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Home My WebLink AboutEIA 97-05; SOUTH AGUA HEDIONDA INTERCEPTOR SEWER REACH 1E; ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THREE SEWER LINE SEGMENTS (SAHT1E); 1998-06-010 0 Affinis Shadow Volley Center • 847 Jomocha Road • El Cajon, California 92019 • (619) 441-0144 June 1, 1998 Mr. William Plummer; P.E. Carlsbad Municipal Water District 5950 El Camino Real Carlsbad, CA 92008 REFERENCE: RESULTS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF THREE PLANNED SEWER LINE SEGMENTS (SAHTlE) (Affinis Job No. 1261) This letter report details the findings of the archaeological survey of three planned segments of sewer line located in Carlsbad, California (Figure 1). The sewer segments are in an unsectioned portion of Township 11 South, Range 4 West, on the USGS 7.~• San Luis Rey quadrangle (Figure 2). The study was conducted for the Carlsbad Municipal Water District as part of the planned construction . of the South Agua Hedionda Trunk Sewer (SAHTS). The segments examined are portions''of ~~ach SAHTlE. The purpose of this study was to)dentify potential cultural resources located within the sewer segment corridors and recommend ·appropriate mitigation measures for any resources found. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The three segments surveyed are part of the proposed SAHTS currently under study. The SAHTS would receive flows from existing and future land developments in the tributary area. The planned. segments. would ultimately tie • into existing sewer segments at Palmer Way and El Camino Real, as well as connecting into sewer improvements planned as part of the proposed Terraces project. A 30 ft easement for equipment access along each corridor would be necessary. The Rancho Carlsbad segment, the westernmost of the three segments, is approximately 3625 ft long, and would run from Sunny Creek Road through the Rancho Carlsbad golf course to El Camino Real (Figure 3). · Portions of the corridor lie beneath an asphalt golf cart path, a paved roadway, fairways, roughs, and greens. The easternmost portion of the segment would run along the northern edge of the existing Sunny Creek Road, adjacent to an equestrian ring and a block of stables. ·--South Laguna an Ca~istrano , 0 --0 0 C' 5 10 Miles Affinis 0 C"I Shadow Valley Center 847 Jamacha Road El Cajon, CA 92019 Beach De Ocean Beach SanPiego -----------Pa Obs .~~e:~;~:f '!if!} EICapitafl Reservoir Lakeside Alpine Barrett Lake~ Regional location in San Diego County I Borrego IE aca Reservoir Desert State Park 0.. I I I la I I r I I I I I I oJ.Cabe7,,.......,, .... I, Figure 1 --------------------.-------------------------·--------------- ~ ~ "JI • ,-(2 ........... -, / if' ~:::::? --,, ,. ... _ - .))--=::::::,~ . T1_nk U-" ,, - I/ I/ -I/ --// . 11---. --.. -.;. .· -:..- ~ -- , -- / r -::=:- : .;, I -s~. ::::_, _:_-'. 0 • 1/-II,.•~-• -,,:.~'.~---.--. \\ ,:', __ ,;'I) ,:.•, Affinis Shadow Valley Center 847 Jamacha Road El Cajon, CA 920 19 r .. Sewer Segment Locations Figure 2 0 0 The second segment would extend approximately 500 ft westward from the existing sewer line at Palmer Way (Figure 4). The segment would cross the yard of a landscape maintenance company and the stock pens behind a rest home facility. SETTING Physical Setting The sewer segments lie in the coastal plains of San Diego, approximately 3.5 miles (5.5 km) east of the present day coastline. The coastal plains is an area of generally gently sloping topography which ranges in elevation from sea level to about 600 ft (183 m) above mean sea level (MSL). Annual rainfall in the area varies from 9 in (23 cm) to 16 in (41 cm) (Griner and Pryde 1976). The oldest geologic materials in the vicinity of the proposed sewer routes are the sediments of the Cretaceous-age Rosario Group, which includes conglomerates, sandstones, and siltstones. The conglomerates are granitic and volcanic boulders in a matrix of sandstones and siltstones; this is the Lusardi Formation. Overlying and interfingered with the Lusardi Formation are sandstones, siltstones, and