HomeMy WebLinkAboutCT 2024-0001; TYLER STREET HOMES - SB 330; ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT; 2024-04-01Table of Contents
Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 Project Description ....................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 Project Location ............................................................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Regulatory Framework ................................................................................................................................ 5
2 Background Research ........................................................................................................................................ 11
2.1 CHRIS Records Search .............................................................................................................................. 11
2.2 Native American Scoping ....................................................................................................................... 17
3 Environmental Setting ....................................................................................................................................... 25
4 Cultural Setting .................................................................................................................................................... 27
4.1 Prehistoric Context .................................................................................................................................... 27
4.2 Ethnographic Context .............................................................................................................................. 30
4.3 Historic Context .......................................................................................................................................... 32
5 Archaeological Survey ....................................................................................................................................... 34
5.1 Methods ........................................................................................................................................................ 34
5.2 Results ............................................................................................................................................................ 38
6 Findings and Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 44
6.1 Summary of Findings ............................................................................................................................... 44
6.2 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................... 44
6.3 Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................. 45
7 References ............................................................................................................................................................. 46
Appendix A: CONFIDENTIAL SCIC Records Search Results
Appendix B: Sacred Lands File Search and Native American Scoping Letters
Append ix C: Isolate DPR Form
Appendix D: Resumes for Qualified Staff
Figures
Figure 1. Project Location ............................................................................................................................................ 3
Figure 2. Project Site Detail ......................................................................................................................................... 4
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Executive Summary
South Environmental was retained to prepare an archaeological survey report for the 3215-3225 Tyler
Street Project (project), located in the City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California. This analysis
includes the results of a California Historical Resources Information Center (CHRIS) records search of
the project site and a one-half (0.5)-mile radius from the South Coastal Information Center (SCI(); a
California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File search and informational
scoping letters to local tribes; and an intensive-level pedestrian survey of the project site by a qualified
archaeologist and Luiseno Native American monitor. This report was prepared in conformance with
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines § 15064.5 for historical resources and the
Carlsbad Tribal, Cultural, and Paleontologica/ Resources Guidelines (2017).
One isolated prehistoric artifact (TYLER-ISO-010), several marine shells, and a small concentration of
unmodified bone fragments were identified within the project site as a result of the intensive-level
archaeological survey. However, no unique archaeological or historical resources, as defined by CEQA,
were identified within the project site. A review of the records search, archaeological literature, NAHC
Sacred Lands File search results, and responses from Native American contacts indicates that the
project site is in an area that is highly sensitive for prehistoric archaeological resources, and it is
possible to encounter resources during project-related ground disturbance. Implementation of the
recommendations in Section 6.2 for archaeological and Native American monitoring during ground
disturbance will ensure that any cultural resources or human remains identified during construction
are handled appropriately such that impacts to archaeological resources and human remains are less
than significant.
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1 Introduction
South Environmental was retained to prepare an archaeological survey report for the 3215-3225 Tyler
Street Project {project), located in the City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California. This analysis
includes the results of a California Historical Resources Information Center (CHRIS) records search of
the project site and a one-half (0.5)-mile radius from the South Coastal Information Center (SCI(); a
California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File search and informational
scoping letters to local tribes; and an intensive-level pedestrian survey of the project site by a qualified
archaeologist and Luisefio Native American representative. This report was prepared in conformance
with California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Guidelines § 15064.5 for historical resources and the
Carlsbad Tribal, Cultural, and Paleontologica/ Resources Gutdelines(2017).
This report was prepared by South Environmental Archaeologist Beth Limahelu, BS and Archaeological
Principal Investigator Samantha Murray, MA, RPA who meet the Secretary of the Interior's Professional
Qualification Standards for Archaeology. Resumes for Ms. Limahelu and Ms. Murray are provided in
Appendix D.
1.1 Project Description
The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct 12 new three
story units situated within 4 triplex buildings each with a private two car attached garage on a 0.53-
acre lot. The maximum depth of disturbance for the proposed project is estimated to be 3 feet below
the ground surface.
1 .2 Project Location
The project site is identified as 3215-3225 Tyler Street on Assessor's Parcel Number (APN) 204-010-
09-00 in the City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California and found within Section 6 of Township 12
South and Range 4 West on the San Luis Rey 7.5-Minute United States Geological Survey (USGS)
Quadrangle Map (Figure 1). The project site is located at the southwest corner of Tyler Street and Pine
Avenue, between Interstate-5 Freeway to the east and the LOSSAN rail corridor to the west (Figure 2).
1.3 Regulatory Framework
1.3.1 State
California Register of Historical Resources
In California, the term "historical resource" includes but is not limited to "any object, building, structure,
site, area, place, record, or manuscript which is historically or archaeologically significant, or is
significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social,
political, military, or cultural annals of California" (California Public Resources Code Section 5020.lG)).
In 1992, the California legislature established the CRHR "to be used by state and local agencies, private
groups, and citizens to identify the state's historical resources and to indicate what properties are to
be protected, to the extent prudent and feasible, from substantial adverse change" (California Public
Resources Code Section 5024.l(a)). The criteria for listing resources on the CRHR were expressly
developed to be in accordance with previously established criteria developed for listing in the National
Register of Historic Places (NRHP), enumerated below. According to California Public Resources Code
Section 5024.l (c)(l-4), a resource is considered historically significant if it (i) retains "substantial
integrity," and (ii) meets at least one of the following criteria:
(1) Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad
patterns of California' s history and cultural heritage.
(2) Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past.
(3) Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of
construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses
high artistic values.
(4) Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history.
In order to understand the historic importance of a resource, sufficient time must have passed to obtain
a scholarly perspective on the events or individuals associated with the resource. A resource less than
50 years old may be considered for listing in the CRHR if it can be demonstrated that sufficient time
has passed to understand its historical importance (see 14 CCR 4852(d)(2)).
The CRHR protects cultural resources by requiring evaluations of the significance of prehistoric and
historic resources. The criteria for the CRHR are nearly identical to those for the NRHP, and properties
listed or formally designated as eligible for listing in the NRHP are automatically listed in the CRHR, as
are the state landmarks and points of interest. The CRHR also includes properties designated under
local ordinances or identified through local historical resource surveys.
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California Environmental Quality Act
As described further below, the following CEQA statutes and CEQA Guidelines are of relevance to the
analysis of archaeological, historic, and tribal cultural resources:
• California Public Resources Code Section 21083.2(9) defines "unique archaeological
resource."
• California Public Resources Code Section 21084.1 and CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.S(a}
define "historical resources." In addition, CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.S(b) defines the
phrase "substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource." It also
defines the circumstances when a project would materially impair the significance of an
historical resource.
• California Public Resources Code Section 21074(a) defines "tribal cultural resources."
• California Public Resources Code Section 5097.98 and CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.S(e) set
forth standards and steps to be employed following the accidental discovery of human remains
in any location other than a dedicated ceremony.
• California Public Resources Code Sections 21083.2(b)-(c) and CEQA Guidelines Section 15126.4
provide information regarding the mitigation framework for archaeological and historic
resources, including examples of preservation-in-place mitigation measures; preservation-in-
place is the preferred manner of mitigating impacts to significant archaeological sites because
it maintains the relationship between artifacts and the archaeological context and may also
help avoid conflict with religious or cultural values of groups associated with the archaeological
site(s).
More specifically, under CEQA, a project may have a significant effect on the environment if it may
cause "a substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource" (California Public
Resources Code Section 21084.1; CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.S(b).) If a site is either listed or
eligible for listing in the CRHR, or if it is included in a local register of historic resources or identified
as significant in a historical resources survey (meeting the requirements of California Public Resources
Code Section 5024.l(q)), it is a "historical resource" and is presumed to be historically or culturally
significant for purposes of CEQA (California Public Resources Code Section 21084.1; CEQA Guidelines
Section 15064.S(a)). The lead agency is not precluded from determining that a resource is a historical
resource even if it does not fall within this presumption (California Public Resources Code Section
21084.1; CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.S(a)).
A "substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource" reflecting a significant effect
under CEQA means "physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its
immediate surroundings such that the significance of an historical resource would be materially
impaired" (CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.S(b)(l); California Public Resources Code Section 5020.l(q)).
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In turn, CEQA Guidelines section 15064.S(b)(2) states the significance of an historical resource is
materially impaired when a project:
1. Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics of an
historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its inclusion in, or
eligibility for, inclusion in the California Register of Historical Resources; or
2. Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics that
account for its inclusion in a local register of historical resources pursuant to section
5020.l(k) of the Public Resources Code or its identification in an historical resources survey
meeting the requirements of section 5024.l(g) of the Public Resources Code, unless the
public agency reviewing the effects of the project establishes by a preponderance of
evidence that the resource is not historically or culturally significant; or
3. Demolishes or materially alters in an adverse manner those physical characteristics of a
historical resource that convey its historical significance and that justify its eligibility for
inclusion in the California Register of Historical Resources as determined by a lead agency
for purposes of CEQA.
Pursuant to these sections, the CEQA inquiry begins with evaluating whether a project site contains
any "historical resources," then evaluates whether that project will cause a substantial adverse change
in the significance of a historical resource such that the resource's historical significance is materially
impaired.
If it can be demonstrated that a project will cause damage to a unique archaeological resource, the
lead agency may require reasonable efforts be made to permit any or all of these resources to be
preserved in place or left in an undisturbed state. To the extent that they cannot be left undisturbed,
mitigation measures are required (California PRC Section 21083.2[a], [b], and [cl).
California PRC Section 21083.2(9) defines a unique archaeological resource as an archaeological
artifact, object, or site about which it can be clearly demonstrated that without merely adding to the
current body of knowledge, there is a high probability that it meets any of the following criteria:
1. Contains information needed to answer important scientific research questions and that there
is a demonstrable public interest in that information.
2. Has a special and particular quality such as being the oldest of its type or the best available
example of its type.
3. Is directly associated with a scientifically recognized important prehistoric or historic event or
person.
Impacts to non-unique archaeological resources are generally not considered a significant
environmental impact (California PRC section 21083.2(a); CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.S(c)(4)).
However, if a non-unique archaeological resource qualifies as tribal cultural resource (California PRC
Section 21074(c), 21083.2(h)), further consideration of significant impacts is required. CEQA Guidelines
Section 15064.5 assigns special importance to human remains and specifies procedures to be used
when Native American remains are discovered. These procedures are detailed in California PRC Section
5097.98.
1.3.2 Local
City of Carlsbad M unicipal Code
Title 22 Historic Preservation: Chapter 22.02 General Regulation and Administration
It is t he intent and purpose of this title to:
A Effect and accomplish the protection, enhancement and perpetuation of historic resources
that represent or reflect elements of the city's cultural, social, economic, political and
architectural history;
B. Safeguard the city's historic heritage by encouraging preservation of its historic resources;
C. Stabilize and improve property values;
D. Foster civic pride in the character and accomplishments of the past;
E. Protect and enhance the city's historic attractions for residents, tourists and visitors and
serve as a support and stimulus to business and industry;
F. Strengthen the economy of the city;
G. Promote the use of historic districts and landmarks for the education, pleasure and welfare
of the people of the city.
Chapter 22.06 Historic Resources, Historic Landmarks and Historic Districts
22.06.020 Criteria for historic resources inventory
A historic resource may be considered and approved by council for inclusion in the historic resources
inventory based on one or more of the following:
A It exemplifies or reflects special elements of the city's cultural, social, economic, political,
aesthetic, engineering or architectural history; or
B. It is identified with persons or events significant in local, state or national history; or
C. It embodies distinctive characteristics of a style, type, period or method of construction, is
a valuable example of the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship or is representative
of a notable work of an acclaimed builder, designer or architect; or
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D. It is an archaeological, paleontological, botanical, geological, topographical, ecological or
geographical site which has the potential of yielding information of scientific value; or
E. It is a geographically definable area with a concentration of buildings, structures,
improvements, or objects linked historically through location, design, setting, materials,
workmanship, feeling and/or association, in which the collective value of the improvements
may be greater than the value of each individual improvement. (Ord. NS-433 § 3, 1997;
Ord. NS-141 § 5, 1991; Ord. 9776 § 1, 1985).
Arts, History, Culture, and Education Element of the General Plan
The Arts, History, Culture, and Education Element of the City's General Plan recognizes that an aesthetic
environment and connections to culture and education are essential characteristics of a community
that values its quality of life and wishes to be seen by its residents, neighbors and visitors as an
attractive and desirable place, addressing the needs of the human spirit. This element is intended to
enhance availability and accessibility of the arts for all residents, preservation of the important historic
and cultural elements that make Carlsbad unique, and educational opportunities for lifelong learning.
The following goal and policies regard the protection of historic resources in the City of Carlsbad:
Goals
• 7-G.1. Recognize, protect, preserve, and enhance the city's diverse heritage.
• 7-G.2. Make Carlsbad's history more visible and accessible to residents and visitors.
Policies
• 7-P.1. Prepare an updated inventory of historic resources in Carlsbad, with recommendations
for specific properties and districts to be designated in national, state, and local registries, if
determined appropriate and with agreement of the property owners.
• 7-P.2. Encourage the use of regional, state and federal programs that promote cultural
preservation to upgrade and redevelop properties with historic or cultural value. Consider
becoming a participant in the Mills Act tax incentive program.
• 7-P.3. Formalize a program of historical markers/plaques at resources in state and national
registers or of local importance.
• 7-P.4. Promote community education of historic resources, integration and celebration of such
resources as part of community events: a. Enhance the community's recognition that objects
of historic importance increase both fiscal and community value. b. Promote the use of historic
resources for the education, pleasure and welfare of the people of the city. Cooperate with
historic societies, schools, libraries, parks and community members to stimulate public interest
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in historic preservation. c. Maintain historical reference materials on file at the Carlsbad City
Library.
• 7-P.5. Encourage the rehabilitation of qualified historic structures through application of the
California Historical Building Code.
• 7-P.6. Ensure compliance with the City of Carlsbad Cultural Resource Guidelines to avoid or
substantially reduce impacts to historic structures listed or eligible to be listed in the National
Register of Historic Places or the California Register of Historical Resources.
• Policy 7-P.7 Implement the City of Carlsbad Cultural Resources Guidelines to avoid or
substantially reduce impacts to archaeological and paleontological resources.
• Policy 7-P.8 During construction of specific development projects, require monitoring of
grading, ground-disturbing, and other major earth-moving activities in previously undisturbed
areas or in areas with known archaeological or paleontological resources by a qualified
professional, as well as a tribal monitor during activities in areas with cultural resources of
interest to local Native American tribes. Both the qualified professional and tribal monitor shall
observe grading, ground-disturbing, and other earth-moving activities.
• Policy 7-P.9 Ensure that treatment of any cultural resources discovered during site grading
complies with the City of Carlsbad Cultural Resource Guidelines. Determination of the
significance of the cultural resource(s) and development and implementation of any data
recovery program shall be conducted in consultation with interested Native American tribes.
All Native American human remains and associated grave goods shall be returned to their
most likely descendent and repatriated. The final disposition of artifacts not directly associated
with Native American graves shall be negotiated during consultation with interested tribes; if
the artifact is not accepted by Native American tribes, it shall be offered to an institution staffed
by qualified professionals, as may be determined by the City Planner. Artifacts include material
recovered from all phases of work, including the initial survey, testing, indexing, data recovery,
and monitoring.
