HomeMy WebLinkAboutEIR 80-07; DAON CORPORATION RANCHO CARRILLO; DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT; 1981-04-030
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□ 500 newport center drive, suite 525
newport beach, california 92660
phone (714) 640-6363
□ 2927 newbury street, suite c
berkeley, california 94703
phone (415) 841-6840
LARRY SEEMAN ASSOCIATES, INC.
DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT
RANCHO CARRILLO PLANNED COMMUNITY
PREPARED FOR
THE CITY OF CARLSBAD
PREPARED BY
LARRY SEEMAN ASSOCIATES, INC.
500 NEWPORT CENTER DRIVE, SUITE 525
NEWPORT BEACH, CA 92660
(714) 640-6363
APRIL 3, 1981
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING, IMPACTS, AND MITIGATION MEASURES
Earth Resources
Water Resources
Biotic Resources Cultural Resources
Paleontological Resources
Land Use
Visual and Aesthetic Aspects
Traffic
Air Quality
Energy
Noise
Colllllunity Services and Public Utilities
Agricultural Resources
ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT
SUMMARY OF ANY SIGNIFICANT UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE IMPACTS
WHICH CANNOT BE AVOIDED IF THE PROPOSAL IS IMPLE~ENTED ,,;.7·---.• ·-:-,·-•:. __ ..;_
GROWTH,imbd~ING IMPACTS·· • •
-.. SIGNIFICANT IRREVERSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES WHICH WOULD
BE INVOLV°E_D IN THE PROPOSED ACTION SHOULD IT BE IMPLEMENTED
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL SHORT-TERM USES OF MAN·' S ENVIRONMENT
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1
2
11
11
23
27
32
34
36
. 40
41
59
67
68
82
89
100
103
104
105
AND THE MAINTENANCE .AND ENHANCEMENT OF LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY 106
PREPARERS AND CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT
PERSONS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONSULTED
REFERENCES
REFERENCED MATERIALS ON FILE WITH THE CITY OF CARLSBAD
107
108
112
115
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APPENDICES
Appendix A -Hydrology Study
Appendix B -Biological Study
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Appendix C -Cultural Resources Studies
Appendix D -Paleontological Study
Appendix E -Traffic Study
Appendix F -Traffic Comments
Appendix G -Air Quality Analysis
Appendix H -Energy Study
Appendix I -Noise Study, Bioacoustical Engineering Corp., 1980
Appendix J -Noise Study, Vincent Mestre Associates, 1981
Appendix K -Correspondence
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LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
FIGURES
Figure 1 -Regional Location Map
Figure 2 -Vicinity Map
Figure 3 -Proposed Master Plan
Figure 4 -Existing General Plan and General Plan Jlmendment
Figure 5 -Phasing
Figure 6 -Geology Map
Figure 7 -So i1 s. Map
Figure 8 -Conceptual Grading Plan
Figure 9 -Biotic Resources
Figure 10 -Areas of Preserved Natural Vegetation
Figure 11 -Proposed Circulation System
Figure 12 -Directional Distribution
Figure 13 -Existing and Project Daily Traffic
Figure 14 -Existing, Project, and Related Project Daily Traffic
Figure 15 -Palomar Airport Flight Paths
Figure 16 -Roadway Segment Location
Figure 17 -Ultimate Noise Exposure
TABLES
Table A -Master Plan Statistical Surnnary
Table B -General Plan Land Use Comparison
Table C -Soils Characteristics
Tablero,-:-.;.,Estimated. Site.-Seismicity for Major Faults
Table E .-Trip Generation Rates
Table F -Project Trip Generation
Tafrle G" -Daily Volume/Capacity Comparisons
Table ·H -ICU Sunmary
Table I ---°Carlsbad Area Air Quality Surrmary
Table J -Rancho Carrillo Vehicular Emissions
Table K -Rancho Carrillo Vehicular Basin Burden Analysis
Table L -Rancho Carrillo Stationary Source Emissions
Table M -Current Aircraft-Related Weekday and Weekend
CNEL Exposures
Table N -Future Aircraft Weekday and Weekend CNEL Exposures
Table.a -Future Roadway Parameter Values
Table P •-Future Roadway Noise Levels 100 Feet from Centerline
Table Q -Factors Determining Agricultural Viability
Table R -Crop Suitability of Soils
Table S -Net Farm Revenue (Northern Parcel)
Table T -Annual and Cumulative Net Farm Income (Northern Parcel)
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5
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12
15
19
28
31
42
47
48
49
70
77
81
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44
45
51
53
61
62
63
66
72
75 76
78
90
94
96
97
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GENERAL SUMMARY OF IMPACTS ANO MITIGA1ION MEASURES
Potential Adverse Impacts Mitigation Measures .·,
EARTH RESOURCES (Pages 11-23)
'-~ass -gradin!r will --stgnifit'antly:----S1gnificant cut and fill (30 feet
impact -·the onsite topograp~y ~.Y' • ~r-'greater in depth); will be con-
permanently altering the existing;• , fined to limited areas. All grad-
l and form. • .. • • ing will be in full conformance
i wlth City ordinances and will
reflect the recommendations of all
geotechnical studies. ,·.
Landslides onsite • pose signifi, .
cant safety hazards to develop..: , •
ment.
Alluvial deposits require com-
paction and soils onsite are con-
sidered expansiv'e. These may
pose developmental safety haz-
ards.
Identified slide areas and areas
of potential slides will be
precisely delineated and analyzed.
Appropriate stabilization proce-
dures such as burial. excavation.
buttressing. or shear key support
will be incorporated into project
design and grading plans to the
satisfaction of the City Engineer.
The depths and natures of alluvium
and colluvium will be more precise-
ly determined. All onsite soils
will be further analyzed to deter-
mine· the precise level of expan-
siveness, erodibility, and other
soil characteristics. Based on
this, appropriate engineering pro-
cedures (i.e .• recornpaction, remov-
al, etc.) will be incorporated into
the project design to the sat i sf ac-
t ion of the City Engineer.
Level of Significance
After Mitigation
PartJ ~J_Jy _ mit i_gated. but none the less a
1 __ s1gnHicant adve~se -foipacL
Mitigated to an insignificant level.
Mitigated to an insignificant level.
<
0. 0 0 0
Potential Adverse Impacts
Allu~ial groundwater pose, a
potential hazard to slop~,:> and:
l>uttress stability. . '··i
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Mitigation Measures
EARTH RESOURCES (CONTINUED)
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The. installation of subdrains in'
. fill canyons and in stabilization
. structures will be further cons id-
.. ered and incorporated into the
project design as necessary .
. ,. Regional faulting presents a·;. All: structures will conform to the
potential hazard of groundshaking Uniform Building Code and all
during seismic activity, identi-, . applicable building and safety code
cal to that for the surrounding.·· .. requirements.
area.
Urban poll utan ts in runoff wi 11
incrementally degrade local water
qualit'y. This_ will contribute
incrementally to the cumulative
adverse impact associated with
increased urban development in
the region.
Onsite grading will
potential for erosion
increase sedimentation
stream waters.
create a
and may
in down-
Onsite impervious surfaces and
divers ion of ephemeral streams
will alter the existing drainage.
pattern.
WATER RESOURCES (PAGES 23-27)
Weekly streetsweeping
implemented on internal
will be
roadways.
A complete erosion control program
will be approved by the City, and
implemented during grading and
between grading phases. •
The developer will provide a drain-
age control sys tern designed to
ensure that IO-year flow rates
after development do not exceed
existing IO-year peak flow rates.
-----------------0 0
Level of Significance
After Mitigation
0
Mitigated to an insignificant level.
Mitigated to an insignificant level.
Part-iall-y __ 0mifig-afed~ -b·ur-·strll · a
curii~Xaf.ively .significant-impact.
Mitigated-to an insignificant level.
Mitigated to an insignificant level.
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Potential Adverse Impacts
0 _o 0
Mitigation Measures
WATER RESOURCES (CONTINUED)
• o'etent ion bas ins will be designed
to pass runoff safely from a 100-
. year storm.
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BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES (PAGES 27-32)
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Development of the site as pro-.' 'Natural vegetation w,thin the
posed will strip the site of areas designated as "natural ter-
nearly all existing vegetation.,,· rain" in the conceptual grading
Diversion of ephemeral streams·· • plan will be preserved.· Landscap-
will eliminate remaining riparian: ing around the detention basins
habitat. Wildlife species will • will be native vegetation. The
all but be eliminated onsite. • developer will explore the feasi-
Offs ite wildlife will be • indi-bil ity of incorporating natural
rectly affected by the intrusion· drainage swales into the drainage
of urban uses on adjacent par-control plan, to be preserved as
eels. upgraded riparian habitat. The
project applicants will incorporate
all permit conditions formulated
pursuant to the Department of Fish
and Game's 1603 permit authority.
Development of Rancho Carrillo
will destroy all or most of the
archaeological sites within the
project area.
CULTURAL RESOURCES (PAGES 32-34)
A qualified archaeologist will
investigate significant archaeolog-
ical sites to determine appropriate
salvage procedures. Shell scatters
will be surface-collected and anal-
yzed. Carrillo Ranch will be pre-
served as part of an 20-acre City
park. The historic cross will be
moved to within the City park.
0 0
Level of Significance
~fter Mitigation
0
(Par-tfaH:V~_1!11Tfgafed :--but: "itJJLi --s'(g:.
:~nj_{iC~_!l_t__jijy~_rs_e impact.
-Mitigated to an insignificant level.
0
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Potential Adverse Impacts Mitigation Measures
PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES (PAGES 34-35)
Level of Significance
After Mitigation
Underlying formations onsite :~ave · A:;; certified paleontologist will
the potential for beari_ng signif-s~rvey the project area and will be
icant fossils. Grading anct ,con-•·.: ·present during grading of sensitive
structfon "°uld destroy or C,over •'.· ·:a.r:~as. The paleontologist will be
over these areas. ' • present at all pregrade meetings,
.. . an.~ has the authority to halt or
• · . •,direct operations for, expeditious
•. ·:.fossil salvage. • •
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Residential land uses may con-
flict with bordering agricultural
activities.
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LAND USE (PAGES 36-40)
When the two land uses are deter-
mined to conflict, a 6-foot block
wall will be constructed; if aerial
spraying is conducted .offsite, the
developer will provide a 150-foot
buffer zone separating the· land
uses.
Mitigated to an insignificant level.
Mitigated to an insignificant level.
VISUAL AND AESTHETIC ASPECTS (PAGES 40-41)
Development would irrevocably
change the site's appearance and
aesthetic character.
Greenbelts, open spaces, and natu-
ral terrain areas will be included
in the design of the project and
will preserve some of the original
features of the site.
/PartTalli mitigated, but sJ]_lL__a_ sig-
!oJf.icant _impact. -----
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Potential Adverse Impacts Mitigation Measures
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1RAFFIC AND CIRCULATION (PAGES 41-59)
At completion, the project .~i.11 . Se~ Mitigation Measures 23-30 on
generate an estimated 53;840. • .. Pages 57-59.
daily trips. This traffic, <Jlong::. 1)·
with existing traffic and traffic;:;• ,J1:,:
generated from neighboring and '. _: • ;: (,:
regional __ deve.lopments-,---wi-l-1-.' , I"::.'·.
result 'in sev_er_e= congesttoti "at •·.: i:t.
lthe -Pa fomar _)\i_rpo_r:_f~lload/Me-lrose ·.;' ,... :'..-
·Avenue_ intersect-ion.-· • ',; , .;: ---,• ·'' ·•, I !· • I
Proposed intersection spacni
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along Melrose Avenue does
conform to City standards.
At completion, Rancho Carrillo
will contribute an estimated
0.54-0.70% of the entire San
Diego Air Basin's burden of major
vehicular pollutants.
Dust emissions during construc-
t ion will temporarily and locally
degrade air quality.
Increased stationary source enlis-
s ions will result from the proj-
ect's consumption of energy.
AIR QUALITY (PAGES 59-66)
Alternate transportation modes
will be encouraged by inclusion of
bus facilities, public bikeways,
and walkways in the project design.
, Diverse land uses within the commu-
nity will promote intra-convnunity
travel.
The grading contractor will imple-
ment dust suppression measures dur-
ing grading operations.
Design features to reduce energy
consumption will be incorporated
into community designs.
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0 0
Level of Significance
After Mitigation
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.--ParfTalT i~m-i t}_g_ati~-,-~ huL _s b 11 ~-;i gn:i f-
-~:_!_c_~~t.~ __ .-
PartLa_ll_y __ !fli_tj_gated, but: sdTCa,:cumu--
·Ta-t i_ve l-Y -Si gni.flc-ar,t _.-impact. -'/
Mitigated to an insignificant level.
]ar_Ua LlJ<--mH.i gated_, ___ buLsU.l l a ·~l)rtlu.L
--1 at ive l-y-sign if ic an t---impact:
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O· 0 0 0 .o .o 0 0
Level of Significance
Potential Adverse Impacts Mitigation Measures After Mitigation --'--......,...--------"-------------------__,._ ______ _
Project development will result
in increasing consumption·· of.
electricity, natural gas. and·
automotive fuels.
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Adj ac en t to ex is Ung homes, there • :
wi 11 be an expected increase in
road-related noise levels of 8.9
dB CNEL along El Fuerte Street
and 7 .9 dB CNEL along Alga Road
west of El Fuerte. This is a
c umu l ati ve impact of this and
other projects.
Future noise levels wi 11 al so
increase as much as 22 dBA along
future roadways which do not yet
exist.
ENERGY (PAGES 67-68)
Energy conservation features will
be incorporated into project
design, and reviewed at the time of
tentative map submittal.
NOISE (PAGES-68-82)
Pr.ior to submittal of the tentative
maps, a detailed acoustical analy-
sis and noise control program will
be completed and reviewed by the
City.
See Pages 80 and 82 for additional
mitigation.
Par_qally m_it_igated, hut still a.-etJ111u..;"
!J_~(i_yeJy _slgn.i ficant impact.
Mitigated to an insignificant level.
COMMUNITY SERVICES AND PUBLIC IJTILITIES (PAGES 82-89)
An additional fire station and
nine personnel wi 11 be required
to serve the new corm1un i ty with
fire protection at ultimate
huildout.
The fire station proposed in the
Fire Department I s Master Pl an for
the area of Alga Road and El Fuerte
Street will be operational to meet
the needs of Rancho Carrillo resi-
dents no later than at the time of
occupancy of at least 1,000 dwell-
ing units.
Mitigated to an insignificant level.
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X
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Potential Adverse Impacts Mitigation Measures
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.0 .. 0 .. 0
Level of Significance
After Mitigation
0 0
COMMUNJTY SERVICES AND PUBLIC UTILITIES (CONTINUED)
The Carlsbad Pol ice Department
will require 14 additional offi-
cers to serve the project ar~~-
Rane ho Carri l lo will consume an
estimated 1.5 to 1.8 million gal-
lons per day of water at project
bui ldout.
Rancho Carril lo will generate a
total wastewater flow of . 76.. mgd
per day at buildout. This is not
considered a significant impact.
Residential sol id waste products
will range from 18,700 to 23,400
pounds per day. This is not
believed to he an adverse impact.
cd11merc i al and industrial areas of
the site will employ internal
security systems and guards to
d~ter burglary • and vandalism~
Design features will be incorporat-
ed that will aid pol icing activi-
t i,es .
Mitigated to an insignificant level.
. The Clty and the Costa Real Water~ Not a significant impact.
District will review the Rancho
Carrillo Master Plan for Public
Water Systems to determine its ade-
quacy to the proposed Rancho Car-
ri 11 o Master Plan: The planned
community's non-potable water needs
will be defined. Fire flow demands
will be re-evaluated. Landscaping
in public and private areas will
emphasize plants with low water
consumption. Public and private
water facilities will use low water
consumption features.
The City will review the proposed
sewer system for its adequacy.
No mitigation measures are propos-
ed.
Not a si gni fie ant impact.
Not a significant impact.
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0 0 0 -0
Potential Adverse Impacts
.0
Mitigation Measures
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Level of Significance
After Mitigation
COMMUNITY SERVICES AND PUBLIC UTILITIES (CONTINUED)
At buildout, Rancho Carrillo.will
generate approximately 780 to 83
school-aged children.
The developer will consult with
both the San Marcos and Carlsbad
School . Districts to determine the
:111ost feasible boundary. With
. . : approval of the Master Pl an, the
' . districts will assess the specific
impacts and, with the developer,
formulate appropriate mitigation
measures.
The project would result in the
loss of approximately 178 acres
of agriculturally viable land.
This would effectively eliminate
the ability to use the land for
agricultural purposes. This con-
version, in concert with the
increased regional loss of agri-
cultural lands, represents a
regionally significant cumulative
impact.
AGRICULTURE (PAGES 89-99)
The City will consider requiring
that the developers offer short-
term leases of agriculturally via-
ble parcels onsite, to the extent
feasible, until such time as they
are to be developed in phase.
Mitigated to an insignificant level.
Si gni fie ant -cumulative _impact:
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INTRODUCTION
In 1972, the City of Carlsbad changed the zoning designation of Carrillo
Ranch from single-family residential (R-1) to planned community (PC). Also in
1972, the City adopted a Planned Community Master Plan for Rancho Carrillo.
The 100-acre Carrillo Estates, a portion·of Rancho Carrillo, was develop-
ed in 1976 under the adopted Master Plan. An environmental impact report was
prepared for the 100-acre development in 1975 and is on file with the City of
Carlsbad. •
Si nee these acti ans, a revised Rancho Carri 11 o Master Pl an has been pre-
pared for the project app 1 i cants by The Planning Center of Newport Beach for
approval by the City of Carlsbad. The present environmental document analyzes
the impacts of discretionary actions to be performed by the City of Carlsbad
in association with adoption and implementation of the revised Master Plan.
Foremost among these actions are:
1. Amendment to the City of Carlsbad's General Plan in accord-
ance with the revised Rancho Carrillo Master Plan.
2. Adoption of the revised Rancho Carrillo Master Plan.
This Environmental Impact Report has been prepared in accordance with the
California Environmental Quality Act of 1970, as amended (Public Resources
Code, Section 21000 et seq.), the State Guidelines for Implementation of the
California Environmental--Qua.lity Act of 1970, as amended (California Adminis-
trative Code, Sectfori 15000 et seq.), and the Environmental Protection Proce-
dures for Implementation of the California Env.ironmental Quality Act adopted
by the City of Car-lsbad (Title 19, Carlsbad Municipal Code).
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.PROJECT DESCRIPTION
PROJECT LOCATION AND BOUNDARIES
The Rancho Carrillo project area consists of 846 acres located 5.5 miles
inland from the Pacific Ocean in the City of Carlsbad in the County of San
Diego. Figures 1 and 2 show the vicinity. The site is bounded on the north
by the Carlsbad Raceway, on the east by the City of San Marcos, on the south
by the planned community of La Costa, and on the west by unincorporated San
Diego County.
PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS
Master Plan. Figure 3 illustrates the proposed Master Plan. The plan-
ned community will include primarily residential land use of various densities
south of Pa 1 omar Airport Road, and commerci a 1 and i ndustri a 1 1 and uses north
of Palomar Airport Road. Table A_ gives a detailed statistical surrimary for the
proposed planning areas.
The Master Plan would allow 2,998 dwelling units at densities ranging
from 2.27 to 9.85 dwelling units per gross acre. It would also allow 124
additional dwelling units if the proposed school •site was not needed by the
school district and thereby reverted to residential use. There would be 41.1
acres of industrial dev~lopment and 35.1 acres of retail services.
The Master Plan also includes approximately 166 acres in community open
space, public parks, .and commerc'ial recreation. The plan proposes an internal
circulation system· within· the community, including primary and secondary
streets, bike paths, and pedestrian trails.
General Plan. Amendment. The project applicants have requested that
the City of Carlsbad consider an amendment to the City of Carlsbad's General
Plan in support ·of the proposed revised Rancho Carrillo Master Plan. Figure 4
illustrates the existing General Plan and the proposed General Plan amendment
for the subject property. Table B provides a statistical comparison of the
proposed Genera 1 Pl an amendment ·,o1i th the existing Genera 1 Pl an.
The proposed Genera 1 Pl an amendment wou 1 d a 11 ow for 485. 6 acres of res i -
dential development, which is 56.3 acres more than designated by the existing
General Plan. However, it provides for overall lower densities \'lith a maximum
of 3,750 .dwelling units compared to the presently allowed 3,886 dwelling
units. The proposed amendment would provide only low/medium and medium-den-
sity residential development, deleting the 74.1 acres of medium/high-density
residential development currently allowed.
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The proposed amendment would slightly decreasethe amount of acreage des-
ignated as neighborhood and travel services commercial, but would designate an
area for community commercial facilities which is not currently provided for
in the existing General Plan.
The area referred to as a special treatment area would be clarified under
the designations of planned industrial and community commercial. The recrea-
tion commercial area would be decreased in size by 14.2 acres.
The two elementary school sites together, totaling about 18.7 acres in
size, would be reduced to one centrally located elementary school site total-
ing 14.6 acres. Areas designated as open space would be reduced from 189.3
acres to 159.4 acres. Designated open space areas, as proposed, would cover
21% of the site.
The section of Me 1 rose Avenue north of Pa 1 omar Airport Road would be
realigned along a slightly more northerly course, as opposed to its presently
adopted northwesterly alignment. This may require an amendment to the Circu-
lation Element.
Also, the existing Parks and _Recreation Element map indicates a 7-acre
park site at the southwest corner of Melrose Avenue and Carrillo Way. The
proposed amendment would move the site to just east of the Carrillo Ranch His-
toric Park site and would increase the acreage to 8.2 acres.
Finally, -as illustrated in Figure 4, the amendment would require the
minor moc;iification of _land use boundaries throughout. the site.
Development 'Phasing.· •• Figure 5 identifies six phases which will be
developed individually. Completion of each phase is contingent upon comple-
tion of the necessary internal circulation components and placement of sani-
tary sewer, water, and storm drain facilities. Placement of these utilities,
as well as grading, may or may not be sequential.
• ADDITIONAL DISCRETIONARY AND.DEVELOPMENTAL APPROVALS
Addi ti anal discretionary approvals associated with the development
include City approval of specific site plans and subdivision map(s), and issu-
ance of the grading permit. The California Department of Fish and Game also
has 1603 permitting authority on actions resulting in the alteration of
streambeds.
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Regional Location Map
... .. :., .... ... '•:, . . ·•:: .. :·_::.; ..
Oceans:iJt ... -.: .. .... . . . ~ . . ·•:·. t •••
Carls6~: .. •• _:_-=~:
..... :,,,, -..::it:;'"-.. ·: : .
4
• . ·.:-; ::
e I:,• S12 :i'
. ·-. : .. •::-.
Encinit~~:·, ... :: .... ... . . . ... ·•·.·.· .... . .·:
. _. .=rt --
•. • )\
::••.\c' ~, ,;{f;_Del· -~!~ 0"'
-. .. ~ ._ .. -~ ::
• :--.-·_ :-. ·.:._-~"':.-->-• • -~-: ·:·~-. ,:·.-·.:.:.~·-.-_ •• -. • ;. :: ::·~ ··-:-.
---.; ~-=--· •• . -"':·.:: __ ."-:-··
. ·: . --.: . . .. . .. .... . ·.::_ . . . . . . .. ~: ... : :;: ... • ... · . . .
. ··.·---=---: .,. • ••
La Jo·li~;
. ·-·· ..
Project Site
...
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9 mile ~
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Vicinity Map
Oceanside
•·. . ••.•.•·• ·•·. -. :-.. -· .. .... . .... . · .. • , .. . . ·.-~. --..
londa
oon
. ~ . -.
: .::~~ ·_-:..··.F:_:··-: .-_ .. __ ~-=-.
. • ·····:·:··:.;· •. ,
5
Vista
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San ' Marcos
San
Marcos
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no scale
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Proposed Master Plan
LEGEND
D . . .
I • I • I • I •· I • I
Residential
Recreation1 Commercia
Commercial
Industrial
Public
A
N.A.P. I • I •· . .
'-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-··
Source: The Planning Center
NOTE: Refer to table A for
Land use statistics.
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ffi]
0 200 500 '00J -
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TABLE A 7
MASTER PLAN STATISTICAL SUMMARY
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Total Number of
Planning Areas Gross Residential Units Gross
(Refer to Figure 3). Acres A 11 owed bl'. Area DU/AC
0 Residential
B 50 .8 148 2.91
C 74.5 255 3.42
D 32.0 221 6.90
J 53.8 530 9.85
K 43.5 99 2.27
0 L 70.3 198 2.81
M 99.7 700 7.00
N 15.3 50 3.26
0 87.5 332 3.80
p 30.3 240 7.90
Q 17.0 92 5.40
0 s 52.1 133 2.55 :
Recreation Commercial
E 6.5
G 4.0
0 Commercial
R 5.3 u 8.9
V 20.9
Industrial
T .--41.1 0
Public
F 14.0 . H 8.2
Not a Part Areas
0 A 100.0
I 10.5
TOTALS 846.3 2,9981 --
0 lThis figure could increase by as much as 124 units if Planning Area F were
to revert to residential use in the event the school site was not used.
d
D
Existing Ge neral
.._.......,, Dwallyl<M••I -Oenlity{4•10Gl/acl
Median Hll.lh Denolty(10-20dulac)
Nei;hbol._ Conwnerclal
,.,_ s.rw: .. Comnwclal
llacnatlaft c:on-rc:ial
a..-1..., Sdlool
Plan & Original G -eneral endment
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TABLE B
GENERAL PLAN LAND USE COMPARISON
Land Use
Low/medium-density (0-4 du/ac.)
Medium-density (4-10 du/ac.)
Medium/high-density (10-20 du/ac.)
Neighborhood comercial
Community commercial
Travel services commercial
Recreation commercial
Special treatmentl
Planned industrial
School
Open space
Total
Maximum allowable dwelling units
lNo land use desi~nati~n·proposed.
2Totals subject to rounding errors.
9
lsa
Existing Proposed
General Plan General Plan
191.3 acres 184.2 acres
163.9 acres 301.4 acres
74.1 acres
12.3 acres 5.3 acres
20.9 acres
20.8 acres 8.9 acres
24.7 acres 10.5 acres
51.4 acres
41.4 acres
18.7 acres 14.6 acres
189.3 acres 159.4 acres
746.5 acres 2 746.6 acres2
3,886.2 3,750.8
0
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Phasing
LEGEND
D .
filillfil
E] . . .
□ I .
• I • I • I •
Blue Phase
Brown Phase
Green Phase
Orange Phase
Purple Phase
Red Phase
N.A.P •
10
lsa
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1: . •• ·············: ···········1 . ······••••• ............ . I·. . ........... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................... . . . .............................. •· ...
I . . . . ............................... . • . 263 ·du· ............... · · · · ....... · · · · · · · . . . . . . . ............................... .. . . ............................... · 1
o I I I I I I I I ■ I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I•. . . ................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·-...................................
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I·. . ..................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................ •
• I • I EB]
• ··-·-·-·-·-·-·-·-0 200' --ooo··
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EARTH RESOURCES
11
ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING, IMPACTS, AND MITIGATION MEASURES
lsa
Soils engineering and geologic studies for Rancho Carrillo have been com-
pleted for the project applicants by GeoSoil s, Inc. Five reports were prepar-
ed in August 1979 and April 1980 for the five separately owned parcels com-
prising Rancho Carrillo. A sixth report conducted in September 1980 examined
in further detail the seismicity of the central portion of the site. In addi-
tion to their own reconnaissance, the GeoSoil s reports incorporate pertinent
informftion obtained by other geologic firms which conducted previous explora-
tions. Multiple copies of all six reports are on file with the City of
Carlsbad Planning Department. The following pages provide a summary.
Setting.
To~ography. Figure 6 illustrates site topography and geologic
features. T e area north of Palomar Airport Road is gently sloping, divided
rough 1 y in half by a sma 11 canyon trending east and west. Slopes on either
side of the canyon range from 5 to 13%. Steeper topography characterizes the
area south of Palomar Airport Road. Slopes range from 9 to 30%. Only about
one-quarter of the site has a slope less than 9%, with a very small portion
having a slope less than 2%. Maximum relief over the site ranges from approx-
imately 550 feet at the southeastern boundary to 150 feet in the southwestern
portion (Figure 6)~
Geolo~/Soils.· Most of the site is underlain by claystones and
sandstones of te Del Mar Formation. Beneath the Del Mar Formation lies the
Lusardi Formation, a thick conglomerate of cobbles and boulders in a clayey
sandstone and sandy mudstone matrix. Some granitic rock, representing the
Southern California bathol ith, occurs onsite. Limited exposures of Santi ago
Peak volcanics occur in the southwestern section of the site. The volcanics
are of an andesi te composition and are very hard and highly fractured. The
volcanic soils are rocky.
Topsoils overlying the bedrock consist primarily of dark brown silty
clays. Depth ranges from two to four feet. In the central, eastern, and
lPrevious geologic studies are: (a) S.C.T. Laboratory, Inc., 3/74, north-
western portion of site; (,b) S.G.T. Consultants, 1/77, north-central section;
and (c) Shepardson Engineering Associates, Inc., 1/79, central, eastern, and
southern sections .
•
• •
6
Geology Map
Legend
Qal Quate Qls Quat mary Alluvium
Jap Ju:ary Landslide
'-Peak ~ S~iago Kgr olcanlCS KL Cretaceous Grant'·.
Tdc ~:~t•ous Lusar~I ~~
Tds Tert·ary Claystone
Td ,ary Delmar S c-s Tertiary andston
S Delmar andstone & Clay Approx. Linit stone s of Lands
Approx , i-· Ide · ...... its of A., __ • l'UIUYaJffl
12
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---------------------
13
lsa
southern portions of the site, a topsoil mantle exists, comprised mainly of
Lusardi Formation conglomerates. Thick accumulations of topsoil occur along
the back of landslides in the site's central, eastern, and southern portions.
Topsoils in general are dry to moist and vary from sands to clays, with expan-
sive characteristics varying from non-expansive to highly expansive. In some
cases, materials are considered critically expansive.
Alluvial deposits occur within the canyons, gullies·, and on some of the
lower side slopes. The soils vary from clays to sands and are poorly consoli-
dated. These deposits are expected to range from 5 to 35 feet in depth, with
deposits of 20 feet and more occurring in the larger canyons. The a 11 uv tum
found in the major canyon located in the central portion of the site is wet
and soft, and settlement is anticipated if loaded. Colluvium is expected to
occur along the gullies and canyon side slopes beyond the deposits mapped as
a-lluvium. The colluvium may vary in thickness from three to ten feet.
Artificial fill exists at the former dam site, at an earthen berm, along
a trunk sewer line, and along the access roads. The dam site and sewer line
are in the central section of the site, and the earthen berm is in the south-
west corner. Access roads occur north of Palomar Airport Raad and within the
central section leading to the Carrillo Ranch facilities. The fill deposit
associated with the trunk .sewer line is roughly ten feet thick and appears
moderately compacted. Thickness of the other deposits is not known. Fill
materials appear to be locally derived, comprised of a mixture of sands and
clays. •
Table C lists the characteristic_s of onsite soils pertainfog to erodibil-
ity, permeability,· and shrink/swell behavior. Figure 7 illustrates the
approximate location of these soils on the subject property. Many of the
sails are highly erodible and exhibit high shrink/swell behavior.
The agricultural sui.tpj)ility of onsite soils is discussed in detail in
the ~Agricultural Resources~ section of this report.
Landslides. As Figure 6 illustrates, numerous landslides exist
throughout the site. The landslides occur mainly along the north-facing
slope·s and side slo'pes of the large central canyon, and along the northern
boundary of the site. The cause of lands 1 id i ng is prob ab 1 y a combi natfon of
factors including adverse bedding conditions resulting from the regionaJ syn-
clinal structure and excessive moisture conditions. Deterioration and soften-
ing of clay materials, seepage forces, oversteepening of canyon s~dewalls, and
possible seismic events may also combine to undermine slope stability.
0
0
TABLE C 14
SOILS CHARACTERISTICS
lsa
0
Shri nk/Swe 11
Soil T:tee Erodi bil i t:t Permeabilit:t Cha racteri st i cs
AtC -Altamont clay Slight to Slight High
0 5-9% slopes moderate
AtD -Altamont clay Slight Slight High
9-15% slopes
AtE -A 1 tamont clay Moderate Slight High
0 15-30% slopes
AtE2 -A 1 tamont clay • Moderate Slight High
15-30% slopes, eroded
Ga£ -Gaviota fine sandy loam Severe Severe Low
9-30% slopes
0~ GaF -Gaviota fine sandy loam Severe Severe Low
30-50%slopes
HrC -Huerhuero loam Severe Moderate High
2-9% slopes
0 HrE2 -Huerhuero loam Severe Moderate High
15-30% slopes, eroded
LeC -Las FloreSe--Toamy. fine sand Severe Severe High.
2-9% slopes
0 LeE -Las-FT ores 1 oamy fine sand Severe Severe High
15-30% slopes
LeE3 -Las Flores loamy fine sand Severe Severe High
15-30% slopes, eroded
' I ,o LrE -Las Posas stony fine sandy Moderate Slight High ! loam, 9-30% slopes
LsE -Li nn e c 1 ay 1 o_am Moderate Slight Moderate
9-30% slopes
io
I Rm -Riverwash Severe Low
ScA -Sa 1 i nas c 1 ay Slight Slight Moderate
0-2% slope
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7
Soils Map
NOTE: Refer to Table C
for description of soi 1 s.
• HrE2
AtC
15
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AtC
HrC
*Unclassified soils
Source: U.S. Soil Conservation Service.
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The main slide area in the large central canyon does not occur as one
single 1 arge mass, but as a complex assemb 1 age of superimposed s 1 i de masses.
These probably occurred as regressive landslides, in which continual headward
. sliding takes place after an initial failure near the canyon bottom, creating
an unstable situation upslope. In many instances, subsequent sliding resulted
in overriding of the lower slides.
Exploratory borings in the central slide area verified slide planes to
range from +20 to +70 feet in depth. The toe of the basal slide extends into
the creek area of-the major canyon and is part i a 11 y buried by more recent
alluvium.
The landsliding has consistently occurred within the clayey portions_ of
the Del Mar Formation (Figure 6). Slide planes observed in borings are gener-
ally soft clay with well-developed polished and striated surfaces. Typically,
the overlying slide mass·is intensely disturbed, while the underlying bedrock
is hard.
Groundwater. Groundwater· exists in the alluvial areas of the major
canyon in the central portion of the site and in alluvium in the so.uthwest
quadrant. Artesian conditions bring water to, or near, the surface in many
cases. Groundwater 1 evel s have been measured at depths of five to 30 feet
below the surface.· However, since these measurements were taken, the dam at
the site I s center has been dismantled. Because the former impoundment is
believed to have fnfluenced groundwater levels, present levels are expected to
be different. Groundwater levels are also expected to fluctuate seasonally.
Perched water oc~urs _1_n some areas of the site.
Seismicity. ···No known active faults occur on the site. A field
reconnaissance suggests that rock formations in the property's northeast quad-
rant are offset along a fault (Figure 5). • This feature, however, should not
be confused with active faulting or a fault 1t1hich could generate an earth-
quake. Rather, it is considered an inactive fault which does not alter devel-
opment feasibility.
Among the regional faults are the Rose Canyon Fault 12 miles from the
site, the Whittier-Elsinore Fault whose closest segment is 23 miles from the
site, and the San Jacinto Fault-45 miles from the site. Additional regional
faults and their distances from the site are given in Table D. Southern Cali-
fornia's major fault system, the San Andreas fault zone, occurs 70 miles from
the site.
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18
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Impacts.
Topography/Grading. Mass grading would cause a significant impact
by altering the existing topography for most of the project site. Figure 8
presents the proposed conceptual grading plan. The plan illustrates those
areas which will experience cut or fill of 30 feet or greater. It also illus-
trates those areas (primarily steep slopes} which will remain totally undis-
turbed by grading and groundcover removal. The remaining areas will experi-
ence grading on a 1 esser magnitude with cut and fi 11 of 1 ess than 30 feet.
Preliminary estimates indicate that grading will require 10 million cubic-......
yards of cut and 10 million cubic yards of fill which will balance onsite.
Additional grading will be performed subsequent to mass grading to create
building pads and on-parcel subgrades.
The grading schedule has not yet been finalized. Grading will probably
not occur-entirely at once; neither will it occur entirely in phase due to the
topographic requirements for onsite borrowing of fill. No significant impacts
are anticipated as a result of the grading schedule.
Grading of the Del Mar Formation··may require difficult ripping through
cemented layers.. The Lusardi Formation may also require difficult ripping.
Oversized rocks from both the Lusardi Formation and the granitic batholith
will require special rock disposal methods and probably blasting. Hard vol-
canics will also need heavy ripping and blasting. Although these features may
pose some design constraints, they are not considered to impose si gni fi cant
impacts on local geologic conditions or the proposed developments.
Geology/Soils.· . Soils from the Del Mar and Lusardi bedrocks are
considered expansive and will require. special treatment. before construction.
Topsoils are also expansive, and will require recompaction in fill areas due
to their. low density. Alluvial deposits are suitable for fill, but must be
recompacted to avoid settlement due to their soft, wet quality. Very 1-1et
alluvium may req·uire special drying before compaction. The alluvium is also
considered expansive. If not properly mitigated, this could cause a severe
constraint to the project and a significant safety hazard where buildings are
proposed on these soils. However, with feasible mitigation, the sites can be
safely developed as proposed, although at possible considerable expense.
Landslides. Without sufficient stabilization measures, the
extent of landsliding present onsite would pose significant safety hazards.
Further analysis is required at later stages of planning to determine the
exact nature of existing landslides, and the specific stabilization methods to
be utilized. However, analyses already conducted indicate that stabilization
of the landslides may be accomplished by a combination of several methods.
•
•
•
'
8
Conceptual Grading
-~ CUT *
lllllll!lllllllllllll ~FLL*
NATURAL TORAIN
19
Plan
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Landslides which are situated within enclosed canyon areas may be ade-
quately stabilized by filling the canyon. Landslides can also be rendered
stable by removing the entire landslide or by partial removal in conjunction
with one of the following methods.
A buttress or earthen-fill retaining wa 11 may be used to prevent further
earth movement. This method calls for removal of the lower portion of the
landslide and construction of a compacted fill slope \'lith a key sl;!ction spe-
cifically designed to resist slide movement.
A shear key can also be used, which is similar to a buttress, except that
removal involves excavating into the landslide mass such that a deep trench is
created. The trench or shear key penetrates the slide plane and subsequent
filling with compacted fill resists movement.
Preliminary analysis by Geosoils, Inc. indicates that most onsite land-
slides will require the use of shear keys and buttresses in conjunction with
excavation for proper stabilization. Other smaller areas can be stabilized by
fill placement or ~otal removal.
Slide materials may have high moisture content and require special treat-
ment prior to compaction.
Because of the site's tendency toward landslides and the generally north-
dipping of bed planes,. most cut slopes will require stabilization. Without
such stabilization, slope failure could occur, creating hazards to develop-
ment.
Groundwater< .-Groundwater in the · alluvium poses a threat to
structural foundations and to slope stability, and will require consideration
of subdrains in fill canyons and in stabilization structures such as buttress-
es and fill slopes.
Seismicity. Seismicity presents no unusual hazard to the site
when compared to the Southern California area as a \-1hole. The fault line in
the property I s northeast quadrant shows no evidence of recent activity. Its
presence, therefore, has no impact on development and poses no si gni fi cant
hazard to future inhabitants. Possible impacts exist from faults on a region-
al scale. Impacts of offsite regional faults are limited to groundshaking
effects rather than onsite ground rupture. The San Jacinto Fault has been
associated with earthquake activity in the Richter magnitude range of 6.2 to
7.1. Estimated parameters of possible impacts from the San Jacinto and other
regional faults are given in Table D. The most consistently active zone and
the largest active fault in California is the San Andreas fault zone. Esti-
0
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mated seismicity of this fault in relation to the site is also given in Table
D. There is no potential for liquefaction due to the cohesive nature of the
soils.
The.. project will have no adverse impacts on unique or noteworthy geologic
features.
Mitiaation Measures. The preliminary evaluation of geologic and
soils con 1t1ons 1nd1cates that there are several geologic features which pose
potential hazards to development on the site. However, utilizing proper geo-
technical design considerations, the site may be safely developed as proposed.
The following mi'tigation measures are included as part of the project or are
otherwise required to offset potential adverse impacts or hazards.
L A 11 recommendat i ans and cone 1 us i ans of the soi 1 s and geo-
1 ogi c reports (on file with the City of Carlsbad) will be
incorporated into the project design. In addition, based
on recommendations from these studies and LSA 's review of
the existing analyses, the following studies will be con-
ducted by'the project applicant and submitted to the City
Engineer for review prior to submittal of the tentative
map. Based on these more detailed studies, appropriate
measures and procedures will be identified and incorporated
into the project design subject to the satisfaction of the
City Engineer. This required analysis will include, at a
minimum, the following study areas.
a. The identified· slide areas and areas of potential
slides will be precisely delineated and analyzed
throughout the property. Based on this i dent i fi -cation and analysis, appropriate stabilization
procedures will be formulated and incorporated
into project design and grading plans.
b. The depths and natures of the identified alluvium
and colluvium deposits will be precisely determin-
ed. The deposits' suitabi 1 ity for devel apment
wi 11 a 1 so be determined. If found to be unsu it-
ab le, appropriate engineering procedures (i.e.,
recompaction, removal, special foundation design,
etc.) will be identified and incorporated into the
project design.
c. The existing moist soils and groundwater condi-
tions in the canyon areas will be more fully
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22
explored to determine the need for subdrains and
similar design features to ensure fi 11 slope sta-
bility and stable ground conditions.
d. Areas requiring fill will be more precisely deter-
mined in conjunction with. the grading plan and
more detailed project des i gn. This study 1'/i 11
include detailed estimates of the amount of fill
required and the percentage of settlement subsi-
dence expected after recompaction.
e. All onsite soils will be further analyzed to
determine their potential constraints on develop-
ment (i.e., expansiveness, erosiveness, etc.).
Based on this analysis, appropriate soils engi-
neering procedures (i.e., recompaction, removal,
selective grading) will be formulated.
f. Other than the lithological offset observed in the
north-central portion of the site,. no onsite sur-
face faulting has been observed during field
reconnaissance or review of aerial photos. How-
ever, to assure the complete absence of signifi-
cant onsite faulting, further review of those
areas outside the area covered by the previous
seismic study (Geosoils, 1980c) should be under-
taken. In addition, all parcels will be scruti-
niz.ed· dur-ing .grading for subsurface faulting by
the City1s construction inspector. If such fault-
ing is evidenced, immediate analysis will be con-
ducted to determine the significance of the fault-
ing and any measures necessary to minimize
hazards.
g. Based on results of the studies relating to land-
slide characteristics, moisture conditions, soil
cha racteri st i cs, and f i 11 requirements , appropri -
ate engineering procedures will be formulated for
stabilization of all cut slopes.
2. A 11 grading ope rat i ans wi 11 be in fu 11 conformance with
City ordinances pertaining to grading. The grading proce-
dures wi 11 be reviewed by the City for conformance with
City ordinances and the recommendations and cone 1 us ions of
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all geotechnical studies submitted at the time of subdivi-
sion map submittal.
3. All structures will conform to the Uniform Building Code
and all applicable building and safety code requirements .
4. Si gni fi cant cut and fi 11 (30 feet or greater in depth) wi 11
be confined to limited areas according to the Rancho Car-
rillo Master Plan's landfonn modification concept to mini-
mize disturbance of steep natural slopes.
lsa
These measures, when implemented, wil_l adequately mitigate the adverse
impacts associated with potential onsite hazards r~lated to slide areas, soils
conditions, cut slope instability, groundwater conditions, local and regional
seismic conditions, and fill requirements. However, these measures will not
completely mitigate .the adverse impact associated with substantial alteration
of existing topography.
WATER RESOURCES
Setting. Rancho Carrillo is located within two drainage systems. The
property north of Palomar Airport Road drains into Agua Hedionda Creek, flow-
ing ultimately into Agua Hedionda Lagoon. The majority of the property is
drained by San Marcos Creek, which drains into Batiquito~ Lagoon.
Surface Water ··gualit~. Agua Hedionda Lagoon is about 230 acres
in area. The lagoon was create in its present state by a major dredging pro-
gram in the· early 1950s ,· and its channel to the ocean is kept open permanent-
ly by periodic maintenance. The lagoon has a number of di verse uses. It
serves as a public recreation area (ffshing, swimming, and limited boating),
as a limited commercial shell fishery, and as a source of industrial cooling
water for the Encino power plant.
Batiquitos Lagoon, located between the City of Carlsbad on the north and
the community of Leucadia on the south, consists of 600 acres of la goon and
salt flats. Eutrophication has been a constant problem in the lagoon, con-
tributing to bottom sludge deposits, odor, and insect problems. Efforts to
restore tidal action by bulldozing at the lagoon mouth have been thwarted by
the height and width of the beach barrier, the cobble bar under the beach, and
the small size of the lagoon's tidal prism. Existing background levels of
pollutants are not knbwn. It is likely that the existing pool of nutrients is
sufficient to sustain eutrophic conditions even if the storm loads were elimi-
nated completely (Daniel et al., 1978).
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The Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) has identified existing
and potential beneficial uses for surface water of each hydrographic subunit.
There are six existing beneficial uses identified for the inland surface
waters of the San Marcos drainage system (Montgomery, 1975). These are: •
1. Agricultural supply, including crop, orchard, and pasture
irrigation, stock watering, support of vegetation for range
grazing, and all uses in support of farming and ranching
operations.
2. Water contact recreation, including all recreational uses
involving actual body contact with water, such as swimming,
wading, water-skiing, skin-diving, fishing, use in thera-
peutic spas, arid other uses where ingestion of water is
reasonably possible.
3. Non-contact water recr~ation, including recreational· uses
which involve the presence of water but do not require con-
tact with water. Examples are picnicking, sunbathing, hik-
ing, camping, pleasure boating, hunting, and aesthetic
enjoyment ~nd sightseeing •.
4.
5.
6.
Warm freshwater habitat, provided for aquatic resources
associated with a warm-water environment.
Wildlife habitat in the form of water supply and vegetative
habitat fQr wildlife.
Preservation--of aquatic habitat necessary, at least in
part, for the survival of certain species established as
being rare and endangered.
The Agua-Hedionda drainage system provides all of the above beneficial
uses assigned to the San Marcos sub-unit, along with the two additional uses
of municipal and domestic supply arid industrial supply.
No potenti-al uses have been identified for either the San Marcos or the
Agua-Hedionda drainage systems.
Groundwater Quality. Existing beneficial uses· identified for
groundwater within the San Marcos and Agua Hedionda basins include municipal
supply, agricultural, and industrial uses. Groundwater quality in the area
is generally poor. High TDS (total dissolved solids) concentrations are due
to limited rainfall and importation of Colorado River water for irrigation
(Montgomery, 1975).