claystones of the Point Loma Formation. The Cretaceous-age sediments are present along the eastern segment corridor route. The Pleistocene-age sediments are older alluvial and stream terrace deposits comprised of interbedded sands, silts, and clays (predominantly silty sands and clayey sands). These sediments are also present at shallow depths beneath Holocene-age sediments in the area. The Holocene-age alluvial/colluvial deposits are materials that have been eroded and deposited in the drainages and on the valley flanks. These consist of sands, silty sands, clayey sands, and sand clays, and are usually six feet or less in thickness (Southern California Soil & Testing 1996). Cultural Environment Several recent summaries discuss the prehistory of the San Diego region and provide a background for understanding the archaeology of the general area surrounding the project. Moratto's (1984) review of the archaeology of California contains important discussions of Southern California, including the San Diego area. Papers by Bull (1983, 1987), Carrico (1987), Gallegos (1987), and Warren (1985, 1987) provide summaries of recent work and interpretations. The planned sewer lines are situated in an area rich with documented historic and prehistoric cultural resources, and numerous previous archaeological studies have been conducted in the vicinity of the current project. Areas near the sewer line segments were surveyed in 1983 (Hector 1983). Several archaeological sites were noted during that survey. CA-SDI-9700 (SDM-W-3391) was recorded as a shell midden located on a hilltop. Shell and dark soil were observed. In addition to CA-SDI-9700, a pile of melted adobe beneath a metal plate was noted on the south side of Sunny Creek Road. Several pieces of wood with round-headed (recent) nails were found nearby, "and no significance is given to the adobe pile" (Hector 1983:5). 6 C 0 · = 200' Approximate scale· 1" MANITOU PWI-. =INEERINO COMPA ... --·--IJQNED1NG NY DC:mlml,ou.-allltlm • SUIIY£Y1NCI . 'ftlDNlllll(l111,,, __ +·- Affinis Shadow Valley C 8 enter 4 7 Jamacha Road Palmer wa Y segment location (SAHTS1 D) Figure 4 El Cajon, CA 92019 ------ Source: Manitou Engineering 1998 Affinis Shadow Valley Center 847 Jamacha Road El Cajon, CA 92019 n Future creek crossing ',✓-----------------..... 0 BO 120 180 240ft GRAPHIC1 SCALE Figure 5 _•· . __ ,·:o' ,' ~ '\ @, •• J :i 0 I • . • .'-J ~~~-\_ , ·><d \, . ·•. - Source: Manitou Engineering 1998 Affinis Shadow Valley Center 847 Jamacha Road El Cajon. CA 92019 1 \. ·•"" .. . -· <;:;;::};::~:__ ··----:----~ ~-~ . \. -. .... -·· ·-·===,::;;:= ~ ~--·:· . . .! : Rancho Carlsbad segment location (SAHTS1 E) \_ . . .. . : .• : ·, . . .,,, :: . : •... +-' . , . ' { VJIIP-,: . • . I. • 12D Figure 3 . ' \ )r .. : i .• ·\ .: ,,; ~ 0 .0 (SDM-W-3391) was recorded as a shell midden located on a hilltop. Shell and dark soil were observed. In addition to CA-SDI-9700, a pile of melted adobe beneath a metal plate was noted on the south side of Sunny Creek Road. Several pieces of wood with round-headed (recent) nails were found nearby,"and no significance is given to the adobe pile" (Hector 1983:5). Hector did not record the adobe melt with the South Coastal Information Center and the San Diego Museum of Man, but it was later recorded with the Museum as SDM-W-4033. Archaeological site, CA-SDI-9701 (SDM-W-601), immediately north of Agua Hedionda Creek, was originally recorded in 1974 by Fink, who noted manos and tools and suggested the site may be a La Jollan village. He indicated that the research potential appeared.to be high (site-record for SDM-W-601, on file at San .Diego Museum of Man). Hector noted CA-SDI-9701 as "a large, very important midden deposit" (Hector 1983:1), including shell, dark soil, a hammerstone, and a bedrock milling feature. Both CA-SDI-9700 and CA-SDI-9701 were tested by Robbins-Wade and Gross. in 1996. CA- SDI-9700 was found to be between a simple shellfish processing site and a complex habitation site. A range of tools was found, but the site lacks the intensity of use of a more