• Policy 7-P.10 Require consultation with the appropriate organizations and individuals (e.g.,
Information Centers of the California Historical Resources Information Systems [CHRIS], the
Native American Heritage Commission [NAHC], and Native American groups and individuals)
to minimize potential impacts to cultural resources that may occur as a result of a proposed
project.
• Policy 7-P.11 Prior to occupancy of any buildings, a cultural resource monitoring report
identifying all materials recovered shall be submitted to the City Planner.
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2 Background Research
2.1 CHRIS Records Search
On September 18, 2023, South Environmental requested a cultural resources records search of the
project site and a one-half (0.5)-mile search radius from the South Coastal Information Center (Sere),
which houses cultural resources records for San Diego County. The sere completed the search on
October 5, 2023. This search included their collections of mapped prehistoric and historic
archaeological resources and historic built-environment resources, State of California Department of
Parks and Recreation Site Records (DPR forms), technical reports, archival resources, and ethnographic
references. Additional consulted sources include historical maps of the study area, the NRHP, the
CRHR, the lists of California State Historical Landmarks, California Points of Historical Interest, and the
Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility list. The complete results of the records search are
presented in Confidential Appendix A.
2.1.1 Previously Conducted Cultural Resource Studies
The sere records search results indicate that three (3) previously conducted cultural resource studies
are within or adjacent to the project site. A summary of these studies is provided following Table 1. An
additional twenty-three (23) studies were identified outside the Project site within the 0.5-mile records
search radius. A list of all previously conducted studies identified within the records search radius is
provided in Table 1.
Table 1. Previous Cultural Resources Investigations Within 0.5-Mile of the Project Site
SCIC Proximity
Report Author Year Report Title to Project
Number Site
Draft Environmental Impact Report Revised Parks
Within
SD-04111 Seeman, Larry 1982 (Overlaps
and Recreation Element, Carlsbad, California entire site)
Byrd, Brian F. and
Archaeological Survey Report for the Phase I Within
SD-09361 2002 Archaeological Survey Along Interstate 5, San (Overlaps
Collin O'Neill Diego County, CA entire site)
Castells, Shelby, Adjacent
Shannon Davis, Cultural and Historical Resources Existing (Adjacent to
Sarah Stringer-Conditions and Evaluation Report for The Pacific southwest
SD-17218 Bowsher, Jennifer 2013 Surfliner Carlsbad Village Double-Track Project, edge of site)
Krintz, and San Diego County, California Sinead Ni
Ghabhlain
Outside
SD-00535 Cupples, Sue Ann 1976 Oceanside Harbor and Navigation Project: (1,154-ft
Archaeological Survey Report southwest
of the site)
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Table 1. Previous Cultural Resources Investigations Within 0.5-Mile of the Project Site
SCJC Proximity
Report Author Year Report Title to Project
Number Site
Woodward, Jim
Outside
SD-01638 and George 1985 Resource Inventory Cultural Resources San Diego (1,545-ft
Coast State Beaches southwest Stammerjohan of site)
Outside
SD-04483 Vanwormer, 1987 Historical Survey for the Carlsbad Union Church (1,021-ft
Steve and The Gaus House, Carlsbad, California northeast of
site)
Outside
SD-06629 Rosen, Martin 1999 Historic Property Survey Report Oceanside to San (244-ft
Diego-Rail to Trail southwest
of site)
Outside
SD-08487 Pallette, Drew 2003 Cultural Resources Study for The Proposed NCTD (2,496-ft
FAO Facility Project northwest
of the site)
The Cemeteries and Gravestones of San Diego Outside
SD-09516 Caterino, David 2005 (900-ft west County: An Archaeological Study of the site)
Outside
SD-10847 Various n/a Carlsbad Santa Fe Depot, 400 Carlsbad Village (541-ft
Drive (Elm Ave.), Carlsbad, California 92008 northwest
of the site)
Outside
SD-11269 The Carlsbad n/a Santa Fe Depot -Carlsbad (1,182-ft
Historical Society northwest
of the site)
Outside
SD-11761 Dominici, Deb 2007 Historic Property Survey Report, 1-5 North Coast (1,660-ft
Widening Project northeast of
the site)
Historic Property Survey Report for the Proposed Outside
SD-12693 Tang, Bai "Tom" 2009 Construction of a Second Mainline Track in the (222-ft
City of Carlsbad by the North County Transit southwest
District of the site)
Archaeological Survey Report: Carlsbad Double Outside
Hogan, Michael Track Project Control Point Carl (MP 229.3) to (220-ft
SD-12738 and Deirdre 2009 Control Point Farr (MP 231.7) North County Transit southwest
Encarnacion District Mainline San Diego County, California of the site)
Caltrans District 11
Table 1. Previous Cultural Resources Investigations Within 0.5-Mile of the Project Site
SCIC Proximity
Report Author Year Report Title to Project
Number Site
Outside
York, Andrew L. Cultural Resources Investigation in Support of (1,724-ft
SD-13488 and John 2011 Consultation for the Regional Beach Sand II Project west-
Hildebrand San Diego County, California northwest
of the site)
Interstate 5 North Coast Corridor Project
Outside
(1,902-ft
SD-13916 Caltrans 2012 Supplemental Draft Environmental Impact Report/ northeast of
Environmental Impact Statement the site)
Interstate 5 North Coast Corridor Project Final Outside
(1,092-ft
SD-14495 Caltrans 2013 Environmental Impact Report/ Environmental east of the Impact Statement and Section 4(F) Evaluation site)
Outside
SD-14615 Caltrans 2007 Interstate 5 Corridor Project Historic Property (1,517-ft
Survey Report and Supplementals east of t he
site)
Outside
Dominici, Deb
SD-16127 and Don 2008 2007 Cultural Resources Treatment Plan North (1,415-ft
Layland er Coast Interstate 5 Corridor northeast of
the site)
Sixth Supplemental Historic Property Survey Outside
(1,522-ft
SD-16131 Blake, Michelle 2013 Report (HPSR): Revised Area of Potential Effects east of the (APE) 1-5 North Coast Corridor site)
Cultural Resources Study for the Carlsbad Village Outside
Castells, Shelby (2,027-ft
SD-17196 Gunderman 2015 Drive Mixed Use Development Project, Carlsbad, northeast of San Diego County, California the site)
Stropes, Jennifer A Cultural Resources Study and a Paleontological Outside
R.K., George L. (411-ft
SD-17558 Kennedy, and 2018 Assessment for the Walnut Community Project, southeast of
Brian F. Smith Carlsbad, California the site)
Outside
SD-18323 Smith, Brian F. 2019 Historic Structure Assessment for the Carlsbad (1,745-ft
and J.R.K. Stropes Station Project, Carlsbad, California northeast of
the site)
Cultural and Paleontological Resources Monitoring Outside
SD-18580 Duke, Holly 2018 Compliance Report for the Carlsbad DKN Marriott (929-ft
Springhill Suites Hotel Project, City of Carlsbad, southwest
San Diego County, California of the site)
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Table 1. Previous Cultural Resources Investigations Within 0.5-Mile of the Project Site
SCIC Proximity
Report Author Year Report Title to Project
Number Site
Outside
SD-18968 Smith, Brian F. 2020 Historic Structure Assessment for 635 Pine Avenue, (266-ft
and J.R.K. Stropes Carlsbad, California southwest
of the site)
Outside
SD-19235 Daniels, James T. 2018 Cultural Resource Record Search for 3648 Carlsbad (2,482-ft
Blvd, Carlsbad, San Diego County, California southwest
of the site}
SD-04111
Draft Environmental Impact Report Revised Parks and Recreation Element Carlsbad, California (Seeman
1982). This Environmental Impact Report (EIR) was prepared by Iwanaga for the City of Carlsbad in
accordance with CEQA, State Guidelines, and City of Carlsbad implementation procedures as part of
the City's effort to revise their Parks and Recreation Development Program. The study covers Carlsbad's
sphere of influence which encompasses the entire project site. A comprehensive inventory of cultural
resources within the City of Carlsbad was completed by CPO (now SAN DAG) in April 1981. This study
included an extensive literature search and in-field surveys that revealed 101 archaeological sites
representing significant prehistoric cultural systems. The data indicates that at least three cultures
inhabited the area beginning at least 8,000 years ago. The majority of the sites are located on broad
mesa tops and along lagoon terraces. The report determined that the Carlsbad area is archaeologically
sensitive, however it was impossible to discern potential adverse impacts at this level of planning. It
states that if Standard City Conditions and Mitigation Measures are implemented during the planning
and development phases, significant adverse impacts should be avoided.
SD-09361
Archaeological SuNey Report for the Phase I Archaeological SuNey Along Interstate 5, San Diego
County, CA (EA 23580K, Contract No. 11A0398, B.F. Byrd and C. O'Neill 2002). This report was prepared
by ASM Affiliates, Inc for a proposed California Department of Transportation, District 11 (Caltrans)
lane management and upgrade project along approximately 20.5-miles (mi) of the Interstate 5 right-
of-way (ROW) between Del Mar and Camp Pendleton. The study conducted a cultural records search
with the SCIC and The San Diego Museum of Man that encompassed the current project site, however
none of the previous or newly recorded resources overlapped with the current project. The records
search included the ROW and a buffer which extended west-to the Pacific coast, 0.5-miles east of the
ROW, and 0.3 -mi around major lagoons and estuaries that were intersected by the ROW. The study
also included a pedestrian survey of the Area of Potential Effect (APE) extending 6.1 meters from both
edges of the pavement, which also does not overlap with the current project. As a result of the records
search and survey, a total of 22 sites and 7 isolates were identified within the ROW, all of which were
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prehistoric. The pedestrian survey relocated 12 of these resources and identified an additional 2 sites
and 7 isolates. The nearest of these sites are CA-SDI-628, approximately 1-mi to the north, and CA-
SDI-10965, approximately 0.9-mi southeast of the project site. Management considerations were not
discussed.
SD-17218
Cultural and Historical Resources Existing Conditions and Evaluation Report for the Pacific
Surf/Iner Carlsbad Village Double-Track Project, San Diego County, California (Castells et al. 2013).
This report was prepared by ASM Affiliates on behalf of BRG Consulting, Inc for a proposed project
that would construct a second 1.1-mi main track between Oceanside and Carlsbad within the North
County Transit District (NCTD) railroad ROW along the Los Angeles -San Diego -San Luis Obispo
(LOSSAN) rail corridor. The subject area is adjacent to the southwest edge of the current project site.
The study APEs were based on those from similar previous projects that were considered adequate by
the California SHPO. A direct effects APE was delineated in accordance with Section 106 guidelines
and an indirect effects APE included a roughly one-parcel buffer around it. The cultural and historical
resources inventory and existing conditions within the direct APE consisted of a records search and
literature review at the SCIC and SDMM and an intensive pedestrian field survey. As a result of the
surveys, 57 historic resources were documented within the indirect APE. Only the segment of the
railroad alignment and associated railroad features were identified as cultural resources within the
direct APE. It was determined that the project would not have a direct adverse effect on historic
properties within the direct APE, however it may have adverse indirect effects on the Carlsbad Santa
Fe Depot, therefore mitigation recommendations included utilizing vibration monitors.
2.1.2 Previ ously Record ed Cultural Resources
The SCIC records search results indicate that no previously recorded sites overlap the project site.
Twelve (12) previously recorded cultural resources were identified within the 0.5-mile records search
area. A list of all previously recorded resources identified within the records search radius is provided
in Table 2.
Table 2. Previously Recorded Cultural Resources Within 0.5-Mile of the Project Site
Primary Trinomial Resource Resource Eligibility Recorded by Proximity to
Number Description and Year Project Site
P-37-026518 CA-SDI-Prehistoric: AP2 Lithic 6Z: Found ineligible 1972 (Ronald V. Outside
17414 scatter, AP16 Shell for NR, CR, or local and Carolyn (approx. 1,610-
tools designation through Man) ft west of
Historic: AH4 Trash survey evaluation; project)
scatters Site has been
destroyed
Table 2. Previously Recorded Cultural Resources Within 0.5-Mile of t he Project Site
Primary Trinomial Resource Resource Eligibility Recorded by Proximity to
Number Description and Year Project Site
P-37-037182 Historic: HP2 6Z: Found ineligible 2012 (Shannon Outside
Residential single-for NR, CR, or local Davis, ASM (approx. 2,142-
family property designation through Affiliates, Inc) ft northwest of
survey evaluation project)
P-37-037183 Historic: HP3 6Z: Found ineligible 2012 (Shannon Outside
Residential multiple for NR, CR, or local Davis, ASM (approx. 1,679-
family property designation through Affiliates, Inc) ft northwest of
survey evaluation project)
P-37-037184 Historic: HP6 Single-GZ: Found ineligible 2012 (Shannon Outside
story commercial for NR, CR. or local Davis, ASM (approx. 1,521-
building designation through Affiliates, Inc) ft northwest of
survey evaluation project)
P-37-037185 Historic: HP17 2D: Contributor to a 2012 (Shannon Outside
Railroad depot (Santa district determined Davis, ASM (approx. 1,012-
Fe Depot) eligible by the Affiliates, Inc) ft northwest of
Keeper. Listed in CR. project)
Applicable criteria:
NRHP: A, C
CRHR: 1, 3
P-37-037186 Historic: HP8 6Z: Found ineligible 2012 (Shannon Outside
Industrial building for NR, CR, or local Davis, ASM (approx. 811-ft
designation through Affiliates, Inc) northwest of
survey evaluation project)
P-37-037187 Historic: HP2 GZ: Found ineligible 2012 (Shannon Outside
Residential single-for NR, CR, or local Davis, ASM (approx. 887-ft
family property designation through Affiliates, Inc) northwest of
survey evaluation project)
P-37-037188 Historic: HP6 Two-3D: Appears eligible 2012 (Shannon Outside
story commercial as a contributor to a Davis, ASM (approx. 781-ft
building district Affiliates, Inc) northwest of
Applicable criteria: project)
NRHP: A; CRHR: 1
Local: A, E
P-37-037189 Historic: HP6 Single-3D: Appears eligible 2012 (Shannon Outside
story commercial as a contributor to a Davis, ASM (approx. 590-ft
building district Affiliates, Inc) northwest of
Applicable criteria: project)
NRHP: A, C;
CRHR: 1, 3; Local:
A, E, C
P-37-037190 Historic: HP6 Single-3D: Appears eligible 2012 (Shannon Outside
story commercial as a contributor to a Davis, ASM (approx. 555-ft
building district Affiliates, Inc) northwest of
Applicable criteria: project)
NRHP: A, C;
CRHR: 1. 3; Local:
A, E, C
Table 2. Previously Recorded Cultural Resources Within 0.5-Mile of the Project Site
Primary Trinomial Resource Resource Eligibility Recorded by Proximity to
Number Description and Year Project Site
P-37-037191 Historic: HP6 Single-3D: Appears eligible 2012 (Shannon Outside
story commercial as a contributor to a Davis, ASM (approx. 830-ft
building district Affiliates, Inc.) northwest of
Applicable criteria: project)
NRHP: A; CRHR:
1, Local: A, E
P-37-040689 Historic: HP2 Single-6Z: Found ineligible 2003 (!rem Oz, Outside
family property, HP4 for NR, CR, or local BFS (approx. 1,804-
Ancillary building designation through Environmental ft south of
survey evaluation Services) project)
2.2 Native American Scoping
A Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File search was requested by South
Environmental on September 21, 2023. The NAHC responded to the request on November 3, 2023,
and reported positive results. The NAHC recommended contacting the Native American tribes listed
in Table 3 for additional information or knowledge they may have regarding the presence of cultural
resources that may be impacted by the proposed project. On November 8, 2023, South Environmental
sent letters to each contact provided by the NAHC and made a follow-up outreach attempt on
November 28, 2023.
