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Home My WebLink AboutEIR 80-07; DAON CORPORATION RANCHO CARRILLO; PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION; 1976-09-01PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION ON RANCHO CARRILLO Prepared for RANCHO CARRILLO PARTNERSHIP 530 B STREET, SUITE 2330 SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92101 Prepared by RECON RICK ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS 5620 FRIARS ROAO • SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92'l10 • TELEPHONE 714 / 299-912!5 JOB NO. 5632 NOVEMBER 10, 1976 I. II. TABLE OF CONTENTS I I INTRODUCTION .... . . . . . . . . . . . . . DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT . . • • • • • • • A. B. c. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT .. . . . . . . 1. 2. 3. Location ............ . Objective . . . . . . . . .. Project's Technical, Economic and Environmental Characteristics .. . . . . . . . . . . DES CRIP TION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING .. . . 1. Topography and Surrounding Land Uses. . . . 2. Soils and Geology • . . . . . • . . . . . . 3. Geologic Hazards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . a. Faults. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . b. Landslides. . . . . . . . . . . . • . . 4. Hydrology and Water Quality .. . . . . . . . 5. Biological Resources. . . . . . • . • . 6. Climatology . . . . • . . . . • . . . . 7. Air Quality . . . • . . . . . . . . . . a. General Plan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 . Traffic Circulation . . . . . • . . . . 10. Noise . . . . . . . . • . . . • • . . . • . a. Traffic Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . b. Aircraft Noise. . . . . . . . . . . c. Raceway Noise . . . . . . . . . • . . • 11. Public Utilities. . . . . . . • . . a. Water . . . . • . . . . . . • . b. Sewers. . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . c. Solid Waste . . . . . . . . . . . . . . d. Gas and Electricity . . . • • . . . . . 12. Community Services. . • . • • . • • . . . • a. Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . • . b. Recreational '.Facilities . . . . . . . . c. Fire Protection . . . . . . . . . . d. Police Services . . . . . . . . . . e. Hospitals • . . . . • . • . . . . . . . f. Shopping. . . . . . . . . . . . • . g. Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • h. Public Transportation . . . . . . . 13. Archaeology . . . . . . . . . . 14. Energy. . . . . • . . . • . • . • • . . . . THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED ACTION l. Impacts of Construction • • . . . . . . . . 2 2 2 2 2 6 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 11 12 13 14 14 14 15 15 16 16 l6 17 17 17 17 18 18 18 18 19 20 20 2@ 21 22 22 F. 10. Community Services ..........••••• 43 a. Schools . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 b. Recreational Facilities . . . . • ••• 43 c. Fire Protection. . ...... 44 d. Police Services. . . . . . •••• 44 11. Archaeology ...............•.. 44 12. Energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROJECT. . . . . . . 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 . No development ..... Postponement of Construction ....•. Development as Lower-Density Residential ...• Development for Agricultural Use ......•• Development as a Regional Park .......•• 46 46 46 46 47 47 G. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL SHORT-TERM USES OF MAN'S ENVIRONMENT AND THE MAINTENANCE AND ENHANCE- MENT OF LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY ........... 48 H. IRREVERSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES WHICH WOULD BE INVOLVED IN THE PROPOSED ACTION SHOULD IT BE IMPLEMENTED . . . . . . . . . . ·. . . . . . . . 4 9 I. GRC1Wll'H-INDUCING IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT. 50 III. CERTIFICATION ... IV. PERSONS AND AGENCIES CONSULTED .. . . . . . . . 51 52 v. BIBLIOGRAPHY .... . . . APPENDIX A APPENDIX B APPENDIX C APPENDIX D APPENDIX E APPENDIX F APPENDIX G APPENDIX H APPENDIX I Figure 1 Figure 2 PROJECT DATA AIR QUALITY NOISE DATA BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES REPORT GEOLOGY AND SOILS ' ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT ECONOMIC ANALYSIS WATER PLAN .., PHOTOGRAPHS Location of Rancho Carrillo project within San Diego County, California Map of Project Site .• 53 3 4 I. INTRODUCTION This report describes the potential environmental impact of the development of Rancho Carrillo as proposed in the Ran- cho Carrillo Master Development Plan. This document is not intended to meet all the requirements under the Land Use Ele- ment, Cit of Carlsbad General Plan or applicable state legis- ation or in ivi ua eve opmenta units within the master development plan. However, these requirements will be met by the submittal of specific data on each individual unit and the attachment of that data to the final Environmental Impact Re- port for the Rancho Carrillo Master Development Plan. It should be noted that the master plan for Rancho Carrillo from which all statistical projections were made is one which will be submitted for approval at some future date. A statistical comparison of the approved Rancho Carrillo Master Development Plan and the one referenced in the text is contained in Appendix A. Wherever possible in this report, the first unit to be constructed, Unit A, is described in detail in conjunction with analyses dealing with the project as a whole. The infor- mation provided relating specifically to Unit A, is to be considered that information necessary for approval of this first developmental unit. 1 II. DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT A. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 1. Location. The Rancho Carrillo Master Develo ment Plan area comprises 853 acres o an ocate mi es in and from the Pacific Ocean within the city limits of Carlsbad. The Rancho Carrillo property is situated apprcximately nine miles southeast of the C~ty of Oceanside, five miles south of the City of Vista, four miles west of the City of San Marcos and 30 miles north of downtown San Diego. Specifically, the properties addressed in this re- port are in the City of Carlsbad, County of San Diego, State of California, and are described as encompassing the following: the Southwest Quarter of Section 24, Township 12 South, Range 4 West, and the Northwest Quarter, North Half of the Southwest Quarter, West Half of the Northeast Quarter and Northwest Quarter of the Southwest Quarter of Section 19, and the South Half of Section 18, Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San Ber- nardino Base Meridian. (See Figures 1 and 2.) 2. Objective. The objective of the proposed project is to construct an initial 346 homes on 111 acres, with ulti- mate development providing a total of 3,695 units on 853 acres. Final plans for the three-and four-bedroom homes in Unit A have not been selected, but completed homes will probably sell for $60-80,000. 3. Project's Technical, Economic and Environmental Characteristics. Rancho Carrillo is a planned residential com- munity ultimately to consist of 3,695 dwelling units on 853 acres. The overall gross density would be 4.3 dwelling units per acres. Estimated population of the subject property if de- veloped to the maximum indicated on the Rancho Carrillo Master Development Plan would be 9,977, based on 2.70 persons per residence as indicated by census tract number 200.03, San Diego County, 1975 Special Census. The same figures applied to the first developmental unit, A, are 346 homes on 111 acres with a projected population of 934 when fully occupied. 2 ~ . ~ ...... ,, spring . __ , •• ; .,, ..:-~---. tt . ~ ..• -~----;~t~. \\ " ___ .,. > --..... ----. Figure 2. Map of the project site as taken from the U.S.G.S. topographic maps, Rancho Sante Fe, San Luis Rey , Encinitas, and San Marcos Quadrangles. Scale: l" = 2,000'. B. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 1. Topography and Surrounding Land Uses. The land surrounding the Rancho Carrillo property is presently utilized for a variety of residential, agricultural and recreational purposes. North of the proposed site, across Palomar Airport Road, the land is designated as Non-Residential Reserve (NRR) on the Land Use Element, City of Carlsbad General Plan (1976), largely because of its proximity to the Carlsbad Raceway. Lands designated Non-Residential Reserve by the City of Carls- bad are not subject to residential development. The raceway itself is currently utilized on Sundays for Moto-cross type motorcycle races and drag races. East of the proposed site, the land is generally vacant to that point where the develop- ment adjacent to Rancho Santa Fe Drive exists. The existing Meadowlark community adjoins the southeastern corner of the Rancho Carrillo property. The southern boundary of the pro- posed site abuts the La Costa Northeast portion of the La Costa community. Much of this portion of La Costa consists of streets, utilities and graded pads, but is otherwise vacant. The Rancho Carrillo property is bordered on the west by the Bressi property and another portion of the La Costa community, La Costa North. The Bressi property is being uti- lized primarily for agricultural purposes while La Costa North is in various stages of completion as proposed in the La Costa Master Development Plan. Unit A of the proposed Rancho Carrillo planned community contains areas that are currently under cultivation; primarily tomatoes and a small field of flowers. The remainder of this first developmental unit is of generally hilly topog~ raphy cut by steep, brushy ravines. The lowest elevation within the proposed Rancho Carrillo occurs at a point in the extreme northeast corner of Unit 'G' lying at 120 feet above Sea Level. The old Carrillo ranch house and surrounding buildings, which have been set aside within a 20-acre park, lie approximately 250 feet above sea level. The highest elevations encountered within proposed project boundaries are found in the south and eastern portions of units E and F; at about 540 feet. (See Appendix I.) 2. Soils and Geology. The proposed project site is underlain almost entirely by a single geologic unit composed of sandstone. A very small portion of unit 'D' as shown on the Rancho Carrillo Master Develo ment Plan is underlain byalluvium. T ese units are escribed as ollows Ref. Harold F. Weber, Jr., Mines and Mineral Resources of San Diego County)~ 6 According to the Seismic Safety Element of the San Diego County General Plan, no faults are recorded within the Rancho Carrillo property boundaries. The nearest is a small fault located about one and one-half miles west of the project site near Palomar Airport. This and other small faults in surrounding areas are considered, according to latest information,. to be inactive. b. Landslides. The downslope movement of earth materials is a normal geologic process by which hill slopes are flattened and stream channels widened. The rate of down- slope movement ranges from rapid, as in rock falls, to slow and imperceptible, as in -soil creep. Almost all slopes are involved in some form of movement. Most of these movements are of little consequence, but there are areas susceptible to large-scale movement. Landslide areas within the City of Carlsbad occur mainly on the north-facing slopes along creek channels, and in almost all cases are associated with steep slopes in rocks of the La Jolla Group. A few landslide areas are in granitic and metavolcanic rocks where weathering has created deep soils. Two slide areas within the Rancho Carrillo property have been identified on maps published by the County of San Diego Planning Department and contained in the Seismic Safety Element of the San Diego County General Plan. Both appear to be within the open space easement between sections E and Fas shown on the Rancho Carrillo Master Development Plan. 4. Hydrology and Water Quality. The Rancho Carrillo property is situated within the Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit. This unit is a triangular-shaped area of about 210 square miles, ex~ tending from Lake Wohlford on the east to the coast on the west, and from Vista on the north to Cardif-by-the-Sea to the south. In the developed area, land use is divided between irrigated agriculture and urban~residential. The area within the Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit is drained by Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, San Marcos and Escondido Creeks. Annual precipitation varies from less than eleven inches near Cardiff-by-the-Sea to twenty inches near Lake Wohlford. The major storage unit for this area is Lake Wohlford. Production of groundwater is from more than 100 wells located largely in the Escondido area. With the excep- tion of the Agua Hedionda Subunit, groundwater basins are largely shallow and produce water of marginal quality. Surface waters have been adversely affected by eutrophication, a result of sewage discharges into San Marcos and Escondido Creeks. 8 These shrub lands range from 1 to 2+ meters in height and one encounters some arborescent individuals. Typical plant spe- cies include: Artemisia californica Eriogonum fasciculatum Quercus dumosa Rhus integrifolia Rhus laurina Salvia mellifera ~ Coastal Sagebrush Flat-top Buckwheat f{J ' Scrub Live Oak , I, 'L11d: 4 '1 Lemonadeberry Laurel-leaved Sumac Black Sage Vertebrate species within this community are more diverse and there are greater numbers of individuals than in the surround- ing fields. Typical species include: and Neotoma lepida Peromyscus sp. Perognathus fallax Brown Towhee California Thrasher Scrub Jay Wrenti:t Desert Wood Rat various white-footed mice San Diego Pocket Mouse The Chapparral is the most common community type within San Diego County. For this reason, such areas on Carrill o Ranch should not be afforded high biological value. The Coastal Sage Scrub is more significant, however, because it is re-) stricted to the near coastal parts of the County and as such is being greatly reduced by ongoing development. The pond/streambed/riparian portion of the Carrillo Ranch is the most restricted of the biological areas yet, be- cause of the presence of permanent water, has the greatest species diversity. The vegetation ranges from low annuals to trees reaching 5+ meters in height. Typical plant species include: Mule Fat Western Sycamore Cottonwood ,.,.... Baccharis glutinosa Plantanus racemosa Populus fremontii Quercus agrifolia Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Rumex sp. California Live Oak.,..,..-( a..~ AJ r. 'r' ~c, -Watercress Dock Salix lasiolepis Sarnbucus mexicana Scirpus acutus Xanthium strumarium Arroyo Willow Elderberry Giant Bulrush Cocklebur Wildlife species in the riparian area are more diverse and there is a greater number of individuals per unit area than in any 10 , . summer highs from ninety-five degrees Fahrenheit to 105 degrees Fahrenheit. Rainfall averages between ten and twelve inches annually. The Pacific High is the most important control on the climate of the area, with its greatest influence occurring during its northernmost position in the summer. This inhibits the movement of low-pressure storm tracks and creates warm, dry days with few cloud~. In wint;r, the Pacific High migrates southward and allows some storm centers to pass through the area causing some frontal precipitation, while the thermal low in the desert areas disappears, allowing for some easterly flow. An unusual large-scale phenomenon known as the "San- ta Ana" winds occasionally invades the area from the northeast. During this condition, extremely dry, hot air completely dis- places the marine air which is usually present and moves the smog layer out to sea. The intensity of these winds averages approximately forty knots. Santa Ana winds are not present in the summer due to the strength and northern position of the Pacific High or anti-cyclone off the coast. 7. Air Quality. The Rancho Carrillo property falls within the jurisdiction of the San Diego Air Pollution Control District (SDAPCD}. Since no air quality measurement stations exist in the Rancho C.arrillo area, air pollution levels recorded at the Oceanside Monitoring station during 1975 are used in this report to serve as an approximation of air quality in the proj- ect area. At the Oceanside station, the federal and state standards for oxidant levels were exceeded on seven and 14 per- cent of the days, respectively. The highest one-hour average recorded was .19 parts per million (ppm) in September. The highest one-hour averages for other pollutants were: carbon mo~oxide, 10.0 ppm; nitrogen dioxide, .31 ppm, and nitrogen , oxid7s! .69 ppm._ Based on studies correlating meterological conditions and air pollutant measurements, it is believed that much of the air pollutants in the Oceanside area are carried in from the Los Angeles air basin by air mass move- ment. Therefore, the air quality in the Rancho Carrillo M~s~er Developme~t Plan area may depend on meterological con- ditions and stationary sources outside the air basin. Sta- t~cnary ~ources ar7 now believed to have much more impact on air quality, especially reactive hydrocarbons, than was pre- viously thought. The internal combustion engine does contribute to air pollutants; however, it appears that most reactive hydro- carbons are generated during cold starts and shutdowns. ve- hicle miles may relate to the generation of trace pollutants. Therefore, the number of trips is more important in determining 12 9. Traffic Circulation. Palomar Airport Road would be the prime arterial providing access to Unit A of the pro- posed project. Residents of this unit would utilize two in- ternal roadways emptying into Palomar Airport Road. The city of Carlsbad General Plan Circulation Element classifies Pao- mar Airport Road as a prime, major arterial and although pres- ently two lanes, it is within a 126 foot right-of-way which would permit expansion when needed. Communication with the Traffic Engineer, City of Carlsbad, indicated that Palomar Airport Road is scheduled for expansion to a six-lane road- way with median and access control sometime within the next ten years. Average Daily Traffic (ADT) is 5,500, however this figure increases dramatically on the Sundays when the nearby Carlsbad Raceway is in operation. Estimates of the ADT's on those days range from 16,000 to 20,000. Calculations based on procedures outlined in the Highwaf Capacity Manual (1965), indicate that the present capacity o Palomar Airport Road is approximately 1,711 vehicles per hour (VPH) or 41,064 ADT. If the proposed project is developed to the maxi- mum indicated in the Rancho Carrillo Master Development Plan, access to the area would be provided through the proposed new roads: Poinsettia Drive, Melrose Avenue and El Fuerte Street. Poinsettia and El Fuerte would access the Rancho Carrillo property from the south and west, while Melrose woold be the prime internal north-south arterial serving the project and intersecting Palomar Airport Road. 10. Noise. Three specific noise sources affect- ing the proposed Rancho Carrillo planned community can be identified: a. Tra_ffic Noise. Palomar Airport Road would be the primary traffic related noise generator associated with the pro- posed project. An analysis of this noise source was conducted using procedures outlined in Wyle Laboratories 1973 report, Development of Ground Transportation Systems Noise Contours for the San Diego Region. A summary of this analysis is pre- sented below with the detailed calculations included in Appen- d~x C. The unit of noise me~surement used is Lan, The day- night average sound level. Noise level computations were per- formed on the basis of the average weekday daily traffic and on Sundays when the Carlsbad Raceway is in operation. The primary concern at this point is the significant increase in the Palomar Airport Road ADT on those days (5,500 to 18,000). Palomar Airport Road Two lanes, no median, no speed limit posted. 