complex habitation site. Radiocarbon analysis places use of the site around 7610±70 years ago. The site represents the La Jolla complex. Site CA-SDI-9701 is very large and only a very small part of itWqS tested; the tested portion may not be representative of the entire site. The portion of CA- SD.179701 that was tested contains a limited range of cultural material and appears to represent a processing site. A radiocarbon date of 860±60 years ago was obtained, and artifacts diagnostic of Late Prehistoric use were found. Other recorded sites close to the sewer segment corridors include: CA-SDI-14,337, CA-SDI- 14,338 and CA-SDI-14,339H, which are located south of Agua Hedionda Creek, and CA-SDI- 9093 and CA-SDI-9615, which are located north of the Rancho Carlsbad segment. Numerous isolated artifacts have also been recorded in the general vicinity. A summary of sites within approximately one-mile of the sewer segments is provided in Appendix A. Biological Environment The proposed sewer segment corridors primarily lie in areas previously disturbed by current or historic agricultural use, or by various business and recreational activities, including a golf course and equestrian uses. Undisturbed areas in the vicinity support native habitats associated with Agua Hedionda Creek and the surrounding uplands. Riparian woodlands are associated with the drainage of Agua Hedionda Creek; they include a diverse mix of riparian shrubs and trees including California sycamore (Platanus racemosa), coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), arroyo willow (Salix lasiolepis), mulefat (Baccharis salicifolia), Douglas mugwort (Artemisia douglasiana), and rush (Juncus sp.). Oak woodlands occur within a shallow valley adjacent to Agua Hedionda Creek and along the main drainage of the creek. Coast live oaks are dominant and the understory is limited (Natural Resource Consultants 1996). 9 0 0 Southern mixed chaparral in the vicinity supports a mix oftoyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), scrub oak (Quercus berberidifolia), and lemonade berry (Rhus integrifolia). Coastal sage scrub occurs in patches and is largely dominated by California sagebrush (Artemisia califomica), with occasional laurel sumac (Malosma laurina), California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), white sage (Salvia apiana), black sage (Salvia mellifera), California sunflower (Encelia califomica), and coast prickly pear cactus (Opuntia littoralis). A few small pockets of native grasslands, characterized by stands of purple needle grass (Nassella pulchra), occur (Natural Resource Consultants 1996). Foraging and cover habitat for a number of vertebrate and invertebrate species is provided by the coastal sage scrub, chaparral, and native grasslands habitats. The scrub and adjacent grassland habitats support bird species and provide cover and foraging opportunities for numerous small mammals, such as woodrat (Neotoma sp.), deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), cactus mouse (P. eremicus), California mouse (P. califomicus), house mouse (Mus musculus), and ornate shrew (Sorex omatus). Other mammals may also use these habitats, including the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyz), Audubon's (desert) cottontail (Sylvilagus audubonil), long-tailed weasel (Mustelafrenata), striped and spotted skunks (Mephitis mephitis and Spilogale gracilis), coyote (Canis latrans), and bobcat (Felis rufus) (Natural Resource Consultants 1996). The drainage and associated riparian and oak woodlands in Agua Hedionda Creek provide high quality wildlife habitats. The closed canopy woodland with a dense understory provides refuge for a variety of amphibian, bird, and mammal species. In addition, the drainage course serves as an important corridor for wildlife movement through this area. The resources of the various plant communities and the animals supported by these communities would have provided material for food, tools, medicines, ritual uses, and other needs of the native population during prehistoric times. METHODS