CARB held a number of public workshops in the Natural and Working Lands, Agriculture, Energy, and Transportation sectors to inform development of the 2030 Scoping Plan Update (CARS 2016). The Second Update has not been considered by CARB's Governing Board at the time this analysis was prepared. Executive Order S-01-07 was enacted on January 18, 2007. The order mandates that a Low Carbon Fuel Standard ("LCFS") for transportation fuels be established for Califomia to reduce the carbon intensity of California's transportation fuels by at least 10 percent by 2020. Other regulations affecting state and local GHG planning and policy development are summarized as follows: Assembly Bill 939 and Senate Bill 1374 Assembly Bill 939 (AB 939) requires that each jurisdiction in California to divert at least 50 percent of its waste away from landfills, whether through waste reduction, recycling or other means. Senate Bill 1374 (SB 1374) requires the California Integrated Waste Management Board to adopt a model ordinance by March 1, 2004 suitable for adoption by any local agency to require 50 to 75 percent diversion of construction and demolition of waste materials from City of Carlsbad 27 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study landfills. Senate Bill 1368 SB 1368 required the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) to establish a performance standard for baseload generation of GHG emissions by investor-owned utilities by February 1, 2007 and for local publicly owned utilities by June 30, 2007. These standa1·ds could not exceed the GHG emissions rate from a baseload combined-cycle, natural gas-fired plant. Furthermore, the legislation states that all electricity provided to the State, including imported electricity, must be generated by plants that meet the standards set by CPUC and California Energy Commission (CEC). Senate Bill 97 Senate Bill 97 (SB 97) was adopted August 2007 and acknowledges that climate change is an environmental issue that requires analysis under CEQA. SB 97 directed the Governor's Office of Planning and Research (OPR), which is part of the State Natural Resources Agency, to prepare, develop, and transmit to CARB guidelines for the feasible mitigation of GHG emissions or the effects of GHG emissions, as required by CEQA, by July 1, 2009. The Natural Resources Agency was required to certify and adopt those guidelines by January 1, 2010. On December 30, 2009 the Natural Resources Agency adopted amendments to the CEQA guidelines that address GHG emissions. The CEQA Guidelines Amendments changed sections of the CEQA Guidelines and incorporated GHG language throughout the Guidelines. However, no GHG emissions thresholds of significance were provided and no specific mitigation measures were iden tified. The GHG emission reduction amendments went into effect on March 18, 2010 and are summarized below: 1. Climate action plans and other greenhouse gas reduction plans can be used to determine whether a project has significant impacts, based upon its compliance with the plan. 2. Local governments are encouraged to quantify the greenhouse gas emissions of proposed projects, noting that they have the freedom to select the models and methodologies that best meet their needs and circumstances. The section also recommends consideration of several qualitative factors that may be used in the determination of significance, such as the extent to which the given project comp)jes with state, regional, or local GHG reduction plans and policies. QPR does not set or dictate specific thresholds of significance. Consistent with existing CEQA Guidelines, OPR encourages local governments to develop and publish their own thresholds of significance for GHG impacts assessment. 3. When creating their own thresholds of significance, local governments may consider the thresholds of significance adopted or recommended by other public agencies, or recommended by experts. 4. New amendments include guidelines for determining methods to mitigate the effects of greenhouse gas emissions in Appendix F of the CEQA Guidelines. City of Carlsbad 28 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study 5. OPR is clear to state that "to qualify as mitigation, specific measures from an existing plan must be identified and incorporated into the project; general compliance with a plan, by itself, is not mitigation." 6. OPR's emphasizes the advantages of analyzing GHG impacts on an institutional, programmatic level. OPR therefore approves tiering of environmental analyses and highlights some benefits of such an approad,. 7. Environmental impact reports (EIRs) must specifically consider a project's energy use and energy efficiency potential. Senate Bills 1078, 107, and Xl-2 and Executive Orders S-14-08 and S-21-09 Senate Bill 1078 (SB 1078) requires retail sellers of electricity, including investor-owned utilities and community choice aggregators, to provide at least 20 percent of their supply from renewable sources by 2017. Senate Bill 107 (SB 107) changed the target date to 2010. Executive Order S-14-08 was signed on November 2008 and expands the State's Renewable Energy Standard to 33 percent renewable energy by 2020. Executive Order S-21-09 directed CA RB to adopt regulations by July 31, 2010 to enforce S-14-08. Senate Bill Xl-2 codifies the 33 percent renewable energy requirement by 2020. California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 24, Part 6 CCR Title 24, Part 6: Cali fornia's Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings (Title 24) were first established in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to reduce California's energy consumption. The standards are updated periodically to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy efficiency technologies and methods. Although it was not originally intended to reduce GHG emissions, electricity production by fossil fuels results in GHG emissions and energy efficient buildings require less electricity. Therefore, increased energy efficiency results in decreased GHG emissions. The 2022 Title 24 standards are the currently applicable building energy efficiency standards, and became effective on January 1, 2023. The 2022 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards will further reduce energy used and associated GHG emissions compared to prior standards. On August 11, 2021, the CEC adopted the 2022 Energy Code. In December 2021, it was approved by tl1e California Building Standards Commission for inclusion into the California Building Standards Code. The 2022 Energy Code encourages efficient electric heat pumps, establishes electric-ready requirements for new homes, expands solar photovoltaic and battery storage standards, strengthens ventilation standards, and more. Buildings whose permit applications are applied for on or after January 1, 2023, must comply with the 2022 Energy Code. Se11ate Bill 375 SB 375 (2008) addresses GHG emissions associated witl, the transportation sector through regional transportation and sustainability plans. SB 375 required CARB to adopt regional GHG City of Carlsbad 29 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study reduction targets for the automobile and light-truck sector for 2020 and 2035. Regional metropolitan plannjng organizations are then responsible for preparing a Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS) within their Regional Transportation Plan (RTP). TI1e goaJ of the SCS is to establish a forecasted development pattern for the region that, after considering transportation measures and policies, will achieve, if feasible, the CHG reduction targets. Jf an SCS is unable to achieve the GHG reduction target, a metropolitan planning organization must prepare an Alternative Planning Strategy demonstrating how the CHG reduction target would be achieved through alternative development patterns, infrastructure, or additional transportation measures or policies. Pursuant to California Government Code Section 65080(b)(2)(K), an SCS does not regulate the use of land; supersede the land use authority of cities and counties; or require that a city's or county's land use policies and regulations, including those in a general plan, be consistent with it. Nonetheless, SB 375 makes regional and local planning agencies responsible for developing those strategies as part of the federally required metropolitan transportation planning process and the state-mandated housing element process. In 2010, CARB adopted the SB 375 targets for the regional metropolitan planning organizations. The targets adopted for SANDAG in 2010 are a 7% reduction in per-capita passenger-vehicle GHG emissions by 2020 and a 13% reduction by 2035, measured relative to 2005 GHG emissions. In 2018, CARB adopted the second round of SB 375 reduction targets, and increased SANDAC's 2020 target to a 15% reduction in per-capita passenger-vehicle GHG emissions, and the 2035 target to a 19% reduction using the same 2005 baseline. Senate Bill X7-7 Senate Bill X7-7 (SB X7-7), enacted on November 9, 2009, mandates water conservation targets and efficiency improvements for urban and agricultural water suppliers. SB X7-7 requires the Department of Water Resources (DWR) to develop a task force and technical panel to develop alternative best management practices for the water sector. Additionally, SB X7-7 required the DWR to develop crheria for baseline uses for residential, commercial, and industrial uses for both indoor and landscaped area uses. The DWR was also required to develop targets and regulations that achieve a statewide 20 percent reduction in water usage. California Green Building Standards Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations was established in 1978 and serves to enhance and regulate California's building standards. While not initially p romulgated to reduce GHG emissions, Part 6 of Title 24 specifically establishes Building Energy Efficiency Standards that are designed to ensure new and existing buildings in California achieve energy efficiency and preserve outdoor and indoor environmental quality. These energy efficiency standards are reviewed every few years by the Building Standards Commission and the California Energy Commission (CEC) (and revised if necessary) (California Public Resources Code, Section 25402(b)(l)). The regulations receive input from members of industry, as well as the public, with the goal of "reducing of wasteful, uneconomk, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy'' (California Public Resources Code, Section 25402). These regulations are carefulJy scrutinized and analyzed for technological and economic feasibility (California Public City of Carlsbad 30 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Resources Code, Section 25402(d)) and cost effectiveness (California Public Resources Code, Sections 25402(b)(2) and (b)(3)). These standards are updated to consider and incorporate new energy efficient technologies and construction methods. As a result, these standards save energy, increase electricity supply reliability, increase indoor comfort, avoid the need to construct new power plants, and help preserve the environment. The 2019 Title 24 building energy efficiency standards and became effective on January 1, 2020 and addressed lighting, heating, cooling, ventilation, and water heating stamdards. The 2022 Energy Code encourages efficient electric heat pumps, establishes electric-ready requirements for new homes, expands solar photovoltaic and battery storage standards and strengthens ventilation standards. Title 24, Part 11. In addition to the CEC's efforts, in 2008, the California Building Standards Commission adopted the nation's first green building standards. The Californja Green Building Standards Code (Part 11 of Title 24) is commonly referred to as "CALGreen," and establishes minimum mandatory standards and voluntary standards pertaining to the planning and design of sustainable site development, energy efficiency (in excess of the California Energy Code requirements), water conservation, material conservation, and interior air quality. The CALGreen standards initially took effect in January 2011 and instituted mandatory minimum environmental performance standards for all ground-up, new construction of commercial, low- rise residential, and state-owned buildings and schools and hospitaJs. The CALGreen 2019 standards became effective on January 1, 2020. The CALGreen 2022 standards are the most current and became effective January, 2023. The mandatory standards require the following (24 CCR Part 11): • Mandatory reduction in indoor water use through compliance with specified flow rates for plumbing fixtures and fittings; • Mandatory reduction in outdoor water use through