As detailed in Table 3, several tribal contacts have responded to the outreach letters to date. No
archaeological, historical, or tribal cultural resources were identified within the project site as a result
of South Environmental's coordination with tribes, however the project site and Agua Hedionda have
been identified as being located within ancestral territory, in the vicinity of sacred sites, and the
surrounding area was identified as culturally sensitive/significant (see Table 3 below). All Native
American outreach completed by South Environmental is documented in Appendix B.
Table 3. Summary of Native American Outreach
Native American Tribal Contact Method of Response Received Notification/Date
Barona Group of the Capitan Grande Emailed on No response received to date.
Art Bunce, Attorney November 8 and
Phone: (760) 489-0329 November 28, 2023
buncelaw@aol.com
Table 3. Summary of Native American Outreach
Native American Tribal Contact Method of Response Received Notification/Date
Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians Mailed via USPS on No response received to date.
Ralph Goff, Chairperson November 13, 2023
36190 Church Road, Suitel
Campo, CA 91906
Phone: (619) 478-9046
Fax: (619) 478-S818
rgoff@campo-nsn.gov
Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians Emailed on Read receipt received on November 8, 2023
Robert Pinto, Chairperson November 8 and
4054 Willows Road November 28, 2023
Alpine, CA 91901
Phone: (619) 368-4382
Fax: (619) 445-9126
ceo@ebki-nsn.gov
Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians Emailed on No response received to date.
Michael Garcia, Vice Chairperson November 8 and
4054 Willows Road November 28, 2023
Alpine, CA 91901
Phone: (619) 933-2200
Fax: (619) 445-9126
michaelg@leaningrock.net
lipay Nation of Santa Ysabel Mailed via USPS on No response received to date.
Virgil Perez, Chairperson November 13, 2023
P.O. Box 130
Santa Ysabel, CA 92070
Phone: (760) 765-0845
Fax: (760) 765-0320
lipay Nation of Santa Ysabel Emailed on No response received to date.
Clint Linton, Director of Cultural Resources November 8 and
P.O. Box 507 November 28, 2023
Santa Ysabel, CA 92070
Phone: (760) 803-5694
clint@redtailenvironmental.com
Inaja-Cosmit Band of Indians Mailed via USPS on No response received to date.
Rebecca Osuna, Chairperson November 13, 2023
2005 S. Escondido Blvd.
Escondido, CA 92025
Phone: (760) 737 • 7628
Fax: (760) 747-8568
Jamul Indian Village Emailed on No response received to date.
Erica Pint o, Chairperson November 8 and
P.O. Box 612 November 28, 2023
Jamul, CA 91935
Phone: (619) 669-4785
Fax: (619) 669-4817
epinto@jiv-nsn.gov
Table 3. Summary of Native American Outreach
Native American Tribal Contact Method of Response Received Notification/Date
Jamul Indian Village Emailed on Response received from Lisa Cumper on
Lisa Cumper, Tribal Historic Preservation November 8 and November 29, 2023:
Officer November 28, 2023
P.O. Box 612 "Let's consult on this project please."
Jamul, CA 91935
Phone: (619) 669-4855 On December 1, 2023, Samantha Murray of lcumper@jiv-nsn.gov South Environmental called and emailed to
set up a time to discuss. No response
received to date.
Juaneno Band of Mission Indians Emailed on Response received from Joyce Perry on
Acjachemen Nation -Belardes November 8 and November 29, 2023:
Joyce Perry, Cultural Resource Director November 28, 2023
4955 Paseo Segovia "This project is not located within our
Irvine, CA 92603 territory." Phone: (949) 293-8522
kaamalam@gmail.com
Juaneno Band of Mission Indians Emailed on No response received to date.
Acjachemen Nation 84A November 8 and
Heidi Lucero, Chairperson, THPO November 28, 2023
31411-A La Matanza Street
San Juan Capistrano, CA 9267
Phone: (562) 879-2884
jbmian.chairwoman@gmail.com
Kwaaymii Laguna Band of Mission Indians Mailed via USPS on No response received to date.
Carmen Lucas November 13, 2023
P.O. Box 775
Pine Valley, CA 91962
Phone: (619) 709-4207
La Jolla Band of Luiseno Indians Mailed via USPS on No response received to date.
Norma Contreras, Chairperson November 13, 2023
22000 Highway 76
Pauma Valley, CA 92061
Phone: (760) 742-3771
La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians Emailed on No response received to date.
Gwendolyn Parada, Chairperson November 8 and
8 Crestwood Road November 28, 2023
Boulevard, CA 91905
Phone: (619) 478-2113
Fax: (619) 478-2125
LP13boots@aol.com
Manzanita Band of Kumeyaay Nation Mailed via USPS on No response received to date.
Angela Elliott Santos, Chairperson November 13, 2023
P.O. Box 1302
Boulevard, CA 91905
Phone: (619) 766-4930
Fax: (619) 766-4957
■
Table 3. Summary of Native American Outreach
Native American Tribal Contact Method of Response Received Notification/Date
Mesa Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Mailed via USPS on No response received to date.
Indians November 13, 2023
Michael Linton, Chairperson
P.O Box 270
Santa Ysabel, CA 92070
Phone: (760) 782-3818
Fax: (760) 782-9092
mesagrandeband@msn.com
Pala Band of Mission Indians Emailed on No response received to date.
Alexis Wallick, Assistant THPO November 8 and
PMB50, 35008 Pala Temecula Road November 28, 2023
Pala, CA 92059
Phone: (760) 891-3537
awallick@palatribe.com
Pala Band of Mission Indians Emailed on Automatic email response received on
Shasta Gaughen, Tribal Historic November 8 and November 8, 2023 from Shasta Gaughen -
Preservation Officer November 28, 2023 out of office until November 13.
PMB50, 35008 Pala Temecula Road
Pala, CA 92059
Phone: (760) 891-3515 Read receipt received November 29, 2023
Fax: (760) 742-3189
sgaughen@palatribe.com
Pauma Band of Luiseno Indians Emailed on No response received to date.
Temet Aguilar, Chairperson November 8 and
P.O. Box 369 November 28, 2023
Pauma Valley, CA 92061
Phone: (760) 742-1289
Fax: (760) 742-3422
bennaecalac@aol.com
Pechanga Band of Indians Emailed on No response received to date.
Steve Bodmer, General Counsel for November 8 and
Pechanga Band of Indians November 28, 2023
P.O. Box 1477
Temecula, CA 92593
Phone: (951) 770-6171
Fax: (951) 695-1778
sbodmer@pechanga-nsn.gov
Pechanga Band of Indians Emailed on No response received to date.
Tuba Ebru Ozdil, Pechanga Cultural Analyst November 8 and
P.O. Box 2183 November 28, 2023
Temecula, CA, 92593
Phone: (951) 770-6313
Fax: (951) 695-1778
eozdil@pechanga-nsn.gov
Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians Emailed on Response acknowledged receipt was
Denise Turner Walsh, Attorney General November 8 and received on November 29, 2023.
One Government Center Lane November 28, 2023
Valley Center, CA 92082
Phone: (760) 689-5727
dwalsh@rincon-nsn.gov
Table 3. Summary of Native American Outreach
Native American Tribal Contact Method of Response Received Notification/Date
Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians Emailed on No response received to date.
Laurie Gonzalez, Tribal Council/Culture November 8 and
Committee Member November 28, 2023
One Government Center Lane
Valley Center, CA 92082
Phone: (760) 484-4835
lgonzalez@rincon-nsn.gov
Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians Emailed on Read receipt received on November 9 and
Cheryl Madrigal, Cultural Resources November 8 and November 29, 2023
Manager/Tribal Historic Preservation November 28, 2023
Officer
One Government Center Lane
Valley Center, CA 92082
Phone: (760) 648-3000
cmadrigal@rincon-nsn.gov
Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians Emailed on Email response received from Shuuluk
Joseph Linton, Tribal Council/Culture November 8 and Linton on December 5, 2023:
Committee Member November 28, 2023
One Government Center Lane "After review of the provided documents
Valley Center, CA 92082 and our internal information, the Rincon Phone: (760) 803-3548 Band has specific concerns that the project jlinton@rincon-nsn.gov may impact tangible Tribal Cultural
Resources. The project site is culturally
sensitive, with many resources and known
gathering areas as well as the positive
sacred land files search. At this time the
Rincon Band would like to consult directly
with the lead agency, to review any potential
impacts in this project site."
Table 3. Summary of Native American Outreach
Native American Tribal Contact Method of Response Received Notification/Date
San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians Emailed on Email response received from Carmen
Carmen Mojado, Secretary of Government November 8 and Mojado on November 21, 2023:
Affairs November 28, 2023
Phone: (760) 724-8505 "Our Tribe has intimate knowledge about
Fax: (760) 724-2172 the many discoveries made throughout the
cjmojado@slrmissionindians.org Project Area and is aware of cultural
resource sites within close proximity to the
proposed Project. We strongly urge caution
in assessing the land encompassing the
Project for any ground disturbing purposes,
as well as incorporating the presence of a
Luiseiio Native American monitor during all
ground disturbing activities. In regards to
information our Tribe can provide South
Environmental regarding these tribal cultural
resources and sacred sites within the Project
Area, we respectfully request that any
further discussion be done in person.
Furthermore, the Tribe requests that all
cultural resource surveys completed in the
Project Area and/or for the benefit of this
Project be provided to the Tribe's Cultural
Department."
During the intensive pedestrian survey, tribal
monitor Cami Mojado of the San Luis Rey
Band of Mission Indians and Saving Sacred
Sites requested the presence of a tribal
monitor for subsurface disturbances at this
Project site due to constructed elements on
the property that were developed prior to
the adoption of CEQA regulations, the
discovery of a newly identified prehistoric
resource within the project site, and the
presence of a newly identified site with deep
deposits in the near vicinity that is still in the
process of beino documented.
San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Emailed on Read receipt received on November 14,
Indians November 8 and 2023
John Flores, Environmental Coordinator November 28, 2023
P. 0. Box 365
Valley Center, CA 92082
Phone: (760) 749-3200
Fax: (760) 749-3876
johnf@sanpasqualtribe.org
■ -+
Table 3. Summary of Native American Outreach
Native American Tribal Contact Method of Response Received Notification/Date
San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Mailed via USPS on No response received to date.
Indians November 13, 2023
Allen Lawson, Chairperson
P.O. Box 365
Valley Center, CA 92082
Phone: (760) 749-3200
Fax: (760) 749-3876
allenl@sanpasqualtribe.org
Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians Emailed on Read receipt received on November 8 and
Jessica Valdez, Cultural Resource Specialist November 8 and November 29, 2023
P.O. Box 487
San Jacinto, CA 92581
November 28, 2023
Phone: (951) 663-6261
Fax: (951) 654-4198
jvaldez@soboba-nsn.gov
Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians Emailed on Read receipt received on November 8, 2023
Joseph Ontiveros, Tribal Historic November 8 and
Preservation Officer November 28, 2023
P.O. BOX 487
San Jacinto, CA 92581
Phone: (951) 663-5279
Fax: (951) 654-4198
jontiveros@soboba-nsn.gov
Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation Emailed on No response received to date.
Cody Martinez, Chairperson November 8 and
Sycuan Tribal Office: November 28, 2023
1 Kwaaypaay Court
El Cajon, CA, 92019
Phone: (619) 445-2613
cmartinez@sycuan-nsn.gov
Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation Emailed on Read receipt received on November 9, 2023
Bernice Paipa, Cultural Resource Specialist November 8 and
Sycuan Cultural Center: November 28, 2023
910 Willow Glen Drive
El Cajon, CA, 92019
Phone: (619) 445-6917
bpaipa2@sycuan-nsn.gov
Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians Emailed on Response from Ray Teran received on
Ray Teran, Resource Management Director November 8 and November 29, 2023:
1 Viejas Grade Road November 28, 2023 "The Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians would
Alpine, CA 91901 like to comment at this time. The project
Phone: (619) 659-2312 area may contain many sacred sites to the rteran@viejas-nsn.gov Kumeyaay people. We request that these
sacred sites be avoided with adequate buffer
zones and that all laws be followed.
Immediately contact Viejas upon any
changes or inadvertent discoveries."
Table 3. Summary of Native American Outreach
Native American Tribal Contact Method of Response Received Notification/Date
Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians Emailed on See above response from Ray Teran received
Ernest Pingleton, THPO November 8 and on November 29, 2023.
1 Viejas Grade Road November 28, 2023
Alpine, CA 91901
Phone: (619) 445-3810
epingleton@viejas-nsn.gov
■
3 Environmental Setting
The project site is located at the north edge of a residential neighborhood, with an urbanized
commercial zone to the north. It is situated on a coastal terrace 45-feet above mean sea level,
approximately 490 meters northeast of the Pacific Ocean, and roughly centered between Buena Vista
Lagoon (approximately 1,100 meters to the northwest) and Agua Hedionda Lagoon (approximately
1,290 meters to the south). Both lagoons are estuaries with freshwater sources and are the closest
known sources of fresh water today; however, the watershed in this area has been heavily modified
from its natural landscape. The northeast corner of the property is within the Buena Vista Lagoon-
Buena Vista Creek Subwatershed and the remainder is within the Loma Alta Creek-Frontal Gulf of
Catalina Subwatershed (USGS 2023).
The study area has a Mediterranean climate with cool summers and mild winters. Average summer
high temperatures are in the low-70s and average winter lows are in the mid-S0s. Average annual
rainfall is 11.39-inches and the wettest months are December through March, with almost no
precipitation between June and September (Kauffman 2021; NOAA 2023).
The primary geologic units underlying this project are older Quaternary alluvium terrace and marine
deposits (Qoa;0) of Pleistocene age. The generalized lithology is unconsolidated, undifferentiated.
Major lithologic constituents consist of coarse-detrital and minor constituents are fine-detrital soils
(Jennings et al. 2010). Kennedy et al. (2007) mapped this unit as "old paralic deposits (Qop, units 6-7)
which are undivided and of late to middle Pleistocene age and described it as poorly sorted,
moderately permeable, reddish-brown, interfingered standline, beach, estuarine and colluvial deposits
composed of siltstone, sandstone and conglomerate.
Soils within the project site include (UC Davis and NRCS 2023):
• Marina loamy sands are the most prevalent soils across the entire site. They are typically found
on formerly cultivated ridges with annual grasses. A horizons are grayish brown and brown,
slightly and moderately acid, loamy sand. B2 horizons are light brown, moderately and strongly
acid, loamy sand. C horizons contain lamellae and light brown and pink, moderately acid, sand.