Site records obtained by Robbins-Wade and Gross in 1996 for archaeological research of the Terraces at Sunny Creek project area, which is adjacent to the all three sewer segments, were examined for this study. The records were received from the?, South Coastal Information Center (SCIC), at San Diego State University, and from the San Diego Museum of Man. The recorded sites are discussed above and are summarized in Appendix A. A field survey of the segments was conducted by Affinis archaeologists G. Timothy Gross and Ruth Alter on May 22, 1998. They were met in the field by Brian Regan, Manitou Engineering, who walked the Rancho Carlsbad segment with them. The entire lengths of the Rancho Carlsbad and the future creek crossing segments were surveyed. Much of the Rancho Carlsbad corridor was covered either by asphalt or grass, with • the ground surface visible on only approximately 10 percent of the segment. The easternmost 10 0 0 portion of the Palmer Way extension segment had been previously examined during the Affinis field check of this segment in June, 1997 .. The remaining half of the segment extending behind the Madonna Hill Guest Home was walked (Figure 4). Surface visibility within this portion of the segment was poor, with virtually the entire area covered with heavy grasses. A total of three person hours in the field was required for the study. RESULTS Rancho Carlsbad Segment Cultural. resources were found on the Rancho Carlsbad segment: Scattered broken shell, Chione sp., indicating potential prehistoric use of the area, was observed in the dirt roadway and on the lower portion of the slope running along the west side of the golf course green, just north of Sunny Creek Road. In the same general area, bits of sun-purpled glass, burnt butchered food bones, and pieces of cream-colored stoneware and blue and white porcelain were observed on the embankment above the roadway; a few of these materials were observed in the roadway per se. These materials are historic and are probably associated with occupation of the Kelly Ranch. The Kelly house sits on top of the hill, and the trash was probably dumped over the side. Palmer Way Extension Segment No cultural resources were found in this segment. Future Creek Crossing Segment No cultural resources were found on the south approach to the creek. Quantities of whole and broken shell, including chione, pecten, and donax, were present on the north bank immediately adjacent to Agua Hedionda Creek. The shell, which was observed on both sides of Sunny Creek Road, is part of site CA-SDI-9701. MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS Impacts and Significance A prehistoric shell scatter and a historic trash deposit were noted on the Rancho Carlsbad segment. Most of the cultural materials are located on the slope adjacent to the proposed sewer corridor, outside the alignment, and would not be directly impacted by implementation of the project. A few artifacts appear to have washed down onto the road and would be impacted by construction of the sewer segment. Because artifacts were noted in the road, it will be necessary to test the proposed alignment in this area for subsurface cultural resources. This testing can be accomplished with the excavation of four shovel test pits placed in the road adjacent to areas of artifact concentration from this site. If no subsurface deposits are revealed in these test pits, it will indicate that grading for the road has removed any deposits that had occurred in the past 11 0 0 in this area. If subsurface artifacts are encountered, their importance will have to be assessed. Mitigation Recommendations Since no cultural resources were encountered within the project area for either the Palmer Way Extension or the Future Creek Crossing Segments, the construction of the project in these areas will have no effect on cultural resources and no mitigating actions will be required. One archaeological site·was encountered during the survey of the Rancho Carlsbad Segment, and the following mitigating actions are recommended: 1. Construction