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Hydrology. At least four ephemeral 'streams transverse the Ran-
cho Carri 11 o property. The major stream, running through the center of the
site, is impounded at several locations in the property 1 s major valley. The
largest of this series of earthen impoundments was believed to pose a hazard
due to high saturation of the berm and its instability. 0nsite examinations
suggest that the dam 1 s foundation was subject to failure, and the reservoir
behind it contributed to higher than natural groundwater levels downstream,
possibly contributing to landslides on downstream slopes. At the recommenda-
tion of Geosoils, Inc., therefore, this berm was recently breached in a con-
trolled effort to remove the hazard (Geosoils, 1979e, 1980a).
A drainage study was prepared for the site (Leedshill, 1981) to determine
the needs and dimensions of storm drains and detention basins (Appendix A).
The study identifies peak flow rates and volumes for both 10 and 25-year torms
on the property with existing and proposed uses. The study 1 s recommendations
conform to the California Coastal Commission 1 s policy (adopted as the City
standards for this project) requiring that the peak rate of runoff from the
10-year storm be no greater after development than before. The drainage study
also adopts the criterion that detention basins can safely pass runoff from a
200-year storm. The City Engi_neer reviewed the study and found it adequate in
both approach and criteria.
According to the County of San Diego, Department of Sanitation and Flood
Control, the project is outside of any designated floodplain area (Hill, 1980
in Appendix J).
Impacts.
Surface ·water •• Qua 1 itY. Project development wi 11 effect an
increase in urban pollutants in runoff. Increased impervious surfaces and
associated motor oils, fuel, asphalt, detergents, fertili_zers, pesticides, and
other domestic chemicals will incrementally degrade local water quality.
0nsite grading will create a short-term. potential for erosion. If not
properly controlled, onsite erosion could increase sedimentation in downstream
waters, such as Batiquitos and Agua Hedionda Lagoons. Although this effect
might be only incremental, the cumulative effect of this project in concert
with others in the drainage basin could have a significant adverse impact.
Long-term cumulative effects on Batiquitos and Agua Hedionda lagoons will
result from increased urbanization in the area and an accompanying decrease in
agricultural land use. Projected cumulative effects include a 30-35% reduc-
tion in tota 1 suspended so 1 ids and nutrient 1 oads. The decrease in nutrient
loads can only be beneficial to the problem of eutrophication in Satiquitos
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Lagoon, but this effect is thought to be unsubstantially small. Heavy metal
loads are estimated to increase about 100%, resulting in a long-term cumula-
tive adverse impact (Daniel et al., 1978). Development of Rancho, 'Carrillo
will contribute incrementally to this ~umulative adverse impact.
1 Groundwater Quality. Since the project will be completely sew-
ered and no septic systems or leach • lines are p 1 anned, no change in ground-
water quality is anticipated.
Hydrology. Development will increase storm runoff from the site
as a result of increased impervious surfaces. Development will require con-
struction of storm drainage facilities, including at least three detention
basins. The drainage study (Leedshill, 1981) presents two alternative drain-
age control designs. Both designs are capable of mitigating stormwater runoff
so that peak flow levels do not exceed existing peak flows.
0nsite agricultural impoundments will be removed. Since· these impound-
ments are not hydrological in function; their -removal is expected to have no
significant adverse impacts on onsite or offsite hydrology. 0nsite ephemeral
streams may be diverted into the storm drain facilities. Effects of this
diversion on the hydrological regime are expected to be minimal. • I
M. ) . . M 1t1gat1on easures.
5. The developer will incorporate a drainage. control system
which wi 11 ensure that peak runoff rates from the 10-year
storm after development will not exceed existing 10-year
storm· peak fl ow rates. Detention basins wi 11 be des i gned
to pass runoff safely from a 100-year storm. The drainage
control system will be maintained by an assessment dis-
trict.
6. A complete erosion control program to minimize the poten-
tial for erosion during development will be approved by the
City of Carlsbad prior_ to issuance of the grading permit.
This erosion control program will be enforced continuously
• during ·grading operations and between grading phases. This
program will. include provisions for construction during
non-rainy periods, immediate planting of vegetation on all
exposed slopes, temporary sedimentation basins (if neces-
sary), and ·a watering and compaction program. •
7. After development, a weekly streetsweeping program will be
implemented in the project area for all internal roadways
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to reduce the urban pollutants which would pollute surface
runoff.
8. A detailed hydrological and drainage control analysis will
be conducted by the project applicant and submitted to the
City for review at the time of submittal of the.subdiv1sion
map. The study shall identify necessary onsite flood con-
trol measures. The study shall also identify measures for
assuring that onsite runoff wi 11 not adversely affect off-
site areas. Changes in groundwater levels due to grading
and the removal of onsite impoundments must also be analyz-
ed. The report will also examine hydrological effects of
diverting the streams onsite. Results of this. study will
be incorporated into the project design to the satisfaction
of the City Engineer.
lsa
Upon implementation; these measures wi 11 adequ~tely mitigate any poten-
tial adverse impacts associated with alterations to onsite hydrological condi-
t i ans due to development. They wi 11 a 1 so assure that the development wi 11 be
protected from significant flooding hazards. Mitigation Measure #6 will ade-
quately mitigate adverse impacts associated with the potential increase in
erosion on the project site. It will assure that the project will not con-
tribute significantly to increased sediment levels in Batiquitos Lagoon. Mit-
igation Measure #7 will partially reduce the amount of urban pollutants
expected from development of the site. Although not a significant increase by
itself, the project-related increase in urban pollutant levels may still ·con-
tribute to a cumulative adverse impact on Batiquitos Lagoon associated with
the developing region.-,. ···
BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
A bi al ogical study conducted in April 1980 assessed the project site I s
biological resources. The study included a field survey and a survey of rele-
vant literature (REC0N, 1976). The complete study, including a list of repre-
sentative plant and wildlife species, appears in Appendix B.
Setting. As indicated in Figure 9, four major biotic communities
occur on the project site: 1) coastal sage scrub, 2) riparian, 3) freshwater
marsh, and 4) int.reduced grassland. Si nee the ti me of the April 1980 field
survey and the writing of the biological report, the major agricultural 111ater
impoundment on the property has been breached, allowing the water to flow
downstream to remove 111hat was believed to be a hydrological hazard (see \·Jater
Resources section; Geosoils, 1979e, 1980a). As a result, most of the fresh-
water marsh plants were removed, and much of the riparian habitat at the
• •
' •
LEGEND
□ d Grassland Introduce
~ Coastal Sage
~ Riparian
Etf:d Freshwater Marsh
tJ] Rural Ruderal
g Urban
28
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impoundment is expected to suffer; the communities onsite are, therefore, in a
state of flux.
Coastal Sage Scrub. Characteristic of dry, rocky hillsides in
~.outhern California below 3,000 feet, coastal sage scrub occurs scattered
throughout the site on steeper hillsides and in drainages. This community
typically consists of half-woody shrubs, two to five feet tall, growing close
together. Indicative dominants include California sagebrush (Artemisia cali-
fornica), black sage {Salvia mellifera), and California brittlebush (EncelTa
californica). Groundcover consists of introduced grasses and forbs.
Coastal sage scrub is a productive habitat throughout and supports a sur-
prising diversity and abundance of wildlife, including many reptiles, small
animals, and birds.
Riparian Community. Dominants of riparian communities in South-
ern California include coast live oaks (Quercus agrifolia) and willows (Salix
spp.). Small shrubs provide a dense and bushy understory. Riparian species
occur onsite around the impoundment basins and ~long the stream course. The
habitat along the stream course has been degraded by human disturbance (clear-
ing and dumping). The impoundment habitat is of limited size and almost
entirely caused by the artificial impoundment •. Most of this habitat, except
for the more deep-rooted species, will disappear as a result of the impound-
ment 1s breaching. Consequently, the riparian communities onsite are believed
to be no more valuable than the surrounding habitats.
Freshwater· Marsh. This community occurs at the breached dam
site. Freshwater marsb-1s compos~d of emersed aquatic plants and plants grow-
ing in permanently saturated soils. Dominants include cattail (~ latifo-
lia) and Olney bulrush (Scirhus olneyi); willows and mulefat (Baccharis gluti-
nosa) are also common. Fres water marsh communities serve as habitat for many
wildlife forms, particularly amphibians, which could not survive otherwise.
The habitat onsite, however, is in a_state of rapid change and will soon dis-
appear due to the removal of the impoundment. Willows and cattails will dry
up; bulrushes wi 11 disappear. The marshland and area of former open water
will be replaced by a ruderal sere of mulefat, sweet fennel (Foeniculum vul-
gare), curly dock (Rumix crispus), and wild radish (Raphanus sativus), with
introduced grasses and other weedy species finally reverting to coastal sage
scrub.
Introduced Grassland. This community is the most common vegeta-
tion on the Rancho Carrillo property. Its dominants consist of adventitious
species that replace native vegetation following clearing and include ripgut-
grass (Bromus diandrus), reo brome (Bromus rubens), and slender wild oats
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(Avena fatua). These grasses occur onsite over lower h_illsides and slopes.
They provide habitat for a small number of wildlife species, which occur in
high numbers, and foraging habitat for birds of prey.
Species. Appendix B contains a species list of dominant and
common plants and representative wildlife expected to occur onsite. In addi-
tion, several plant species which are on the California Native Plant Society's
(CNPS) 1 i st of rare and endangered species have been noted by CNPS to occur
within a few miles of the site. These species include Del Mar manzanita (Arc-
tostaphylus glandulosa var. crassifolia), adolphia (Adelphia californicaT,
pygmy spikemoss (Selaginella cinerescens), and summer holly (Comarostaphylos
diversifolia var. diversifolia), which is of concern to the CNPS, but not yet
listed. Adelphia and pygmy spikemoss have reportedly been sighted during an
unrelated study on the site (Bramlett, personal communication). Small popula-
tions of one or more of the other species could have gone undetected. None of
these species is on either the Federal or State list for rare, endangered, or
threatened species. The CNPS list is only advisory and, according to the
list, the two species sighted are common elsewhere (CNPS, 1980).
Impacts. Mass grading will strip the site of most existing vegeta-
tion. lliversion of the ephemeral streams underground for drainage control
will eliminate remaining riparian habitats .. Wildlife species will drastically
diminish onsite. Urbanization of the site will also indirectly impact wild-
life offsite as animals and birds will avoid the urbanized site. The intro-
duction of domestic predators (cats and dogs) will effect an incremental loss
of hunting territory for rapt ors offs i te and in preserved natu ra 1 veg et at ion
areas onsite. Open-space stands of preserved vegetation wi 11 be subject to
foot traffic. from __ th~. development's residents. Roadside kills of wildlife
will increase as a result· of traffic entering and leaving the development.
Mitigation Measures.
9. The areas designated as "natural terrain" in the conceptual
grading plan will be preserved as areas of natural vegeta-
tion. This will partially mitigate the impact of removal
of vegetation by mass grading onsite. The areas of coastal
sage and riparian vegetation that will be preserved within
areas of natural terrain are illustrated in Figure 10. 1 \ These areas will also provide potenti-al habitat for those
species, of concern to the California Department of Fish
and Game and the California Native Plant Society, which are
believed to possibly occur onsite or within a few miles of
the site. These natural terrain areas could be used for
transplantation areas to serve as habitat for plants
threatened by regi anal development.
•
31
10
Areas of Preserved Natural Vegetation lsa
LEGEND
~ Rlpari~n
~ Coastal Sage
~ Are~s to be Preserved
:~ :-:,~~;C/¼~., _·.
~~ \ .,,, .. ,,\, \, ,...,../'·
~ >., .✓.::,
""'· ~~~.....-::;;; --, .. ----5
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. ·(
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10. The developer will examine the feasibility of incorporating.
natural drainage swales into portions of the drainage con-
trol system and preserving these swales as areas of natural
vegetative habitat, particularly in the area of existing
riparian vegetation that p·ara 11 e 1 s the future a 1 i gnment of
Carrillo Way, west of the existing Carrillo Ranch. Should
implementation of this measure be found feasible without
exposing the development to significant flood hazards, the
preserved riparian habitat should then be upgraded by
removing rubbish and ruderal species and limiting human
disturbance. If implemented, this measure would partially
mitigate impacts on riparian habitats onsite.
-11. The project applicant is required to apply for a 1603 per-
mit from the California Department of Fish and Game for all
disturbance and destruction of onsite creeks and water
impoundments. The project app l i cants wi 11 be requ i red to
incorporate all permit conditions formulated by Fish and
Game into the project design.
12. Landscaping around the retention basins to be used for
flood control purposes will be comprised of 100% native
vegetation.
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These measures will partially mitigate expected adverse impacts on onsite
biological resources. However, there will still be unavoidable adverse impact
on biological resources associated with the loss of onsite habitat and dis-
placement of wildlife. -__
CULTURAL RESOURCES
In 1976, RECON conducted an archaeological survey of Rancho Carrillo
(RECON, 1976). An additional study for an unrelated project was prepared by
Neste, Brudi n and Stone in 1979 (Neste et a 1 • , 1979). Recently, WESTEC Ser-
vices reviewed these reports and performed additional field surveys to confirm
the adequacy of the previous studies (WESTEC, 1979). The RE CON and WESTEC
reports appear in Appendix C; Neste, Brudin and Stone 1s report is on file for
public review with the City of Carlsbad.
Setting. The combined archaeological studies indicate that 28 arch-
aeolog.ical or historical sites exist on the-,Rancho Carrillo property. These
sites are listed in Appendii C (WESTEC, 1979). The majority of the site~ are
small, light concentrations of artifacts or shell and have limited archaeolog-
ical potential. Several are isolated finds of debitage or flakes. There are
two archaeological and two historical sites of significance.
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Site CA-S0i-4396. This site was or1ginally recorded in 1976 and
resurveyed in 1979 by \~ESTEC Services. The site encompasses approximate 1 y
4,000 squar·e meters and an approximate depth of 35 centimeters. Artifacts
include highly patinated felsite scrapers and flakes, basalt debitage, and a·
broken blade fragment. Carbon-14 studies from shellfish remains indicate a
dating of 6880 (±_280) B.P.
Site CA-S0i-4687. This site has been ca 11 ed "the most substan-
tial preh1stor1c archaeological resource on the subject property" (REC0N,
1976). The site includes 200 square meters of midden, approximately 40 centi-
meters in depth. Among the artifacts already noted are a wide variety of
lithic artifacts, including scrapers, hammerstones, manes, and both primary
and secondary flakes and cores.
Site CA-S0i-4690. Resources found on this site include 20
flakes and debitage and a wide variety of shells. The 300-square-meter site
may contain culture-bearing overburden.
Carrillo Ranch (Rancho de las Quiotes). This historic site,
located in the central portion of the property, is the remains of a restored
early California rancho and consists of a main house and various outbuildings,
including a barn and guest house. Rancho de l os Qui ates (Ranch of the Dag-
gers) was part of the Agua Hedionda Land Grant. In the 1860s, Matthew Kelly,
Sr. built the ranch house as his private residence. Following his death,
Kelly's descendants abandoned the area, and the structures fell into disre-
pair.
In the 1930s, Lep. Carri.11.o purchased the property. Carri 11 o restored the
ranch structures with the intent of rec re at i ng and preserving an "e 1 ement of
California history."· The ranch area has been well preserved since Carrillo's
death in 1961, and is presently being nominated to the National Register of
Historic Places.
Site CA-S0i-4683. This site is an historic wooden cross set in
a plastered adobe block base atop a hill overlooking Rancho de las Quiotes.
Structural features, such as plaster, nuts and bolts, and milled wooden compo-
nents, and the lack of historical reference to the cross, indicate that it was
constructed during Leo Carrillo's occupation of .the property rather than
Kelly's earlier use in the 1860s.
Lesser Sites. Some of the remaining sites contain light concen-
trations of artifacts or shell fragments which may have archaeological signif-
icance. These have been registered with the California Archaeological Survey
and include sites CA-SDi-4679, 4684, 4685, 4686, 4688, 4689, and 4691 .
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Impacts. Implementation of· the proposed Rancho Carrillo development
will destroy all or most of the archaeological sites identified within the
project area.
Mitigation Measures.
13. A qualified archaeologist will investigate sites CA-SOi-
4306, 4687, and 4600 to determine their significance and
research potential. These sites will be preserved if pos-
sible; if not, a qualified archaeologist will test and
excavate.
14. Carrillo Ranch (Rancho de las Quiotes) will be preserved
as part of a 20-acre City park. The developers propose to
move the historic cross to within the City park fq,r perma-
nent preservation.
15. A qualified archaeologist will conduct the surface collec-
tion and analysis of shell scatters on CA-SOi-4679, 4688,
and 4689 prior to issuance of a grading permit.
16. Sites CA-SOi-4684, 4685, 4686, and 4691 will be mapped
with all shell scatter flakes, cores, tools, scrapers, and
debitage collected by a qualified archaelogist prior to
issuing a grading permit.
Implementation of these measures will adequately mitigate any potential
adverse impacts on the archaeo.logical resources of the site.
PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES
A certified paleontologist has made a preliminary evaluation of the kno\'m
and potential paleontological resources of Rancho Carrillo based on a review
of published and unpublished literature and data. This preliminary study
appears in Appendix O.
Setting. The property is underlain by unnamed Eocene sands (38 to 55
million years old) that have been correlated to the Santiago Formation of
Orange County. Eocene rocks have produced numerous si gni fi cant fossils from
several localities, including several new forms of extinct reptiles, birds,
and mammals, uncovered in conjunction with the Laguna Riviera development in
the City of Carlsbad. The Laguna Riviera site is the closest recorded fossil
occurrence to Rancho Carrillo. Since Rancho Carrillo lies within a district
that has a history of producing numerous significant fossils, it is highly
I
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probable that somewhere within the 846 acres of the site there are fossil
remains and that some of them are significant.
Impacts. Mass grading and construction on the site would displace or
permanently cover areas that have a potential for bearing significant fossils .
Golz and Lillegraven (1977) pointed out that in order to improve correlations
of the Eocene sands of the Carlsbad area with other uni ts of similar age,
additional fossils are necessary from other localities. Since it is possible
that fossils likely to be present at Rancho Carrillo could provide information
significant to this issue, loss of resources onsite must be considered poten-
tially significant.
However, it should be noted that the exposure of fossils may occur during
development. This could be considered a positive impact since some fossils
which otherwise would remain buried will be exposed and made available for
scientific study.
Mitigation Measures. The following mitigation measure is proposed to
mitigate impacts on paleontological resources onsite.
17. A certified paleontologist will perform a walkover survey
of the site in order to locate and define areas of paleon-
tological sensitivity. The paleontologist will submit a
written report to the City Planning ·Department prior to
issuance of the grading pe'rmit. Any fossils located dur-
ing the survey will be collected prior to grading.
The paleontolo9:is.t. will be present at all pregrade meet-
ings to determine the necessity for a paleontological
observer during various phases of grading. This determi -
nation will be based on the findings of the walkover sur-
vey and grading plans.
The observer will be allowed to divert, direct, or halt
grading in a specific area to allow for the expeditious
salvage of expos~d fossil materials. Fossils collected
will be donated to a public non-profit institution such as
the San Diego Natural History Museum, the Paleobiology
Department of San Diego State University, or the Natural
History Museum of Los Angeles County.
Implementation of this measure will adequately mitigate any potential
adverse impacts on paleontological resources.
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LAND USE
Setting. Existing land uses on the Rancho Carrillo property include
open space and some very limited agri cul tu re. Land to the west and east of
the project is also undeveloped with limited agriculture. These parcels are
in unincorporated San Diego County and are designated in the County's General
Pl an as intensive agri cultural to the west and medium residential to the east .
Immediately north of the project site is the Carlsbad Raceway. This area
is in the City of Carlsbad and is designated as recreation commercial (RC) in
the City of Carlsbad's General Pl an. Paree ls south and southwest of the
project are also within the Carlsbad limits. These areas are designated as
planned community, and their existing land uses include the Rancho La Costa
community. Future North La Costa residents will also eventually border the
site. There is existing residential devleopment within the City of San Marcos
southeast of the project site.
Existing land use north of the Carlsbad Raceway is open space. This area
is within the limits of the City of Vista and is designated as open space and
industrial park. Additional proposed .land use north of the Raceway includes
the future alignment of Melrose Avenue. The City of Vista's proposed align-
ment of Melrose Avenue transects ·the existing racway, while Carlsbad's align-
ment skirts outside the raceway's perimeter. These two alignments therefore
present a potential conflict in land use north of the project site.
The project site is within 2-1/4 miles of Palomar Airport, located at the
northwest corner of the El Camino Real/Palomar Airport Road intersection (Fig-
ure 2). The San Diego Airport Land Use Commission prepared a comprehensive
land use plan for Palomar Airport in 1974. The report .,.,as prepared to assist
in achieving compattble· land use development in and around Palomar Airport.
The report defined an "airport influence area" based on a projected 1990 air-
port operation level of 435,000. operations. This "airport influence area" was
defined on the basis of projected noise levels and crash hazard areas. A very
small portion of the Rancho Carrillo properties is located within this influ-
ence area. The portion is north of Palomar Airport Road along the '"'estern
boundary of the project site. This area is in the 110 l II zone described as
"minimal crash hazard, low noise impact, and compatible with all types of
development including residential, industrial, office, institutional, recrea-
tional, and commercial.
The County of San o;.ego is currently seeking Federal funding to conduct
an Airport Noise Control and Land Use Campa ti bil ity Study (ANCLUC) in 1981.
. This study is expected to be available late 1981 or early 1982. The ANCLUC
' will essentially replace the existing Comprehensive Land Use Plan. The study
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has not yet begun.
this time.
37
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Consequently, preliminary results are not available at
Imtacts. Adoption of the Master Pl an and General P 1 an Amendment for
Ranchoarrillo represents steps toward implementation of the current Planned
Community zoning for the site. The major direct impact of implementation will
be the introduction of residential, commercial, and industrial land uses on
the site. These new uses will displace the current uses of limited agricul-
ture and natural open space. The proposed change in land use has implications
for all aspects of the natural and manmade environment. These impacts and
necessary mitigation measures are discussed in the appropriate sections
throughout this report.
Additional impacts associated with the project include possible incompat-
ibility with offsite agriculture. Agricultural activities, such as crop
spraying and noise and dust-from agricultural machinery, may prove incompati-
ble with residential land use. Conversely, residential uses may have adverse
impacts on agricultural practices.
General Plan. Figure 4, Page 8 under Project Description sec-
·tion, illustrates the existing General Plan and the proposed General Plan
Amendment for Rancho Carrillo. Pages 2, 3, and 9 contain a description of the
proposed General Pl an Amendment. Briefly, the General Pl an Amendment would
allow for fewer dwelling units at a lower density on a larger amount of acre-
age. It increases the overall amount of commercial (neighborhood, community,
travel services), although there is some adjustment within the specific types
of commercial land uses. The special treatment area has been defined as
planned industrial and community coinmercial. The existing General Plan shows
two elementary school sites t~talling 18.7 acres, while the proposed amendment
provides for a single centrally·-located 14.6-acre elementary school site.
There would be a reduction in designated open space and recreation commercial
under the proposed amendment. Also, the Parks and Recreation Element shows a
7-acre park at the southwest corner of future Melrose Avenue and Carrillo Way.
Under the proposed amendment, an 8.2-acre park would be provided irrmediately
west of the Carrillo Ranch and south of Carrillo Way.
Configuration of 1 and uses are bas i ca 11 y the same under the amendment
with some minor modifications as illustrated in Figure 4, Page 8.
The proposed General Plan amendment appears to be compatible with land
use plans for the surrounding areas under the jurisdiction of the City of
Carlsbad, County_ of San Diego, City of Vista, and City of San Marcos.
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Review of the proposed General Plan Amendment in comparison to the exist-
; ng Genera 1 Pl an shows few significant env i ronmenta 1 differences. The pro-
posed nature of the area will remain the same, primarily residential to the
south and non-residential to the north. With the proposed lower densities and
fewer dwelling units, the small reduction in designated open space is not con-
sidered significant. Designated open space will still comprise 21% of the
total acreage of the site.
Consolidation of the two school sites into one centrally located facil~ty
also does not appear to have a potential land use impact. The site is adja-
cent to landslide prone areas, but with the adequate stabilization measures
required, this will not pose a hazard. For a more detailed discussion of
educational facilities and needs, please see the Community Services and Public
Utilities section of this report.
The relocation of the park to a new location does not pose any 1 and use
incompatibilities. It is adjacent to the proposed recreation commercial area
and the City-owned Carrillo Ranch Historic Si"te. Some concern has been
expressed as to the soils condition of the site. Geotechnical studies indi-
cate that .the site can be feasibly developed, although soil treatment and site
preparation may be costly in comparison to more stable sites. However, the.
presently designated park site is located within an existing landslide area
which will also require extensive site preparation.
The proposed general plan amendment realigns Melrose Avenue north of Pal-
omar Airport Road along a slightly more northerly course. The existing Gener-
al Plan shows Melrose Avenue skirting around the western edge of the Carlsbad
Raceway. However, this alignment does not appear to be consistent with the
city of Vista's alignment of Melrose Avenue. The Carlsbad alignment appears
to be +500 feet to the west of the Vista alignment at the City boundary. The
proposed alignment (as far as it is indicated) appears to be able to align to
Vista's alignment of Melrose Avenue. However, this might adversely impact the
operations of the Carlsbad Raceway by crossing over the western portion of the
raceway area. Until the City conducts further studies as to the most appro-
priate alignment of Melrose Drive in the raceway area and connecting to
Vista's alignment, further analysis is not possible.
Master Plan. The proposed revised Master Plan is consistent
with the proposed General Plan Amendment. As such, the above discussion also
pertains directly to the proposed Master Plan. The proposed Master Plan is
illustrated in Figure 3 and described on Pages 2 and 7.
In comparison to the 1972 adopted Master Plan for the site, the revised
Master Plan includes planned industrial uses where the previous plan indicated
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non-residential. It also allows only 2,998 dwelling units (3,122 units
including the school site conversion units) as compared to the adopted plans
allowance of 3,695 dwelling units. Allowable densities under the adopted plan
were slightly higher than now proposed. As discussed above, under the adopted
plan, two school sites are shown and a park site is located at Melrose Avenue
and Carrillo Way. The revised Master Plan reflects a single, central school
and a park west of the Carrillo Ranch. No adverse land use impacts were found
in the comparison of the adopted and proposed master plans.
Palomar· Airport. The project as proposed is not incompatible
with the adopted Comprehensive Land Use Pl an for Pa 1 omar Airport. Based on
noise studies conducted for this project, it is also not expected to be incon-
sistent with the results of the proposed ANCLUC. Please refer to the Noise
section of this report for a more detailed discussion of airport-related
noise.
Mitigation Measures. The following mitigation measure is proposed to
offset any potential adverse impacts.
18. The proposed Master Pl an wi 11 be submitted to the Airport
Land Use Cammi ss ion for review prior to approv a 1 of the
project.
19. The developer will provide an' adequate buffer to mitigate
potential incompatibility between proposed residences
onsite and existing agricultural land uses offsite.
Appropriate buffers to be considered include construction
of a 6-foot block wall dividing the two land uses and, if
aerial praying occurs over the adjacent agriculture, an
open space. buff er of 150 feet or p 1 a cement of a roadway
between the two uses. · The adequacy of the buffer wi 11 be
reviewed by the City at the time of subdivision map appli-
cation.
20 .. The City will conduct a study to determine the most
feasible alignment of Melrose Avenue through the Carlsbad
Raceway and connecting to the City of Vista. Currently,
the City of Vista is reviewing a Master Plan for the area
just north of Carlsbad Raceway which indicates a fairly
precise aligm:nent consistent with the Vista General Plan.
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Consequently, it behooves the City of Carlsbad to study
carefully the compatibility of its alignment. As dis-
cussed above, preliminary analysis indicates that the pro-
posed Rancho Carrillo alignment can be extended across the
raceway so as to align with the Vista alignment. It also
appears that a slight modification of the adopted align-
ment necessary to a 1 i gn with the Vista route may a 1 so
impact the raceway. However, further engineering studies
by the City need· to be conducted before a definitive
determination can be made.
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These measures, when implemented, will assure that no significant adverse
impacts associated with land use issues will occur as a result of this proj-
ect. The one. exception to this may be the possible disruption of recreational
operations within Carlsbad Raceway as a result of the realignment of Melrose
Avenue. However, it is possible this may occur even without the requested
realignment if the City must modify the route of Melrose Avenue to align with
Vista's Melrose Avenue.
VISUAL AND AESTHETIC ASPECTS
Setting. Rancho Carrillo is presently vacant land with the exception
of the ranch house and the few dirt roads leading to it. Hillsides are cov-
ered with grassland and natural vegetation, and valleys are covered with
grassland, riparian plants, and ornamental species. The site sits below the
bordering hills and is visible only from the property's perimeter, from adja-
cent hillsides, and from a brief stretch of Palomar Airport Road. The proper-
ty as a who 1 e serves·· as an. iso 1 ated setting for the ranch house, the Rancho's
centerpiece. From • the Rancho, there are views of the bordering hi 11 s and
adjacent property to the south.
Impacts. Development of Rancho Carrillo would irrevocably change the
site's appearance. A suburb~n landscape of roadways and houses would replace
the open hi 11 s and va 11 ey.s ~ •• The i so 1 ated character of the Rancho and its
ranch house would be lost. The ranch house, in its confined park setting
among the suburbs, might well seem anachronistic and unnatural in contrast to
the return to the past it was originally intended to elucidate.
Because of the site's topographic setting, visual impacts from offsite
will be limited to the ·views from Palomar Airport Road and properties inme-
diately adjacent to the -site. Onsite topography will be altered by mass grad-
ing and grading for building pads and street grades.
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Natural and introduced ornamental vegetation will be stripped from the
1 and scape. Ephemeral watercour~es will be diverted underground; their asso-
ciated vegetation and wildlife wi 11 be removed or reduced ans ite.
Mitigation Measures.
21. An 8.2-acre park site adjacent to the Leo Carrillo Ranch
City Park will partially mitigate the transition in land
use between the historic ranch house and surrounding com-
mercial and residential areas.
22. Greenbelts and natural open spaces will be included in the
development in accordance with the propo.sed Master Pl an.
Although open space will obviously be reduced by the proj-
ect, this measure will partially mitigate the total visual
impact.
These measures will partially mitigate impacts on the visual and aesthe-
tic resources of the site. However, it is unavoidable that the character of
the site will be irreyocabl~ altered.
TRAFFIC AND CIRCULATION
Technical traffic input for this report has been provided from several
sources. Weston Pringle and Associates, representing the project applicants,
has prepared both a draft and a final report. The final report, dated March
16, 1981, is included in Appendix E.
o The City of Carlsbad Engineering Department, and the City• s traffic con-
sultant, Berryman and Stephenson,.· Inc. (BSI), have reviewed the draft and
final reports and have prepared written comments. These corrrnents are included
in Appendix F. Where the recommendations of the applicants• traffic engineer
differ from those of the City, the EIR attempts to explain the differences and
0
includes mitigation measures requiring their resolution.
Setting. The site is currently undeveloped and is served only by
Palomar Airport Road, which has been improved to two lanes in the vicinity of
the project. An unimproved dirt road leads from Palomar Airport Road to the
• Rancho Carrilld ranch house in the center of the site. The existing traffic
volume along Palomar Airport Road is estimated to be 12,500 average daily
O traffic (ADT). •
0
Proposed Circulation System. Figure 11 i 11 ustrates the proposed cir-
culation system intended to serve the project site and the vicinity. The City
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42 1 1
Proposed Circulation System
LEGEND
I \
' ' ' ... ' ' \
\ \
\
I I I , .......
/ I
I \. .,,.'!' ,' --i
I
l
I
I I I
I
I
I
-----➔--... --------:
\
\
\ .. . --·--··· •.. • \ ____ :. ~---•·-J·
Source: Weston Pringle & Assoc.
~ Existing roadway, or
proposed on-site impro-
ments
,-Proposed off-site, or
~ necessary-to-complete
improvements • •
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♦
N
No scale
-Prime arterial
roadway
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0
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of Car.lsbad's General Plan classifies Palomar Airport Road and Melrose Avenue
as prime arterials, and Alga Road as a major arterial. It also classifies
Carrillo Way and El Fuerte Street as secondary arterials.
Solid lines in Fi.gure 11 indicate existing or proposed onsite improve-
ments. The only existing facilities are Palomar Airport Road,· a portion of El
Fuerte leading to Alga Road, and Alga Road westerly of El Fuerte Street. Dot-
ted lines illustrate proposed offsite improvements necessary to complete the
ultimate roadway system.
The traffic study completed by Weston Pringle and Associates was based on
this proposed circulation system.
Impacts.
Trip Generation. The first step in determining the effect of the
proposed project on the local circulation system is to estimate the number of
trips that will be generated by the project. Numerous studies have. been con-
ducted by governm~nta 1 agencies and consultants to determine appropriate trip
generation rates for various land uses. Based on. these studies, the rates
sunmari zed in Tab 1 e E -wer~ ut i 1 i zed in the traffic study.
Since definitive land use data were not available for the commercial rec-
reation areas, the following assumptions were made for purposes of the traffic
study. Soil conditions in t_he areas designated for conmercial recreation
would generally preclude major structures on these sites. It was assumed that
racquetball courts would be a typical use of the sites. Potential uses were
assumed to serve primarily_ the adjacent areas and would not attract regional
usage. Consequently, they are not expected to impact the external roadway
system.
No estimate was made for the ranch house site as no applicable trip gen-
eration rates are available. However, this use is expected to have a negligi-
ble impact upon the street system.
By applying the trip generation rates to the proposed land use quanti-
ties, as described in the proposed Rancho Carrillo Master Plan, estimates of
daily and peak-hour trip generation for the· project were obtained. These
estimates are .surmnarized in Table F. According to these estimates, the proj-
ect would generate 53,840 daily trip ends upon completion. There would be
3,060 trips occurring during the a.m. peak hour and 5,780 trips occurring dur-
ing the p.m. peak hour.
0
0 TABLE E 44
TRIP GENERATION RATES
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0
Rates1
Land Use Descrietor Daill A.M. In A.M. Out P.M. In P .M. Out
Low-density
0 residential Dwelling unit 11.0 0.2 a.a a.a 0.2
Medium-density
residential Dwelling unit 7.5 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.2
Commercial Acre 900.0 Negligible 45.0 45.0
0 Industrial Acre 80.0 11.0 3.0 3.5 12.5
Commercial
recreation Acre 300.0 Negligible 7.7 28.7
0 Park Acre 6.0 Negligible 0.3
Source: Weston Pringle and Associates, Inc.
lTrip ends per descriptor.
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TABLE F 45
PROJECT TRIP ~ENERATION
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Trip Ends
Land Use Quantity Dai 1 y A.M. In A.M. Out P .M. In P.M. Out -
Low-density
residential 701 7,700 140 560 560 140
Medi um-density
residential 2,297 17,200 470 . 1,380 1,380 460
Conmerciall 26.2 23,600 1,180 1,180
Industriall 36.7 2,900 400 110 130 460
Commercial
recreationl a.a 2,400 60 230
Park 7.0 40
TOTALS 53,840 1,010 2,050 3,310 2,470
laased on estimated net acreage figures as opposed to the gross acreage figures
1 i sted in the proposed Ranch.a Carrillo Master Plan.
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A potential increase in estimated trip generation would result from the
. conversion of the school site to low-density residential as provided for in
the proposed Rancho Carrillo Master Plan under 11 8. Development Standards, Pub-
1 ic Planning Areas Hand F, Number 2,11 on Page 22. This conversion would add
124 dwelling units with 930 daily trip ends and 100 p.m. peak-hour trip ends.
The total daily trip ends with the school site conversion would be 54,770.
Trip Distribution and Assignment. The second step in the traf-
fic analysis is to determine the geographic distribution pattern for project-
generated traffic and to assign the traffic to the proposed roadway system ..
The Comprehensive Planning Organization I s ( CPO) Series !Vb population proj ec-
tions for 1995 were utilized to develop the trip distribution patterns. The
resulting patterns were further modified based upon knowledge of the area and
professional judgment.
The distribution patterns were developed for two future conditions. The
first condition· is based upon completion of the project without ultimate
develoi:ment of Carrillo Way, Melrose Avenue, and El .Fuerte Street as illus-
trated in Figure 12. The second condition is a distribution pattern based on
completion of the project· and ultimate planned buildout of the road system as
shown in Figure 12. These patterns illustrate distributions for residential
and industrial trips only. They do not illustrate commercial and commercial
recreation use trips.
Utilizing the distribution patterns illustrated in Figure 12, project
traffic was assigned to the road system. Figure 13 illustrates daily volumes
-at completion of the project. These volume figures include existing traffic
plus project traffic on the. road. system as illustrated. They do not include
regional traffic increases or ultimate road improvements.
Figure 14 i.llustrates daily volumes at completion of the project on the
ultimate road system. These volLDTie figures include existing volumes and
expected traffic from developing parcels in the vicinity. Specifically, traf-
fic expected to be generated by Carlsbad Oaks and La Costa were included in
these figures.
An adjustment was made in the external traffic from the project. Since
some of the trips attracted to the commercial uses would be generated by the
project's residential uses, a reduction was made in external traffic. It was
assumed that half of the trips attracted to the commercial area at Carrillo
Way and Melrose Avenue were generated in the residential areas of the project
and would not be external to the site. This commercial area is described in
the City of Carlsbad's General Plan as a Community Commercial area. The Gen-
er al Pl an describes these uses as serving an area up to one and one-half mil es
0.
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12
Directional Distribution lsa
.... o~~ a% ,~,,,..,,_,~2~5~-~---~20~%-' ............ ~~~~~:': ~-=?:a1:om:a~r:,A;lr~:;o;;_;rt1111R•d•. -~---r/ .... • • ... • --•• -••• -.--
25% 20%
I \
\ ' ' ... ' ' LEGEND \
\
00/ /0
XO/
JO.
(0%)
,\IOI l\,o
Residential
See 1. below
\
Industrial i
I
See 2.
I
I I I
I
I
I
. ·,
/ I
/ I I , __ ,,_
0% 0% f + 15;~ 10% I __
-----➔--------I
\
\
-···-···-···-' ··-· •• -···-··J
-· ·-···-···-···-···-·· Source: Weston Pringle & Assoc. + N
No scale
I.
lrhis distribution pattern assumes that all onsite improvements are com-
pleted and connected to the existing system as illustrated in Figure 10.
2rhis pattern will occur following ~ompletion of major offsite arterial
highways including Melrose Avenue north of Palomar Airport Road and Carrillo
Way west of El Fuerte.
-------------------------------------
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
48
13
Existing and Project Daily Traffic lsa
LEGEND
\
\
' ' ... "' ' \ \
\
\
I
I I ; .......
/ I I -/ I -,, ..--I ' ,. • I --j
/ :
I
. I
I
I
I
I
I
I _ ... -·------'-_______ .-
I
\
\
. ···-···-···-' ··-···-···· •. J
29,700
(12,50
···-···-···
&4000
1500
~
. .
.•• -···-···---· -··· -··· -···-···-···-----· --... .J
I el
120
I I
00,000 Existing and Project Traffic
(00,000) Exist~ng traffic
+ N
No scale
NOTE: This figure illustrates existing plus project volumes only. It does
not include traffic volumes from other future developments. It assumes
the construction of all .onsite improvements.
0
0
0
0
0
10 I
0
0
0
0
14 49
, Existing, Project, and
Related Project DaHy Traffic
LEGEND
000 See 1. below
(000) See 2. below , ... ,
I \
/ \.400 .... r
I (400) I
I
I . I
12,800~
(12,900), ~ 1r,soo
I (11,900) I
. I • \:
15,300 ! ______ .,.
(lS~oo)-1-, '
\ '
------···-···-~ ·r:4.,.5o_g-r-_J : \. 4,soo, . •
I ) --
I -· ·-··--···-···-···-···-··
2, l 00
( 2, l 00)
, 0
(10,400)
l ,500..,
( l , 500)
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20, l 00
)
1,800 (1 aoo)\ ____ _
' ..... ---10800.J
.,,. ,. .,,. .., .,. ( 10900)
,,.. +
N
No scale
l'Includes project-related and existing traffic volumes in addition to esti-
mated traffic volumes resulting from the Carlsbad Oaks and La Costa develop-
ments.
2These volumes also include trips generated from school site conversion
residential units.
0
0
0
0
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0
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50
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in radius. On the basis of this definition, the assumption that half of the
trips attracted to this commercial area are local is conservative.
\ This adjustment results in 6% of daily residential trips being internal.
Also, 4% of the p.m. peak inbound trips and 13% of the p.m. outbound trips
would be internal.
I Circ:ulation System Analysis.
· Road and Intersection Capacity Analyses. The ability of the
planned circul at1on system to accommodate the proposed project has been eval u-
ated on two levels. First, daily volume/capacity comparisons were made to
provide a general evaluation. Second, peak-hour intersection analyses have
been completed on Melrose Avenue at Palomar Airport Road and Carrillo Way to
provide a more refined evaluation. These analyses have been completed for
traffic conditions illustrated in Figure 13 onsite (partial road improvements,
exi,sting plus project traffic volumes) and Figure 14 {ultimate road improve-
ments, existing plus project traffic volumes, other project traffic·volumes).
I
Table G provides a comparison of maximum projected daily volumes and
capacities for the arterials serving the project. Review of Table G indicates
that, on a daily volume basis, the planned system will be adequate with the
exception of Palomar Airport Road. The 42,400 daily volume on Palomar Airport
Road easterly of Mel rose Avenue exceed·s the 40,000 ADT capaci-ty by 6%. This
indicates a potential problem and the need to develop parallel routes to
relieve Palomar Airport Road. This is not related solely to this project as
the figure is based on addition1al projects developing in the area.
The Draft Environmental Impact Report prepared by the County of San Diego
for'the San Dieguito Circulation Element, GPA 80-CE, contains ye-ar 2000 pro-
jected daily volumes for. Palomar Airport Road at Melrose Avenue. These vol-
umes vary from 38,000 to 40·,000, with the County-proposed pl an at 38,000. The
report does not include projections for Melrose Avenue. Rancho Santa Fe Road
north of Olivenhain is projected to have. a demand of 34,000 with the County
proposal. Since Melrose Avenue splits from Rancho Santa Fe Road just south of
Carrillo Ranch, it could be assumed that the year 2000 volumes on r,,1elrose
would be somewhat less than 34,000.
These projections indicate that, on a daily volume/capacity comparison
basis, the planned road system should be adequate.
The comparison of daily volumes to projected daily capacity gives a gen-
eral indication of the adequacy of a roadway system. However, the 'operation
of intersections is the critical factor in determining the adequacy of a cir-
0
0 TABLE G 51
DAILY VOLUME/CAPACITY COMPARISONS
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0
Volume
Project Completion Ultimate
Street Capacityl (Figure 13) (Figure 14)
0 Palomar Airport Road 40,000 38,500 42,400
Mel rose Avenue 40,000 13,400 24,100
Carrillo Way 20,000 4,000 15,300
0
lcity of Carlsbad Engineering Department
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
52
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cul at ion system. For the Rancho Carri 11 o development, the intersecti ans on
Melrose Avenue at Palomar Airport Road and Carrillo Way are the critical
points in the circulation system. Intersection Capacity Utilization (ICU)
analyses have been completed for these intersections for the two traffic con-
ditions described in Figures 13 and 14. (The ICU methodology is explained· in
Appendix E.) The ICU values for the intersections are summarized in Table H.
As indicated in Table H, an operational problem is anticipated at Palomar
Airport Road and Melrose Avenue. This further confirms the potential for
problems identified in the daily volume/capacity comparison. The major factor
contributing to the potential capacity problem is traffic flow on Palomar Air-
port Road. This is a result not only of this project, but development occur-
ring in the vicinity and existing traffic as well. As was mentioned above,
development of additional east-west routes would relieve the congested situa-
tion expected along Palomar Airport Road. However, without such a route, this
intersection wilJ operate under very congested conditions. It must also be
emphasized that this congestion occurs even using only partial "ultimate"
traffic volumes.
Mr. Pringle has prepared an analysis of the proposed realignment of Los
Monos. He has concluded that, while this may provide additional east-we·st
street capacity west of Melrose, it will not provide any major relief to the
Palomar Airport Road/Melrose Avenue intersection. •
Intersection s·pacing. In add it ion to intersection capac-
ity, intersection spacing along the arterials affects their operation. The
City of Carlsbad Street Design Standards require 2,600 feet between intersec-
tions on prime major artel"ials and 600 feet on secondary arterials. These
standards are met on Carrillo Way and on Palomar Airport Road. However, on
:
1
0 Melrose Avenue there are two intersecti.ons which do not meet these criteria.
An intersection is proposed on Mel rose Avenue approximately 1,600 feet
south of Palomar Airport Road and 1,600 feet north of Carrillo Way. This
intersection is proposed in order to provide access to the planned development
on both sides of Melrose Avenue. According to the traffic study, due to ter-
O rain and other development-constraints, sufficient access cannot be provided
without this intersection. The traffic study further states that, while not
meeting the City standard, it does provide a reasonable spacing of greater
than a quarter-mile. According to Weston Pringle and Associates, such spacing
is not unusual in developed areas and satisfactory traffic movement can be
1 obtained. William Stracker, the City's consulting traffic engineer, disagrees
0 and states in a memo dated December 1, 1980 (Appendix F) that "standard inter-
section spacing on Melrose should be maintained."
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
l,Q
I .
0
0
TABLE H
ICU SUMMARY
Intersection
Palomar Airport Road
and Melrose Avenue
Carril lo Way and
Melrose Avenue
53
Project Completion
(Figure 13) tcul Level of Service!
0.81 D
0.45 A
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Project with Adjacent
Development
(Figure 14) !cul Level of Service!
1.04 F
0.79 C
lAn explanation of ICU analysis and Level of Service is located in Appendix
E of this report.
-------~------'----------------------------
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
54
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In addition, a second "right turn in and out onl/1 access is proposed on
Melrose south of Carrillo Way. With the provision of deceleration and accel-
eration lanes, this access should not impact traffic flow on Melrose Avenue.
Again, however, the City's traffi.c consultant disagrees.
The area north of Palomar Airport Road along Melrose Avenue conforms to
City of Carlsbad standards, with intersections on Melrose Avenue and Palomar
Airport Road 2,600 .feet apart .
. The City Engineering Department has recommended that Palomar Airport Road
and Melrose Avenue be realigned in order to improve the horizontal alignment
and intersection spacing on Mel rose. The app 1 icants 1• engineer, Rick Engineer-
ing Company, has reviewed this alternative and identified some potential prob-
lems. While improved intersection spacing is achieved southerly of Palomar
Airport Road, intersection spacing· prob 1 ems develop to the north. In add i-
t ion, Rick Engineering believes that the realignment 'I.Ould result in vertical
and horizontal alignment problems.
Primary access to the industrial area is proposed from the street ( Indus-
trial Way) which connects Palomar Airport Road and Mel rose Avenue near the
western property 1 ine. A secondary right-turn-only access to the industrial
area is provided on Melrose Avenue. Driveways are proposed for right-turn in
and out only. The City Engineering Department states that the secondary
access point and the driveways will not be permitted (memo from Richard Allen
to Pat Tessier, February 23, 1981).