14 The raceway approaches to within 1,000 feet of the nearest proposed residential unit at its closest point. 11. Public Utilities a. Water. Water service for the proposed project would be provided by the Carlsbad Municipal Water District. A report prepared for the Carlsbad Municipal Water District (Ran- cho Carrillo -Master Plan for Public Water System, July 1974T, and approved by the Board of Directors on October 16, 1974, pre- sented a comprehensive plan for providing water to the proposed project (See Appendix H ). Basically, the proposed project would be serviced from an existing 27-inch main located in Palomar Airport Road. The minimum pipeline sizes throughout the area would consist of a 14-inch main in Melrose from Palo- mar Airport Road to the intersection of Poinsettia Avenue and from that point, a 12-inch main south to Alga Road. A 12-inch main would also be required in Poinsettia Drive and El Fuerte to the Water District boundary. North of Palomar Airport Road was originally proposed an extension of residential units 'A' and 'B', how- ever, in conformance with the Land Use Element of the Carls- bad General Plan, which designates the area as a non-residential reserve (NRR), no residential development is now planned. Two parcels totaling 20 acres are set aside as areas for commer- cial development in conformance with the Carlsbad General Plan. Water facilities provided to this area would be only the mini- mum required to adequately service the type and size of estab- lishment permitted to exist under current general plan desig- nations. The sizes o f the above lines are nominal, with each individual development unit having its own distribution system to be incorporated with the larger arterial transmission facilities . The minimum line size within any given development unit is anticipated to be eight inches. b. Sewers. Rancho Carrillo lies within the bounda- ries of and would be served by the City of Carlsbad. The pro- posed community would utilize the San Marcos Force Main (See Master Development Plan) which runs through the property from east to west. This line ultimately feeds into the Encinas Water Pollution Control Facility for treatment. There are currently six sewer districts utilizing the Encina facility: Vista Sanitation District Buena Sanitation District San Marcos County Water District Leucadia County Water District Encinitas Sanitary District City of Carlsbad. 16 K -3 4 -6 7 -8 9 -12 Jefferson Elementary Pine Elementary Valley Junior High School Carlsbad High School Students generated by residences in the re- mainder of the Rancho Carrillo property would attend the fol- lowing schools in the San Marcos Unified School District: K -6 7 - 8 9 -12 Alvin Dunn Elementary San Marcos Junior High School San Marcos High School Land for two elementary school sites has been set aside and is identified as units I-1 and I-2 on the Rancho Carrillo Master Development Plan. b. Recreational Facilities. The North County area has historically been a focus of recreational activity in the San Diego area. Its proximity to the Pacific Ocean to the west and the mountains to the east provide easy access for residents of the area. According to the Parks and Recrea.tio•n Element, City of Carlsbad (1975), the City of Carlsbad currently has the use of approximately 500 acres of land t hat is developed for parks and recreation purposes. However, ·of this total, only 8.5 acres belong to the City. The remainder of the availabLe recreation acreage consists of sites that the City has acquired through lease or other arrangement, facilities available at the local schools, and park and recreation facilities operated. by the State of California. The old Carrillo ranch house itself and the surrounding buildings are to be included in a 20 acre connnunity park and historical site. The land h~s already been dedicated to the City of Carlsbad. (See Appendix I.) c . Fire Protection. The nearest existing fire protection facility is Station 2, a four-man facility, located approximately 4.25 miles south of the proposed project site in the La Costa area off El Camino Real. Under existing con- ditions, the first developmental unit of the proposed project, Unit A, would be served by this station with a response time of five minutes. d. Police Services. The proposed Rancho Carrillo connnunity would be served by the Carlsbad Police Department and initially included in the same beat area as the La Costa community. The Department operates on a 'random patrol' basis- though officers have a specific area to patrol, their course within that area is at t he discretion of the assigned officer. e. Hospitals. Tri-City hospital, at 4002 Vista Way in Oceanside is the closest medical facility available to Carrillo residents. This facility, approximately nine miles from the project site, currently provides 171 beds and nearly 18 g. Library. The Carlsbad Public Library cur- rently serves all areas within ·the City and would do so for the proposed Rancho Carrillo community. Located at 1250 Elm Street in Carlsbad, the 23,400 square-foot structure contains more than 100,000 volumes. It i~ staffed by 16 fulltime and several part-time employees. In addition to regular library services, films, records and reproductions of art works are available on loan. Also serving the proposed project would be the Enci- nitas Library, located at 540 Cornish Drive in Encinitas. This facility circulates more than 120,000 volumes yearly while providing for the subscribers a variety of tape cassettes and 16 mm films available for loan. Both the Carlsbad and Encinitas Libraries are members of the Serra Cooperative Library System which includes all public libraries in San Diego and Imperial Counties. h. Public Transportation. Communication withMr._Dan D'Amicol of the North County Transit System in Oceanside revealed that hourly bus service between generally 6-7 am and 7-a· pm is in effect six days a week along El Camino Real to La Costa, Palomar Airport and Hughes Industrial Park. Service would ultimately be provided for the entire Rancho Carrillo property but probably not for just Unit 'A'. Service might be provided to the entrance of the project but probably not within Unit 'A' itself. Mr. D'Amicol indicated that it would not be feasible for bus service to be provided to an area without a through road route rather than a small loop. 13. Archaeo logy. An archaeological survey was con- ducted by a team of archaeologists representing RECON. As a result of that survey, 13 prehistoric and two historic recources were identified. The historic resources are-remains of the Rancho de Los Quiotes (Carrillo Ranch) and an associated cross. The prehistoric sites vary from small shell and/or arti-fact scatters to large substantial midden-bearing sites. In addition, a number of isolated artifacts were found. Unit A has a single prehistoric archaeological site within it. This site, SDM-W-1091 , is small and has been greatly disturbed,~y agricultural activity. There were also two isolated artifacts found in this unit. None of the finds, however, are of great scientific po- tential. The disturbance of the site, combined with the limited amount of cultural material, greatly limit the ability of this resource to provide information. 20 C. THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED ACTION The environmental impact of an event may be assessed along three value scales; qualitative, temporal and spatial. Qualitatively, the impact of an event is beneficial if it im- proves the environment; it is adverse if it degrades the en- vironment. Quite commonly, though, a single event may have both beneficial and adverse impacts. Furthermore, some im- pacts cannot be conclusively evaluated if no relationship of cause and effect is observable, or if the threshold of impact is not clearly defined. On a time scale, an event may have short-term impact, which is sometimes forgotten or diminishes in importance over a long period of time. Or, it may have less initial effect, and yet produce significant, persistent, long-term impacts. Or, it may be a combination of both short-term and long-term impacts, each of which may have either adverse or beneficial impacts (or both). The geographic space affected by an event can be con- ceived of as the local and regional boundaries of its impact. In this study, the local impacted boundary is coterminous with the project. Here short-term impacts are of importance. Larger regional boundaries are established by different envi- ronmental concerns. On a regional basis, long-term impacts are of importance. Listed below is an evaluation of the environmental im- pacts which will result from the proposed project. 1. Impacts of Construction. Generally, the short-term adverse impacts of construction can be partially mitigated, but not totally eliminated. The size of Rancho Carrillo and the phasing of construction will result in construction-related impacts being spread out over an extended time period. How- ever, the immediate effect of such impacts will be localized around the actual sites at the time of work. The impacts on man and the environment that are commonly associated with con- struction activities are discussed in detail below. a. Air Pollution. Air pollution for construction sites takes the form of exhaust emissions and dust generation due to ground-disturbing activities. The impacts of airborne dust are more localized than those of exhaust emissions; how- ever, both may effect the entire Rancho Carrillo community. b. Noise. Increased noise levels normally ac- company all phases of construction activities. Noise produced by the operation of grading equipment, heavy trucks, and even 22 2. Impacts on Geology and Soils. Based on a study of existing soil, geogologic and seismic conditions within the Rancho Carrillo area, it appears that there are no geotechni- cal conditions on the property that would be prohibitive with respect to the proposed master development plan. The two landslide areas discussed in Section B.3.b., do not appear to be of recent origin. "Recent" in geological terms is considered within the last 11,000 years (Seismic Safety Element, San Diego County General Plan). Another area of concern within the Rancho Carrillo planning area is soil erodibility. At present, the greater pro- portion of the 853 acres of the planning area is undeveloped. If the master plan were implemented as proposed, the afore- mentioned undeveloped land would be subject ·to grading and other disturbances which, if proper mitigating action was not taken, could increase erosion rates and downstream sedimentation. 3. Im acts on Hydrolo and Water Qualit. Approval and implementation o the proposed Rancho Carrillo Master De- velopment Plan may lead to alteration of several hydrological parameters. These alterations may include: a. Increased runoff rates b. Increased surface flow in San Marcos Canyon c. Increased sediment load of runoff water d. Increase in the chemical content of runoff waters. Removal of native vegetation and replacement of it with landscaping and various impervious surfaces associa- ted with development could potentially lead to decreased rates of soil infiltration. This could result in local alteration of groundwater levels due to a variation in the recharge rate. This will, however, not be a significant impact at Rancho Caril- lo. At present, local groundwater basins are shallow and pro- duce marginal quality water. Developed areas generally exhibit higher runoff rates than comparable non-urban areas. Such accelerated rates may lead, at Rancho Carrillo, to increased surface flow in San Marcos and Agua Hedionda Creeks. Urban areas gene~ate a number of chemical-waste products; oils and other petroleum products, soaps and deter- gents, pesticides, and others. Many of these are picked up in runoff and may be carried into one of the creeks and ulti- mately into Batiquitos Lagoon where they would constitute a potential danger to the already damaged biological systems. 24 Whether the visual impacts of replacing large amounts of open space and undisturbed land with dwellings and landscaping, roads and r ecreational facilities is beneficial is not a mat- ter which can be dealt with in context of an objective report. Visual aesthetics are perceived rather than real values,; and allow only qualitative judgements. 6. Impact on Biolo!ical Systems. Implementation of the development plans for Carri lo Ranch will have both immediate and long-term effects on the biological resources on and a- round the property. Short-term impacts are primarily those associated with construction: grading activities remove the vegetative cover, cause the direct loss of some wildlife spe- cies, and force the emigration of other species to surrounding areas. Long-term impacts are somewhat more subtle and are related to the existance of the project rather than to its construction. Wildlife forced to emigrate as each phase is built out will inhabit nearby wild areas. In that these same species presently exist in the latter areas over-crowd- ing may result. Natural regulatory mechanisms will then reduce the populations back to the pre-emigration levels. Introduction of a permanent human population to the ranch will have an effect on surrounding wildlands in that these lands will receive increased human and domestic animal (i.e. dogs) utilization. 7. Air Quality. As indicated in the "Description of Environmental Setting" section of this report, automobiles are the major contributors :of air pollution in the vicinity of the project site. Implementation of the proposed Rancho Carrillo Master Development Plan and subsequent future development with- in the Rancho Carrillo planning area will increase vehicular traffic in the project area, resulting in a decrease in air quality. Since all of the project area is less than 2,300 feet in elevation and therefore subject to thermal inversions, this impact is of some concern. Whether the extent and concentration of automobile- generated pollutants will exceed federal and state standards will depend· on a number of considerations; the regulation of emission control by mechanical devices; the degree to which the internal combustion engine may be replaced by other pro- pulsion systems in public and private vehicles; the implementa- tion of mass transit; and lowering or raising of federal and/ or state standards. However, even if the air pollutants gene- rated by increased vehicular activity are not, by themselves, significant in relation to the total quantity of air pollutants within the San Diego Basin, the important consideration is that 26 b. Traffic Noise. As i ndicated by t he no i se l evel calculat ion presented earlier, the proposed pr oject wi l l be subject to a relatively high noise level generated pr imarily by Palomar Airport Road. The average weekday La is ·Gs dB and on Sundays, when the raceway is in operation~ the Lan reaches 70 dB. Projection for the 1995 Lan along Palomar Airport Road is 72 dB. This figure is well above levels generall y considered to be acceptable for residential development. Noise levels within Unit A, when fully occupied, will not exceed 61 dB. These calculations assume that two-thirds of the project traffic will use "A" Street for access to and from Palomar Airport Road and the remaining traffic will use "E" Street for access. The 1995 Lans presented in Figure C-1 of Appendix C include a correction factor of 3 dB. Even with this generous correction factor, Lans experienced by residents near the inter- sections of "A" and "E" Streets with Palomar Airport Road will be either "clearly" or "normally compatible" with the proposed land use (see Figure C-4). c. Carlsbad Raceway. The raceway course itself would approach to within 1,000 feet of the proposed development at its nearest point. Noise level associated with actual com- pletion is expected to be very high at the source, but attenu- ated to an acceptable level by the time the sound reaches the project site. Raceway noise would probably be audible to the residents of the proposed project, but of more concern would be noise associated with traffic generated by the raceway meets. (See Appendix C for full discussion of Noise Levels.