• Carlsbad gravelly loamy sands may be found in minor quantities throughout the site. These
soils are typically found in areas of shrubgrass. A horizons have brown, pale brown, and very
pale brown, slightly acid gravelly loamy sand. C horizons consist of pale brown and light brown
slightly and strongly acid heavy loamy sand. These horizons are underlain by weakly cemented
duripans at a depth of 38 inches.
• Corralitos loamy sand may be found in minor quantities throughout the site. This series
consists of deep, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in recent sandy alluvium
derived from acid sandstone and related rocks. A horizons are typically brown loamy sand
between O to 8 inches in depth and grayish brown loamy sand from 8 to 32 inches in depth.
They are found on alluvial fans and in small valleys with slopes of O to 15 percent.
• Chesterton fine sandy loam may be found in minor quantities throughout the site. It consists
of moderately well-drained, very slowly permeable soils. They are found on gently sloping to
moderately steep uplifted marine sediments and old terraces.
4 Cultural Setting
4.1 Prehistoric Context
The following chronology synthesizes the works of Warren (1968), Moratto (1984), Erlandson (1991),
Sutton and Gardner (2010), True et al. (1974), True and Waugh (1982), and Sutton (2015) who have
developed and refined prehistoric cultural sequences of Southern California. These interpretations
facilitate an understanding of regional and temporal traditions and patterns, supporting meaningful
contributions to the archaeological record. The Paleo Coastal Tradition, San Dieguito Complex,
Encinitas Tradition, Palomar Tradition, and relevant patterns of these traditions are summarized here
as prehistoric contexts for the northern San Diego County area.
4.1.1 Pa leo Coastal Tradition (ca. 13,000 - 10,000 BP)
The archaeological record suggests that the earliest known peoples of Southern California migrated
from the north, along the coast approximately 12,000 years before present (BP) during the terminal
Pleistocene. These paleo coastal peoples had well-developed maritime technologies and their
presence is evidenced by sites on the northern Channel Islands and the mainland coast of central
California. The Daisy Cave site on San Miguel Island has evidenced human occupation dating to
approximately 10,400 BP and reevaluations of human remains recovered from the Arlington Springs
site on Santa Rosa Island, have radiocarbon dated isolated bone proteins to approximately 11,000 BP
(Erlandson 1991; Erlandson et al. 2007; Johnson et al. 2002; Sutton and Gardner 2010).
Paleo Coastal Tradition (PCT) sites are associated with estuaries, bay shores, and subsistence strategies
that appear to have depended on hunting and gathering vegetal sources related to these ecosystems.
Resource exploitation was focused on mollusks, waterfowl, sea mammals, fish, land animals, and plants.
Toolkits are characterized by crescentics, percussion flaked foliate knives/points, large leaf-shaped
points, engraving tools, choppers, core hammers, pebble hammerstones, and a variety of large ovoid,
domed, or rectangular scrapers (Moratto 1984, Koerper et al. 1991, Warren 1967).
The Western Pluvial Lakes Tradition (WPLT) is related to the PCT as either an inland/Great Basin coeval
or a seasonal variant with several distinctions related to regional/environmental settings, as opposed
to cultural distinctions. These differences include settlement patterns (i.e., a WPLT focus on pluvial
lakes, marshes, and old stream channels), degree of sedentism, and site stratification. Materials
distinctive to PCT include pitted stones, asphaltum, pointed bone objects, and shell spoons and
ornaments (Moratto 1984).
4.1.2 San Dieguito Complex (ca. 10,000 -7,500 BP)
In western San Diego County, the San Dieguito Complex is the earliest cultural pattern of the PCT that
is supported by the archaeological record, with sites dating as far back as 9,400 BP. Notable similarities
II
between WPLT and San Dieguito sites include percussion flaked knives/points, scrapers, and crescents.
The San Dieguito Complex generally predates the following La Jolla Pattern however new data
indicating inverse results has challenged understandings of the relationship between these cultural
patterns (Wallace 1955, Koerper et al. 1991, Moriarty 1967, Moratto 1984, Sutton and Gardner 2010).
4.1.3 Encinitas Tradition (8,500 -1,000 BP)
The Encinitas Tradition encompassed the region of California extending from Santa Barbara to the
Mexican border and is divided into four regional expressions including the Topanga Pattern (northern
coastal/near-coastal groups), the Greven Knoll Pattern (northern inland groups), the La Jolla Pattern
(southern near-coastal groups), and Pauma Pattern (southern inland groups). The project site is located
within the prehistoric culture area of the La Jolla Pattern. It has been suggested that the inland Pauma
Pattern was a seasonal expression of La Jolla Pattern groups utilizing inland resources (Sutton and
Gardner 2010).
The timespan provided above is based on temporal maximums. The majority of Encinitas Tradition
sites, especially along the coast, date between 7,000 and 3,000 BP (Sutton and Gardner 2010). The
Encinitas Tradition roughly coincides with the Altithermal climactic trend which began in California and
other areas between 8,000 and 7,500 radiocarbon years ago (RYBP). This was an arid warming trend
that affected both marine and terrestrial environments, ultimately decimating most of the pluvial lakes
within the Great Basin. This climatic event may have had a more significant impact on coastal areas
(Carbone 1991).
The Encinitas tradition is generally characterized by small, mobile groups with generalized, flexible,
highly variable subsistence strategies and a well-developed collecting economy that appears to be
focused on plant resources, shellfish, and other resources depending on circumstances such as coastal
vs. inland environmental setting (Byrd and Raab 2007:220, Sutton and Gardner 2010). The Encinitas
toolkit includes an abundance of manos and metates, crudely fashioned core and flake tools, bone
tools, shell ornaments, and a paucity of projectile points and vertebrate remains. It has been
commonly accepted that this tradition had a reduced emphasis on hunting, however this idea is
generally founded on limited concepts of traditional usage of ground stone. There is also a need
for a theoretical reconsideration of factors such as the impact of climate change on the
preservation of the lithic record and possible shifts in subsistence practices, such as pulverizing
long bones for maximized protein extraction (Sutton and Gardner 2010).
4.1.4 La Jolla Pattern (8,500 -1,300 BP)
The La Jolla Pattern is divided into three phases and represents the Encinitas Tradition found along the
San Diego coast. La Jolla Pattern sites are typically located on terraces surrounding lagoons and bays
and are associated with a reliance on shellfish, fishing in rocky near shore areas and kelp beds, heavy
■
exploitation of lagoons, seed gathering, and some terrestrial hunting which may be underrepresented
due to the "schlepp effect" (Gallegos and Kyle 1991).
La Jolla Pattern, Phase I sites generally date between 8,500 to 5,000 BP and are found along ancient
coastal lagoons and terraces. This phase may reflect a migration of inland desert groups as a result of
Altithermal warming (Warren et al. 1961, Warren and Pavesic 1963). Distinctive cultural traits include
an emphasis on shellfish and plant resources and mortuary practices of mostly flexed inhumations,
some extended and secondary burials, and no cremations. Toolkits are characterized by scrapers,
Pinto-like points, discoidals, cobble tools, tarring pebbles, and the appearance of abundant ma nos and
metates.
La Jolla Pattern, Phase II sites generally date between 5,000 to 4,000 BP and indicate a shift in mortuary
patterns, an increase in flaked stone tools, increased artifact formalization, and diversified subsistence
patterns indicated by the adoption of the mortar and pestle and an increase in the remains of terrestrial
mammals. These groups were relatively large and semi-sedentary with sites typically located on coastal
terraces overlooking lagoons and bays. During this phase, the exploitation of Chione increased as
Argopecten decreased which is likely a result of increasing siltation within lagoons (Gallegos 1991).
Distinctive cultural traits include an emphasis on shellfish and fish, increased use of terrestrial
mammals, mortuary practices using flexed inhumations (some beneath metates) and "true" cemeteries,
and trade relations with Channel Islands groups. Toolkits are characterized by manos/metates,
mortars/pestles, an increased in the number and type of points, late discoidals, and scraper planes.
La Jolla Pattern, Phase m sites generally date between 4,000 to 1,300 BP and may represent a transition
period influenced by the silting of lagoons and contact with Yuman groups to the east. Distinctive
cultural traits include mortuary practices using flexed inhumations, rare cremations, and a shift to lower
elevation sites. Toolkits are characterized by cores, scrapers, cobble tools, and bone tools (Sutton and
Gardner 2010).
4.1.5 Pauma Pattern (7,500 -1,000 BP)
The Pauma Pattern is divided into two phases and represents the Encinitas Tradition found in Inland
San Diego County. Pauma sites are typically located in montane settings and are very similar to La Jolla
Pattern sites apart from the availability of shellfish. Warren et al. (1961) has suggested the Pauma
Pattern as an inland variant of the La Jolla Pattern. The Pauma Pattern is not as well-defined as the
other Encinitas Tradition Patterns. Toolkits contain an abundance of shaped manos, a preference for
basin (rather than slab) metates, cobble tools, scrapers, discoidals, stone balls, and few points. These
toolkits exhibit a noticeable paucity of flaked stone artifacts, bedrock mortars, ceramics, and small
triangular projectile points. Pauma Pattern, Phase I sites speculatively date between 7,500 to 3,000 BP
and demonstrate possible coastal ties evidenced by a minor presence of marine shell. Pauma Pattern,
Phase II sites speculatively date between 3,000 to 1,300 BP and may represent Takic intrusion from the
north. The archaeologic record indicates a distinct break in artifact types and site locations around
1,300 BP (Sutton and Gardner 2010).
4.1.6 Palomar Tradition {1,250 -150 BP)
The inception of the Palomar Tradition beginning around 1,250 to 1,000 BP represents a replacement
of Encinitas Tradition groups north of central San Diego County resulting in major shifts in
technologies, settlement, and economic patterns. Like the Encinitas Tradition, the Palomar Tradition is
divided into cultural patterns and phases, with the San Luis Rey Pattern representing groups in
southern Orange County and northern San Diego County and the Peninsular Pattern located much
further inland The project site is located within the cultural area of the San Luis Rey Pattern (Sutton
and Gardner 2010).
4.1.7 San Luis Rey Pattern {1,000 -500 BP)
The San Luis Rey Pattern is divided into two phases representing the Palomar Tradition in southern
Orange County and northern San Diego County.
The San Luis Rey Pattern, Phase I dates from 1,000 to 500 BP and represents a rapid diffusion/adoption
of language and material culture patterns from the north by La Jolla Pattern groups. Sites were
generally dispersed with a "forager-like" pattern. New cultural traits include the adoption of bow and
arrow technology, Cottonwood triangular points, bone awls, shaft straighteners, increased use of shell
beads, dark greasy middens, the Rancho Bernardo style of rock art, an increase in the use of mortars
and pestles, and an absence of ceramics (Sutton 2015).
San Luis Rey Pattern, Phase II sites post-date 500 BP and are characterized by larger, more sedentary
winter and summer villages near permanent water sources. Distinctive cultural traits include the
adoption of ceramics, an emphasis on collecting, increased reliance on acorns and large game
resources, decreased exploitation of coastal resources, and a shift in mortuary practices favoring
cremation which may have been related to the Chingichngish religion. Toolkits are characterized by
Tizon Brown pottery, ceramic figurines and pipes, and a significant increase in bedrock mortars. This
pattern closely resembles ethnohistoric/ethnographic Luiseno groups (Sutton 2015).
4.2 Ethnographic Context
The Project site is located within the ancestral territory of the Luiseiio, a Takic-speaking, Southern
California Native American social group (Kroeber 1925; Bean and Shipek 1978). The Luiseno language
is derived from the Cupan segment of the Takic language branch, a part of the Uta-Aztecan linguistic
family (Mithun 2001:539-540; Golla 2011).
Luiseno ancestral territory is situated in the northern half of San Diego County and the western edge
of Riverside County. Their lands encompassed the southern Santa Margarita Mountains and the
Palomar Mountains, and the foothills to the Pacific Ocean, extending eastward into the San Jacinto
Valley and the western foothills of the San Jacinto Mountains. The Luiseno shared boundaries with the
Gabrielino/Tongva and Serrano to the west and northwest, the Cahuilla from the deserts to the east,
the Cupef\o to the southeast, and the Kumeyaay to the south (Ipai-Tipai) (Bean and Shipek 1978).
The Luisef\o resided in permanent villages and associated seasonal camps. Village population ranged
from 50-400 with social structure based on lineages and clans. A single lineage was generally
represented in smaller villages, while multiple lineages and a dominant clan presided in larger villages
(Boscana and Harrington 1934:32). Each clan/village owned a resource territory and was politically
independent, yet maintained ties to others through economic, religious, and social networks in the
immediate region. Place names were given to each territory, often associated with local animals, plants,
physical landmarks, or cosmological elements that were known to be linked with a specific location
(Sparkman 1908; Kroeber 1925).
Luiseno families resided in dome-shaped dwellings made of willow poles covered with interlaced tule
reeds. The clan chief (n6 ~ residence was generally larger in order to accommodate his large family,
ceremonial regalia, and ceremonial food processing. Other village structures included a centrally
located ceremonial enclosure (wamkiSJ and a round semi-subterranean sweat lodge. The ceremonial
enclosure and the chief's home were generally located in the center of the village. The n6 twas
responsible for combining and controlling religious, economic, and warfare powers (Bean and Shipek
1978). The center of the Luisef\o religious beliefs and rituals is Chinigchinich, the last of a series of
heroic mythological figures. Complex rituals included puberty initiation rites and mourning
ceremonies.
Like other indigenous California groups, the primary food staple of the Luiseno was the acorn (Bean
and Shipek 1978:552), supplemented by other plant resources, fish, shellfish, waterfowl, and marine
and terrestrial mammals. Villages were situated near reliable sources of water, needed for the daily
leaching of milled acorn flour. Acorn mush (wfiwish) was prepared in various ways and was eaten
almost daily, along with a variety of fruits, vegetables, and seeds including pine nuts and the seeds
from grass, manzanita, sunflower, sage, chia, lemonade berry, wild rose, holly-leaf cherry, prickly pear,
lamb's-quarter. Greens included thistle, white sage, and clover, among many others. Meat and seafood
were also part of the daily diet, including deer, duck, goose, ground squirrel, quail, rabbit, bird, and
woodrat. Fish and marine resources provided some portion of many tribal communities-most notably
those nearest the coast-and included abalone, clams, mussels, lobster, and trout (Pechanga Band of
Luiseno Indians 2022). Shellfish would have been procured and transported inland from three primary
environments, including the sandy open coast, bay and lagoon, and rocky open coast.
■
4 .3 Historic Context
Post-Contact history for the state of California is generally divided into three periods: the Spanish
Period (1769-1822), Mexican Period (1822-1848), and American Period (1848-present).
4.3.1 Spa nish Period (1769-1822)
In search of the legendary Northwest Passage, Spanish explorer Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo stopped in
1542 at present-day San Diego Bay. Cabrfllo explored the shorelines of present-day Catalina Island as
well as San Pedro and Santa Monica Bays. Much of the present California and Oregon coastline was
mapped and recorded in the next half-century by Spanish naval officer Sebastian Vizcaino. Spain laid
claim to California based on the surveys conducted by Cabrillo and Vizcaino (Bancroft 1885:96-99;
Gumprecht 1999:35).