Intersection Signalization. The traffic study ·al so examin-
ed the need for intersection signalization resulting from development of .the
Rancho Carrillo project. Based on a traffic signal warrant analysis• (discuss-
ed in Appendix E) conducted by Weston Pringle and Associates, the following
intersections will require signalization:
Palomar Airport Road and Industrial Way (west collector)
Palomar Airport Road and Melrose Avenue
Melrose Avenue and collector south of Palomar Airport Road
Melrose Avenue and Carrillo Way
0nsite Circulation Analysis. Figure 11 illustrates the
basic onsite circulation system. This onsite system was reviewed with respect
to traffic operations .and safety. Daily volumes are indicated in Figure 14.
All projected volumes are within the 5,000 dai-ly volume for collector street·s
indicated in the City's standards with two exceptions. The first is the west
connection to Palomar Airport Road. The 8,100 daily trips on the segment
indicate tha~ a four-lane facili'ty would be required between Palomar Airport
-------------,--------------------------------------------
0
9
0
0
0
0
0
.o
0
0
0
55
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Road and the first intersection within the project. Also, it indicates that a
left, through, and right-turn lane would be required at the intersection with
Palomar Airport Road. The second is a local street extending south from Car-
ri 11 o Way west of Mel rose Avenue which shows an ultimate volume of 5,600 (with
the school site being converted to residential uses).
The internal street system is designed with no four-leg intersect i ans,
which is a desirable feature with respect to safety. In general, there are no
cul-de-sacs of excessive length within the project. An exception is the area
in the southeast quadrant of Palomar Airport Road and Melrose Avenue. Access
restrictions on the adjacent arterials, terrain, and site· boundaries result in
a single access to this area. This may restrict necessary emergency access.
Consequently, some type of emergency access may be necessary to satisfy fire
and police needs. •
Project Phasing. The Weston Pringle and Associates traffic
report studied the phasing of development and associated phasing of the neces-
sary road improvements. The fa 11 owing is the phasing p 1 an proposed by the
project applicant in the Weston Pringle traffic study. Please refer to Figure
6 for the location of various phases.
Phase
Green
Red
Orange
Brown
Blue
Description
148 dwelling units
99 dwelling units
755 dwelling units
263 dwelling units
1,733 ~welling units
Circulation Improvements
Full El Fuerte within project
boundaries
Full Melrose Avenue from Car-
rillo Way to southern boundary
Improve half of Palomar Airport
Road within boundaries of the
project and improve Me 1 rose Ave-
nue from Palomar Airport Road
south to first intersection.
Traffic sig.nal at Palomar Air-
port Road and Melrose Avenue.
None
Full improvement of Melrose Ave-
nue from first intersection
south of Palomar Airport Road to
Carrillo Way. Full improvement
of Carrillo Way from Melrose
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
I
I I
• 56
Purple Industrial/commercial
Avenue to west boundary. Traf-
fic signal at Carrillo Way and
Melrose.
Improve half of Palomar Airport
Road and Mel rose Avenue from
Palomar Airport Road to north
boundary.
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As described in the Rancho Carrillo Master Plan on Page 47, "each phase
is independent with the exception of grading. Residential certificates of
occupancy within each phase boundary shall not occur until the backbone water,
sanitary sewer, and storm drain facilities shown on the Public Facility Maps,
and the major circulation components listed ... are in place within each phase
boundary."
However, the City's traffic engineer was not sat-isfied with this phasing
program, both in timing and the extensiveness of the necessary improvements.
The following is the recommended phasing improvement program· suggested by the
City's traffic engineer (Appendix F).
Phase
Green
Red
Orange
Brown
Blue
Circulation Improvements
El Fuerte Street -full improvements and signal at
Alga Road
Melrose Avenue -full improvements from Carrillo Way
to Alga Road
Alga Road -half-street improvements from Melrose
Avenue to El Fuerte
Palomar Airport Road -full improvements from Melrose
Avenue to west boundary and half improvements east of
Melrose
Melrose Avenue -full improvements from Palomar Air-
port Road to· Carril lo Way
El Fuerte Street -full improvements from Palomar
Airport Road to first street from development
Melrose Avenue -full improvements from Carril lo Way
to Alga Road
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
57
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Carrillo Way -full improvements within project
Traffic signals at Carrillo Way/Melrose and El Fuerte
Street
Purple
Traffic signal at Palomar Airport Road and El Fuerte
Street (one-fourth responsibility of Rancho Carrillo)
Improve half of Palomar Airport Road and Melrose Ave-
nue from Palomar Airport Road to north boundary
This list is an attempt by the City's traffic engineer to make each phase
truly independent since the project applicant is not proposing any sequence of
development. The phasing program suggested by the City would allow any phase
to proceed independent of any other phase. Howe,ver, as may be apparent, as
one or two phases are constructed, many of the improvements listed for a
subsequent phase will have already been constructed.
Mitigation Measures. The following mitigation meas-ures are necessary
to resolve the remaining differences of opinion between the project applicants
and the City Engineering Department, and to otherwise mitigate the potential
impacts of the project.
23. The roadway alignments shown on the General Plan Amendment
and on the Master Plan should be considered as conceptual
alignments only. Prior to final approval of the Rancho
Carrillo Master Plan, the applicants and the City shall
conduct an engineering study to determine fi na 1 a 1, i gn-
ments. This study shall focus specifically on the fol-
lowing:
a. The alignment of Palomar Airport Road through the
project site.
b. The a 1 i gnment of Me 1 rose Avenue from the southern
boundary of Rancho Carri 11 o to. the City boundary
north of the Carlsbad Raceway.
c. The location and geometrics of all major intersec-
tions on Palomar Airport Road and Melrose Avenue.
d. The location and geometrics of all secondary intersec-
tions and access points on Palomar Airport Road and
Melrose Avenue.
0
0
0
0
58
24. Prior to approval of any tentative tract map, a phasing
plan and improvement schedule for the entire Rancho Car-:-
ri llo Master Plan shall be finalized and approved by the
City.
25. As recommended in the traffic study, the following inter-
sections will be signalized by the developer:
Palomar Airport Road and Industrial Way (west collector)
Palomar Airport Road and Melrose Avenue
O Melrose Avenue and collector south of Palomar Airport Road
Melrose Avenue and Carril lo Way
0
0
0
0
0
0
These will be installed according to the phasing plan and
improvement schedule required by Mitigation Measure #24.
26. The intersect ion of Melrose Avenue and Palomar Airport
Road should include provisions for lanes as indicated
below:·
Movement
Northbound through
Northbound right
Northbound left
Southbound through
Southbound right
Southbound left
Eastbound through
Eastbound right
Eastbound left
Westbound through
Westbound right
Westbound left
Lane Requirements
Project Completion Ultimate
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
3
1
1
3
1
2
27. The west connector to'Palomar Airport Road fr-om the south
portion of Rancho Carrillo should have provisions for four
lanes south to the first intersection.
28. The intern a 1 street system (including intersect ions and
access routes) should be examined when tentative tract
maps are available for review.
29. During review of the Master P 1 an and subsequent 1 eve 1 s of
design, the police and fire departments should· review the
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0 ,
0
'
0 r
0
0
0
0
0
0
59
circulation system to assure proper and safe emergency
access to the development.
30. The City should review the feasibility of providing an
1 alternative east-west route to Palomar Airport Road.
AIR QUALITY
lsa
An air quality analysis was conducted for the project location to assess
potential air quality impacts from the project. This study appears in its
entirety in Appendix G.
Setting. • The climate of Rancho Carrillo, as in most of Southern Cal-
ifornia, 1s controlled. largely by the strength and position of the subtropical
high-pressure center over the Pacific Ocean. The high pressure is associated
with warm, dry, sinking air that blocks out most mid-1 at itude storms and
drives the prevailing onshore breezes. As a result, local climatic conditions
are characterized by warm, dry ·sunmers, mild winters, infrequent rainfall in
the winter when. the high is weakest and farthest south, and refreshing ocean
breezes. The si-nking -air, unfortunately, creates a massive temperature inver-
sion that prevents effective vertical ventilation of the air. When the air
po 11 utant emissions are trapped by the temperature inversions, Southern Cali -
fornia experiences some of the most unhealthful air quality in the entire
nation.
Temperatures near Rancho Carrillo average 60 .. F annually, with cool surrmer
averages of 68 .. F and winters averaging 54 .. F. Rainfall· is highly variable,
falling almost all between late November and early April. Average annual
rainfall is ten inches, but precipitation is so variable that monthly totals
in a wet year may exceed the annual total average.
Wind data from the nearby Palomar Airport show that for most of the year
winds from the southwest through northwest dominate, except in winter when
nocturnal winds reverse the flow and blow offshore. During surrrner days,
emissions generated in Carlsbad are blown far inland by strong sea breezes and
are dispersed over the central range. In winter, especially at night, off-
shore winds and weaker onshore winds balance such that some ·1ocalized pollu-
tion stagnation occurs. With clean ocean air usually blowing across .. North
County, and with considerable open space and limited emissions sources, air
quality near the project is usually healthful and among the best in the Coun-
ty. At times, however, polluted air from the Los Angeles Basin drifts south-
eastward offshore at night, and then comes onshore across the North County
area the next day. These episodes of unhealthful air are responsible for some
of the worst conditions observed in San Di ego County in the last decade.
0
0
0
.0
i
I
0
0
0
0
0
0
60
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Particulates and ozone often exceed Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS).
As shown in Table I, the episodes of very poor air quality are evident in
measurements at the San Diego Air Pollution Control District station at Ocean-
side. The Oceanside and Solano Beach stations recorded the only second-stage
photochemical smog episode in the County in almost ten years. These episodes
are, fortunately, Jnfrequent.
NOx, S02 and CO, the pollutant species usually linked to local pollu-
tion sources, are typically below AAQS levels because there are only limited
sources of these pollutants in North County. .Ambient air quality problems
near the site are, therefore, the result of pollutants carried into the area
from other source regions.
Impacts·. There are three general sources of air resource impacts
associated with the project. These sources are vehicle emissions, impacts
related to construction activities, and stationary pollution sources.
Vehicle Emissions. The major air quality impact from the devel-
opment would result from the dependence on the automobile as the primary means
of transportation. At project buildout, Rancho Carrillo will generate 53,840
vehicle trips per day. At an estimated average of eight miles per trip,
430,720 vehicle miles traveled (VMT) will be generated by the site. Rancho
Carrillo will, therefore, ultimately be responsible for about 1% of the esti-
mated 40 million VMT (CPO, 1980) of all traffic within the San Diego Air
Basin.
Population projections for the proposed development are consistent with
the Series IV and Series V population projections. Consequently, project-
related population growth and estimated VMT should be consistent with those
used for the RAQS. These figures are based on surrrning residential, commer-
cial, industrial, and institutional .. trips separately. Actual trips that are
multi-purpose are, therefore, counted twice in the estimation which, as a
result, is overly conservative. Estimates also include the more conservative
assumption that all residents shop and work outside the project boundaries.
Using these figures and assuming a linear phasing of the project with
completion by 1995, the calculated emissions total as shown in Table J. At
buildout, Rancho Carrillo traffic will contribute six tons of CO, one ton of
( . NOx, 0.7 ton of hydrocarbons, and small amounts of S02 and particulates.
The additi.onal increment from a possible school site conversion represents a
10% increase above these figures.
Table K illustrates that, at completion, Rancho Carrillo will contribute
from 0.54 to 0.70% of the entire basin's burden of the main vehicular pollut-
ants indicated at the 1987 target date. The fact that impacts from Rancho•
Carrillo's traffic emissions alone represent .5% of all air pollution, from
0
0 TABLE I 61
CARLSBAD AREA AIR QUALITY SUMMARY
lsa
lo
1976 1977 1978 1979 I 1975 \ Days Days Days Days Days
Over Hr.* Over Hr.* Over Hr.* Over Hr.* Over Hr.*
Po 11 utant Standards Std. Max. Std. Max. Std. Max. Std. Max. Std. Max.
0 Ozone
1 hr > 0.08 ppm 43 0.19 69 0.29 87 0.25 71 0.35 0.36
1 hr > 0.10 ppm 0.19 0.29 61 0.25 51 0.35 45 0.36
1 hr> 0.12 ppm 0.19 0.29 22 0.25 20 0.35 22 0.36
1 hr 2 0.20 ppm 0 0.19 0.29 2 0.25 5 0.35 7 0.36
0 Nitrogen dioxide
1 hr 2 0.25 ppm 1 0.31 4 0.33 2 0.36 2 0.32 0 0.21
Carbon monoxide
8 hrs > 9 ppm 0 10 0 10 o 8 0 9 o 10
0 Hydrocarbons
3 hrs > 0.24 ppm 179 4.0 222 4.2 243 4.5 211 4.0
Sulfur dioxide
1 hr ~ 0.50 ppm 0 0.03 o 0.06 0 0 0.03 0 0.06
0 Particulates
24 hrs> 100 ug/m3 25% 172 20% 146· 21% 173 40% 219 33% 180 Annual > 60 J.Jg/m3 -83 82 82 88 85
0 *In ppm, except for particulates in .ug/m3
Source: San Diego APCD, 1975-79
0
0
0
0
I
0 TABLE J 62
RANCHO CARRILLO VEHICULAR
EMISSIONS iroNS7DAY) lsa
0
1985 1990 1995
BASE PROJECT
0 Hydrocarbons
VMT-related 0.09 0.22 0.29
Trip-related 0.13 0.33 0.40
TOTAL 0.22 0.55 0.69
o-
Carbon monoxide
VMT -re 1 ated 1.18 2.79 3.49
Trip-related 0.77 2.06 2.69
TOTAL 1.95 4.87 6.18 0
Oxides of nitrogen 0.26 0.72 0.96
Oxides of sulfur 0.02 a.as 0.07
0 Part i cu 1 ates 0.03 0.10 0.13
BASE AND ADDITIONAL POSSIBLE
0
Hydrocarbons
VMT-re 1 ated 0.09 0.23 0.30 Trip-related 0.14 0.33 0.40
TOTAL 0.23 0.56 0.70
0 Carbon monoxide
VMT-re 1 ated 1.20 2.85 3.55
Trip-related 0.78 2.10 2.74
I TOTAL 1.98 4.95 6.29
!o
Oxides of nitrogen 0.26 0.74 0.98
Oxides of SU 1 fur 0.02 a.as 0.07
Particulates 0.03 0.10 0.13 0
0
0 TABLE K 63
RANCHO CARRILLO VEHICULAR EMISSIONS
BASIN BURDEN ANALYSIS lsa
0
Hydro-Carbon Oxides of
carbons Monoxide Nitrogen Particulates
Base project emissions (1995) 0.69 6.18 0.96 0.13
0 Base and school site I emissions (1995) 0.70 6.29 0.98 0.13
1974/75 RAQS base year 279 1221 187 361 ,
0 1987 target at attainment 127 887 150 291
Base/1987 target(%) 0.54 0.70 0.64 0.04
Base and schoo 1 site/
1987 target ( %) 0.55 0.71 0.65 0.04
0
0
0
0
0
----------------------------------------------
0
p
0
0
0
I
10
0
0
0
0
64
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both mobile and stationary sources in the basin, indicates that this project,
in conjunction with similar developments in the basin, will have a significant
impact on regional air quality.
Construction Impacts. In addition to vehicular emissions, dust
generated during construction activities and combustion of fossil fuels
related to construction will originate from the project. Impacts of such
sources tend to be less severe, more localized, and somewhat more easily con-
trolled than those of other sources. Of all construction activities, genera-
tion of fugitive dust from soil disturbance is by far the greatest concern.
Although project phasing is not known, it is possible, based on examples of
other projects, to estimate the length of the project's construction phases
for the purposes of calculating construction-phase impacts. Based on a total
project phasing of ten years and an average individual project-intensive con-
struction period of six months, approximately 40 acres wi·ll be undergoing con-
struction at any one time. The associated fugitive dust emission factor of
1.2 ton per acre per month can be reduced by about one-half through dust sup-
press ion measures to achieve a total daily emission rate of 0.8 ton of dust
per day.
A portion of this dust will remaln suspended and mix with the several
hundred tons of particulates emitted within the air basin each day. Compared
to regional emission levels, project-related emissions are nominal, a{ld the
regional ambient air quality impact will be small. ·Construction dust is
typically chemically inert, of large particle diameter easily filtered in the
human respiratory tract, and therefore less unhealthfur than other urban
pollutants absorbed into the bloodstream.
Most of the dust emitted will settle on surfaces near and downwind of the
site. This impact is not considered significantly unhealthful, but a local
soiling nuisance.
Combustion emissions from heavy-duty equipment during construction will
also impact air quality very locally. Such emissions are extremely small com-
pared to the emissions resulting from 254 million vehicle miles in the County
daily. Localized nuisance may result from diesel exhaust and its odor, but
ambient air quality impacts from construction emissions will almost never be
observed.
Stationary Source Im~acts. The project wi 11 result in increased
energy consumption. Using SDG& consumption figures for various land uses and
dwelling sizes, Rancho Carrillo's estimated energy needs will be 67.8 million
KWH and 396 million cubic feet of natural gas per year. About one-half of
I
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
65
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SDG&E electricity is generated by burning oil, which will cause additonal air
pollution. The project-related stationary source emissions are shown in Table
L. The emissions are minimal compared to quantities of vehicular emissions in
the air basin. The impact on ambient air quality will be correspondingly
sma 11 .
Mitigation Measures.
Vehicular Impacts.
31. The use of alternate transportation modes wi 11 be encour-
aged by the inclusion of bus facilities, public bikeways,
and walkways in the site plan.
32. The Master Plan includes provisions for a variety of com-
patible land use types such as housing, employment, recre-
ation, and commercial opportunities within the Rancho Car-
rillo conmunity to promote intra-community travel.
Construction Impacts.
33. Dust suppression measures, such as regular watering, grad-
ing in the spring when soil moisture is high, and early
paving of roads, will be implemented to reduce air pollu-
tion during construction and grading.
Stationary Source Impacts.
34. The project developer shall include, to the fullest extent
possible, design features that reduce energy consumption
through conservation or the use of alternative less pol-
luting energy sources such as solar-assisted heating_ sys-
tems and the inclusion of wiring, plumbing, and roof load-
bearing design for future active solar co 11 ector systems.
Those features considered wi 11 be presented and revi e.wed
at the submittal of the tentative map.
These measures should adequately mitigate construction-related impacts.
However, they will only slightly mitigate the expected increase. in pollutants
·to be generated by this project. This project will contribute to the cumula-
.tive impact on air quality resulting from development of the region.
0
0 TABLE L 66
I RANCHO CARRILLO STATIONARY SOURCE
E~I55i0NS {iONS7DAYl lsa
0
Electrical
Po 11 utant Generation Natural Gas Use Total
Sulfur dioxide 0.17
0
Negligible 0 .17
Hydroc arbori s Negligible Negligible Negligible
Oxides of nitrogen 0.11 a.as 0.16
Particulates 0.03 0.01 0.04
0
Carbon monoxide 0.02 0.01 0.03
0
0
0
0
Q
0
------,-------------------------------------------
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
67
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ENERGY
Setting. The ·current consumption of non-renewable energy resources on
Rancho Carrillo property is negligible. As the property is developed, the
onsite electrical and natural gas demand and vehicular fuels will constitute a
significant energy demand in an era of rapidly declining resources.
The coastal environment of Southern California fortunately offers a con-
siderable opportunity to minimize energy demand because of a very mild cli-
mate. Cool sunmer breezes reduce air--conditioning demand, mild winters reduce
heat loads, and abundant sunshine, especially in inland valleys away from
coastal clouds, offer considerable possibilities for solar-assisted energy
systems. Compared to other areas of California and the nation, the San Diego
area has almost the lowest climatically-induced (hot or cold weather) • energy
demand.
Impacts. Upon project .completion,
sources of fess i 1-fue 1 ed energy consumption.
there will be three principal
These include: •
1. Electrical energy utilization met by combustion of oil, gas,
or coal in fossil-fueled power plants.
2. 0nsite natural gas combustion for heating, cooking, or hot
water.
3. Automotive fuels and lubricants to meet project-related
transportation needs.
Standard energy demand estimates can be made using consumption factors
derived from SDG&E experience in ·energy supply and vehicular performance char-
acteristics. These consumption factors are based on historical performance
and, therefore, do not reflect the marked trend, toward conservation created by
limited supply and spiraling costs of energy resources. Using somewhat
conservative consumption (over-predictive) estimates yields the following
project-related energy demand:
Electricity -67,755 MWH/year
Natural gas -4,170,000 therms natural gas/year
Gasoline -.5,250,000 gallons/year
SDG&E has indicated in its future energy supply pl_ans that it can keep
pace with area growth and that there will be a significant decline in basin-
wide oil and gas use within the next decade for electrical generation. Given,
however, the rapidly rising cost of electricity, every effort should be made
to reduce energy consumption through ·aggressive conservation measures.
0
0
0
0
ro
I !
I
0
0.
0
I
0
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NOISE
68
Mitigation Measures.
35. The devel aper sha 11 incorporate into project design as
much as possible energy conservation features such as
solar water heating for swimming pools, weatherization
(double glazing, attic ventilation, insulation), orienta-
tion of houses to allow. later solarization, increased
slopes of south-facing roofs, and plumbing for retrofit of
solar facilities. The provision for such features will be
reviewed by the City at the time of submittal of the tent-
ative map.
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A noise analysis was completed by Bioacoustical Engineering Corporation
(BAEC) on December 18, 1980. The complete report is included in its -entirety
in Appendix H. Major findings of the report are summarized below. An addi-
tional noise study was conducted by Vince Mestre Associates in 1981 to esti-
mate. the expected findings of the ANCLUC noise. study as it wi 11 rel ate to
Palomar Airport. This study is included in Appendix J.
Setting.
Noise Criteria. Several rating scales have been developed for
measuring community noise. The predominant rating scale now in use in Cali-
fornia for land use compatibility assessment is the Community Noise Equivalent
Level (CNEL). The CNEL scale is based on the A-w~ighted decibel. A-weighting
is a frequency correction that correlates overall sound pressure levels with
the frequency of response of the human ear.
CNEL is a 24-hour, time-weighted annual average noise 1 evel. Time-
weighted refers to the fact that noise which occurs during certain sensitive
time periods is penalized for occurring at those times .. The evening time per-
iod (7 p.m. to 10 p.m.) penalizes noises by 5 dB, while nighttime (10 p.m. to
7 a.m.) noises are penalized by 10 dB. These time periods and penalties were
selected to reflect people's sensitivity to noise as a function of activity.
The criterion used to assess the acceptability of community noise levels
can vary with the municipality. Most communities use 65 CNEL as the critical
criterion for assessing the compatibility of residential land uses with noise
sources. The Noise Element of. the General Plan for the City of Carlsbad
requires that noise levels in the exterior living areas (yards and patios) for
residential land uses do not exceed 65 CNEL. In addition, for multi-family
residential projects, the California Noise Insulation Standard (California
Administrative Code, Title 25, Chapter 1, Subchapter 1, Article 4) requires
0
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0
0
0
0
10
0
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I i
0
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io
I
!
69
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that the interior noise levels in the residential living spaces not exceed a
CNEL of 45. The City of Ca~lsbad also applies this interior noise standard to
single-family residential homes.
Existing Noise Environment. Virtµally all of the Rancho Car-
rillo project site and the immediate vicinity is presently undeveloped and
contains no noise-sensitive land uses (i.e., residences, hospitals, schools).
The few exceptions to this are the existing homes along El Fuerte Street and
Alga Road south of the project.
Onsite eval uati ans of the current outside noise environment throughout
the Rancho Carrillo development site were made by BAEC from January 18, 1980
through January 20, 1980 (Friday-Sunday). These evaluations indicate that the
principal existing sources of noise•include:
1. Aircraft activities associated with Pafomar Airport,
2. Motor vehicle activities along Palomar Airport Road,
3. Dragster races at Carlsbad Raceway, and
4. Motocross races at Carlsbad Raceway.
The existing noise exposure from each of these primary noise sources is dis-
cussed in the following sections.
Current Aircraft-Related Noise Exposure. Analysis of I the
existing noise exposure from current aircraft operations associated with Palo-
mar Airport was made on the basis of fie 1 d measurements at two points on the
project site and from field data collected for similar aircraft approaching
John Wayne Airport in Orange County.
During the onsite field measurements, three primary aircraft flight paths
were observed. Aircraft .were observed an: (1) a straight-in approach path,
traveling west parallel to and north of Palomar Airport Road; (2) a loop path,
where the aircraft depart the airport to the west and ci rel e to the south,
returning back to the approach end of the airport; and ( 3) a fly-by pa.th,
traveling at random di recti ans over the property. Figure 15 i 11 ustrates a
rough approximation of the three flight paths as they re 1 ate to the Rancho
Carrillo properties.
According to the Comprehensive Land Use Plan for Palomar Airport (CPO,
May 1974), three aircraft types use the airport. Single and twin-engine pro-
peller aircraft are two types which comprise the majority of aircraft using
the airport. In addition, business jets, ·both private and small commercial,
operate at the airport.
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70
.15
Palomar Airport Flight Paths
. G)@ Noise Measurement Locati ans
Source: 3ioacoustical Enq. Corp.
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JEC1
ITE ,
---____ _; ~--\
I r-···JL.y-.::ay
' '
• N
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0
0
0
0
0
10
!
I
0
71
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BAEC assumed an annual flight count of 268,418 operations (approximately
1,000 aper at i ans each weekend day and an average of 630 aper at i ans per week-
day). The current fleet mix is roughly 85% single-engine propeller aircraft,
12.5% twin-engine propeller aircraft, and 2.5% business jet aircraft.
Approximately 94.5% of all operations occur during the daytime hours (7
a .m. to 7 p .m.), 5% occur during evening hours (7 p .m. to 10 p .m.), and . 5%
occur during nighttime hours (10 p.m. to 7 a.m.).
For the purposes of this study, it was assumed that 25% of all weekend
traffic and 40% of all weekday traffic typically fly the straight-in approach.
Approximately 65% of all weekend traffic and 50% of all weekday traffic use
the loop flight path. In addition, 10% of both weekend and .weekday traffic
use the fly-by flight path. It was assumed that a 11 business jets use the
straight-in path only.
' Based on these assumptions and the single-event noise levels (SEL)
recorded· onsite, the current weekday and weekend aircraft CNEL exposures were
calculated for the two measurement locations onsite. Results are shown in
Table M. This table indicates that on weekdays the project site is exposed to
noise levels ranging from 47.6 CNEL to 51.5 CNEL. It also shows that on the
weekend the site is exposed to noise levels ranging from 49.1 CNEL to 52.8
CNEL.
Current Motor Vehicle-Related Noise Exposure. Traffic on
Palomar Airport Road represents the principal source of current motor vehicle
noise exposure. Noise measurements were conducted along Palomar Airport Road
on Friday, January 18, -1980. These measurements indicate that the noise level
at 50 feet from the roadway centerline is 71. 9 dB CNEL. The noise 1 ev_el at
100 feet from the centerline is 67.4 dB CNEL.
Current Carlsbad Raceway Dragster Noise Impact. Carlsbad
Raceway is located just north of the proposed development property. Each Sat-
urday, weather permitting, drag races occur between the hours of 7 p.rn. and 11
p.rn. Onsite noise measurements were conducted between 8 p.m. and 9:30 p.rn.
on Saturday, January 19, 1980. Measurement Site 1 was roughly 2,300 feet from
the drag strip. Measurement Site 2 was roughly 4,200 feet from the racetrack.
Subjective listening during each 10 to 15-second race indicated that the drag-
sters produced a very limited noise impact.
Based on the "worst-case 11 single-event level (SEL) value, the CNEL expo-
sure from dragster operations is 41.9 dB CNEL south of Palomar Airport Road.
0
0 TABLE M 72
CURRENT AIRCRAFT-RELATED WEEKDAY
AND WEEKEND CNEL EXPOSURES lsa
0
Total
Single-Engine Twin-Engine Aircraft
Measurement Propeller Propeller Business Jet Noise
Site Number Noise ·Impact Noise Impact Noise Impact Impact
0 {Figure 15} {dB CNELi {dB CNEL} {dB CNEL} { dB CNEL}
CURRENT WEEKDAY EXPOSURE
1 45.3 46.6 47.8 51.5
2 42.9 41.4 43.9 47.6
0
CURRENT WEEKEND EXPOSURE.
1 46.2 47.2 49.8 52.8
2 43.9 42.3 45.9 49.1
0
Source: Bioacoustical Engineering Corp.
0
0
0
0
-----------------------------------------
1
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0
0
0
0
0
0
73
Current Carlsbad Raceway Motocross ·Noise Impact.
racing activity occurs at the Carlsbad Raceway on Sunday from as
a.m. to 5 p.m. Motocross involves off-road motorcycles in groups
15 vehicles per race. Noise measurements were conducted in late
Sunday, January 20, 1980.
lsa
Motocross
early as 8
of roughly
morning on
Subjective listening at the two measurement points indicated that the
motocross sound levels were barely perceptible at the two measurement points.
The ."worst-case" analysis indicates a CNEL exposure from Sunday motocross
activity to be 48.7 dB CNEL.
Impacts.
Construction-Related Noise Impacts. There will be a short-term
impact on ambient noise levels as a result of temporary construction-related
noise. Noise generated by construction equipment, including jack hamners,
trucks, rock drills, concrete mixers, blasting, and portable generators, can
reach substantial levels. The only potential for problems exists with the
residential development north of the property and with future residential
development onsite as the property develops in different phases.
Future Noise. Environment. Review of the proposed Rancho Car-
rillo Planned Community and land use plans for the surrounding area indicates
that the property will continue to be exposed to multiple noise sources in the
future. Palomar Airport will continue to operate •with the potential for
increased operations. Palomar Airport Road will be widened and will experi-
ence a s~bstantial increase in traffic (both project-related and non-project-
related). It is expected that operations and resulting noise impacts from
Carlsbad Raceway wi 11 remain relatively the same.
Overall, the project site· is expected to be subject to a greater noise
exposure level than is currently experienced. The noise exposure from each
primary noise source is discussed in the following sections.
Future Aircraft~Related Noise Exposure. The Palomar Air-
port Comprehensive Land Use Pl an i nd1 cat es that the 1990 annual operations
count may increase to 435,000. Mr. Lacy Clark (Palomar Airport Assistant Man-
ager) indicated that this count may be greater than what will probably be
realized. However, 435,000 annual operations will be used as a "worst-case"
estimate.
It is assumed that· the future percentage of aircraft operating on week-
ends and weekdays wi 11 be same as the current percentage. This ass um pt ion
indicates an average future weekend aircraft count of 1,631 per day and a_n
average weekday count of 1,021 per day.
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74
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The Palomar ·Airport Comprehensive Land Use Plan indicates that the cur-
rent fleet mix wi 11 change in future years~ The 1990 fleet mix is projected
to ··be 75% single-engine propeller aircraft, 22% twin-engine propeller air-
, craft, and 3% business jet aircraft. It is assumed that the day/evening/
nighttime operation split will remain relatively unchanged over the next
decade.
It is also assum~d that the future flight path usage split will be the
same as the split for current usage. Weekday flight path operation split will
be 40% straight-in, 50% loop, and 10% fly-by. The future weekend flight path
operation split is expected to be 25% straight-in, 65% loop, and 10% fly-by.
'
Table N shows the results of the noise analysis for future weekday and
weekend aircraft CNEL exposure at Site 1 and Site 2 on the property. Compari-
son of Tables M and N indicates a· 3.0 to 3.2 dB CNEL increase from current
weekday exposure levels to future weekday exposure levels. Comparison of the
tables also indicates a 3.0 to 3.2 dB CNEL increase from current weekend expo-
sure levels to future weekend exposure levels.
Future Motor Vehicle Noise Exposure. As described in the.
Circulation Section of this EIR,. traffic volumes along Palomar Airport Road
and through the ·project site will greatly increase over the next ten years.
Motgr vehicle-related noise levels will comprise a major portion of the noise
exposure levels on the Rancho Carrillo properties as a whole. The traffic
volumes depicted in Figure 14 of the Circulation section were used as the
basis for projecting future (1990) noise exposure levels. As depicted, the
traffic study presents two future daily traffic volumes. The first case
includes existing traffic,. project-related traffic, and adjacent development
traffic (Carlsbad Oaks and La Costa). The second case is identical to the
first except for the addition of traffic related to a density housing bonus
and school site conversion plan. For purposes of discussion, the two future
traffic volumes are referred to as "Ultimate Traffic Without Density Bonus 11
and "Ultimate Traffic With Density Bonus."
Table O delineates the roadway parameter values utilized for the noise
analysis derived from the traffic report and discussions with Weston Pringle
of Weston Pringle and Associates. Table O makes reference to roadway sections
by a letter and number designation which is illustrated in Figure 16.
The noise analysis included calculations of the expected future noise
impact, with and without a d€nsity bonus, for each roadway segment illustrated
in Figure 16. Table P presents the results of these calculations. As indi-
cated by Table P, there is no significant difference between the two cases ..
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TABLE N
FUTURE AIRCRAFT WEEKDAY ANO
WEEKEND CNEL EXPOSUREsl
Single-Engine
Measurement Propeller
Site Number Noise Impact
(Fi 9ure 15} {dB CNEL}
CURRENT WEEKDAY EXPOSURE
1 46.9
2 44.5
CURRENT WEEKEND EXPOSURE
1 47.8
2 45.5
75
Twin-Engine
Propeller
Noise Impact
(dB CNEL}
51.1
45.8
51.9
46.9
Source: Bioacoustical Engineering Corp.
1sased on estimated 1990 aircraft operation counts.
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Total
Aircraft
Business Jet Noise
Noise Impact Impact
{dB CNEL} {dB CNEL}
50.8 54.7
46.9 50.6
52.8 56.0
48.9 52.1
I I
I io
I
0 TABLE 0 76
FUTURE ROADWAY PARAMETER VALUES
lsa
0
0
0
0
0
I I I ! I 10ad"11ay i ?.cadway I ~:.:::.=ace ~'l' I ?ercent Travel Speed ~wrl:er 0f
Sec-::..:n i ?ieavy T::af-:ic I
l -, I Wit~0UC I • ~iit~ I :.anes
I ( see ;:-:G. ::ensi-:y I :ensi~y -=~c:lcs
i -~ I I
I :lcnus 3cnt:s I '
I i I I I ";alc='.ar I :ll. I 39200 i 4l:!OO s, 40 :-!PH 6
:.i:':'0r! I n 37200 39100 s, I 40 MPH 6
?.caci I ?J 32900 33500 s, I 40 :-!PH 5
?4 42400 44200 s, I 40 ':1pg 5 I I 30 MPH i ?-5 aioo !C::300 I 112, 4
I
I I
l-!ea.:0se !-!l 2::3300 25100 I 31 40 ~H l 4 ... 20500 2.!.000 I
I ~vent:e ... I 31 40 MPH 4
~!3 24.:.co 26600 I 3\ 40 :1PH 4
I I I !·14 20l00 2l600 I 3\ 40 :1PH I 4
l-!5 I l.2900 .l::3600 3% 40 :-.PH· I 4
I
I
:-!6 ll200 1.:.soo 3' 40 :-!PH 4
!-!7 .!.0800 :.:..;:::io 31 40 l-!li'H 4 I :1-w 2500 3200 o, 25 :-<.Pl! 2 I !·!-E 2200 2700 I o, 25 :-!PH 2 I I i I I
,:ar:r.:.ll0 i --lSJOO 16.300 112, I JS !-'.PH I 4
way ,.. ll500 l.3300 I l/:Zl JS MPH i 4 --l ,... ll400 12200 l/2'\ ?5 )o!l'H I 4 • .1
' ,.,
! l0200 llJOO 11:, 3S :1PH 4 -· I i ---:.osoo i :.:sec l/2 ... 35 :-!PH 4 i -~ I
·== i l400 :.400 l/2 ... ;s :,U,H ..
I ! I i ..
I :-~9=: :zioo l 2400 0\ 2S :-!PH I 2
c-s~ i lSOO !900 o, is MPH 2
I C-NW I 3800 5000 o, 25 :-!PH 2
I c-s-.-4700 5400 o, 25 !-!PH 2 I I ' :-; i lOOO 1000 Oli ZS !-!PH 2 ; I 1· I
0 .:l Fuerte E:l . 12700 13600 1/2\ JS MPH ~
Str!!~C ::2 12800 -13700 ... l/2'\ JS MPH ,1
E:.3 4500 4800 l/:?'!1 35 MPH 4
C:4 3600 3600 l/:!., JS :-!PH 4
t-E 400 400 l/2'\ 25 :-!PH 2
.Uqa ,\l 2800 2800 l/2'\ JS MPH 4
?.oad A2 1800 1800 l/2\ 35 MPH 4
0
c~her 11.ll Under Under o, 25 MPH 2.
:n'!'l~ior Sections lS00 1500
! -=~~t!tS
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i I io
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0
0
0
0
77
16
Roadway Segment Location lsa
I
I t
I... . ... .
I \ ~ -
/ I' ~~---
/ " .,, --/
'rrr I ,I\)
I
I
I
C1 I 9l----------\.---
\t
-···-···-···-' ... ···-···-···.J
....
I I -···-· ·-···-···-···-··
cs
(')
I (/) rn
+ N
No scale
NOTE: Refer to table P for desription of noise levels at indica~ed
roadway segments.
Source: Bioacoustical Eng. Corp.
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TABLE P 78
FUTURE ROADWAY NOISE LEVELS
100 FEET FROM CENTERLINE lsa
'
I
I
Roadway Roadway rut-:.:re(Ultimate)Noise Impact .\t 100 :'ee~ f:om [
Section Centerline ' t
(see F!G. 15) I I 'ilit."l.out Density Bonus I 'ili t."I. Oer.sity Bonus i I i
Palomar Pl 70.2 dB CNEL I 70.4 dB CNEL I I Airi)ort P2 70 dB CNEL 70.2 dB CNEL I
Road P3 69.4 dB CNEL I 69.5 dB =~EL 1
P4 70.S dB CNEL 70.7 dB CNEL I P-S 55.8 dB CNEL 56.S dB CNEI.
Mel:ose Ml ·66.J dB CNEL 66.6 dB CNEL I t Avenue M2 65.8 dB CNEL 65. 9 dB C:-lEL
M3 66.S dB CNEL 66.9 dB CNEL
M4 65.7 dB CNEL 66 dB CNEL
MS 63. 7 dB CNEL 64 dB CNEL
M6 63.l dB CNEL 63.2 dB CNEL
M7 63 dB CNEL 63.l dB CNEL
M-W 47.3 dB CNEL 48.2 dB CNEL
M-E 46.6 dB CNEL 47 .5 dB CNEL
Carrillo Cl 60.2 dB C!JEL 60.5 dB CNEL
Way Cl 59 dB CNEL 59.6 dB CNEL
C:3 58.9 dB c:rar. 59.2 dB CNEL
C4 58.4 dB CNEL 58.9 dB CNEL cs 58.S dB CNEL 59 dB C:-lEL
C6 49.8 d::3 CNEL 49.8 dB CNEL c-m: 46.4 dB CNEL 47 dB CNEL
C-SE 44. 9· dB CNEL 46 dB CNEL
C-NW 49 dB CNEL 50.l dB CNEL c-sw so dB CNEL ·Sl.2 dB CNEL c-s 43.l dB CNEL 43.l dB CNEL
El Fuerte El S9.4 dB CNEL : S9.7 dB CNEL
St::"eet E2 ... 59.4 dB CNEL 59.7 dB C~lEL
EJ 54.9 dB-C::iEL 55.2 dB CNE:.
E4 S3.9 dB·CNEL 53.9 dB C~lEI.
E-E 39 . .2·dB-CNEL I 39.2 dB CNEL -I
Alqa Al 52.9 dB era:. I 52.S dB OlEL
?.cad .;2 50.9 dB CNEL I 50.9 :S C~JZ!. '
Ot.'ler ... 1 ' -~--44. 9 dB OIEL 44.9 dB ora:.
::i-c:.erior Sect:.::ms
St::"ee,:s .
• -::,,e :!:~.U-9 :ce:r-•rehi:le:s :,ci.se !...~ac:s ?resen~sC: !.--: :.~!s :able :spr~sa.-11: -·..o:'s-:•-e3se"
proje=i:ns. ~"l ~er~or.:iing 1:-~e !~:~:e :-:oisa ~~pac: cal.::-~lai:ions, :10 assu:::pi:icns ~e:a
:n&de ==r :'".:~U:-e :::c-cor-•re!'1ic:.le ;-.:ie~i.~g. Al :.~cuc;h ,,ehi:!es !.:i ~~e :· .. n:-:J:~ • ..,ill l.i.<ely
=e s0111e1o1hai: quiaca: -:~an =rrani: :::ociels, ~'le .analysi.s •,1as complei:ed .11s.sumi."lg :-:0 ;.::ar:;e
:'..."l ·,enic:la :ioise eci.s:sion ..
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
79
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As would be expected, traffic along Palomar Airport Road and Melrose Ave-
nue generates the highest noise levels. Carrillo Way, El Fuerte Street, Alga
Road, and other interior streets generate less noise impact.
Future motor vehicle noise impact· is projected to increase as little as
2 dBA along existing roadways and as much as 22 dBA along future roadways that
do not currently exist. This increase is due to both project-related traffic
and traffic generated from future projects in the vicinity (Carlsbad Oaks and
La Costa).
Future Carlsbad Raceway Dragster Noise Impact. It is
assumed that Carlsbad Raceway intends to operate for the i ndefi ni te future.
It is assumed the dragster and motocross operations will remain relatively
unchanged. Therefore, the current "worst-case" dragster noise impact of 41.9
dB CNEL and "worst-case" motocross noise impact of 48.7 dB CNEL will remain
the same in future years.
Summary Comparison of Current and Future Noise Exposure. Tab 1 e
VII in Appendix I summarizes current and expected future noise exposure levels
on and near the project site. In summary, CNEL exposure from aircraft opera-
tions is expected to increase up to 3.2 dBA throughout the property. Future
motor veh i c 1 e CNEL noise impact is projected to increase as 1 i tt 1 e as 2 dBA
a 1 ong existing roadways and as. much as 22 dBA a 1 ong future roadways that do
not currently exist. Projected CNEL noise exposure from Carlsbad Raceway
dragster and motocross will remain unchanged. These will be unavoidable
increases in ambient noise levels.
Impacts·· on-·Existing .. Residential. Review of Table VII in Appen-
dix I indicates that adjacent to existing homes there is ari increase in road-
related noise levels of 8.9 dB CNEL (at 100 feet from the centerline) along El
Fuerte Street and 7.9 dB CNEL (at 100 feet from the centerline) along Alga
Road west of El Fuerte. This increase is due to both project and non-project-
related traffic. The increase, however, does not account for existing topog-
raphy or existing manmade barriers. Consequently, it is expected that noise
levels at 100 feet from the centerline will be slightly lower and the future
increase smaller in magnitude.
It is not known whether these increases adversely impact the existing
homes because no analysis has been conducted to determine effects of existing-
manmade barriers, location of housing,· and topography on these exposure lev-
els. Also, the noise analysis does not indicate the contribution of the proj-
ect-related traffic to the total noise exposure level.
I
:O
0
0
10
I
0
0
0
0
I '
80
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Total Future Noise Exposure. Figure 17 illustrates the results
of noise mode 1 i ng which combined the effects from the four noise sources i nt_o
a total future noise exposure. The figure illustrates four zones of noise
exposures which are as follows:
Zone 1:
Zone 2:
Zone 3:
Zone 4:
Over 70 dB CNEL
From 65 dB CNEL to 70 dB CNEL
From 60 dB CNEL to 70 dB CNEL
From 55 dB CNEL to 60 dB CNEL
These zones were calculated by a model which did not take into account exist-
ing or future topography, manmade barriers, or effects of development. Fig-
ures 10-35 of Appendix I further illustrate these zones.
Figure 17 indicates that the area north of Palomar Airport Road was not
studied for its future noise exposure. Specific land uses have not yet been
determined specifically for the northern area, but initial planning indicates
there will not be any noise-sensitive land uses which would require a detailed
noise impact assessment and noise attenuation design. Noise-sensitive uses
include. such uses as: motels, hotels, certain retail uses, apartments, condo-
miniums, single-family dwellings, schools, and hospitals.
However, traffic potentially generated from these areas was included in
the. total traffic numbers utilized for road-related noise exposure on sur-
rounding areas.
Mitigation Measures. The following measures are included as part of
the project or are otherwise required to bffset any potential adverse impacts.
35. Prior to submittal of ·the tentative maps, a detailed
acoustical analysis and noise control program must be com-
pleted and submitted to the City for review. This analy-
sis and control program must reflect any potential changes
in the estimated future noise exposure levels due to
revised or new information (i.e., additional traffic vol-
umes, etc.). It must provide a noise control program
utilizing such features as setbacks, noise barriers, and/
or housing design in order to reduce the noise exposure
levels to State and local standards. Effects of natural
and manufactured topography must be considered in the
analysis.· For clarity, this study should also clearly
state the separate contribution of the four various noise
sources as well as the total noise exposure level.
I
I I
iO
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I i-o
0
81
17
Ultimate Noise Exposure-lsa
.:::"'-1-• .· . ·. _:·_.:
• N
I • '/ • ·.•
. \ ._ ... :. ' ._, . . . . . ' .. . . ..
• \_ .. .-~ • ·_ ..• i ·_,
. . .. . . . r .-. ·= .' .·_ : ·_ -/ ., . . . . . . ,·· .. .:i
4
..
.. . ,.-.
:\! . . . · ... ;·: -••-.;. ,• --·:~ :.\:.. .
·. ~1 . /•.. •• . . . \ · \
:i:~'=:~::;::\:'.;,::;;:_>': ·~ • \. •. \ 4
• • ... \.. . :_ ·:.\· . ·. . ....
. ·:\:· ... • .•• •
\·· ·-. '
4
·\;-·:
N.A.P. ..
~EGEND
Zone 1. Over
Zone 2. 65 -
Zone 3. 60 -
. . '• ... . .
'·~-' . • .. . • . . .,.,__ .
70 dB CNEL ~ _·
dB CNEL \
dB CNEL
Zone 4. 55 -60 dB CNEL
Source: Bioacoustical Eng. Corp.
\.
·\
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
!
0
0
0
36.
37.
31.
82
The noise study in Appendix I discussed commonly used mit-
igation measures and their potential mitigating effects.
These measures and others wi 11 be considered at the future
level of analysis.
Prior to submittal of the tentative maps for any area
north of Palomar Airport Road, a noise study shall be pre-
pared to the satisfaction of the Planning Director. If
any noise-sensitive uses are proposed for this area, such
a study with an accompanying noise control program should
be conducted and submitted to the City with the site pl an.
In conformance with Chapter 21.34 (P-M Planned Industrial
Zone), Section 2.1.34.010, only those uses which do not
generate a sound lev~l in excess of 45 decibels at the
boundaries of the site will be permitted in the industrial
area.
An FAA-funded Airport Noi SE3 Contra 1 and Land Use Compat i -
bility study (ANCLUC) is. to be conducted on Palomar Air-
port in 1981. This study should be available in late
1981. The ANCLUC will develop a new set of noise contours
for Palomar Airport and will identify possible noise
abatement actions.
When available, the City of Carlsbad will review the ini-
tial and final findings of the ANCLUC in relation to the·
Master Plan for Rancho Carrillo.