} 10. Impacts on Utility Systems a. Water. Water demand for the proposed project will be met by the Carlsbad Municipal Water District. Personal communication with the District on 8/19/76 indicated that the average daily level of water demand is 180 gallons peri;:erson. Using this figure, it is estimated that when fully occupied, Unit 'A' will required approximately 168,120 gallons per day (gpd). The entire Rancho Carrillo planned community if de- veloped to the maximum indicated on the Rancho Carrillo Master Development Plan would require approximately 1,795,860 gpd. This level is considerably less than that projected in the Rancho Carrilo -Master Plan for Public Water System (July 1974) and approved by the Carlsbad Municipal Water District Board of Directors on October 16, 1974. The Rancho Carrillo water plan use estimates were based on 888 more dwelling units than are currently proposed in the Rancho Carrillo Master Develop- ment Plan, so consequently, projected water demand is corres- pondingly lower. 28 cated on the Rancho Carrillo Master Develo ment Plan, the to- tal population wen u y occupie wou approach"""Io,000. Using the current figure of 4.9 lbs/day per capita, the amount of solid waste generated by a population this size is expected ~o be approximately 49,000 lbs/day or 46.6 cubic yards. It is difficult to assess with any degree of accuracy prec isely what impact this amount of solid waste would ~ave on the existing disposal facilities serving the Carlsbad area. Communication with Mr. Dick Yeager (8/6/76) of McDougal Sanitation Inc., indicated that his company would have no dif- ficulty in providing collection service for the proposed proj- ect due to the proximity of the La Costa community to the south where service is already in effect. The problem, however, lies not with the collection of solid waste, but its disposal. As stated earlier, the capacities of present landfill sites in the North County are extremely limited. No unit of Rancho Car- rillo would impact the current landfill, San Elijo; its life- span expires long before any phase of the proposed project could be completed. It is doubtful that Rancho Carrillo could even impact the Bonsall landfill if no alternatives are found prior to March, 1977, when San Elijo becomes unusable. So, as stated above, other than the amount of solid waste expected to be generated by Rancho Carrillo both initially and ultimately, the impact of the proposed project on disposal facilities in the North County cannot be assessed because these areas have yet to be identified. d. Gas and Electricity. As in water and sewer services, the limiting parameters for growth in Rancho Carrillo are the capacity of the distribution, transmission and genera- ting facilities and natural-resource supplies. Since the dis- tribution and transmission facilities are designed and con- structed to meet the needs of the communities, capacities of these are not a limiting factor. However, supplies of natural gas are finite and the natural resources used to generate elec- tricity in fossil-fuel generators are becoming more expensive to extract from the earth. Expansion programs for fossil-fuel generators and the conversion t o nuclear generators has been hampered by recent environmental legislation. This has lead to a potential shortage of electricity-generating facilities in Southern California. However, Rancho Carrillo is zoned Planned Community (PC) and future energy demands were taken into account at that time. The projected maximum electricity demands for the proposed Rancho Carrillo are: 30 d. Police Services. The desired ratio of police officers to population is approximately 1.5 per 1,000. Al- though seldom attained in actuality, it is a desirable goal. On this basis, Unit A of the proposed development would require one more officer and the entire Rancho Carrillo community would create the need for 15 additional officers plus associated equip- ment and support personnel. Oceanside nitas are residents e. Hospital Services. The Tri-City Hospital and the newly expanded San Dieguito Hospital in considered to have adequate facilities to serve of the proposed Rancho Carrillo community. in Enci- the f. Shopping Facilities. Adequate shopping faci- lities within a reasonable driving radius of the proposed proj- ect do exist. It is expected that over the 15 years estimated to complete the entire project, shopping facilities will keep pace with.the planned growth in the area. g. Library Facilities. The present Carlsbad Public Library contains more than 100,000 volumes. Based on the na- tionally recommended rate of two books per resident, this library is adequate to serve a city of 50,000 individuals. In that the current population of Carlsbad is approximately 21,000, the library is of adequate size to meet short-term growth needs. It is anticipated ~hat this library will continue to expand its facilities in advance of population growth and therefore will not be adversely impacted by growth within the Rancho Carrillo area. h. Public Transportation. Implementation of the proposed Rancho Carrillo Master Development Plan would provide additional impetus to development of an expanded system of pub- lic transportation in the North County area. The North County Transit System currently provides bus service along El Camino Real and communication with the Operations Manager indicated that while initially it would not be feasible to serve the proposed development, as the Rancho Carrillo community grew, service would be provided. 12. Archaeological Impacts. Plans call for the initial development of Unit 1A1 • This development will impact one pre- historic archaeological site and two isolated finds. The development plans for the remainder of the area are presently tentative and subject to change. The way they are presently formulated, we may expect that all prehistoric sites and one historic site will be impacted, and the major historic site, the Carrillo Ranch will be preserved as a park. For a more complete discussion of these impacts, see Appendix F. 32 D. ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS WHICH CANNOT BE AVOIDED IF THE PROPOSAL IS IMPLEMENTED Unavoidable short-term impacts are those connected with site development, including disposal of construction spoil, reduction of air quality by construction dust and equipment ex- haust, construction noise, and impacts to wildlife habitats. Certain of these impacts may be•partially mitigated through various techniques. Long-term i~pacts include traffic growth, increased use of non-renewable resources, reduction of open space, alter- ation of existing landforms, widlife disruption, and the secon- dary impacts related to human habitation of the land. These include higher levels of noise and air pollution caused by increased traffic; further strain on existing community ser- vices and utilities; and possible disruption of wildlife in surrounding areas. Some of these impacts are not entirely cesultant of the Rancho Carrillo development. For example, the additional vehicle miles generated by the residents of the project site are not necessarily new to the San Diego Air Basin, but may be, in fact, a localization of traffic already contributing to pollution in the air basin. Increased loads on utilities and services may be thought of in the same manner: as a con- centration of previously scattered influences into a previously undeveloped area. 34 E. MITIGATION MEASURES RECOMMENDED TO MINIMIZE ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 1. Construction. To a large extent, the short-term impacts of construction activities can be mitigated. Some of the mitigation measures include control of dust by watering, control of smoke and exhaust emissions by up-to-date antipol-· lution measures, control of noise by using mufflers on all con- struction equipment, and limiting noise construction to normal daytime working hours. The current economic climate and the energy crisis have caused an increase in the application of conservation techniques to construction practices. Both energy and materi- als conservation (including the use of recycled materials) are actively pursued during both the planning and execution stages of new development. As new energy and money-saving techniques become available, they will be incorporated into engineering plans. 2. Geology and Soils. Adverse impacts in this cate- gory are primarily associated with grading and the results of grading. To minimize these associated impacts the grading permits for the property might include the following measures: a. Limit grading to the minimum area necessary to accomplish the planned development b. Avoidance of clearing operations in advance of grading c. Coordination of grading activities with the local precipitation pattern . d. Construction of drainage facilities concur- rently with grading activities where practi- cable e. Watering and rolling the final surface to form a hardened, compacted cap of soil which will minimize dust and erosion due to surface run- off f. Grading of surfaces so as to direct runoff toward planned drainages and, if possible, away from cut and fill slopes g. Early planting and maintenance of ground cover suitable for slope erosion control. 35 5. Biological Resources .. As presentl y proposed the plans for development of Carrillo Ranch have several inherent mitigation measures for biological impacts. It is the intent of the developer to donate the existing riparian vegetation, stream, and ponds to the City of Carlsbad for preservation as a park. Although this action will not totally eliminate impacts to this association, it will greatly reduce them com- pared to what would happen if it were to be graded and built out. Similarly, existing native shrub vegetation on the steeper hillsides and in certain canyons will be preserved by dedication as open space. Although not as effective a mitiqation measure as the, above, phasing of development will ease the_pressure on the more mobile wildlife species. Not all of these in- dividuals will succumb to natural regulatory measures as they move into other areas. Some may successfully imigrate. As the project develops and the landscaping ma- tures the site will be reinhabited by a suite of vertebrate species characteristic of urban areas. These replacement populations can be augmented by and from resources retained in open space areas. Maximum wildlife utilization of the future neighborhoods can be achieved with control of the types of landscaping utilized. Plant species which afford maximum cover food resources, but which are resistent to fire, should be used whenever possible. 6. Air Quality. Because of recent evidence attri- buting cold starts and shut-downs as events of major oxidant generation, decreasing the number of trips is more important than decreas ing the length of the trips. To decrease the num- ber of trips, urban areas must be so structured to discourage use of individual automobiles. At the same time, provisions should be made for mass transit or other modes of individual transportation (e.g. bicycles}. This can best be accomplished in the design of projects by clustering high-density residen- tial units near shopping and service centers. Another necessary element is the incorporation of open space networks containing bicycle paths, pedestrian walk- ways, and interconnecting residential areas with schools and shopping areas. Such systems will encourage the use of al- ternative modes of transportation for short trips within the community. The Rancho Carrillo Master Development Plan appears to be sensitive to these needs primarily through the open space easements that connect all development units. The next element related to the project and directly responsible for air pollution is the generation of trips outside the project. Major employment centers are necessary near large 37 To reduce the potentiaL traffic impacts on major and arterial streets and to reduce the potential impact of the project on both air quality and energy resources, imple- mentation of expanded public transit is recommended. Because of the geographical location Qf Rancho Carrillo, a number of problems and opportunities for public transportation present themselves. Assets include the proximity to freeways, rail lines, and the Palomar Airport while the primary liability is the distance from Rancho Carrillo to the closest employment centers. The latter factor could be mitigated in'part by aggressive development of closer industrial centers east and northwest of the project site. These centers could provide local employment for a significant proportion of the future Rancho Carrillo community. Such employment centers, because of their proximity, could easily be served by a local bus line. The assets for public transportation which derive from Rancho Carillo's geographical location can be summarized in the following recommended measures: a. Extended bus services, making liberal use of the more economical mini-buses, could provide transportation within and without the commu- nity. Service linking residential areas with commercial and recreational areas within the community .would greatly reduce private vehicle use. Bus routes to a future railroad station and to Palomar Airport could provide service for commuting workers. b. The San Diego to Los Angeles rail line lies approximately six miles west of the center of Rancho Carrillo. A fast, well-planned commuter service utilizing this line could attract a majority of the Rancho Carrillo residents em- ployed in San Diego or Los Angeles. Tying such a rail service to the residential areas with the.bus line would make it even more conveni- ent. c. The proximity of Rancho Carrillo to Palomar Airport offers numerous opportunities for air commuter travel. Depending on various eco- nomic considerations, there is a potential for regional, feeder air traffic. There are, then, several transportation alternatives open to the Rancho Carrillo community. Besides bus, rail, and air, advancing technology and the push for more efficient means of rapid transit may soon provide us with other alternatives. 39 b. Sewers. Mitigation of the impact of the pro- posed Rancho Carrillo development on local sewage transmission and treatment facilities can theoretically be accomplished in two ways: 1) Reduction in the actual quantity of sewage produced per dwelling unit. 2) Increase the capacity of the treatment facilities. . . If we assume that the master development plan is implemented as proposed, the first case becomes a problem of ~dvanced te~hno~ogy and human psychology and a topic not 7asil¥ de~lt wit~ in a report of this nature. The second case is primarily a financial question. It appears that state or federa~ funds would not be available for additional expansion of Encina Water ~o~lutio~ Control Facility; therefore, funding would have to originate in the private sector or within the municipal water district of concern. c. Solid Waste. The current practice of dis- posing of solid wastes in sanitary landfills is an adverse environmental impact in itself and one with limited future po- tential due to the lack of usable landfill sites. Realistically, the only practical method of reducing the amount of solid waste generated by a project of this size would be the implementation of a recycling program on a very large scale. Consideration of other alternatives focused primarily on the possibility of a joint effort involving governmental agencies at all levels to work with planned com- munities to develop programs to reduce the amount of solid waste requiring disposal. Research revealed that alternative measures such as pyrolysis plants were feasible only on a much larger scale than that discussed here. For example, Union Carbide estimated .an expenditure of $36,000,000 would be re- quired to construct a plant with a 1,000/ton/day capacity. Clearly, such an undertaking would be beyond the scope of a single municipality. In terms of current solid waste disposal prob- lems, maintaining the proper perspective when viewing these types of alternatives is vital. The impetus for development of such projects has come primarily from the private sector, not the public because of possible profits. If instead we could look at these facilities as cost reducers rather than a source of income~ the practical applications become more evident: 41 tively low cost. Such units can be used for both space and water-heating and in a climate such as Southern California's are both efficient and cost effective. It may be desirable to provide such units with a back-up in the form of heat pumps for space heating and conventional heaters for water. Such back- up equipment would not impair cost effectiveness and overall energy savings while providing necessary redundancy. 5) Landscaping. Proper use of landscaping can also contribute to reduction of energy demands. By using deciduous trees for planting around homes, additional solar warmth becomes available for added heat in winter, while sha- ding of the structure can reduce summer heat gain up to ten percent. Plantings which break prevailing winter winds can also substantially reduce heating costs. 6) Psychological. Any comprehensive pro- gram of energy conservation must involve individuals who em- pathize with the goals and techniques of the program. These attitudes could be engendered by an education program to in- form the citizens of the problem and the steps they can take to achieve its partial solution. 10. Community Services a. Schools. In order to mitigate the impact . the proposed Rancho Carrillo development would have on local schools, the applicant has solicited advice from the school districts involved. As a result, two ten-acre elementary school sites located within the project boundaries are to be dedicated to the districts affected; one site to Carlsbad Uni- fied and the other to San Marcos Unified School District. Since the proposed project itself will take many years to complete, the impact of student generation will be spread out permitting both on a nd off site facilities to be construc- ted or expanded to meet future needs. b. Recreational Facilities. Existing recreational facilities both within the project boundaries and in the sur- rounding areas are deemed sufficient to meet the demand gene- rated by the proposed Rancho Carrillo community. However, as the project moves through the initial stages of development, specifically the low dwelling unit density associated with Unit 'A', the applicant should insure that adequate neighborhood recreational facilities are provided. More consideration by developers of planned communities should be given to the small "play lot" type f·acilities in high density portions of the de- velopment and to neighborhood parks adjacent to existing school sites to maximize use of those facilities. 