compliance with a local water efficient landscaping ordinance or the California Department of Water Resources' Model Water • Efficient Landscape Ordinance; • Diversion of 65% of construction and demolition waste from landfiils; • Mandatory inspections of energy systems to ensure optimal working efficiency; • Inclusion of one electric verucle charging station or designated spaces capable of supporting future charging stations; and • Low-pollutant-emjtting exterior and interior finish materials, such as paints, carpets, vinyl flooring, and particle board. The CALGreen standards also include voluntary efficiency measures that are provided at two separate tiers and implemented at the discretion of local agencies and applicants. CALGreen's Tier 1 standards call for a 15% improvement in energy requirements, stricter water conservation, 65% diversion of construction and demolition waste, 10% recycled content in City of Carlsbad 31 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study building materials, 20% permeable paving, 20% cement reduction, and cool/solar-reflective roofs. CALGreen's more rigorous Tier 2 standards call for a 30% improvement in energy requirements, stricter water conservation, 75'Yo diversion of construction and demolition waste, 15% recycled content in building materi.als, 30% permeable paving, 25% cement reduction, and cool/solar-reflective roofs (24 CCR Part 11). The California Public Utilities Commission, CEC, and CARB also have a shared, established goal of achieving zero net energy (ZNE) for new construction in California. The key policy timelines include the following: (1) all new residential construction in California will be ZNE by 2020, and (2) all new commercial construction in California wilJ be ZNE by 2030 (CPUC 2013).2 As most recently defined by the CEC in its 2015 lntegrated Energy Policy Report., a ZNE code building is "one where the value of the energy produced by on-site renewable energy resources is equal to the value of the energy consumed annually by the building'' using the CEC's Time Dependent Valuation metric. In November 2022, CARB released a proposal to set new targets for renewable energy, clean buildings, carbon removal, and clean fuels in the transportation sector. If adopted by CA RB, this plan will implement actions to build out a 100% clean energy grid, achieve carbon neutrality by 2045. Title 20 Title 20 of the California Code of Regulations requires manufacturers of appliances to meet state and federal standards for energy and water efficiency. Performance of appliances must be certified through the CEC to demonstrate compliance with standards. New appliances regulated under Title 20 include refrigerators, refrigerator-freezers, and freezers; room air conditioners and room air-conditioning heat pumps; central air conditioners; spot air conditioners; vented gas space heaters; gas pool heaters; plumbing fittings and plumbing fixtures; fh.1orescent lamp ballasts; lamps; emergency Lighting; traffic signal modules; dishwaters; clothes washers and dryers; cooking products; electric motors; low voltage dry-type distribution transformers; power supplies; televisions and consumer audio and video equipment; and battery charger systems. Title 20 presents protocols for testing for each type of appliance covered under the regulations and appliances must meet the standards for energy performance, energy design, water performance, and water design. Title 20 contains three types of standards for appliances: federal and state standards for federally regulated appliances, state standards for federally regulated appliances, and state standards for non-federally regulated appliances. Executive Order B-30-15 EO B-30-15 (April 2015) identified an interim GHG reduction target in support of targets previously identified under S-3-05 and AB 32. EO B-30-15 set an interim target goal of reducing statewide GHG emissions to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030 to keep California on its trajectory toward meeting or exceeding the long-term goal of reducing statewide GHG emissions to 80% 2 lt is expected that achievement of the ZNE goal will occur through revisions lo the Title 24 standards. City of Carlsbad 32 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study below 1990 levels by 2050 as set forth in EO S-3-05. To facilitate achievement of this goal, EO B- 30-15 calls for an update to CARB's Scoping Plan to express the 2030 target in terms of MMT CO2E. EO B-30-15 also calls for state agencies to continue to develop and implement GHG emission reduction programs in support of the reduction targets. EO B-30-15 does not require local agencies to take any action to meet the new interim GHG reduction target. Senate Bill 32 and Assembly Bill 197 SB 32 and AB 197 (enacted in 2016) are companion bills that set new statewide GHG reduction targets, make changes to CARB's membership, increase legislative oversight of CARB's climate change-based activities, and expand dissemination of GHG and other air quality-related emissions data to enhance transparency and accountability. More specifically, SB 32 codified the 2030 emissions reduction goal of EO B-30-15 by requiring CARB to ensure that statewide GHG emissions are reduced to 40% below 1990 levels by 2030. AB 197 established the Joint Legislative Committee on Climate Change Policies, consisting of at least three members of the Senate and three members of the Assembly, in order to provide ongoing oversight over implementation of the state's climate policies. AB 197 added two members of the Legislature to CARB as nonvoting members; requires CARB to make available and update (at least annually via its website) emissions data for GHGs, criteria air pollutants, and toxic air contaminants from reporting facilities; and requires CARB to identify specific information for GHG emissions reduction measures when updating the Scoping Plan. SB 350-Clean EnergiJ and Pollution Reduction Act of 2015 Jn October 2015, the legislature approved and the Governor signed SB 350, which reaffirms California's commitment to reducing its GHG emissions and addressing climate change. Key provisions include an increase in the renewables portfolio standard (RPS), higher energy efficiency requirements for buildings, initial strategies towards a regional electricity grid, and improved infrastructure for electric vehicle charging stations. Provisions for a 50 percent reduction in the use of petroleum statewide were removed from the Bill because of opposition and concern that it would prevent the Bill's passage. Specifically, SB 350 requ ires the following to reduce statewide GHG emissions: l. Increase the amount of electricity procured from renewable energy sources from 33 percent to 50 percent by 2030, with interim targets of 40 percent by 2024, and 25 percent by 2027. 2. Double the energy efficiency in existing buildings by 2030. This target will be achieved through the CPUC, the CEC, and local publicly-owned utilities. 3. Reo.rganize the Independent System Operator (ISO) to develop more regional electrify transmission markets and to improve accessibility in these markets, which will facilitate the growth of renewable energy markets in the western United States. City of Carlsbad 33 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study SB 100 On September 10, 2018, Governor Brown signed SB 100, which raises California's RPS requirements to 60 percent by 2030, with interim targets, and 100 percent by 2045. The bill also establishes a state policy that eligible renewable energy resources and zero-carbon resources supply 100 percent of all retail sales of electricity to California end-use customers and 100 percent of electricity procured to serve all state agencies by December 31, 2045. Under the bill, the state cannot increase carbon emissions elsewhere in the western grid or .illow resource shuffling to achieve the 100 percent carbon-free electricity target. Executive Order B-55-18 On September 10, 2018, Governor Brown signed Executive Order B-55-2018 which established a new statewide goal to achieve carbon neutrality as soon as possible and no later than 2045. The executive order also states that California will achieve and maintain net negative emissions thereafter. AB 2127 AB 2127 promotes better planning for EV infrastructure build-out across all vehicle classes. AB 2127 would help the state meet the goal of 5 million zero-emission vehicles (ZEV) on the road by 2030. Local Regulations and CEQA Requirements Pursuant to the requirements of SB 97, the Resources Agency has adopted amendments to the State CEQA Guidelines for the feasible mitigation of GHG emissions or the effects of GHG emissions. The adopted CEQA Guidelines provide general regulatory guidance on the analysis and mitigation of GHG emissions in CEQA documents, but contain no suggested thresholds of significance for GHG emissions. Instead, lead agencies are given the discretion to set quantitative or qualitative thresholds for the assessment and mitigation of GHGs .ind climate change nnpacts. The general approach to developing a Threshold of Significance for CHG emissions is to identify the emissions level for which a project would not be expected to substantially conflict with existing California legislation adopted to reduce statewide GHG emissions needed to move the state towards climate stabilization. If a project would generate GHG emissions above the threshold level, its contribution to cumulative impacts would be considered significant. The California Supreme Court addressed the issue of GHG emissions and the evaluation of potential impacts in CEQA documents, in the Center for Biological Diversity v. California Department of Fish and Wildlife and Newhall Land and Farming case, (2015) 224 Cal.App.4th 1105 (CBD vs. CDFW), also known as the "Newhall Ranch" case. The justices examined one of the most common approaches to GHG analyses for development projects which was evaluating the efficiency of a project's emissions reduction in the context of the AB 32's 2020 reduction goal, as presented in the statewide CARB Scoping Plan, using a comparison to an unregulated, "business as usual (BAU)" emissions scenario. As discussed in the Newhall Ranch decision, determining consistency with local GHG reduction plans or Climate Action Plans that qualify under Section 15183.5 of the CEQA Guidelines may be the most effective strategy for local governments to assess the significance of GHG emissions from proposed land use City of Carlsbad 34 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study developments. Qualified CAPs also provide a workable option for addressing post-2020 GHG emissions and resolving issues that arise out of project-level GHG analyses raised in the Court's decision. City of Carlsbad Climate Action Plan In September 2015, the City of Carlsbad adopted a qualified Climate Action Plan, or CAP, that outlined strategies and policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Since then, community wide GHG inventories and statewide targets have been updated and included in a Revised CAP approved in May 2020. The purpose of the CAP is to pursue the community's goal of promoting a sustainable environment. The City of Carlsbad is in the process of updating the 2015 CAP which is expected to be approved in mid-2024. The City of Carlsbad evaluates whether individual projects are subject to CAP requirements using the CAP Consistency Checklist. Projects that are subject to discretionary review but emit less than 900 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MTCO2e) annually would not contribute considerably to cumulative climate change impacts as stated in the CAP. Demonstrating CAP consistency for these projects are not required. CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT ANALYSIS Thresholds of Significance Pursuant to the requirements of SB 97, the Resources Agency adopted amendments to the State CEQA Guidelines for the feasible mitigation of GHG emissions or the effects of GHG emissions in March 2010. These guidelines are used in evaluating the cumulative significance of CHG emissions from the proposed project. According to the adopted CEQA Guidelines, impacts related to CHG emissions from the proposed project would be significant if the project would: a. Generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment; and/or b. Conflict with an applicable plan, polici; or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases. The vast majority of individual projects do not generate sufficient GHG emissions to create a project-specific impact through a direct influence to climate change; therefore, the issue of climate change typically involves an analysis of whether a project's contribution