32. All prospective purchasers of residential properties· with-
in the Rancho Carrillo Planned Community must be clearly
notified of airport operations (both existing and future)
in writing by the seller prior to the close of escrow.
To this end, the project applicants are asked to review,
as a possible mechanism, the feasibility of requiring avi-
gation easements, as suggested by Philip Safford, Palomar
Airport Manager, in a letter dated July 22, 1980 (Appendix
K).
COMMUNITY SERVICES ANO PUBLIC UTILITIES
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Setting. The following discussion describes services to be provided to
the project site. Appendix K of this report includes correspondence received
from potential purveyors of these services.
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Fire Protection Service. The City of Carlsbad has a substation
with four men at Arenal Road and El Camino Road. Estimated response time to
the project is five to six minutes to the southern portion and approximately
eight minutes for the entire project at buildout. The City 1·s substation at
Chestnut and Catalina would provide a response time of approximately nine min-
utes.
Police Service. The City of Carlsbad Police Department operates
from its station at 1200 Elm Avenue. Patrol cars respond in five to six min-
utes to calls within the City limits.
Water Service. There are existing water lines along Palomar
Airport Road adjacent to the site. In 1974,_the Carlsbad Municipal Water Dis-
trict prepared a Master· Plan for a public water system for Rancho Carrillo
(Woodside/Kubota, 1974). This plan was prepared based on the original Rancho
Carrillo Master Plan adopted by the City in 1972. However, since proposed
land uses of the proposed revised Rancho Carrillo Master Plan differ from the
original, the water system plan will require review and probably revision by
the Carlsbad Municipal Water District.
Wastewater Service. There are presently no sewer facilities
servicing the proJect area. However, the City of Carlsbad recently voted to
approve formation of an assessment district to fund the Palomar Airport Waste-
water Treatment Project. This project, when completed, will supply Rancho
Carrillo, along with several other major developments, with sewer capacity.
The estimated date of operation for the Palomar Airport Wastewater Treatment
Project is the spring of 1983.
Gas and • Electric • Service. The San Di ego Gas and Electric Com-·
pany serves the site. There is presently no underground electrical system in
the area, but overhead 12 kV and 69 kV lines transverse the site.
A 16-inch gas transmission main exists 13 feet under Palomar Airport
Road. A 3-inch local distribution line occurs at Poinsettia Avenue (Linda
Vista Drive).
Solid Waste. The McDougal Sanitation Corporation is currently
under contract with the City of Carlsbad to service solid waste. Solid waste
is transported to the Palomar Transfer Station at El Camino Real and Palomar
Airport Road. Waste is .then sorted and separated for recycling; uncycled
waste is taken to either the Bonsall landfill on Gopher Canyon Road, which has
a projected life span of three years, or the San Marcos landfill at Rancho
Santa Fe and Questhaven, with an estimated life span of 20 years. Hazardous
waste is processed at the 0tay Mesa landfill.
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Libraries. The City of Carlsbad presently has one library
located in the northwest quadrant of the City. Outlying areas are served by a
mini-bookmobile. At present, the library is barely adequate to serve the
growing City; a new central library is therefore planned. As recommended in
Master Plan. No. II for the Carlsbad City Library, the new central library will
probably be located near the City1 s geographical center, in the area of Palo-
mar Airport Road.
School Services. Rancho Carrillo lies within both the San Mar-
cos and the Carlsbad Unified School Districts. There are no existing schools
within the project area. The San Marcos School District includes four elemen-
tary schools, one junio.r high school, and one high school. All four elemen-
tary schools are presently beyond their capacity, according to Mr. David
Larson, Di rector of Business and Operati ans for the District. The District
offers bus transportation services for its students at an estimated cost to
the col11llunity of ?Of per student per day.
The Carlsbad Unified School District includes five elementary schools,
one junior high school, and one high school. None of the District1 s schools
·is at capacity enrollment at this time. The Carlsbad School District does not
provide bus services to the students.
Hospital Services. Rancho Carrillo lies within the Tri-City
Hospital District. The District, which ser~es Carlsbad, Vista, and Oceanside,
includes the Tri-City Hospital in Oceanside and Tri-City West, also in Ocean-
side. Both hospitals have an urgent overcrowding problem. 'The Tri-City Hos-
pital, which is the larger of the two with 231 beds, has an occupancy rate of
95%. Tri-City West has· only 67 beds and 85% occupancy. The district is the
fu 11 est in both San Di ego and Imperi a 1 Counties, and more than 600 elective
surgeries were turned away in 1980. Most of the turned away would-be patients
go outside their district to the North San Diego Hospital District with hospi-
tals.;~ Escondido or Scripps Memorial Hospital in Encinitas.
Transit Service. The North County Transit District provides bus
service on El Cami no Real from Camp Pendleton to Cardi ff. This bus line,
Route 1309, is a corridor route with infrequent service. No local routes ser-
vice the project area.
Impacts.
Fire Protectiori·Service. The project 1 s size and number of dwell-
ings will increase the frequency of· fire alarms. Fire-related incidents will
require a two-station response, and medical emergencies will require a one-
station response plus a paramedic response. The two existing substations
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closest to the site exceed the m1n1mum five-minute response time. This devel-
opment would, therefore, require construction of a future fire station in the
area of Alga Road and El Fuerte Street as proposed in the Fire Department's
Master Plan. This impact would also include additional personnel of nine
firemen to staff the station. Existing paramedic facilities are adequate to
service the development. Fire Chief Thompson indicates that the need for the
new station will be reached when at least 1,000 dwelling units in Rancho Car~
rillo have been occupied.
Police Services. Captain W. D. Rosell of the Carlsbad Police
Department estimates a factor of 1.4 officers per 1,000 population, as a rule
of thumb. Given a population estimate of approximately 10,000 for Rancho Car-
rillo {based on CPO dwelling-unit factors, CPO, 1980a), the project will
require 14 additional police personnel. The severity of this impact is not
considered significant, since revenues to the City generated by the develop-
ment should cover the cost of the additional police personnel and facilities.
The Po lice Department I s concerns include increased traffic congestion on
Palomar Airport Road and the potential for burglaries in the project's commer-
cial area. • •
Water Service. Based on CPO projection factors of 2.6 persons
per dwelling unit, a residential consumption factor of 170 gallons per day per
person, and a commerci a 1-i ndus·tri a 1 factor of 1,600 ga 11 ans per day per acre,
Rancho Carrillo's water consumption at occupancy will .be an estimated 1.50
million gallons per day (mgd). This calculation includes the additional units
that would result from the school site redesignation to residential use.
Wastewater. The report for the Palomar Airport Wastewater Ree-
l amat ion ProJ ect estimated a tota 1 wastewater fl ow of . 76 mgd for Rancho Car-
ri 11 oat occupancy. This figure, incorporated into the design parameters for
the P.alomar Airport wastewater facilities, is based on a residential genera-
tion factor of 200 gallons per day per single-family dwelling unit or its
estimated equivalent and. 1,600 gallons per day per commercial-industrial acre.
The estimate does not include population counts from the school site redesig-
nation. The estimated completion date for the Palomar Airport facility is
compatible with this project.
Gas and Electric Service. SDG&E does not anticipate any prob-
lems serving the project with natural gas or electricity. This project has
two possible points of service for natural gas. The first would be to tap the
16-inch gas main at Palomar Airport Road. This would require installation of
a gas pressure regulator station, since the existing pressure (800 psi) at the
main is not appropriate to ·serve local distribution. The second alternative
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is to extend the local distribution li!Je from Poinsettia Avenue. Required
extensions for both gas and electricity to serve the proposed development are
the responsibility of the developer.
Solid Waste. Using the California Solid Waste Management
Board 1 s solid waste generation factor for metropolitan residential areas (Cal-
ifornia Solid Waste Management Board, 1974), residential solid waste products
will be 19,480 pounds per day, including additional units from the school site
redesignation.
McDougal Sanitation, Inc. foresees no problem in serving Rancho Carrillo
(Sims, personal communication).
Libraries. The new central library location proposed in the
Library Master Plan will service areas of future development. Rancho Carrillo
will, therefore, have no adverse impacts on the library system.
School Services. The San Marcos Unified School District esti-
mates an enrollment factor of .27 school-aged child per dwelling unit (Larson,
telephone communication). The Carlsbad Unified School District uses a factor
of .25 student per dwelling unit. Based on these factors, and the number of
dwelling units plus the additional units resulting from the possible redesig-
nation of the chool site to residential use, the total estimated number of
students generated at buildout of Rancho Carrillo would be 843 or 780, depend-
-ing on the factor used in calculation.
Hospital Services. The California Hospital Association recom-
mends a service factor of three to four hospital beds per 1,000 persons. This
would demand 30 to 40 more beds to accommodate Rancho Carrillo 1 s ultimate pop-
ulation based on CPO population factors. The Tri-City District is in the
process of filing a Certificate of Need with the Health Systems Agency for the
addition of 100 more beds. This petitioning process is lengthy and the expan-
sion will probably not be realized for another three or four years, approxi-
mately in phase with Rancho Carrillo's development. Scripps Memorial Hospital
is petitioning to change 19 psychiatric beds to medical beds within one year
and anticipates 200 more beds by 1990. The North San Diego Hospital District
has undetermined pl ans to increase its bed count in the next five to eight
years. These increases are proposed to mitigate current overcrowding and to
offset the impacts of future development.
Transit Service. The North County Transit District expands ser-
vice as demand warrants (Lichterman, personal communication). Thus, the
development of Rancho Carrillo will encourage the transit district to expand
its services into the project area.
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Mitigation Measures.·
Fire Protection Service.
40. The future fire station proposed in the Fire Department's
Master.Plan in the area of Alga Road and El Fuerte Street.
wi 11 be constructed to meet the fire protection needs of
the deve 1 opment. The new station sha 11 be ope rat i ona 1 no
• 1 ater than the ti me of occupancy of 1,000 dwe 11 i n·g uni ts
in Rancho Carrillo.
Police Services.
41. The commercial and industrial areas of the project will
employ internal security systems including security guards
and an alarm system to deter burglary and vandalism. This
will reduce the demand on police services required by the
project.
Defensible space concepts wi 11 be incorporated to deter
vandalism. "Defensible space" refers to physical design
characteristics that maximize control of behavior, partic-
ularly crime. Three major objectives of the defensible
space concept are: 1) achieving visibility (from building
areas to adjacent parking areas and vice versa), 2) creat-
ing zones of territoriality through site plan grouping and
designation of areas as either public, semi-public, or
private, and 3}_ providing easy access for policing capa-
bilities.
Water Services.
42. At the time of subdivision submittal, the City of Carlsbad
and the Costa Real Municipal Water District will review
the Rancho Carri 11 o Master Pl an for Public Water System
(Woodside/Kubota, 1974) to determine its applicability to
revised consumption and fire flow figures of the new Ran-
cho Carrillo Master Plan. At that time, the City will
also require that t~e planned community's non-potable
water needs be defined and that the water district consid-
• er services based on these needs.
43. At the time of site plan review, fire flow demands will be
re-evaluated, if necessary, since the distribution of
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dwelling units within any one given residential area could
drastically change fire flow requirements 'and pipeline
sizes.
44. Development landscaping in public and private areas will
emphasize low-water-consuming plants, such as native spe-
cies, and will utilize mulch to maximize water retention.
45. Public and private toilet facilities will be low-flush
toilets and low-flow faucets. Insulation will be required
for hot water lines in water recirculating systems. Any
public flush valve-operated water closets will have a
three-gallon flush, and drinking fountains will have
self-closing valves.
Wastewater Service.
46. The City of Carlsbad's Engineering Department will review
the proposed sewer system at the ti me of subdivision map
review and approval to assure its adequacy.
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Gas and Electric Service. No mitigation measures are proposed.
Solid Waste. No mitigation measures are proposed.
School Services.
47. The developer will consult with both school districts to
determine the most feasible boundary line for the dis-
tricts within Rancho Carrillo. This boundary alignment
shall be defined before approval of the Master Plan, at
which time the districts will specifically assess how they
will be impacted by the development, and will consult with
the developer to formulate appropriate mitigation meas-
ures.
Libraries. No mitigation measures are proposed.
Hospital Services.
Transit Service.
No mitigation measures are proposed.
48. The Rancho Carrillo circulation system will include fea-
tures to accommodate transit services. Features will
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include streets with weight capacities and turning radii
for 40-foot coaches and main through arteries to provide
access for easy routing.
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If these measures are implemented, any potential adverse impacts on com-
munity services and public utilities will be adequately mitigated.
AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES
Copley International Corporation (CIC) conducted a study to assess the
agricultural viability of Carrillo Ranch. Two studies, based on existing data
supplemented by onsite visits, analyzed north and south parcels of the proper~
ty divided by Palomar Airport Road. A sunmary of the reports, which are on
file with the City of Carlsbad, is presented on the following pages.
Setting, The agricultural viability of a particular parcel is deter-
mined by a wide variety of factors. In combination, these factors encourage
or limit agricultural use. The factors can be broken down into two broad cat-
egories: physical resources and economic considerations. Table Q 1 ists the
. items within these two groups which must be evaluated.
Physical Resources .
Topography. Topography affects agricultural capabilities of r
the land by limiting the size of areas suitable for agricultural fields.
Also, soils have a greater tendency to erode when they are on sloping ground.
These basic fact.ors tend to limit agricultural activities to ground that is
nearly level and fairly l~rge.
The northern parcel could acconmodate two fields of roughly 30 to 40
acres each. Ultimate size would depend on which crops are produced and wheth-
er they could be grown in the canyon which divides the site. On the southern
parcel, topography limits the area suitable· for agriculture to only 107 acres
of the total 675-acre site.
Climate. Rancho Carrillo lies within the Coastal Climate
Zone. Just east of the Maritime Zone, the Coastal Climate Zone is outside the
summer fog line, but within the climatic influences of the ocean. The mean
annual temperature is 60°F, with a 30-day freeze hazard in January. Mean
annual precipitation is 10 to 15 inches. Agricultural products that typically
do very well in these climatic conditions include tomatoes, flowers, avocados,
truck crops, and citrus fruits.
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0 TABLE Q 90
FACTORS DETERMINING
AGRICULTURAL VIABILITY lsa
0
Suitable for A5riculture
Truck Noc
Ph?sical Resources T0111atoes ~ Flowers Avocados ill!2 Suitable
Geology
0 Landslide Potential
Law I I I I I
High L L L L L L
Groundwater Depth
Shallow HI N1 N1 HI N1
Deep HI HI NI HI N1
Economic Considerations
0 Cultural Costs
Law I I
Medium I
High I I
Harvest Costs
Law
Medium I I I 0 High I I
Fized Costs
Low
Medium I I I
High -I I
Price
0 Variable I I I I
Stable I
Yield
Low
Medium I
High I I I I
Competitiou
10 Little I
Several I I I I
Ket Income
Low I I
High I I I
Return on Investment
i Low I
,0 High I I I I
I.eat vs. Own Land
Beat I I I -Own I I
Cropping Program
!location I I I
Relation co Physical
0 Resources MI MI MI I MI
Legend: I -Important
MI -Mcderacely Important
HI -Not Important
lo L -Limiting
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TABLE Q (CONTINUED)
FACTORS DETERMINING
AGRICULTURAL VIABILITY
?!!Ysic:al ~esou:':99 ~~c~es
~ooa.z:-2:hv
Slope
r..vel !«
15: • :a: . ..
JC: -so: r.
11&.ld S.1:a
Saal.l (<':O ac::u) r..
!'.ariiu= c:o-sa 1c::11s) t.
i..&r;e (~O ac::as •) t
nood lta::lr:-i!!.;h r.
!ros1ca ?ocanc~a.l.
t.cv t
U;h t.
i:l!::aca
Tlll!l•rac:::a
Cold (i:l.c. =~=sc) t.
l!adium I
itoc r.
lt1r 0n1:age
Poor ~
Good ~
~.
Qls&il':']
t.cv t.
l!atliim !
ua: !£t
A.~ili::7
?oor t.'
~cd I
~
Su~ac•• Qu,al!=-,
?aor r.
G.cod t
l>ra.:l.:age
?ocr r.
C.Ood !£t
C.pac1!!:7 C!.s3
ti!: !'!I
!II i :7 I
'1 -1tI: r.
Stcr!e ::iae.,:
30 -~co !£t
,o -:9 t
40 -S9 i.
3elcv :.o r.
to.geed: : -::0c~;mc
~ • ~acierace.!.:, ::::ior-::mc n -!foe ::cor:mc:
t. .. :.i:L:!.::;
91
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S111:ai:li.e ==-:: .-'i:~:::i.L:-.i~!!
T::-.:ck !foe
~ :°!.:WCi!!'S A•10c:1d0s ':!::-w:s Sui:~Ol~
!« MI !'!I ~
r. t. !'!I MI • i. r. r. t. ..
t. t. I t. . t. t : ..
t !£t !£t !£t
t. i. t t r.
I t !£t MI
r. . t. t. t. t.
i. t. r. t.
t I I I
t. t. lit lit
!£t !£t t. t. r.
!£t !£t I t
... t. t. . r. ..
I !£t I t
I !£t l!I !"
t. . t. t. t. ...
t t I I
r. • !£t t. t. ..
t .. t !£t .. . t. t. r. r. ..
!£t ~ :it l!I
l!I l!I !II MI
t .. lit t .. r. !. !'I t. t.
MI !'!I n MI .,. ! n . .. ..
r. t. !£t r.
r. r. !£t t. . ..
(continued)
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Water. Water from the Carlsbad Municipal Water District is
suitable for irrigation of food crops and is readily available. The Leucadia
County Water District has plans for a wastewater reclamation plant which will
produce reclaimed effluent water. Landscaping and flower crops can be irri-
gated with this water. Gladiolus can tolerate the probable chemical levels in
the reel aimed water if frequent subsurface drainage and 1 eachi ng management
are provided. Gladiolus are compatible with roughly one-fifth of the agricul-
turally suitable soils on the southern parcel.
Soils. All soils on the 71-acre northern parcel are rated
as agriculturally suitable by both the Soil Capability and Storie Index rating
systems. Thirty-nine percent of the soi 1 s on the southern parcel (263 acres)
are classified as agricultural soils by the ~oil Capability Rating System.
However, only 156 acres are very marginally suitable for agricultural produc-
tion because of: 1) steep slopes, 2) soils with a high clay content, and/or 3)
shapes of some soil units, limiting possible field size. Of these 156 acres,
only 107 acres can be deemed truly appropriate for agriculture.
Geoloqy. Geologic formations affect soil characteritics
and thereby influence agricultural viability. Geologic studies for the Car-
rillo Ranch have been conducted by Geosoils, Inc., and are summarized in
detail in the Earth Resources section of the EIR.
0 Geologic features of particular importance to agricultural viability
include clay content of sails, landslides, and proximity of groundwater ta the
surface. Clay sails are expansive and highly erodible. Groundwater close to
the surface increases erosion potential and mandates subsurface drainage man-
agement if irrigation is to take place.
IO Clay soils within the northern parcel having a moderate to high erosion
potential would require irrigation and drainage management. In the locations
where landslides have been mapped, care would be required for tilling, wet-
ting, and drying.
The majority of the soils within the southern parcel are either clays or
0 have clay subsoils. Their expansive qualities make the soil unstable and
increase landslide potential. Great care would be needed in the areas of wet-
ting, drying, and subsoil irrigation drainage if any of these soils were to be
cultivated. Geologic bedding on the south and east sides of the southern par-
cel dips to the north and northwest. The bedding serves as support for the
dynamic clay soil material, and thereby increases the landslide potential.
0 Most of the landslides noted by Geosoils, Inc., however, are on the steeper,
non-agricultural soils.
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On the southern parcel, groundwater exists at 5 to 30 feet below the sur-
face in the major valley's alluvial areas. This increases erosion potential
and mandates subsurface drainage if irrigation is to take place. Cultivation
of the soils on the southern parcel would require great care in tilling man-
agement, wetting and drying, and subsoil irrigation drainage. Such measures
would be costly and might make agricultural use of these soils unfeasible.
Crop Suitabilit~. Agriculturally suitable soils can be
better adapted to some crops t an to others. Table R surnmari zes the areas
receiving "good" and "fair" ratings. Avocado and citrus crops are not suited
to the soils found on Carrillo Ranch. For avocados, clay soils ·and claypan
layers below the surface are the major limiting factors. Clay soils coupled
with an unfavorable climate prohibit citrus production.
Suitability for truck crops is determined by subsoil permeability. Those
areas rated "fai r 11 are partially limited. by slow permeability. However, they
could be successfully farmed with truck crops provided proper subsoil drainage
and careful irrigation management were incorporated.
11Good" and "fai r 11 areas for tomato production are found within both the
. north and south p~rcels. The areas rated as "good 11 present few or no limita-
tions to tomato production. The areas with "fair" ratings are limited by
slope and thus require erosion control measures.
Fl ewer crops can be grown on both the north and south parce 1 s. The
11 good 11 areas have no limitations for flower production. Within the "fair"
areas, surface soil texture limits yield and increases erosion hazard.
Present·· Land Uses. At present, fie 1 ds on th:e northern par-
cel have been plowed. However, nothing is being produced on the southern par-
cel, although avocados are being raised to the east.
Surrounding land uses include Carlsbad Raceway directly north of Rancho
Carrillo-, and residential uses along the southern boundary. Proximity of res-
idential uses to agricultural land on the southern parcel poses a potential
conflict. Agricultural activities such as aerial application of pesticides
and fertilizers, and the noise associated with farm machinery, could prove
objectionable to nearby residents.
Economic Considerations. Based on the analysis of physical
resources, 71 acres on the north parce 1 and 107 acres on the south wi 11 sup-
port agriculture. Actual farming· cannot be conducted without regard to econ-
omics, however. The decision to farm must be based upon the expected income
value resulting from the investment in land, equipment, and operating capital.
The following pages address the size of the investment required and the income
value which could be expected to result.
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TABLE R 94
CROP SUITABILITY OF SOILS
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Soil l/t of
~ ~ Avocados Ci:':"t!S Tr-.1c:k Cr~t,s Tomatoes Flowers
AcC 31 N/R N/R N/R Good N/R
0 AcD 96 ~1/R N/R N/R ?"a::.= (s) ~T/R
AcE 35 N/R N/R. N/R. Fai= (s) N/R
AcE:? 22 N/R N/R N/R ]:'air (s) N/R
C::E2 4 N/R N/R. N/R N/R N/R
0 GaE 59 N/R N/R -N/R ··~UR N/R.
GaF, 32 N/R N/R N/R. N/R. N/R.
HrC 97 N/_R N/R. Fair (p) Good Fair (C)
HrE2 69 N/R N/1l ~t/R N/R N/R
0 Lee . 37 !1/R N/R Fair (p) N/R Good
LaE !l N/R N/R N/R. N/R N/R
LeE3 4 N/R N/R N/R N/R. N/R
LrE l32 · N/R N/R N/R N/R N/R
10 Lr.S:2 2 N/R N/R N/?.. N/R N/R.
LsE 9 N/R N/R N/R. N/R N/R
Rm 9 N/R N/'8. N/R N/R N/R
ScA. • '29" N/R N/R N/R Good N/R
0
Source: Soil Sur.rev of San Die20 Area, Califor.-:.i.a, USDA,
Decemcer 1§13.
Key:
Good no special managemenc is ~ecessar7
Fair some special :nanagernenc is necessar7 0 N/R. not raced, unsuiced :o ag::icul :-ure (s) slope is :he :iain limiting ::ic:or
(p) slow per~eabili:y is ~he oain limi:ing fac:o-r
(c) surface layer cexcure is :he main li:ni:ing fact:or
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On the northern parcel, tomatoes and truck .crops are most likely to be
grown. Tomatoes could be grown on the 53 acres where clay soils occur,
although they should be rotated with other crops (e.g., celery) to control
pests and diseases. The remaining 18 acres could support production of truck
crops. For the southern parcel as well, the best yields could be expected for
tomatoes and truck crops. -
Cash Flow Analysis. Tables S and T present cash flow anal-
yses for the northern parcel of Carrillo Ranch. Table S presents farm reve-
nues for 1980 and 1981 and Table T forecasts revenues for a six-year period
through 1985 for both rent a 1 and ownership of the property. Under either sit-
uation, Tables Sand T show that a profit can be made in alternate years, cre-
ating a positive cash flow in the long run. (A profit in alternate years
stems from the fact that eel ery revenues are received only in the odd-numbered
years.) When the land is rented, the farm earns an average of $49,091 annual-
ly, or S691/acre. When the land is owned, $7,955, or $112/acre, is the aver-
age annual earnings.
The southern parcel is evaluated according to three different assumptions
of operating ownership for economic viability:
a) Landlord/tenant arrangement; 1 and is rented at $150 / acre
for the first three years and $175/acre each year there-
after.
b) Net farmable acreage (100 acres) is purchased and the mort-
gage payment is included in the fixed costs of production.
c) Entire southern parcel of 675 acres is owned.
Under Option A where the land is rented, the farm earns an average of
$113,291 annually, or $1,133/acre (adjusted for inflation using an 8% discount
rate). Under Option B where 100 acres are owned, $63,202 is the average annu-
a 1 earnings, or $632/ acre (8% discount rate). The average annua 1 earnings
under Option C where the entire parcel is owned are <$299,286>, or <$2,993>/
acre (8% discount rate).
The cash flow analyses for both the north and south parcels indicate a
trend that has been operating within the agricultural economy for the last ten
years. Costs have been increasing faster than revenues, thus shrinking profit
margins.
Investment Analysis. Given the projected cash flows, the
next step is to determine percentage return on Investment (ROI). If the annual
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TABLES
NET FARM REVENUE (NORTHERN PARCEL)
REVENUES
I
Spring tomatoes
Celery
Fall tomatoes
Squash
Cauliflower
Total annual revenues
VARIABLE COSTS
Spring tomatoes
Celery
Fall tomatoes
Squash
Cauliflower
Total annual variable costs
FIXED COSTS
Management
Equipment investment
Interest on operating capital
Depreciation· •
General overhead
Total fixed costs
Total all costa
Net f ann revenue
96
1980
$548,011
51,288
56,100
$655,399
$441,452
93,456
42,420
34,155 $611,483
$ 16,300
54,810
9,554
8,143
1,950
$ 91,757
$703,240
$(47,841)
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1981
$245,048
453,552
51,288
56,100
$805,989
$ 93,456
377,872
42,420
34,155
$547,903
$ 16,300
54,810
8,561
8,143
2,950
$ 90,764
$638,667
$167,322
Source: Agricultural Crop Report, Department of Agricultural Weights and ~eas-
ures, 1968-79.
Copley International Corporation.
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TABLET
ANNUAL AND CUMULATIVE NET FARM
INCOME (NORTHERN PARCEL), 1980 CONSTANT DOLLARS
Year
1980 Annual
Cumulative
1981 Annual
Cumulative
1982 Annual
Cumulative
1983 Annual
Cumulative
1984 Annual
Cumulative
1985 Annual
Cumulative
97
Source: Copley International Corporation.
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Rent Purchase
71 Acres 71 Acres
$ (58,491) $ (156,663)
(58,491) (156,663)
$156,672 $126,944
98,181 (29,719)
$ (58,491) $ (88,219)
39,690 (117,938)
$156,672 $126,944
196,362 9,006 •
$ (58,491) $ (88,219)
137,871 79,213
$156,672 $126,944
294,543 47,731
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98
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return is lower than could be obtained from an alternative investment program,
whether in agriculture or another investment opportunity, then the farmer
would most likely invest his capital in another way.
o The expected returns for the north parcel are 9.89% if the land is rented
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and 3.16% if owned. (A typical agricultural return for a farm of this size is
about 9. 5%.) These rates of return are not expected to be consistent from
year to year, however. Revenues for the crops could be expected to vary from
14 to 40%, depending on the crop. In a bad year, revenues might not cover all
costs.
Rates of return expected for the south parce 1 for the three operating
options are 1.36% (rental), 0.5% (100-acre ownership), and 12.5% (675-acre
ownership).
Again, rates of return are expected to vary from year to year.
Under high-risk conditions, an investor will invest capital only when an
equally high rate of return is expected. In general, ROis such as those for
the northern parcel of 3.16% and 9.89% are considered only moderate rates of
return. Because agricultural land values have been appreciating in recent
years, however, farmers have been wi 11 i ng to accept 1 ower rates of return on
their operations in order to realize large capital gains when their land is
sold.
ROis for the southern parcel are quite low, however. When risk is incor-
porated, neither of the ownership situations could be considered attractive
investment options, even when an allowance is made for long-term capital gains
based on 1 and appreciation. On 1 y the rent a 1 of 100 acres \'IOU 1 d be economi ca 1-
1 y justified.
It should be noted that the land value of $4,820 per acre used by Copley
International Corporation (CIC) in these calculations is low. A more real-
istic value would be closer to $7,000 per acre. In actuality, then, R0is
would be slightly lower than reflected here.
Impacts. The project would result in the loss of approximately 178
acres of agriculturally viable land. This loss represents an irreversible
commitment to abandon the agricultural resources onsite. These resources
include agriculturally suitable soils and the climatic advantages of the
coastal climate zone. The impact would not be a direct displacement of exist-
ing land use since there is presently no agricultural activity onsite; rather,
the impact effectively eliminates the alternative of future agricultural use.
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The conversion of agriculturally viable lands to urban land use is a
quickening trend in northern San Diego County. The loss of potential agricul-
tural lands onsite would probably result in an incremental decrease in region-
al truck crop and tomato production. This conversion, in concert with the
loss of an untold amount of additional· acreage in the North County, represents
a regionally significant cumulative impact.
Mitigation Measures.
4·9. The City will consider requiring that the developers offer
short-term leases of agriculturally viable parcels onsite,
to the extent feasible, until such time as they are to be
developed in phase.
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ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT
ALTERNATIVE 1 -NO PROJECT
This alternative is required by the State EIR Guidelines. Its intent is·
to provide insights into the types of effects which could be expected should
the project not be implemented. If this alternative were to be selected, it
would avoid most, if not all, of the impacts identified in the text of this
EIR. The property would remain vacant, undeveloped land with human activity
limited to ranch house operations and maintenance of onsite easements (i.e.,
excess effluent pipeline). •
Biological resources onsite would stabilize from their present st.ate of
flux and continue in a relatively natural state. Natural topography would
remain unchanged, and onsite runoff and groundwater would continue their pres-
ent direct i ans of fl ow. Traffic generated by deve 1 opment of the property and
its associated incremental degradation of air quality and the noise environ-
ment would not impact the site of the local area. Impacts on the site from
regional sources would continue to occur without this development, such as
increasing traffic volumes on Palomar Airport Road and Melrose Avenue, and
increasing the levels of noise and air pollution.
This alternative, although environmentally superior to the proposed proj-
ect, would not be consistent with the interests of the current property owners
and would not necessarily fulfill the intent of the City's General Plan.
Additionally, due to the increased rate of development expected in the vicini-
ty of the study area, open-space uses would not represent a long-term, econom-
ically viable land use. As property values continue to rise, the property
wi 11 eventually become an unproductive economic burden to the property owners.
In addition, beneficial socio-economic effects (increased jobs, tax revenues,
recreational opportunities) would also be avoided.
ALTERNATIVE 2 -AGRICULTURAL OPERATIONS
The project site is not currently under cultivation. However, the agri-
cultural report does indicate that there are soils onsite suitable for agri-
cultural operations. Under this alternative, the site would (where feasible)
be under active cultivation. Given terrain, soil conditions, and soil loca-
tion, the northern parcel is more suitable for extended agricultural opera-
tions than the southern. This alternative would avoid most of the impacts
associated with urban development and the proposed project. It would avoid
impacts on the circulation system, ambient air quality, ambient noise levels,
most of the impacts on significant biological resources, some of the impacts
on cultural resources, and impacts on existing service systems.
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101
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This alternative would also provide an increased supply of actively farm-
ed agricultural lands in an area rapidly losing much of its prime farmlands to
increased urbanization. However, as indicated in the agriculttiral section of
this report, given the expected increase in development in the near vicinity,
the types and amounts of crops feasible for the site, and the fractured owner-
ship of the properties, agricultural operations would not represent a long-
term, economically viable land use. With the expected increase in property
values, the property would eventually become an economic burden to the proper-
ty owners.
ALTERNATIVE 3 -DEVELOPMENT UNDER PREVIOUS MASTER PLAN FOR RANCHO CARRILLO
As described in the Land Use section of this report, the previous Master
Plan covered the same property as under the currently proposed Master Plan.
The mix of uses is basically similar. However, the previous Master Plan
allows for a maximum of 3,695 dwelling units as opposed to the currently pro-
posed 2,998 (3,122 with the schoo 1 site conversion). It al so included a non-
resi denti a 1 reserve area as opposed to the industrial area designated under
the currently proposed plan. Other land uses were substantially the same.
Development under this alternative would not have any environmental bene-
fits over the proposed project. It would have virtually' identical physical
environmental impacts on earth, water, cultural, and biological resources.
Because of the greater number of residential units allowed under the previous
plan, the plan would have marginally greater impacts on circulation, air qual-
ity, energy consumption, and service systems.
ALTERNAfIVE 4 -REDUCED SCOPE OF DEVELOPMENT
The project site could also be developed at a reduced scope. Residential
development could be limited to low/medium-density {0-4 du/ac) within areas
designated for residential development in the proposed Master Pl an. This
\'IOuld allow a maximum of only 1,717 dwelling units, which would be a reduction
of 43% from the proposed Master Plan.
Such a proposal within the existing design of the project would serve to
reduce project-related traffic by about 6,000 trips daily, with subsequent
marginal reductions in traffic-related air quality impacts and noise impacts.
It would also require less energy consumption than the proposed project. In
addition, it could {but not necessarily would) provide a less dense visual
appearance and could allow for increased open space areas.
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However, the reduced scope alternative would have almost identical
impacts on landform alteration, given the variable topography and geologic
constraints requiring extensive site preparation for any substantial urban
development. It would most likely hav·e similar impacts on biological, archae-
ological, and paleontological resources. It would require a drainage control
program similar to that required for the proposed project.
ALTERNATIVE 5 -PROJECT REDESIGN
The project could be redesigned so as to totally restrict development
from the central canyon bottom in order to avoid impacting the riparian habi-
tat along the creekside. However, it is not felt that the existing riparian
habitat is so superior that, given implementation of the proposed mitigation.
measures, restriction of development in this area should be seriously consid-
ered. Such a restriction would have substantial repercussions throughout the
Master Plan and would probably necessitate redesign of the entire Master Plan
and its concept.
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103
SUMMARY OF ANY SIGNIFICANT UNAVOIDABLE ADVERSE IMPACTS
WHICH CANNOT BE AVOIDED IF THE PROPOSAL IS IMPLEMENTED
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This summary briefly lists those significant environmental effects which
cannot be completely mitigated so as to be insignificant. Page numbers refer
to the location of further discussion concerning the effect.
1. Significant, irreversible alteration of natural landforms
(Page 18).
2. Cumulative impact associated with the incremental increase
in urban pollutants (Page 25).
3. Destruction and/or displacement of most existing vegetation
and wildlife onsite (Page 30).
4. Permanent change in the visual and physical character of
the project site (Page 40).
5. The project, in combination with developing projects in the
area, will increase traffic volumes along Palomar Airport
Road, thus lowering the service level to an unacceptable
level at Palomar Airport Road and Melrose Avenue (Pages
41-59).
6. The cumulative effect of project-related stationary source
and mobile source emissions in combination with other
regional growth and resulting pollutant emissions (Pages
59-66).
7. The-cumulative effect of project-related energy consumption
in combination with the growing energy demands of the
region {Page 67).
8. The cumulative effect of the loss of agriculturally viable
lands in combination with additional losses of agricultural
acreage in the North County area (Pages 89-99). •
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GROWTH-INDUCING IMPACTS
Rancho Carrillo is in an area which has been experiencing a rapid rate of
regional and local development. Population growth in the City of Carlsbad is
expected to continue \'/e 11 through 1995. The deve 1 opment of Rancho Carri 11 o
represents a continuation of growth that is both symptomatic and causa 1 to a
population increase on regional and local scales.
Implementation of the project would be growth-inducing in the form of a
localized population increase. The increase in population will cause an
increased demand for utilities and community services. Growth inducement will
result in increased fire protection facilities and personnel, and increased
police personnel. Development will induce the transit district to expand its
services into the project area. The Tri-City Hospital District will be forced
to expand again to accommodate increased service demands. Commercial and
industrial land uses onsite will increase the local employment base. Depend-
ing on the nature of this employment, an additional, though minor, influx of
population may result. Increased commerce and industry will also· increase the
demand for goods and support services.
The development may have indirect growth-inducing effects on unincorpo-
rated parcels to the west of the project site within the domain of San Diego
County. This area is currently agricultural, consistent with the County of
San Diego's and the City of Carlsbad's General Plans, but may experience pres-
sure to develop as a result of the encroaching urban land uses of this and
surrounding developments.
In some cases, growth inducement has already occurred in anticipation of
the project. The Palomar Airport Wastewater Reclamation Project is being
designed to accommodate planned future developments, including Rancho Car-
ri 110. Plans proposed in the Serra Cooperative Library System's Master Plan
accommodate service areas of future deve 1 opment, including Rancho Carri 11 o.
These actions evidence that Rancho Carrillo is part of planned growth. The
proposed community is in response to and in compliance with current zoning
(PC). The City of Carlsbad General Plan, Land Use Element designates the
areas south and west of the project as planned communities, so these areas are
expected to experience p 1 anned growth. The area east of the project is not
within the Carlsbad city 1 imits and not subject to acti ans on the part of the
City; the area north of the project is a Non-Residential Reserve and is not
expected to be developed.
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105
SIGNIFICANT IRREVERSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES WHICH WOULD BE INVOLVED IN THE PROPOSED ACTION SHOULD IT BE IMPLEMENTED
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Construction of the proposed development is effectively an irreversible
commitment of the entire Rancho Carrillo site to an urban use. Project imple-
mentation would permanently modify existing physical features and displace all
existing flora and fauna. The development would require irreversible consump-
tion of non-renewable fossil fuels during construction and throughout its life
span. The commitment of non-recyclable materials used for construction of the
buildings is also irreversible.
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106
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL SHORT-TERM USES
OF MAN 1S ENVIRONMENT AND THE MAINTENANCE AND ENHANCEMENT OF LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY
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Implementation of the project would completely eliminate existing .land
uses onsite. Development would constitute a long-term commitment of the
Rancho Carrillo site to specific land uses, precluding future opportunities
for other uses, or a return to existing land uses on the site.
Cumulative and long-term effects of the proposed project which adversely
affect the state of the environment include a decrease in biotic resources, a
decrease in natural topography, a decrease in natural open space, a decrease
in local and regional air quality, an incremental increase in urban pollutants
in runoff, and an increase in traffic in and around the site. Increased ener-
gy consumption and the demand ·for public services and utilities would result
in commitments to service the site. Commitments to urbanized land use would
permanently preclude use of limited agricultural resources onsite, such as
crop-compatible soils and other environmental conditions conducive to agricul-
ture. Urban commitments may have long-term effects on surrounding land uses.
Offsite agriculture and its associated dust, noise, and pesticide activities
may prove incompatible to the project. Existence of the proposed development
may have an indirect effect on future operations at Palomar Airport, depending
on what those might be.
The only immediate short-term benefit of the project would be construc-
tion-related employment. Long-term benefits include the addition of dwelling
units in the .housing market and possible employment opportunities associated
with cormnercial and industrial land uses. Increased revenue to the City of
Carlsbad will result from increased property tax and sales tax.
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107
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PREPARERS AND CONTRIBUTORS TO THE REPORT
PREPARERS
Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
CONTRIBUTORS
Geotechnical studies
Biology study
Traffic study
Noise study
Noise study
Agricultural studies
William Foley
Annette Sanchez
Edward Almanza
Ronald Douglas
Dana Privitt
Hans Giroux
Geosoils, Inc.
EDAW, Inc.
F
Weston Pringle & Associates
Bioacoustical Engineering Corporation
Vincent Mestre Associates, Inc.
Copley International Corporation
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PERSONS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONSULTED
A11en, Richard
Traffic Engineer, City of Carlsbad, CA'; various meetings 1980-81.
Austin, Stephanie
Institutional Management Consultants, La Mesa, CA; telephone communica-
tion 2/20/80.
Basom, Wi11i:am
Warden, Department of Fi sh and Game, San Di ego, CA; te 1 ephone communi ca-
ti on 3/24/81.
Bradstreet, David
Superintendent of Parks and Recreation, City of Carlsbad; telephone com-
munication 3/23/81.
Bramlett, Dave
Biologist, EGOS Management, Inc.; telephone communication 1/16/81.
Burmaster, Mark
Community Relations Director, North San Diego Hospital District, Escon-
dido, CA; telephone communication 12/16/80.
Card, Susan Ulibarri
P1 anner, The Planning Center, Newport Beach, CA; persona 1 and telephone
communication.
Crosthwaite, Joyce
Assistant Planner, City of Carlsbad; personal and telephone communication,
correspondence.
Duncanson, Douglas
Superintendent, Department of Parks and Recreation, City of Carlsbad; tel-
ephone communications 7/14/80, 12/22/80.
Evans, Les
Engineer, City of Carlsbad, CA; various meetings 1980-81.
Fannon, William W.
Consulting Engineer, Lowry & Associates, Carlsbad, CA; personal and tele-
phone communication.
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Higgins, Lois
Customer Extension Planner, San Diego Gas & Electric, North Coast District
Office,.Carlsbad, CA; telephone corrununication 1/10/81.
Indvik, Kathy
Community Relations Director, Tri-City Hospital District, Oceanside, CA;
telephone communication 12/16/80.
Ladwig, Robert C.
Vice-President, Rick Engineering Company, Carlsbad, CA; personal and tele-
phone communication.
Larson, David L.
• Director of Business· and Operations, San Marcos Unified School District,
San Marcos, CA; correspondence 5/10/80.
Lichterman, Thomas
Planner-Scheduler, Orange County Transit District; telephone communica-
tion 12/16/80.
Levens, James
Project Manager, ECOS Management, Tustin, CA; telephone communication
1/15/80.
Martin, Joan K.
Director, Areawide Clearinghouse, San Diego Association of Governments
(formerly CPO); correspondence 8/1/80.
Mestre, Vincent
Principal, Vincent Mestre & Associates, Newport Beach, CA; personal com-
munication 1/6/81.
Michael, Peter
San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board; telephone communication
7/14/80.
Nelson, Steven G.
Associate, EDAW, Inc., Newport Beach, CA; personal and telephone communi-
cation 1/13/81.
Quinn, Julia M.
Environmental Management Specialist, Air Pollution Control District,
County of San Diego, San Diego, CA; correspondence 6/22/80.
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Ross a 11 , W. D.
Captain, Police· Department, City of Carlsbad; telephone communication
7/14/80.
Safford, Philip R.
General Manager, Palomar Airport; Personal and written communications,
1980.
Samodah 1, Rod
San Diego County Flood Control District, San Diego, CA; telephone commun-
ication 12/22/80.
Sayers, John A.
Engineering G~ologist, Geosoils, Inc., Santa Ana, CA; telephone communi-
cation 1/8/81.
Severson, Richard
Assistant Airport Manager, Palomar Airport; personal and written communi-
cations, 1981.
Sims, Moe
McDougal Sanitation, Inc., Carl·sbad, CA; telephone communication
12/16/80.
Smikhal, William
Administrator, Fallbrook Hospital, Fallbrook, CA; telephone communica-
tion 12/16/80.
Stracher, William
City of Carlsbad traffic consultant, Berryman and Stephenson, Inc.; per-
sonal and written conmunications 2/81.
Templeton, Peter
Principal, The Planning Center, Newport Beach, CA; personal and telephone
communication.
Tessier, Pat
Associate Planner, City of Carlsbad; personal and telephone communica-
tion·.
Thompson , James
Fire Chief, City of Carlsbad, CA; telephone communications 12/16/80 and
3/23/81.
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0
0
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Warnberg, Marilyn
Carlsbad Unified School District, Carlsbad, CA; telephone communication
3/9/81.
Watson, Ron
Engineer, Rick Engineering Company, Carlsbad, CA; numerous communica-
tions.
Zuercher, Don
Corrmunity Relations Director, Scripps Memorial Hospital, Encinitas, CA;
telephone conmunication 12/16/80.
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112
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REFERENCES
Bioacoustical Engineering Corporation, 1980. Evaluation of Exterior Noise
Exposure and General Development Restrictions for the Rancho Carrillo Pro-
tosed Residential Development in Carlsbad, California. Prepared. for Daon
·orporation, Newport Beach, CA.
California Native Plant Society. 1980. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vas-
cular Plants of California. Special Publication No. 1 (Second Edition).
California Solid Waste Management Board. 1974. Bulletin #2: Solid Waste Gen-
eration Factors in California. Technical Information Series.
Carlsbad, City of. 1974. City of Carlsbad General Plan, Land Use.
Comprehensive Planning Organization of the San Diego Region. 1974. Comprehen-
sive Land Use Plan: Palomar Airport.
Comprehensive Planning Organization of the San Diego Region. 1980a. Final
Series V Regional Development Forecasts. 1978-2000.
Comprehensive Planning-Organization of the San Diego Region. 1980b. Water in
the San Diego Region.
-
Daniel, Mann, Johnson & Mendenhall, and Lowry & Associates. 1978. Areawide
Water Quality Management Plan. Prepared for Comprehensive Planning Organ-
ization of the.San Diego Region, San Diego, CA.
Geosoils, Inc. 1980a. Letter to Mike Ryan, Daon Corporation regarding removal
of earth embankment and reservoir, Carrillo Ranch, Carlsbad, CA.
Geosoils, Inc. 1980b. Reconnaissance Soils Engineering and Geologic Study,
Carrillo Ranch, North of Palomar Airport Road, Carlsbad, CA. Prepared for
Carrillo Ranch Partnership.
Geosoils, Inc. 1980c. Seismicity Evaluation -Carrillo Ranch Area, Study Par-
ee 1 s b, e, f, h-3. i-2, and j. City of Carlsbad, CA. Prepared for Daon
Corporation, Newport Beach, CA.
Geosoils, Inc. 1979a. Reconnaissance Soils Engineering and Geologic Study,
Parcel d, Carrillo Ranch, Carlsbad, CA. Prepared for Don Woodward, New-
port Beach, CA, and Active Capital Co., Los Angeles, CA.
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Geosoils, Inc. 1979b. Reconnaissance Soils Engineering and Geologic Study,
Parcels a and i-1, Carrillo Ranch. Carlsbad, CA. Prepared for the
Woodward Companies, Newport Beach, CA, and the Meister Company, Inc.,
Newport Beach, CA.
Geosoils, Inc. 1979c. Reconnaissance Soils Engineering and Geologic Study,
Portion of Parcel g, Carrillo Ranch, Carlsbad, CA. Prepared for Sagewood
Homes, Inc., .Irvine, CA.
Geosoils, Inc. 1979d. Landslide and Development Feasibility Study, Parcels
b, c, e, f, h-3, i-2, and j, Carrillo Ranch Area, City of Carlsbad, CA.
Prepared for Daon Corporation, Newport Beach, CA.