The 1769 overland expedition by Captain Gaspar de Portola marks the start of California's Historic
period. With a band of 64 soldiers, missionaries, Baja (lower) California Native Americans, and Mexican
civilians, Portola established the Presidio of San Diego, a fortified military outpost, as the first Spanish
settlement in Alta California. In July of 1769, while Portola was exploring southern California, Franciscan
Fr. Junipero Serra founded Mission San Diego de Alcala at Presidio Hill, the first of the 21 missions that
would be established in Alta California by the Spanish and the Franciscan Order between 1769 and
1823.
A major emphasis during the Spanish Period in California was the construction of missions and
associated presidios to integrate the Native American population into Christianity and communal
enterprise. Incentives were also provided to bring settlers to pueblos or towns, but just three pueblos
were established during the Spanish Period, only two of which were successful and remain as California
cities (San Jose and Los Angeles).
4.3.2 Mexican Period (1822-1848)
After more than a decade of intermittent rebellion and warfare, New Spain (Mexico and the California
territory) won independence from Spain in 1821. In 1822, the Mexican legislative body in California
ended isolationist policies designed to protect the Spanish monopoly on trade, and decreed California
ports open to foreign merchants (Dallas 1955:14).
Extensive land grants were established in the interior during the Mexican Period, in part to increase
the population inland from the more settled coastal areas where the Spanish had first concentrated
their colonization efforts. The secularization of the missions following Mexico's independence from
Spain resulted in the subdivision of former mission lands and establishment of many additional
ranchos. During the supremacy of the ranchos (1834-1848), landowners largely focused on the cattle
industry and devoted large tracts to grazing. Cattle hides became a primary southern California export,
providing a commodity to trade for goods from the east and other areas in the United States and
■
Mexico. The number of nonnative inhabitants increased during this period because of the influx of
explorers, trappers, and ranchers associated with the land grants. The rising California population
contributed to the introduction and rise of diseases foreign to the Native American population, who
had no associated immunities.
War in 1846 between Mexico and the United States precipitated the Battle of Chino, a clash between
resident Californios and Americans in the San Bernardino area.
4.3.3 American Period (1848-Present)
The Mexican-American War ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, ushering California
into its American Period. California officially became a state with the Compromise of 1850, which also
designated Utah and New Mexico (with present-day Arizona) as U.S. Territories.
The Gold Rush began in 1848, and with the influx of people seeking gold, cattle were no longer desired
mainly for their hides but also as a source of meat and other goods. During the 1850s cattle boom,
rancho vaqueros drove large herds from southern to northern California to feed that region's
burgeoning mining and commercial boom. The cattle boom ended for southern California as neighbor
states and territories drove herds to northern California at reduced prices. Operation of the huge
ranchos became increasingly difficult, and droughts severely reduced their productivity (Cleland
2005:102-103).
■
5.2 Results
The project site contains a multi-family residence and has been heavily graded, paved, landscaped,
and developed. Unpaved ground surface visibility (GSV) throughout the site was fairly low
(approximately 30%) due to landscaped vegetation and residential debris and an estimated 95% of the
visible, unpaved ground appears to have been heavily graded and used as a parking area, which was
confirmed by satellite imagery. Observed vegetation included a stand of prickly pear cactus and
landscaped trees dominated by a laurel fig hedge, Mexican fan palms, a large rubber tree, and a small
grove of what appear to be apricot saplings.
One isolated prehistoric artifact (TYLER-ISO-010) was identified within the project site as a result of the
intensive-level archaeological survey (Photographs 8-11). This isolated find was recorded on the
appropriate set of State of California Department of Parks and Recreation Series 523 Forms (DPR form
located in Appendix C). Additionally, a small concentration of unmodified bone fragments (Photograph
12) and several marine shells (Photographs 13-16) were also observed.
TYLER-ISO-010: prehistoric isolate consisting of one ground stone artifact (Photographs 8-11) in
secondary context within a raised planter bed. The resource is located approximately 7 meters west of
a low-density concentration of indeterminate, unmodified bone fragments. It is a percussive tool that
appears to be a crude hand axe or possibly a chisel. It appears to be congruent with an artifact referred
to as an angular hammerstone in a couple of reports for the region. The artifact is composed of
weathered dark bluish or greenish-gray fine-grained porphyritic volcanic material (likely andesite or
basalt) with whitish phenocrysts. It measures 16.8cm (L) x 12.14cm 0N) x 3.24cm (Th), has been
designed for grip, and shows impact fractures from battering on one end. The shape is subovoid in
plan with a roughly biplano profile and cross-section. The artifact has modern residue from dry red
paint that was spilled within the same planter that artifact is located.
One unmodified Neverita shell from a marine moon snail (Photographs 13 and 14) was located
approximately 21 meters northeast of the artifact and a cache of unmodified clam (possibly including
Chione) and volcano limpet (Fissure/la volcano) shell fragments in secondary context was observed in
a planter bed on the opposite northwest edge of the property (Photograph 16).
6 Findings and Recommendations
6.1 Summary of Findings
One isolated prehistoric artifact (TYLER-ISO-010) was identified and recorded within the project site as
a result of the intensive-level archaeological survey: a percussive ground stone artifact in a secondary
context (Appendix C). A review of the SCIC records search results, archaeological literature, receipt of
a positive Sacred Lands File search from the NAHC, and responses from Native American contacts
indicates that the project site is in an area that is highly sensitive for prehistoric archaeological
resources. Although a prehistoric artifact was identified on the property, it does not constitute an intact
archaeological site and was not in original context based on its location within a raised planter bed.
However, the high sensitivity of the surrounding area indicates a strong possibility of encountering
intact archaeological deposits at deeper levels.
As a result of the intensive pedestrian survey, tribal monitor Cami Mojado of the San Luis Rey Band of
Mission Indians and Saving Sacred Sites requested the presence of a tribal monitor during ground
disturbance related to the proposed project due to constructed elements on the property that were
developed prior to the adoption of CEQA regulations, the identification of a newly discovered
prehistoric isolate within the site, as well as a newly identified site containing deep deposits in the near
vicinity that is still in the process of documentation. Recommendations have been provided in Section
6.2 to reduce project-related impacts to archaeological resources and human remains to a less than
significant level.
6.2 Recommendations
Archaeological and Native American Monitoring
A qualified archaeologist and a Luisef\o Native American Monitor should be retained to monitor all
ground disturbance associated with the proposed project. These activities include, but are not limited
to, grading, excavation, trenching, and vegetation or paving removal throughout all portions of the
project site. Should archaeological resources (sites, features, or artifacts) be exposed during
construction activities for the proposed project, the monitors shall halt all construction work occurring
within 100 feet of the find until a qualified archaeologist, meeting the Secretary of the Interior's
Professional Qualification Standards, can evaluate the significance of the find. Depending on the
significance of the find, the archaeologist may simply record the find and allow work to continue. In
the event that an identified cu ltural resource is of Native American origin, the qualified archaeologist
will consult with the project Applicant and the City of Carlsbad to implement Native American
consultation procedures. If the discovery proves significant under CEQA, additional work such as
preparation of an archaeological treatment plan, testing, or data recovery may be warranted. Following
the conclusion of all monitoring activities, an archaeological monitoring report should be prepared
and submitted to the City detailing the results of all monitoring activities and any cultural resources
identified.
Unanticipated Discovery of Human Remains
In accordance with Section 7050.5 of the California Health and Safety Code, if human remains are
found, the County Coroner shall be notified within 24 hours of the discovery. No further excavation or
disturbance of the site or any nearby area reasonably suspected to overlie adj acent remains shall occur
until the County Coroner has determined, within two working days of notification of the discovery, the
appropriate treatment and disposition of the human remains. If the remains are determined to be
Native American, the Coroner shall notify the NAHC in Sacramento within 24 hours. In accordance with
California Public Resources Code, Section 5097.98, the NAHC must immediately notify those persons
it believes to be the Most Likely Descendant (MLD) from the deceased Native American. The MLD shall
complete their inspection within 48 hours of being granted access to the site. The MLD would then
determine, in consultation with the property owner, the disposition of the human remains.
6.3 Conclusions
One isolated prehistoric artifact (TYLER-ISO-010), several marine shells, and a small concentration of
unmodified bone fragments were identified within the project site as a result of the intensive-level
archaeological survey. However, no unique archaeological or historical resources, as defined by CEQA,
were identified within the project site. A review of the records search, archaeological literature, NAHC
Sacred Lands File search results, and responses from Native American contacts indicates that the
project site is in an area that is highly sensitive for prehistoric archaeological resources, and it is
possible to encounter resources during project-related ground disturbance. Implementation of the
recommendations in Section 6.2 for archaeological and Native American monitoring during ground
disturbance will ensure that any cultural resources or human remains identified during construction
are handled appropriately such that impacts to archaeological resources and human remains are less
than significant.
■
7 References
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Francisco.
Bean, L.J. and F.C. Shipek. 1978. Luiseno. In Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 8: California,
edited by R.F. Heizer, pp. 550-563. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
Boscana, G. and J.P. Harrington. 1934. "A New Original Version of Boscana's Historical Account of the
San Juan Capistrano Indians of Southern California {with two plates)." Smithsonian
Miscellaneous Collections. 92(4):1-62.
Byrd, Brian F. and L. Mark Raab. 2007. "Prehistory of the Southern Bight Models for a New
Millennium." In California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity. edited by Terry L.
Jones and Kathryn A. Klar, pp. 215-227. AltaMira Press, Lanham, Maryland.
Carbone, Larry A. 1991. "Early Holocene Environments and Paleoecological Contexts on the Central
and Southern California Coast" In Hunter-Gatherers of Early Holocene Coastal California, edited
by Jon M. Erlandson and Roger H. Colten, pp. 11-18. Perspectives in Archaeology, Vol. 1, Jeanne
E. Arnold, Senior Series Editor. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.
Cleland, Robert Glass. 2005. The Cattle on a Thousand Hills: Southern California, 1850-80, second ed.,
sixth printing. The Huntington Library, San Marino, California.
Dallas, S. F. 1955. The Hide and Tallow Trade in Alta California 1822-1848. Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana
University, Bloomington
Erlandson, Jon M. 1991. "Early Maritime Adaptations on the Northern Channel Islands." In Hunter-
Gatherers of Early Holocene Coastal California, edited by Jon M. Erlandson and Roger H. Colten,
pp. 101-113. Perspectives in Archaeology, Vol. 1, Jeanne E. Arnold, Senior Series Editor. Institute
of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.
Erlandson, Jon M. and Roger H. Cotlen. 1991. "An Archaeological Context for Early Holocene Studies
on the California Coast". In Hunter-Gatherers of Early Holocene Coastal California, edited by Jon
M. Erlandson and Roger H. Colten, pp. 1-10. Perspectives in Archaeology, Vol. 1, Jeanne E.
Arnold, Senior Series Editor. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.
Erlandson, Jon M., Torben C. Rick, Terry L. Jones, and Judith F. Porcassi. 2007."One if by Land, Two if
by Sea: Who were the First Californians?" In California Prehisto,y: Colonization, Culture, and
Complexity. edited by Terry L. Jones and Kathryn A Klar, pp. 53-62. Alta Mira Press, Lanham,
Maryland.
Gallegos, Dennis. 1991. "Antiquity and Adaptation at Agua Hedionda, Carslbad, California." In
Hunter-Gatherers of Early Holocene Coastal Caltfomia, edited by Jon M. Erlandson and Roger H.
Colten, pp. 19-42. Perspectives in Archaeology, Vol. 1, Jeanne E. Arnold, Senior Series Editor.
Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.
Gallegos, Dennis R., and Carolyn Kyle. 1991. Archaeological Survey for Camp Pendleton Family
Housing Area. Report prepared by Gallegos and Associates, Carlsbad, California. On file, South
Coast Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego.
Golla, Victor. 2011. Caltfomia Indian Languages. University of California Press: Los Angeles.
Gumprecht, Blake. 2001. The Los Angeles River: Its Life, Deat h, and Possible Rebirth. The Johns
Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
Jennings, C.W. with modifications by C. Guitierrez, W. Bryant, G. Saucedo, C. Wills. 2010. Geological
Map of California, Version 2.0 (California Geologic Survey 150th Anniversary Edition), Department
of Conservation, California Geological Survey: California Geologic Data Map Series, GDM No. 2,
scale 1:750,000.
Johnson, John. R., Thomas W. Stafford, Jr., Henry 0. Ajie, and Don P. Morris. 2002. "Arlington Springs
Revisted." In Proceedings of the California Islands Symposium. 2 vols. Edited by David R. Browne,
Kathryn L. Mitchell, and Henry W. Chaney, pp. 541-545. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural
History, Santa Barbara, California.
Kauffman, Eric. 2021. Climate and Topography. In Atlas of the Biodiversity of Caltfomia, California
Department of Fish and Wildlife. pp. 12-15. United States of America.
Kennedy, M.P., and S.S. Tan, digital prep. Bovard, K.R. et al. 2007. Geologic Map of the Oceanside 30'
x 60' Quadrangle, California, California Department of Conservation California Geological
Survey, Regional Geologic Map RGM-2, 1:100,000.
Krcelich, Marlena and Sarah Corder. 2023. Historic Resource Analysis for 314 Date Avenue in Carlsbad.
On file with South Environmental in Pasadena, California.
Kroeber, Alfred J. 1925. Handbook of the Indians of Caltfomia. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin
78. Dover Publications, Inc., New York.
Koerper, Henry C., Paul E. Langenwalter II, and Adela Schroth. 1991. "Early Holocene Adaptations and
the Transition Phase Problem: Evidence from the Allan 0. Kelly Site, Agua Hedionda Lagoon." In
Hunter-Gatherers of Early Holocene Coastal California, edited by Jon M . Erlandson and Roger H.
Colten, pp. 43-62. Perspectives in Archaeology, Vol. 1, Jeanne E. Arnold, Senior Series Editor.
Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles.
Limahelu, Beth and Sam Murray. 2023. Archaeological Survey Report 314 Date Avenue in Carlsbad On
file with South Environmental in Pasadena, Ca lifornia.
Mithun, M. 2001. The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Moratto, Michael J. 1984. California Archaeology Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.
Moriarty m, James R. 1967. Transitional Pre-Desert Phase in San Diego County, California. Science
155:553-556.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). 2023. U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access.
Electronic resource, https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/us-climate-normals/, accessed June 26,
2023.
Pechanga Band of Luisefio Indians. 2022. Traditional Foods. Electronic document,
https://www.pechanga-nsn.gov/index.php/culture/customs-and-traditions/traditional-foods,
accessed April 24, 2023.
Sparkman, P.S. 1908. The Culture of the Luisefio Indians. University of California Publications in
American Archaeology and Ethnology Vol. 8, No. 4:187-234. Berkley, California.
Sutton, Mark Q. 2015. "Revisions to the Palomar Tradition Model in Southern California Prehistory."
In Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly 51(2):1-18.
Sutton, Mark Q., and Jill K. Gardner. 2010. "Reconceptualizing the Encinitas Tradition of Southern
California." In Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly42(4):1-64.