towards an impact is cumulatively considerable. "Cumulatively considerable" means that the incremental effects of an individual project are significant when viewed in connection with the effects of past projects, other current projects, and probable future projects (CEQA Guidelines, Section 15355). For future projects, the significance of GHG emissions may be evaluated based on locally adopted quantitative thresholds, or consistency with a regional GHG reduction plan (such as a City of Carlsbad 35 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Climate Action P lan). The proposed project is evaluated herein based on use of a screening threshold of 900 MT CO2e am1Ually as stated above. Methodology GHG emissions associated with construction and operation of the proposed project and existing development have been estimated using California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod) version 2022.1. Construction Emissions Construction of the proposed project would generate temporary GHG emissions primarily associated with the operation of construction equipment, worker trips and truck trips required for hauling excavation spoils, materials and equipment. Site preparation and grading typically generate the greatest emission quantities because the use of heavy equipment is greatest during this phase of construction. Emissions associated with the construction period were estimated based on the projected maximum amount of equipment that would be used on-site at one time. Air districts such as the SDAPCD have recommended amortizing construction-related emissions over a 30-year period to calculate annual emissions. Complete CalEEMod results and assumptions can be viewed in the Appendix. Operational Emissions Default values used in CalEEMod version 2022.1 are based on the CEC sponsored California Commercial End Use Survey (CEUS) and Residential Appliance Saturation Survey (RASS) studies. CaJEEMod provides operational emissions of CO2, N2O and CH4. This methodology has been subjected to peer review by numerous public and private stakeholders, and in particular by the CEC; and therefore, is considered reasonable and reliable for use in GHG impact analysis pursuant to CEQA. It is also recommended by CAPCOA Ganuary 2008). Emissions associated with area sources (i.e., consumer products, landscape maintenance, and architectural coating) were calculated in CalEEMod based on standard emission rates from CARB, USEP A, and district supplied emission factor values (CalEEMod User Gujde, 2022). Emissions from waste generation were also calculated in CalEEMod and are based on the IPCC's methods for quantifying GHG emissions from solid waste using the degradable organic content of waste (CalEEMod User Guide, April 2022). Waste disposal rates by land use and overall composition of municipal solid waste in California was primarily based on data provided by the Californfa Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (CalRecycle). Emissions from water and wastewater usage calculated in CalEEMod were based on the default electricity intensity from the CEC's 2006 Refining Estimates of Water-Related Energy Use in California using the average values for Northern and Southern California. Emissions from mobile sources were quantified based on default trip generation rates in CaJEEMod. City of Carlsbad 36 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study a. Would the project generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment? Construction Emissions Construction activity analysis is based on the anticipated construction period of approximately seven months beginning in May 2025 and concluding November 2025. Based on CalEEMod results, construction activity for the project would generate an estimated 77 metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO:zE) in 2025 as shown in Table 7. Amortized over a 30-year period (the assumed life of the project), construction of the proposed project would generate 3 metric tons of CO2E per year. Table 7 Estimated Construction Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions Year Annual Emissions (metric tons C0 2E) 2025 77 Total 77 Amortized over 30 years 3 See Appendix for CalEEMod software program output Operational Indirect and Stationary Direct Emissions Operational emissions relate to energy use, solid waste, water use, and transportation. Each source is discussed below and includes the emissions associated with existing development and the anticipated emissions that would result from the proposed project. Energy Use. CalEEMod default values for electricity use and natural gas consumption for each land use type were applied for the proposed land use designation. The energy use from residential and commercial land uses is calculated in CalEEMod based on the Commercial End- Use Survey. Energy use in buildings (both natural gas and electricity) is divided by CalEEMod into end-use categories subject to Title 24 requirements (end uses associated with the building envelope, such as the HVAC system, water heating system, and integrated lighting) and those not subject to Title 24 requirements (such as appliances, electronics, and miscellaneous"plug-in" uses). Operational GHG emissions from energy sources include natural gas combustion for appliances and space and water heating. The current Title 24, Part 6 standards, referred to as the 2022 Title 24 Building Energy Efficiency Standards, became effective on January 1, 2023. The current version of CalEEMod calculates electricity and natural gas emissions based on consumption estimates and Title 24 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards (CalEEMod Users Guide, City of Carlsbad 37 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study 2022). Ca1EEMod default energy intensity factors (CO2, CH4, and N2O mass emissions per kilowatt hour) for SDG&E were based on the value fo r SDG&E's energy mix in 2021. As shown in Table 8, the overall emissions associated with electrical energy use at the project site would be approximately 12 metric tons of CO2E per year. An additional 7 MT CO2E would be ath·ibutable to nahual gas. Water Use Emissions. Based on the amount of electricity generated to supply and convey this amount of water, as shown in Table 8, the project would generate approximately 1 metric ton of CO2E per year. Emissions related to water consumption would be reduced by 20% per Senate Bill X7-7, by implementing measures that include the installation of low flow plumbing fixtures (i.e., faucets, toilets, show heads) and water efficient irrigation systems. Solid Waste Emissions. Implementation of a municipal recycling program that would achieve a 75% diversion rate statewide is required for residential uses per the California Integrated Waste Management Act of 1989 (AB 939). The Ca lEEMod results indicate that the project would result in approximately 1 metric ton of CO2E per year associated with solid waste disposed within landfills provided 75% of solid waste is recycled (Table 9). Table 8 Estimated Annual Energy-Related Greenhouse Gas Emissions Emission Source Annual Emissions (C02E) Proposed Project Electricity 12 metric tons Natural Gas 7 metric tons Total 19 metric tons See Appendix for Ca/EEMod software program output. Table 9 Estimated Annual Solid Waste and Water Use Greenhouse Gas Emissions Emission Source Annual Emissions (C02E) Water 1 metric tons Solid Waste 1 metric tons Total Water and Solid Waste 2 metric tons See Appendix for Ca/EEMod software program output. Transportation Emissions. Mobile source GHG emissions were estimated using the trip generation rates provided in CalEEMod 2022.1 (i.e., Institute of Transportation Engineers, Trip Generation Manual 11th Edition). Table 10 shows the estimated mobile emissions of GHGs for the project based on the estimated annual VMT of 286,729 as estimated by CalEEMod 2022.1 City of Carlsbad 38 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study (see Appendix A) As shown in Table 10, the project would generate approximately 107 metric tons of C02E associated with new vehicle trips. Table 10 Estimated Annual Mobile Emissions of Greenhouse Gases Emission Source Annual Emissions (CO2E) Proposed Project Mobile Emissions (CO2 & CH4) 107 metric tons Total 107 metric tons See Appendix for Ca/EEMod software program output. Combined Construction, Stc:itionary and Mobile Source Emissions Table 11 combines the net new construction, operational, and mobile GHG emissions associated with the proposed project. As discussed above, temporary emissions associated with construction activity (approximately 77 metric tons CO2E) are amortized over 30 years (the anticipated life of the project). For the proposed project, the combined annual emissions would total approximately 222 metric tons per year in C02E. The proposed project is evaluated based on the threshold of 900 MT CO2E annually. Project-related annual GHG emissions would be less than the 900 metric ton screening threshold. Thus, the project will not generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment. Construction and operational project impacts from GHG emissions would be less than significant. Table 11 Combined Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions Emission Source Annual Emissions (CO2E) Construction 3 metric tons Operational Energy 19 metric tons Solid Waste 1 metric tons Water 1 metric tons Area Source 1 metic tons Mobile 197 metric tons Total 222 metric tons See Appendix for Ca!EEMod software program output. b. Would the project conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducillg the emissions of greenhouse gases? City of Carlsbad 39 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study As referenced, specific goals and actions included in the City of Carlsbad CAP and Title 24 that pertain to the proposed project include those addressing energy and water use reduction, promotion of green building measures, waste reduction, and reduction in vehicle miles traveled. The proposed project would also be required to implement all mandatory green building measures for new resid ential and commercial development under the CALGreen Code. This would require the project be designed to reduce water consumption, increase building system efficiencies, divert construction waste from landfills, and install low pollutant emitting finish materials. Implementation of these building and appliance standards would result in water, energy, and construction waste reductions for the proposed project. Th ese requirements are included in the CAP Checklist prepared by the applicant to demonstrate project consistency with applicable elements of the CAP. Consistency with EO S-3-05 and SB 32 EO S-3-05. This EO establishes the following goals: GHG emissions should be reduced to 2000 levels by 2010, to 1990 levels by 2020, and to 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. SB 32. This bill establishes a statewide GHG emissions reduction target whereby CARB, in adopting rules and regulations to achieve the maximum technologically feasible and cost- effective GHG emissions reductions, shall ensure that statewide GHG emissions are reduced to at least 40% below 1990 levels by December 31, 2030. The City prepared a GHG emissions inventory included in the above referenced CAP. As stated, the City's CAP was adopted in September 2015. Since then, the City has exceeded the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by four percent from 2012 levels by 2020 and is working to reduce GHG emissions by 52 percent by 2035. The project GHG emissions would not exceed the screening threshold of 900 MT CO2e, the threshold established by the City for purposes of determining whether projects would conflict with applicable State goals and policies regarding GHG reductions, include SB 32 and Executive Order S-3-05, CARB has indicated that statewide, California is on track to achieving both the 2030 and 2050 goals. This is confirmed in the 2017 Scoping Plan, which states that the Scoping Plan builds upon the successful framework established by the Tniti.al Scoping Plan and First Update, while identifying new, technologically feasible and cost-effective strategies to ensure that California meets its GHG reduction targets. Table 12 summarizes the Project's consistency with applicable action elements of the 2017 Scoping Plan. City of Carlsbad 40 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Table 12 2017 Scoping Plan Consistency Summary ACTION RESPONSIBLE PARTIES CONFLICT? Implement SB 350 by 2030 Increase the Renewables Portfolio California Public Utility No Conflict. The Project would use Standard to 50% of retail sales by Commission (CPUC), energy from San Diego Gas and 2030 and ensure grid reliability. California