Geosoils, Inc. 1979e. Letter to Mike Ryan, Daon Corporation, regarding
existing earth embankment and reservoir. Carrillo Ranch, Carlsbad, CA.
Golz and Lillegraven. 1977. Surrmary of Known Occurrences of Terrestrial
Vertebrates From Eocene Strata of Southern California. Contrib. to
Geology, University of Wyoming, 15:43-65.
Holt, Raymond M. 1978. Moving Ahead: Master Plan No. II for the Carlsbad
City Library.
Kubota, G. H., Morrison, and Pidd. 1980. A Study to Assess the Agricultural
Viability of the Northern Section of Carrillo Ranch. Prepared for Daon
Southwest, Newport Beach, CA.
Kubota, G .. H., Morrison, and Clark.
Viability af-.-Carri-llo R.anch.
1980. A Study to Assess the Agricultural
Prepared for Carril lo Ranch Partnerships.
0 Leedshill. 1981. Rancho Carrillo Drainage Study. Prepared for Rick Engi-
0
0
0
neering~ Carlsbad, CA.
Lowry & Associates. 1980. Report and Report Supplement for the Palomar Air-
port Wastewater Reclamation Project, Carlsbad, CA. Prepared for The Koll
Company, Newport Beach, CA.
Mestre, Vincent Associates, 1981. Assessment of Palomar Airport Noise Con-
tours. Prepared for Larry Seeman Associates, Inc., Newport Beach, CA.
Montgomery, James M. 1975. Comprehensive Water Quality Control Plan for the
San Diego Basin. Abstract prepared for California Water Quality Control
Board, San Diego Region, San Diego, CA.
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114
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Neste, Brudin & Stone, Inc. 1979. Draft Environmental· Impact Report for the
San Marcos County Water District.
RECON. 1976. Preliminary Environmental Information, Rancho Carrillo, Carls-
bad, CA.
WESTEC Services. 1979. Known Cultural Resources of Rancho· Carrillo, Carls-
bad, CA.
Weston Pringle and Associates. 1981. Traffic Engineering Report for Rancho
Carrillo in the City of Carlsbad .. Prepared for Daon Southwest, Newport
Beach, CA.
Woodside, Kubota & Associates. 1974. Rancho Carrillo -Master Plan for
Public ·Water System. Prepared for Carlsbad Municipal ~~ater District,
Carlsbad, CA.
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115
REFERENCED MATERIALS ON FILE WITH THE CITY OF CARLSBAD
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Bioacoustical Engineering Corporation, 1980. Evaluation of Exterior Noise
Exposure and General Development Restrictions for the Rancho Carrillo
Proposed Residential Development in Carlsbad, California. Prepared for
Daon Corporation, Newport Beach, CA.
Carlsbad, City of. 1974. City of Carlsbad General Plan, Land Use.
Geosoils, Inc. 1980a. Letter to Mike Ryan, Daon Corporation regarding remov-
al of earth embankment and reservoir, Carrillo Ranch, Carlsbad, CA.
Geosoils, Inc. 1980b. Reconnaissance Soils Engineering and Geologic Study,
Carrillo Ranch, North of Palomar Airport Road, Carlsbad, CA. Prepared
for Carrillo Ranch Partnership.
Geosoils, Inc. 1980c. Seismicity Evaluation -Carrillo Ranch Area, Study
Parcels b, e, f, h-3. i-2, and j. City of Carlsbad, CA. Prepared for
Daon Corporation, Newport Beach, CA.
Geosoils, Inc. 1979a. Reconnaissance Soils Engineering and Geologic Study,
Parcel d, Carrillo Ranch, Carlsbad, CA. Prepared for Don Woodward, New-
port Beach, CA, and Active Capital Co., Los Angeles, CA.
Geo soils, Inc. 1979b. Reconnaissance
Parcels a and. i-1, Carrillo Ranch.
ward Companies, Newport Beach, CA,
Beach, CA.
i
Soils Engineering and Geologic Study,
Carlsbad, CA. Prepared for the 1..Jood-
and the Meister Company, Inc., Newport
Geosoils, Inc. 1979c. Reconnaissance Soils Eng_ineering and Geologic Study,
Portion of Parcel g, Carrillo Ranch, Carlsbad, CA. Prepared for Sagewood
Homes, Inc., Irvine, CA.
Geosoils, Inc. 1979d. Landslide and Development Feasibility Study, Parcels
b, c, e, f, h-3, i-2, and j, Carrillo Ranch Area, City of Carlsbad, CA.
Prepared for Daon Corporation, Newport Beach, CA.
Geosoils, Inc. 1979e. Letter to Mike Ryan, Daon Corporation, regarding
existing earth embankment and reservoir. Carrillo Ranch, Carlsbad, CA.
Kubota, G. H., Morrison, and Pidd. 1980. A Study to Assess the Agricultural
Viability of the Northern Section of Carrillo Ranch. Prepared .for Daon
Southwest, Newport Beach, CA.
0
0
0
0
Kubota, G. H., MJrrison, and Clark.
Viability of Carrillo Ranch.
'
116
lsa
1980. A Study to Assess the Agricultural
Prepared for Carrillo Ranch Partnerships.
Mestre, Vincent Associates, 1981. Assessment of Palomar Airport Noise Con-
tour. Prepared for Larry Seeman Associates, Inc., Newport Beach, CA.
RECON. 1976. Preliminary Environmental Information Rancho Carrillo, Carls-
bad,CA.
WESTEC Services. 1979. Known Cultural Resources of Rancho Carrillo, Carls-
0 bad,CA.
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APPENDIX A
HYDROLOGY STUDY
lsa
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DEVELOPMENTAL
SERVICES
:: Assistant City Manai;'!!r
(71,, "38-:596
O Building 0ecartment
(71,1 4.38-5525
CJ Engineering 0epartment
(71,1 ~-5541
C Housing & Redeveiopment 0e;:iartment~
q,titp of Q!:arl.sbab
1200 ELM AVENUE
CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 920C8
0 (71,1 "38-5611
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□ Planning 0ei,artment
(71,, .4J8.5591
March 1 0, 1981
Mr. Barry Bender
Rick Engineering
3088 Pio Pico, Suite 202
Carlsbad, Ca 92008
RE: Rancho Carrillo Drainage Study
I -have reviewed the Leeds,·HiJI, and Jewett study for Rancho Carrillo and
find it adequate both in approach a·nd criteria.
I have not. reviewed the caltulations for accuracy.nor attempted to verify
any information presented in the Tabl~s and Fig~r~s. The design criteria
are satisfactory, however, and the alternative plans seem reasonable.
I have no objection to the report
Consultant for use in-that study.
drainage study does not represent
or development and planning areas ---c· ·~':"::--2.-= -.---:·
;"":,;.,---~ ~---:: ~
Les Evans
City Engineer
LE/leg
cc: Planning Director
being forwarded to the Environmental
However, my satisfaction with the
the City's agreement to street alignments
on which the drainage study is based.
1275 MARKET STREET
SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.IFOFINIA 94103
TELEPHONE <•t~I 625-2070
Caci•: LEECSHILL
March 3, 1981
Mr. Barry ·sender
Rick Engineering Company
3088 Pio Pico Drive, Suite 202
Carlsbad, CA 92008
Reference: Job No. 7495 -Rancho Carrillo
Dear Barry:
Tnomas A Lat';
Ft Hun~ett. C!O Jonn A aiscr,ot•
Ric~a•Cl M G,,man Tnomas C. MacOona,:
James S. Jenks pr,,11g L.. Wa~n•"
CONSULTING ENGINEERS 0
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Responsive to your request of February 25, 1981, enclosed are twelve O
( 12) copies of LEEDSHILL' s report, nRancho Carrillo Drainage Study".
As you requested, the reports have been _consecutively numbered (on
title page) so that you can easily keep track of their distribution ..
In the study it was assumed that runoff from areas· upstream of Rancho
Carrillo would be controlled by others when the ._areas are developed. 0
In most drainage plans this would be a critical assumption, especially
if there are no guarantees that upstream drainage controls. would be
provided. However., at Rancho Carrillo i~. does not appear that up-
stream controls are critical because the currently planned ·topo-
graphies· at detention basin. sites 1 -and 2 are probably adequate to
control unregulated runoff from both the upstream areas· and tributary 0
areas of Rancho Carrillo. The ability. of basin sites land 2 to
accommodate unregulated runoff from upstream areas could easily be
confirmed by a computer analysis if you desire.
LEEDSHILL will maj_q.t-airr~'th--; -hydrologic computer model for the Rancho
Carrillo development so ~hat.: it can be used in future studies that. may 0
be desired. The mode1;; .. would ·be useful in final design of a drainage
control plan, sizing of·-·storm_ drains, and sizing of temporary facili-
ties (risers) for use during the construction period.
It has been a pleasure working with you and the Rancho Carrillo
developers in preparation of this Drainage Study. LEEDSHILL would, of 0
course, be pleased to provide any additional services that may be
needed to complete the development. Should you have any questions or
need any additional analyses, repor~s, etc., please call.
Very truly yours,
T.C. MacDonald
Princical Enaineer -..
Enclosur~s
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RANCHO CARRILLO
DRAINAGE STUDY
Prepar1:d For
Rick Engineering Company
,•. .. March 3, 19 81·
LEEDS,· Hill AND JEWETT, INC
• 1 2 7 5 M A A K E T ~ T A E E T
SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94103
TELEPHONE i415) 626-2070
009
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I. INTRODUCTION
Background
Authority
Scope
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Drainage Control Criteria
II. THE STUDY AREA
~xisting Land Use Conditions
Future Land Use Conditions
!II. METHOD OF APPROACH AND DESIGN CRITERIA
Method of Approach
Design Criteria
IV. DRAINAGE CONTROL PLANS
General
Detention Basin Design
Alternative Drainage Control Plans
Performance of Alternative Plans
Sediment Control During Construction
V. CONCLUSION
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7
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25
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I. INTRODUCTION
Sackaround
Rancho Garrillo is a Planned Community to be located within
the City of Carlsbad in northern San Diego County. This development
0 will include single-and multi-family dwelling uni ts, commercial and
industrial facilities, public areas, and open space. The ·community
will occupy about 850 acres of land, most cif which is currently
undeveloped.
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Carrillo
area .and
The City of Carlsbad recognizes that development of Rancho
may cause increases· in st·ormwater runoff to the downstream
has identified a need to control these increases. Accord-
ingly, the City has required that the developer prepare drainage plans
for the control of stormwater runoff ·from·Rancho Carrillo.
Authority
On December 12 and 15, 1980, Rick Engin~ering Company,
engineers for the Rancho Carrillo developers, autho~ized Leeds, Hill
and Jewett, Inc. (LEEDSHiiL) to proce~d with preparation of alterna-
tive drainage control plans for the Rancho Carrillo development.
LEEDSHILL's.objectives in this work are:
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I II
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'lj 11, ( l) to ~Eave lop criteria for the c1...,n trol of storm-.,,
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water runoff _-that .. will be acceptable to the City of Carlsbad:
(2) to dev~lop, for illustrative purposes, practicable
alternative drainage control plans that can be used at Rancho
Carrillo and that the developers can use to assess the impacts of
drainage facilities on the proposed development: and
1
Scope
( 3) to prepare a report which describes the al terna-
tive drainage plans and can be used to satisfy,
requirements for issuance of development permits.
in part, . City
Although considerable planning for the Rancho Carrillo
development has been completed, these plans do not provide for drai~-
age control facilities because the need for such controls is a rela-
tively recent requirement imposed by the City of Carlsbad. Thus,
drainage studies presente_d in this report are of a preliminary nature·
direct~d at establi~hing the feasibi~ity of alternative drainage
control plans for the development.
Approximately 150 acres of the Rancl')o Carrillo develqpment .
are not included in these studies. These 15_0 acres are located at the
southwest corner of the development and' ~re designated Planning Areas
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A and B in the nRancho Carrillo Master Plan, City of Carlsbad" that · o
was prepared by The-Planning Center. Outflows from this 150 acres are
, ' separate from outflows from the remaining portion of· the development·
and do not effect th-restilts of these studies.
Several different methods can be used to ciontr61 increases
in runoff that result !ram development of an area. The most effective
method of control is .to-=-collect the runoff in 'detention basins and ----=:.:.:-:...:..
then release it ~~the downstre·am channel at a reduced rate that is
controlled by the odiiet_;_~-works of the detention basin. These studies
are limited to analyses of alternative numbers and s{zes of detention
basins that can be placed throughout the study area for control of
runoff.
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U.EDS, HILi. .ANO JEWETT,INC.
J~~inaae Control Criteria
1o A drainage control plan for Rancho Carrillo is needed
to obtain _permits from the City of Carlsbad. The City currently has
no official~ policy for.the ~ontrol·of drainage: however, discussiohs
with Mr. Les Evans, Ci_ty Engineer for the City of Carlsbad, indicate
10 that the criteria for the control of runoff.requited by the California
)
I
Ccastal Commmission ~or development within the coastal zone would be
ac=eptable criteria for developments within. the City of Carlsbad~
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The California Coastal Commission's policy for the controi
of runoff requires that the peak rate of runoff from a storm that has
a recurre_nce frequency of 10-years be no greater after development
th-'.2n before development. The Commission does not require that runoff
f-;:-om all areas that are develope_d be regulated. However, if runoff
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=~om some portions _ of the develop~ent are not;. regulated, runoff from
t~-= remaining areas m1:1st be over-regulated suc_h that the total o.utflow
-· ::;::·.~m the development to the downstream channel m~ets the 10--year storm
~eak discharge criterion. These criteria have been adopted for the
Rancho Carrillo studies.
In previous studies the Coastal. Commission has required
o that the performance of drain_age _ cont~ol plans be analyzed for a
25-year storm event, although no requirements have been imposed on the
o-
. . .
performance. The perf?rmance of t~e alternative drainage control
plans developed for ~ancho· Carrillo have been analyzed for a 25-year
storm and are prese-nted in this report. -.. ...;. ... ··:-·-~, ... -. --
Detention ba-sins for the control of runoff should be
protected against failure during major storm events to avoid damages
o to downstream developments. The criterion tha~ de tent ion basins can
safely pass runoff from a 100-year storm have been adopted for the
Rancho Carrillo studies.
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II. THE STUDY AREA
The study area .of thi·s report is· about 1, 5 5 O acres in
size. About 850 acres of the study area are outside ~he boundary of
the Rancho Carrillo development but contribute runoff to the develop-
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ment. The remaining 700 acres of the study area are within the Rancho 0
Carrillo development. The boundaries of the study area and that
portion of the Rancho Carrillo development· that were ana·lyzed and are
discussed in this report are shown on Figure 1.
Existing Land Use ·Conditions.
Data on existing land u~e conditions at the study area
are available ·from u.s.· ·G~ologic~l 'survey_' t~pographic. ~ap.s and from
large scale topographic maps prepared by Rick Engineering Company and
The Planning • Center. Soil and ground cover data for the area are
available from maps prepared ·by the County of San Diego. In addition
to these sources of data, a field inspection of the .study area was
made on Dec·ember 16, 1980 • and photographs of the existing land use
conditions were taken.
Most of the l,Sso· acre study area is in a nat~~al condition,
undisturbed by man '-s activities. The terrain of the ~tudy ar.ea is
rolling hills that h·ave fairly steep slopes. The area i,s ·drained by a
brush-filled unnamed. s-~~ .. ~m ~hat flows through the study area from the
northeast to the.72~.fOU~hwest. The stream· has a ·steep grad.ient and th.e
channel is fairt~~.well incised through the study area. Natural -.~"T~.i!~_:_
vegetation in the area ~onsists of grasses and dense evergreen shrubs.
Soils in the area are classified primarily· as • being in. hydrologic
soils groups Band D that have respective infiltration rates of 0.15
to 0.30 inches per h6ur and a.a to a.OS.inches per hour.
The major roads that traverse the study area are Palomar
• I
Airport Road, Linda Vista Drive, Encinitas Road and Rancho Santa Fe
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Ll!EDS, HIU. AHO .tl!Wl!!TT, INC. -
Road. In addition to these, there are minor and dirt roads within the
study area.
A minor portion of the study area is currently developed for
' . .. residential use. There is a rnobil hqme park and some housing develop-
ments located along the ridge at the northeast extreme of the. st;udy
area outside the boundary of the Rancho Carrillo .development. Also,
there are. some developments located along Ran~ho Santa Fe Road in the
southeast portion of the study area.
Approximately 230 acres within the study area are currently
devoted to agricultural use.
occupy these lands.
Future Land Use Conditions
Orchards, _vin_eyards and truck crops
Data on future land use, grading., and storm drains within
.the Rancho Carrillo development are available from the "Rancho
0 Carrillo Master Plan, City of Carls_bad," that was prepared by The
Planning Center. In the Master ~lan, the development is divided into
22 planning areas based on type of development and density of resi-
dential dwelling units. These planning areas are shown on Figure 2
0 an_d a statistical summary of the proposed developments within each
planning area is presented in Table 1.
There are no· • available plans for development of the area
0 east of Rancho Carrillo that is within the study area. Develop--~::~-;.:
ment in this area is within the jurisdiction· of the County of San
Diego. For these studies it was assumed that this area would be
developed in accordance with the current County zoning which is
0 medium density residential.
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PLANNING AREAS
Residential
A*
B*
C
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M
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s
Recreational
E
G
Commercial
R
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V
Industrial
T
Public ..
H
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TOTAL
TABLE
RANCHO CARRILLO
Gross·
Acres'
100.0
so.a
74.S
32.0
53.8
-43' .·s
70.3
99.7
15.3
8,7 .s
30.3
17.0
52 .. l.
Commercial
6.5
4.0
5.3
8.9
·-·-20. 9
41.l
8.2
14.0
10.s
846.3
Not part of study area.
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DEVELOPMENT
Total No.
Residential Onits
• Allowed·'bv Area
148
255
221
530
99
198
700
so
332
240
92·
.133
;.. ...
Gross
DO/AC·
' -
2.91
3.42
'6. 90
9.85
2.27
2.81:
7.00
3.26
3.80
7.90
5.40
2.55
-
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-=-=-=:..:..· ~ '-' .. -...;:1..= LEEDS, HILL AND JIIW2TT, INC.
IrI. METHOD OF APPROACH AND DESIGN CRITERIA
Method of Accroach
Preparation of effective drainage control plans for the
Rancho Carrillo area requires determination of stormwater runoff
characteristics for existing and future land use conditions. Esti-
mates of peak runoff under existing conditions are needed to know the
ievel of regulation that will be required .. Estimates of runoff
under future developed conditions are nee9ed to size detention basin
facilities.
Stormwater runoff characteristics for drainage areas within
the study area were simulated using the Corps of Engineer's computer
rrogram HEC-1. This program estimates the amount and rate of runoff-
?.: :?sed on the drainag_e a~~a size, land use, types of soils, and the
intensity of precipitation. The characteristics of drainage areas
. within the study area were estimated from . soil, ground cover, . and
topographic maps, photog~aphs of the area, and information learned
during field inspections. Precipitation intensities were obtained
from San Diego County.
The HEC-l computer program was used to analyze stormwater
r-unoff because it is capable of handling very short precipitation
intensity durations. Because the drainage areas 5-elected for analysis
are small, and therefo·r·e,''-·have short -times of concentration, a method
of analysis that use~ even smaller time intervals in the hydrograph -~~--'
calculation. is necessary to accurately estimate peak discharges. A
time interval of two minutes was used to calculate the hydrographs
from all drainage areas in the Rancho Carrillo.studies.
The synthetic unit hydrograph type used in the analyses was
the SCS triangular unit hydrograph with curvilinea,; transformation.
In general, this synthetic unit hydrograph has been found to give the
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:::est estimate of measured unit hydrographs • for small drainage areas
s~ch as. those used for the Rancho Carrillo studies.
using a
Lag times for each of the drainage areas were calculated
modified Corps of Engineers equation: •
Tp = 24n [LxLca] 0 •38 x (~86) -
s0~S
D/2
w:".ere, !P is the lag time in hours, y n is the mean roughness coeff i-
c~ent in Manning's Equation, Lis the length of stream path in miles
!::~tween the outlet and the most remote point of the drainage area,
Lea is • the length along the stream path in miles between the outlet
a~d the centroid of the drainage area, 5 is the weighted slope in feet
pe::-mile, and D is the time interval used in calculating the unit
h~drographs. The D/2 and 0.86 factors in the above equation convert
the Corps' definition of lag time to that used by the SCS. Topo-
g:-aphic maps of the study area and information learned · during the
f i•~ld inspection were used to estimate parameters in the equation for
lag time.,-
SCS curve numbers were used to estimate--precipitatioff
losses in the HEC-1 computer program analyses. Estimates of precipi-
tation losses· using SCS curve numbers are based on soil type, the type
of vegetation on th~ land surface, the portion of the drainage area
that is covered by vegetation, and antecedent moisture coridi tions.
Estimates of soil type and vegetation type and cover were made using
\ .
County soil and· ··g:rau_nd cover· maps, photographs, and information
learned during field inspection of the studi area. Antecede~t moisture
conditions that are recommended by the County of San Diego were used
in the Rancho Carrillo studies.
Regional precipitation-fr~quency rel~tionships from the
County of San Diego publication,. "Hydrology Manual", were used in the
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of I 6'
t. ~ ti Ot
an:ilyses. Precipitation for various durations for the 10-, 25-,
a~d 100-year return peri6d 6-hour storm~ are presented in the follow-
:.-:-.-~ tabulation.
Precioitation, inches
Duration 10..;Year 25-Year 100-Year
Minutes Storm Storm Storm
2 0.09 0.11 0.13
4 0.17 0.21 0.26
6 0.25 0.30 0.37
8 0.32 0.38 0.48
10 0.38 0.45 0.56
20 ·0.59-0.71 0.89
30 0.74 0.89 1.11
60" 0.97 1.17 1.46
120 1.28 1.54 1.92
180 1.51 1.81 2.26 240. 1.69" 2.03 2.54
300 1.85 2.22 2.78
360 2.00 2.40 3.00 ,~
~ C~;.1n Crite~ia i J> Hydrologic analyses of the study area for existing _and
t I Q
I
f..:-: :..-e land use conditions were maqe to develop design c.riteria for
t~~ alternative drainage control plans. Runoff characteristics
fer a 10-year storm for existing land use conditions were estimated to
ce-:~·::-::iine peak runoff rates that would Qe allowed after development.
R•.::-:-:. ffs from a 25-year storm for existing conditions were al so esti-
~a~ed to assess the performance of alternative drainage control plans
ur.c::r this less fregue~t·· .storm. · Runoffs from 10-and 25-year storms
!or fut~re land use conditions, assuming no detention basins are
-~ ' ~.: -.-
i ~s: 3 l led, were analised to provide estimates ~f peak rates and
Volumes of runoff for sizing of detention basin facilities.
To estimate runoff characteristics for ex is ting land use
conditions, the study area was divided into the five subareas shown on
Figure· 3. Hydrologic characteristics of each subarea were estimated
9
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using the data and methodology previously described. These charac-
teristics are summarized in Table 2. For the estimates of runoff
under existing land used conditions the small areas with in the study
area that are now developed for res id en tial use were assumed to be
undeveloped.
The hydrologic characteristics presented in Table 2 and
precipitation intensities fo1: the 10-and 25-year storms were used
'vith the HEC-1 computer program to calculate outflows from the five
subareas under existing land use conditions. Outflows from ~ubareas I
and II were routed downstream and combined with the runoff from the
intervening Subarea III to calculate outflows from Subarea III.
Separate outflows were calculated for Subareas IV and V. Peak rates
and volumes of outflows from the five subareas are summarized in
Table 3.
To estimate runoff characteristics for future land. use
conditions, the study are~ was divided into the 21 subareas shown on
Figu~e, 4 and 5. These subareas were ·selec~ed to provide flexibility
in developing and analyzing alternative drainage.control plans and are
based on proposed land use, grad!°ng,· and 's.torm drain pians. The
subareas have been numbered to roughly correspond to the subareas that
were analyzed for existing land use conditions.
Rydrologic. characteristics of each of the 21 subareas
were estimated -for the pl~nned or zoned future l~nd use. In estimat-
ing these character.istics overland flow, gutter flow, and flow in
storm drains were considered. The estimated hydrologic characteris-
tics of the 21 subareas are summarized in Table 4.
The hydrologic characteristics presented in Table 4 and
P.rec-:ipi tat ion intensities for the 10-and 25-year storms were used
With the HEC-1 computer program to calculate runoff characteristics
10
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1 •
'10
tO
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
for future land use conditions. These calculations assumed no drain-
age controls are provided. Runoff from upstream subareas were
routed downstream and combined with runqff from downs~ream subareas to
determine total runoff at key locations within the development and at
the outlets from the study area. Peak rates and volumes of outflows
from each subarea and combinations of subareas are presented in
Table 5.
. ··-..
--....;.. ·--
· -•·.·-.
ll
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N
0
TABLE 2
HYDROLOGIC CHARACTERISTICS FOR EXI~TING LAND USE CONDITIONS
Mean Lag Percent A.rea 1· Slope Time ]/ ,: Rou.9.hness Area Subarea (acres) (ft/mi.) n l/ (hours) Developed l:
/
I 512 166 .08 .56 12
II 270 393 .06 .30 0
III 571 45 .05 .44 15
IV
V
68 98 .12 .43 14
65 478 .12 .28 65
Mean Manning's Roughness Coefficient.
Time between the beginning of excess rainfall and t~e centroid of runoff.
Developed for agricultural use.
Curve number for antecdent moisture condition (AMC)= 2.0
based on estimates of existing soil 'and cover conditions.
(') 0 0 0 0 0
scs
11 Curvf No. _I
81
73
82 ·
86
86
0 0
0 0
.... w
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE 3
. . ·, PEAK DISCHARGE RATES AND RUNOFF VOLUMES AT SUBAREA
OUTLETS FOR EXIaTING LAND USE CONDITIONS
ii'':,!
.1 :,}0-Year Storm 25-Year Storm
Pea{c1 Ra·~~ Volume Peak Rate Volume
Subarea ,,,ifs) ,;· ( acre""'.feet) (cfs) ( acr·e-feet)
I
I 106 22.3 171 32.9
II 24 6.0 50 9.9
III 262 !/ 56.9 !/ 423 1/ 84.4
IV 30 4.7 44 6.5
V 30 4.0 44 5.5
!/ Includes unregulated outflows from Subar~as I and II rout~d
to the outlet of Subarea III.
1/
0
......
,14
0
'l'ABU: 4
HYDROLOGIC Cll~RACTERISTICS FOR FUTURE LAND USE CONDITIONS
Lag Percent
Subarea
Area
(acres)
Mean
S.lope
(ft/mi.)
Rou9.hness . 2/ n -
Time ll
(hours)
Area
Developed!/
I 554 154
339
.58
2?5
0.015
0.015
0.035
0.030
0.020
0.025
0~025
0.030
0.100
0.045
0.035
0.020
0.050
0;040
0.09
0.06
0.21
0.11
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.08
100
100
68'
76
42
!/
2/
3/
4/
~/
II
Illa
Illb
Ille
Illd
Ille
Illf
lllg
Illh
Illi
IIIj
Illk
1111
Illm
Illn
Illo
Illp
IVa
IVb
V
281
74.8
87.8
12.2
57.9
40.3
41.9
34.8
10.7
45.9.!/
27.5
23.5
19.8
16.3
28.5
44.5
14.5
62.9
5.6
56.7
94
339 .
203
125
606
51
442
130
140
152
152
138
296
110
53
181
70
.0.060
0.025
0.025
0.020
0.040
0.Q.70
0. 0·25
·o .21
0.17
0.04
0.06
0.09
0.09
0.19
0.07
0.10
0.04
0.09
0.09.
0.10
100
100
100
0
59
100
90
0
100
62
100
77
72
95
95
100
Includes 14.9 acres outside Rancho Carrillo that were assumed to
drain into the development.
0
Manning's mean roughness coefficient.
Time bet~een the beginning of excess rainfall ~nd _the centroid
of runoff. . •, . / Areas not developed are open space or landscap~d aieas.
Curve number for antecdent moisture condition (AMC)= 2.0
based on estimates of existing soil and cover conditions.
0 0 0 0 0 0
scs
Curv§;
No. -
82
83
87
85
88
90
91
89
84
86
89
90
78
79
80
89
88
84
92
92
89
0
I I
I
lo '
TABLE 5
PEAK DISCHARGE RATES AND RUNOFF VOLUMES AT SUBAREA p OUTLETS FOR FUTURE LAND USE CONDITIONS
WITHOUT DRAINAGE CONTROLS
10-Year Storm 25-Year Storm
Peak Rate Volume· Peak Rate Volume 0 Subarea (cfs) .(acre-feet) ( cf s) • ·.<acre-feet)
I 484. 42;.0 692 56.9
II 158 15.2 251 21.7
0 IIIa 49 5.1 72 7.1
I+IIIa 533 47.1 765 64. 0
IIIb 60 • 5 ~4 91 7.5
II+IIIb 217 20.6. 342 29.3
IIIc 12 0.9 .17 1.2
IIId 67 4.9 93 6.6 0 IIIe 51 3.6 69 • 4. 8
IIId+e 111· 8.6 161 ll.4
IIIf ·34 2.7 48 3.8
IIIg 19 2.4 29 3·~ 4
IIIh 7 0.7 . 10 1.0
IIIf-h 55 5.9 81 8.2 0 IIIi .. 49 .3.6 69 4.8
IIIj 31 2.3 43 3.l
IIIi+j 80 5.9 lll 7.9
IIIk 6 0.8 ll l.2
IIIi-k 82 6.8 120 9 .. 2
0 IIIl 6 a.a 10 l.l
IIIm 15 0.9 19 1.3
I+II+IIIa-m l,000 86.l .1, 461 118.5
IIIn 26 2.2 38 2.9
IIIo 40 ·-.;.---, .. , ·-3.3 58 4.5
IIIn+o 65.. ... , 5.5 92 7 .-4 _ ... •4:
0 IIIp ·~10. 0.9 15 1.2
---·•· ~.;, ::-...-• -.
I+II+III 1,070 92.5 1,561 127.2
IVa 7 0.6 9 0.7
IVb 79 6.1 -105 a.a
0 IVa+b ·86 6.7 114 8.7
V 55 4.7 78 6.4
0
15
0
-
I I I I
I !
I i' l
!
IV. DRAINAGE CONTROL. PLANS
General
Two alternative plans for the co~trol of. stormwater runoff
from the Rancho Carrillo study area are presented in this section.
These two plans were developed to illu.strate t~at. stormwa ter . runoff
can be coritrolled by use ~f detention basins and t6_provide guidelines
to the developers in their future planning for in~orporating drainage
facilities in the development.
The two alternative plans that were analyzed can effectively
control stormwater runoff from Rancho Carrillo with minimum impacts on
the current.plans for grading, storm drains, and land use. These two
plans are· by no means the only altern~tives for th~ control of r~noff'
--several other alternatives that were not analyze~ can also control
runoff. Some of these oiher alternatives are des6ribed in Section V
of this report.
The effectiven~ss of a det~ntion basin in controlling runoff
is dependent on the volume of the ba~in, the characteristics of its.·
outlet works, and, to a lesser degree, the shape of the basin. In
modifying the development· plans to accommodate detention basins, basin
Shapes can be different;· within limits, from those assumed in these
. . .
stud~es without significantly changing the results of these studies.
The total storage· volumes of detention basins calculated in th_~_se
studies should be the primary criterion used in future planning.
The drainage control criteria adopted for these-studies
assumed that runoff from areas east of Rancho ·carrillo would be
regulated when they are developed .. • It was also assumed that the
level of regulation that would be required for these areas would be
the same as that . imposed by the City of Carlsbad. To develop alter-
native drainage control plans for Rancho Carrillo it was assumed that
16
_..,_
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
C
I
i
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
inflows into the development from Subareas I and II, shown on Figure_
4, wi:>uld be regulated. by two detention basins, one at each of the
outlets from the two subareas. Alternative methods to control runoff
from these two areas were not studied.
. .
• Current grading and' storm drain pla~s provide_ three outlets
' . from the development for stormwater runoff. 0n_e of these outlets
drains Subareas I, II, and III whereas the other two outlets drain
-J •• Subareas IV and V, respectively. Subareas IV and_ V are both rela-
tively small areas of. the' deve-_lopment and, therefore, it is not
practical to consider alternative.numbers or sizes of detention basins
to cont·rol runoff from these subareas. In these analyses, one deten-
tion basin is provided in each of Subareas IV and V and the charac-
teristics of these basiris are the •~me in both of the two alternative
plans.-
In both of the alternative plans, runoff from Subarea IVb
was not regulated. The increase in runoff that results from develop-
ment of this subarea is compensated_ for by ove_r regulation of runoff
from Subarea IVa such that· the combi~ed peak -~utfl~w du_ring a io-year
storm from the. subarea 'is no greater after d~velopment than before
development.
Detention Basin Design
There are ~.9me:~areas wi thi~ the Rancho Carrillo development
0 where the_ currently-·-p1~i:ined topograp_hy is· idealy ~uited for use as
detention basins. Stage<'-..:.storage relationships· for the -basins proposed
A • • • • •
0
0
0
at these sites were estimated from t~e topographic-data presented on
the grading plans.
Detention basins. are also proposed for location_s within
Rancho-~arrillo .wher~ current grading plans must be mod~fied to
accommodate the detention_ basins._ Detention basins .at these locations
17
were assumed to have, ·in general, a· rectangular shape· •with. a floor . . ..... .
length to width ra·tio of two' and with bank slope_s of two horizontal to -~ ' '
one vertical.
Two types of emergency spillways were assumed for detention
basins in the Rancho Carrillo development. When~ver possible or
needed, a trapezoidal shaped. overflow spillw.ay with three horizontal
to two vertical side slopes ·was assumed because thi~ type of _spillway
is easy and in~xpensive to con~truci. This type of spillway was
assumed for basins that requfre a large spillway capacity and where
' ' '' -'
developments ··downstream of the basin allow. outflows to discharge into.
a surface channer.
Planned • developments ·downstream· from some-of the proposed
detention basins r~~ui;e ·th~t spiilway outflows be contained iq
storm drains. For these detention basins a riser type of spillway was
assumed. Flow~ entering the riser are conv~y~d in a pipeline through
the basin embankment and into the downstream storm drains.
Two· different-designs of detention basin outlet wo,rks were
used 'in .the studies. For those. basins that wer-~ a~sumed to_ have an
overflow type emergency spillway, the outlet works • were assumed to
consist of a pipeline that c.onnects the basin floor with the down-
strea~ toe of the embankment. Stage-discharge rating curve~ were
developed for these.·. ·outle_ts assuming the outlet pipe is 120 f~et • 'in
length, .has ,a 2.5 percent slope,-and has roughnes·s coefficients of
0.024 when corregated-metal pipe {CMP) is:·used and;0.01'2 when ·rein-
forced concrete pipe ( RCPY is ·used.. RC·P was • assumed when the· outlet
pipe has a large diameter and/or• large depth·of·cover.
For detention basins that were assumed to have a riser
type of emergency: spillway, the ·outlet works w•te -~isu~~d to cbnsist
of an orifice, at the base of the spillway ·riser that discharges ·into
the spillway:outlet pipe. The orifice equ-tion was used.to caltulate
stage-discharge relationships for these outlets.
18
0
0
0
0
0
b
0
0
C
C
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
n re r-= ~ ((P :: r: r: r, :7 ii jlCI ;;:•,l,~'\'"l•j1•! 11
~:-c~L-LiC:vi Lf~ :J :.lcL.:c
LEEDS, HIU. AND .ll!Wl!TT, INC.
Alternative Drainage Control Plans
The two alternative drainage control plans that were
developed for Rancho Carrillo are designated as Plans A and B.
Plan A utilizes a m~nimum number of relatively large detention basins
to meet the study criteria. In Plan B basins are provided at the same
locations as in Plan A but two additional detention basins are added
in order to reduce the required size of the main basin at the outlet
of the development. · These alternative plans are described in more·
detail in the following paragraphs. The l9cations of all detention
basins considered in the alternative plans are shown on Figure S.
Plan A
Alternative Plan A -utilizes three detentio_n basins to
control runoff from Rancho Carrillo. The three basins would be
located at sites 3, 4, and 5 that are show·n on Figure 5. These three
basins are in addi tic;,n to the two basins ·that· were assumed would be
provided by others in Subareas I and II to·control· runoff from areas
east of Rancho Carrillo.
In this plan, runoff from all of Subareas I,. II, and
0 -III would pass through the basin at site 3. Outflows from Subareas I
and II would be regulated by the two basins outside the development
before being routed through the basin at site 3. The basins at sites
4 and 5 would regulate --~,utf;J.ows · ~rom Subareas IV and V, respectively.
0
0
0
0
·-::-·::. ..
. ....,...
Ch_aracteris0£-'i:-cs .. of the three detention basins proposed
for Plan A are presented in Table 6. Also presented in Table 6 .are
the assumed characteristics of the detention basins used to control
runoff from Subareas I and II.
19
0
Plan B
Alternative Plan B utilizes five detention basins to control o
runoff from the Rancho Carrillo development, one at each of the sites
shown on Figure 5. As with Plan A, these five basins are in addition
to the two basins that were assumed would be provided by others to
control runoff from Subareas I and II. O
In this plan, runoffs from Subareas I and II would first be
regulated by the two basins outside of Rancho Carrillo. They would
then flow into the basins at sites 1 and 2 along with the unregulated O
runoff ·from Subareas· IIIa and IIIb. Regulated outflows from the basins
at sites 1 and 2 would then combine with unregulated runoff from the
remaining portion of Subarea III and flow into the basin at site 3.
The b_asins at sites 4 and 5 that regulate outflows from Subareas IV O
and v, respectively, are the same as those proposed iri Plan A.
Characte-r-istics of the five detention bas ins proposed
for Plan Bare presented in Table 7~ O
Performance of Alternative Plans
The detention basin chara~teristics presented in Tables
6 and 7, the hydrologic characteristics of the subareas presented in
, Table 4, and precipitation intensities of the 10-, 25-, and 100-year
storms were used ~it~ the HEC-l computer program to calcuiate runoff
characteristics that would occur under future land use condi.tions for·
the two al terriative drainage control plans. Peak rates of runoff at
key locations within the development for the 10-and 25-year storms
were • calculated and are presented in Table 8. For comparison pur-
poses, peak discharges that would occur at the same locations under
existing and fu.ture land use conditions without detention basins are
also presented. Maximum water storage characteristics of the basins-
during the 100-year flood are also presented in Table 8.
20
C
C
C
C
C
0
N
I-'
0 0
Basin
Detention
Basin
Site Shape
Subarea I
(off site) Rectangular
Subarea II
(off site) Rectangular
3· Rectangular
4 Rect·angular
5 Rectangular
0 0 0 0
TABLE 6
DETENTION BASIN CHARACTERISTICS FOR
ALTERNATIVE PLAN A
Outlet
Characteristics Characteristics
~ I. ! ' ::iPlQor Embankment
o'fmeruiions Height Size
_._.· <feet> (feet) ~ (Inches) ! ' ~4 ,. ,,.
150x300 20.S CMP 36
100x200 19.0 CMP 18
120x240 21.s RCP 54
6Sxl30 10.5 CMP 24
S0xlO0 9.5 CMP 24
!/ Base width is given for overflow spillways.
0 0 0 0
Emergency Spillway
Characteristics
Feet
Above
Outlet
~ Sizel/ Invert --
Overflow 10' 14~5 1~
-·-· ·-
Overflow 10' 15.0
Overflow 10' 13.0 .
.t :?
Overflow 10' o.o
Overflow 10' 7.0
tJ
tJ
0
·Basin
Detention
Basin
Site Shape
Subarea r
(off site) Rectangular
Subarea II
(off site) Rectangular
1· Existing
2. Existing
3 Existing l/
4 Rectangular
5 Rectangular
TABLE 7
DETENTION BASIN CHARACTERISTICS FOR
ALTERNATIVE PLAN B
,, . . , Outlet ·,
Ch~racteristics Characteristics
"
F.look Embankment
Dimensions Height Size
(feet) (feet) ~ (Inches)
150x300 20.5 : . CMP 36
100x200 19.0 CMP 18
70.0 Orifice 30
35.0 Orifice ·18
21.0 RCP 54
65xl30 10.5 CMP 24
50xl00 9.5 CMP 24
1/ Some regrading required.
1/ Base witdh of overflow spillways and diameter of circular
riser spillways.
0 0 0 0 0 0
Emergency Spillway
Characteristics
Feet
Above
Outlet
~ Sizel/ Invert
Overflow 10' 14.5
Overflow 10' 15.0
Riser 60" 18.0
Riser 54 II 20.0
Overflow 25' 17.0
Overflow 10' 8.0
Overflow 10' 7.0
0 0 0 0
0
tJ w
0 0 0 0 0
TADLF. 8
RUNOFF CIIARACTERISTS FOR FIITIJRR l,AND USE CONDITIONS
ALTERNATIVE PLANS A and B
10-Year Storm 25-Year Storm
Peak outflow Peak Outflow
0 0 0
100-Year Storm
cfs cfs Maximum Water Storage Characteristics
-Water
Existing Future Future Existing Future Future Water Surface
Lancl Without With Land without With Depth Freeboard Storage Area Location Use Basins Basins Use Basins Basins· (feet) (feet) (acre-feet) (acres)
Suharea 111 106 484 ;~ I :: . : 93 171 692 165 20.0 0.5 29.9 2.01 I. ,.,
Subarea u!I 24 158 '·i. .. 19 50 251 45 18.4 0.6 13.9 1.09 I,. , .. • I I·, Plan A: 1.· ·•'
Basin Site 3 262 1,010Y t~43!/ 423 l,56ly 4051/ 20.7 0.8 21.9 1. 50
Basin Site 4 30 86 30 '44 114 42 9.8 0.7 2.9 o. 40
Basin Site 5 30 55 26 ~5 78 46 8.8 0.1 1.6 0.26
Plan B:
Basin Site l 533 90 765 112 22.4 47.6 24.l 2. 73
Basin Site 2 217 29 342 38 22.9 12.l· 10.3 1. 20
Basin Site 3 262 1,010Y 262:!/ 423 1,561~/ 351!/ 20.4 0.6 10.7 0.98
Basin Site 4 30 86 30 44 114 42 9.8 0.7 2.9 0.40
Basin Site 5 30 55 26 45 78 46 8.8 0.7 1.6 0.26
--------------------------!/ Outside of Rancho Carrillo
y Assumes Subareas I and II are developed but outflows are not regulated.
1/ Assumes Inflows into Rancho Carrillo are regulated by basins in Subareas I and II.
·I
Sediment Control Durino Construction
During construction of Rancho Carrillo, grading operations
will remove existing vegetation and disturb land surfaces which
could cause temporary increases in sediment runoff to downstream
areas. Protection of land surfaces during the construct.ion period
could be provided by revegeta tion, berms, and other on-site controls
whi~h could substantially reduce sediment runoff during this critical
period and is the most desirable method of sediment control. However,
it may not be possible to protect all areas or the protection used may
not be 100 percent effective at all times. In these cases, it is
necessary to provide additional sediment control devices that act as
backup protection against sedimentation problems.
The detention basins proposed in the alternative drainage
control plans could be used during the construction period as backup
controls for sediment runoff. The outlets of the basins could be
fitted with temporary risers such that the· basins act as desilting and
detent~on basins during· the construction period. The City of Carlsbad
has developed a standard design for ·desil tation basin 01,1tlets which
would be appropriate for the· temporary risers. After construction is
complete and new vegetation is well established sediment runoff would
be minimal and the tempo~ary risers could be removed. The basin could
then be operated for the single purpose of stormwater detention.
24
0
0
b
0
i
0
I I
lo
0
0
C
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
'0 •
0
0
0
0
0 : '~ ~; -": ~ ~~ ~ ~ ;~
... c: :..C i..C ~· '-2,· __; _; -_,c L..=
U.E0S, HILi. AHO JEWl!TT, INC.
V. CONCLUSIONS
The two alternative plans that were analyzed meet the
drainage control criteria that were adopted fer the studies. The data
in Table 8 show that for both plans the 1O-year storm peak discharges
to downstream areas after development would be equal to or less than
undez:: existing land use conditions and that· the proposed detention
basins for both plans can safely pass runoff from a 1OO-year storm.
The performance of the two'. plans during a 25-year storm is also g_iven
in Table a·.
In evaluating the relative merits of the two alternative
drainage control plans, one con~ideration should be the total area of
land that must be dedicated to drainage facilities. The maximum
surface area of water that is ponded in the basins during a 1OO-year
storm is a measure of the amount of land that must be dedicated and is·
given in Table 8. In comparing Plans A and B, the water surface areas
at basin sites 1 and • 2 should not be considered because these areas
are not intended to be developed and the only access to these areas
would be for maintenance equipment should they be used as detention
basins. Thus, Plan B would require dedication of less usuable area
and, thereby, have less impacts on the. development ..
Impacts on -storm drain plans should be considered in·
evaluating the two drain~_g,!a. __ . control plans.· With 'Plan B, peak dis-
charges in the storm drains along Melrose Avenue and Carrillo Way
would be less because~£l-ows. in these storm drains would be regulated . '
by the basins at sites land 2. Thus, the required discharge capacity
and size of these storm drains w·ould be less~ thereby making costs of
the development less for Plan B.
Detention basins should be installed before construction
begins in the tributary areas and, therefore, phasing· of the develop-
ment should be c;:onsidered in evaluating the alternative plans.
25
. . Of the two alternative plans, Plan B provides the greatest amount
of flexibility because areas east of Melrose Avenue can be developed
without having to construct the detention basin at site 3. Likewise,
Subareas IV and V can be developed independent of other areas in
Rancho Carrillo. Providing independent detention basins for different
areas of the project ~ill allow "last minute" changes in developme~t
and drainage control plans for each area.
From the results of the analyses presented above, it is
concluded that several other alternative plans for the control of
a
0
0
runoff from Rancho Carrillo by use of detention basins are possible. 0
A few of these other possible alternatives are briefly described
in the follow~ng paragraphs.
Alternative Plan A controls runoffs from Subareas I, II, 0
and III with ·one fairly large basin at site 3. In Plan _B, runoffs
from these Subareas are.only partially regulated by a basin at site 3,
the remaining needed regulation being provided by additional basins at . .
sites l a_nd 2.. By providing the additional basins at sites l and 2, 0
the size of the basin required at site 3 is substantially_ reduced.
Other basins, in lieu of or in addition to those at sites 1 and 2,
could be added to the system to reduce the needed size of the basin at
site 3. If enough additional basins are provided the basin at site 3 0
could be eliminated. However, this "pocket basin" approach would
prob.ably result _in_,_=i-ncrea.sed -maintenance costs.
If tffe-=-g.):'.ading and/or_ storm drain routes used in this study
are changed, this could provide other possible alternative drainage
control plans. For example, in alternative Plan B a detention basin
is needed at site 3 to reduce increases in .runoff that result from
development of that portion of Subarea III that is west of Melrose 0
-Avenue. In addition, the basin at site 3 must also accommodate
flow that is already regulated by basins at sites l and 2.. If, by
rerouting storm drains, • the regulat_ed outflows from the basins at
26
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
IQ
0
sites 1 and 2 could bypass the basin at site 3 then the needed size of
this downstream basin would be reduced.