43 tion on gas and electricity. Those measures include architec- tural design, insulation of dwellings, lighting fixtures, so- lar heaters, landscaping practices and public education. Mitigation measures for reducing gasoline consump- tion are outlined in the section on traffic circulation. These measures include increased use of public transportation systems, carpools, railroads and airlines. 45 F. ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROJECT 1. No Development a. No increase in tax base b. No generation of construction-related employ- ment c. Additional housing will not be provided d. Undisturbed vegetation would remain in that state e. No reduction of open space f . Less traffic, noise and air pollution then projected in project vicinity g. No increase of utility loads 2. Postponement of Construction (Develop ultimately per present master development plan) a. Possible increased costs due to inflationary factors b. c. Possible reduction in energy demand due to improved energy-conservation techniques Possible reduction of the impacts on public transportation and traffic levels due to im- proved technologies • d. Possible reduction in adverse impacts of sew- age and solid-waste disposal, and air and noise pollution due to improved technologies e. Postponement of receipt of revenues to be realized from an increased tax base 3. Development as Lower-Density Residential a. Reduction of possible traffic loads b. Reduction of traffic-related pollution and noise levels c. Reduction of utility loads d. Possible reduction of tax base e. Possible reduction in the amount of grading and disruption of existing vegetation and wildlife 46 G. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL SHORT-TERM USES OF ,MAN'S ENVIRONMENT AND THE MAINTENANCE AND ENHANCEMENT OF LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY The cumulative long-term impacts of the proposed Ran- cho Carrillo community are essentially the inevitable impacts of residential development and its resultant increase in use of the environment by man. These cumulative long-term effects are: loss of open space, loss of integrated biological commu- nities, increases in exhaust emissions, increases in the de- mand for building materials, increases in energy demands, and increases in the demand for public services. These impacts can be evaluated in terms of their so- cial or environmental costs and in terms of their monetary cost. The dollar impact of the proposed Rancho Carrillo de- velopment will be borne entirely by',the residents of the com- munity through the amount of tax and license revenues paid. As with other high-value areas, Rancho Carrillo will have a positive monetary impact on the community. The social/environmental costs of a project are much more nebulous and difficult to quantify. The question can justifiably be asked: Are there any significant negative costs associated with Rancho Carrillo? Certainly there are, but how extensive and significant are they? One of the primary pur- poses of a master development plan, such as the one assembled by Rancho Carrillo is to provide a mechanism by which the to- tal cost of a project can be continually monitored and pre- dicted as the development proceeds. 48 H. IRREVERSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES WHICH WOULD BE INVOLVED IN THE PROPOSED ACTION SHOULD IT BE IMPLEMENTED Implementation of the project will necessarily commit nonrenewable resources to uses which will preclude alternate future utilization. Primary among these resources is the land upon which development will occur. Urbanization of agricultural or vacant land--a process which will continue as Rancho Carrillo is developed--includes many irreversible environmental changes. Among these are: 1. Removal of natural vegetation 2. Disruption and displacement of wildlife 3. Alteration of existing landforms 4. Commitment of the land to residential use, and its accompanying impacts. This last ramification of urbanization of the land has perhaps the most far-reaching effects. Gasoline, diesel fuel, construction materials and labor will irrevocably be used in the transformation to urban land use, as well as reserves of electrical power and water, police and fire protection and school facilities once the development is inhabited. The in- creases in noise and air pollution levels which result from urbanization may also be considered as irreversible impacts, since residential use of the land is probable for at least several future generations. However, it is reasonable to as- sume that these irreversible environmental changes will not be due entirely to that proposed residential community, but will also be attributable to the ever-increasing population the project is directed to serve. 49 I. GROWTH-INDUCING IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT Residential developments are growth-inducing largely because they increase population in a localized area. Grow- ing populations require corresponding quantitative increases in community services, employment opportunities and commer- cial facilities, and extension of utilities nearer to pre- viously uninhabited .land. There can be no question that Rancho Carrillo would place an added strain on some public utilities and community services. However, the proposed project would be utilizing a water main in Palomar Airport Road, a gas line and electric power cable in El Camino Real and a sewer line that bisects the property. These facilities already exist; the proposed Rancho Carrillo community is in response to and in compliance with current zoning(PC) and general plan land use designa- tions. The Cit of Carlsbad General Plan, Land Use Element, designates the areas sout an west o the proJect as planned community; areas that are expected to experience planned growth. The area to the east of the proposed project is not within the Carlsbad City limits and not subject to actions on the part of the City while north of the project the area has been set aside as a Non-Residential Reserve and is not expected to be developed. It should be noted that these community plan and zon- ing features of the surrounding areas may limit or encourage growth only insofar as governing agencies will allow it: strict adherence to agricultural zoning, for example, will prohibit urbanization of that land. Overall, the growth-inducing impacts of the Rancho Carrillo project are indirect, and may be attributable to the expansion of off-site facilities necessitated by the additional population the project is intended to support and the accessi- bility of those facilities to possible future developments bor- dering Rancho Carrillo. 50 III. CERTIFICATION This report presents a full disclosure and an independent analysis of all available information pertinent to the proposed action. GERALD W. UNDERWOOD Environmental Consultant The following persons participated in the preparation of this report: Charles S. Bull, B.A. Sociology, M.A. Anthropology (thesis to be signed) Pamela M. Erskine, B.A. Environmental Studies Melvin J. Hatley, Associate Archaeologist, Cartographer Royce B. Riggan, Jr., B.S. Biology, M.S. Biology (thesis to be signed) Joanne Thompson, B.S. Child Development (Production Specialist) Gerald w. Underwood, B.A. Outdoor Recreation 51 IV. PERSONS AND AGENCIES CONSULTED 8/5 Dana Whitson, Carlsbad Planning Department 8/5 Fred Lance, Carlsbad Unified School District 8/5 Chief Girard Anear, Carlsbad Fire Department 8/5 Captain Rossall, Carlsbad Police Department 8/5 Alan Meechum, Carlsbad Planning Department 8/6 Dick Yeager, McDougal Sanitation Inc., Carlsbad 8/6 Karen Lamphere, Comprehensive Planning Organization 8/6 Mrs. Bobbi Hoder, Carlsbad Public Library 8/6 nrs. Charlice Dunne, Carlsbad Chamber of Commerce 8/6 Larry Clark, County of San Diego, Department of Transpor- tation 8/6 Bob Allen, County of San Diego, Department of Sanitation and Flood Control, Solid Waste-Refuse Operations 8/9 Larry Maas, Tri-City Hospital, Oceanside 8/9 Ms. Rosanne Stogner, San Dieguito Hospital 8/9 Chuck Stuck, Airports Division, County of San Diego 8/17 Mr. Dan D'P.micol, Operations Manager, North County Transit System 8/17 Dan Groth, Engineering Division, City of Carlsbad 8/17 Kent Whitson, Engineering Division, City of Carlsbad 8/19 Mr. Clyde Dietrich, Encina Water Pollution Control Facility 8/19 Ms. Lorna Drape~ San Marcos Unified School District 8/19 Mr. Don Wright, San Marcos Junior High School 8/19 Mr. Win Priday, Carlsbad Municipal Water District 8/26 Mr. Harner Pemberton, Assistant Manager, Palomar Airport 9/2 Mr. Joe Sandy, Planning Department, City of Carlsbad 52 V. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bolt, Beranek & Newman 1973 Fundamentals and Abatement of Traffic Noise, Office of Environmental Policy., Federal Highway Administration California Division of Mines and Geology 1963 Mines and Mineral Resources of San Die o Count Cali- ornia. San Francisco, California. City of Carlsbad 1974 General Plan, Circulation Element. Carlsbad, California. 1974 General Plan Land Use Element. Carlsbad, California . 1975 General Plan, Public Safety Element. Carlsbad, Califor- nia. Comprehensive Planning Organization 1974 Comprehensive Land Use Plan:. Palomar Airport. CRM Books 1973 Geology Today . Daniel, Mann, Johnson and Mendenhall 1972 Airport Noise Study for San Diego County Doell, Charles E. 1968 Elements of Park and Recreation Administration Highway Research Board 1965 Highway Capacity Manual. Rick Environmental Consultants 1975 La Costa Master Development Plan. San Diego County Air Pollution Contr~l District 1975 Air Pollution Quarterly. Volume 4, No. 5, San Diego, California. San Diego County Environmental Development Agency 1972-Natural Resource Inventory of San Diego County. Un- 1973 published studies in series, San Diego, California. 1974 Preliminary Seismic Safety Element. San Diego, Cali- fornia. 53 APPENDICES APPENDIX A PROJECT DATA 1. Residential AP PENDIX A PROJECT DATA a. Units. The number of proposed homes in Unit Acor- responds to the tentative map for that unit. The number of units proposed for the remainder of Rancho Carri llo corres- ponds to those indicated in t he Rancho Carrillo Master Devel- opment Plan. b. Population. These figures were based on a factor of 2.70 persons per household. Th is f i gure was derived from the 1975 Special Census conducted by the San Diego County Integrated Planning Office. This special census took into account many parameters of future population growth in the county: age groupings, persons per household in census tracts , county and city information, and actual statistical sampling of occupied housing units. c. Student Generation. Student generation rates were projected from figures supplied by Mr. Fred Lance, Carlsbad Unified School District and Mr . Don Wright , San Marcos Junior High School (August 1976). An average generation factor of .635 students per dwelling unit for all grades K-12. d. Number of Privately Owned Vehicles. A factor of 2.0 automobiles per dwelling unit was used. This was based on an average figure compil ed by sampling five residential subdivi- sions within San Diego County. Data obtained from Integrated Planning Office, Traffic Research Department, 5-20-76. e. Natural Gas. Natural gas consumption was based on a factor of 70 Therms (7,000 cubic feet ) per month per dwelling unit; communication with Brook Dunn, Energy Conservation De- partment, San Diego Gas and Electric Co. (7/9/76). f. Electricity Consumption. Electricity consumption was based on a factor of 500 kwh per month per dwelling unit. Data obtained from SDG&E, as given above. g. Water Demands. A factor of 180 gallons of water per person per day was used in report calculations. Data obtained from Carlsbad Municipal Water District on 8/19/76. h. Sewage Generation. A factor of 100 gallons per person per day was utilized in report calculations. Data obtained from the City of Carlsbad. a -1 TABLE IA MAXIMUM DEVELOPMENT POSSIBLE UNDER THE APPROVED RANCHO CARRILLO MASTER DEVELOPMENT PLAN Sewage Solid Waste Number of Gas Electricity Generated Generated Water Unit/Acres Dwelling Units Population cu/ft mo. kwh/month qpd lbs/cu _yd. Demand A-142 1,080 2 ,916 7,560,000 540 ,000 291,600 14,288 524,880 13.6 B-67 660 1,782 4,620,000 330,000 178,200 8,732 320,760 8.3 C-86 172 464 1,204,000 86,000 46,400 2,274 83,520 2.1 D-110 618 1,669 4,326,000 309,000 166,900 8,178 300,420 7.7 p, E&F-205 1,025 2,768 7,175,000 512,500 276,800 13,563 498,240 I 12.9 I.,.) G-121 1,028 2,776 7,196,000 514,000 277,600 13,602 12.9 499,680 4,583 12,375 32,081,000 2,291,500 1,237,500 60,637 2,227,500 48.2 APPENDIX B AIR QUALITY -. : APPENDIX B AIR QUALITY DATA FOR RANCHO, CARRILLO, UNI.T A, AS PROPOSED Automobile Emissions Daily vehicle trips generated from proposed project= 34-6 residences x 8. 32 trips per residence per day = 2,878 trips per day Daily motor vehicle miles generated h~.Projected project= 2,878 trips per day x 7 miles per trip** =2~, 151 miles per day * Data obtained from Integrated Planning Office, personal communication with Ralph Thielick, 8/25/76. ** Average length of trip to and from residences within San Diego Re~ion. 1980 Automobile Age Distribution and Miles Driven (California Statis- tical Abstract, 1971, Table J-9): "Unit A" Age Percent of Miles/Day Year Class Total Automobiles By Class 1980 1 8.09 1,530 1979 2 10.06 2,027 1978 3 9.79 1,972 1977 4 8.47 1,706 1976 5 8.84 1,781 1975 6 9.22 1,857 1974 7 8.53 1,718 1973 or 7+ 37.00 7 ,455 older Totals 100.00 20,146* *This total differs from actual mi'l.eage count because decimals were rounded to nearest whole number. b-1 APPENDIX B AIR QUALITY RANCHO CARRILLO OF DEVELOPED TO MAXIMUM UNDER APPROVED MAS1ER PLAN Automobile Emissions Daily vehicle trips generated from proposed project= 4583 residences x 7. 59* per reside nce per day = 34,795trips per day Daily motor vehicle miles generated by projected project= 34785 trips per day x 7 miles per trip** =243,49smiles per day * Data obtained from Integrated Planning Office, personal communication with Ralph Thielick, 8/25/76. ** Average length of trip to and from residences within San Diego Region. 1980 Automobile Age Distribution and Miles Driven (California Statis- tical Abstract, 1971, Table J-9): Age Percent of Miles/Day Year Class Total Automobiles Bi Class 1980 1 8.09 19,699 1979 2 10.06 24,496 1978 3 9.79 23,838 1977 4 8.47 20,624 1976 5 8.84 21,525 1975 6 9.22 22 ,450 1974 7 8.53 20,770 1973 or 7+ 37.00 90,093 older Totals 100.00 243 ,495 b-3 AIR QUALITY DATA RANCHO CARRILLO, ·rF DEVELOPED TO MAXIMUM UNDER A MASTER PLAN TO BE SUBMITTED AT A FUTURE DATE Automobile Emissions Daily vehicle trips generated from proposed project= 3,694 residences x 8.32 trips per residence per day = 30,742trips per day Daily motor vehicle miles geperated by projected project= 30,742 trips per day x 7 miles per trip** =215,19~iles per day * Data obtained from Integrated Planning Office, personal communication with Ralph Thielick, 8/25/76. ** Average length of trip to and from .residences within San Diego Region. 1980 Automobile Age Distribution and Miles Driven (California Statis- tical Abstract, 1971, Table J-9): Age Percent of Miles/Day Year Class Total Automobiles By Class 1980 1 8.09 17,409 1979 2 10.06 21,648 1978 3 9.79 21,067 1977 4 8.47 18,227 1976 5 8.84 19,023 1975 6 9.22 19,841 1974 7 8.53 18,356 1973 or 7+ 37.00 79,622 older Totals 100.00 215,193 b-5 APPENDIX C APPENDIX C AN ANALYSIS OF THE NOI SE . ENVI RONMENT OF THE PROPOSED RANCHO CARRILLO An analysis of the noise to which the property is subjected was conducted using methods outlined in Swing (1973), and Bolt, Beranek and Newman (1973). The day-night average sound level (Ldn) noise rating scale was utilized in this analysis. There are several reasons for the choice of this particular scale. These are: 1. This scale includes correction factors for both event duration and the number of events in a 24-hour period. 2. This scale can be used for the analysis of noise from diverse sources including vehicular traffic, aircraft, rail operations, and stationary sources. 3 . This scale is utilized by both the Environmental Pro- tection Agency (EPA) and the San Diego County Comprehen- sive Planning Organization (CPO). The Lan noise rating scale noise exposure in the community plied to noise occurring during the same as the Community Noise is a measure of the cumulative with weighting factors being ap- nighttime periods. Ld~ is roughly Equivalent Level (CNELJ . There are certain inadequacies o f the Wyle model (Swing, 1973) as applied to the noise generated by vehicular traffic. The model is inaccurate for traffic flows of less than 100 vehicles per hour and the model underestimates the noise generated by future t r affic flows. The first of these difficulties cannot be readily compensated. Jack Swing, at the California State Noise Laboratory, is currently trying to develop a model for noise from low traffic flows but is pessimistic about the outcome (Jack Swing, personal communication, 7 September 1976). In that no good model for low flows exists, the Wyle model is used in this report. The Lan values calculated should be considered as a first order estimate only, however . The second difficulty with the model, that of the noise gen- erated by future traffic flows, can be easily corrected. An addi- tion of 3 dB to the final calculation of the Lan fo r future traffic levels is an adequate correction factor (Swing , 7 September 1976). c-1 c:: 'tW +I c:: H QJ c:: (1j ~ Q) Q) ·.-1 ..... ~ E: 'U Average Hourl~ % T dB (1j +I Q) ....,eq, ·.-10 rn ~ Ref. Segment ADT Speed Flow Trucks +I lfl :, (103) ·.-I ·n H n Day Night Day !Night s:: +I 'U 0 H (1j ,:C~ Palomar Airport I/ Rd. east of El 1 Camino Real 55 50 319 79 2 62 57 65 ---(Weekdav) Palomar Airport / Rd. east of El 1 Camino Real 18 50 1044 260 2 67 62 70 ---lSundav\ Palomar Airport L%: 1 Road (1990) 30 55 1740 433 4 67 61 69 ---I/ 1. ADTs and projections supplied by Traffic Engineer, City of Carlsbad, 8/17/76. HIGHWAY NOISE ANALYSIS WORKSHEET FIGURE C-1 +I +I Q) 0 Q) Q) ~ 0 ·n +I +I CQ 0 c:: Q) 0 'O M Q) 'O lfl Q) -0. ),. E: (1j {.) in +I M +I M +I c:: \D Q) +I IIS ti) c., (1j m II Q) Id 'O :, +I ~ C ·n M c:: Ill c::-c:: :, 'U 0 'O ·.-1 'O 'O 0 ,:C ~ H OH H .Q ---65 50 65 ---70 130 70 ---72 110 72 LIS 10?0 ~ '°° 700 600 ~00 400- 300 - 2()() - IOO - liO 80 ro -· 60 ,o- 40 :,,;_. , ... en] '::l, z ! z -1 er: ~! ~ l.u' er:! a), a:! ,lu _, ,er: \CC i~f 1001 ,o . 