Energy Electric {SDG&E). SDG&E has Commission (CEC) and committed to diversify their California Air Resources portfolio of energy sources by Board {CARB) increasing energy from wind and solar sources. The Project would not interfere with or obstruct SDG&E's energy source diversification efforts. Establish annual targets for No Conflict. The Project would be statewide energy efficiency constructed in compliance with savings and demand reduction current CBC requirements that will achieve a cumulative including the 2022 Building and doubling of statewide energy Energy Efficiency Standards and efficiency savings in electricity and the 2022 California Green Building natural gas end uses by 2030. Standard requirements. Reduce GHG emissions in the electricity sector through the implementation of the above measures and other actions as modeled in Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) to meet GHG emissions reductions planning targets in the IRP process. Load- serving entities and publicly- owned utilities meet GHG emissions reductions planning targets through a combination of measures as described in IRPs. Implement Mobile Source Strategy (Cleaner Technology and Fuels) At least 1.5 million zero emission CARB, California State No Conflict. This is a CARB Mobile and plugin hybrid light-duty EVs by Transportation Agency Source Strategy. The Project 2025. (CalSTA), Strategic Growth would not obstruct or interfere with Council (SGC), California CARB zero emission and plug-in Department of hybrid light-duty EV 2025 targets. Transportation (Caltrans), As this is a CARB enforced CEC, Office of Planning and standard, vehicles that access the Research (QPR), Local Project must comply with the Agencies standards as applicable; and thus, would comply with the strategy. Further, the project would provide EV and/or EV ready spaces as required by the City. At least 4.2 million zero emission No Conflict. This is a CARB Mobile and plugin hybrid light-duty EVs by Source Strategy. The Project 2030. would not obstruct or interfere with City of Carlsbad 41 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study ACTION Further increase GHG stringency on all light-duty vehicles beyond existing Advanced Clean cars regulations. Medium-and Heavy-Duty GHG Phase 2. Innovative Clean Transit: Transition to a suite of to-be- determined innovative clean transit options. Assumed 20% of new urban buses purchased beginning in 2018 will be zero emission buses with the penetration of zero- emission technology ramped up to 100% of new sales in 2030. Also, new natural gas buses, starting in 2018, and diesel buses, starting in 2020, meet the optional heavy- duty low-NOX standard. Last Mile Delivery: New regulation that would result in the use of low NOX or cleaner engines and the deployment of increasing numbers of zero-emission trucks primarily for class 3-7 last mile delivery trucks in California. This measure assumes ZEVs comprise 2.5% of new Class 3-7 truck sales in local fleets starting in 2020, increasing to 10% in 2025 and remaining flat through 2030. Further reduce VMT through continued implementation of SB 375 and regional Sustainable Communities Strategies; statewide implementation of SB 7 43; and potential additional VMT reduction strategies not specified in the Mobile Source Strategy but included in the document "Potential VMT Reduction Strategies for Discussion." RESPONSIBLE PARTIES CONFLICT? CARB zero emission and plug-in hybrid light-duty EV 2030 targets. CARB, California State No Conflict. This is a CARB Mobile Transportation Agency Source Strategy. The Project (CalST A), Strategic Growth would not obstruct or interfere with Council (SGC), California CARB efforts to further increase Department of GHG stringency on all light-duty Transportation (Caltrans), vehicles beyond existing CEC, Office of Planning and Advanced Clean cars regulations. Research (OPR), Local No Conflict. This is a CARB Mobile Agencies Source Strategy. The Project would not obstruct or interfere with CARB efforts to implement Medium-and Heavy-Duty GHG Phase 2. Not Applicable. This measure is not related to the project scope. No Conflict. This is a CARB Mobile Source Strategy. The Project would not obstruct or interfere with CARB efforts to improve last mile delivery emissions. No Conflict. As noted, no VMT analysis was required as the project screened out of the need to prepare such an analysis. The project site is proximal to bus transit stops and located less than 0.5 mile from the Carlsbad Village Station, an intermodal transit facility. Proximity to transit services would reduce daily vehicle trips. Further, on-site bicvcle parkina and six EV City of Carlsbad 42 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study ACTION Increase stringency of SB 375 Sustainable Communities Strategy (2035 targets). Harmonize project performance with emissions reductions and increase competitiveness of transit and active transportation modes (e.g., via guideline documents, funding programs, project selection, etc.). By 2019, develop pricing policies to support low-GHG transportation (e.g., low emission vehicle zones for heavy duty, road user, parking pricing, transit discounts). RESPONSIBLE PARTIES CARB CalSTA, SGC, OPR, CARB, Governor's Office of Business and Economic Development (GOBiz), California Infrastructure and Economic Development Bank (!Bank), Department of Finance (DOF), California Transportation Commission (CTC), Caltrans CalSTA, Cattrans, California Transportation Commission (CTC), QPR, SGC, CARB CONFLICT? charging stations would be provided to support use of alternative transportation modes and use of zero emission electric vehicles. No Conflict. The project would not exceed the City's GHG emission thresholds or otherwise conflict with GHG reduction efforts. No Conflict. The project would not conflict with use of adjacent streets by pedestrians or bicycles. Further, transit service is provided by the North County Transit District (BREEZE) Routes 315 and 325 within ½ mile walking distance from the project access. The Carlsbad Village Station, an intermodal transit facility, is also located less than 0.5 miles from the site. Not Applicable. This measure is not related to the project scope. Implement California Sustainable Freight Action Plan Improve freight system efficiency. CalST A, Cal EPA, California No Conflict. This measure would Natural Resource Agency apply to all trucks accessing the (CNRA), CARB, Caltrans, project site. It is presumed that CEC, GO-Biz these vehicles would primarily be delivery vans operated as part of the statewide goods movement sector. Access to the Project site would be provided from Tyler Street, west of the site. Deploy over 100,000 freight Not applicable. This measure is vehicles and equipment capable of unrelated to the project scope. zero emission operation and maximize both zero and near zero emission freight vehicles and equipment powered by renewable energy by 2030. Adopt a Low Carbon Fuel CARB No Conflict. When adopted, this Standard with a Carbon Intensity measure would apply to all fuel reduction of 18%. purchased for use in vehicles accessing the project site. The Project would not obstruct or interfere with aaencv efforts to City of Carlsbad 43 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study ACTION RESPONSIBLE PARTIES CONFLICT? adopt a Low Carbon Fuel Standard with a Carbon Intensity reduction of 18%. Implement the Short-Lived Climate Pollutant Strategy (SLPS) by 2030 40% reduction in methane and CARB, CalRecycle, No Conflict. The Project would be hydrofluorocarbon emissions California Department of required to comply with this below 2013 levels. Food and Agriculture measure and reduce any Project- (CDFA), California State source SLPS emissions Water Resource Control accordingly. The Project would not Board (SWRCB), Local Air obstruct or interfere with agency Districts efforts to reduce SLPS emissions. Implement the post-2020 Cap-CARB No Conflict. The Project would be and-Trade Program with declining required to comply with applicable annual caps. Cap-and-Trade Program provisions. The Project would not obstruct or interfere agency efforts to implement the post-2020 Cap- and-Trade Program. By 2018, develop Integrated Natural and Working Lands Implementation Plan to secure California's land base as a net carbon sink: Protect land from conversion CNRA, Departments Not applicable. The site is not a through conservation easements Within CDFA, CalEPA, property identified by federal, and other incentives. CARB state, or local law for conservation. Increase the long-term resilience Not applicable. The entire site is of carbon storage in the land base planned for development. and enhance sequestration capacity. Utilize wood and agricultural No Conflict. To the extent products to increase the amount of appropriate for the proposed carbon stored in the natural and mixed-use buildings, wood built environments. products would be used in construction, including roof structure. Additionally, the Project includes landscaping appropriate for an urban location. Establish scenario projections to Not applicable. This measure is serve as the foundation for the unrelated to the project scope. Implementation Plan. Implement Forest Carbon Plan. CNRA, California Not applicable. This measure is Department of Forestry and unrelated to the project scope. Fire Protection (CAL FIRE), CalEPA and Departments Within Identify and expand funding and State Agencies & Local Not applicable. This measure is financing mechanisms to support Agencies specific to state and local GHG reductions across all sectors. governments and cannot be implemented by the project. The project will be constructed and ooerated in a manner to that will City of Carlsbad 44 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study ACTION 2022 Scoping Plan Consistency RESPONSIBLE PARTIES CONFLICT? reduce GHG consumption consistent with state and local policies and regulations. CARB's 2022 Scoping Plan sets a path to achieve targets for carbon neutrality and reduce anthropogenic GHG emissions by 85 percent below 1990 levels by 2045 in accordance with AB 1279. The 2022 Scoping Plan focuses on zero-emission transportation; phasing out use of fossil gas use for heating homes and buildings; reducing chemical and refrigerants with high GWP; providing communities with sustainable options for walking/ biking, and public transit; displacement of fossil-fuel fired electrical generation through use of renewable energy alternatives (e.g., solar arrays and wind turbines); and scaling up new options such as green hydrogen. Unlike the 2017 Scoping Plan, CARB no longer includes a numeric per capita threshold and instead advocates for compliance with a local GHG reduction strategy (i.e., Climate Action Plan) consistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15183.5. Statewide strategies to reduce GHG emissions in the latest 2022 Scoping Plan include implementing SB 1001 which would achieve 100 percent clean electricity by 2045; achieving 100 percent zero emission vehicle sales in 2035 through Advanced Clean Cars II; and implementing the Advanced Clean Fleets regulation to deploy ZEV buses and trucks. Additional h·ansportation policies include the Off- Road Zero Emission Targeted Manufacturer rule, Clean Off-Road Fleet Recognition Program, In-use Off-Road Diesel Fueled Fleets Regulation, Clean Off-Road fleet Recognition Program, and Amendments to the In-use Off-Road Diesel-Fueled Fleets Regulation. The 2022 Scoping Plan would continue to implement SB 375. GHGs would be further reduced th.rough the Cap-and-Trade Program carbon pricing and SB 905. SB 905 requires CARB to create the Carbon Capture, Removal, UtiJization, and Storage Program to evaluate, demonstrate, and regulate carbon dioxide removal projects and teclmology. As indicated above, GHG reductions are also achieved as a result of State of California energy and water efficiency requirements for new residential development. These efficiency improvements correspond to reductions in secondary GHG emissions. For example, in California, most of the electricity that powers homes is derived from natural gas combustion. Therefore, energy saving measures, such as Title 24, reduces GHG emissions from the power generation facilities by reducing load demand. The 2022 Scoping Plan Appendix D provides local jurisdictions with tools to reduce GHGs and assist the state in meeting the ambitious targets set forth in the 2022 Scoping Plan. The 2022 Scoping Plan Appendix D focuses on Residential and Mixed-Use Projects. The 2022 Scoping Plan Appendix D lists potential actions that support the State's climate goals. However, the 2022 Scoping Plan notes that the applicability and