of the sewer in the area of the archaeological site should be restricted to the existing road, and no impacts outside the road should be permitted; 2. Spoil dirt should be piled on the golf course side of the trench rather than on the side of the trench toward the hill; 3. The site should be flagged so that incidental impacts can be avoided. Additional mitigating measures may be recommended if the testing indicates there are subsurface deposits in the area to be impacted by sewer construction. While the present creek crossing alignment does not impact cultural resources, any incursion outside the existing roadbed will impact site CA-SDl-9701. If project design does extend outside the existing road, because only a small portion of this site was previously tested in area well away from the sewer segment location, additional testing of this site would be recommended. Should you have any questions regarding this study, please call me or my associate, Ruth Alter. Sincerely, --~(42- G. T othy Gross, PhD. (SOPA) Principal Archaeologist GTG:cl 12 REFERENCES Bull, C.S. 1983 1987 Carrico, R.L. 1987 Gallegos, D.R. 1987 0 0 Shaking the Foundations: The Evidence for San Diego Prehistory. Casual Papers: Cultural Resource Management 1(3): 15-64. A New Proposal: Some Suggestions for San Diego Prehistory. In San Dieguito-La Jolla: Chronology and Controversy, edited by D. Gallegos,· pp. 35-44. San Diego County Archaeological Society, Research Paper 1. Sixty-five Years of San Diego County Archaeology. In San Dieguito-La Jolla: Chronology and Controversy, edited by D. Gallegos, pp. 1-14. San Diego County Archaeological Society, Research Paper 1. A Review and Synthesis of Environmental and Cultural Material for the Batiquitos Lagoon Region. In San Dieguito-La Jolla: Chronology and Controversy, edited by D. Gallegos, pp. 23-34. San Diego County Archaeological Society, Research Paper 1. Griner, E.L., and P.R. Pryde 1976 Climate, Soils, and Vegetation. In San Diego: An Introduction to the Region, edited by P.R. Pryde, pp.29-46. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque,Iowa. Hector, S.M. 1983 Moratto, M.J. 1984 Archaeological Survey of Del Mar Financial Carlsbad, California. Recon, San Diego. Submitted to City of Carlsbad, Planning Department. On file, South Coastal Information Center. California Archaeology. Academic Press, Orlando. Natural Resource Consultants 1996 Biological Resources Assessment of the 68.6-acre Terraces Site Located in the City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California. Natural Resource Consultants, Laguna Beach, California. Submitted to City of Carlsbad, Planning Department. Robbins-Wade, M., and G.T. Gross 1997 Archaeological Survey and Testing for the Terraces at Sunny Creek, Carlsbad, California. Affinis, El Cajon. 13 0 0 Southern California Soil & Testing 1996 Preliminary Geotechnical Investigation, Sunny Creek Residential Development, El Camino Real and College Boulevard, Carlsbad, California. Southern California Soil & Testing, Inc., San Diego. Submitted to City of Carlsbad, Planning Department. Warren, C.N. 1985 1987 Garbage About the Foundations: A Comment on Bull's Assertions. Casual Papers:· Cultural Resource Management 2(1):82-90. The San Dieguito and·La·Jolla: .. Some Comments .. In San Dieguito-La. Jolla: Chronology and Controversy, edited by D. Gallegos, pp. 73-85. San Diego County Archaeological Society, Research Paper 1. 14 0 0 APPENDIX A Table 1. Sites recorded within one-mile radius of the sewer segment corridors SDI-# SDM-W-# Site Description 5117 5224 5782 7229 7230 8695 9092 1202 Two bedrock outcrops with a single milling slick on each. One San Dieguito tool. 1459 Camp site consisting of shell and debitage. Ground visibility was poor. 1788 Location of an ethnographic Native American encampment until removal of the inhabitants to a reservation in 1879. Based on an interview with Mrs. Ida Dawson, not field checked. 2526 Shell scatter exposed in road~ No artifacts observed. 