40 ,0 20 l:: . :· 1 q:i::::o::i:: •. , t 1--:rr r tt 1---:.T1-,-1 ct~tn¼Hffl!§ .L..:........l. r 1 i ~ r I- .1"TTJJUt! H-+ i Ht-i-±ff [ :=i I I' • 10 _:;:;::... --·-~t_T;v· ·•· L=.:....lLr ~ " 7 +n fFHIIW-f CJ C"J° L'.l" z er: :::> I-., 1..-1 I- 0 > ii: --l I ..-: m ~ z ~~~ .. _ ...... .......,r ...... Cl..L.L n r I j f:f l ffi ~~J-, i· ~ ·-· tt-ttfI~L r::::l' LIS IOOO r- 900 800 I- 700 600 500 :t 200 IOO 90 80 70 /iO I-. 31\t F .. t TURN---uNJ OF SIGHT (L/Sl I I VS ~ i i ~ g ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ § ~ ~ ~ ~8 F .. t FIGURE C-2 ,-... ~ ·-------··--~-· ••• ·~ -~·. • .. ,J ... C.J ~ c=:J' t=l' C . .-----.--:::=t--C'7 !BARRIER ATTENUATION I 4 .,_,."'-1 ~ 15 "'"' 10 23624 1, ., ,I !ANGLE SUBTENDED! ~ g 12 ~ g ~ < ' ~ 0 !::: ;;~~ ·=ttW1· ~ • 1;r ' I_ 1 HrJJf:TI±i!m 11 '• n= r --r.-c bb:4W ia¥it+lll l I . : . f t . LAND USE SUITABILITY IN NOISE IMPACT AREAS LANO USE Residential-Single Family, Duplex, Mobile Homes Residential- Multiple Family Transient Lodging School Classrooms, Libraries, Churches Hospitals, Nursing Homes Auditoriums, Concert Halls, Music Shells Sports Arenas, Outdoor Spectator Sports Playgrounds, Neighborhood Park, Golf Courses, Riding Stables, 55 Water Recreation, <:emeteries •······=·=·=·=·=·•·:•.···, Office Buildings, P11rsonal, Business and Profe,"onal Commercial-Retail Movie Theaters, Rt1<1aurants Commercial-Wholus<1le, Soma :· Retail, Ind., Mfg., Utilitias l 1vestock F .irming, Animal Breeding Agriculture (Excopt Li.11stock ). Mining_ r "lung Puhl,c Royht ot W d Y Ex111nsove Ndtu, .. 1 Recre~tfon Area) Cornmun,ty Noose Equ,vHlent Level CNEL 1 60 65 70 75 80 INTERPRETATION t •:t:[=,=: :::=::=:':==:=:=:<I CLEARL V ACCEPTABLE The noise eKposure ,s such that the activities 1ssoco.tted with the land use may be carried out with essenti.-lly no interference from ai, craft noise. (Residential areas: both indoor and outdoor noise environments are pleasant.I ~ NORMALL V ACCEPTABLE The noise IIKposure is great enough to be of some concern, but common building con- struction will make the indoor environment acceptable, even for sleeping quarters. -NORMA LL V UNACCEPTABLE The noise exposure is s1\1nifi- cantly more severe so thdt unusual and costly buold,ng construction is necessary to insure all11quate performdnce of activities. (1-esident,al areas: barriers must be erec- ted between the sote anct prominent noose sources to make the outdoor env1ron· ment tohtr.-ble.) -CLEAAL Y UNACCEPTABLE Thtt no1stt exposure ,s so "ittvdrtt 1httt const,uctt<.ln costs h.> 1nc1k~ thtt indoor ttnvuon ntttnt fH:ceµtahht for peduriltdnce .it dcllv,1I8' would i.., prnh1h1t1ve. (Hes1denhdl ,Ueds: thitt outdo1i.u l:tll\11rllrHlH!nt woulJ tut lll(Olttf ahlt1 for normal re§1Llen11•I un. I SOURCE: HUD, "'Ancrah No.~e ln,pctc(. Pl.-t11r1,r11J ,;ludd11Hh f,u l \h:,d t\ij1mc1d~ ... by Wili&y & Hctm and Bolt, Beranek dnlf N~wm•"· I~/! FIGURE C-4 APPENDIX D BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES REPORT APPENDIX E SOILS AND GEOLOGY • APPENDIX E SOILS AND GEOLOGY The proposed project is underlain almost entirely by a single geologic unit composed of sandstone. A very small por- tion of Section 'G' on the Master Development Plan is under- lain by alluvium. Harold F. Weber, Jr., (Mines and Mineral Resources of San Diego County) describes these units as follows: Tes: Qal: Unnamed sandstone units; undivided. Exposed to a nearly continuous belt as wide as seven miles which extends southward from the Orange County line to Torrey Pines State Park. The Eocene sandstone that lies north of La Jolla Quadrangle consists chiefly of white, uncemented sandstone with a very small proportion of thin layers of shale siltstone and conglomerate. The sandstone is mainly fine to medium grained, and composed nearly wholly of feldspar and quartz with a very small proportion of silt, clay and dark minerals. It is exposed in rolling hills and in sides of steep-walled canyons whose slopes are snow white to slightly brown-stained and commonly exhibit rill-like erosional features. The thickness of the sandstone increases northward, reaching a maximum of about 3,300 to 3,400 in the San Mateo Canyon area, near San Onofre. Alluvium -This material was deposited by rivers and streams in the western portion of San Diego County. These are unconsolidated deposits com- posed mainly of clay-sized fragments, silt, sand and pebbles with minor proportions of cobbles and boulders. Clasts generally represent various granitic and metamorphic rock types. In the interior part of the county, alluvium consists mainly of valley fill, which underlies many tens of square miles. e-1 SOIL LrE2 LsE ScA SOILS INTERPRETATION, CONT'D. CAPABILITY* SHRINK/SWELL PERMEABILITY TYPE UNIT EROOIBILITY BEHAVIOR RUNOFF IN ./HR . Los Posas stony fine sandy loam, 9-30% Medium to slopes, eroded VI Moderate 1 High Rapid 0. 2 -.63 Linne Clay loam Medium to 9 -30% slopes IV Moderate 2 Moderate Rapid 0.2 -.63 Salinas Clay Very 0 -2% slopes II S 1 i ght Moderate Slow 0.06 -0.2 *Capability units are broad, general classifications of land on the basis of its suitability for various purposes. Roman numerals I -VIII are used to classify the soils as defined below: Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class V Class VI Class VII Class VIII Fe~ limitations on use. Moderate limits on use, may reduce choice of plants or require moderate conservation practices. Severe limitations on choice of plants or requires special conservation practices, or both. Very severe limitations on choice of plants or require special management, or both. Erodibility is not a problem but has prac- tical limitations that restricts use to pas- ture or range, woodland, or wildlife habitat. Severe limitations that makes it generally unsuitable for cultivation and restricts use to pasture or range, woodland or wildlife habitat. Very severe limitations making them unsuitable for crops. Uses restricted to classes V & VI above. **Numbers dibility. and 16 to Soils and landforms have limitations that pre- cludes their use for commercial crop produc- tion, wildlife, water supply, or aesthetic purposes. indicate soil properties or qualities that affect ero- One refers to slope, two to surface layer texture grade of structure in the surface layer. Source: Soil Survey, San Diego Area, California, U.S .D.A., Soil Conservation Service and U.S. Forest Service. e -3 Dashes indicate that the soil is poorly suited or not suited to the specified crop. Numbers indicate soil proper- ties or qualities that adversely affect suitability for a specified crop. Number one refers to slope; two to surface layer texture; and seven to permeability rate. A soil rated as good or fair for any one crop is classified as agricul- tural land. Source: Soil Survey, San Diego Area, California. U.S.D.A., soil Conservation Service and U.S. Forest Service. e -5 APPENDIX F ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURFACE RECONNAISSANCE OF THE RECON RANCHO CARRILLO AREA Pr epar ed for RANCHO CARRILLO PARTNERSHIP 530 B STREET , SUITE 2330 SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92101 Prepar ed by en,~ ~,ct) CHARLES S. BULL SUPERVISORY ARCHAEOLOGIST RICK ENVIR ONMENTAL CON SULTAN TS ee20 FFUAR6 ROAO • SAN OIEGO. CAL.IFORNIA 92110 • TEL.EPHON E -n4 I QSB-81:zt!I JOB NO. 5632 SEPTEMBER 1976 • TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .. I . SUMMARY A. FI NDI NGS B. l. 2. 3 . Section l. Secti on 2 Secti on 3 I MPACTS AND MI TI GATI ON I I . ARCHAEOLOGICAL I MPACT REPORT A. B. PROJECT SETTI NG . GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES C. BI OLOGICAL SETTI NG ii l 1 1 4 4 5 7 7 8 10 1. Descripti on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 2 . Exploitation of Bi o l ogical Env ironment. . 10 D. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY ..... 12 1. Descripti on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2. Results of Archaeological I nvest igation . 13 Sec t i on 1 . . . . . . . . . . 1 3 Section 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Section 3 . . . . . . . 20 E. CULTURAL SETT ING 1. Batiquitos Lagoon Region 2. Far Southwest Area a. Early Man Stage . . b . Milling Stone Stage c. Late Prehistoric . d. Summary . . . e. Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 22 2 3 24 25 32 36 39 ABSTRACT In accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act and the requirements of the City of Carlsbad, California, an archaeological survey was conducted of 853-acres known as Rancho Carrillo. The survey involved an on-foot reconnais- sance of 732-acres and an examination of the extensive work previously done on the remaining 121-acres of the project area by a team of archaeologists representing RECON. As a result of this investigation, 18 archaeological sites were either discovered or revisited. This report is a result of that survey. Included herein are assessments of project impacts on the historic and prehistoric resources of the area, and recommendations for mitigation of those adverse impacts. ii I. SUMMARY A. FINDINGS The proposed Rancho Carrillo project involves 853 acres of land in the City of Carlsbad, California (Figure 1). The majority of the area is located south of Palomar Airport Road, and about 1.13 miles east of El Camino Real. The en- tire project area encompasses the Southeast Quarter of Sec- tion 24, Township 12 South, Range 4 West, and Northwest Quar- ter, North Half of the Southwest Quarter, West Half of the Northeast Quarter and the Northwest Quarter of the Southwest Quarter of Section 19, and the South Half of Section 18, Town- ship 12 South, Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian. For clarity, the examination of this area will be divided into three segments (Figure 2). The first of these, Section 1, is of prime interest at this time as it is sche- duled for alteration. Sections 2 and 3 will be discussed, but are not presently being considered for development. A total of 18 archaeological sites are scattered throughout the Rancho Carrillo area (Figure 2). In associa- tion with these sites are numerous isolated artifacts. Of the archaeological resources present, one is within Section 1, three within Section 3 and 14 within Section 2. These sites vary from small, very light concentrations of artifacts and/or shell to a major historic resource, the Carrillo Ranch. Similarly, they range in scientific potential from those of great importance to sites with little information potential~ 1. Section 1. This portion of the Rancho Carrillo property lies in the northwestern corner and encompasses 111 acres. Development of this area consists of construction of 346 dwelling units on approximately 111 acres of land. One archaeological site, SDM-W-1091, and two iso- lated finds lie within this section. This site has been greatly disturbed through present land use as the entire area is under cultivation for tomatoes. The disturbed nature of the site greatly detracts from its potential to provide infor- mation to local prehistoric archaeologists. The site consists of a very light scatter of arti- facts and a thin distribution of shell. The paucity of cul- tural material, then, combines with the disturbed condition of the resource to greatly limit the scientific potential of the resource. f-1 B. IMPACTS AND MITIGATION Present plans at Rancho Carrillo involve direct im- pacts only to Section 1. As additional areas are scheduled for development, specific affects will be evaluated. There- fore, at the present time, only SDM-W-1091 is subject to di- rect impacts. As mentioned earlier, this archaeological re- source is light and has been greatly disturbed . As such, no furhter mitigating measures can be recommended. The site could provide very little additional information. The archaeological sites in Section 2 vary greatly as to importance and therefore as to necessary mitigation. Table 1 provides a synopsis of the mitigation which would be neces- sary for these resources. As no specific plans have been adopted for this area, impacts cannot be concretely evaluated . • All sites found in Section 3 are considered mitigated by Kaldenberg 's activities in 1975. f-5 II. ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT REPORT A. PROJECT SETTING The Rancho Carrillo project area is located in the City of Carlsbad, California. It consists of 853 acres of land north of Rancho La Costa, approximately 1.2 miles east of Palomar Airport and 1.5 miles west of Lake San Marcos. The entire project area encompasses the Southeast Quarter of Section 24, Township 12 South, Range 4 West, and Northwest Quarter, North Half of the Southwest Quarter, West Half of the Northeast Quarter and the Northwest Quarter of the Southwest Quarter of Section 19, and the South Half of Section 18, Town- ship 12 South, Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian. The project area lies to the northeast of Batiquitos Lagoon, a major resource area for prehistoric inhabitants, and is bisected by a northern tributary of San Marcos Creek. This drainage would have been the major source of water for aboriginal inhabitants of the area. Topographicall y, the area consists of the major cen- tral drainage surrounded by steep to gradual sloping hills. The s l ope of these hills range from a minimum of six percent to a maximum of 25 percent with an estimated mean of 13 per- cent. The property ranges in elevation from 120 to 420 feet above Mean Sea Level. f-7 B. GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES Throughout time, man has had to adapt his culture to the environmental settin g in which it was located. This involved the devel opment of culture traits which would allow for e xp loitation of local resources, be they biological or physical. Cul ture, as man 's primary adaptive mechanism, en- tails the utilization of available r esources t o provide the means of maintaining subsistence. Lithic materials (stone) were used in all aspects of prehistoric environmental adaptation, including huntinq end vegetable food gathering and processing . An important char- acteristic of any given location, then is the availability of lithic resources. Aboriginal utilization of lithic material can be div- ided into two primary categories; butting and p i ercing imple - ments and grinding and crushing impl ements. The latter of these are made from a wide variety of materials, ranging from fine-grained metavolcanics to coarser quartzites and granitics. The former are produced by flaking such materi als as felsite , basalt, quartz, obsidian a nd other fine-grained materials. As such, the occurrence of certain lithic materi- als on or near a specific area is important to the occurrence of archaeological sites. Of prime importance to our discussion , then, is the occurrence of geological resources on or near the subject property . The presence or absence of these materials can help provide an explanation for the occurrence of archaeo- logical sites. Webe r (1958-1959) indicates t hat the area is an undi- vided sandstone of Eocene origin. Cretaceous age , quartz and grano-diorites occur at the southeastern portion of the property. Although no fine-grained lithic materials occur on the Rancho Carrillo property, Santiago Peak Metavolcanics are available less than one mile to the east and to the south. There are also no outcrops of bedrock evident on the property , an important resource for the production of milling areas. The only lithic resource readily available on the property would be intrusive cobbl es carried into the area by both cul- tural and natural forces. f -8 I C. BIOLOGICAL SETTING 1. Description. Before the establishment of Euro- pean lifeways in California, local natives secured the essen- tials of life directly from their surroundings. This entailed a broad knowledge of plant and animal resources as well as an understanding of their applicability. The Nat ive-American populations of San Diego County exploited a wide range of plants and animals. From the natural resources present, they were able to maintain a relatively stable lifestyle rarely seen in hunting and gathering cultures today. Although the area has been greatly impacted from past grazing and agricultural use , a wide variety of plants and animals still occur. The following plant list was com- piled by Riggan (1976) for the Rancho Carrillo and represents a limited number of plants found on the property. Datura meteloides Quercus a~rifolia Rhus laurina Rhus integrifolia Erio~onum fasiculatum Salvia mellifera Artemisa californica Opuntia englemanni Salix sp. Adolphia californica Nicotiana glauca Jimson Weed Coast Live Oak Laurel Sumac Lemonade Berry Flat Top Buckwheat Black Sage Coastal Sage Brush Prickly Pear Willow California Adolphia Native Tobacco 2. Exploitation of Biologi cal Environment. Many of these plants were used by aboriginal populations in Southern Californ~a. The acorn of the C~ast ~ive Oak (Quercus agrifolia) was a primary staple for many historically known cultural groups (Hedges 1967). The Scrub Oak was not, however, a pri- mary food source due to the difficulty in processing of the acorn, though it has been recorded historically as an emer- gency food resource (Bean and Saubel 1972:130). Lemonade Ber- ry (Rhus integrifolia) was also used by Native-American popu- lations of the San Diego area to produce a flavored beverage (Bean and Saubel 1972:72). Black Sage (Salvia mellifera), Lemonade Berry (Rhus integrifolia), and Prickly Pear (Opuntia englemanni) all were used by ethnographically recorded peoples as a food resource (Welch 1976). Past inhabitants not only obtained food from the floral environment, but also other elements of existence. Local aborigines smoked Native Tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) used the Laurel Sumac (Rhus laurina) for medicinal purposes, and employed the Willow(Salix sp.) as a construction material (Welch 1976). -- f-10 D. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY 1. Description. On 21 and 22 July, 1976, a crew of archaeologists surveyed the 732-acres of land constituting the major portion of the Rancho Carrillo project area. The remainder of the subject property has been dealt with exten- sively both by May (1973) for David D. Smith and Associates, and by Kaldenberg (.1975) for RECON. This additional 121-acres were, at the time of Kaldenberg's work, known as Carrillo Es- tates and were dealt with intensively in Archaeological Inves- tigations at Rancho Carrillo Estates (Kaldenberg 1975). At that time, Kaldenberg, representing RECON, stated that any potential loss of information from these archaeological sites due to development, is considered to have been mitigated (Kal- denberg 1975:104). The area dealt with by Kaldenberg corres- ponds to Section 3 of the Rancho Carrillo project as discussed in this report. A total of 104 manhours was spent in the field by Charles s. Bull, Supervisory Archaeologist; David Hanna, Jr., Assistant Archaeologist/Field Supervisor; Margret Wie- dauer, Harvey Hatley, and Kree Easland, Archaeological Assist- ants, all representing RECON. All accessible areas were examined on foot for the presence of historic, protohistoric and prehistoric remains. As a result of this survey, 18 archaeological sites were located. These sites varied in age from the rela- tively recent Carrillo Ranch to at least as old as 6,880±280 at SDM-W-915 (UCR-434) (Kaldenberg 1976:71), and they vary in extent from small, sparse scatters of shell to concentrated collections of lithic artifacts and rich midden soil. For clarity this project area will be arbitrarily divided into three sections (See Figure 2). Section 1 is an irregularly shaped, 111-a cre parcel in the northeastern corner of the property. It corresponds directly to Units a and i-1 of the Ra nc ho Carrillo Master Development Plan. Section 2 consists of 621-acres and encompasses Units h-1, h-2, h-3, b, c, d, e, f, i-2, j and k of the Master Development Plan. Finally, Section 3 corresponds to Unit g of the Plan and en- compasses 121-acres at the southwestern extent of the subject prope rty. Both Sections 1 and 2 were subject to an on-foot survey in conjunction with this report. Section 3 had pre- viously been surveyed by May (1973) and dealt with extensively by Kaldenber g (1975). As such, a re-survey of this area would have been needlessly repetitious. f-12 recorded by Kaldenberg during his survey of La Costa (1976). At that time he noted "highly patinated felsite scrapers and flakes, basalt debitage and one broken blade fragment" (Kal- denberg 1976). He also presents a Carbon 14 date of 6880± 280 B.P. (Before Present) (UCR-434) for shellfish remains collected from the site . . .. ·-. The site is located in the Northwest Quarter of the Southeast Quarter of s·ection 19, Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian. It is at a mini- mum elevation of 500 feet above Mean Sea Level and covers an area of approximately 4,000 square meters. A profile of the southern extent of the site, revealed by borrowing activities, indicates a minimum depth of 35 centimeters. Site: SDM-W-1078. This site is a light shell scatter, located at the southwestern extent of Section 2. The site is located in the Northwest Quarter of the Southwest Quarter of Section 19, Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian. It covers about 2,000 square meters and lies at a minimum elevation of 430 feet above Mean Sea Level. In addition to Chione sp., Aequipecten sp. and Ostrea, six small flakes were also found. As the shell and artifact concentration are light, it is apparent that use of this sit~ area was quite temporary. Site: SDM-W-1079. Located on the southern extent of the subject property, this site consists solely of shellfish remains. We know that it is the result of past human activity because of its minimum elevation of 490 feet, and distance from the nearest shell resource area, 2.5 miles to the southwest. The site is located in the North Half of the Southwest Quarter of Section 19, Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian. It covers an area of about 182 square meters and there is no indication of depth. Sit e: SDM-W-1080. This site, as was W-1079 is a very light scatter of shell. No artifacts were found in association. The site lies at an elevation of 425 feet above Mean Sea Level, and covers an area 65 square meters. The wide dispersion of the shell fragments makes boundaries difficult to determine, however. The site falls within the Northeast Quarter of the Southwest Quarter of Section 19, Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian. f -14 Site: SDM-W-1084. This site is located in the Northwest Quarter of the Northeast Quarter of Section 19, Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San. Bernardino Base Meridian. It lies at an approximate elevation of 325 feet above Mean Sea Level, and covers an area about 1,700 square meters. The site is apparently a quarry area, con- sisting of several flakes, cores and at least one tool. The materials present here range greatly in fracturing quality, a prime consideration in lithic technology. There is no midden at the site and no indi- cation of a subsurface component. Site: SDM-W-1085. This site lies at the northern extent of a small side-wash which empties into the main central valley. It is in the South Half of the Southwest Quarter of Section 18, Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian. It has a minimum elevation of 330 feet and covers a small area of 100 square meters. The cultural material identified at the site includes two flakes and a single scraper. This either repre - sents a very limited use or a secondary deposition. Either is possible as the site is situated between two stream cuts and below an area near a recorded archaeological site. Site: SDM-W-1086. This site is the most sub- stantial prehistoric archaeological resource on the subject property. It is located on a small knoll overlooking Carrillo Ranch, and lies at an elevation of about 245 feet above Mean Sea Level. Its location can ,be described as being within the Northeast Quarter of the Northwest Quarter of Section 19, Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian. The site covers an area of 2,000 square meters with an estimated depth of midden of 40 centimeters. A wide variety of lithic artifacts were identified on the site includ- ing scrapers, hammerstones, manos, both secondary and primary flakes and cores. Moderate amounts of shell primarily Aequipec- ten and ChiGne were also found at this site. The site is interestingly, limited to the knoll, and does not extend up a small ridge to the north. In an at- tempt to delineate the horizontal extent of midden, soil sam- ples were taken from the site and adjoining area and tested for pH and orthophosphate. Table 2 indicates the results of this test. f-16 Site: SDM-W-1087. This prehistoric site is located on the side of a large south sloping hill at an elevation of 285 feet. No artifacts were discovered, but the presence of shell indicates human activity. As the ground cover was to heavy to allow for a good evaluation of the amount of shell, present estimates as to the concentration of the resource must be held in abeyance. The site is ·1ocated in the West Half of the Northwest Quarter of Section 19, Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian. Site: SDM-W-1088. This is also a "shell only" site located on the side of the same hill which sup- ports W-1087. It falls within the West Half of the Northwest Quarter of Section 19, Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian, at an elevation of approximately 300 feet above Mean Sea Level. Although the shell scatter at this site is light, the resource takes on added significance because of the occurrence of bean clam. This discovery of the beach shell makes this a unique resource. Site: SDM-W-1089. This site covers a sur- face area of about 300 square meters. It lies on a steep slope of a large south-facing hill immediately above the central valley. It falls within the Southeast Quarter of the Northeast Quarter of Section 24, Township 12 South, Range 4 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian, at an elevation of about 190 feet above Mean Sea Level. This area is markedly more substantial than the majority of the Rancho Carrillo resources with 20 flakes and debitage and a wide variety of shell being identified. There is a possibility that this site has a culture-bearing overburden, and thus has markedly greater research potential than the neighboring simple surface scatters. Site: SDM-W-1090. This site lies on the south side of the central valley, on the eastern slope of a north-trending finger of land. It falls within the Southwest Quarter of the Northwest Quarter of Section 19, Township 12 South, Range 3 West. The site covers an estimated area 100 square meters, with a mean elevation of 225 feet. location. dent. Twenty flakes/debitage were found at this No midden or cultural-bearing overburden is evi- f-18 Section 3. Three archaeologi cal sites have been described in length by Kaldenberg (1975) for this area of Rancho Carrillo. The following descriptions were obtained di- rectly from that report. Site: SDM~W-587. This site was a surface quarry which covered an area of about 5,312 square meters. The site was located in the Southwest Quarter of t he South- west Quarter of Section 24, Township 12 South, Range 4 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian, and lies at an elevation of 330 to 394 feet above Mean Sea Level (Kaldenberg 1975:2). A surface collection and mapping was per- formed by Kaldenberg in Jaunary of 1975. As a result, the site no longer exists. It is preserved only in Kaldenberg's ar- chaeological report SDM-W-587, and had 651 Native-American artifacts all found on the surface. These included grinding implements, flakes, cores, debitage, hammering artifacts, end- scrapers, pushplanes and a variety of sidescrapers (Kalden- berg 1975:58-72). Basalt and andesite were the lithic materials best represented but quartzite also occurred. In summation of this resource, Kaldenberg states: Based upon the archaeological evidence it seems that the major and perhaps only aboriginal activity which occurred at the Carrillo Estates quarry site was quar- rying and stone-tool production. The preponderant num- ber of flakes indicates that primary stone-tool produc- tion (the removal of flakes from cores) and perhaps the production of core tools occurred at the quarry site, rather than secondary retouching or refining of tools. The paucity of debitage indicates that tool re- finement must have occurred at another site within the general vicinity of Carrillo Estates and La Costa prop- erties. Due to morphological similarities with other tools lo- cated within the San Dieguito tradition, we infer that it was persons of that archaeological techno-complex who exploited the lithic resources contained within the subject property. Rogers states that persons of the S~n Dieguito tradition frequently employed andesite for the maunfacture of tools (Rogers 1958: ). The numerous recorded sites with a San Dieguito aspect near to the lithic quarry further verify the conjecture that the San Dieguito were the primary users of the extrusive vein of andesite (Kaldenberg 1975:74). f-20 E. CULTURAL SETTING As well as being set in a physical and biological environment, a historic or prehistoric resource also exists within a cultural setting. This involves the relationship between the creators of a given site and other sites, both temporally, geographically and socially. Evaluation of the cultural setting of a prehistoric resource is dependent upon previous archaeological research. The Rancho Carrillo sites should be assessed on the Batiquitos Lagoon Regional level as well as the Southern California area level. Information gained during an initial survey, however, rarely results in sufficient information to allow conclusive evaluation at either level. 1. Batiquitos Lagoon Region. A major resource area, Batiquitos Lagoon lies to the Southwest of the Rancho Carrillo area. It extends from the Pacific Ocean inland for approxi- mately 2.5 miles and has an average width of about .5 mile (Mudie , Browning and Speth (1976:16). Although the l _agoon has long served as an important natural resource for man, it is at present sealed from the sea with tidal exchange occur- ring very rarely. Mudie, Browning and Speth (1976:18) feel that Batiquitos Lagoon was a large deep water ocean embayment until about 2,000 years ago. After this date it became filled with river and stream silt and with marine sand. That the area is important to the occupation of past populations is evident by the large number of prehistoric archaeological sites which occur around the Lagoon. Warren True and Eudey note 33 sites on the Lagoon. Recent work by Kaldenberg (1975 and 1976) indicates that at least 44 archaeo- logical sites occur in the immediate vicinity of the Lagoon. The great amount of work which has been invested in examining the archaeological remains has resulted in the development of a Batiquitos Lagoon Region for local prehistory. The area referred to in t his paper as the Batiquitos Lagoon Region lies between Latitudes 33°06 '30" West and 33°04'00" north, and be- tween Longitudes 117°13'30" West and 117°191 30" West. The entire area if found within the County of San Diego, Califor- nia. Archaeological surveys have been accomplished on approxi- matel y 65 percent of this area, and a total of 102 sites have been recorded. f-22 a. Early Man Stage. The earliest of the four stages identified by Wallace, the Early Man Stage, is the least represented in all of Southern California. In San Diego County, the Early Man Stage is manifest by what Malcolm Rogers called the San Dieguito pattern (1938). He felt that this pattern extended from the San Pedro Valley in eastern Arizona to the Pacific Ocean and from Baja, California on the south to Orange County on the north. With a tool assemblage characteristic of a subsistence pattern based upon hunting, the material culture of the San Dieguito pattern consists of numerous types of scrapers and scraper planes, choppers, crescentics, large blades, and points. It has been divided into three main phases: San Dieguito I, San Dieguito II, and San Dieguito III with a fourth phase being tentatively identified in Baja, California (Rogers 1966). San Dieguito I, the earliest phase of the pattern, encompasses a tool tradition found throughout San Diego and the Far Southwest, but has yet to be defined in pub- lication for that portion of San Diego County west of the La- guna Mountain watershed. Artifacts which characterize this phase include relatively crude stone tools consisting primarily of choppers and large flakes produced by percussion flaking, sleeping circles, trail shrines and varied rock alignments (Rogers 1966). The second phase, San Dieguito II, is the first to be identified west of the Laguna Mountains watershed. Rogers recorded 52 sites in the county containing cultural material representative of this phase (Rogers 1966:178-184). Though the dating of this phase is not explicit, its introduc- tion has been estimated at about 12,000 years B.P. (Before Present). The tool assemblage is characterized by improved flaking techniques and better types of tool materials, which result in more standardized and predictable tool types, and the absence of association with sleeping circles (Rogers 1966: 60) • Artifact assemblages reportedly representative of the third phase of the San Dieguito pattern, San Dieguito III, have been identified throughout San Diego County and prob- ably persisted until 8,500 or 7,500 years B.P. (Warren and True 1961:263). The basic difference between this phase and the previous one is the appearance of pressure flaking and the increase in the use of more fine-grained lithic materials such as chalcedony, chert and jasper. f-24 These patterns stretch from below the Mexican border to north of Santa Barbara, and exhibit numerous similar manifestations. They all possessed crude chopping and scraping tools, practiced inhumation and subsisted primarily on vegetal and sea food re- sources, as evidenced by the profuse number of grinding imple- ments. In San Diego County, archaeologists have iden- tified the La Jolla pattern as belonging to the Milling Stone Stage. This pattern was first recognized by Malcolm Rogers in 1929, when he identified them as the "shell midden people." He delineated this pattern as being characterized by numerous shell middens containing metates, manos, hammerstones and tes- hoa flakes, with a noticeable lack of flaked stone implements and ceramics. Further research of this pattern has resulted in an expanded list of criteria for its delineation which in- cludes a material assemblage of Olivella beads, retouched flakes, flexed burials and an economic subsistence based on the collection of seeds and shellfish. Rogers gave the pattern its present name and at the same time divided it into two phases, La Jolla I and La Jolla II (Rogers 1945:171). Moriarty described the La Jolla I phase as having ... "crude flat surfaced milling slabs and shallow basined metates accompanied by both unifacial and bi- facial manos. The artifact assemblage is based on a rather crude cobblestone, chopper-scraper typology, all of which are percussive" (Moriarty 1966:21). La Jolla II is distinguished by the appear- ance of drilled and polished stone implements. There is a marked increase in the variety of bifaced artifacts and a development of more refined tools (Moriarty 1966:19). Moriarty also proposed another phase of the La Jolla pattern, La Jolla III. This phase is distinguished from the previous two phases solely by a change in the geo- graphical location of the sites. As the peoples repres.ented by the La Jolla pattern developed, environmental stress made it necessary for them to move inland away from the coastal l a - goons which were constantly decreasing in their productivity (Moriarty 1966:19). The La Jolla pattern has been delineated for an area extending from south of San Diego to the San Diego - Riverside County line in the north, and from the Pacific Ocea n to approximately four miles inland. It has been dated by radiocarbon from as early as 7,370=100 to as late as 3,700± 250 B.P. (Hubbs , Bien and Suess 1960). Warren places the span of time encompassed by the La Jolla pattern at from about 7,500 to 1,950 B.P. (Warren 1968:2). This more recent date f-26 "The rock dwelling shellfish decreased in number and were replaced by those dwelling on the sandy bea- ches and mud flats." (Warren and Pavesic 1961:424.) Warren, True and Eudey (1961) suggest that this movement of the La Jolla peoples may have resulted in the establishment of the "Pauma Complex." The Pauma variant is characterized by flaked stone implements much like those of the San Dieguito pattern, but unlike the San Dieguito pat- tern, the Pauma variant has a high number of grinding imple- ments. This would indicate an association with a milling tradition (True 1958). The possibility exists that the Pauma variant is related to those assemblages which Wallace refers to as Intermediate patterns. If so, it would provide evidence for the existence of a hunting-like pattern in San Diego. This will be examined further in a subsequent discussion of the hunting pattern. Nort h of San Diego County, a number of ar- chaeological manifestations similar to the La Jolla have bee n reported. Perhaps the most extensive of these make .up the pattern known as "Oak Grove.