performance of the actions may vary across the regions. The document is organized into two categories (A) examples of plan-level GHG reduction actions that could be implemented by local governments and (B) examples of on-site project design features, mitigation measures, that could be required of individual projects under CEQA, if feasible, when the local jurisdiction is the lead agency. The Project would include a City of Carlsbad 45 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study number of the Standard Conditions and m itigation measures for construction and operation. For example, the 2022 Scoping Plan's construction actions include enforcing idling time restrictions on construction vehicles and requiring construction vehicles to operate highest tier engines commercially available. The Project would include a majority of the feasible operational mitigation measures listed in the 2022 Scoping Plan Appendix Das design features. Some of the recommended operational measures would include providing bicycle parking, creating on-and off-site safety improvements for bike, pedest1ian, and transit connections, requiring solar panels, drought-tolerant landscaping, and energy conserving appliances. As discussed above, the Project would be consistent with all applicable plan goals and applicable regulatory programs designed to reduce GHG emissions generated by land use projects. The Project would be subject to compliance with all building codes in effect at the time of construction, which include energy conservation measures mandated by California Building Standards Code Title 24 -Energy Efficiency Standards. Because Title 24 standards require energy conservation features in new construction (e.g., high-efficiency lighting, high-efficiency heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, thermal insulation, double-glazed windows, water conserving plumbing fixtures), they indirectly regulate and reduce GHG emissions. California's Building Energy Efficiency Standards are updated on an approximately three-year cycle. As shown above, the majority of the Project's emjssions are from energy and mobile sources, which would be further reduced by the 2022 Scoping Plan actions described above. The City has no control over vehicle emissions; however, these emissions would decline in the future because of Statewide measures as welJ as cleaner technology and fleet turnover. Many State plans and policies would contribute to a reduction in the Project's mobile source emissions, including the following: CARB's Advanced Clean Truck Regulation: Adopted in June 2020, CAR.B's Advanced Clean Truck Regulation requires truck manufacturers to transition from diesel trucks and vans to electric zero-emission trucks beginning in 2024. By 2045, every new truck sold in California is required to be zero-emission. The Advanced Clean Truck Regulation accelerates the transition of zero- emission medium-and heavy-duty vehicles from Class 2b to Class 8. Executive Order N-79-20: Executive Order N-79-20 establishes tl1e goal for all new passenger cars and trucks, as well as all drayage/cargo trucks and off-road vehicles and equipment, sold in California, to be zero-emission by 2035 and all medium and heavy-duty vehicles to be zero- emission by 2045. It also directs CARB to develop and propose rulemaking for passenger vehicles and trucks, medium-and heavy-duty fleets where feasible, drayage trucks, and off-road vehicles and equipment "requiring increasing volumes" of new ZEVs "towards the target of 100 percent." CARB's Mobile Source Strategy: CARB's Mobile Source Strategy takes an integrated planning approach to identify the level of transition to cleaner mobile source technologies needed to achieve all of California's targets by increasing the adoption of ZEV buses and trucks. CARB's Sustainable Freight Action Plan: The Sustainable Freight Action Plan which improves freight system efficiency, utilizes near-zero emissions technology, and deployment of ZEV City of Carlsbad 46 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study trucks. This Plan applies to all trucks accessing the Project site and may include existing trucks or new trucks that are part of the Statewide goods movement sector. CARB's Emissions Reduction Plan for Ports and Goods Movement: CARB's Emissions Reduction Plan for Ports and Goods Movement identifies measures to improve goods movement efficiencies such as advanced combustion strategies, friction reduction, waste heat recovery, and electrification of accessories. While these measures are not directly applicable to the Project, any commercial activity associated with goods movement would be required to comply with these measures as adopted. The Project would not obstruct or interfere with efforts to increase ZEVs or State efforts to improve system efficiency. Compliance with applicable State standards (e.g., continuation of the Cap-and-Trade regulation; CARB' s Mobile Source Strategy, Sustainable Freight Action Plan, and Advanced Clean Truck Regulation; Executive Order N-79-20; SB 100/renewable electricity portfol io improvements that require 60 percent renewable electricity by 2030 and 100 percen t renewable by 2045, etc.) would ensure consistency with State and regional GHG reduction planning efforts, including the 2022 Scoping Plan. It is also noted that the Project would not convert any Natural and Working Lands (NWL) and/or decrease the State's urban forest carbon stock, which are areas of emphasis in the 2022 Scoping Plan. Regarding goals for 2050 under Executive Order S-3-05, at this time it is not possible to quantify the emissions savings from future regulatory measures, as they have not yet been developed; nevertheless, it can be anticipated that Project operations would benefit from applicable measures enacted to meet State GHG reduction goals. The Project would not impede the State's progress towards carbon neutrality by 2045 under the 2022 Scoping Plan. The Project would be required to comply with applicable current and future regulatory requirements promulgated through the 2022 Scoping Plan. Thus, impacts related to consistency with the 2017 and 2022 Scoping Plans would be less than significant. San Diego Association of Governments: San Diego Forward Regarding consistency with SANDAG's Regional Plan (Regional Plan), the project would not conflict with the policy objectives of the Regional Pla n and SB 375. Table 13 illustrates that the project does not conflict with applicable goals and policies of San Diego Forward: The Regional Plan (SANDAG 2021). As shown in Table 13, the project is consistent with applicable Policy Objectives and Strategies from the San Diego Forward -the 202] Regional Plan. City of Carlsbad 47 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Table 13 San Diego Forward: The Regional PJan Analysis Category Policy Obje.ctive or Strategy Cord)ict>.nalysis , . The Regional Plan -Implementation Actions Land Use and Habitat The 2021 Regional Plan vision for No Conflict. The project would be consistent with land use focuses on development planned land use for the site and would not and growth in Mobility Hub areas adversely impact habitat. Further, the project site to preserve the region's habitat is within ½ mile of the North County Transit and open space while supporting District (NCTD) Bus Routes 315 and 325 and transportation investments and less than ½ mile from the Carlsbad Village reducing vehicle miles traveled Station, a multimodal transit facility, The project (VMT). screened out of the requirement to prepare a VMT analysis per the City of Carlsbad May 2023 auidelines. Housing The 2021 Regional Plan No Conflict. The project would provide housing addresses the housing crisis within ½ mile of the Carlsbad Village Station, a through Mobility Hubs, bringing multimodal transit facility and North County locations where people live and Transit District (NCTD) Bus Routes 315 and work closer together and 325. providing more housing options for more San Diegans through increased density. Climate Action Planning To help reach regional and state No ConflictThe project would not impact regional greenhouse gas (GHG) or local initiatives to reduce GHG emissions. emissions-reduction targets, the The project's placement of 12 dwelling units in 2021 Regional Plan focuses proximity to the NCTD transit resources is heavily on the conversion to clean consistent with the 2021 Regional Plan's efforts transportation and a shift from to shift from personal vehicle dependency. personal vehicle dependency through the 5 Big Moves. Climate Adaptation and The 2021 Regional Plan aims to No Conflict. The project would not impact Resilience better prepare San Diego regional efforts to implement actions related to communities and habitats for climate adaptation. Further, the development climate change impacts by would occur in an urban setting that has been considering evacuation and rapid identified by the City's General Plan and zoning mobility needs in our transit as appropriate for development and is on a corridors, evaluating and previously disturbed portion of the property considering climate vulnerabilities outside the hardline preserve areas of the draft to the region's transportation Habitat Conservation Plan. Thus, consistent with infrastructure, and using natural the 2021 Regional Plan, the project would not lands and conservation to absorb impact the utilization of natural lands to absorb and protect against climate and protect against climate change impacts. change impacts. Electric Vehicles SANDAG aims to incentivize and No Conflict. The project would provide six EV encourage the incorporation of all charging stations on-site and all garages would types of EVs into Flexible Fleets, be wired for installation of EV charging systems. Transit Leap, and goods movement and to support funding programs that increase the City of Carlsbad 48 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study number of EVs and charging stations throughout the region and within Mobility Hubs and as part of the Complete Corridor strategy Parking and Curb The 2021 Regional Plan Management addresses curb management by proposing strategies to help balance competing and changing travel needs at the curb while remaining flexible to resident, employee, business, and visitor needs. Transportation Demand SANDAG will continue to Management administer and monitor the iCommute program by providing regional rideshare, employer outreach, and bike education and secure parking services to help reduce commute-related traffic congestion and vehicle miles traveled. Vision Zero Vision Zero is a national campaign to eliminate all traffic-related deaths and serious injuries by focusing on policies and the redesign of streets to create a transportation system that is safe for everyone. Fix It First The Fix It First strategy aims to repair existing roads and create a system for sustained maintenance in the future, creating a safe and efficient transportation network for all users. Transportation System TSMO includes the establishment Management and of institutional and governance Operations actions to help advance and facilitate cross-agency collaboration to ensure existing and proposed transportation systems are not operated or managed as independent systems but as a multimodal transportation system. 