There are alternative designs for the facilities proposed
in Plans A and B. As already mentioned, basin shapes can be changed,
within limits, without changing the results of these analyses.
Even if ba~in sh-pes are _substantially modified, the outlet works can
be redesigned to provide equivalent regulation of runoff. Emergency
spillways proposed in Plans A and B can be modified as long as they do
not effect outflows during a 10-year storm. For example, in Plan B
the basin at site 3 has a 21-foot high ·embankment and a 25-foot wide
spillway. . If, for some r~ason, a narrower spillway is desired this
I
can be done.by increasing the embankment height.
27
FIGURE I C
_, ----:' --_.,,... ... . _.,
C
C
C i2· -~-
C
C
C
C
0
N RANCHO CARILLO DRAINAGE STUDY
SCALE: 111 = 20001 0
STUDY AREA
Leeds, Hill and Jewett, Inc. Jen. 1981
0
C
C I
C
C
C
0
0
0
LEGEND
CARILLO WAY ,
~-----------~-
! .
I
I I -I
I I I
I
l
N
NO SCALE
I I
I I I
I
I r
0
.-d -~ . . -.·' -
k, -·. ·, ~
~l -_
~-
J
FIGURE 2
-------------~---------------~------
RANCHO CARILLO DRAINAGE STUDY
RANCHO CARILLO DEVELOPMENT
AND PLANNING AREAS
.. Leeds, Hill and Jewett, Inc. Jan. 1981
N
SCALE: 111 = 20001
FIGURE 3
RANCHO CARILLO DRAINAGE STUDY
SUBAREAS-'EX I STING
LAND USE
Leeds,Hill and Jewett, Inc. Jon. 1981
C
C
C
C
C
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
G
I I :o
I io
0
I
... \ J \)
. I
I
i/ .• • I ·.l'
. '7 .,
' 0 ·-
N
SCALE: I"= 2000'
FIGURE 4
RANCHO CARILLO DRAINAGE STUDY
SUBAREAS-FUTURE
LANO USE
Leeds,Hill and Jewett, Inc. Jon. 1981
--
PALOMAR AIRPORT ROAD •
i :N
NO SCALE
LEGEND
£ Detention Basin Site
filn Subarea Designation
-Subarea Boundary
III n
FIGURE 5
:::----j
I
I
I
I
I
I
I • • I
I I
I
RANCHO CARILLO DRAINAGE STUDY
SUBAREAS WITHIN DEVELOPMENT
Leeds,.Hill and Jewett, Inc. Jan. 1981
C
C
(
C
C
C
C
.D
0
0
0 J
0
0
APPENDIX B
BIOLOGICAL STUDY
. lsa
Purposely left blank
0
0
lsa
0
• APPENDIX C
CULTURAL RESOURCES STUDIES
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
I
April 7, 1980
Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
500 Newport Center Drive, Suite-525
Newport Beach; California 92660
Attention: Ms. Ann~tte Sanchez
,_
Subject: Rancho Carrillo Biological Assessment
Dear Ms. Sanchez: ..
The following letter is _a report of -findings from our assess.-
ment of biological resources within -the Rancho Carrillo
Planned Community .~tudy area. Methods-used to prepare this
assessment included a thorough r_eview of relevant literature.
and a field survey conducted on April; 2, 1980. -Literature '
sources reviewed included environmental impact reports·
prepared for other projects in the area, publications by the
California Department of Fish and Game, regional field
guides and floras, publications on rare.and endangered
species, and natural resource surveys,by-local governmental
agencies and private conservation organizations. During the
field survey no quantitative measurements were taken; nor --
was an exhau~tive-species list completed .. Rather, representa-
tive wildlife.~nd plant species were· inventoried. •
The report is divided into two sections "Setting" and-
"Sensitiyity.11 _The.discussion of setting· describes the
biological resources ori-site-as they exist, according to
biotic -communities .---hf,_biotic community is an assemblage of
plant and animal species that is found in a specific physical
habitat where it exists as an ecological unit in an orderly,
predictable manner. The discussion of sensitivity relates
these communities. to their significance within locaf and
regional.ecosystems. -The discussion of ·sensitivity -also
covers rare and:endangered species.:
SETTING
There are three native biotic communities represented within
the study area: l)·coastal sage scrub, 2) riparian, and 3)
freshwater marsh. In addition, there are three communities
EDAWinc.
Environmemal Planning Urban Design Landscace Architecture San Francisco Newport Beach Alexandr,a Fort Cc:lins Honolu!c New Orreans 0 :i,:,a~o 3o,se
220 Newport Center Drive, Suite 20, Newport Beach, California 92660 Telephone (714) 644-9104
Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
Ms. Annette Sanchez
Page Two
April 7, 1980
Re: Rancho Carrillo Biological Assessment
present which are the result of past disturbances by man.
These are urban,, rural and introduced grassland communities.
A map of biotic communities within·the study area Js enclosed.
A list of the common plant and representa.tive ·anima_ls_ obseryed
or expected to be normally found within each community is
attached. •
Coastal sage scrub is the biotic community char act.er is tic of
the lower elevation hillsides and ridges in Southern California
where it occupies dry, rocky -·soils. It is found scattered
throughout the study area, but primarily on steeper hillsides
and in drainages. It is an open community dominated by
shrubs that grow two to five feet high and do not usually
form a closed canopy.· However, bare ground is ·not ·common.
Rainfall and·soil moisture are sufficient to support a
variety of grasses and £orbs.· Growth of coastal sage-scrub
vegetation occurs· in late winter and spring, following the
onset.of ·winter rains. Most flowering will.occur in the •
spring, after which the vegetation-becomes dormant and more
or le·ss deciduous in summer and fall. •
Plant species composition in coastal sage scrub varies on-
site depending-on slope exposure. On south-facing -slopes
dominants include black sage .(Salvia mellifera) ~ California
brittlebush (Encelia californica) and California sagebrush·
(Artemisia·californica), where these species-grow in low
open stands. In.contrast, coastal sage scrub on north-
facing slopes include larger, more robust plant species,
such as toyon (Heteromeles .arbutife:>lia), lemonadeberry •
(Rhus integrifolia·), ·. laurel' sumac (Rhus .. laurina) , and wartysteni
ceanothus· (Ceanothus verrucosus). · Here· these species form
very dense stands th-at resemble chaparral, a similar· scrub
vegetat,ion known -for its nearly impenetrable stands of stout
shrubs. It should be pointed out that chamise -(Adenostoma
fasciculatum), the "indicator" of true chaparral, is found
on-site; but only sparsely and does not represent a true
chaparral community development~ Groundcover·throughout is
dominated by annual grasses and forbs that have-been introduced
by man through grazing and agriculture. These include brome
grasses (Bromus spp.), oats (Avena spp.) and filaree ·(Erodium
spp.) .
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Ms. Annette Sanchez
Page Three
April 7, 19·9 0
Re: Rancho Carrillo Biological Assessment
Coastal sage scrub is a productive habitat and supports a
surprising diversity and abundance of wildlife including
many reptiles, small mammals and birds.
Riparian, or streambank, communities are found along drainage
courses throughout Californ~a where moisture is at or near
the ground surface on a year-round basis. These conditions
are favorable for the establishment of a dense cover of
trees and shrub understory. On-site, examples of this
community can be found at the two impoundment basins and
along the drainage·course which runs west from the ranch
buildings in the center of the property.
These communities are dominated by willows (Salix spp.) and
coast live oak (Quereus agrifolia). A variety of large
tree-sized shrubs, including lernonadeberry, toyon, laurel
sumac and Mexican elderberry (Sarnbucus rnexicana), are also
common. Many -·smaller shrubs and a thick moist groundcover
of leaf litter are also present. Riparian_ veg.etation around
the .i,mpoundment reservoirs remains in good condition. Along
the stream course, however, ·there have been many disturbances
by man (dumping, clearing, etc.) and the invasion of.non-·
native plant species. As a result,· the vegetation and
community.integrity here is.in fair to poor condition.
Riparian communities normally possess a high wildlife v~lue.
The added dimension of trees in combination with a dense
understory of shrubs creates a high habitat diversity which,
in turn, suppo~ts a high abundance and diversity of wildlife.
Habitat diversity is usually further enhanced by the interface
of riparian vegetation with.adjacent habitat types. This is
not belived to be thea..case for riparian habitats on-site.
The small size of riparian habitats at both impoundment
areas, and the degraded condition of riparian habitat along
the drainage course, limit their ability to attract and
s~pport wildlife. As a result, they are belived to be no
more important than surrounding habitat types.
Freshwater marsh is found at the larger of the two impoundments.
This community is composed of ernersed aquatic plants growing
Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
Ms. Annette Sanchez
Page Four
April 7, 1980
Re: Rancho Carrillo Biological Assessment
in permanently saturated soils. Dominant species, including
cattail (Typha latifolia) and olney bulrush (Scirpus olneyi),
grow up to six feet tall in dense stands with nearly complete
cover. Willows and mulefat (Baccharis glutinosa) are also
common. On-site, this habitat· ~ppears to be in good condition.
Freshwater marsh communities serv:e as.the entire habitat ·or
a critical component of the habitat for many. wildlife forms,
particularly amphibians. Most. of these species spend their
entire life-cycle in freshwater aquatic and semi-aquatic
habitats, and could not otherwise survive. In association
with the freshwater marsh on-site is an area of open water.
This is important to water fowl and other water birds which
use this area as wintering and resting habitat during their
migrations.
The most common community in the study area is i"ntroduced
grassland, also referred to as valley grassland. This is
the type of vegetation which ;replaces native vegetation
·following artificial clearing. In .its development, native
plant species are _removed and are replaced by introduced
adventitious species that can-withstand frequent disturbance.
As a result, the flora of this community is dominated by
annual grasses and herbs that grow two to three feet tall
and reestablish themselves _on a yearly basis. The vegetative
-cover typically germinates during the late fall rainfall,
and grows ~nd flowers from winter through spring. -Plans
then die and persist as seeds through summer and early fall.·
This life cycle is i~_contrast to native grasslands which
consist of peren~ial bunch grasses.
Relatively large area:s of introduced grassland exist over
most level and gently. rolling hillsides within the.study
area. Here, this community is dominated by ripgutgrass
(Bromus diandrus), red brome (Bromus rubens) and slender
wild oaks (Avena fatua). Many other species, mostly non-
native invasive forms, are also present.
Due to their altered condition·, large open expanses of
grassland support limited wildlife populations. They are,
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Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
Ms. Annette Sanchez
Page Five
April 7, 1980
Re: Rancho Carrillo Biological Assessment
perhaps, most important to birds of prey which use them as
for~ging habitat~ In addition, there .are a handfull of other
wildlife which are adapted to grassland habitats and are
found here in fairly high numbers~
Rural communities are characterized by orchards, pasture,
cultivated croplands, abandoned fields and scattered residences.
It is found mostly on broad valley floors and gently rolling
hillsides where soils are ~uit~ble for agriculture. Within
the study area, rural communities are confined to a smali
area around the ranch buildings. The orchards, abandoned
fields and ornamental vegetation found here are far removed
from natural conditions and represent artificial simplications
of habitats.
Vegetation found outside of cultivated areas predominantly
consists of common roadside weeds. These include tree
tobacco (Nicotiana glauca), brome ·grasses, telegraph weed
(Heterothera ~randiflora) and mustard. .
The native flora in rura_l communities has been heavily
impacted, if not totally removed. Consequently, natural
habitat diversity and productivity has been greatly reduced.
As a result, the abundance and diversity of wildlife is
considerably limited. In. addition to the lack of native
habitats, wildlife receive predator and competitor pressure
from non-native animals which have been introduced to these
areas (chickens, ducks, peacocks, house mouse, house finch,
rock dove, ca ts and dog.s l .. :
Urban communities 'are.found within residential subdivisions,
commercial areas and.-industry .. Within the study area, urban
areas exist.in the southwest corner where they consist of a
recently constructed subdivision. All native vegetation has
been removed from this area and replaced by non-native _
ornamental plants. Native wildlife diversity is extremely
low with only few species, which are highly adaptable to
man's presence and severe alterations in habitat, being able
to-survive.
Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
Ms. Annette Sanchez
Page Six
April 7, 1980
Re: Rancho Carrillo Biological Assessment
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SENSITIVITY C
No rare, endangered, or threatened wildlife or plants have
been reported or were observed to occur on-site. Within a
few miles of the site, there are several pla·nt species which
are on the California Native Plant Society's (C.N.P.S.) list
of rare and endangered specie·s. Presumably, remaining areas C
of dense coastal sage scrub repr_esents suitable habitat for
some of these. These species include Del Mar manzanita
(Arctostaphylus glandulosa ver. crassifolia), adolphia
(Adelphia californica) and pygmy spikemoss (Selaginella cine-
.rescens), and one ·species of concern to the ~.N.P .. S. but
not yet listed, summer holly (C·omarostaphylos diversifolia C
var. diversifolia). Although not identified on-site, small
populations of one or more of these may have gone undetected.
It should be noted, however, that none of these species are
on either the Federal or State lists of rare, endangered, or
threatened species. Their listing by the C.N.P.S. is advisory
only to government wildlife agencies and public decision-C
makers.
Other species of note which were observed or expected on-
site include the white-tailed kite, a "fully-protect,ed"
specie.s and several others which are on the Audubon Blue
List. Under the California Species Preservation Act of 1970 0
and the California Fish and Game Code, it is unlawful to
take, possess or sell species which are fully protected.
However, there are no provis~ons regarding the required
preservation of habi~~1=-,.:·o-~ ·these species. The Audubon Blue
• List is a list of bird species which are believed to be
experiencing population declines and are of concern to the . 0
National Audubon Society.· This _list is a~visory only and is
not to be interpreted as meaning these species are rare and
endangered only worthy of monitoring and attention by researchers,
conservationists and wildlife agencies.
In local context, habitat·s on-site which are of greatest 0
importance to wildl-ife are the coastal sage scrub and freshwater
marsh/open water around the larger of the two impoundments.
Both areas are believed to support a reasonably full or
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Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
Ms. Annette Sanchez
Page Seven
April 7, 1980
Re: Rancho Carrillo Biological Assessment
unique complement of wildlife. In regional context, the
freshwater marsh and adjacent open water are noteworthy
because of the limited distribution of these habitats in
Southern California. These habitats are not extensive or
particularly well-developed_ and are therefore not-believed
to be significant on a regional basis.
We hope this account of our assessment and analysis will
meet your needs. If you have any questions regarding our
work, please feel free to call.
Yours truly,
Steven G. Nelson
Associate
SGN/mvp
Enclosures
_,: .. .,.,:...
-.·-,----
RANCHO CARRILLO
PLANT AND WILDLIFE SPECIES INVENTORY
The ~allowing is a list of the dominant and .common plants and
representative wildlife·observed or expected to occur within
the biotic communities on-site. The lists are not intended to
be exhaustive;. rather they are intended to ch.a!:"acterize the
communities vegetative life forms and plant,diversity and their
resultant use by wildlife in a compara.tive manner.
Legend
1
2
3
4
5
6
coastal. sage scrub
riparian
freshwater marsh
introduced grassland
rural
urban
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PLA~TS
Yucca whipplei -our lord's candle
native -shrub
Allium•fimbriatum -wild onion
native -perennial bulb
Rhus integrifolia -lernonadeberry
native -shrub
Rhus laurina -laural sumac
native -shrub
Schinus.rnolle -pepper tree
introduced -tree
Toxicodendron diversiloburn -poison oak
native -shrub
Apium graveolens -wild celery·
introduced -annual to perennial herb
Foeniculum vulgare -sweet fennel
introduced -perennial herb -weed
Nerium oleander -oleander,
introduced shrub
Arternisia californica
native -shrub
California sagebrush
Arternisia douglasiana mugwort
native -perennia~ herb -weed
Baccharis ernoryi -Emory baccharis
native -shrub --
Baccharis glutinosa -mule fat
native -shrub
Conyza canadensis -horseweed
native -annual -weed
Encelia californica -California encelia
native -shrub
Haplopa?;'US -..renetus -coca1stal ':iOldenbush
native -shrub
1
• 1,2,5
2,5
2
3,4,5
3,4,5
5
1,2,4
2
1,2
2,3
4,5
1
1,2,4
PLA~TTS
Helianthus annuus -com.-non sunflower
native -perennial
Heterotheca grandiflora -telegraph weed
native -annual
Sonshus oleraceus -com.-non sow thistle
introduced -annual -weed
Amsininckia intermedia -common fiddle-neck
.· native -annual
Brassica geniculata -summer m
introduced -biennial -weed
Brassica nigra -black mustard
introduced -annual -weed
Raphanus sati~rus -wild radish
introduced -biennial -weed
Opuntia occidentalis -prickly-pear
Sambucus mexicana -Mexican elderberry
native -shrub
Atriplex semibaccata -Australian saltbush
introduced -perennial herb -weed
Chenopodium album· -lamb's-quarters
introduced -annual -weed
Salsola iberica -Russian thistle
introduced -annual -weed
Calvstegia macrostegia -western bindweed
native -peren~~~~ -herb
Cuscuta so. -dodder
native -parasite
Scirpus olneyi -olney busrush
native -perennial -herb
Euphorbia oolycarpa -golondrina
native -perennial herb
Lotus scooarius -·aeerweed
native -shrub
Lupinus sp. -Lupine
native -annual
4,5
4,5
4,5
4
2,4,5
2,4,5
. 3. ,·4, 5
l, 4.
2,5
4,5
5
5
1,2
1
3
4,5
1
4
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PLANTS
Melilotus indicus -yellow sweet-clover
introduced -perenni.al -herb -weed
Quercus agrifolia -coast live oak
native -tree
Erodium cicutarium -red-stemmed filaree
introdµced -annual -weed
Sisyrinchium bellum. -bl·ue-eyed grass
native -perennial -herb
Marrubium vulgare -horehound
introduced -perennial -weed
Salvia mellifera -black sage
native -shrub
-Malva parviflora -cheeseweed
introduced -annual -weed
Eucalyptus. sp. -eucalyptus
non-native -tree
Plantanus racemosa -California·sycamore
native..;. tree
Avena barbata -s.lender wild o~t
introduced -~n:nual --.grass --weed
Avena fatua -wild oat
introduced -annual -grass -weed
Bromus 'diandrus -ripgutgrass
introduced -annu~·l ----grass -weed
Bromus mollis -soft chess
introduced annual~ grass -weed
Bromus rubens -red brome
introduced annual -grass -weed
Hordeum vulgare -common barley·
introduced -annual -grass
Eriogonum fasciculatum -California• buckwheat
native -annual
Rume:-:: crispus -curly dock
introduced -perennial -weed
4., 5
2
4,5
4
2,4,-5
1·,2
4,5
5
2,5
1,4,5·
.1, 4, 5
1,4,5
1,4,5
4
1,2
2,3;4
PLANTS
Ceanothus verrucosus -warty-stemmed ceanothus
native shrub
Salix SP. -willow
native tree
Salix gooddingii -black willow
native -tree
Salix lasiolepis -arroyo willow
native -tree
Nicotiana glauca -tree tobacco
introduced -shrub or tree -weed
Typha latifolia -cat-tail
native -perennial -herb
M-lPHIBIANS
Bufo boreas -western toad
Hyla regilla -pacific treefrog
Batrachoseps attenuatus
sal.amander
California slender
1
2,3
2,3
2,3
2,4,5
3
2,3,5
Batrachoseps pacificus -pacific slender slarriander 2,3
Rana catesbiana -bullfrog
REPTILES ... ··. ; ..
Gerrhonotus mul ticarinatus· -southern all_igator
lizard
Pituophis melanoleucus -gophe.r·::snci.ke
Thamnophis sirtalis -common garter snake
Phrynosoma coronatum -coast horned lizard
Sceloporus occidentalis -~estern fence lizard
Uta stansburiana·-side-blotched lizard
Crotalus ruber -red diEmond rattl~snake
3
2,5
1,2,4,5
2,3
1
1,2,5
1,4
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Canis latrans -coyote
Odocoileus hemionus -mule deer
Microtus californicus -California yole
Neotorna lepida -desert woodrat
Peromyscus californicus -. Cal-ifornia mouse
Peromyscus maniculatus -deer mouse
Didelph_is virginiana Virginia opossum
Lynx rufus -bobcat
Thomomys bottae -Botta pocket goph~r
Dipodomys agilis -pacific kangaroo_ rat
Perogpathus fallax -San Di~go pocket mouse
Sylvilagus audubonii -Audubon ~ottontail
Mus musculus -house mouse
1,2,:3,4,5
1,2,3
.2,3
1
1,2
1,2,4,5
2,5
1,2
4,5
:1,2
_ 1, 2
,1,2
5
Mephitis mephitis -striped skunk 1,2,3
Spermophilus beecheyi California ground squirrel ._ l. 2. 4.·. 5
Several species
BIRDS
Buteo jamaicensis red-tailed hawk
Circus cyaneus -marsh hawk
Elanus Leucurus -white-tailed kite
Eremophila alpestris -horned_ la~k -
Megaceryle alcyon -belted kingfisher
Anas acuta -pintail
Anas clv:9eata -n_orthern shoveler
Anas platyrhvnchos -mallard
1,2, 3, 4
2, 4_
2-, 4
2,4
4
3
.3
3
3
Bucephala albeola -bufflehead
Oxyura jarnaicensis -ruddy duck
Ardea hetodias -great blue he~on
Bubulcus ibis -cattle egret
3_
_ 3
3
3
Nycticorax nycticorax --black-crowned night heron. ·3 -:
Bornbycilla cedrorurn -cedar·waxwing 5
Cathartes aura -turkey·vulture
Charnaea fasciata -wrentit
Charadrius vociferus -_killdeer
Columba livia -domestic pigeon:
Streptopelia chinensis: -spott:ed dove
Zenaida rnacroura -mourning dove
Aphelocorna coerulescens -scrub jay
Corvus brachyrhynchos -common crow
Corvus corax -common raven
Geococcyx californianus -roadrunner
Falco sparverius -American kestrel
Carpodacus rnexicanus, '=·-: house finch
Melospiza rnelodia -·song sparrow
Pipilo ervthrophthalmus -rufous-sided towhee
Pipilo fuscus -brown towhee·
Pooecetes grarnineus -vesper sparrow
Spinus psaltria -lesser goldfinch
zonotrichia atricapilla -golden-crowned sparrow
zonotrichia leucophrvs -white-crowned sparrow-
1,2,3,4
l
3
• 5; 6
4,5
4,5
1,2,5
2,5,'6
-:1,2,4,5
1
2,4,5
1,2,5,6
2,4;5
1,.2
l·, 2 / 5
4
l ;-2, 5
1~2,5
_ .1, 2, s.
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Pe~rochelidon pvrrhonota -cliff swallow
Agelaius phoeniceus -red-win9ed blackbird
Euphagus cyanoceohalus -Brewer~-blackbird
Sturnella neglecta -western meadowlark
Lanius ludovicianus -loggerhead shrike
Larus delawarensis -ring-billed gull
Mimus polyglottos -mockingbird
Toxostoma redivivum -California thrasher
Psaltriparus minimus -bushtit
Dendroica cornata -yellow-ru..'llped warbler
Dendroica petechia -yellow warbler
Vermivora celata -orange-crowned warbler
Lophortyx californicus -California quail
Colaptes auratus -common flicker
Dendrocopos nuttallii -Nuttall's woodpecker
Passer domesticus -house sparrow
Podilymbus podiceps -pied-billed grebe
Fulica americana -American coot
Bubo virginianus -great-horned owl
Speotyto cunicularia -burrowing owl
Sturnus vulgaris -starling
Polioptila caerulea -blue-gray gnatcatcher
Calypte anna -Anna's hummingbird
Thryomanes bewickii -Bewick's wren
Troglodytes aedon -house wren
Sialia mexicana -western bluebird
1,2,3-,4,5
3,4
4,5,6
4
.4, 5
3
1,2,5,6
1
1,2
1,2,5
1,2,5
1,2,5
1
1,2,5
1;2
5,6
3
3
2,5
4
2,5,6
1
1,2,5,6
~,2,5
2,5
4
Turdus rnig:i::-atorius -A.'11erican robin
Contopus sordidulus -western wood pewee
Sayornis nigricans -black phoebe
Sayornis-saya-~.sa~•s phoebe
Tyrannus verticalis -western kingbird
Tyto alba -barn owl
4,5
2,5
3,4
4
4
2,4,5
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0
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0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
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0
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0
INTRODUCTION
A REPORT ON THE
KNOWN CULTURAL RESOU:RCES OF
RANCHO CARRILLO
CITY OF CARLSBAD
In August 1979, WESTEC Services was requested by Daon Southwest to review a
report previously prepared· by RECO N regarding the results of their cultural resources
survey of Carrillo Ranch in -northern San Diego County (An Archaeological Surf ace
Reconnai~ance of the Rancho Carrillo Area; Job No~ 5632; RECON, September 1976).
The purpose of WESTEC's effort was to provide Daon with an overview of the major
cultural resources constraints to development extant on· the property. While the survey
methods used by RECON seemed to be generally acceptable and the result of their
survey reasonable, WESTEC Services at the time stated that they reserved professional
endorsement of their report unless further surveys by WESTEC were conducted which
would confirm (or dispute) RECON findings.
In November 1979 Daon Southwest requested that WESTEC Services conduct field
surveys, map, and evaluate four of the most significant sites (three archaeological and
one historical) known to exist on the property. At about the same time, the results of
another series of field surveys conducted as part of a separate pipeline project, and
included as part of the associated EIR, became known (Neste, Brudin and Stone; San
Marcos County Water Dis~ict Land Outfall Environmental Impact Report; June 1979).
This survey confirmed much of the information previously included in the RECON
report, but also defined a somewhat larger surface indication for one of the previously
recorded sites. The results of both the RECON report and the Neste, Brudin and Stone
report were •available fo~ use by WESTEC Services' staff personnel in conducting the
mapping surveys for four of the more significant sites (W-915, W-1082, W-1086,
W-1089).
1
A summary of the two reports prepared ~y WESTEC Services is provided in the
following paragraphs.
WESTEC SERVICES' REPORT DATED SEPTEMBER 20, 1979
This report was prepared for Daon Southwest based solely on the information
contained in the previously pub~hed RECON report, i.e., RECON's information was not
confirmed through additional field surveys nor were additional record searches con-
ducted. RECON identified 28 recorded sites within RaJ?,cho Carrµlo however, inasmuch
as RECON's report had gone into considerable detail regarding each of the sites, their
full particulars were not reiterated within WESTEC's summarized report .. These 28
sites, which are shown in Figure 1, are listed and briefly described below, along with
suggested mitigation for each:
1.
2.
3.
Resource
Rancho de los uiotes ( Carrillo
Ranch: Remains of a restored early
California Rancho; will be preserved
as part of a 20-acre park.
SDM-W-1082: Historic cross set in a
plastered adobe base overlooking
Rancho d~ los Quiotes.
SDM-W-915: Size= 4oo·m2, with an
indicated depth of 35 centimeters (cm).·
Recorded as "highly--patinated felsite
scrapers@.~ flakes, basalt debitage
and one bro~~" blade fragment"
(Kaldenberg, 1976), including shellfish
remains dated to 6880 (+280) B.P.
(Before Present) (UR-434}. Phaser
test would require approximately· five
test units. Based on the results of
Phase I, Phase II, Salvage, would.
call for anywhere from 5~20 percent
salvage (20-80 units}, depending not
only on the results of Phase I, but
also on the requirements of the involved
governmental agencies.
2
Proposed
Mitigation
Preserve
Preserve
Preserve if
possible; if
not, then
testand •
excavate
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0 Resource. Mitigation
4. SDM•W-1086: Size = 2000 m 2 with an Preserve if
estimated depth of midden of 40 cm. possible; if
RECON report calls it ''The most not, then
substantial prehistoric archaeological test and
0 resource on the subject property." • excavate
Contains a wide variety of lithic
artifacts, including scrapers, hammer-
tones, manes, both secondary and primary
flakes and cores. Phase I would require
4-5 test units; Phase n, Salvage, would
0 again call for 5-20 percent salvage (or
100-400 test units), depending on the
results of Phase I and governmental
requirements. •
5. SDM-W-1089: Size= 300 m2, with a Preserve if
0 possibility of "culture-bearing over-possible; if
burden" (RECON, 1973). Resources found not, then
include 20 flakes and debitage, plus a test and
wide variety of shell. Phase I would excavate
require 2-3 test units; Phase Il would
again probably call for a 5-20 percent
0 salvage (15-60 units).
6. SDM-W-1087: No size given; "Presence Collect and
of shell indicates human activity" analyze
(RECON, 1973).
7. SDM-W-1088: No size given; shell Collect and
0 scatter including bean clam. analyze
8. SDM-W-1078: Size= 2000 m2; light -collect and
shell scatter. analyze
9. SDM-W-1085: Size~ 100 .m2; two flakes Map and
'O and a single scraper. collect
10. SDM-W-1090: Size= 100 m2; twenty Map and
flakes/ debi tage. collect.
11. SDM-W-1083: Size= 70 m2; six Map and
0 artifacts plus a scatter of shell. collect
12c SDM-W-1084: Size= 1700 m2; Map and
probable quarry area, consisting of collect
several flakes, cores and at least one
tool.
0
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Proposed
Resource Mitigation C
13. SDM-W-1091: Size= 2500 m2 No further
(probably inflated by recent mitigation
agricultural activity); thin scatter necessary
of artifacts including one chopping
tool, one mano, several flakes, and C a shell.
14. SDM-W-1079: Size = 182 m 2; shell-No further
fish remains. mitigation
necessary
15. SDM-W-1080: Size= 65 m2; light No further C
shell sea tter. mitigation
necessary
16. • SDM-W-1081: Size= 460 m2; four No further
flakes, two pieces of debitage; very mitigation
light scatter of she~. necessary C
'
. 17. SDM-W-588: Previdusly surface· No .further
collected {Kaldenberg, 1975); site no mitigation
longer exists~ necessary
18. SDM-W-587: Previously surface No further C
collected {Kaldenberg, 1975); site no mitigation
longer exists. necessary
19. SDM-W-589: Previously surface No further
collected (Kaldenberg, 1975); site no mitigation
longer exists. necessary 0
20. Isolate I: Mano fragment No further
mitigation
--·· .. · _ _._ .· necessary
'21. Isolate n:-,:~-Flake No further 0 mitigation
necessary
22. Isolate m. Three pieces of debitage No further
mitigation
nec~ssary 0
23. ~elate IV: Flake No further
mitigation
necessary
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Resource
24. Isolate V: Flake (felsite)
25. Isolate VI: • Flake (f elsite)
26. • Isolate vn: Flake
27. Isolate VIII: Single mano
28. .Isolate XIV: Chopping tool
Proposed
Mitigation
No further
mitigation
necessary
No further
mitigation
necessary
No further
mitigation
necessary
No further
mitigation
necessary
No further
mitigation
necessary
It should be stated that although the RECON report suggested postholing as a
portion of the recorded. mitigation, WESTEC Services has found this techniqlle to be
neither universally accepted throughout th~ archaeological community, nor completely
effective as a mitigation measure. Therefore, WESTEC Services would recommend a
series of one-meter _square test units rather than postholes as part of either the Phase I
or the Phasca II test and salvage activity.
WESTEC SERVICE'S REPORT DATED DECEMBER 17, 1979
This report was provided as a narrative to accompany 200 scale work maps which
were prepared _by WESTEC Services' staff archaeologists and submitted to Daon's
~roject engineer for consideration as cultural resources constrajnt data during the
planning phases of development of Rancho Carrillo. Only one set of maps was prepared;
they were not reduced to a more convenient size for inclusion in the December '79
report and are thus also not included herein. WESTEC Services' field survey and
mapping effort was directed at only four of the 28 sites listed earlier, namely W-915,
W-1082, W-1086 and W-1089. The full text of WESTEC's report follows.
5
INTRODUCTION
On November 26, 1979 an archaeological evaluation of· three archaeological and
one historic site was conducted by WESTEC Services, Inc. The valuation was conducted
by Brian Hunter and Peter Ainsworth, Associate Archaeologists, under the direction of.
Richard L. Carrico, Manager, Cultural Resources Group.
FIELD TECHNIQUES AND RESULTS
The sites were relocated using information from a 1977 archaeological survey
report prepared by Charles Bull of RECON.
Surface artifacts were located on a 200 scale map ·to delineate site boundaries.
Visual observations determined site extent and value.
W-915 -
This site was described by Bull as being "recorded by Kaldenberg during his survey
of La Costa" (1976). At that time he noted ''highly patinated felsite scrapers and
flakes; basalt debitage and. one broken blade fragment" (K~denberg 1976). He also
presents a Carbon' 14 date of ·saso+ 280 B . .P. (Before Present) (UCR-434) • for shellfish
remains collected from the site.
The site is located in the Northwest Quarter of the Southeast Quarter of
Section 19, Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian. It is at a
minimum elevation of 500 fe~tabove Mean Sea Level and covers an area of approxi-
mately 4000 square met~~;~-···-~ profile of the southern extent of the site, revealed by
bUITowing activities, ·indicate_s a mimumum depth of 35 centimeters (Bull, 1977). •
Present field observation confirmed Bull's estimation of the site, but would
confine the midden area to a 30 x 40 meter area of the site.
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W-1082
Bull described the site as "an historic cross set in a plastered adobe base. The
cross sets atop a hill overlooking the Rancho de Las Quistes, a.n'd would apparently date
from that period."
A quick check· of the historical records· failed to reveal any specific reference to
the cross. Structural features, such as. milled wooden components, nuts and bolts, an.d
"recent appearing" plaster would tend to indicate association with the Carrillo use of
the area (1938ff) rather than the earlier Kelly occupation. in 1870 (Bull, 1977). Field
observation of this site ·confirmed Bull's description.
W-1086
. .
This site is the most substantial prehistoric archaeological resource on the subject
property. It is located on a small knoll overlooking Carrillo Ranch, and lies at an
elevation of about 245 feet above Mean Sea Level. Its location can be described as
being within the Northeast Quarter of ·the Northwest Quarter of Section 19, Town-
ship 12 South, Range 3 West, ·san Bernardino Base Meridian.
The site covers an area ot·2000 square m~ters· with an estimated depth of midden
of 40 centimeters. A wide variety of lithic· artifacts were identified on the site
including scrapers~ hammerstones, manos, both secondary and primary flakes and cores.
Moderate ·amounts of shell, primarily Aeguipecten and Chione, were also found at this
site.
Interestingly, the site is limited to the knoll and does not extend up a small ridge
to the north (Bull, 1977). Present field work could not confirm Bull's observation. At
this time the site's area is covered by a thick growth of annual grasses. Site boundaries
are tentative. until they c~ be delineated by further work.
1
W-1089
"This site covers a surface area of about 300 square meters. It_ lies on a steep
slope of a large south-facing hill immediately above the central valley. It falls within
the Southeast Quarter of the Northeast . Quarter _of -Se~tfo~ 24, Township 12 South,
Range 4 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian, _at an elevation of about .190. feet above . .
Mean Sea Level .....
There is a _possibility that this site has a culture-bearing overburden, and thus has
markedly greater research potential than the neighboring simple surface scat~er" (Bull,
1977).
W-1089 is now badly disturbed. Eighty percent has been bladed away by road
construction, leaving only a 10 x 10 meter area und~turbed.
MITIGATING MEASURES
The following mitigating measures are recommended to further test and assess
the possibility of adverse.·· impacts upon the ~chaeological resources noted. in . the
previous sectio~~ As currently perceiv_ed, the following m_easures may achieve adequate
mitigation of potential adverse impacts to archaeological resourcees within this . .
project. However, discovery of human burials, sacred objects or other outstanding
cultural resources may require these mitigating measures to be re-evaluated. Ap~roval
. .
and ultimate implementaU.011:: will ensure that ~xecution of the proposed construction
will not· directly or sec0ndarily impact any of these known resources. -~·.:.:.:..· __ -. ' • •
• The cultural resources located within this project area require further investiga-
tion beyond the field survey level. It is suggested that a phased study be conducted .. .
which will produce information that allows the researcher and the developer to make
rational and feasible decisions regarding the protection of these cultural resources.
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Phase I
Phase I testing should in~lude accurate instrument location of each reso(U'ce on
1 ":200' maps, and a thorough mapping of the surf~ce deposits at ea~h site. The goal of
• ' ' -. -. .' ..
this mapping is to ascertain the precise location and areal distribution of each site, to
accurately map previous disruptions, and to f~ther evaluate each site's surface de~osit.
P_otential feature~ and possible artU'acts that would be affected by construction should
' ' . . ---. •
be photographed, mapped and measured. __ Minimal subsurfa_ce ~esting in the form 9f 5 or .. --= . . . . ' ~ .
6 _ one by one_ meter pits will.also be required. At this time, each isolated. artifact or . . . . . . .. -
feature• should r~eive the fc,ll~,wing measures: af!curate_ loc~~ion. of each isolated
artifact/feature; photographs . and scaled sketch dl'awings of isolated. features; and
surface collection and analysis of isolated artifacts. Data and maps from this study
should be compiled as a Phase I. report; .. and be provid_~d to the developer and
appropriate governmental agency for their consideration.
Phase II •
If archaeological site avoidance is not possible~ it is recommended that a further
phased program be initiated io salvage the'· artifacts from those portions not avoidable.
~ ; . ' • .; .
Since location, type and significance of these resources varies, a phased program will
ensure expedience and reduce costs by allowing conc~rent constl:'uction and monitoring
to take place in. those areas not recognized as archaeological resources. .. '
A Phase II study should include a limited (less than one percent) subsurface test at
eac.'1 site.
Goals of these tests should include determination and. analysis 'o{ subsurface
disruption, recovery of organic· material ·for dating, assessment of the subsurface ar·eal
distribution of the. site and reco~ery of "type" artifacts to better determine the cultural
. .
affinity of each site. A professional report should be prepared which outlfues the tests
and provides results and conclusions.
9
At this point, data available from the current report and data retrieved from
these phased tests can be used to develop rational and feasible measures to mitigate the
remaining impacts expected to adversely affecf the cultural resources located within
' . this project area;
Phase III·
Any Phase Ill -program f o·r the resources on the subject property will be based upon
the .results and conclusions of the earlier phases. • Potential recommendations for Phase
Ill and later phases may also· need to include total or partial preservation of some'sites,
salvage programs, or some combination of salvage :and preservation. ·Some sites ·may
. further require ri~mination for inclusion on the National Register of Hist~ric Places.
Site
W-915
W-1os2·
W-1086
W-1089
RECOMMENDATION FOR MITIGATION
Site Size
4000 Sq. Meters
(43040 ·Sq. Ft)
io Sq. Meters
(108 Sq. Ft) , _
2000 Sq. Meters _
(21520 Sq.· Ft)
100 Sq. Meters-• -
<+-~76 Sq. Ft) _
Avoidance
Phase I '.!'est
Preservation
Preservation
Phase I Test
Preservation
·Phase !"Test
Preservation
Mitigation
Phased Excavation
·Phase I Test
Phased Excavation
Phase I Test ..
As a final q.ote, it.~ report is to be included as an appendix to the Ranch,o
• _ Carrillo EIR, it is_ recommended_ ~t the pe_r~ons preparing, the EIR also review the
more detailed information con~ed in the earlier reports (RECON, 1976 and Neste,
' • •' ' .
_Brudin and Stone, 1979) and incorporate the data _ co~tained therein into the Rancho
Carrillo :EIR by reference; in compliance with recent amendments to CEQA.
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APPENDIX F
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORT
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AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURFACE RECONNAISSANCE
OF THE
RANCHO CARRILLO AREA
Prepared for
RANCHO CARRILLO PARTNERSHIP
530 B STREET, SUITE 2330
SAN DIEGO, C~LIFORNIA 92101
Prepared by
(Q:-4,,,~ ~\5£!
CHARLES S. BULL
SUPERVISORY ARCHAEOLOGIST
RICK ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS
:5620 FRIARS ACAC • SAN OleGC. CALIFCF'INIA S2110 • TELSPMCNE 71A I :299-5112'
• JOB NO. 5632
SEPTEMBER 197 6
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABST'RACT •• . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • t •
I. SU.Mi."v!ARY • • . . • • • • 0 • • • 0 . . • 0 • •
A. FINDINGS • • • • • ~ • • •. • • • • 0 • • • •
l. Section l . . . . . • • .. . . . " . . . • 2. Section 2 . • . • . . . • . . • . . • • ~
3. Section 3 . • • . • . • . . . • .. • • • .
B. IMPACTS AND MITIGATION • • • • • • • • $ • •
II. ARCHAEOLOGic;u. IMPACT REPORT . . . . . . . . . .
A. PROJECT SETTING. • • • • • • • • • • p • • •
B. . GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES . . . . . . . . . . . •
C. BIOLOGIC]!..L SETTING . . . . . -. . . . . . . .
1. Description .............. .
2. Exploitation of Bi9logical Environment ..
D. ARCHAEQLOGICAL SURVEY ........... .
1. Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Results of Archaeological Investigation.
Section l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Section 2 .............. .
Section 3 . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
E. CULTURAL SETTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
l .. Batiquitos Lagoon Region . . . . . . . .
2. Far Southwest Area . . . . .. . . . .
a. Early Man Stage . . . . . . . . . . .
b. Milling Stone Stage . . . . . . . . .
c. Late Prehistoric . . . . . . . .
d. Swmnary . . . . . . . . . . • . . .
e. Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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36
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Page 0 F. IMPACTS RESULTING FROM THE PROPOSED
PROJECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
i. Section l . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • . 43
2. Section 2 . . . . • • . . . •. . . . • • . 43
3. Section 3 . . . •. . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 0 4. Rancho de Los Quiotes (Carrillo Ranch). ... 44
G. MITIGATING MEASURES-. • . . . . . . . . • • . . 45
l. Site SDM-W-1091 . . . . . . . . • . . . . • 45 2. Sites SDM-W-1078, -:-1087, -1068 . . . • . . 45 0 3. Sites SDM=W-1079, -1080, -1081 . . . . . . 45 4. Sites SDM-W-1083, -1084, -1085, -1091 • . . 45 s. Sites SDM-W-587, -588, -589 . . . . • r •• . . 45 6. Site SDM-W-1089 • . . . . . . . . • . . . . 46 7. Site SDM-W-1056 and SDM-W-915 . •· . . . . . 46 a. Rancho de Los Quiotes (Carrillo 0 Ranch) and W-1082 . • .• . . • . . . . . 46
H. PROJECT STAFF . . . • . . . •· . . . . . 47 . . . • • .
I. LIST· OF PERSONS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONSULTED . . 48
0 III. REFERENCES CITES· . . . . . . . • . . . .• . . . . . 49
A.TTACHMENT~ 54
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I • SUM..1\f.ARY
.A. FINDINGS
The proposed Rancho Carrillo project involves 853
acres of land in the City of Carlsbad, California (Figure l).
The majority of the area is,located south of Palomar Airport
Road, and about l.13 miles east of El Camino Real. The en-
tire project area encompasses the Southeast Quarter of Sec-
tion 24,-Township 12 South, Range 4 West, and Northwest Quar-
ter, North Half of the Scuthwest Quarter, West Half of the
Northeast Quarter and the Northwest Quarter of the Southwest
Quarter of Section 19, and the South Half of Section 18, Town-
ship 12 South, Range 3 West, San Bernardin·o Base Meridian.
For clarity, the examination of this area will be
divided into three segments (Figure 2). The first of these,
Section l, is of prime interest at this time as it is sche-
duled for alteration. Sections 2 and 3 will be discussed,
but are not presently being considered for development.
A total of 18 archaeological sites are scattered
throu;hout the Rancho Carrillo area (Figure 2).· In associa-
tion with these sites are numerous isolated artifacts. Of
the archaeol9gical resources present, one is within Section
l, three within Section 3 and 14 within Section 2. These
sites vary from small, very light concentrations of artifacts
and/or shell to a major historic resource, tjle Carrillo Ranch.
Similarly, they range in scientific p_otential from those of.
great L~portance to sites with little information potential.
l. Section l. This portion of the Rancho Carrillo
property lies in the northwestern corner and encompasses lll
acres. Development of this area consists of construction of
346 dwelling units on approximately lll acres of land.
One archaeological site, SDM-W-1091, and two iso-
lated finds lie within this section. This site has been
greatly disturbed through present land'use as the entire area
is under cultivation for tomatoes. The disturbed nature of
the site greatly detracts from its potential to provide infor-
mation to local prehistoric archaeologists.
The site consists of a very light scatter of arti-
facts and a thin distribution of shell. The paucity of cul-
tural material, then, combines with the disturbed condition
of the resource to greatly limit the scientific potential of
the resource.
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ABSTRACT
' In accordance with the California Environmental Quality
Act and the requirements of the City of Carlsbad, California,
an archaeological survey was conducted of 853-acres known as
Rancho Carrillo. The survey involved an on-foot reconnais-
sance of 732-acres and an examination of the extensive work
previously done on .the remaining 121-acres of the project
area by a team of archaeologists representing RECON.
As a result of this investigation, 18 archaeological sites
were either discovered or revisited. This report is a result
of that survey. Included herein are assessments of project
impacts on the historic and prehistoric resources of the area,
and recommendations for mitigation of those adverse impacts.
I,' V
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Figure l
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This figure shows the relative lOcation of the Raricho Carrillo·project within San Diego County, Califo.-:-11ia .. ·
0 0
2 -This figure indicates the setting of the Rancho Carrillo
project aFea, and the archaeological resources found.
The area has been divided into three segments of clarity.
C
The isolated finds in this section were, -one
chopping tool (ISO VIII) an~ -one mane (I.SO XIV). Impacts
to these as well as all other isolated objects are mitigated
through their documentation.
2. Section 2. This portion of the. ·~ncho C_arrillo
area encompasses a,bout 600 acres and is the most signific~t
archaeologically. Fourteen sites were identified within this
area ranging from as recent as the Carrillo Ranch to as old
as 6,000 years B.P. (Before Present) at· SDM-W-915 (Kaldenberg
1976:np ).
The majority of the 14 ,sites identified within
this area are _small, light concentrations of. artifacts and/pr
shell and have limited archaeological potential. Three areas
are of great archaeological· and-historic potential, SDM-W-915,
SDM-W-1086 and the Carrillo Ranch area; one site of yet les-•
ser significant importance, SDM-W-1089 ,· and one site of his-
toric/aesthetic interest; SDM-W-1082, an historic cross set
in an adobe base. The other sites, although valuable for
the understanding of past lifeways, can provide. only _a limited
range of information and are. of less value.
As with other isolated finds, those found in Sec-
tion 2 have had any impacts to them mitigated by their docu-
mentation.
3. Section 3. The third section lies at the south-
western extent of the Rancho Carrillo property. It consists
of approximately 115 acres in Section 24, Township 12 South,
Range 4 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian. The area has
three archaeological resources, all -of which have been dealt
with extensively in the past (Kaldenberg 1975).
The three sites on this portion of the subject
property, SDM-W-587, SDM-W-588 and SDM-W-589, were all dis-
cussed extensively by Mr·~· Russell-.Kaldenberg. • All sites were
collected and discussed (Kaldenberg 1975). In cor.clusion of
his work, Mr. Kaldenberg felt that .. "Since the sites have been
mapped, collected and analyzed, further arc~aeological inves-
tigation is not likely to yield additional in~ormation con-
cerning the prehistoric inhabitants of Carrillo Estates.