2527 Light scatter of primary flakes on low slope above dry creek. No data available (site record missing) 2805 Ridge top midden with black soil, heavy shell, bone, manos, basin metate, abundant flaked lithics; no ceramics noted. Considered significant. Recorder, Date Hightower, 1976 Bull and Norwood, 1977 Hatley, 1978 Douglas, 1979 Douglas, 1979 Hanna, 1981 9093 2806 Low density surface scatter of shell and a Hanna, 1981 flake. 9094 2807 Area of darker soil, shell, and two mano Hanna, 1981 fragments. 9093/ 2806/ Originally recorded as two sites, now Hector, 1982 9094 2807 noted as extending across two ridgetops 9114 9115 9116 and a saddle. Site appears to be as large and as deep as SDI-9092. 3133 Light lithic scatter. 122 Heavy shell scatter with dark soil. No artifacts observed. 122 Light shell scatter eroding from a road cut. No artifacts observed. Hannahs, 1981 Hannahs, 1981 Hannahs, 1981 0 0 SDI-# SDM-W-# Site Description Recorder, Date 9115/ 122 Highland accretion midden with many Rogers, n.d. 9116 cobble hearths. Housepits were recorded prior to plowing. A burial was recorded. Artifacts noted include metates, manos, San Dieguito tools, and flakes. 9615 9698 9699 9700 9701 10,444 11,757 14,140 14,151 14,337 3293 Shellfish processing station with limited depth and artifacts (fine-grained metavolcanic flakes). 3389 Shell midden. No artifacts observed. 3390 Small shell midden. No artifacts observed. 3391 Shell midden. No artifacts observed. Within current project area. 601 Large village site with shell and dark midden. One basin milling feature was noted. One hammerstone was observed by Hector. Fink noted manos and tools; and noted the site as a possible La Jollan village. Research potential considered high. 4684A Lithic and shell scatter with two choppers, flakes, and debitage. Not significant. 4321 Bedrock milling feature in a drainage. 6628 Scatter of cores, flakes, thermally modified rock, and marine shell along a concrete drainage ditch on iower bench below peak of Evans Point. 6632 Scatter of shell, manos, metates, and flaked stone tools on exposed shallow slope below peak of Evans Point. Small, low density scatter of flaked stone and ground stone artifacts, including manos, cores, hammerstones, and debitage. A very small amount of shell was also recovered. Hector 1982 Hector, 1983 Hector, 1983 Hector, 1983 Hector, 1983; Fink, 1974 Bissell, 1985; Bissell 1990 (report) Wade and Ritz, 1990. Maxon and Smith, 1995 Maxon, 1996 Robbins-Wade and Gross, 1996 ' . 0 0 SDI-# SDM-W-# Site Description 14,338 Small, sparse scatter of shell with a very localized deposit. 14,339H Remnants of an historic home site, including concrete foundations, a standing structure, a graded pad for a structure without a foundation, a small orchard, and recent debris. 123 Kelly Springs site. Slough margin midden in canyon bottom. La Jollan and Late Prehistoric cobble hearths, shell midden, and charcoal. Ungathered cremation with ceramics, arrow points, and a bow pipe. Site record updated to include SDM-W-1892, -2402, -2403, - 2404, and -2730. Recorder, Date Robbins-Wade and Gross, 1996 Robbins-Wade and Gross, 1996 Rogers, n.d.; Hedges, 1981 310 Coastal valley creek terrace with hearths. Rogers, n.d. Main site area has a high shell and charcoal content. Artifacts noted include metates, manos, mortars, pestle, ceramics. Mostly La Jolla, also Luiseiio and some San Dieguito. 521 Small scatter of shell, flakes, a tool, and Fink, 1974 a metate fragment on a knolltop. No midden observed. La Jollan campsite. 558 Scatter of ceramics, primary flakes, and thumbnail scrapers. 1203 Large rock outcrop with a single milling slick. 2834 Two utilized natural depressions on two separate bedrock outcrops. No artifacts observed. 2835 Isolated bedrock milling feature. No artifacts observed. 2876A Camp site including shell scatter and bedrock milling. Moriarty, 1974 Hightower, 197 6 Polan, 1981 Polan, 1981 Hector, 1980 . . 0 0 SDI-# SDM-W-# Site Description 4033 Pile of melted adobe beneath a metal plate on the south side of Sunny Creek Road. Not significant. Immediately north of current project area. 5921 Kelly Barn. Circa 1900. Recorder, Date Hector, 1983