~' Initially identified by David Banks Rogers, the Oak Grove pattern is defined by the occur- rence of metates, manos and large flint flakes that have been roughly retouched (Rogers 1929:352-353) .. This pattern has been expended to include crude projectile points, a reliance on gathering of seeds and a burial of inhumation. The pattern has been dated by carbon 14 at several Southern California sites. At the Glen Annie Canyon Site, Owens presents dates which range from 6,380~120 to 7,270±120 years ago. A date of 3,000 B.P. was obtained from a site at Zuma Creek (Bright 1965:370), while materials from the World Medical Center were dated at 2,000 B.P. (Kaldenberg and Bull 1975). Archaeologists do not propose an end to the peoples of the Oak Grove pattern: rather, they suggest a con- tinual occupation of the coast by two basic tool traditions. The Oak Grove pattern represents the milling tradition, with the Hunting pattern being introduced into the record around 5,000 B.P. (Harrison and Harrison 1966:34), and representing a hunting tradition. The Hunting pattern will be discussed in more detail at a later time. It is important to note here that some individuals believe that an amalgamation of these groups developed into the more recent Canalino and thus the Chumash which were the historically recorded native popula- tion of the Santa Barbara area. f -28 Their differences, then, do not reflect change over time, but rather cultural variation within a given location. Perhaps the most characteristic pattern of this variant is the Hunting pattern of the Santa Barbara area. This pattern was initially described by D. B. Rogers as con- sisting primarily of flaked lithic implements with the intro- duction of the basket mortar. Spear and knife blades are des- cribed as being large, usually leaf-shaped, and without stem or notches. Projectile points are, as a whole, heavy, broad, and wickedly barbed. The materials of which they are made vary greatly and include quartz, chert, chalcedony and obsidian (Rogers 1929). There is a noticeable increase in the amount of bone at Hunting sites as compared with those of the Oak Grove pattern for the same area. Rogers mentions great quan- tities of shellfish, a noticeable lack of whale remains, small to medium sandstone bowls, massive shell and stone beads, red ochre and asphaltum making up the distinguishing characteris- tics of this pattern. Harrison and Harrison (1966), include whale bone as a Hunting pattern cultural element. The most complete assessment of the Hunting pattern resulted from the investigation of Aerophysics site (SBA-53). Harrison and Harrison propose· the delineation of two phases for the Hunting pattern; the Extranos Phase and the Del Mar Phase (Harrison and Harrison 1966). Diagnostic characteristics of the earlier Extranos Phase include: 1) Equal proportions cf milling stones and mullers, compared to stone vessels and pestles. 2) Large side-notched and stemmed projec- tile points and blades. 3) The use of asphalt restricted to mending stone vessels. 4) Fully flexed burials (frequently on the back. 5) Use of scraper blades. 6) Emphasis on sea and large land mammals , the larger species of fish, and large varieties of shellfish. Diagnostic traits which set the more recent Del Mar Phase from the Extranos are: D Basket mortars and pestles. 2) Asphalt for basket mortars and for haft- ing points and blades. 3) Shell and stone beads. f-30 The mutual exclusivity of burial patterns mentioned above seems somewhat indefensible, both patterns exhibiting flexed inhumations. Also, the sharing of a com- mon environment is questionable as acceptable criteria in that a number of sites have been excavated with limited amounts of material assigned to both patterns, i.e., Zuma Creek (Peck 1955) and Topanga Canyon (Johnson 1966). Without further evidence, it is difficult to state conclusivel y that the Encinitas Tradition and the Campbell Tradition, more specifically the Hunting pattern and the Oak Grove pattern, are distinct cultural groups. This is complicated by the lack of Campbell Tradition elements in San Diego County. Warren points out certain changes in San Di- ego assemblages at about 3,000 B.C. "Projectile points occur more regularly, but are still rare and mortars and pestles occur for the first time though few in number" (Warren 1968:3). With the discovery of the "Pauma Complex" (True 1958) and the increasing inclusion of milling into typically hunting assem- blages (Kaldenberg and Bull 1975) as well as within Locus II of the Harris Site (Warren 1966), the possibility that a pat- tern quite similar to the Hunting pattern does exist in San Diego County. If there is an equivalent pattern in San Diego, the possibility that the Campbell Tradition and the Encinitas Tradition are both manifestations of the same cultural group is increased. c. Late Prehistoric. Three Late Prehistoric Stage patterns have been suggested for the San Diego area: the Cuyamaca pattern, the Yuman pattern and the San Luis Rey pattern. C. W. Meighan (1954) identified a pattern of the Late Prehistoric Stage for the north portion of San Diego County. The San Luis Rey I and II variants of the San Luis Rey pattern are presented by Meighan as representing the re- mains of direct ancestors of the historically recorded occu- pants of the area. San Luis Rey I is characterized by bed- rock and slab metates, small oval manos, either bifacial or unifacial, bedrock mortars with a rare cylindrical pestle, small triangular projectile points, usually with a concave base and straight sides, stone pendants, Olivella disc and spire-lopped beads and quartz crystals. The second phase of this pattern includes all of the above traits with the .inclu- sion of ceramic vessels, tubular pipes, cremation urns, red and black pictographs, historic artifacts, and grooved stea- tite arrow straighteners. f-32 Figure 3 - ' (') 0 50 IOOmi. This figure indicates the boundari ~s a r eas of Yurnan I (dotted l ine), Yuman dash line), and Yuman III (dash line) of maximum II (dot and (Rogers 1945). artifacts including large and small projectile points, drills, scrapers, and a variety of shell and bone artifacts (Warren 1968:3-5). The burials of this group are usually flexed, face down , with their heads oriented either west or north. They are usually located in cemeteries and are frequently marked by whale bone {Warren 1968:5). The Chumash are spread over an area of Santa Barbara, Ventura and portions of Los Angeles Counties. This "Chumash Tradition" was dealt with by D. B. Rogers as the Canalino culture {1929). It was divided into three develop- mental phases and "was the most elaborate of the late coastal manifestations and marks the peak of California Indian cul- ture" {Wallace 1955:224). Areas to the south of the Chumash were oc- cupied by what Warren calls the Shoshonean and Ywnan tradi- tions. He relates these traditions with the Cuyamaca and San Luis Rey patterns, respectively. The relationship, however, is highly speculative and a great deal of work is needed to either substantiate or disprove such claims . The exact relationship between these ar chaeo- logical patterns and ethnographically recorded populations has not, to date, been determined. Meighan feels that the re- lationship of his San Luis Rey pattern and the historically recorded Luiseno is obvious and will, no doubt, be concretely established. Rogers' entire hypothesis is based on the as- sumption that a correlation between arc haeological manifesta- tions and ethnographi cally recorded peoples is justified . McGowan {1955} has made an attempt to associate Terneku with the recorded Luiseno. That a relationship between archaeol ogically obtained evidence and historic, ethnographically obtained in- formation can lead to valuable understanding of the archaeo- logical record is not in question. The connection of entire archaeological patterns with historically known groups, how- ever, is a risky business and should be appr oached cautiously. d . Summary. We have been dealing with a myriad of archaeological constructions o f a relatively uniform set of data. The work of numerous individuals have resulted in a variety of terms for substantially like e l ements . Figures 4 and 5 indicate the relationship of several prehistoric constructions proposed for the Pacific littoral of Southern California. These can be summarized to allow for a relatively complete picture of archaeologically recorded prehistory. f-36 I San Diego Los Angeles Ventura Santa Barbara Yurnan Shoshonean Chumash Chumash 2,001 --I ---- ----------' C a m p b e 1 l T r a d-i t i 0 n I I -- ' -- --- -- --------------E n C i n i t a s Tradition ..,__ 6, 00( --E n C i n i t a s T r a d i t i 0 n -- ---- '--I • ' San Die-' -guito I 9,00( ' The cultural developmental scheme proposed by Warren (1968) San Diego Los Angeles Ventura Santa Barbara San Luis Re Malaga Cove IV ·--~ ........ ---.--=.-, Canalino Malaga Cove III Topanga III Hunting 2,00 Malaga Cove II 'l'opanga II OAK Malaga Cove I Topanga I GROVE 6,00 Transitional San Dieguito 9,00 r------------------------------------' The cultural developmental scheme proposed by Kowta (1969) Figure 5 The "structural" aspect of the prehistoric framework refers here to the nature and relative position of prehistoric archaeologically defined components . The nature of the artifact assemblage, absolute temporal assessment and other inferred cultural elements constitute the structural aspect of the archaeological record. The "developmental" aspect, on the other hand, refers to the activities of the people involved in the creation and maintenance of the structural elements. Migra- tions, seasonal exploitation cycles, and other developmental cultural elements constitute the developmental aspect. Structural. The structural problems of San Diego County prehistory deal primarily with the defini- tion of the patterns and stages. The most pressing of these is the definition of San Dieguito III assemblages. To date, little conclusive evidence exists maintaining the cultural continuity of the three phases of the San Dieguito pattern. This also calls into question the relationship of two as- semblages identified as San Dieguito III and Milling Stone Stage, La Jolla pattern sites. Structural problems are also evident in the definition of the La Jolla pattern. Little in the way of information of seasonal variation of the peoples responsible for this pattern has been presented in the literature. In conjunction, work needs to be done with the inland manifes- tation, whatever it may be, of the Milling Stone Stage. The greatest amount of information presently available deals with the Late Prehistoric Stage. This is not because of more successful investigations of Late Prehistoric patterns, but rather results from the assumed relationship of these patterns with ethnographically recorded populations. What is needed, therefore, is additional substantiation of this assumption of cultural continuity between Late Prehistoric Stage patterns and historically known populations. Developmental. Structural problems can only see resolution in the clarification of developmental questions . Only by elucidating the activities which resulted in the ob- served structural elements will we be able to explain prehis- toric framework components. Developmental questions which are of primary concern at this time deal with the nature of the relationship between the originators of the San Dieguito III and the La Jolla patterns . This involved additional research into the temporal placement of each pattern. If such research maintains f -40 onset of the Milling Stone Stage of coastal Southern Cali- fornia, then corresponds to a group of Proto-Chumash, Proto- Seri speakers. They persisted on the coast until around 1500 B.P. at which time Late Prehistoric stages appear. Placement of the Rancho Carrillo prehistoric archaeological sites within this framework is dependent upon the presence or absence of certain, critical elements. The definition of any given stage, phase or pattern is accomplished by a listing of nominal criteria; lack of these diagnostic traits, then, prohibits assessment within the framework. All but one of the prehistoric archaeological sites at Rancho Carrillo lack the necessary characteristics to permit placement within the cultural framework as developed to date. This is not unusual at the survey stage of archaeo- logical research because of the limited amount of information gathered. SDM-W-915 has been dated by Carbon 14 at 6880:280 B.P. (UCR-434) (Kaldenberg 1976:71), and as such, can be associated with the Milling Stone Stage of Southern Cali- fornia prehistory. The occurrence of patinated flaked stone artifacts and the predominance of flaked as oppossed to ground lithic materials makes this site of extreme importance for re- fining l ocal cultural history. f -42 F. IMPACTS RESULTING FROM THE PROPOSED PROJECT Impacts to archaeological resources, both historic and prehistoric, can occur in two primary ways. First, direct impacts can occur to sites from the actual developmental acti- vities. Secondly, indirect impacts can occur to historic and prehistoric resources as a result of the activities which re- sult from completion of a given project. These include such things as population and/or activity increase. Both indirect and direct impacts must be evaluated when dealing with the fragile record of the past. 1. Section 1. Plans call for the initial develop- ment of this area. Specifically, 346 single-family dwelling units are proposed on the 111-acre parcel. This construction will result in an estimated population increase of 1,128 per- sons. As a result of the development of this section, one archaeological site will be directly impacted. As the design presently exists, SDM-W-1091 will be significantly im- pacted. For a discussion of mitigating measures needed at this location, se~ Section G of this report. In addition to the archaeological site, develop- ment of this area will also result in the removal of two iso- lated artifacts. The impacts to these individual specimens as well as to the site, constitute the direct impacts the development of this area will have on the archaeological rec- ord. Indirect impacts can also be predicted to historic and prehistoric resources as a consequence of the increased population resulting from the proposed development. This is particularly true of the highly identifiable remains of the Rancho de los Quiotes, and to a lesser extent to the prehis- toric site SDM-W-1086. Impacts will probably occur by in- creased visitation to the historic area, and as a result to 1086, which lies directly between the subject property and the Rancho . occur to any the valley. as adequate It is possible that other indirect impacts could one of the several prehistoric sites throughout Their inconspicuousness, however, should serve protection from intentional damage. 2. Section 2. At the present time, there are no specific construction plans for this area. As such, any as- sessme~t of direct impacts to the resources present are highly tentative and should be revaluated when a final plan is adopted. f-43 G. MITIGATING MEASURES Archaeology has the somewhat unique capabi lity of being able to significantly lessen impacts to specific ar- chaeological resources. As the value of a particular site lies,to a l arge extent, in the information stored with it, careful excavation and information recording can preserve a great deal of a site. The archaeological sites found on the Rancho Carrillo property range from small shell scatters to the extensive re- mains of the Rancho de l os Quiotes. Measures necessary to lessen the impacts to these resources also vary greatly. Table 1 provides a summary of the mitigating measures recom- mended to achieve such a lessening. 1. Site: SDM-W-1091. As this site has a limited amount of cultural debris and has been greatly disturbed, very little information could be gained from further exami- nation. Lack of contectural information and a lack of a major su~urface component make further work at this site of little value. As such, no further mitigating action is deemed necessary. 2. Sites SDM-W-1078, -1087 , -1088. As these sites are only shell scatters, little cultural information is avail- able. Prior to their disruption, however, a sample of the shells present should be taken and analyzed. This should in- clude radiocarbon dating and an in-depth discussion of the relationship between these minor resources and the more sub- stantial contemporaneous sites in the Batiquitos Lagoon Region. 3. Sites SDM-W-1079, -1080, -1081. These sites are also small scatters of shell, but due to their extreme sparsity, any work done here would be an exercise in futility. As such, no further mitigating action is necessary at these locations. 4. Sites SDM-W-1083, -1084, -1085, -1090. These sites are light deposits of cultural materials consisting of limited numbers of artifacts. When viewed independently, their re- search potential is low. However, on the locality and regional level, they can provide valuable insight into settlement pat- terns. As such, prior to destruction, these areas should be mapped and collected and a report should be prepared. 