Therefore, any potential loss of information from these ar-
chaeological sites, due to development, is considered to have
been mitigated" (Kaldenberg 1975:104).
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B. IMPACTS AL'-iD MITIGATION
Present plans at Rancho Carrillo involve direct im-
pacts· only to ·section l. • As additional areas are scheduled
for development, specific affects will be evaluated .. There-
fore, at the present time, only SDM~W-1091 is subject to di-
rect impact·s. As ·mentioned ·earlier-~_ this .archaeological re-
source is light and has been greatly· disturbed. As such, no
furhter mitigating measures can be recommended. The site
could provide very littie additional information.
The archaeological sites in Section 2 vary greatly as
to importance and therefore as to necessary mitigation. Table
l provides a synopsis of the mitigation which would be neces-
sary for these ·resources. As no specific plans have been
adopted for this area, impacts ~annot be concretely evaluated.
All sites found in Sec::tion 3 are considered :mitigated
by Kaldenberg's activities in 1975.
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Site Number·
1 •. SDM-W.;_587
2. SDM-W-588 · ..
3. SOM-W-589
4. SDM-.W-915.
5. SDM-W-1078'
6. SDM-W-1079
1. . SDM~w.:..1oao
8. SDM-W-1081
9. SDM-W-1082
10. SDM-W-1083
ll.. SDM-W-1084
12. SDM-W-1085
13. SDM.;.~-1086
14. SDM-W-1087
15. SDM-W-1088
16. SDM-W-1089
17. SDM-W-1090
18. SDM-W-1091
u, ,.;r.;:-·;,-1
'((
TABLE 1·
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Mitigation Needed Prior to
Disturbance
None·-has been mitigated
None~ has been mitigated·
None -has been mitigated
.·Excavation {Preservation pre-
ferable) • •
Collection and· analysis of-a .
sample of shell
None -·has been mitigated
None ··-· has been mitigated
None -has been mitigated
Preservation
Surface map and collection
Surface map and collection
,· ..
Surface map and collection
.,
Excavation (Preservation pre-.
ferable)
Collection and analysis of
shell
Collection and analysis of
shell
Posthole examination, test ex-
cavation and mapping
Surface map and collection
None -has been mitigated
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II. ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPACT REPORT ·
A. PROJECT SETTING
The· Rancho--Carriilo project area is located in the
City of Carlsbad, California.. It consists of 853 acres· of
land north of Rancho La, Costa, approximately 1·. 2 miles east
of Palomar Airport and 1.5 mil_es west of Lake San ·Marcos.
The entire project area encompasses the.Southeast Quarter-of
Section 24, Township 12 Sout.h, Range 4 West, and Northwest
Quarter, North Half of the Southwest Quarter, West Half of the
Northeast Quarter and the Northwest Quarter of the Southwest
Quarter of Section 19, and the south Half of-Section 18, Town-
ship 12·sou~, Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian.
The_project_area lies to the northeast of Batiquitos
Lagoon, a major re·source area for prehistoric inhabitants,
and is bisected· by -a northern tributary of San Marcos Creek.
Thip drainage.would have been.the major source of water for
aboriginal inhabitants'of the area.
Topographically, the area consists of the major cen-
tral drainage surrounded by steep to gradual sloping hills.
The slope of these hills range from a minimum o~ six percent
to a maxLuum of 25 percent with an estimated mean of 13 per-
cent. The property ranges in elevation from 120 to 420. feet.
above Mean Sea Level.
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B. GEOLOGICAL RESOURCES
Throughout time, man has had to adapt his culture
to the environmental setting in which it was located. This
involved the development of culture traits which would allow
for exploitation of local resources, be they biological or
physical.. Culture, as man's primacy adaptive mechanism, en.-
tails the utilization of available resources to provide the
means of maintaining subsistence.
Lithic materials ('stone) were-used in all aspects of
prehistoric environmental adaptation, incl~ding huntinq a.nd
vegetable food gathering and processing. An important char-
acteristic of any given location, then is the availability
of lithic resources.
Aboriginal utilization of lithic material can b~ div-
ided into two primary categories; butting and piercing imple-
ments and grinding and crushing implements. The latter of
these are made from a wide variety of materials, ranging from
fine-grained metavolcanics to coarser quartzites and granitics.
The former are produced by flaking such materials as
felsite, basalt, quartz, obsidian and other fine-grained
materials. As such, the occurrence of certain lithic materi-
als on or near a specific area is important to the occurrence
of archaeological sites.
Of prime importance to our discussion, then, is the
occurrence of g~ological resources on or near the subject
property. The presence or absence of these materials can
_ help provide an explanation for the occurrence of archaeo-
logical sites. •
Weber (1958-1959) · -_indicates that the area is an undi-
vided sandstone of Eocene origin. Cretaceous age, quartz
and grano-diorites occur at the southeastern portion of the
property. Although no fine-grained lithic materials occur on
the Rancho Carrillo property, Santiago Peak Metavulcanics are
availalle less than one mile to the east ane to the south.
There are also no outcrops of bedrock evident on the property,
an important resource for the production of milling areas.
The only lithic resource readily available on the property
would be intrusive cobbles carried into the area by both cul-
tural and natural forces.
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Topographically, the area is conducive to human oc-
cupation. The relatively fla_t areas atop the various knolls
of the-subject property, as well as the lower elevation (the
central drainage), would have supplied several areas which
are level enough for occupation._
The topography, and the availability of water then,
would make this area conducive to habitation. • The marked
lack of lithic resources, on the other hand, would detract
from its attractiveness as a camp areaD
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C. BIOLOGICAL SETTING
1. Description. Before the establishment of Euro-
pean lifeways in California,· local natives secured the essen-
tials of life directly from their surroundings. This entailed
a broad knowledge of plant and animal resources as well as
an understanding of their applicability. The Native-American
populations of San Diego County exploited a wide range of
plants and animals. From the natural resources present, they
were able to maintain a relatively stable lifestyle rarely
seen in hunting and gathering cultures today.
Although the area has been greatly impacted from
past grazing and agricultural use, a wide variety of plants·
and a.."limals still occur. The following plant list was com-
piled by Riggan (1976·) for the Rancho Carrillo and represents
a limited number of plants found on the property.
Datura meteloides
Quercus agrifolia
Rhus laurina Rhus intearifolia
Eriogonum fasiculatum
Salvia mellifera
Artemisa californica
Opuntia englemanni
Salix sp.
Adelphia californica
Nicotiana glauca
Jimson Weed
Coast Live Oak
Laurel sum·ac
Lemonade Berry
Flat Top Buckwheat
Black Sage
. ·coastal Sage Brush
Prickly Pear
Willow
California Adelphia
Native Tobacco
2. Exploitation of Biological Environment. Many of
these plants were used by aboriginal populations in Southern
Californ~a. The acorn of the Coast Live Oak (Quercus. agrif~lia)
was a primary staple for many historically known cultural
groups (Hedges 1967). The Scrub Oak was not, however, a pri-
mary food source due to the difficulty in processing of the
acorn, though it has been recorded historically as a.a emer-
gency food resource (Bean and Saubel 1972:130). Lemonade Ber-
ry (Rhus integrifolia) was also used by Native-American popu-
latioii°sof the San Diego area to produce a flavo~3d beverage
(Bean and Saubel 1972:72).
Black Sage (Salvia mellifera), Lemonade Berry
(~ integrifolia), and Prickly Pear (Opuntia englemanni)
all were used by ethnographically recorded peoples as a food
resource (Welch 1976). Past inhabitants not only obtained
food from the floral environment, but also other elements of
existence. Local aborig1nes smoked Native Tobacco (Nicotiana
glauca) used the Laurel Sumac (Rhus laurina) for medicinal
purposes, and employed the Willow (Salix sp.) as a construction
material (Welch 1976). ---
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As well as providing necessary food resources to
human populations, this plant community also supported a vari-
ety of other faunal life. These animals·added to the plant
resources to increase and diversify food resources.available
to prehistoric populations.
Riggan (1976) noted the following fauna during a bio-
logical investigation of the Rancho Carrillo area.
Western Fence Lizard
Bull Frog
Raccoon
Ground Squirrel·
Mule Deer
~otton Tail. ~abbit
Deer Mouse
Pocket Mouse
Wood Rat
Kangaroo Rat
Sceloporus occidentalis
Rana catesbiana
Procyon lotor
Spirmoplulus beecheyi
Odocorlues hemionus
Sylviligus audobuni
Peromyscus
Perognathus
Neotoma
Dipodomys merriami
As wit."1 geologic and floral resources, no single
faunal resource.would suffice to be the main motivating fac-
tor in the occupation of the Rancho Carrillo area. The wide
variety of species would,_ when· taken in their totality, pro-
vide another necessary element to prehistoric and protohis-
toric subsistence requirements.
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·D. ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY
l. Description. On 21 and 22 July, 1976, a crew
of archaeologists surveyed the 732-acres of land constituting
the major portion of the Rancho Carrillo project area. The
remainder of the subject property has been dealt with exten~
sively both.by May (1973) for David D. Smith and Associates,
and by Kaldenberg (.1975) for RECON. This additional 121-acres
were, at the time of Kaldenberg's work, known as Carrillo Es-
·tates and were dealt with intensively in. Archaeological Inves-
tigations at Rancho Carrillo Estates (Kaldenberg 1975). At
that tlllle, Kaldenberg, representing RECON, stated that any
potential loss of information from these archaeological sites
due to development, is considered to have been mitigated (Kal-
denberg 1975:104). The area dealt with by Kaldenberg corres-
·ponds to Section 3 of the Rancho Carrillo project as discussed
in this report.
A total of 104 manhours was spent in the.field
by Charles s. Bull, Supervisory Archaeologist: David Hanna,
Jr., Assistant Archaeologist/Field Supervisor; Margret Wie-.
dauer, Harvey Hatley, and Kree Easland, Archaeological Assist-
ants, all representing RECON. All accessible areas were
exar.i.ined on foot for the presence of his~oric, protohistoric
a.,d prehistoric remains.
As a result of -this survey, 18 archaeological
sites were located. These sites varied in age from the rela-
tively recent Carrillo Ranch to at least as old as 6,880±280
at SDM-W-915 (UCR-434) (Kaldenberg 1976:71), and they vary in
extent from small, sparse scatters of shell to concentrated
collections of lithic artifacts and rich midden soil.
. For. clarity this project area will be arbitrarily
divided into three sections (See Figure 2) .. Section 1 is an
irregularly shaped, 111-acre parcel in the northeastern corner
of the property. It corresponds directly to Units a and i-1
of the Rancho Carrillc Master Development.Plan. Section 2
consists of 621-acres and encompasses Units h-l, h-2, h-3, b,
c, d, e, f, i-2, j and k of the Master DPvelopment Plan.
Finally, Section 3 corresponds to Unit g of the Plan and en-
compasses 121-acres at the southwestern extent of th·e subject
property.
Both Sections 1 and 2 were subject to an on-foot
survey in conjunction with this report. Section 3 had pre-
viously been surveyed by May (1973) and dealt with extensively
by Kaldenberg (1975). As such, a re-survey of this area wotild
have been needlessly repetitious.
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In lieu of a re-survey of this area, a discussion
of the work performed previously will be presented.
2. Results of Archaeological Investigation
Section l. A single archaeological site was
located on this portion of the Rancho Carrillo property. In
addition, two isolated prehistoric artifacts were also dis-
covered.
SDM-W-1091. This site is located in the
Southwest Quarter of the Southwest Quarter of Section 18-and
the Northwest Quarter of the Northwest Quarter of Section 19,
Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian.
It lies at an elevation of about 470 feet above Mean Sea Level
and presently covers a surface area of 2,500 square meters.
This area.figure appears grossly inflated because of artifact
scatter caused by recent agricultural activity. It is not
possible to establish the original surface size of this re-
source because of this disturbance.
The entire site area is presently under cul-
tivation for tomatoes. At the time of· the initial survey,
the area had been plowed, but not yet planted. As such, ground
visibility was excellent.
The site consists of a thin scatter of ar-
tifacts including one chopping tool, one mano, several flakes,
and a sparse scatter of Aequipecten sp. and Chione sp. shell.
There is no intact midden on the site and present conditions
and activities would prevent the obtainment of any conclusive
=ultural information. Radiocarbon dates could be obtained
from the shell. The lack .of contectual information would
make the results highly dubious, while the absence of much
cultural debris would prevent any profitable gain for general
San Diego County prehistory.
Isolated Finds. In addition to the single,
disturbed site identizied in this area, two objects were
found which were not associated with any specific resolil'ces.
A single mane ISO-VIII and a chopping tool, ISO-XIV, were
found and plotted (See Figure 2).
Section 2. This portion of the project area
encompasses 14 archaeological sites. In addition to these
sites, eight isolated objects were f.ound and recorded.
Site SDM-W-915. This site is situated at
the southeast corner of the subject property. It was initially
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recorded QY Kaldenberg during his survey of La Costa (1976).
At that time he noted'"highly patinated felsite scrapers and
flakes, basalt debitage and one broken blade fragment" (Kal-
denberg 1976). ·ae also presents a Carbon·14 date of 6880::
280 B.P. (Before Present) cu·cR-434) for shellfish remains
collected from the site.
. __ The site is located in the Northwest Quarter
of the Southeast Quarter of s·ection 19, Township 12 South, •
Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian. It is at a mini-
m~~ elevation of 500 feet above Mean Sea Level and covers an
area of approximately 4,000 square meters. A profile of the
southern extent of the site, revealed by borrowing activities,
indicates a minimum depth of 35 -~entimeters.
Site: SDM-W-1078. This site is a light shell
scatter, located at the southwestern extent of· Section 2.
The site is located in the Northwest Quarter of the Southwest
Quarter of Section 19, Township 12 South, Range 3·west, San
Bernardin.a Base Meridian. It covers about 2,000 square meters
and lies· at a minimum elevation of 430 feet above Mean Sea
Level.
In addition to Chione sp., Ae~pecten sp .
and Ostrea, six small flakes were also found. the shell
and artifact concentration are light, it is apparent that use
cf· this site area wa·s quite temporary. .
• Site: SDM-W-1079. Located on the southern
extent of. the subject pr_operty, this site consists solely of
shellfish remains. We know that it is the result of past
human activity because of its minimum elevation of 490 feet,
and distance from the nearest shell resource area, 2.5 miles
to the southwest.
The site is located in the North Half of the
Southwest Quarter of Section 19, Town~hip 12 South, Range 3
West, San Bernardino Base Meridian.· It covers an area of
about 182 square meters and there is no.indication of depth.
Site: SDM-W-1080. This site, as was w-1079·
is a very light scatter of shell. No artifacts were found in
association. The site'lies at an ·elevation of 425 feet above
Mean Sea Level, and covers an area 65 square meters. The wide
dispersion ·of the shell fragments makes boundaries difficult
to determine, h~wever. •
The site falls within the Northeast Quarter
of the Southwest Quarter of Section 19, Township 12 South,
Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian.
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Site: • SDM-W-1081. SDM-W-1081 is located 0
on a finger of land which extends into the subject property
from the southeast. It has a minimum elevation of 475 feet
and lies within the Northwest Quarter of the Southeast Quarter
of Section 19, Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San Bernardino
Base Meridian.
The site covers an area 460 square meters
and consists of four flakes, two pieces of debitage and a very
light scatter of shell. There is no soil discoloration and
no evidence of a subsurface component.
0
Site: SDM-W-1082. This site is an historia 0
cross set in a plastered adobe base. • The cross sets atop·a
hill overlooking the Rancho de Las Quistes, and would appar-
ent1y date from that period.
A quick check of the historical records failed
to reveal any specific reference to the cro,ss. Structural 0
fe·atures, such as milled wooden components, nuts and bo1lts,
and "recent appearing" plaster would tend to indicate associa-
tion with the Carrillo use of the area (1938ff) rather than •
the earlier Kelly occupation in 1870.
. Site: SDM-W-1083 .. Located at an. elevation
of about 425 feet above Mean Sea Level, this site covers a
surface area 700 square meters. Six· artifacts were found
along with a .. sca-:t.ter of shell.
0
The site falls within the Southwest Quarter
of the Northeast Quarter of Section 19, T9wnship 12 South, 0
Range 3 West~ San Bernardino Base Meridian.
Artifacts identified at this site include
two flakes, three pieces of debitage and a biface (knife) frag-
ment. As with other light shell scatter·s, this site is appar-0 ently a temporary use .-_,;lrea. • The actual place of _the· site
within the lifeways of the inhabitants must involve·an analysis
o:£ sites throughout·the Batiquitos Lagoon Region, and Southern
California area.
·The general area of the site has been subject
to a high degree of disturbance. A road ·cut exists along the
southern edge of the·site, while brushing and clearing seems
to have occurred throughout the area. This, combined with an
apparent lack of depth, limits the research pc:,tential of this
site.
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Site: SDM-W-1084. This site is located in
the Northwest Quarter of the Northeast Quarter of Section 19,
Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San. Bernardino Base Meridian.
It lies at an approximate elevation of 325 feet above Mean
Sea Level, and covers an area about 1,700 square meters ..
The site is apparently a quarry area, con-
sisting of several flakes, cores and at least one tool. The
materials present here range greatly in fracturing quality,
a prime consideration in lithic technology.
There is no midden at the site and no indi-
cation .of a subsurface component.
Site: SDM-W-1085. This site lies at the
northern extent of a small side-wash which empties into the
main central valley. It is in the South Half of the Southwest
Quarter of Section 18, Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San
Bernardino Base Meridian. It has a minimum elevation of 330
,feet and covers a small" area of 100 square meters .
.
The cultural material identified·at the site
includes two flakes and a single scraper. This either repre-
sents a very limited use or a secondary deposition. Either
is possible as the site is situated between two stream cuts
and below an area near a recorded archaeological site.
Site: SDM-W-1086. This site is the most sub-
stantial prehistoric archaeological resource on the subject
property. It is located on a small knoll overlooking Carrillo
Ranch, and lies at an elevation of about 245 feet above Mean
Sea Level. . Its location can .be . described as _being wi.thin the
Northeast Quarter of the Northwest Quarter of Section 19,
Township 12 South, Range 3 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian.
The site covers an area of 2,000 square meters
with an estimated depth of midden of 40 centimeters. A wide
variety 0£ lithic artifacts were identified on the site includ-
ing scrapers, hammerstones, manes, both secondary and primary
flakes and cores. Moderate amounts of shell primarily Aeau5pec-
ten and Chione were also found at this site. -
The site is interestingly, limited to·the knoll,
and does not extend.up a small ridge to the north. In an at-
tempt to delineate tile horizontal extent of midden, soil sam-
ples were.taken from the site and adjoining are~ and tested
for pH and orthophosphate. Table 2 indicates the results of
this•test.
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TABLE 2
PH and Orthophosphates at SDM-W-1086
0
PH PO43
On W-1086 s.o 106.l
Off W-1086 s-~ o ·s.o
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Site: SDM-W-1087. This prehistoric site
is located on the side of a large s9uth·sloping hill at an
elevation of 2as--feet. • No artifacts were discovered,.but the
presence of shell ;ndicate~ human activity. As the ground
cover was to.heavy to allow for a good evaluation .of the
amount. of shell,· present estimates as to the concentration
of . the -resource must be;· heid in abeyanc~. • • • •
The site is -·located in •• the West Half of the
Northwest Quarter of Section. 19, Township 12 South, Rang:e 3
West, San Bernardino Base Meridian.
Site: .-SDM-W-l.088 :, .-This is .also a "·shell
only"· site located on-.the side -_of the same hill which sup-
ports W~l087 .. It falls within the West Half -0f the N9rthwest
Quarter of Section 19, ·Township 12 S9uth, Range·3 West, San
Bernardino Base Meridian, at an elevation of approximately
300 feet above Mean S_ea Level.
Although the shell. s·caiter at this site is
light, the resource. takes on adqed ·significance because.of
the occurrence of bean clam. • This discovery· -of the· beach
shell makes this a_ ~nique _resource.
Site: SDM-W-1089. · This site covers a sur-
face area of _a.bout 300 -~quare meters. It lies on a steep
slope of a large south-facing hill immediately above the
central valley. It fa-J.ls within .the Southeast Quarter of the
~ortheast Quarte:. of Section ·24, Township 12 South, .Range .4
West, San Bernardino Base Meridian, at an elevation of about
190 f~et above Mean .Sea Level.
This area is markedly more substantial than
the majority of the_· Ran_cho Carriilo resources with 20 flakes
and debitage_ and a wide v~ri_ety of shell-being identified.a.•
__ There is a_possibility that this site has .a culture-bearing
overburden, and thus has markedly greater research potential
tha~t the neighboring simple surface scatters.
Site: SDM-W-1090. This site lies on the
-:;outh side of the-central valley, on the eastern slope of a
north-trending finger of land. It falls within the Southwest
Quarter of ~he _Northwest Quarter of Section 19, Township 12
South, Range 3· West .. The site covers an estimated area 100
square meters, with a mean elevation of 225 feet.
location.
dent.
·Twenty flakes/debitage were 'found at this
No midden or cultural-bearing over~urden i~ evi-
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Rancho, de los Quiotes (Carrillo, Ranch). ·.·.In
addition to the numerous prehistoric resources scattered
thrqU:ghoU:t this portion of· Rancho Carrillo, an extensive his-
toric area also exists~ This· h:i.storic·, resource • is the remains
of·.~· restored early California rancho;' ·Rancho de ios Quiotes
(Ranch of the Daggers)~· The rancho: is located in the· central
por.ti~n qf t~e property and consists of a main house and a
varie,:ty,6f.-associated out-buildings· including a barn and guest house. • • , ••
The area was initially developed by Matthew
Kelly, Sr. , · in •• the 18 6 O ' s • and ·was part ·of :the Agua Hedionda
Land Grant ... The house was built: as·Mr.· Kelly's, residence.
After.Kelly's death,--his descendants abandoned the area"and
the structures fell· into disrepair· (Anonymous 1945)_. •
, In the 1930' s, Leo Carrillo purchased this
and surrounding property and restored t~e old ranch structures.
At-the time of purchase,-Carrillo wished to· re~create and
presarve an element of Californ·ia history. ··-•• ·-
Historic California is rapidly •
aisappearing. On my ne~ rancho I
wi-ll-try :,to re-create .a ·part of tl:Ia.t
romantic period '(Tribune 1976).
Leo Carri11·0 occupied the area· until his death
·in 1961. His d·aughter has lived :there since.· •
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The ranch area is very well preserved and C
as such, represents a fast-disappearing e_lement of our past.
Isolated Finds. In addition to the: numerous
archaeological sites found in this portion of the subject prop-
erty, seven objects were found which could not be directly· re-
lated to a specific site. C
Findi
ISO~
ISO II
ISO III
ISO' IV
ISO V
ISO VI
ISO VII
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Item
Mano fragment
Flake
3 Pieces debitage Flake ,
Flake (Felsi te)
Flake (Felsitef
. Flake
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Section 3. Three archaeological sites have been
described .in length by Kaldenberg (1975} for this area of
Rancho Carrillo.· The following descriptions were obtained _di-
rectly from that report.
Site: SDM-W-587. This site was a surface
quarry ·which covered an area of about 5, 3.12 square meters .
The site was located in the Southwest Quarter of the South-
west Quarter of Section 24, Township 12 South, Range 4 West,
San Bernardino Base Meridian, and lies at an elevation of 330
to 394 feet above Mean .Sea Level (Kaldenberg 1975:2).
A surface collection and mapping was per-
formed by Kaldenberg in Jaunary of 1975. As·a result, the site
no longer exists. It is preserved only in Kaldenberg's ar-
chaeological report SDM-W-587, and had 651 Native-American
artifacts all found on the surface. These included grinding
impl=uents, flakes, cores, debitage, hammering artifacts, end-
scra?ers, pushplanes and a variety of sidescrapers (Kalden-
berg 1975: 58-_72) . Basalt and andesite were the lithic materials·
best represented but quartzite also occurred. •
In summation of this resource, Kaldenberg
states:
Based upon the archaeological evidence it seems that
the major and perhaps only aboriginal activity which
occurred at the Carrillo Estates quarry site was quar-
rying and stone-tool production. The preponderant num-
ber of flakes indicates that primary stone-tool produc-
tion (the removal of flakes from cores) and perhaps
the production of core tools occurred at the quarry
site, rather than secondary retouching or refining of
tools. The paucity of debitage indicates that tool re-
finement must have occurred at another site within the
general vicinity of Carrillo Estates and La Costa prop-
erties.
Due to morphological similarities with other tools lo-
cated within the San Dieguito trad~tion, we infer that
it was persons of that archaeological techno-complex
who exploited the lithic resources contained within the
subject property. Rogers states that persons of the
San Dieguito tradition frequently employed andesite
for the maunfacture of tools (Rogers 1958: ). The
numerous recorded sites with a San Dieguito aspect near
to the lithic quarry further verify the conjectur~ that
the San Dieguito were the primary users of the extrusive
vein of andesite (Kaldenberg 1975:74).
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Site SDM-W-588. Kaldenberg described this
site as a La Jolla Complex containing she~l and a few arti-c
facts. The site is located in the Southeast Quarter of the
Southwest Quarter of Section ·24, Township 12 South, Range 4
West,·San Bernardino Base Meridian. The majority of the site
lies on property administered by the La Costa Land Company.
Kaldenberg suggests that "The portion of w-c
588 located on the subject property may represent an area
where aboriginal peoples (probably members of the La Jolla
tech.."lo-complex) processed shellfish" (1975: 75).
As with W-587, this site was also surface
collected and no longer exists. c
Site SDM-W-589. • This archaeological site
was also an aboriginal quarry. The occurrence of 18 tools
and. 48.i pieces of debitage covering an area of 3,700 square
meters and without depth suggests that tool manufacture was·
a primary function of this area.· O
The site was located in the Northeast Quarter
of the Southeast Quarter of Section 24, Township 12·south,
Range 4 West, San Bernardino Base Meridian, but as it, too,
was collected, it no longer exists independent of Kaldenberg's
report. • O
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E. CULTURAL SETTING
As well as being set in a physical and biological
environ.-rnent, a historic or prehistoric resource also exists
within a cultural setting. This involves the rel·ationship
between the creators of a given site and other sites, both
temporally, geographically and socially.
Evaluation of the cultur.al setting of a prehistoric
resource is dependent upon previous archaeological research.
The Rancho Carrillo sites should be assessed on the Batiquitos
Lagoon Regional level as well as the Southern California area
level.· Information gained during an initial survey, however,
rarely results in sufficient information to allow conclusive
evaluation at either level.
_l. Batiquitos Lagoon Region. A major.resource area,
Batiquitos Lagoon lies to the Southwest of the Rancho Carrillo
area. It extends from the Pacific Ocean inland for approxi-
mately 2.5 miles and has an average width of about .5 mile
(Mudie, Browning and Speth (1976:16). Althoug:t:,. the l_agoon
has long served as an important natural resource for man, it
is at present sealed_from the sea with tidal exchange occur-
ring very rarely.
Mudie, Browning and Speth. (1976:18) feel that
Batiquitos Lagoon was a large deep water ocean embayment until
about 2,000 years ago .. After this date it became filled with
river and stream silt and with marine sand.
That the area is important to the occupation of
past populations is evident by the large number of. prehistoric
archaeological sites which occur around the· Lagoon. Warren·
True and Eudey note 33 sites on the Lagoon. Recent work by
Kaldenberg (1975 and 1976) indicates that at least 44 archaeo-
logical sites occur in the immediate vicinity of the Lagoon.
The great amount of work which ha_s been invested in examining
the archaeological remains_has resulted in the development of
a. Batiquitos Lagoon Region for lo.cal prehistory. The area
referred to in this paper as the Batiquitos Lagoon Region lies
between Latitudes 33°06'30" West and 33°04'00" north, and be-
tween Longitudes 117°13'30" West and 117°19'30" West. The
entire area if found within the County of San Diego, Califor-
nia. Archaeological surveys have been a~complished on approxi-
mately 65 percent of this area, and a total of 102 sites have
been recorded.
f-22
The archaeological sites which were found during
the present survey expand our knowledge of this reason. Lack
of. diagnostic traits at many. of the sites greatly restricts
the potential of the area. With radiocarbon dates and further
examination of cultural information, important understanding
could be gained. C
The relationship of several sites suggest some
interesting possibilities. Sites SDM-W-1078, -1079, and -1080
are sir,.ple small shell scatters and may indicate temporary
use areas indicative ·of small population movement. • Dates
would help establish the temporal relationship of these sites G
important to understanding the regularity or irregularity of
activity in the area.
The occurrence of only· three possible midden-
bearing sites, SDM-W-1086, -1089, and -915, stigg.ests that
the area was not as extensively exploited as areas closer to 0
the Lagoon .. Large sites,. such as SDM-W-149, ·w-110 and W-147
all lie about one mile closer to the Lagoon. Additional as~
sessment of functional significance of specific Rancho Carrillo
resources and their relationship to other lagoon region sites
is d.epe.'1dent on additional information available through in-
vestigation. 0
• 2. Far Southwest Area. At the broader area level
cultural association is even more·difficult.
Se:veral reconstructions for this "Far Southwest
area" have been proposed ·and a plethora of terms for what.are
substantially like elements have been developed. In 1969,
Davis et al proposed the Paleo-Indian stage and three archaic
stages, while Warren (1968) proposed the Encinitas, Campbell,
Chumash, Shoshonean and. Yuman traditions. In 1955,Wallace
suggested four stages.of Southern California prehistory: Hori-
zon I, Early Man; Horizon II, Milling Stone; Horizon III,
intermediate; i.nd Horizon IV, Late Prehistoric. Each of these
"horizons" represents a segment.in an historical sequellce.and
as such, is a stage.
All of these reconstructions permit the examina-
tion of Southern California prehistory, but Wallace's repre-
sents a relatively unencumbered outline which provides the
best possible framework for our discussion. This is necessary,
for although little critical evaluation has been accomplished
of these segments, they permit the integration of a great
variety of data.·
f-23
0
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a. Early Man Stage. The earliest of the four
stages identified by Wallace, the Early Man Stage, is the
least represented in all of southern California. In San Diego
County, the Early Man Stage is manifest by what Malcolm Rogers
called the San Dieguito pattern (1938). He felt that this
pattern extended from the San Pedro Valley in eastern Arizona
to the Pacific Ocean and from Baja, California on the south
to Orange County on the north .
With a tool assemblage characteristic of a
subsistence pattern based upon hunting, the material culture
of the San Dieguito pattern consists of numerous types of
scrapers and scraper planes, choppers, crescentics, large
blades, and points. It has been divided into three main
phases: San Dieguito I, San Dieguito II, and San Dieguito III
with a fourth phase being tentatively identified in Baja,
California (Rogers 1966}.
San Dieguito I, the earliest phase of the
patta:n, encompasses a tool tradition fo.und throughout San
Diego and the Far Sout~west:, but has yet to be defined in pub-
lication for that portion of San Diego County west of the La-
guna Mountain watershed. Artifacts which characterize this
phase include relatively crude stone tools consisting primarily
of cho9pers and large flakes produced by percussion flaking,
sleeping circles, trail shrines and varied rock alignments
(Rog~rs 1966).
The second phase, San Dieguito II, is the
first to be identified west of the Laguna Mountains watershed.
Rogers recorded 52 sites in the county containing cultural
-material representative_of this phase (Rogers 1966:178-184).
Though the dating of this phase is not explicit, its introduc-
tion has been estimated at about 12,000 years B.P. (Before
Present). The tool assemblage is characterized by improved
flaking techniques and better types of tool materials, which
result in more standardized and predictable tool types, and
the absence of association with sleeping circles (Rogers 1966:
60) •
Artifact assemblages reportedly representative
of the third phase of the San Dieguito pattern, San Dieguito
III, have been identified throughout San Diego County and prob-
ably persisted until 8,500 or 7,500 years B.P. (Warren and
True 1961:263). • The basic difference between this phase and
the previous one is the appearance of pressure flaking and
the increase in the use of more fine-grained lithic materials
such as chalcedony, chert and jasper.
f-24
With a marked lack of absolute dating, it is
impossible to determine whether all three of these phases are,
in fact, temporally distinct, or simply regional manifestations
of similar tool assemblages. The broad geographic distribu-
tion of materials assigned to this pattern combines with the
lack of absolute dates and stratified, dual component deposits
to caution the archaeologist against inferring a genetic rela-
tionship between the people who established each of these di-
verse archaeological assemblages.
One of the few San Diego County archaeological
sites with subsurface materials of the San Dieguito phase is
the Harris Site (SDM-W-198). This site (Warren 1966) has no
stratigraphic evidence delineating the phases of the pattern
as discussed above, but does have a Milling Stone Stage com-
pone~t overlying-the San Dieguito component. This superposi-
tion of a datable milling element allows for the application
of a minimum date for the San Dieguito pattern. Dates of be-
~~een 7,000 and 8,000 B.P., which were presented by Warren
(196.7) for this milling component, thus provide a minimum date
for the underlying San Dieguito III strata.
Recently Kaldenberg and Bull have noted the
L~clusion of limited amounts of milling activity within the
later portions of the San Dieguito III phase (Kaldenberg and
Bull 1975:111).· Although this has yet to be demonstrated
conclu~ively, it suggests two interesting possibilities.
Either there is evidence for a continum from the San Dieguito
pattern of the Early Man Stage to the appropriate pa~tern of
the Milling Stone Stage, or the temporal placement of the San
Dieguito pattern as temporally distinct from Milling Stone
Stage patterns is· incorrect. We will examine both of these
possibilities later.
. .
One criteriurn which has emerged for the iden-
tificat'ion of San Dieguito pattern sites is the occurrence of
highly patinated flaked lithic artifacts. Sidescr.apers, flakes,
blades and knives which have a "high" degree of.patination have
traditionally been assessed as being of San Dieguito origin._
Because there has be~n no \qork done de.inonstrat~.ng conclusively
that patination must be a slow continuous process, this argu-
ment does not hold. Future work needs to be done assessing
the occurrence of patinated artifacts with demonstra~ility
more recent material such as milling, ceramics and cremation.
. b. Milling Stone Stage. Following the Early
Man s·tage, Wallace identified a period in which subsistence
was based primarily upon gathering. Labeled the Milling Stone
Stage, this element is represented throughout the coastal re-
gion of Southern Californi~ by a variety of cultural patterns.
f-25
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These oatterns stretch from below the Mexican border to north
of Santa Barbara, and exhibit numerous similar manifestations.
They all possessed crude chopping and scraping tools, practiced
inhumation and subsisted primarily on vegetal and sea food re-
sources, as evidenced by the profuse number of grinding imple-
ments.
In San Diego County, archaeologists have iden-
tified the La Jolla pattern as-belonging to the Milling Stone
Stage. This pattern was first recognized by Malcolm Rogers
in 1929, when he identified them as the "shell midden people."
He delineated this pattern as being'characterized by numerous
shell middens containing metates, manes, hammerstones and tes-
hoa flakes, with a noticeable lack of flaked stone implements
and ceramics. Further research of this pattern has resulted
in an expanded list of criteria for its delineation which in-
cludes a material assemblage of Olivella beads, retouched
flakes, flexed burials and an economic subsistence based.on
the collection of seeds and shellfish.
Rogers gave.the-pattern its present name and
at the same time divided it into two phases, La··Jolla ·I and
La Jolla II (Rogers 1945:171). Moriarty described the La Jolla
I phase-as having ... "crude flat surfaced milling slabs and
shallow basined metates accompanied by both unifacial and bi-
facial rnanos-. The artifact. assemblage is· based on a rather
crude cobblestone, chopper-scraper typology, all of which are
percussive" (Moriarty 1966:21) ..
La Jolla II is distinguished by the appear-
ance of drilled and polished stone implements. .There is a
marked increase in the variety of bifaced artifacts and a
development of more refined tools (Moriarty 1966:19).
Moriarty also proposed another phase of the
La. Jolla pattern, La Jolla III. This phase is distinguished
from the previous·two phases solely by a change in the geo-
graphical location of. the sites. As the peoples represented
by thee La Jolla pattern developed, environmental stress made
it necessary for them to move inland away from the coastal la-
goons which-were constantly decreasing in their productivity
(Moriarty 1966:19). •
The La Jolla pattern has been delineated for
an area extending from south of San Diego to the.San Diego -
Riverside County linecin the north, and from the Pacific Ocean
to approximately four miles inland. It.has been dated by
radiocarbon from as early as 7,370=100 to as late as 3,700:
250 B.P. (Hubbs, Bien and Suess 1960}'. Warren places the span
of time encompassed by the La Jolla pattern at from about
7,500 to 1,950 B.P. (Warren 1968:2.). This more recent date
f-26
of 2,000 B.P. is further substantiated by dates recovered by
P.H. Ezell at the Las Flores site. Here-Ezell· dated-shell
remains in conjunction with. inhu."llations at 1,600 B.P. (Ezell
1975:57). This date was later revised to approximately 2,000
B.P. (Bull 1975:70). We can, then, assign a time span of ap-
. proximately-6,000 years, from 8,000 to 2,000 B.P. for ·the _es-
tablishment and existence of La Jolla .pattern Milling Stone
Stage sites. •
-It has been noted in several sources that the
termination of the La Jolla pattern-corresponded to .a gradual
reduction of shellfish resources available from the coastal
lagoons of San Diego County. Shumway,· Hubbs and Moriarty
(1961) have presented evidence for a markedly different phy-
siographic condition for the coastal area of San Diego County
during the Milling Stone Stage. By examining the types and
amount of shell which occur at La Jolla sites, ·they conclude
that" ... during the period from 7,300 years ago or earlier,
until at least 3,700 years ago,· the shore north of La Jolla
was considerably more rocky than at present'with estuaries
sufficiently deep and in sufficient contact with the·· sea to
maintain, in bay-like conditions, flourishing populations of
pectsn a:id Chione. These conditions would be met by a rapidly
risin; sea level during which the accumulation of shore sand
would be kept low ... " (Shumway, Hubbs and Moriarty 1961:113).
Shtu~way, et· al (1961) feel that San Diego County lagoons sup~
ported sizeable amounts of shell until ~bout 1,000 years ago.
Warran, True and Eudey hypothesize that the
termination.of the La Jolla pattern corresponded with an en-
vironmental shift on the Southern California coast. In research
undertaken around Batiquitos Lagoon, archaeologists propose
the gradual reduction of accessible shell.• food resources and
the subsequent abandonment of the coastal region. _Warren, et
al propose that at about 2,050 B.C., the coastal lagoons of
San Diego County were silted in sufficiently to reduce the
quantities of available shellfish· (Warren, True and Eudey 1961).
"Approximately 4,000 years ago, lagoons were
silted in enough to reduce the number of shellfish available
to prehistoric populations of the area." (warren, ·True and
Eudey 1961: 25.)
This shift is further documented by dates
recently obtained at Green Valley Knolls with the dating of
a marked decline in the occurrence of shellfish remains. at
3,300 B.P. (Kaldenberg and Hatl~y 1976) .. Warren and Pavasic
propose that silts transported by streams covered any rocky
shores that existed in the lagoons.
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nThe rock dwelling shellfish decreased in
number and were repla~ed by those dwelling on the sandy bea-
ches and mud flats." (Warren.and Pavesic 1961:424.)
1 Warr~n-, True and Eudey (1961) suggest that
this movement of the La Jolla peoples·may have resulted in
the establishment of. the nPauma Complex." ':t'he Pauma variant
is characterized by flaked stone implements much like those
of the San Dieguito pattern, but,unlike the San Dieguito pat-
tern, the Pauma variant has a high number of grinding imple-
ments. This would indicate an association with a milling
tradition (True 1958). The possibility exists that the Pauma
variant is related to. _those assembiages which Wallace refers
to as Intermediate patterns. If so, it would ·provide evidence
for the existence of a hunting-like pattern in San Diego.
This.will be examined further in a subsequent discussion of
the hunting pa'j:tern.
North of San Diego County, ' a number of ·ar-
chaeological maµifes-t;ations similar to the .La Jolla have bean.
reported. Perhaps the most extensive of these make.up the
patter.n known as .11oak. Grove.°'' Initially identified by David
Banks. Rogers, the Oak Grove· ·pattern is defined by the occur-
rence of metates, manes and large flint flakes that have been
roughly retouched (Rogers 1929: 352-353) . .This pattern has
been expend·ed to include. crude projectile points, a reliance
on gathe.ring of seeds· and a burial of inhumation. •
. The pattern has been dated by carbon 14 at
several Southern· California sites. ·At the Glen Annie Canyon
Site, Owens presents dates which range from 6,380=120 to
·7,270±120 years ago. A date of 3,000 B.P .. was obtained from
a site at Zuma Creek {Bright 1965:370), while materials from
the World Medical Center were dated at 2;000 B.P. (Kaldenberg
and Bull 1975).
Archaeologists do not propose an end to the
peoples of the Oak Grove, pattern~ rather, they suggest a con-
tinual occupation of the coast· by two basic tool traditions.
The Oak Grove p~ttern represents the milling tradition, with
.the Hunting pattern being iµtroduced into the record around
5,000 B.P. (Harrison and_ Harrison 1966:34), and representing
a hunting tradition. The Hunting pattern will be discussed
in more--detail at a later time. It is important to note here
that some individuals believe that an amalgamation of these
groups developed into the more recent Canalino a~i thus the
Chumash which were the historically recorded native pop~la-
tion of the Santa Barbara area. -
f-28
Between San Diego and Santa Barbara Counties,
the Milling Stqne Stage is represente_d by a number of sites
which share numerous traits, The Little Sycamore Site {Wal-
lace 195_4) , Glen ~nie Canyon (Owen, Curtis and Miller 1964) ,
the Browne Site {Greenwood 1969), Topanga Canyon (Treganza
and Bierman 1958), Malaga Cove L~ve1:2 (Walker 1952) and Zuma
Creek (Peck 1955) all have characteristics which would allow
their placement wi~hirt the Milling Stone Stage. Invariably.
the burial pattern is one of inhumation·, subsistence·· is based
on the g~thering of foods rather than hunting·, and all have
a relatively high quantity of grinding implements.
• ~ , '
Warren combines the sites of the Milling
Stone Stage within.what he.terms the "Encinitas Tradition"
{Warren 1968). Warren defines 'this tradition as a "well de-
veloped collection economy" (Warren 1968:6), which.is oriented
toward the collection of piny~n, pine cones, and hollyhock,
as well.as a wide variety of shellfish. He proposes-an end
to the tradition at about l A.D. ---in San 'Diego County and between
3,000 and l, 500 • B.c·. in Santa Barbara County. . . The final determination of the end.of the Mill-
ing Stone Stage is dependent· upon the relationship·-of the pat-
terns of that ·stage to patterns. which have been found to be
more racent. In Wallace's discussion·of Southern-California
prehistory, he; ·delinea~ed a· third group of artifact inventor-
ies whi:=h ·he referred to as the "Intermediate Cultures" {Wal-
lace 1955~221). When he defined this period, he included the
nw--iting people of Santa· .Barbara, the San Dune Site of Ventura
County, the Big Tujunga Wash site in the San Fernando Valley
and the second phase of ·the La Jolla pattern,· La Jolla II,. in
San Diego County. The San Diego aspect of this stagewas.not,
however, consistent with the other patterns throughout Southern C~lifornia. ·_
Excluding San Diego County, the major
cul tura1· :change during this period aside f rem
an increased dependence upon hunting,·was the
shift in grinding implements from the milling·
and hand~stone combination to the mortar-pestle,
though the former continued in use on· a red~=ed
scale_ (Wallace 1955 :222).
Because radiocarbon did not maintain the tem-
poral distinctiveness of these patterns--from those of the.Mill-
ing Stone Stage, the "Intermediate" is not presented as a sep-
arate ·stage. Patterns which:have assemblages similar· to those
which Wallace. included within his Intermediate· stage must be
dealt with as contemporaneous with Milling Stone patterns.
f-29
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---------------
Their differences; then, do not reflect change over time, but
rather cultural variation within~ given location.
Perhaps the most characteristic pattern of
this variant .is the Hunting pattern _of ·the Santa Barb_ara area.
This pattern was initially described by D. B. Rogers as con-
sisting primarily of _.flakecl li thic implements with the intro-
duction of· the basket mortar. • Spear and knife blades are des-
cribed as being large, usually lea:c-shaped, and· without stem
or notches. ~rojectile po•ints are, as a whole, heavy, broad,
and -wickedly barbed. • The materials of which they are made
vary. greatly _and include quartz, chert, ·chalcedony and obsidian
(Rogers 1929). There is a noticeable increase in .the amount
of bone at Hunting sites as compared with those of the·oak •
Grove patter_n for ·the same area~ • Rc:>gers mentions great quan-
tities-of. shell£ ish, .a noticeable lac~ of whale remains, small
to medium sandstone bowls, .massive shell and stone beads, red
ochre _and asphaltum making up the distinguishing characteris-
tics of this pattern. Harrison and·Harrison (1966),· include
whale bone-as a Hunting.pattern cultural element. . • ·-' -
. Th~ most complete assessment of the Hunting
pattern resulted from the investigation of·Aerophysics •site.
(SBA-53). Harrison and Harrison propose· the delineation of
two phases for the Hunting pattern: the Extranos Phase and
the Del Mar Phase· (Harrison and Harr~son 1966). Diagnostic
characteristic~ of the earlie.r ·Extranos Phase include:
ll Equal pr·oportions cf. milling stones and
mullers, _ compared to_'. stone vessels and . pes-:tles. ·.: • • ' ·· • • · • ·
2) Large sid.e-notch~d_ ·and stemmed projec-
tile points and· bl~des. •
3) The·use 'of asphalt restricted·to mending
stone vessels ..
4) Fully" "flexed burials '( f reguent.ly on the
---back. . .-..
5)_ • Use of scrap,3r. blades.
6), Emphasis on sea and large land mammals, .
the larger species of fish, and large
var~etie~ of s~ellfish.
o·iagnostic trai t_s· which· s_et the more recent
Del Mar Phase from. the_ . Extranos ~re: •
" _Basket mortars and pestles.
2) -Asphalt_ for ·basket _mortars and for haft~
ing points and blades.
3) Shell .and stone. bea4s.
f-30
4) Fully flexed burials (face down).
5) Abalone dishes.
6") Red -.ochre in graves-.
7) Occasionally an exte_nded burial.
_ Warren (1968) reassociates the sites and pat-,
terns of Wallace's Intermediate stage, and 'by usin_g the Hunt-
ing pattern of Santa Barbara to characterize this element, he
proposes the establishment of the'"Campbell Tradition." This
Tradition is identified for .areas _of Santa Barbara, Ventura--.
and Los Angeles Counties with only a brief,: poorly represented
• intrusion into San Diego, _County .. The· Campbell Tradition is
characterized by a tool assemblage consisting of f-inely worked
knives and points,. • the introduction of _t~e µiortar and pestle,
and, the movement_away from re~iance. on gathered vegetable· and
shellfish resources toward an increased dependence on hunting ..