True, D.L., Clement W. Meighan, and Harvey Crew. 1974. Archaeological Investigations at Mo/pa, San
Diego County, California. University of California Publications in Anthropology, Vol. 11. Berkley.
True, D.L., and Georgie Waugh. 1982. "Proposed Settlement Shifts During San Luis Rey Times,
Northern San Diego County." In Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 4(1):34-54.
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Electronic resource, https://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/gmap/, accessed October 10, 2023.
USGS. 2023. National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) The National Map Viewer. Electronic resource,
https://viewer.nationalmap.gov/services/, accessed October 10, 2023
Wallace, William J. 1955. "A Suggested Chronology for Southern California Coastal Archaeology."
Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 11(3):214-230.
Warren, Claude N.
1967. "The San Dieguito Complex: A Review and Hypothesis." American Antiquity 32(2):168-185.
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1968. "Cultural Tradition and Ecological Adaptation on the Southern California Coast". In Archaic
Prehistory in the Western United States, edited by C. Irwin-Williams, pp. 1-14. Eastern New
Mexico University Contributions to Anthropology 1 (3):1-14. Portales.
Warren, Claude N., D.L. True, and Ardith A. Eudey. 1961. "Early Gathering Complexes of Western San
Diego County: Results and Interpretations of an Archaeological Survey." Archaeological Survey
Annual Report 1960-19613:1-106. Department of Anthropology and Sociology, University of
California, Los Angeles.
Warren, Claude N., and Max G. Pavesic. 1963. "Shell Midden Analysis of Site SDI-603 and Ecological
Implications for Cultural Development of Batiquitos Lagoon, San Diego County, California."
Archaeological Survey Annual Report 1962-1963 5:407-438. Department of Anthropology and
Sociology, University of California, Los Angeles.
Appendix A:
CONFIDENTIAL SCIC Records Search Results
!
South Coastal Information Center
San Diego State University
5500 Campanile Drive
San Diego, CA 92182-5320
Office: (619) 594-5682
www.scic.org
nick@scic.org
CALIFORNIA HISTORICAL RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEM
RECORDS SEARCH
Company: South Environmental
Company Representative: Beth Limahelu
Date Processed: 10/5/2023
Project Identification: 3215-3225 Tyler Street in Carlsbad Project
Search Radius: 1/2 mile
Historical Resources: JL
Trinomial and Primary site maps have been reviewed. All sites within the project
boundaries and the specified radius of the project area have been plotted. Copies of
the site record forms have been included for all recorded sites.
Previous Survey Report Boundaries:
Project boundary maps have been reviewed. National Archaeological Database
(NADB) citations for reports within the project boundaries and within the specified
radius of the project area have been included.
Historic Addresses:
A map and database of historic properties (formerly Geofinder) has been included.
Historic Maps:
The historic maps on file at the South Coastal Information Center have been reviewed,
and copies have been included.
Summary of SHRC Approved
CHRIS IC Records Search
Elements
RSID: 3490
RUSH: no
Hours: 1.5
Spatial Features: 38
Address-Mapped Shapes: yes
Digital Database Records: 47
Quads: 1
Aerial Photos: 0
PDFs: Yes
PDF Pages: 538
This is not an invoice. Please pay from the monthly billing statement
JL
JL
JL
Appendix B:
Sacred Lands File Search and Native American
Scoping Letters
Tribe Name Contact Person
Barona Group of the Capitan Grande Art Bunce, Attorney
Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians Ralph Goff, Chairperson
Native American Heritage Commission
Native American Contact List
San Diego County
11/3/2023
Contact Address Phone#
(760) 489-0329
36190 Church Road, Suite 1 (619) 478-9046
Campo, CA 91906
Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians Michael Garcia, Vice Chairperson 4054 Willows Road (619) 933-2200
Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians Robert Pinto, Chairperson
lipay Nation of Santa Ysabel Virgil Perez, Chairperson
lipay Nation of Santa Ysabel Clint Linton, Director of Cultural
Resources
lnaja-Cosmit Band of Indians Rebecca Osuna, Chairperson
Jamul Indian Village Lisa Cumper, Tribal Historic
Preservation Officer
Jamul Indian Village Erica Pinto, Chairperson
Juaneno Band of Mission Indians Joyce Perry, Cultural Resource
Acjachemen Nation -Belardes Director
Juaneno Band of Mission Indians Heidi Lucero, Chairperson,
Acjachemen Nation 84A THPO
Kwaaymii Laguna Band of Mission Indians Carmen Lucas,
La Jolla Band of Luiseno Indians Norma Contreras, Chairperson
La Posta Band of Diegueno Mission Gwendolyn Parada, Chairperson
Indians
Alpine, CA 91901
4054 Willows Road (619) 368-4382
Alpine, CA 91901
P.O. Box 130 (760) 765-0845
Santa Ysabel, CA 92070
P.O. Box 507 (760) 803-5694
Santa Ysabel, CA 92070
2005 S. Escondido Blvd. (760) 737-7628
Escondido, CA 92025
P.O. Box612 (619) 669-4855
Jamul, CA 91935
P.O. Box612 (619) 669-4785
Jamul, CA 91935
4955 Paseo Segovia (949) 293-8522
Irvine, CA 92603
31411-A La Matanza Street (562) 879-2884
San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675
PO. Box775 (619) 709-4207
Pine Valley, CA 91962
22000 Highway 76 (760) 742-3771
Pauma Valley, CA 92061
8 Crestwood Road (619) 478-2113
Boulevard, CA 91905
11/03/2023 11:25 AM
1 of 3
Fax # Email Address Cultural
Affiliation
buncelaw@aol.com Diegueno
(619) 478-5818 rgoff@campo-nsn.gov Diegueno
(619) 445-9126 michaelg@leaningrock.net Diegueno
(619) 445-9126 ceo@ebki-nsn.gov Diegueno
(760) 765-0320 Diegueno
clint@redtailenvironmental.com Diegueno
(760) 747-8568 Diegueno
lcumper@jiv-nsn.gov Diegueno
(619) 669-4817 epinto@jiv-nsn.gov Diegueno
kaama1am@gmail.com Juaneno
jbmian.chairwoman@gmail.com Juaneno
Kwaaymii
Diegueno
Luiseno
(619) 478-2125 LP13boots@aol.com Diegueno
Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians
Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians
Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation
Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation
Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians
Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians
Joseph Ontiveros, Tribal Historic
Preservation Officer
Jessica Valdez, Cultural
Resource Specialist
Cody Martinez, Chairman
Native American Heritage Commission
Native American Contact List
San Diego County
11/3/2023
P.O. Box487 (951) 663-5279
San Jacinto, CA 92581
P.O. Box487 (951) 663-6261
San Jacinto, CA 92581
Sycuan Tribal Office: 1 (619) 445-2613
Kwaaypaay Court
El Cajon, CA 92019
Bernice Paipa, Cultural Resource Sycuan Cultural Center: 910 (619) 445-6917
Specialist Willow Glen Drive
El Cajon, CA 92019
Ray Teran, Resource 1 Viejas Grade Road (619) 659-2312
Management Director Alpine, CA 91901
Ernest Pingleton, THPO 1 Viejas Grade Road (619) 445-3810
Alpine, CA 91901
(951) 654-4198 jontiveros@soboba-nsn.gov Cahuilla
Luiseno
(951) 654-4198 jvaldez@soboba-nsn.gov Cahuilla
Luiseno
cmartinez@sycuan-nsn.gov Kumeyaay
bpaipa2@sycuan-nsn.gov Kumeyaay
rteran@viejas-nsn.gov Kumeyaay
epingleton@viejas-nsn.gov Kumeyaay
This list is current only as of the date of this document. Distribution of this list does not relieve any person of statutory responsibility as defined in Section 7050.5 of the Health and Safety Code, Section
5097.94 of the Public Resource Section 5097.98 of the Public Resources Code.
This list is only applicable for contacting local Native Americans with regard to cultural resources assessment for the proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street in Carlsbad Project, San Diego County.
11/03/2023 11: 25 AM
3of3
November 8, 2023
Pauma Band of Luiseno Indians
Temet Aguilar, Chairperson
P.O. Box 369
Pauma Valley, CA 92061
bennaecalac@aol.com
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Chairperson Aguilar:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
~
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 20S Pasadena, Califomia 91104 / www.southenwonmental.com
November 8, 2023
Pechanga Band of Indians
Steve Bodmer, General Counsel for Pechanga Band of Indians
P.O. Box 1477
Temecula, CA 92593
sbodmer@pechanga-nsn.gov
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Counselor Bodmer:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological SuNey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
cMt,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
November 8, 2023
Barona Group of the Capitan Grande
Art Bunce
Attorney
buncelaw@aol.com
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Attorney Bunce:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
eHt,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue. Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel
Clint Linton, Director of Cultural Resources
P.O. Box 507
Santa Ysabel, CA 92070
clint@redtailenvironmental.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Director Linton:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
cHt,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
November 8, 2023
Jamul Indian Village
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
Lisa Cumper, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer
P.O. Box 612
Jamul, CA 91935
lcumper@jiv-nsn.gov
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Officer Cumper:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
~tted,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
November 8, 2023
Jamul Indian Village
Erica Pinto, Chairperson
P.O. Box 612
Jamul, CA 91935
epinto@jiv-nsn.gov
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / wwwsouthenvironmental.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Chairperson Pinto:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
~tted,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
November 8, 2023
Pechanga Band of Indians
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
Tuba Ebru Ozdil, Pechanga Cultural Analyst
P.O. Box 2183
Temecula, CA, 92593
eozdil@pechanga-nsn.gov
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Analyst Ebru Ozdil:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site,
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
&&,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue. Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
John Flores, Environmental Coordinator
P.O. Box 365
Valley Center, CA 92082
johnf@sanpasqualtribe.org
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Coordinator Flores:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project {proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map}. The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission {NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
c:tl-(4
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
November 8, 2023
Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians
Michael Garcia, Vice Chairperson
4054 Willows Road
Alpine, CA 91901
michaelg@leaningrock.gov
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue. Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Vice Chairperson Garcia:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurra;y:@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted, a+
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
Pala Band of Mission Indians
Shasta Gaughen, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer
PMB 50, 35008 Pala Temecula Road
Pala, CA 92059
sgaughen@palatribe.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Officer Gaughen:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
~
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
Campo Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
Ralph Goff, Chairperson
36190 Church Road, Suite 1
Campo, CA 91906
rgoff@campo-nsn.gov
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Chairperson Goff:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5 -minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cu ltural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
cHt,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians
Laurie Gonzalez, Tribal Council/Culture Committee Member
One Government Center Lane
Valley Center, CA, 92082
lgonzalez@rincon-nsn.gov
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Council and Committee Member Gonzalez:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
~
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena. California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians
Joseph Linton, Tribal Council/Culture Committee Member
One Government Center Lane
Valley Center, CA 92082
jlinton@rincon-nsn.gov
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Council and Committee Member Linton:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project {proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted, a+
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
San Pasqual Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
Allen Lawson, Chairperson
P.O. Box 365
Valley Center, CA 92082
allenl@sanpasqualtribe.org
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Chairperson Lawson:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
cHh
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 20S Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
Juaneno Band of Mission Indians Acjachemen Nation 84A
Heidi Lucero, Chairperson, THPO
31411-A La Matanza Street
San Juan Capistrano, CA 92675
jbmian.chairwoman@gmail.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Chairwoman Lucero:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
~tted,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
Mesa Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
Michael Linton, Chairperson
P.O Box 270
Santa Ysabel, CA 92070
mesagrandeband@msn.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Chairperson Linton:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
~
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians
Cheryl Madrigal, Cultural Resources Manager/Tribal Historic Preservation Officer
One Government Center Lane
Valley Center, CA, 92082
cmadrigal@rincon-nsn.gov
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Officer Madrgial:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map}. The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
cHt,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 20S Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians
Carmen Mojado, Secretary of Government Affairs
cj mojado@slrmissionindians.org
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Secretary Mojado:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
~
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena. California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians
Joseph Ontiveros, Tribal Historic Preservation Officer
P.O. Box 487
San Jacinto, CA 92581
jontiveros@soboba-nsn.gov
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Officer Ontiveros:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USG$) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
(39(~
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue. Ste. 20S Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation
Bernice Paipa, Cultural Resource Specialist
Sycuan Cultural Center:
910 Willow Glen Drive
El Cajon, CA, 92019
bpaipa2@sycuan-nsn.gov
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Specialist Paipa:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
~tied
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue. Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvlronmental.com
November 8, 2023
La Pasta Band of Diegueno Mission Indians
Gwendolyn Parada, Chairperson
8 Crestwood Road
Boulevard, CA 91905
LP13boots@aol.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Chairperson Parada:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USG$) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
~
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
Juaneno Band of Mission Indians Acjachemen Nation -Belardes
Joyce Perry, Cultural Resource Director
4955 Paseo Segovia
Irvine, CA 92603
kaamalam@gmail.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Director Perry:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
6Ht,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
November 8, 2023
Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians
Ernest Pingleton, THPO
1 Viejas Grade Road
Alpine, CA 91901
epingleton@viejas-nsn.gov
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Officer Pingleton:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure l. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
~tted,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure l. Project Location Map
November 8, 2023
Ewiiaapaayp Band of Kumeyaay Indians
Robert Pinto, Chairperson
4054 Willows Road
Alpine, CA 91901
ceo@ebki-nsn.gov
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue. Ste. 205 Pasadena. Cahfomia 91104 / www.southenvironmentalcom
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project. City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Chairperson Pinto:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
cHt,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue. Ste. 205 Pasadena. California 91104 / www.soulhenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians
Ray Teran, Resource Management Director
1 Viejas Grade Road
Alpine, CA, 91901
rteran@viejas-nsn.gov
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Director Teran:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmentat.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
cHM
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
November 8, 2023
Rincon Band of Luiseno Indians
Denise Turner Walsh, Attorney General
One Government Center Lane
Valley Center, CA 92082
dwalsh@rincon-nsn.gov
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue. Ste. 205 Pasadena. Califomia 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Attorney General Turner Walsh:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
a9httM,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena. Califom,a 9ll04 / www.soulhenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians
Jessica Valdez, Cultural Resource Specialist
P.O. Box 487
San Jacinto, CA 92581
jvaldez@soboba-nsn.gov
RE: 321S-3225 Tyler Street Project. City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Specialist Valdez:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental,com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
C!Mt,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
November 8, 2023
Pala Band of Mission Indians
Alexis Wallick, Assistant THPO
PMB SO, 35008 Pala Temecula Road
Pala, CA 92059
awallick@palatribe.com
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmeotal.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Officer Wallick:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
~tted
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
November 8, 2023
Manzanita Band of Kumeyaay Nation
Angela Elliott Santos, Chairperson
P.O. Box 1302
Boulevard, CA 91905
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue. Ste. 205 Pasadena, Califomia 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Chairperson Elliott Santos:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818} 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, o r mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
~tted,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
2061 N. Los Robles /\venue, Ste. 205 Pasadena. California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
November 8, 2023
Kwaaymii Laguna Band of Mission Indians
Carmen Lucas
P.O. Box 775
Pine Valley, CA 91962
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Ms. Lucas:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USG$) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
~
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
November 8, 2023
Inaja-Cosmit Band of Indians
Rebecca Osuna, Chairperson
2005 S. Escondido Blvd.
Escondido, CA 92025
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 205 Pasadena. California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Chairperson Osuna:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
~~
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
November 8, 2023
Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel
Virgil Perez, Chairperson
P.O. Box 130
Santa Ysabel, CA 92070
2061 N. Los Robles Avenue, Ste. 20S Pasadena, California 91104 / www.southenvironmental.com
RE: 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Chairperson Perez:
South Environmental was retained to conduct a cultural resources inventory in support of the
proposed 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project (proposed project). The area proposed for development
(project site) includes the property located at 3215-3225 Tyler Street in the City of Carlsbad, California.