5. Sites SDM-W-587, -588, -589 . Impacts to these sites have been mitigated by work done by Kaldenberg {1975). No further archaeological work is necessary. f -45 H. PROJECT STAFF Charles S. Bull David Hanna, Jr. Kree Easland Henry Hatley Margret Weidauer Joanne Thompson f-4 7 Supervisory Archaeologist Assistant Archaeologist Archaeological Assistant Archaeological Assistant Archaeological Assistant Production Specialist I . LIST OF PERSONS AND ORGANIZAT I ONS CONSULTED Ken Hedges San Diego Museum of Man David Hanna , Jr. San Diego State University San Diego Historical Society Serra Museum Li brary Mr. Richard Carrico Mr. John Larson f-48 III. REFERENCES CITED Bean, L. J . and K. Saubel 1972 Tamalpakh: Chauill a Indian Knowledge and Usage of Plants. Banning, Maliki Museum Press. Bright, 1965 Marcia California Radiocarbon Dates in Archaeological Sur- ve~ Annual Report. Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles. 367-80. Bull, Charles S. 1975 An Archaeological Survey of the Coastal Area of Camp Pendleton Marine Base. Ms prepared for San Diego State University Foundations. Crabtree, Robert H., Claude N. Warren, and D.L. True 1963 Archaeological Investigations at Batiquitos Lagoon, Sa n Diego County, California. In University of Cali- fornia at Los Angeles Archaeological Survey Annual Report, 1962-1963., 319-349. Los Angeles: Univer- sity of California Press . Davis, E.L. 1975 Personnal communication. Davis, E.L., D. W. Brott, and D. L. Weide 1969 The Western Lithic Co-Tradition in San Diego Museum of Man Papers, No. 6, San Diego , California. Ezell, P .H. 1975 Aboriginal Cemetery at Las Flores Creek, Camp Pendle- ton. Unpublished manuscript. Greenwood, Roberta 1969 The Browne Site; Early Milling Stone Horizon in South- ern California. Society for American Archaeology. American Antiquity 34(4), Part 2. Harrison, W.M., and E. Harrison 1966 An Archaeological Sequence for the Hunting People of Santa Barbara. California Archaeological Survey An- nua l Ree<:>rt 1965-66. Department of Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles. pp 1-90 . Hubbs, 1960 C., G. Bien, and H. Suess La Jolla Natural Radio Carbon Measure I. American Journal of Science, Radio Carbon Supplement. 62:204- 238. f-49 Mudie, Peta J., Bruce M. Browning and John W. Speth 1976 The Natural Resources of San Dieguito and Batiquitos Lagoons . Department of Fish and Game, Coastal Wet- Lands, Series #12. Owen, Roger c., and Freddie Curtis, and Donalds. Miller 1964 The Glen Annie Canyon Site, SBa-142, An Early Hori- zon Site of Santa Barbara County. Archaeological Survey Annual Report, 1963-1964, 431-519. Los An- geles : University of California. Peck, Stuart L. 1955 An Archaeological Report of the Excavation of a Pre- historic Site at Zuma Creek, Los Angeles County, California. Archaeological Survey Association of Southern California No. 2, Los Angeles. Rogers, D.B. 1929 Prehistoric Man of the Santa Barbara Coast. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara. Rogers, Malcolm 1929 The Stone Art of the San Dieguito Plateau. In American Anthropologist. 31:454-467. 1938 1945 1966 Archaeological and Geological Investigations of the Cultural Levels in an Old Channel of the San Dieguito Valley. In Carnegie Institute of Washin9::. ton Yearbook. 37:344-345. An Outline of Yuman Prehistory. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 1(2) :167-198. Ancient Hunters of the Far West. San Diego: Union Tribune Publishing Company. Shumway, George, Carl L. Hubbs, and James R. Moriarty 1961 Scripps Estate Site, San Diego, California, A La Jol- lan Site Dated 5460-7370 Years Before the Present. In Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 93(3): 37-72. Treganza, A.E., and A. Bierman 1958 The Topanga Culture: Final Report on Excavations, 1948. In Anthropological Records, Volume 20, No. 2, University of California Press, Berkeley. f-51 Warren, 1961 Warren, 1961 Weber, 1957 Claude N., and D. L. True The San Dieguito Complex and Its Place in Southern California Prehistory. Archaeol ogical Survey Annual Report 1960-1961, pp. 1-106. Los Angeles: Univer- sity of California Press. Claude N., D. L. True, and Ardith Eudey Early Gatherning Complexes of Western San Diego County, California. Results and Int erpretation of an Archaeological Survey. Archaeological Survey Annual Report 1960-1961, pp. 1-106. Los Angeles: University of California Press. F. Harold, Jr. Mines and Mineral Resources of San Diego County, California, Report No. 3., California Division of Mines and Geology. f-53 ATTACHMENT 1 I l . [ l SAN DIEGO MUSEUM OF MAN 1350 El Prado. Balboa Park, San Diego, California 92101, Telephone (714) 239-2001 REPORT ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE FILES RECORD SEARCH Paa• ..l_ of 2_ Source of Request: RECON -Charles s. Bull Date of Request :_2...:.h;,....;;A.;:.:u-""g'"'u;.:.s...:.t-'-19;..7.:..6 _________ _ (X)Letter ( )Telephon• () In Person Date Request Received: 27 August 1976 (X)Map Received (X)Hap Re~1,1rned Name of Project: Carrillo Ranch -Job #5632 () The Museum of Man files show no recorded sites for the project area. (Jc) The Museum of Man files show the following sites the project area. (X)within Site No. W-148A Culture(s): Luiseno or Ywnan III (trace) <i)in ~h~ vicinity of Description:~M~.i~·ct~d~e.;:.:n~•:.--------------------------.,----- Recorded by: ..cR...:.o;..g.,;e;..::;r.;;;s ___ _ Site No. W-183 Culture(s): San Dieguito II, Ia Jolla II Description: Highland accretion camp -broken metates and manos, Recorded by:_R-o~g~e~r~s ___ _ Site No. W-183A Culture(s): San Dier;uito II Description: Highland accretion camp sitea Site No. W-183B Recorded by:_R~· ~og~e~r~s=<---- Culture(s): San Dieguito II, Yuman I II (trace) Description: ~ighland accretion camp -cobble hearths, Recorded by:___..R~q.,ge~r.,.s..._ __ _ Site No, W-18h Culture(s): San Dieguito II, Yuman II ___ __,:;:.---~---------------.------- Des c rip ti on: Highland permar.ent camp -cobble hearths , rr,etates, manos , flaking, tools. Recorded br:_R~o~g~e~r~s;_ __ _ Site No. W-191 Culture (s) :_S;;,.;a_n"--"D'""i""'e""'g"""u.;.;.:i;.,,;,:,c.co.....;;;;I.;;;;I ______________ ....-_____ _ Description: Eigh1and i ntermittent camp s i te. Recorded by:_R~·~oq~e~r~s..__ __ _ Please note: The project area may contain archaeological resources in addition to those noted above. This report is made from San Diego Museum of ~an files only and may not include data pertaining to localities other than those covered in previous Museum of Man surveys or gathered by other instit~tiops or by individuals. Record check by : Grace Johnson l Date: 27 August 19?6 f-55 w-s '" OFF MAP APPENDIX G ECONOMIC ANALYSIS TABLE G-1 ESTIMATED ANNUAL EXPENDITURES FOR COMPLETED PROJECT (UNIT "A") Project Total Gov't Expenditures* Per Capita -'· Related Public Assistance $171. 3 Roads 20 .9 Public Protection and Health Sanitation General Government Debt Service Other Subtotal Schools Carlsbad Unified TOTAL 108.6 111.4 2.6 12.0 $426,836,024 Per Student*** $1,564.38 $1,564,38 Expenditures** Expendit~res $109.84 13.40 69.64 71.43 1.67 7.69 $273.67 Project Students 214 214 $123,900 15,115 78,554 80,573 1,884 8,674 $308,700 Project Related Expenditures $334,777 $643,477 $643,477 *County of San Diego, State of California, Final Budget Volume 1, County Family of Funds for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1976, (Gerald J. Lonergan, Auditor and Controller, San Diego County), p . 4. **Per capita expenditures based on 1975 population of 1,559,505 (Board of Supervisors). ***Per student costs taken from Annual Report of Financial Trans- actions of the School Districts of San Die o Count , 1975 , Superintendent of Schools, Department of E ucation, San Diego County). g-1 Taxes Other Than Current Property Licenses & Permits Fines, Forfeits and Penalties Use of Money and Property Paid from Other Gov't Agencies Charges for Current Services Other Revenue Subtotal TOTAL ESTIMATED ANNUAL REVENUES TABLE G-2 ESTIMATED ANNUAL REVENUES FOR COMPLETED PROJECT (CONT'D) Revenue Estimate* $10,159,624 3,270,152 3,738,007 7,274,727 '.198, 726,269 22,440,017 3,646,819 $249,255,615 (UNIT "A") Per Capita Revenue** $ 6.Si 2.10 2.40 4.66 127.43 14. 39 2.34 $159.83 Project Related School Revenue R~vegue $ 7,343 2,369 2,707 5,256 143,701 16,231 2,639 $180,246 $ $180,246 *County of San Diego, State of California, Final Budget, Volume l, County Family of Funds for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1976, (Gerald J. Lonergan, Auditor and Controller, San Diego County), revenue estimates adopted by the Board of Supervisors 1975-1976, p. 14. **Per capita expenditures based on 1975 population of 1,559,505 (Board of Supervisors). g-3 TABLE G-4 ESTIMATED ANNUAL EXPENDITURES FOR COMPLETED PROJECT Total Gov't 1 Per Capita 2 Project Related Expenditures ~xpenditures : Expenditures Public Assistance $171.3 $109.84 Roads 20.9 13.40 Public Protection and Health Sani- tation 108.6 69.64 General Government 111.4 71. 43 Debt Service 2.6 1.67 Other 12.0 7.69 Subtotal $426,836,024 $273.67 Schools Carlsbad Uni- Per 3 Student fied School $1,564,38 District Rich-Mar Union Elementary $ 976.68 School District Escondido Union High School $1,187.47 District TOTAL Average · 4 Expenditures $1,242.84 $1,323,023 161,403 838,814 860,374 20,115 92,626 $3,296,366 Project Students 2,346 Project Related Expenditures $2,915,703 $6,212,058 1county of San Diego, State of California, Final Budget Volume 1, County Family of Funds for Fiscal Year Endin June 30, 1976, Gerald J. Lonergan, Au itor an Controller, San Diego County), p. 4. 2Per ca pita expenditures based on 1975 population of 1,559,505 (Board of Supervisors) 3Per student costs taken from Annual Report of Financial Trans- actions of the School Districts of San Diego County, 1975,(Su- perintendent of Schools, Department of Education, San Diego County). 4 Represents an average of percapita expenditures in school dis- tricts serving project. g-5 Taxes Other Than Current Property Licenses & Permits Fines, Forfeits and Penalties Use of Money and Property Paid from Other Gov't Agencies Charges for Current Services Other Revenue Subtotal TOTAL ESTIMATED ANNUAL REVENUES TABLE G-5 ESTIMATED ANNUAL REVEUNES FOR COMPLETED PROJECT (CONT 'D) Revenue Estimate* $10,159,624 3,270,152 3,738,007 7,274,727 198,726,269 22,440,017 3,646,819 Per Capita Revenue** $ 6.51 2.10 2.40 4.66 127.43 14.39 2.34 $249,255,615 $159.83 Project Related Sch ool Revenue Revenue $ 78,413 25,295 28,908 56,130 1,534,894 173,328 28,185 $1,925,153 $ $5,063,259 $3,261,258 *County of San Diego, State of California, Final Budget, -Volume 1, County Family of Funds for Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1976, (Gerald J. Lonergan, Auditor and Controller, San Diego County), revenue estimates adopted by the Board of Supervisors 1975-1976, p. 14. **Per capita expenditures based on 1975 population of 1,559,505 (Board of Supervisors) g-7 Following are map book pages as taken from the County Assessors Map Books . The shaded parcels signify the Rancho Carrillo site. g-9 ~ ~ ~ ~;~ l~O l,..,., -.JiNTY a-.....J•a NAJ..•••a "'O l!' I.Q I .... .... ©~ ~ ~ , .. 01£~0 tcUlll uunot'S !UP U 21s PO 0) .. ,. ® ~ to• ~"' ,O"-l'.Ut.>""'-11 .. L ~.) ... ~:-... '°"-• •--•R IC.MMAR ....,,o,, 0 ,. z,..c. 1'0111. P'Alll.l l'!M. II" @ INTl ------ .,, V~~ £V -I 14~ ~tn 11 -·': fiir.i -.. ;.~ ~ ltl..lVtl!T'Esr. Q'"'lliYQ',-.'1:'l~ ~ 35 tiV~lllrl• ·:.·--, 181 • "~--_,, ~---~:r:.. .. • r 21~-03 . ~ : r4aoc1 • , • ,J ,...::'-.:;.J CHANGES - -- -.• ··-r -- ---·-t-· - ·· \··· =t= t-r ---,- =1= ♦---f~.J1= '. --I "'f -- -1--~,----1--\-t- SEC 214 • Tt2S-R41 ROS 6587.66141 2 1 -··--. ·----- APPENDIX H WATER PLAN •. W00091D1l/KU.OTA aA_OCIA.....,INC. ·-"- ·······-· I. INTROD UC TION RANCHO CARRILLO -MASTER PLAN FOR PUBLIC WATER SYSTEM July, 1974 Rancho ,Carrillo, a Master-Planned Community, has been proposed for the historic portion of Old Rancho Agua Hedionda located along the easterly sector of the Carl sbad Municipal Water District The developer, Rancho Carrillo Partnership, has guided the project through the various avenues of review and approval has been granted by the City of Carlsbad. With this definite action, it is appropriate to proceed with a specific "Master Plan for the Public Water System ". The property is strategically located so that a relationship to adjoining lands becomes important. The developers have requested that the Carlsbad Municipal Water District proceed with the study and subsequently our Board of Directors have authorized the preparation of this report. We acknowledge the particu l ar contributions and assistance of the Planning Department and Fire Department of the City of Carlsbad and Rick Engineering , the consulting engineer for the developer.· 11. SCOPE ANO PROCESS OF STUDY Th e limits of the study are as shown on the master development plan for the Rancho Carrillo area on the map marked "Exhibit A". The area. in general. are those l ands lying between Palomar Airport Road on the north, Alga Road in the La Co sta area on the southerly boundary, the Bressi Ranch on the we s t, and goes to the east to a point approximately 2400 to 3000 feet easterly of future Melrose Street. The topography of the area is a valley running approximately east and west with high areas along Palomar Airport Road and along the southerly boundary in the La Costa a re a. The hydraulic parameters upon which the study is based are consumption data based on District records and previous studies within the District of 170 gallons of consumption per day per capita. The maximum daily co nsumption per capi ta was taken to be twice the average daily consumption of 170 gallons or 340 gallons per day per capita. A peak hour demand was estimated to be twice the maximum daily consumption or 680 ga ll ons per capita. h-1 V. PRELIMINARY LAYOUT OF THE WATER SYSTEM The next step in the study process was to define the different pressure zones. These zones are as 1.isted in Table II, as attached, and as shown on Exhibit B. Zone III on the north would be served by hydraulic gradient water of 664 and the high ground on the south side of the valley would be served by water from the 670 gradient and would be served from the La Costa area. Zone II would have some flexibility and would be, in general, those areas lower than 400. This zone will become more defined as development takes place. Should residential development take place at elevations less than 220 feet it may be necessary to establish some Zone I areas. The minimum pipeline sizes required for the transmission of water throughout the area are as shown on Exhibit Band consist of a 14 11 main in Melrose from Palomar Airport Road to the intersection of Poinsettia Avenue and a 12 11 line would go south from Poinsettia Drive to Alga Road. A 12 11 main would be required in Poinsettia Drive and a 12" main would also be required in El Fuerte to the District boundary. On the northerly side a 12 11 loop on the north side of Palomar Airport Road t hat would go south across Palomar Airport Road and become a 14 11 and then somewhere between Melrose and the 14 11 would be a 12 11 on the high side of the valley . The sizes of the above and as shown in Exhibit Bare nominal sizes and, in addition, each individual subdivision will h9ve its own distribution system that will be incorporated with these arterial transmission facilities. In addition, the surrounding areas were studied for their effect on this area and alternate sizes, as shown on Exhibit C, would have a potential to service a broader District need to provide the a bi l ity t o tra ns port water to the west and in general increase the District's ove r all sy s tem reliability . It should also be pointed out that the exi s ting 27" main in Palomar Airport Road must be r e located at sometime in the future as Palomar Airport Road is reali gned, both vertical and horizontal adjustments, and the future size of that line will be influenced not only by this area but by development in other areas to the west within the Di s trict boundaries. We anticipat e that the minimum line size within any given subdivi s ion will be 8". The transmission mains as shown in El Fuerte Stree t within the Rancho Carrillo area will be connected to an existing 8" line in the existing El Fuerte Street. This existing line is owned and operated by the San Marcos County Water District. There will be a normally closed valve at the boundary that will enable the District to, in times of emergency, supply water into the District'? system from the San Marcos system and also we may supply water into the San Marcos system if they should have such an emergency. This proposal also h-3 ••o••••"• TABLE I REQUIRED WATER DEMANDS DENSITY TOTAL MAXIMUM DAY FIRE PEAK ~REA UNIT/ACRE UNITS CONSUMPTION FLOW HOUR GPM GPM GPM a 7.6 1080 893 3000 1786 b 9.9 660 546 3000 1092 ,. 2.0 172 143 1500 286 5.6 618 511 1500 1022 & f 5.0 1025 84 7 1500 1694 8.5 1028 850 1500 1700 h-1 Commercial 15 acres 90 3000 180 -2 Commercial 5 acres 30 3000 60 -3 Commercial 1 0 acres 60 3000 120 -1 School 1 0 acres 30 2500 200 -2 School 10 acres 30 2500 200 Recreation Commercia l 15 acres 146 3000 292 Park-Historical Site 20 acres 120 2500 240 h -5 APPENDIX I PHOTOGRAPHS II DAON SOUTHWEST A DIVISION O F DAON CORPORATION ID;:bruary 14, 1980 4041 MacARTHUR BLVD., 3RD FLOOR, P.O. BOX 2770, NEWPORT BEACH, CALIFORNIA. 92660 TRANSMITTAL -LAND DIVISION TO: LARRY SEEMAN ASSOCIATES ATTENTION: I ..... ____________ __ . Annette Sanchez 500 Newport Center Drive, Suite 52 SENT BY: ~ MESSENGER D MAIL D UNITED PARCEL D EXPRESS Newport Beach, CA 92660 RE: Carrill o Ranch Envir onmental Information WE ARE SENDING YOU: D HEREWITH D UNDER SEPARATE COVER □ PRINTS OF D TENTATIVE OR FINAL MAP D WA TEA PLANS D SURVEY PLAT D BONDS □TRACT MAP D STORM DRAIN PLANS D FLOOR PLANS □PURCHASE ORDER# __ □ ORIGINALS OF D GRADING PLANS D UTILITY PLANS D ECONOMIC STUDIES D ESCROW INSTRUCTIONS D STREET PLANS D LANDSCAPE PLANS D MARKET RESEARCH D OTHER D COPIES OF D SEWER PLANS D TOPOGRAPHIC MAP D LOAN PACKAGE D FOR YOUR EXECUTION THE ABOVE IS:□ PER YOUR REQUEST D FOR YOUR APPROVAL D PLEASE FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS OF ENCLOSURE D FOR YOUR INFORMATION AND FILES D RETURN TO US WHEN COMPLETED REMARKS: __ E_n_c_l_o_s_e_d_.p_l_e_a_s_e_f_1_· n_d_t_h_e __ 11P_r--e_l_1_· m_i_n_a __ r""'y.__E ______ n_v_i_r __ o--n"""m~e...;c;n--t--a"'"l~"'"'I ...;c;n--f--o--r""'m=.;.;a...at"""i--o--n"'--__ on R a ncho Carrillo" report . The a erial photos y ou r equested are being processed and will be forwa rde d to you as soon as I receive "'- them. BY Jerry A. Gahan Assistant P roject Manager I ACKNOWLEDGE I DATE FORM NO 0170 (10/79)