49 Not Applicable. The project would provide on-site parking and make all frontage improvements required by the City to ensure travel needs at the curb are met and off-site connectivity is maintained. Not Applicable. The project would not affect implementation of SANDAG's ongoing TOM programs. Not Applicable. The project would not affect SANDAG's initiative to redesign streets and modify the transportation system. No Conflict. The project would not affect SANDAG's goal related to the fix it first program. The project did not require a traffic study; and thus, will not generate the need for additional circulation improvements. Not Applicable. The project would not affect SANDAGs ability to create and manage a TSMO program. City of Carlsbad 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Value Pricing and User The 2021 Regional Plan explores Fees a network of Managed Lanes, a mileage-based road usage charge, a fee on the fares charged for rides provided by transportation network companies, and further subsidization of transit fares. Not Applicable. The project would not affect SANDAGs ability to create and manage a value pricing and user fee program. Sustaina,ble Communities Strategy (SCS )-Strategies Related to Reimagined Transportation System Complete Corridors Focuses on regional Not applicable. The project would have no affect transportation system including on the regional transportation system or managed lanes, rural corridors, SANDAGs efforts to improve the system. regional arterial network and other improvements. Transit Leap Provide new and expanded Not applicable. The project would have no affect transit services including on the provision of regional transit services. The commuter rail, light rail, high project would promote transit use as it is within speed rail, local buses and micro-½ mile of NCTD Bus Routes 315 and 325 and transit. less than ½ mile from the Carlsbad Village Station intermodal transit facility. Mobility Hubs Invest in a transportation mobility Not Applicable. The project would not impair network that focus on micro-SANDAG's ability to invest in the development mobility, rideshare and micro-of mobility hubs. transit and other features that promote the development of mobility hubs. Next OS Next OS is the digital network that Not Applicable. The project would not impair maximizes the efficiency and SANDAG's ability to develop and/or expand the effectiveness of the other Big Next OS infrastructure. Moves-Complete Corridors, Transit Leap, Mobility Hubs, and Flexible Fleets-to make the entire transportation system work at its peak potential. Active Transportation This strategy would develop a Not Applicable. The project would not impair the network to make critical ability of SANDAG to implement the active connections along Complete transportation system. Corridors and other streets, providing people with safe and convenient ways to connect to and from Transit Leap services and many other destinations within and between Mobility Hubs. Climate Strategies This strategy focuses on No Conflict. As disclosed throughout this report, measures to mitigate climate the project would not impact regional efforts to change and adapt to inevitable implement actions related to climate adaptation. impacts will make our region more resilient. Resilience is defined as "the ability to prepare City of Carlsbad 50 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project A ir Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study for changing conditions and withstand, respond to, and recover rapidly from disruptions. Innovative Demand Innovative demand and system and System management strategies are Management programs that encourage and support a choice of alternatives to driving alone. These alternatives include working remotely, carpooling, vanpooling, and choosing transit or active transportation. Source: SANDAG 2021 . Conclusion Not Applicable. The project would not impair the ability of SANDAG to implement an innovative demand and system management program. However, the project would generally encourage the choice of alternatives to driving alone as it is within ½ mile of the Carlsbad Village Station and NCTD Bus Routes 315 and 325. As stated herein, the project woul d remove two existing single-family residences, vegetation and various outbuildings and construct 12 new three-story units within four triplex buildings. The units would range between 2,176 and 2,302 square feet. Each unit would have an attached two-car garage and private open space. A total of six EV ready parking spaces will be provided and all garages will be EV wired. Would the project conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan? The project is consistent wjth the Pine-Tyler Mixed Use are of the Village and Barrio Master Plan and is anticipated in the local p lans and SANDAG's population and employment growth projections. Thus, the project would be within SANDAG's population growth forecast and would not conflict with the SIP and RAQS. Would the project result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is in non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard? Project construction and operational emissions would not exceed the SDAPCD thresholds. Thus, the project would not result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is in non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard. Would the project expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations? The project would not cause or contribute to CO hot spots or otherwise expose receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations during construction or operations. City of Carlsbad 51 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study Would the project result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people? The project would provide 12 new residential units, associated parking and related infrastructure improvements. These uses would not result in other emissions (such as those leading to odors) adversely affecting a substantial number of people. Would the project generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment? The proposed project would generate annual GHG emissions; however, the emissions would not exceed the 900 MT CO2e annual screening threshold. Would the project conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases? The project would not conflict with the City of Carlsbad Climate Action Plan, 2017 and 2022 CARB Scoping Plans and the SANDAG Regional Plan; San Diego Forward. Impacts related to air quality and greenhouse gas emissions would be less than significant based on information presented herein and in the project materials. City of Carlsbad 52 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study REFERENCES Association of Environmental Professionals. California Environmental Qualitt; Act (CEQA) Statute and Guidelines. 2021 California Air Pollution Control Officers Association. CEQA and Climate Change: Addressing Climate Change through California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). January 2008. California Air Pollution Control Officers Association. California Emission Estimator Model version 2022.1.1.22, May 2024. California Air Resources Board. Ambient Air Quality Standards. Updated February, 2016. http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/clean-air-plans/air-quality-management- plans/naaqs-caaqs-feb2016.pdf California Air Resources Board, Maps of State and Federal Area Designations, https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/documents/maps-state-and-federal-area- designa tions? corr California Air Resources Board. 2020, 2021, & 2022 Annual Air Quality Data Summaries. http://www.arb.ca.gov/adam/topfour/topfourl .php. Accessed May 2024. California Air Resources Board, California Greenhouse Gas Emissions for 2000 to 2018, 2020 Edition. https://ww3.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/pubs/reports/2000_2018/ghg_inventory _trends_00- 18.pdf California Air Resources Board. June 2017. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data Inventory Program. Available: https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/inventory.htm California Air Resources Board. April 2012. Greenhouse Gas Inventory Data -2020 Emissions Forecast. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory /data/forecast.htm California Air Resources Board. May 2014. 2020 Business As Usual Emission Projection, 2014 Edition. Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory /data/tables/2020 _bau_fo recast_by _scoping_ categor y _2014-05-22.pdf California Air Resources Board. June 2015. Greenhouse Gas Emissions inventory-2015 Edition Available: http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/data/data.htm California Climate Action Registry General Reporting Protocol, Reporting Entity-Wide Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Version 3.1, January 2009. City of Carlsbad 53 3215-3225 Tyler Street Residential Project Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Study California Environmental Protection Agency, March 2006. Climate Action Team Report to Governor Schwrrrzenegger and the Legislature. http://www.dimated1ange.ca.gov/climate_action_team/reports/2006-04- 03_FINAL_CAT_REPORT_EXECSUMMARY.PDF City of Carlsbad. Carlsbad Climate Action Plan. September 2015, Updated April 2020. City of Carlsbad. Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) Analysis Guidelines, May 2023. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [fPCC]. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. [Kroeze, C.; Mosier, A.; Nevison, C.; Oenema, O.; Seitzinger, S.; Cleemput, 0. van; Conrad, R.; Mitra, A.P.; H.V., Neue; Sass, R.]. Paris: OECD, 1997. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC]. Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report, 2014. Office of the California Attorney General. The California Environmental Quality Act, Addressing Global Warming Impacts at the Local Agency Level. Updated May 21, 2008. http://ag.ca.gov/globalwarming/pdf/GW _mitigation_measures.pdf United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions 1111.d Sinks: 1990-2010. U.S. EPA #430-R-11-005. April 2012. http://www.epa.gov/clima techange/emission s/usinventoryreport .html United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2015. U.S. EPA #430-P-17-001. April 2017. https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/in ventory-us-green house-gas-emissions-and-sjnks- 1990-2015 United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2019, V. S. EPA #430-R-21-00J. February 2021 City of Carlsbad 54 Appendix A CalEEMod Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Model Results - Summer/ Annual 3.3. Site Preparation (2025) -Unmitigated 3.4. Site Preparation (2025) -Mitigated 3.5. Grading (2025) -Unmitigated 3.6. Grading (2025) -Mitigated 3.7. Building Construction (2025) -Unmitigated 3.8. Building Construction (2025) -Mitigated 3.9. Paving (2025) -Unmitigated 3.10. Paving (2025) -Mitigated 3.11. Architectural Coating (2025) -Unmitigated 3.12. Architectural Coating (2025) -Mitigated 4. Operations Emissions Details 4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use 4.1.1. Unmitigated 4.1 .2. Mitigated 4.2. Energy 4.2.1. Electricity Emissions By Land Use -Unmitigated 4.2.2. Electricity Emissions By Land Use -Mitigated 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 2/75 4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use -Unmitigated 4.2.4. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use -Mitigated 4.3. Area Emissions by Source 4.3.1. Unmitigated 4.3.2. Mitigated 4.4. Water Emissions by Land Use 4.4.1. Unmitigated 4.4.2. Mitigated 4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use 4.5.1. Unmitigated 4.5.2. Mitigated 4.6. Refrigerant Emissions by Land Use 4.6.1. Unmitigated 4.6.2. Mitigated 4.7. Offroad Emissions By Equipment Type 4.7.1 . Unmitigated 4.7.2. Mitigated 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 3/ 75 4.8. Stationary Emissions By Equipment Type 4.8.1. Unmitigated 4.8.2. Mitigated 4.9. User Defined Emissions By Equipment Type 4.9.1. Unmitigated 4.9.2. Mitigated 4.10. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type 4.10.1. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type -Unmitigated 4.10.2. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type -Unmitigated 4.10.3. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species -Unmitigated 4.10.4. Soil Carbon Accumulation By Vegetation Type -Mitigated 4.10.5. Above and Belowground Carbon Accumulation by Land Use Type -Mitigated 4.1 0.6. Avoided and Sequestered Emissions by Species -Mitigated 5. Activity Data 5. 1. Construction Schedule 5.2. Off-Road Equipment 5.2.1. Unmitigated 4175 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 5.2.2. Mitigated 5.3. Construction Vehicles 5.3.1. Unmitigated 5.3.2. Mitigated 5.4. Vehicles 5.4.1. Construction Vehicle Control Strategies 5.5. Architectural Coatings 5.6. Dust Mitigation 5.6.1. Construction Earthmoving Activities 5.6.2. Construction Earthmoving Control Strategies 5.7. Construction Paving 5.8. Construction Electricity Consumption and Emissions Factors 5.9. Operational Mobile Sources 5.9.1 . Unmitigated 5.9.2. Mitigated 5.10. Operational Area Sources 5.10.1. Hearths 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 5/75 5.10.1.1. Unmitigated 5.10.1.2. Mitigated 5.10.2. Architectural Coatings 5.10.3. Landscape Equipment 5.10.4. Landscape Equipment -Mitigated 5.11 . Operational Energy Consumption 5.11 .1. Unmitigated 5.11 .2. Mitigated 5.12. Operational Water and Wastewater Consumption 5.12.1. Unmitigated 5.12.2. Mitigated 5.13. Operational Waste Generation 5.13.1. Unmitigated 5.13.2. Mitigated 5.14. Operational Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Equipment 5.14.1. Unmitigated 5.14.2. Mitigated 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 6/75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 % Reduced Average Daily (Max) Unmit. 0.42 1.79 2.47 < 0.005 0.07 0.06 0.14 0.07 0.02 0.09 461 461 0.02 0.01 0.06 464 Mil. 0.42 1.79 2.47 < 0.005 0.07 0.06 0.14 O.Q7 0.02 0.09 461 461 0.02 0.01 0.06 464 % Reduced Annual (Max) Unmit. 