The project site is located on the United States Geological Survey (USGS) San Luis Rey 7.5-minute
Quadrangle Map in Section 06 of Township 12 South and Range 04 West (see Figure 1. Project
Location Map). The project proposes to demolish the existing buildings on the property and construct
10 three-story residential duplexes and single-family units on the existing 0.51-acre lot.
As part of the process of identifying cultural resources issues for this project, South Environmental
contacted the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) and requested a Sacred Lands File
search. The NAHC responded on November 3, 2023 and reported positive results. The NAHC also
provided a list of Native American tribal organizations and individuals who may have knowledge of
sensitive cultural resources in or near the project site.
If you have any knowledge of cultural resources that may exist within or near the project site, please
contact me directly by phone at (818) 458-1162, email: smurray@southenvironmental.com, or mail at
the address above.
Please note that the request herein is for informational purposes only and does not constitute
Assembly Bill 52 notification or initiation of government-to-government consultation.
Thank you for your assistance with this information request.
Respectfully Submitted,
crlt,
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Attachment: Figure 1. Project Location Map
■
11/8/23, 5:04 PM Mail -Beth Umahelu -Outlook
Automatic reply: Scoping letter -3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad
Shasta Gaughen <sgaughen@palatribe.com>
Wed 11/8/2023 4:45 PM
To:Beth limahelu <blimahelu@southenvironmental.com>
I am at the Tribal Climate & Health Adaptation Summit on Wednesday, 11/8 and Thursday, 11/9 and will be
checking email infrequently. I will be back in the office on Monday, November 13, following the Veterans Day
holiday. If this is urgent, please contact Kurt Broz and kbroz@palatribe.com.
-Shasta Gaughen
https://outlook.office.com/mail/inboxftd/AAMkADE2NzQyYWY3LVv'U4OTYtNDFhMy04NDE1LTU2ZDI0NDUxNTYyMABGAAAAAABlliCQKzNLSo7fQ6... 111
SAN LUIS REY BAND OF MISSION INDIANS
1889 Sunset Drive• Vista, California 92081
760-724-8505 • FAX 760-724-2172
www.slrmissionindians.org
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
Cultural Resources Director
Helix
November 21, 2023
VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL
smurray@southenv iromenta I .com
RE: SLR RESPONSE REGARDING THE 325-3225 TYLER STREET
PROJECT IN CITY OF CARLSBAD, SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CA AND ITS
POTENTIAL IMPACTS TO NATIVE AMERICAN TRIBAL CULTURAL
RESOURCES
Dear Ms. Murray:
We, the San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians ("Tribe'') have received and reviewed
your letter dated November 8, 2023 (and inclusive maps) regarding the proposed 3215-3225
Tyler Street Project in the City of Carlsbad, CA. We further understand from your letter that you
are inquiring whether the Tribe possesses any information and/or concerns regarding tribal
cultural resources and/or Sacred Lands in the Project Area.
We are a northern San Diego County Tribe traditionally and culturally affiliated with
Camp Pendleton, the current cities of Oceanside, Carlsbad, Encinitas, Vista, San Marcos and
Escondido, as well as many unincorporated areas within northern San Diego County, such as the
communities of Fall brook, Bonsall and Valley Center. We are resolute in the preservation and
protection of tribal cultural resources within all these jurisdictions.
Our Tribe has intimate knowledge about the many discoveries made throughout the
Project Area and is aware of cultural resource sites within close proximity to the proposed
Project. We strongly urge caution in assessing the land encompassing the Project for any ground
disturbing purposes, as well as incorporating the presence of a Luisefio Native American monitor
during all ground disturbing activities (including but not limited to any and all boring activities)
and cultural resource assessment surveys.
ln regards to information our Tribe can provide South Environmental regarding these
tribal cultural resources and sacred sites within the Project Area, we respectfully request that any
further discussion be done in person. Please contact our Cultural Resource Manager Cami
Mojado at (760) 9 17-1736 or via email at cjmojado@slrmissionindians.org to arrange a mutually
acceptable meeting date and time.
SLR Response to Cultural Resource Information Inquiry -3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad,
California Project in the City of San Marcos, CA
Page 1
Furthermore, the Tribe requests that any and all cultural resource surveys completed in
the Project Area and/or for the benefit of this Project be provided to the Tribe's Cultural
Department at 1889 Sunset Drive, Vista, CA 92081 as your earliest convenience. If digital copies
are available, please send them directly to cjmojado@slrmissionindians.org. If a cultural
resource survey has not been completed as of today's date, then the Tribe respectfully requests
that a Luisefio Native American monitor be present during any proposed survey of the Project
property.
We appreciate this opportunity to provide information and/or share our concerns
regarding this Project. We thank you for your assistance in protecting our invaluable Luisefio
tribal cultural resources.
Sincerely,
Cami Mojado
Cultural Resource Specialist
San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians
SLR Response to Cultural Resource Information Inquiry -3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad,
California Project in the City of San Marcos. CA
Page 2
Beth Limahelu
From:
Sent:
To:
Cc:
Subject:
Ray Teran <rteran@viejas-nsn.gov>
Wednesday, November 29, 2023 9:30 AM
Beth Limahelu
Ernest Pingleton
RE: Scoping Letter -3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad
In reviewing the above referenced project, the Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians (UViejas") would like
to comment at this time.
The project area may contain many sacred sites to the Kumeyaay people. We request that these
sacred sites be avoided with adequate buffer zones.
Additionally, Viejas is requesting, as appropriate, the following:
• All NEPA/CEQA/NAGPRA/CALNAGPRA laws be followed
Immediately contact Viejas on any changes or inadvertent discoveries.
Please call Ernest Pingleton at 619-655-0410 or email, epingleton@viejas-nsn.gov, for additional
information. Thank you.
From: Beth Limahelu <blimahelu@southenvironmental.com>
Sent: Tuesday, November 28, 2023 11:04 PM
To: Ray Teran <rteran@viejas-nsn.gov>
Subject: FW: Scoping Letter -3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad
Hello,
I am following up on this email regarding the attached informational scoping letter for the proposed 3215-3225 Tyler
Street Project in the City of Carlsbad, Ventura County, California. Please let me know if you have any questions or
feedback. Thank you!
Warm Regards,
Beth Limahelu, B.S.
Archaeologist
~~!i?o~!,lj
Mobile: 626.422.4837
www .southenvi ronmental .com
From: Beth Limahelu
Sent: Wednesday, November 8, 2023 4:27 PM
To: Ray Teran <rteran@viejas-nsn.gov>
Subject: Scoping Letter -3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad
Hello,
1
Rincon Band of Luisefio Indians
CULTURAL RESOURCES DEPARTMENT
One Government Center Lane I Valley Center I CA 92082
(760)749-1092 I Fax: (760) 749-890 I I rincon-nsn.gov
December 5, 2023
Sent via email: smurray@southeovironmental.com
Re: 3215-3225 Tyler Street, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California
Dear Ms. Murray,
This letter is written on behalf of the Rincon Band of Luisefio Indians ("Rincon Band" or "Tribe"), a federally
recognized Indian tribe and sovereign government. We have received your notification regarding the above
referenced project and we thank you for the opportunity to consult on the project. The identified location is within
the Traditional Use Area of the Luisefio people and within the Tribe's specific Area of Historic Interest (AHI). As
such, the Rincon Band is traditionally and culturally affiliated to the project area.
After review of the provided documents and our internal information, the Rincon Band has specific concerns that
the project may impact tangible Tribal Cultural Resources. The project site is culturally sensitive, with many
resources and known gathering areas as well as the positive sacred land files search. At this time the Rincon Band
would like to consult directly with the lead agency, to review any potential impacts in this project site.
If you have additional questions or concerns, please do not hesitate to contact our office at your convenience at
(760) 749 1092 ext. 320 or via electronic mail at slinton@rincon-nsn.gov. Thank you for the opportunity to protect
and preserve our cultural assets.
Sincerely,
~~
Shuuluk Linton
Tribal Historic Preservation Office Coordinator
Cultural Resources Department
Bo Mazzetti
Chainnan
Tishmal I Turner
Vice Chair
Laurie E. Gonzalez
Council Member
John Constantino
Council Member
Joseph Linton
Council Member
Appendix C:
Isolate DPR Form
Beth Limahelu, BS Resume, Page 2
RECENT P ROJECT EXPERIENCE
SCE Wildlfire Mitigation Plan (WMP) -Grid Design, Operation, and Maintenance / Vegetation
Management (VM) (2021-ongoing). SCE administers several ongoing maintenance programs aimed at
strengthening its distribution, transmission, and substation infrastructure and supporting its wildfire mitigation
strategy. As part of these initiatives, SCE implements mitigation activities such as covered conductor
installation, undergrounding of electric lines and/or equipment, distribution pole replacement/reinforcement,
and remediating/trimming/removing trees and clearing vegetation around poles and along transmission lines.
These activities are planned with considerable priority on High Fire Threat Districts-many of which encompass
public lands. Its WMP is a major initiative to reduce the risk of utility-related ignitions resulting in catastrophic
wildfires.
• Archaeological Surveyor Ms. Limahelu conducted numerous pre-construction surveys in advance of
grid improvement and vegetation management activities. She located poles and individual trees that
were often in remote locations, surveyed the appropriate Areas of Potential Effects (APEs) for cultural
resources, and provided mitigation recommendations. These surveys included confirming the accuracy
of previously recorded resources in the vicinity, documenting updates, and identifying and recording
new cultural resources within environmental contexts. During these surveys Ms. Limahelu independently
surveyed approximately 250 trees, 67 poles, and 1 HLZ and recorded 23 sites, 11 isolates, and 12 record
updates. She also prepared several DPRs for these projects.
• Archaeological Monitor Ms. Limahelu acted as an archaeological monitor for numerous pole
replacements, grid upgrades, and vegetation management activities. A considerable amount of this work
occurred within the context of large-scale fire emergency support programs located in Sequoia National
Park and Sequoia National Forest. Ms. Limahelu conducted preconstruction surveys of APEs and overland
travel routes-identifying, recording, and mitigating resources. She coordinated with linemen and
construction/veg management crews to ensure that construction activities complied with their respective
Environmental Requirements and Scope of Work. She also recorded newly identified resources and
prepared Primary Records or record updates for several of these projects. While acting as an
archaeological monitor, Ms. Limahelu recorded 13 sites, 7 isolates, and 17 record updates.
SCE Cal City llSkV Upgrade Project -Kern and San Bernardino Counties, California (January-June
2023). Ms. Limahelu served as an archaeologist on the Cal City 115kV Upgrade Project which proposed to
upgrade SCE's existing Cal City Substation and construct two new 115kV subtransmission lines to serve the
upgraded substation. Ms. Limahelu conducted intensive pedestrian surveys, site recordation in the field, and
completion of DPR forms for 56 prehistoric and historic archaeological sites identified throughout the survey
area.
SCE Pickel Meadow and Robinson Creek 16kV Distribution Lines -Humbolt-Toiyabe National Forest
(HTNF) {July 2022). As part of an archaeological field survey crew, Ms. Limahelu conducted a Whole Circuit
Survey of SCE distribution lines in HTNF. This work covered approximately 750 acres and included an intensive
pedestrian survey and recording historic/prehistoric resources within their environmental context.
SCE Transmission Right of Way {TROW) As part of their Transmission Operations, SCE employs a
Transmission Road and Right of Way (TROW) team who repair, build, and maintain critical access roads for
SCE crews and emergency responders to perform their jobs and reduce power outage times. A major
component of this program is regularly clearing and grading rural TROW roads east of the Sierra Nevada
Mountain Range.
■
Beth Limahelu, BS Resume, Page 3
• Bishop llSkV Transmission Line, Roads Control Project #00700141-000-PAS, Phase 02 -Inyo
County, California (September 19-20 and October 11-15, 2022). Ms. Limahelu served as an
archaeological surveyor and monitor for clearance and grading activities roughly between the cities of
Aberdeen and Bishop in Inyo County, CA. She coordinated with the SCE grader operator and a waters
monitor in order to survey ahead of grading activities and stake "lift blade" zones around existing and
newly environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs). During her time on this project, Ms. Limahelu identified
and recorded 6 sites, 5 isolates, and 1 site update.
• Silverpeak Roads Control Project #00700141-000-PAS -Inyo National Forest (INF). Inyo County,
California (September 21-23, 2022). Ms. Limahelu acted as an archaeologic surveyor for the TROW
Control Silverpeak Project. She conducted extensive preconstruction surveys over three days in the Deep
Springs and Wyman Creek areas, identifying and recording 16 isolates, 5 sites, and 2 site updates.
SCE Environmental Clearance Projects and Other Subconsultant Development Projects South
Environmental has been contracted as a subconsultant to prepare cultural resource documentation for a
variety of private and public sector construction projects. Ms. Limahelu conducted fieldwork and prepared
Phase I Cultural Assessment Reports for ten of these projects. Each study included a review of
archaeological/ethnographic literature and CHRIS records search results; a California Native American Heritage
Commission (NAHC) Sacred Lands File search and informational letters to local tribes; a paleontological
resources records search; an intensive pedestrian survey of the project site by a qualified archaeologist; and
when relevant, documentation of cultural resources using DPR forms. Ms. Limahelu conducted intensive
pedestrian surveys of project sites, assisted with search requests and local tribal outreach, and prepared
Cultural Assessment Reports including several updated prehistoric and ethnographic contexts.
• Colton Truck and Trailor Project, City of Colton, San Bernardino County, California (2023)
• San Jacinto Connectivity Project, City of Perris, Riverside County, California (2023)
• Grapevine Project, Unincorporated Los Angeles County, California (2023-ongoing)
• San Francisquito Project, City of Santa Clarita, Los Angeles County, California (2023-ongoing)
• 314 Date Avenue Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California (2023)
• 4100 Guardian Street Project, City of Simi Valley, Ventura County California (2023)
• Mead Valley Cajalco Sewer Project, Riverside County, California (2023)
• 3215-3225 Tyler Street Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California (2023)
• 270 Juniper Avenue Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California (2023)
• 510-512 East Ojai Avenue Project, City of Oj ai, Ventura County, California (2023)
PUBLICATIONS
• Limahelu, Beth 2013 Ceramics. In Living on the Edge: The Archaeology of Two Western Mojave Desert
Landscapes, edited by Mark W. Allen, pp. 122-126. Maturango Museum Publication No. 25, Maturango
Press, California.
SPECIALIZED T RAINING
• Cultural Resource Management Course, CPP, Grade A
o Knowledge of CEQA, NHPA Section 106, NAGPRA, and CRM law and practice.
o Trained to prepare Primary/Site Records, Location Maps, Photograph Records, and NRHP forms.
• Lab Methods Experience and Course, CPP, Grade A
o Identified and catalogued artifacts.
o Used floatation screening methods.
o Guest lectured later CPP Lab Methods courses on analysis of ground stone and ceramic resources.
■
Beth Limahelu, BS Resume, Page 4
o Analyzed over 500 artifacts for two academic research projects.
• Fieldwork Experience and Courses, CPP, Grade A
o Conducted archaeological surveys and test excavations as part of three CPP field courses (2010-
2012) and subsequent research projects in coordination with US Forest Service and Bureau of Land
Management Archaeology Supervisors.
o Produced site, level, and profile map records.
o Recorded maps, sites, features, etc. using submeters.
• Forensic Anthropology Experience and Course, CPP, Grade A.
o Training in identification, lab analysis, field methods, professionalism, and ethics.
o Produced mock forensic investigation "bone scatter" report.
o Research, Data Collection, Analysis, and Technical Writing
o Identified and sorted damaged skeletal remains as a volunteer for Paiute Tribal members as an
archaeologist affiliated with CPP.
• Research, Presentation, and Publication Experience
o Produced research design comparable to master's thesis proposal for Archaeological Theory,
Grade A.
o Analyzed ceramics as part of the Sage Canyon Archaeological Research Project under the guidance
of Dr. Mark W. Allen, CPP Professor. Presented and published work.
o Analyzed a high-yield collection of over 400 artifacts including ground stone, quartz crystal
artifacts, non-utilitarian and ritual artifacts, and ecofacts for the Rock Camp Archaeological
Research/Reanalysis Project.
o Supervised an undergrad student in her analysis of the ceramic sherds.
ACADEMIC P RESENTATIONS
Living on the Edge: Recent Archaeological Research in the Southern Sierra Nevada and the Western
Mojave Desert: The Material Culture of the Sage Canyon Archaeological Landscape. Presented by
Krystal Kissinger, Gregory R. Burns, Beth Limahelu, and Aimee Lee Van Havermaat. California
Polytechnic University, Pomona and University of California, Davis. March 30, 2012. Paper presented at
the 46th Annual Meeting of the Society for California Archaeology 2012 Annual Meeting as part of a symposium
presenting analyses of the material culture from upper and lower Sage Canyon. Resources were recovered
through test excavations and limited surface collection at numerous sites over several years. These range in
age from the Gypsum through the Late Prehistoric Complexes, with the highest concentrations dating from
the Rose Spring Complex. Ms. Limahelu presented an analysis of the ceramic artifacts and compared their
spatial and temporal distribution patterns to collections throughout the region, shedding light on food
processing practices, economics, and the informative potential of ceramics.
Further from the Points: Reanalysis of the Rock Camp Ground Stone, Ceramics, and Non-Utilitarian
Artifacts. Presented by Beth Limahelu, California Polytechnic University, Pomona. March 13, 2016. Paper
presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Society for California Archaeology 2016 Annual Meeting as part
of a symposium dealing with the results of recent and past work in the San Bernardino National Forest to
better understand the area and to describe its use and importance in both history and prehistory. Ms. Limahelu
presented a paper regarding her reanalysis of the non-chipped stone material culture from the Rock Camp
site (SBR342). Preliminary examinations of ground stone, ceramics, and non-utilitarian artifacts shed light on
prehistoric food processing, external social relationships, and ideology in the San Bernardino Mountains.
Spatial and temporal patterns in the distribution of these assemblages were synthesized and compared with
others from the same mountain range and adjacent regions.
■
EDUCATION
M.A., Anthropology,
California State University,
Los Angeles, 2013
B.A., Anthropology,
California State University,
Northridge, 2003
PROFESSIONAL
AFFILIATIONS
California Preservation
Foundation
National Trust for Historic
Preservation
PROFESSIONAL
CERTIFICATIONS
Registered Professional
Archaeologist #28686211
(2013)
PROFESSIONAL
EXPERIENCE
Dudek (2014-2021), Cultural
Resources Project Manager;
Historic Built Environment
Lead
SWCA Environmental
Consultants (2008-2014),
Senior Architectural
Historian/ Cultural Resources
Project Manager
BonTerra Consulting (2006-
2008), Project Assistant
Email: smurray@southenvironmental.com
Mobile: 818-458-1162
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA
CULTURAL RESOURCES DIRECTOR
Samantha Murray is the cultural resources director and archaeological
principal investigator at South Environmental with over 17 years' experience
in all elements of cultural resources management, including project
management, archaeology and architectural history studies, and significance
evaluations in consideration of the National Register of Historic Places
(NRHP), California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR), and local-level
designation criteria. Ms. Murray has conducted thousands of Phase I
archaeological studies, historical resource evaluations, and has developed
detailed historic context statements for a multitude of property types and
architectural styles. She has also provided expertise on numerous projects
requiring conformance with the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the
Treatment of Historic Properties.
Ms. Murray meets the Secretary of the Interior's Professional Qualification
Standards for both Archaeology and History. She is experienced managing
multidisciplinary projects in the lines of private development, transportation,
transmission and generation, federal land management, land development,
and state and local government. She is an expert in preparation of cultural
resources compliance documentation for projects that fall under the
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), National Environmental Policy
Act (NEPA), and Sections 106 and 110 of the National Historic Preservation
Act (NHPA). Ms. Murray has also served as an expert witness in legal
proceedings concerning historical resources under CEQA and local
ordinance protection.
EXPERTISE
• CEQA, NEPA, and Section 106 of the NHPA compliance
documentation in consideration of impacts to historical,
archaeological, and tribal cultural resources, and historic properties.
• Resource significance evaluations in consideration of NRHP, CRHR,
and local designation criteria.
• Project design review for conformance with the Secretary of the
Interior's Standards.
• Assistance with complex mitigation including HABS/HAER/HALS,
salvage, and interpretive displays.
• Peer review.
■
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA Resume, Page 2
SELECT PROJECT EXPERIENCE
Phase I Archaeological Resources Report for 17-21 West Montecito Street Project, Santa Barbarba,
California (2023). South Environmental was retained to complete a Phase I Archaeological Resources
Report for the 17-21 West Montecito Street Project located in the City of Santa Barbara, California. This
report included the results of a California Historical Resources Information Center (CHRIS) records search
of the project site and a 0.5-mile radius; a search of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC)
Sacred Lands File; Native American outreach; an intensive-level archaeological survey; and development
of a cultural context for the project site. No cultural resources were identified within the project site, but
recommended measures were included for unanticipated discoveries of cultural resources and human
remains.
SoCalGas Ventura Compressor Station Modernization Project, City of Ventura, Ventura County,
California (2023). South Environmental was retained to complete a Cultural Resources Inventory Report
for the Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas) Ventura Compressor Modernization Project located
in the City of Ventura, California. This report included an inventory of any archaeological, unique
archaeological, and historic built-environment resources that could be affected by the proposed Project.
Identification efforts include the results of a California Historical Resources Information Center (CHRIS)
records search of the Project site and a 0.5-mile radius; a search of the Native American Heritage
Commission's (NAHC's) Sacred Lands File; an intensive-level survey; and development of a cultural context
for the Project site. No archaeological, unique archaeological, or historic built environment resources were
identified within the project site, however, Best Management Practices were recommended for
inadvertent discoveries of human remains and cultural resou rces. Ms. Murray also oversaw preparation of
the Proponent's Environmental Assessment (PEA) for the Cultural Resources and Tribal Cultural Resources
sections.
SoCalGas Data Collection Unit (DCU) Installation Project Environmentally Sensitive Habitat and
Cultural Resources Assessment, Santa Barbara County, California (2023). Working as a subconsultant,
South Environmental was retained on behalf of SoCalGas for submittal of a report to the Santa Barbara
County Planning and Development Department (P&D) in support of the Data Collection Unit (DCU)
Installation Project. The purpose of the report was to support a Zoning Clearance and provide
determinations consistent with the requirements of Santa Barbara County Land Use and Development
Code (LUDC) § 35.44.030 -Telecommunications Facilities Appurtenant to Natural Gas Distribution
Facilities. The report included completion of a records search with the Central Coast Information Center
(CCIC), an intensive pedestrian survey of the project location and an appropriate buffer, and outreach with
local stake holders. Ms. Murray served as the archaeological principal investigator on the project and
conducted QA/QC of all final work products.
SoCalGas Park Lane PSEP Valve Upgrade Project -Environmentally Sensitive Habitat and Cultural
Resources Assessment, 905 Park Lane, Santa Barbara County, California (2022). Working as a
subconsultant, South Environmental was retained on behalf of SoCalGas for submittal of a report to the
Santa Barbara County Planning and Development Department (P&D) in support of the Park Lane PSEP
Valve Upgrade Project. The purpose of the report was to support a Zoning Clearance and provide
determinations consistent with the requirements of Santa Barbara County Land Use and Development
Code (LUDC) § 35.44.030 -Telecommunications Facilities Appurtenant to Natural Gas Distribution
Facilities. The report included completion of a records search with the Central Coast Information Center
(CCIC), an intensive pedestrian survey of the project location and an appropriate buffer, and outreach with
local stake holders. Ms. Murray served as the archaeological principal investigator on the project and
conducted QA/QC of all final work products.
■
Samantha Murray. MA, RPA Resume, Page 3
HSSR, Confidential Residential Project, Confidential Client. Santa Barbara, California (2018-2021).
While working for her previous firm, Ms. Murray served as the principal architectural historian and co-
author of the report. The property included the recordation and evaluation of a 1920s Spanish Colonial
Revival Estate that is located in Montecito. As part of this study, a Phase 1 HSSR was prepared for the
property that included a historic context statement and significance evaluation and a Phase 2 HSSR was
prepared that provided a detailed impacts analysis and Secretary of the Interior's standards conformance
review.
Historic Structures/Sites Report for the Arroyo Burro Open Space Park Project, Santa Barbara,
California (2018). While working for her previous firm, Ms. Murray served as principal investigator, co-
author of report, and performed QA/QC of all documents. The City of Santa Barbara to requested
preparation of an updated HSSR for the Arroyo Burrow Open Space Park located within the city of Santa
Barbara. The City provided previously prepared studies of the project area, which were synthesized as part
of the updated study. In addition, Dudek conducted supplemental archival research on the property and
conducted an updated intensive-level pedestrian survey of the property for both archaeological and
historic built environment resources. One historic built environment resource, the Veronica Springs
Medicinal Water Company, was found not eligible under all NRHP, CRHR, and City designation criteria
due to a lack of integrity. (2018)
Judicial Council of California Historical Resource Evaluation Report for the Figueroa Division
Courthouse, City of Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County, California (2017). While working for her
previous firm, Ms. Murray co-authored the report and provided QA/QC of the final cultural resources
report. The Judicial Council of California (JCC) requested an evaluation of the Santa Monica Courthouse
building, located at 118 E. Figueroa Street in the City of Santa Barbara, California. To comply with Public
Resources Code Section 5024(b), the JCC must submit to the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO)
an inventory of all structures over 50 years of age under the JCC's jurisdiction that are listed in or that
may be eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), or registered or that may
be eligible for registration as a California Historical Landmark (CHL). The Figueroa Division Courthouse
was found not eligible for designation under al l applicable criteria.
Department of General Services Historical Resource Evaluation for the Santa Barbara Armory
Complex, City of Santa Barbara, California (2017). While working for her previous firm, Ms. Murray
served as lead author and provided QA/QC of all final cultural resources deliverables. The State of
California Department of General Services to mitigate potential adverse effects to the Santa Barbara
Armory (700 East Canon Perdido Street), a state-owned historical resource proposed to be transferred
from state ownership to a local agency or private owner. Ms. Murray prepared a detailed significance
evaluation for the Santa Barbara Armory in the consideration NRHP, CRHR, CHL, and City of Santa Barbara
designation criteria and integrity requirements. SHPO concurred with the evaluation findings and had no
comments.
Goleta Beach Park Bridge Replacement Project, Santa Barbara County, California (2013). While
working for her previous firm, Ms. Murray served as lead archaeologist, field director, and primary author
of the Caltrans Archaeological Survey Report (ASR). The County of Santa Barbara proposed to demolish
the existing, structurally deficient, Goleta Beach Park Bridge (bridge no. 51C-0158) over the Goleta Slough
and replace it with a new bridge. As part of the ASR, Ms. Murray conducted a records search with the
CCIC, completed NAHC coordination, and conducted an intensive pedestrian survey of a 4.67-acre project
APE.
■
Samantha Murray, MA, RPA Resume, Page 4
PUBLICATIONS
• Gross, C., Melmed, A., Murray, S., Dietler, S., and Gibson, H. 2012. Osteological Analysis In Not
Dead but Gone Before: The Archaeology of Los Angeles City Cemetery, edited by H. Gibson and
S. Dietler, AECOM Cultural Heritage Publication Number 4, San Diego.
• Murray, S. 2013. The People of Plaza Church Cemetery (1822-1844): An Osteological Analysis of
Los Angeles' First Cemetery. UMI Dissertation Publishing, ProQuest LLC., Michigan.
SPECIALIZED T RAINING
• CEQA and Historic Preservation: A 360 Degree View, CPF, 2015
• Historic Designation and Documentation Workshop, CPF, 2012
• Historic Context Writing Workshop, CPF, 2011
• Section 106 Compliance Training, SWCA, 2010
• CEQA Basics Workshop, SWCA, 2009
• NEPA Basics Workshop, SWCA, 2008
• CEQA, NEPA, and Other Legislative Mandates Workshop, UCLA, 2008
PROFESSIONAL PRESENTATIONS
Historical Resources and CEQA: An Overview of Identification, Evaluation, Impacts Assessment, and
Mitigation. Prepared for the Gilroy Historic Heritage Committee. Presented by Samantha Murray,
Dudek. May 15, 2019. Delivered a LS-hour PowerPoint presentation to the City of Gilroy's Historic
Heritage Committee during one of their monthly public hearings. The presentation provided an overview
of the CEQA process, how historical resources are treated under CEQA, as well as the process for
identification, evaluation, impacts assessment, and options to consider for mitigation. The presentation
also included examples from CEQA Case Law and included an extensive question and answer session with
the audience.
Historical Resources under CEQA. Prepared for the Orange County Historic Preservation Planner
Working Group. Presented by Samantha Murray, Dudek. December 1, 2016. Delivered a 1-hour
PowerPoint presentation to the Orange County Historic Preservation Planner Working Group, which
included planners from different municipalities in Orange County, regarding the treatment of historical
resources under CEQA. Topics of discussion included identification of historical resources, assessing
impacts, avoiding or mitigating impacts, overcoming the challenges associated with impacts to historical
resources, and developing effective preservation alternatives.
Knowing What You're Asking For: Evaluation of Historic Resources. Prepared for Lorman Education
Services. Presented by Samantha Murray and Stephanie Standerfer, Dudek. September 19, 2014.
With Ms. Standerfer, delivered a one-hour PowerPoint presentation to paying workshop attendees from
various cities and counties in Southern California. The workshop focused on outlining the basics of
historical resources under CEQA and delved into issues/challenges frequently encountered on
preservation projects.