0.08 0.33 0.45 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 0.03 O.Q1 < 0.005 0.02 76.4 76.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 76.8 Mil. 0.08 0.33 0.45 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 < 0.005 0.02 76.4 76.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 76.8 % Reduced 2.2. Construction Emissions by Year, Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) ----•i~l11i•liiih·i■ i4i~ii•~a-iii:S-t◄Ellllllllllal-mlll Year ROG Daily- Summer (Max) 2025 2.53 6.10 8.58 0.01 0.25 0.15 0.34 0.23 0.03 0.25 1,569 1,569 0.06 0.02 0.62 1,577 Daily- Winter (Max) 2025 1.12 10.1 10.4 0.02 0.46 5.38 5.84 0.43 2.58 3.01 1,781 1,781 0.07 0.03 0.02 1,788 Average Daily 2025 0.42 1.79 2.47 < 0.005 0.07 0.06 0.14 0.07 0.02 0.09 461 461 0.02 0.01 0.06 464 Annual 11 / 75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Waste 4.71 0.00 4.71 0.47 0.00 16.5 Refrig. 0.09 0.09 Total 0.78 0.35 3.80 001 0.01 0.62 0.63 0.01 0.16 0.17 5.52 875 880 0.60 0.03 2.80 907 Daily, Winter (Max) Mobile 0.41 0.33 2.93 0.01 0.01 0.62 0.63 0.01 0.16 0.16 709 709 0.04 0.03 0.07 718 Area 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Energy < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 126 126 0.01 < 0.005 127 Water 0.81 4.97 5.78 0.08 < 0.005 8.45 Waste 4.71 0.00 4.71 0.47 0.00 16.5 Refrig. 0.09 0.09 Total 0.70 0.38 2.94 0.01 0.01 0.62 0.63 0.01 0.16 0.17 5.52 840 846 0.60 0.03 0.16 870 Average Daily Mobile 0.36 0.30 2.62 0.01 0.01 0.55 0.55 < 0.005 0.14 0.14 639 639 0.03 0.03 1.05 649 Area 0.33 < 0.005 0.34 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.90 0.90 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.90 Energy < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 126 126 0.01 < 0.005 127 Water 0.81 4.97 5.78 0.08 < 0.005 8.45 Waste 4.71 0.00 4.71 0.47 0.00 16.5 Refrig. 0.09 0.09 Total 0.69 0.34 2.97 0.01 0.01 0.55 0.56 0.01 0.14 0.15 5.52 771 777 0.60 0.03 1.14 801 Annual Mobile 0.07 0.05 0.48 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.10 0.10 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 106 106 0.01 < 0.005 0.17 107 Area 0.06 < 0.005 0.06 < 0.005 <0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.15 0.15 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.15 Energy < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 20.9 20.9 < 0.005 < 0.005 21 .0 Water 0.13 0.82 0.96 0.01 < 0.005 1.40 Waste 0.78 0.00 0.78 0.08 0.00 2.73 Refrig. 0.02 0.02 14/75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Demolitio 0.18 0.18 0.03 0.03 n Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Average Daily Off-Road 0.01 0.12 0.15 < 0.005 <0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 23.3 23.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 23.4 Equipmen1 Demolitio < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 n Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Annual Off-Road < 0.005 0.02 0.03 <0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 3.87 3.87 < 0.005 < 0.005 3.88 Equipmen1 Demolitio < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 n Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Offsite Daily, Summer (Max) Daily, Winter (Max) Worker 0.04 0.03 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.02 89.6 89.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 90.8 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 0.21 0.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.04 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 151 151 0.01 0.02 0,01 158 Average Daily Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.48 2.48 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.51 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17175 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Off-Road < 0.005 0.02 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 3.87 3.87 < 0.005 < 0.005 3.88 Equipment Demolitio < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 n Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Offsite Dally, Summer (Max) Daily, Winter (Max) Worker 0.04 0.03 0.41 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.02 89.6 89.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 90.8 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 0.21 0.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.04 < 0.005 0.01 0.01 151 151 0.01 0.02 0.01 158 Average Daily Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.48 2.48 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.51 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 O.Q1 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 4.13 4.13 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 4.34 Annual Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.41 0.41 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.42 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.68 0.68 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.72 3.3. Site Preparation (2025) -Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) ;..;;;;./,l·-----i#BH+MiiMMMiHii◄iHl·lii&iii•a-Hl=H-►W-11111111-- Onsite 19 / 75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Daily, Summer (Max) Daily, Winter (Max) Off-Road 0.47 4.16 5.57 0.01 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.20 859 859 0.03 0.01 862 Equipmen1 Dust 0.53 0.53 0.06 0.06 From Material Movement Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Average Daily Off-Road < 0.005 0.01 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.35 2.35 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.36 Equipmen1 Dust < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 From Material Movement Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Annual Off-Road < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.39 0.39 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.39 Equipmen1 Dust < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 From Material Movement Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Offsite 20 /75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Daily, Summer (Max) Daily, Winter (Max) Worker 0.02 0.02 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 44.8 44.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 45.4 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average Daily Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.12 0.12 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.13 Vendor 0.00 0.00 000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.4. Site Preparation (2025) -Mitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual} •··Mili·iii-allll -1111!1@&ii·i·l·Pili·i■1@1¥◄ aza.1ii=M•◄-----NOx CO onsite Daily, Summer (Max) Daily, Winter (Max) Off-Road 0.47 Equipment 4.16 5.57 0.01 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.20 859 859 0.03 0.01 862 21 / 75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Dust 0.53 0.53 0.06 0.06 From Material Movement Onslte 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Average Daily Off-Road < 0.005 0.01 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.35 2.35 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.36 Equipmenl Dust < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 From Material Movement Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Annual Off-Road < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.39 0.39 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.39 Equipmen1 Dust < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 From Material Movement Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Offsite Daily, Summer (Max) Daily, Winter (Max) Worker 0.02 0.02 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.01 44.8 44.8 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 45.4 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 22/75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Average Daily Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.12 0.12 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.13 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.5. Grading (2025) -Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) ;..;;;;.;;; ---iH41◄iH41·1i@Uiii•IIIII NBC02 C02T ----Onsite Daily, Summer (Max) Daily, Winter (Max) Off-Road 1.09 10.1 10.0 0.02 0.46 0.46 0.43 0.43 1,714 1,714 0.07 0.01 1,720 Equipmen1 Dust 5.31 5.31 2.57 2.57 From Material Movement Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Average Daily Off-Road 0.01 0.06 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 9.39 9.39 < 0.005 < 0.005 9.42 Equipmen1 23/75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Dust 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 From Material Movement Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Annual Off-Road < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.55 1.55 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.56 Equipmen1 Dust 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 From Material Movement Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Offsite Daily, Summer (Max) Daily, Winter (Max) Worker 0.03 0.03 0.30 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.01 0.01 67.2 67.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 68.1 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Average Daily Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.37 0.37 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.38 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.06 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.06 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 24/75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.6. Grading (2025) -Mitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) ;;.;;;;;.;;;----•4HM i#iii·i·l·HIMMi#friiMi41~¥·1i4¥4ii•a-iii4❖tW-1111EII-- Onsite Daily, Summer (Max) Daily, Winter (Max) Off-Road 1.09 10.1 10.0 0.02 046 0.46 0.43 0.43 1,714 1,714 0.07 0.01 1,720 Equipmen1 Dust 5.31 5.31 2.57 2.57 From Material Movement Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Average Daily Off-Road 0.01 0.06 0.06 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 9.39 9.39 < 0.005 < 0.005 9.42 Equipmen1 Dust 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 From Material Movement Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Annual Off-Road < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.55 1.55 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.56 Equipmen1 25 /75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 3.54 3.54 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 3.59 Vendor < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 <0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.46 1.46 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.52 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.9. Paving (2025) -Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) •+i¥\ii·i!P·.a;---•PMl-i·Mii@iii•B-iii=B+WBlll_lal __ PM10E PM100 Onsite Daily, Summer (Max) Off-Road 0.51 4.37 5.31 0.01 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 823 823 0.03 0.01 826 Equipmen1 Paving 0.06 Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Daily, Winter (Max) Average Daily Off-Road 0.01 0.06 0.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 11.3 11.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 11.3 Equipmen1 Paving < 0.005 Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Annual Off-Road < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.87 1.87 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.87 Equipmen1 30 /75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Off-Road 0.51 4.37 5.31 0.01 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 823 823 0.03 0.01 826 Equipmen1 Paving 0.06 Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Daily, Winter (Max) Average Daily Off-Road 0.01 0.06 0.07 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 11.3 11.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 11.3 Equipmen1 Paving < 0.005 Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Annual Off-Road < 0.005 0.01 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.87 1.87 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.87 Equipmen1 Paving < 0.005 Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Offsite Daily, Summer (Max) Worker 0.07 0.05 0.81 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.15 0.00 0.03 0.03 166 166 0.01 0.01 0.62 169 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily, Winter (Max) Average Daily 32/75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.17 2.17 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.20 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.36 0.36 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.36 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.11. Architectural Coating (2025) -Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) ■i·MM·i:l·all----ii~ii+Mi#iiMMii❖iiMi#Uii·lii41-ii•Zauil:S-►M--IBII-- Onsite Daily, Summer (Max) Off-Road 0.13 0.88 1.14 < 0.005 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 134 134 0.01 < 0.005 134 Equipmen1 Architectu 1.84 ral Coatings Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Daily, Winter (Max) Average Daily Off-Road 0.02 0.11 0.14 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 16.1 16.1 < 0.005 < 0.005 16.2 Equipmen1 Architectu 0.22 ral Coatings 33/75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Annual Off-Road < 0.005 0.02 0.03 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.66 2.66 < 0.005 < 0.005 2.67 Equipmen1 Architectu 0.04 ral Coatings Onsite 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 truck Offsite Daily, Summer (Max) Worker 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 16.4 16.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.06 16.6 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily, Winter (Max) Average Daily Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.88 1.88 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.91 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 000 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.31 0.31 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.32 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.12. Architectural Coating (2025) -Mitigated 34/75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Daily, Summer (Max) Worker 0.01 0.01 0.08 0.00 0.00 O.Q1 0.01 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 16.4 16.4 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.06 16.6 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Daily, Winter (Max) Average Daily Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 0.01 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.88 1.88 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.91 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annual Worker < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.31 0.31 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.32 Vendor 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hauling 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4. Operations Emissions Details 4.1. Mobile Emissions by Land Use 4.1.1. Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) Bi,i·l•i•--lma•#BiM·liWiMNiHIM•Hfii·MfiUiil-a-iii4❖►W1all ___ _ NOx CO Daily, Summer (Max) 36/75 Daily, Winter (Max) Apartmen ts Low Rise Parking Lot Total Annual Apartmen ts Low Rise Parking Loi Total 4.2.2. Electricity Emissions By Land Use -Mitigated 67.6 6.65 74.3 11.2 1.10 12.3 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 67.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 67.9 6.65 < 0.005 < 0.005 6.67 74.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 74.5 11 .2 < 0.005 < 0.005 11 .2 1.10 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.10 12.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 12.3 Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) •IM·l'i•------•HiN·MfHiMMfi4iMfiMi·lfiiiilS.fii:M-►W1-la_lllll __ Daily, Summer (Max) Apartmen ts Low Rise Parking Lot Total Daily, Winter (Max) 67.6 6.65 74.3 39/75 67.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 67.9 6.65 < 0.005 < 0.005 6.67 74.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 74.5 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Apartmen -67.6 67.6 < 0.005 < 0.005 67.9 ts Parking 6.65 6.65 < 0.005 < 0.005 6.67 Lot Total 74.3 74.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 74.5 Annual Apartmen 11.2 11.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 11.2 ts Low Rise Parking 1.10 1.10 < 0.005 < 0.005 1.10 Lot Total 12.3 12.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 12.3 4.2.3. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use -Unmitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) ;;;,;.;■i•llll----•4~111i•MiHh·iMi4Ui1Wi4¥i1·1ii¥iii•--Hi=A•Mlllll-lml R CO2e Daily, Summer (Max) Apartmen ts Low Rise Parking Lot Total Daily, Winter (Max) Apartmen ts Low Rise Parking Lot < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 <0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.2 52.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.2 52.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.3 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.2 52.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 40 /75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Total < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.2 52.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.3 Annual Apartmen < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 8.64 8.64 < 0.005 < 0.005 8.66 ts Low Rise Parking 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lot Total < 0.005 0.01 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 8.64 8.64 < 0.005 < 0.005 8.66 4.2.4. Natural Gas Emissions By Land Use - Mitigated Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) ;;;,;.;1@•:lllllll----•#Hh+F·#ilhMfiMii◄iHii·Mi#Uiii•--Hi:M•►MIIII---- Daily, Summer (Max) Apartmen < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.2 52.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.3 ts Low Rise Parking 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lot Total < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.2 52.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.3 Daily, Winter (Max) Apartmen < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.2 52.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.3 ts Low Rise Parking 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 000 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lot Total < 0.005 0.04 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.2 52.2 < 0.005 < 0.005 52.3 Annual 41 /75 Apartmen ts Parking Lot Total Daily, Winter (Max) Apartmen Is Low Rise Parking Lot Total Annual Apartmen - ts Low Rise Parking Lot Total 4.5. Waste Emissions by Land Use 4.5.1 . Unmitigated 0.65 0.00 0.65 0.65 0.00 0.65 0.11 0.00 0.11 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 3.96 4.60 0.07 < 0.005 6.74 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 3.98 4.62 0.07 < 0.005 6.76 3.96 4.60 0.07 < 0.005 6.74 0.02 0.02 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.02 3.98 4.62 0.07 < 0.005 6.76 0.65 0.76 0.01 < 0.005 1.12 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 < 0.005 0.66 0.77 O.D1 < 0.005 1.12 Criteria Pollutants (lb/day for daily, ton/yr for annual) and GHGs (lb/day for daily, MT/yr for annual) ·iiii·l·M•------i#iiM·liHiMMfH\iMiH~i·li#¥JilaaHi=B•►W1al-mll-EIII Daily, Summer (Max) Apartmen ts Low Rise 4.71 46 /75 0.00 4.71 0.47 0.00 16.5 Building Construction Paving Architectural Coating Building Construction Paving Architectural Coating 5.2. Off-Road Equipment 5.2.1 . Unmitigated Pl,ase Name Equipment Type Demolition Concrete/Industrial Saws Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers Demolition Tractors/Loaders/Backh oes Site Preparation Graders Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backh oes Grading Graders Grading Rubber Tired Dozers Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backh oes Building Construction Cranes Building Construction Forklifts Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backh oes Paving Cement and Mortar Mixers Paving Pavers Paving Rollers Paving Tractors/Loaders/Backh oes 1/22/2025 6/12/2025 4/11/2025 6/11/2025 6/19/2025 6/11/2025 Fuel Type Engine Tier Diesel Average Diesel Average Diesel Average Diesel Average Diesel Average Diesel Average Diesel Average Diesel Average Diesel Average Diesel Average Diesel Average Diesel Average Diesel Average Diesel Average Diesel Average 5.00 5.00 5.00 Number per Day 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 58 /75 Hours Per Day 8.00 1.00 6.00 8.00 8.00 6.00 6.00 7.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 6.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 100 5.00 44.0 Horsepower 33.0 367 84.0 148 84.0 148 367 84.0 367 82.0 84.0 10.0 81.0 36.0 84.0 Load Factor 0.73 0.40 0.37 0.41 0.37 0.41 0.40 0.37 0.29 0.20 0.37 0.56 0.42 0.38 0.37 Architectural Coating Air Compressors Diesel 5.2.2. Mitigated Phase Name Equipment Type Fuel Type Demolition Concrete/Industrial Diesel Saws Demolition Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Demolition Tractors/Loaders/Backh Diesel oes Site Preparation Graders Diesel Site Preparation Tractors/Loaders/Backh Diesel oes Grading Graders Diesel Grading Rubber Tired Dozers Diesel Grading Tractors/Loaders/Backh Diesel oes Building Construction Cranes Diesel Building Construction Forklifts Diesel Building Construction Tractors/Loaders/Backh Diesel oes Paving Cement and Mortar Diesel Mixers Paving Pavers Diesel Paving Rollers Diesel Paving Tractors/Loaders/Backh Diesel oes Architectural Coating Air Compressors Diesel 5.3. Construction Vehicles Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Average Average 1.00 Number per Day 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 4.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 59/75 6.00 Hours Pe, Day 8.00 1.00 6.00 8.00 8.00 6.00 6.00 7.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 6.00 7.00 7.00 7.00 6.00 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 37.0 0.48 Horsepower Load Factor 33.0 0.73 367 0.40 84.0 0.37 148 0.41 84.0 0.37 148 0.41 367 0.40 84.0 0.37 367 0.29 82.0 0.20 84.0 0.37 10.0 0.56 81 .0 0.42 36.0 0.38 84.0 0.37 37.0 0.48 Conventional Wood Stoves Catalytic Wood Stoves Non-Catalytic Wood Stoves Pellet Wood Stoves 5.10.2. Architectural Coatings Residential Exterior Area Coated (sq ft) 25758 5.10.3. Landscape Equipment Season Snow Days Summer Days 8,586 5.10.4. Landscape Equipment -Mitigated Season Snow Days Summer Days 5.11. Operational Energy Consumption 5.11.1. Unmitigated Unit day/yr day/yr day/yr day/yr 0 0 0 0 Non-Res1dent1al Interior Area Coated (sq ft) 0.00 Electricity (kWh/yr) and CO2 and CH4 and N2O and Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) Land Use Apartments Low Rise Parking Lot Electr1c1ty (kWh/yr) 41 ,919 4,121 589 589 0.0330 0.0330 65/75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Non-Res1dent1al Exterior Area Coated (sq ft) 0.00 Value 0.00 180 Value 0.00 180 0.0040 0.0040 Parking Area Coated (sq ft) 282 Natural Gas (kBTU/yr) 162,785 0.00 5.16. Stationary Sources 5.16.1. Emergency Generators and Fire Pumps Equipment Type Fuel Type Number per Day 5.16.2. Process Boilers Equipment Type Fuel Type Number 5.17. User Defined Equipment Type 5.18. Vegetation 5.18.1. Land Use Change 5.18.1 .1. Unmitigated Vegetation Land Use Type 5.18.1.2. Mitigated Vegetation Land Use Type 5.18.1. Biomass Cover Type 5.18.1.1. Unmitigated Biomass Cover Type .. Vegetation S011 Type I nit,al Acres 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 Hours per Day Hours per Year Horsepower t • I • t Boiler Rating (MMBtu/hr) Daily Heat Input (MMBtulday) Annual Heal Input (MMBtulyr) Fuel Type Initial Acres Final Acres Initial Acres Final Acres Final Acres 68/75 Sensitive Population Asthma Cardio-vascular Low Birth Weights Socioeconomic Factor Indicators Education Housing Linguistic Poverty Unemployment 7.2. Healthy Places Index Scores 10.6 30.4 11.8 51.2 45.6 18.1 66.4 37.7 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024 The maximum Health Places Index score is 100. A high score (i.e., greater than 50) reflects healthier community conditions compared to other census tracts in the state. Indicator Result for Pro1ect Census Tract Economic Above Poverty 43.59040164 Employed 47.8121391 Median HI 35.63454382 Education Bachelor's or higher 53.18875914 High school enrollment 3.028358784 Preschool enrollment 11.35634544 Transportation Auto Access 33.27345053 Active commuting 58.38573078 Social 2-parent households 22.80251508 72 /75 Voting Neighborhood Alcohol availability Park access Retail density Supermarket access Tree canopy Housing Homeownership Housing habitability Low-inc homeowner severe housing cost burden Low-inc renter severe housing cost burden Uncrowded housing Health Outcomes Insured adults Arthritis Asthma ER Admissions High Blood Pressure Cancer (excluding skin) Asthma Coronary Heart Disease Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Diagnosed Diabetes Life Expectancy at Birth Cognitively Disabled Physically Disabled Heart Attack ER Admissions 60.81098422 33.06813807 56.25561401 80.14885153 72.16732965 38.05979725 10. 75324009 43.65456179 94.44373155 62.20967535 34.55665341 20.10778904 29.1 76.3 63.5 24.3 46.1 23.5 29.1 58.5 70.8 39.7 49.3 87.2 73 I 75 3215 Tyler Street Detailed Report, 6/24/2024