Warren felt that this tradition was not evident in. San Diego
County except for one ptjssible exception at.Locus II of the
Harris Site (SDM-W-198). He proposed the .continual occupation
of the San Diego Coast._ by Milling Stone Stage peoples until
the onset of. th.e Late Prehis·toric • Stage with l±ttle or no no-
ticeable in:terruption,. • • •
Warren· dates the Campbell Tradition at from
4980 years ago (Warren ·1968:3) until the-'onset of the Late Pre-
historic and the'emergence of the·Chumash. This• date is fur"'.:"
ther substantiated by radiocar~on measurements of 2940 and
2670.B.C. taken.on shell_samples·by Harrison-and Harrison
(1966:34). These dates are significant in that they place
the Campbell Tradition in the Santa Barbara area at the same
time as the Oak Grove-pattern of the Milling Stone Stage. Al-
though they admit to the contemporaneity of these two patterns,
they feei that the patterns represent two distinct popuiations
with two di:stinct cultural heritages.
___ rn summary, then, contemporaneity between
these-·two phases is substantiated by radio-
carbon dates. Comparison between their re-
spective cultural inventories reveal sig-
nificant cultural eifferences. Seasonal
occupations as a cause of these distinc-
tions are ruled.out because both phases
share a common ·phy·s'ical· environment, and
because they possess completely different
and .mutually exclusive.burial patterns.
The con6lusion seems inescapable--these
phases represent c~lturally variant socie-
ties existing side by sid_e • in the same ar-
chaeological region (Harrison and Harrison
1966:69).
f-31
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The mutual· exclusivity of burial patterns
mentioned above seems somewhat indefe~sible, both patterns
exhibiting flexed inhumations. Also, the sharing of a com-
mon environment is questionable as acceptable criteria in
that a number of sites have been excavated with limited amounts
of material assigned to both patterns, i.e., Zuma Creek (Peck
1955) and Topanga Canyon (Johnson 1966).
Without further evidence, it is difficult
to state conclusively that the Encinitas Tradition and the
Campbel.l Tradition, more specifically the Hunting-pattern and
the Oak Grove pattern, are distinct cultural groups. This is
complicated by the lack of Campbell Tradi.tion ele:i.nents in San
Diego County.
Warren. points out certain changes in San Di-
ego assemblages at about 3,000 B.C. "Projectile points occur
more regularly, but are still rare and mortars and pestles
occur for the first time though few in number" (Warren 1968:3).
With the discovery of the "Pauma Complex" (True 1958) and the
'increasing inclusion. of milling into typically hunti.ng assem-
blages (Kaldenberg and Bull 1975) as well as within Locus II
of the Harris Site (Warren 1966), the possibility that a pat-
tern quite .similar to the Hunting pattern does exist in San
Diego County. If there is an equivalent pattern in San Diego,
the possibility that the Campbell:Tradition and the Encinitas
Tradition are both manifestations of the same cultural group
is increased.
c. Late Prehistoric. Three Late Prehistoric
Stage patterns have been suggested for the San Diego area:
the Cuyamaca pattern, the Yuman pattern and the .San Luis Rey
pattern.
C. W. Meighan (1954) identified a pattern of
the Late Prehistoric Stage for the north portion of San Diego
County. The San Luis Rey I and II ·variants of the San Luis
Rey pattern are presented by Meighan as representing the re-
mains of direct ancestors of the historically recorded occu-
pants of the area. San Luis Rey I is characterized by bed-
rock and slab metates, small oval manos, either bifacial or
unifacial, bedrock mortars with a rare cylindrical pestle,
small triangular projectile points, usually with a concave
base and straight sides, stone pendants, Olivella disc and
spire-lopped beads and quartz crystals. The second phase of
this pattern includes all of the above traits with -the.inclu-
s_ion of ceramic vessels, tubular pipes, cremation urns, red
and black pictographs, historic artifacts, and grooved stea-·
tite arrow straighteners.
f-32
The extent of this pattern is not yet known.
Several sites have been identified as San Luis Rey II with
only the type site excavated by Meighan. fitting.the defini-
tions for San Luis Rey I. Presently there are no available
absolute dates for these San Luis Rey II sites~ The fact
that some have historic artifacts indicates that they were
occupied into contact times, circa 1770. Dates, however, are
available for other Late Prehistoric patterns and-through
association we may be able to assess the establishment of
this pattern.
Another Late Prehistoric.Stage pattern, the
Yuman pattern, was defined by M. Rogers (1945) as a Late Pre-
historic ceramic culture which expanded from the Colorado
River westward approximately 1,000 years ago. The pattern
was divided into three phases, Yuman I, Yuman II and Yuman III,
only the last of which was thought to have penetrated into
·San Diego County (Figure 3)..
Rogers proposes a Southern California origin
for his Yuman pattern as evidenced by the similarities between
La Jolla II and Yuman III. He admits, however, that there is
no absolute connection between the two patterns (Rogers 1945:
171). He maintains an easterly movement of Yuman populations
from the Pacific. l:ittoral· to the Colorado River Valley and
a r.a--expansion of those people-after they have adopted cer-
tain culture traits common to that area.
The distinctions drawn by Rogers between the
three phases of the Yuman pattern were based primarily on
ceramic details, but Yuman II and III are generally richer in
deposit than the earlier Yuman·I. All phases of the pattern
have metates, manes, beads and pendants, ceramics, cobble chop-
pers, flake scrapers, gravel pictographs, trail shrines, and
petroglyphs. Rogers also mentions a noticeable lack of lithic
projectile points, with. the latter two phases having bedrock
mortars, circular clay--walled hearths, and disposal of the
dead by cremation. (Rogers 1945).
'l:he final phase of the Yuman pattern, Yuman
III, purportedly represents the introduction of ceramic mater-
ials into San Diego County. The beginning of the Yuman III
period is marked by several population shifts, some of which
must have been of considerable magnitude and rather abrupt in
nature (Rogers 1945:192). It is this third phase as proposed
by Rogers which-would represent the archaeological remnants
.of the ancestors of the historical inhabitants of the southern
portion of San Diego County.
r : t...
JC
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Figure 3 -This. figure indicates tpe boundariE?s of maximum
areas of Yuman I (dotted line), Yuman II (dot and
dash line), and Yurnan III (dash line) (Rogers 1945).
C
The final significant Late Prehistoric pat-C
tern in the San Diego area is the "Cuyamaca Complex" proposed
by D. L. True (1970). Through his work in the Cuyamaca Rancho
State Park, he differentiated this pattern from the previously
defined San Luis Rey pattern by listing the following criteria
evident within the former but not the latter.
1) Defined cemetery areas apart from living
areas.
2) Use of grave markers.
3) Cremations placed in urns.
4) Use of specially-made mortuary-offerings
such as miniature vessels, miniature
shaft straighteners, elaborate projectile
points, etc.
5) Cultural preference for side-notched pro-
jectile points.
6) Substantial numbers of scrapers, scraper
planes, etc., in inventory contrast to
_small numbers in San Luis Rey area on
this time plane. • . ..
7) Emphasis and stress placed on the use of·
ceramics. Wide range of forms.and several
specialized ceramic items such as rattles,
bow pipes, effigy forms, etc.
8) Steatite industry.
9) Substantially higher frequency of mill-
ing-stone elements when compared to San
Luis Rey.
10) Clay-lined hearths (Truel970:53-54).
The geographical extent of the Cuyamaca pat-
tern has not been determined. This is due in part to the ..
lack of archaeological investigation subsequent to its identi-
fication.
Local prehistorians have, generally, tended
to approach the Late Prehistoric Stage as though it inherently
represents the direct ancestral remains of ethnographically
recorded populations~ •
In this light, Warren proposes three "tradi-
tions" within the Late Pr-ehistoric Stage. These traditions
correspond to the three major linguistic groups of the area~
"Chumash, Shoshonean and Yuman" (Warren 1968:1). He presents
the Chumash material culture as being highly developed tech-
nologically. Among the artifacts characteristic of this pattern,
Warren lists: bowls, mortars, pestles, stone balls, grooved
stones, doughnut-shaped stones, stone beads, pendants, pipes,
tubes, effigies of mammals, stylized objects, chipped stone
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artifacts including large and small projectile points, drills,
scrapers, and a variety of shell and bone artifacts (Warren
1968:3-5). The burials of this group are usually flexed, face
down, with· their heads ori~nted either west or north. They
are usually located in cemeteries and are frequently marked
by whale bone (Warren 1968:5).
The Chumash are spread over an area of Santa
Barbara, Ventura and portions of .Los Angeles Counties. This
"Chu.1nash Tradition" was dealt with by o. B. Rogers as the
Canalino culture (1929). It was divided into three develop-
me,.,,tal phases and "was the most elaborate of the late coastal
manifestations and marks the peak of California Indian cul-
ture" (Wallace 1955:224).
Areas to the south of the Chumash we.re oc--
cupied by what Warren calls the Shoshonean and Yuman tradi-
tions. He relates these traditions with the Cuyamaca and San
Luis Rey patterns, respectively. The relation.ship, however,
is highly speculative and a.great deal of work is needed to
eit.~er substantiate or disprove such claims.
The exact relationship between these archaeo-
logical patterns and ethnographically recorded populations
has not, to date, been determined. Meighan feels that the re-
lationship of his San Luis Rey pattern and the historically
recorded Luiseno is obvious and will, no doubt, be concretely
established. Rogers' entire hypothesi~ is based on the as-
sumption that a correlation between archaeological manifesta-
tions and ethnographically recorded peoples is justified.
McGowan (1955) has made an attempt to associate Temeku with
the recorded·Luiseno.
That a relationship.between archaeologically
obtained evidence and historic, etjlnographically obtained in-
formation can lead to valuable understanding of the archaeo-
logical record is not in question. The connection of entire
archaeological patterns with historically known groups, how-
ever, is a risky business and should be approached cautiously.
d. Summary. We have been dealing with a myriad
of archaeological constructions of a relatively uniform set
of data. The work of numerous individuals have resulted in
a variety of terms for substantially like elements. Figures
4 and 5 indicate the relationship of several prehistoric
constructions proposed for the Pacific littoral of Southern
.California. These can be,summarized to allow for a relatively
complete picture of archaeologically recorded prehistory.
San Diego Los Angeles Ventura Santa Barbara
I
Diegueno Canalino Canalino Canalino I -Malaga Cove IV II
2,000
La Jolla II Big Tujunga III
Sand Dune ./ Hunting -
La Jolla I· Malaga Cove II Little Syca-Oak Cove -more -. --Dieguito Malaga Cove I San La Brea
6,00(' -Los Angeles
Man· --. 9,000 ..
The cultural developmental scheme proposed by Wallace (1955)
San Diego Los Angeles Ventura .Santa Barbara
Diegueno Shosho-Ch_umash Chumash
-nean
Early Yuman Malaga Cove III Early Canalino Early Canalinc
2,000 -
La Jolla II -
La Jolla I -
6,000 -
-
-·
San Dieguito
Big· Tujunga
Zuma Creek
Malaga Cove II
Topanga II
Topanga I
Malaga Cove I?
l Little Syca-
more
Hunting
Oa}c Cove
9,0001---------....... -----------------------------1 The cultural developmental scheme proposed by Treganza and
Bierman (1955)
Figure 4
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2,00(
6,00C
9,000
2,00
6,00
I San Diego Los Angeles Ventui::a Santa Barbara
Yuman Shoshonean Chumash Chumash -., ------------.
-I C a m. P b e .1 1 T r a d-i t i 0 n
' -' I ---------------------E n C i n i t a s Traditicn
--E n C ·i n ; t a s T r a d i t i 0 n --------I .
' San Die-' -guito ' '
The cultural developmental .scheme proposed by. Warren (1968)
San Diego Los Angeles
San Luis Re Malaga Cove IV
~\ \ Malaga Cove III
\,\\~\
\
~O!.LA 0 Malaga Cove II .\ \ \\
\\',, \ \\'
\ \ \ \ \ \ \, Malaga Cove I -------
Transitional
San Diegui to
Ventura
Toi:,anga III
'I'opanga II
Topanga I
Santa Barbara
-Canalino
Hunting
OAK
GROVE
9,00r--------_..;;.._ _______ _;_..;... ______ ....:.... _______ _J
The cultural developmental scheme proposed by Kowta (1969)
Figure 5
We have proposed a developmental design for
local.prehistory which includes three ·basic stages of develop-
ment. The first of these, the Early Man Stage, has not been
identified north of San Diego County. The actual existence
of a distinct Early Mart Stage in San Diego County has been
brought into question by the discovery of milling elements
·at Rancho Del Dios (Kaldenberg and Bull 1975) and the noted
occurrence of a milling element at the Harris site (Warren
1966), both of which have "typical" San Dieguito III materi-
als.
This stage has been temporally assessed as
having originated sometime prior to 10,000 years ago and per-
sisting in the desert areas, and perhaps on the coast of San
Diego County until approximately 8,000 years ago.
Following the Early Man Stage, archa~ologists
have defined the Milling Stone Stage, a period in which there
appeared an increased dependence on gathering. . It spans a
broad range of time encompassing at least 6,000 years from
.about 8,000 to 2,000 B.P. During this same time period,.a
pattern emerged in the Santa Barbara-Los Angeles area which
is marked by a tool kit indicating extensive hunting activity.
This hunting element has yet to be identified for San Diego
County, but t.'i-iere is a possibility that the Pauma pattern
represents the San Diego expression of this pattern.
The Late Prehis~:oric Stage is the f.inal peri-
od of prehistory for Southern California. Evidence seems to
indi_cate that archaeological remains identified with this
stage represent the direct ancestral remains of historically
recorded Native Americans. Several patterns have been pro-
posed for assemblages of Late Prehistoric· Stage. San Luis
Rey I and II, Cuya.maca, and Yuman I, II, and III are all found
in San Diego County, with the Canalino (Chumash) representing
this stage on the Southern California coast north of Orange
County.
e. Problems. Several problems are evident with
the prehistoric framework developed for Southern California
in general, and San Diego County in particular. By adequately
delineating these problems, a great deal of the presently su-
pervenient r·esults of the public archaeological process can
be predicted~ San Diego County archaeology needs revaluation
on two levels: the developmental level and the structural
level. Although both aspects are coordinated, they are dealt
with here as distinct entities to allow simplified evaluation.
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The "structural" aspect of the prehistoric
framework refers here to the nature and· relative position of
prehistoric archaeologically defined components. The nature
of the artifact assemblage, absolute temporal assessment and
other inferred cultural elements constitute the structural
aspect· of the archaeological rec.ord ..
The "developmental" aspect, on the other
• hand, refers to the activities of the-people involved in the
creation and maintenance of the structural elements.· Migra-
tions, seasonal _exploitation cycles, and other developmental
cultural elements const~tute the developmental aspect .
. Structural. The structural problems of
San Diego County prehistory deal primarily with the defini-
tion of the patterns and stages .. The most pressing of these
is the definition of Sa~ Dieguito III assemblages.-To date,
little conclusive evidence exists maintaining the cultural
continuity of the thre~ phases of the San Dieguito pattern.
This also calls ~nto question the relationship of .two as-
se~.blages identified as San Diegui~o III and .Milling Stone
Stage, La Jolla pattern sites~
Structural probl_ems are also evident in the
definition ot the La Jolla pattern. Little in the way of·
infer.nation of seasonal variation of the peoples responsible
fer this pattern has been presented in the literature. In
conj~"'lction, work needs to be done-w:i th the inland mai, ifes-
·tation, whatever it may be, of the Milling Stone Stage .
. The greatest amount of infonnation presently
available deals.with the Late Prehistoric Stage.· This is not
because of more successful investigations of Late Prehistoric
patterns, but rather .results from the assumed relationship of·
these patterns with ethnographicall.y recorded popul.ations.
What is needed,· therefore, -i~ additional substantiation of
this assumption of cultural.continuity between Late Prehistoric
Stage patterns and historically known populations.
Developmental. Structural problems can only
see resolution in the clarifica~ion of developmental questions.
Only by elucidating· the actiyities which resulted in the ob-
served structural elements will we be able to explain prehis-
toric framework components.
Developmental questions which are of primary
concern at this time deal-with the nature of the relationship
between the originators of ... the San Diegui to III-and the La
Jolla patterns. This involved additional research into the
temporal placement.of each pattern. If such·research maintains
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the present assumption of chronotogical distinction, questions
about the continuity of occupation between San Dieguito and
La Jolla manifestations must be· asked. In conjunction,. re-
search should be oriented toward comparing tool.assemblages
of the three phases of the San Dieguito pattern in an attempt
to determine the nature of its development and subsequent 0
deposition.
Kaldenberg (1976) proposes that evidence at
the Rancho Park North Site indicates a continuity between the
San Dieguito III and La Jolla patterns. Evidence pre.sented
by Kaldenberg consists of continuity of several tool types as 0
well as use of shell food throughout the vertical extent of
the deposit. Continual occupation of the San Diego Coast from
San Dieguito III to La Jolla I is complicated by the lack of
an Early Man Stage-pattern in northern· Southe~n .California.
With the continual occurrence·of the.Milling Stone Stage through
coastal Southern California and an Early Man Pattern limited 0
to the San Diego area, .the only explanation allowing for gene-
tic relationship of San Dieguito· and La Jolla would involve
the expansion of the Milling Stone Stage from the San Diego
area.
This brings into quest1on the nature of the 0
relationship between the Early Man Stage pattern and the·
M!lling Stone Stage pattern in San Diego County.
If research does not maintain the temporal
separation of.these stages, a complete revision of the pre-
historic framework must be achieved. Investigations would 0
then have to be oriented toward assessing the genetic rela-
tionship of both groups, _the San Dieguito III and the La Jolla.
Fina.l.ly, research· questions oriented toward
an understanding of the relationship between Milling Stone
Stage and Late Prehistor.ic Stage patterns are also important 0
in testing the ·applicability of the, present prehistoric frame-
work. Are the assump't:ions made by Moriarty (1966) and Roger!3
(1945) which maintain continual occupation of the San Diego
Coast by La Jolla populations and .then by a merging of those
groups with desert cultures establishing the _Late Prehistoric,
Yuman valid., or, as proffered by Bull (1975), was the coast 0
abandoned with the resulting gap being filled by expanding
Yuman and :t.uisenic populations?
A .complex explanation o·f prehistoric develop-
ment for coastal Southern California was presented·by Bull
(1975). This proposal correlated linguistic evidence with 0
the archaeological record·to arrive at an explanation of pre-
historic ,d1:velopment. At that time, :it· was proposed that the
.Q
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onset of the Mi:!.ling Stone :Stage of coastal Southern Cali-
fornia, then corresponds to a group of Proto-Chumash, Proto-
Seri speakers. Th!i!Y per.sisted on the coast until around 1500
B.P. at which time Late Prehistoric stages appear. ' .,. ' .
Placement of the Rancho ·carrillo·prehistorfc
archaeological. sites within this framework is dependent upon
the presence or absence of certain, critical_elements. The·
definition of any given s-t;~-ge, phase or. pattern is accompl_ished
by a lis_ting. of nominal cr.i teria·; lack of these diagnostic
traits, then, prohibits assessment within the framework.
_ All but one of the prehistoric archaeological
sites at Rancho_-Carrillo .lack the necessary c;haract~ristics
to per.nit.placement within the cultural framework as_ developed
to date. This_ is not unusuai: at the survey stage of. archaeo-
logical research because of the limited amount of information
ga t..i.e.:-ad.
SDM-W-9-15,' has been dated by Carbon 14 ~t
6880::280 B.P. (UCR-434) (Kaldenberg 1976:71), a,id as such, can
be associated with the Milling Stone Stage· of Southern Cali-
fornia prehistory. The occurrence of patinated flaked st·one
arti::acts and the predominance of flaked as oppossed to ground
li·.thic materials makes-tll,is site of extreme importance for re-
fining local cultu~al history. •
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F. IMPACTS RESULTING FROM THE PROPOSED PROJECT
Impacts to ·archaeological resources, both historic
arid prehistoric, can occur in two primary ways. First, direct
impacts can occur to sites from the actual developmental acti-
vities.~ Se<:::ondly, indirect impacts can occur to historic and
pr.ehistoric resources as a result of the activities· which re-•
sult from completion ·of a given project. These include such
things as· popu_lation _and/or activity increas·e. Both indirect
-and direct impacts must be evaluated when dealing with the
fragile record of the past.
l. Section l. Plans call'.for the initial develop-
ment of this area. Specifically, 346.single-family dwelling.
units are proposed on the 111-acre parcel. This construction
will. result in an estimated population increase of 1,128-per-
sons.
As a result of the.development of this section,
one archaeologica.t sit_e will be directly impacted. As the
design 'presently exists, SDM-W-109·1 will be significantly· im-
pacted.. For a discussion of mitigating measuras neecled at
this· 1ocation, seE: Section G of this report.
In addition to the archa~ological site, develop-
men-: of this area will also result· in the removal of:.two iso-
lated artifacts. The impacts to these individual specimens
as well as to the-site, constitute the direct impacts the
development of this area will have on the archaeologi~al rec-
ord.
Indirect impacts can also be predicted to historic
and prehistoric resources as a consequence of the increased
population resulting from the proposed development. This is
particularly true of the highly identifiable remains of the
Rancho de los Quiotes, ·and to a lesser extent to the prehis-
toric site SDM-W-1086. Impacts will probably occur by in-
creased visitation to-the historic area, and as a result to
1086, which lies directly between the subject property and
the Rancho.
occur to any
the valley.
as adequate
It is possible that other indirect impacts could
one of the several prehistoric sites throughout
Their inconspicuousness, however, should serve
protection from intentional damage.
2. Section 2. At the present time, there are no
specific construction plans for this area. As such, any as-
sessment of direct impacts to the resources present are highly
tentative·and should be revaluated when a final plan is adopted.
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Of the 14 archaeological sites located in this
area, all but two lie within areas of proposed residential
use. The historic Rancho de las Quiotes and the important
prehistoric site SDM-W-1086, both lie in ·special use areas.'
The ranch house is within a. 20 acre historical park area,
and as such, will be preserved .. SDM-W-1086 lies within an
area of scheduled commercial use and as such, may be directly
impacted.
The sites within the residential areas may be
directly· impacted by development and will be dealt with as
such. It must be emphasized, however, that all assessment
of impacts should be revaluated when specific plans are
adopt~d.
In addition to the archaeological sites which
are threatened by the development of this portion of Rancho
Carrillo, seven isolated artifact finds .will also be displaced.
Assessment ... of indirect imp~c:ts will involve a
knowledge of which sites in the area remain and in what con-
dition. Their evaluation must be conditional upon when the
area is developed, how much is developed, and what. alteration
in neighboring areas has proceeded. There is no doubt that
indirect impacts will occur, but to what extent is dependent
on the abovementioned criteria.
3. Section 3. ..Three prehistoric archaeological
sites have been recorded in this area, SDM-W-587, W-588, and
W-589. As these sites were investigated by Kaldenberg {1975)
and in that process were collected and possible impacts miti-
gated (Kaldenberg 1976:104). Because of previous archaeologi-
cal work in the area, development of this portion of the pro~
posed Rancho Carrillo_property will have no adverse direct
impacts on the historic and/or prehistoric record.
As with Section 2, evaluation of indirect im-
pacts necessarily involves too ma~y unknowns to be of any use
at this time .. Such an evaluation should be made, however,
prior to development of any specific area.
4. Rancho de los Quiotes (Carrillo Ranch}·. Present
plans call for the preservation of this important historic·
resource as a park area. By providing for the continued exis-
tence of this segment of California's past, and making it observ-
able to the general public a fast disappearing· component of
history is shared. Future development plans should insu·re
the preservation of this area.
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G. MITIGATING MEASURES
Archaeology has the somewhat unique capability of
being· able to .significantly lessen impacts to specific ar-
chaeological resources.. As the value of a particular site
lies,to a large extent, in the information stored with it,
careful excavation and information recording can preserve a
great deal of a site.
The archaeological sites found on the Rancho Carrillo
property range from small shell scatters to the extensive re-
mains of the Rancho de los Quiotes. Measures necessary to
lessen the impacts to these resources also vary greatly. •
Table 1 provides a summary of the mitigating measures recom-
mended to achieve such a lessening.
1 .. Site: SDM-W-1091. As this site has a limited
amoun~ of cultural debris·and has been greatly disturbed,
very little infoJ:mation could be gained from further exami-
nation. -Lack of contectural information and a lack of a
major _su~urface component make f~ther work at this site of
little value. As such, no further mitigating action·is deemed
necassar.1.
2. Sites SDM-W-1078, -1087, -1088. As.these sites
are only shell scatters, little cultural information is avail-
able. Prior to their disruption, ·.however,· a sample . of. the
shells present should ue taken and analyzed~ This should. in-
clude radiocarbon dating and/an-in-depth discussion of the
relationship between these minor resources and the more sub-
stantial contemporaneous sites in the Batiquitos Lagoon Region.
3. SitesvSDM-W-1079, -1080, -1081. These sites are
also small scatters of shell, .but due to their extreme sparsity,
any work done here would be an exercise in futility. As such,
no further mitigating action is necessary at these locations.
. 4. Sites SDM-W-1083, ~1084, -1085, -1090. These sites
are light deposits of cultural materials consisting of limited
numbers of artifacts. When viewed independently, their re-
.search potential is 1ow. However, on the locality and regionaJ.
level, they can provide valuable insight into settlement pat-
terns. As such, prior to destruction, these areas should be
mapped and collected and a report should be prepared.
5. Sites SDM-W-587, -588, -589. Impacts to these
sites have been mitigated by work done by Kaldenberg (1975)~
No further archaeological work is necessary.
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6. Site: SDM-W-1089. This site has apparent sub-
surface components. It also has numerous shell and artifac-
tual materials. It requires then, a degree more work than
the previously discussed sites to achieve mitigation. Recom-
mended mitigating measures include implementation of a syste-
matic rectilinear posthole test, and one hand excavated unit
for profiiing purposes. Based on information gained by this
examination, a statistical sample should be drawn from the
site area. The size of this sample is dependent on the pre-
dicted variance present at the site.
From infoJ:mation gained through these tests,
further mi tiga.ting measures can be recommended if .necessary.
As·with any recommendations, these are subject to change upon
the obtainment of additional infoJ:mation, and should be con-
stantly reassessed during any further investigation.
"· 7. SDM-W-10~6 and SDM-W-915. These two sites rep-
resent the areas of greatest prehistoric significance within
the entire Rancho Carrillo property. Both have a subsurface
ele!:lent and numerous artifacts. As such, mitigating-measures.
need to be more stringent than with the other prehistoric
sites.
With both of these sites, preservation of the ac-
tual resource is highly preferable to any other mitigating
measures. If preservation cannot be achieved ~owever, care-
ful five percent test excavation programs should be undertaken.
This should be preceded by !imited exploratory work to deter-
mine the sampling universe. Systematic postholing is a method
which would provide such a measure.
Dependent upon the results of these tests, further
mitigating action may be necessary. Such an assessment cannot
be made until further infoJ:mation is available.
As with all archaeological investigations, a re-
port of findings should be prepared discussing the research.
All work should be done by an archaeologist qualified under
the First Addendum to the San Diego County Procedures for En-
vironmental Impact Review.
8. Rancho de Los Quiotes (Carrillo Ranch).and W-1082.
No amount of archaeological and historical research could miti-
gate the destruction of the rancho complex. It has value not
only in providing infoJ:mation, but is also of great aesthetic
importance~ and as such should be preserved.
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H. PROJECT STAFF
Charles s. Bull
David Hanna, Jr.
Kree Easland
Henry Hatley
. Margret Weidauer
Joanne Thompson
0
Supervisory Archaeol_ogist
Assistant Archaeologist
Archaeological Assistant 0
Archaeological .Assistant
\ Archaeological Assistant
Production Specialist 0
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I. LIST OF PERSONS AND ORGANIZATIONS CONSULTED
Ken Hedges San Diego Museum of Man
David Hanna, Jr. San Diego State University
San Diego Historical Society
Mr. Richard Carrico
Mr. John Larson
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Serra Museum Library
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III. REFERENCES CITED
Bean, L. J. and K.-saubel
1972 Tamalpakh: Chauilla Indian Knowledge and Usage of
Plants. Banning, Maliki Musewn Press.
Bright,
1965
Marcia
California Radiocarbon Dates in Archaeological Sur-
vev Annual Report. ·Department of Anthropology,
university of California, Los Angeles. 367-80.
Bull, Charles S.
1975 A..i. Archaeological Survey of the Coastal Area of
Camp Pendleton Marine Base. Ms prepared for San
Diego State University Foundations.
Crabtree, Robert H .. , Claude N. Warren, and D.L. True
1963 Archaeological Investigations at Batiquitos Lagoon,
San Diego County, California. In University of Cali-
fornia at Los Angeles Archaeological Survey Annual
Report, 1962-1963., 319-349. Los Angeles: Univer-
sity of California Press.
Davis, E.L.
1975 Personnal communication.
Davis, E.L., D. w. Brott, and D. L. Weide
1969 The Western Lithic·Co-Tradition in San Diego Museum
of Man Papers,, No. 6, San Diego, California.
Ezell, P.H.
1975 Aboriginal Cemetery at Las Flores Creek, Camp Pendle-
~-Unpublished manuscript.
Greenwood, Roberta
1969 The Bro~e Site;_ Early Mil.l.ing Stone Horizon in South-
ern California .. society for American Archaeology.
American Antiquity 34(4), Part 2.
Harrison, W.M., and E. Harrison
1966 An Archaeological Sequence for the Huntin~ People of
Santa Barbara. California.Archaeological Survey An-
nual Report 1965-66. Department of Anthropology,
University of California, Los Angeles. pp 1-90.
Hubbs, C., G. Bien, and H. Suess
1960 La Jolla Natural Radio Carbon Measure I. American
Journal of Science, Radio Carbon Supplement. 62:204-
238.
f-49
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0
Johnson,
1966
Keith -.
Site LA 2; A Late Manifestation of the Topanga
Complex in Southern California Prehistory. Anthro-
pological Records 23. University of Caiifornia,
Berkeley.
Kaldenberg, R~L.
1975 Archaeological .Investigations at Rancho Carrillo Es-
tates. Unpublished manuscript.
1975b An Archaeological Impact Report on the La Costa Far
South (Easterly Area) Including Santa Fe Knolls.
Unpublished manuscript on file at RECON.
1976 Presentation to the. Society for California Archaeology,
dealing with Rancho Park North excavations. April.
1976b An Intensive Archaeological Reconnaissance of the La
Costa Land Company Property, Carlsbad, California.
Unpublished manuscript.
and Charles S •• Bull -....... ----1975 Archaeological Investigations at Rancho Del Dies
Units One and Two. Unpublished manuscript prepared
for Santa Fe Company by RECON, .San Diego, California.
Kowta, Mako'!:a
1969 The Sayle~ Complex, a Late Milling Stone Assemblage
from Cajon Pass and the Ecological Implications of
its Scraper Planes. 'In University of California
Publications in Anthropology, Volume 5:35-69.
McGowan,
1955
B.E.
Temuka:·
Indians.
Southern
A Page from the History of the Luiseno
In Ar~haeological Survey Association of
California, Paper No. 3, Los Angeles.
Meighan, Clement w.
1954 A -Late Complex in Southern California Prehistory.
In Southwestern Journal of Anthropology, 10(2) :255-
264.
Moriarty, James R.
1966 -Cultural Phase Divisions Suggested by Typological
Change Coordinated with Stratigraphically Controlled
Radiocarbon Dating in San Dieg·o. In Anthropological
Journal of Canada, 4(4) :20-30.
f-50
r:
t
t
r L:
t
t
[
[
[
[
t I
Mudie,
1976
Peta J., Bruce M. Browning and John W. Speth
The Natural Resources of San Dieguito and Batiauitos
•Lagoons. • Department of Fish and Game, Coastal Wet-
Lands, Series #12 .
. Owen, Roger C., and Freddie Curtis, and Donald S. Miller
1964 The Glen Annie Canyon Site, SBa-142, An Early Hori-
zon Site of Santa Barbara County. Archaeological
Survey Annual Report, 1963-1964, 431-519. Los An-
geles: University of California.
Peck, Stuart L.
1955 An Archaeo.logical Report of the Excavation of a Pre-
historic Site at Zuma Creek, Los Angeles County,
California. Archaeological Survey Association of
Southern California No. 2, Los Angeles.
Rogers, D.B.
1929 Prehistoric-Man of the Santa Barbara Coast. Santa
Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara.
Roge::::-s, Malcolm
1929 The Stone Art of the San.Dieguito Plateau. In
• ,Amer.ican Antllropologist. 31: 454-467.
1938 Archaeological and Geological Invest1gations of
the Cultural Levels in an Old Channel of the San
Dieguito Valley. In Carnegie Institute of Washins::_
ton Yearbo·ok. 37 :344-345.
1945 An Outline of Yuman Prehistory. Southwestern Journal
of Anthropology 1(2) :167-198~
1966 Ancient Hunters of the Far: West. San Diego: Union
Tribune. Publishing Company.
Shumway, George, .Carl L. Hubbs, and James R. Moriarty
1961 Scripps Estate Site, San Diego, California, A La Jol-
lan Site Dated 5460-7370 Years Before the Present.
In Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 93(3):
37-72.
. Treganza,·A.E., and A. Bierman
1958 -The Topanga Culture: Final Report on Excavations,
1948. In Anthropological Records, Volume 20, No. 2,
University of California Press, Berkeley~
f-51
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0
True, D. L.
·-1958 An Early Complex in Southern California County,
California. American Antiquity 23 :25,5-262.
1970
Walker,
1952
Wallace,
.1954
1955
Warren,
1966
1967
1968
Warren,
1963
Investigation of a Late Prehistoric Complex in
Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, San Diego County, Cali-
fornia. Monograph, University of California·Archaeo-
logical Survey, Los Angeles.
Edwin Francis
Five Prehistoric· Sites· in Los Angeles County, Cali-
fornia. Publications of the Fredric Weob Hodge
Anniversary Publication Fund, Vol. 6., Los Angeles:
Southwest Museum.
William J.
Little Sycamore and the
of Southern California~
123.
Early Milling Stone Culture
American Antiquity, 20:112-
A Suggested Chronology for Southern California,
Coasta·l Archaeology. In Southwestern Journal for
Anthropologv, 11:214-230.
Claude N.
The San Dieguito Type Site: M.J. Rogers' 1938 Exca-
vation on the San Dieguito River. In San Diego
Museum of Man Papers, No. 6, San Diego Museum of Man,
San Diego. •
,,
The San Oiegui to Complex: A Review and Hypothesis.
In American Anthropologist, 32(2):168-185.
Cultural Tradition and Ecological Adaptation on the
Southern California Coast. In Archaic Prehistory
in the Western United States. Eastern New Mexico
Contributions in Anthropology, Portales 1(3) :1-14.
Claude N. and Max G. Pavesic.
Appendix I: Shell, Midden Analysis of Site SDl-603
and Ecological Implications for Cultural Development
on Batiquitos Lagoon, San Diego County. In Archaeo-
logical Investigations at Batiquitos Lagoon, San
Diego County, California, Robert Crabtree, Claude
N. Warren, and D. L. True, pps 407-438.
f-52
i : I I'
11 1!
II
IE
IE
Ir l
IE
If
IL
It
Ir I· l'-
1 [
I[
Ir
~ . ,. ~
I -~
!;
L• I
I
~
~ -i •. -;
Warren, Claude N. , and D. L·. True
1961 The San Dieguito· Complex and Its Place in Southern
California Prehistory. Archaeological Survey Annual
Report 1960-1961, pp.· 1-106 .• Los Angeles: Univer-
sity of California Press.
Warren, Claude N., D. L. True, and Ardith Eudey
1961 Early Gatherning Complexes of Western San Diego
County, California. Results and Interpretation of
an Archaeological Survey. Archaeological Survey
Annual Reoort 1960-1961, pp. 1-106. Los.Angeles:
University of California Press.
Weber, F. Harold, Jr. . ..
1957 Mines and Mineral Resources of San Diego County,
. California, . Report No. 3.,. California Division
of Mines and Geology.
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ATTACHMENT 1
\
J · SAN DIEGO MUSEUM OF MAN
1350 El Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego, Califomia 92101, Tele~hone (714) 239-2001
j REPORT ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE FILES RECORD SEARCH
Source of Request: REC ON -Charles S. Bull
Paga _t._ of -2_
Date of Request: 2~ Auaust 1976 (X)Letter ( )Telephone () In Person
-----------------------
Date _Request Received: 27 August 1976 (X)Map Received (X)Map Returned
~ame of Project: Ca~rillo Ranch -Job #5632
() !he Museum of Man files show no recorded sites for the project area.
oc) The Museu~ of Man files show the following sites
the project area.
(.X)within (I)in ~he vicinity of
Site No. W-l!JcA Culture(s): Luiseno or YUiri.a.n III (trace)
Description:~}~!i_d_d_e_n_ .• _______________________________ _
Recorded by: _R_o_g...,e_r_s ____ _
Site No. W-18'3 Culture(s): San Dieguito II, I.a Jolla II
Descri?tion: ~ighla.--id accretion cam-c -broken metates and manos.
Recorded by: .....,.R...,o.,i'e..,.,....,s..,__ __ _
Site Culture(s): S=p p.; er·J1ito TI -
Recorded by: __ R_.o...,g,_er __ s ____ _
Site N~. W-le3B Culture(s): San Dieguito II, Yur:-.an III (trace)
Description: ~i~hland acc~eticn ca.mn -cobble hearths.
Recorded by :_.,.;1...,0...,g~ .... r.,s ___ _
Sict:! No. W-1,% Culture(s): San Dieguito II, YUir.an II
Description: :fighland r-ar:r.ar..ent camp -cobble heartns, rr..etates, ml=lnos, fla.idng1
tools. ___________________ Recorded b:y: _Ro_i;;:..,-"'_-r_s ____ _
Site No. :,f-191 Culture(s): San Dies!'i.1ir,o II
-----=--------=---------------------------------
Des c rip ti on: ':i;rhJ.and i:-1te:::-mittent ca.Tllo sit.e.
Recorded by :__.~ .... oe.srn ... r .... s..__ __ _
?lease note: The project area may contain archaeological resources in addition to those
noted above. This report is made from San Diego Museum of Man files only
and may not include data pertaining to localities other than those covered
in previous Museum of Man surveys or gathered by other institutio~s or by
individuals.
Reco:-d check by: Grace Johnson
f-55 z ·-Signed: , '-',<,-,df
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APPENDIX D
PALEONTOLOGICAL STUDY
lsa
0 ROD R . .\SCHKE
Pc:!ta"Mf.:J,gic Consulfonf
1762 E.:..ST 1 ST 57REET
L~"-G SE:.4-CH. CAL:F. 90802
0 (213).!35-1557
0
10 .January 1981
~r. ~ori Douolas .
Arc~aeolooi~ai Plannino Collaborative
300 ~e·Kpoi'.-t tenter Dri ;e, Suite 525
Xei-.--port Beach, California
Paleontological Evaluation of Rancho Carrillo
0 Introduction
0
0.
0
The following evaluation of the·known an9,po~~ntial paleontologic
resources of Rancho Carrillo is based on a revi~"N' of published and
unpublished paleontologic literature and locality data. The site is
located east of central Carlsbad on Palomar Airport Road_ (see Figure 1).
Paleontoloav and Stratioraphv
The property is underlain by unna.~ed sands of Eocene age (38 to 55
million )tears ago). Golz ( 1976) correlated thC?se sands to the
Santiago For~ation of Orange County.
Eocene age rocks of San Diego County have·procuced numerous sic~ificant
fossils from several localities. Published report of Eoc~ne fo;sils
date from the 1930's. • Golz ( 1976),and Golz and Li-llegraven ( 1977)
reported on an extensive vertebrate fauna from the Laguna Riviera
Development in Carlsbad. Thi~ occurren"C'e •,\·as located in conjunction
with the development of the site. This occurrence-produced numerous
rer::ains of extinct reptiles, birds. and mammals, many of :Khich .. -ere
new forms.
At this time the Laguna Riviera locality is the closest recorded_
fossil occurrence to Rancho Carrillo. This•rnay be related to
the :act that I was.unable to locate any record of any paleor.tological
0 study in the a.cea of the· property.
0
conclusions
2ancho Carrillo lies within a district tha~ ha~ a
rr:.;....:erc~s significant fossil remains. It is highly
,,:-.ere within the 7 50,. acres of the site ':here are
a::.d that these rer:1ai:1s are signi:icc:nt.
history of produ~ing
procable t~at so~e-
-I • t :ossl...L• :-e!":".a.1ns
Golz and LillGg~a~en (1977) pointed out that in order to irrp~ove
correlatior.s of the Eocene sa1:cis of the Car:stad area ~ith 0t~er ~nits
of sirni_,~_r ac_e -ddit-io,..;-, -=css1· ,s -re re-0 c:~-..-·-.:·,..om ot::er localities. o -•• a..L .:. .... ,::i_ ., •-~---=--::i-~ --,
0 It. is possible :.~at t1i.e :cssils li}:ely to Ce _;:!-~SE-nt at Ra::c~-"o •~ar!:"'i2.lo
0
will be useful in such an analysis. O
Finally, fossil remains are a nor.-renewable resource and the destruction
of any fossil is a loss to the science of paleontology. Thus the
development of any site with a high potential for the presence of
fossils without proper mitigation measures would be an adverse impact
on the paleontologic resources of the Carlsbad area. This could be o
the case at Rancho Carrillo unless the following recommendations are
implemented. •
Recommendations
These recomrne:ndations are based on CEQA and proven practices used on
sites of known paleon~ologic sensitivity.
1. A Kalkover survey of Rancho Carrillo should be performed
well in advance of· development. This survey can locate
and define ar~as of sensitivity.
2. Any fossils located during the survey should be collected
prior to development. This will avoid delays -during con-
struct.ion.
0
0
3. A caleontoloaist should be retained to be present on site
to.monitor grading ope~atior.s. The paleontoloqist shoulc be C
allowed to salva,;e ::ossils exposed by grading. If necessary
he should be able to divert or direct grading to allow for
salvage ..
4. All fossils collected should be donated to a public,
non-profit institution such as the San piego ~~tural
History ::fuseurn, the Pal-eobiology-Department of· San Diego
State University or the Natural History ~useurn of Los
Angeles County.
If you have any questions about this evaluation do not hesita~e to
C
call ■ C
F:od ?.ascr...ke
Certified ?a:eontologist
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2e:erences Cited
Golz,D.J.,1976 Eocene Artiodactyla of southern Cali:ornia. ~atural
Hist. ~us. Los Angeles Co. Sci. 9ull. 26
--------and Lillegraven, J .. ?\., 1977. Su.>r.mary of knm\-n occur .r-ences of
terrestrial vertebrates from Eocene strata of southern California. ,.. .... • b .... G 1 ... -• T. • l'"" A~ ,. -,_ on 1..r 1. • 1..0 -eo_. , 1..,nl. v. i\yoming, .:>: '¼--o.:i .
~:CD R~ set -,r~E
n, , , . C ,1 t ...-r.,-.c0n,co1r,q1c ans•.:• rJn
1 762 E:..ST 1 S7 S,r=lEE:T
,2 1 3) ~35-1 557
!O C"ar.'.1ary 1981
:-:~. ?on Douglas
.=::.rc:ha~ological Plaf1_"1ing Collaborative
500 :r-.:e,,-port. Center Drive, Suite 525
~~e~,-port Eeach, California
?aleontological Eval~ation of ~anc:10 Carrillo
Report Preparation
20 hrs~ ~12.50 ............... $150.00
TOT .. ~ DUE ......................... c-S 130.00
~od Rasc:1.ke
Certi:ied Paleontologist
•
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TH: ·,-,,:-:,:-,,,,...=o cc•.,:.,,..~s. T;.;;; ',l::!STE;:t ~ .... ,. :~. & c~-J"I c c ::.::.::-_-::,:.7,liN
VISTA
rn
SAN
M.!.RCCS
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APPENDIX E
TRAFFIC STUDY
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March 16, 1981
Mr. Mike Ryan
DAON Southwest
PO Box 270
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Dear Mr. Ryan:
TRAFFIC & TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING
, ' .
This letter summarizes our analysis of the·traffic factors related to the
Master Plan for the Carrillo.Ranch in the City of Carlsbad and our field reviews
of the area. The report·has been revised to reflect comments received from the
City relative to our previous reports of June 25, 1980 and November 5, 1980. The
City's comments referred to above are dated October· 8, 1980; December 30, }980;
February 18, 1981; February 23, 1981; and March 2, i9.in.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The project site is located generally at the future intcr~ection of Palomar
Airport Road ~~d Melrose· Avenue with the majority of the ar_ea being southerly
of Palomar Airport·Road. Planned land use· is residential except for the
area northerly of Palomar· Airport Road, which is commercial and indus.trial,
and a commercial area in the northwest quadrant· of Melros~ _Avenue and Carrillo
Way. The site is currently undeveloped with Palomar Airport Road being the
only existing improved roadway. In addition to Melrose Avenue~ the project
would include the. construction o~ Carrillo Way and El .Fuerte St:reet within
the site boundaries. Melrose Avenue. is classified-as a Prime Arterial .in
the City General Plan and_Carrillo Way and El Fuerte Street are classified
as Secondary Arterials. The site-.and proposed road system ·are illustrated in
Figure 1.
2651 EAST CHAPMAN AVENUE • SUITE 110 • FULLERTON. CALIFORNIA 92631 • (714) 871-2931
-2-
The plan includes the development of 2,998 residential units of various types.
There are 36.7 acres of industrial uses and 26.2 acres of commercial µses also
indicated on the plan. Park and eight acres of commercial recreation areas are
also indicated on the plan. No specific uses for the commercial recreation areas
have been determined at this time.
TRIP GENERATION
In order to analyze the traffic factors related to the project, it is necessary
to estimate the number of trips that will be generated. Studies have been
conducted by governmen~al agen~ies,and consultants to determine appropriate
trip generation rates for various land uses. The i::~tes .u~i:lized in this ·study·
are summarized in Table 1. Since definitive land .u~e <;iata ~re not available fo·r
the commercial recreation areas, assumptions woul~ generally preclude· major
structures on these site_s. It has been .issumcd chat. racqµct ·ball courts· would . . -. ,,.
be ·potential use. In .iny case, tht:se. use::; would b~ primarily serving ch~
adjacent area~ and not impact the external road systems. No estimate has been made
for the ranch house site as no applicable trip generation rates are available ..
This use would also have a negligible impact upon t.hc str~cc system. By applying
the trip gcncr.it.ion r:itcs to the 1n·opo:,wd J,mJ use.· qmmtlt I.cs, c.:sLimutc.:s ut
daily ai1d -,peak )1our trip generation for the proJ~ct were obtained .. These estimates
• + .. • , • '
are summarized.in Table 2. It ,is estimated that the project upon completion
would generate 53,840 daily trip e~ds W:ith 3060 occurring.during the AM peak
hour and 5, 780 during the PM peak hour. As is discussed below, not all of" these
trips are external to the site.
The Rancho Catillo Master Plan contains provisions for the conversion of the
elementary school. site. to Low De~sity Residenti.il in c·ertain circunstances.
This would add,124 dwelling units with 930 daily trip ends ·and 100 PM peak
hour trip ends. The ~otal daily.trip_ ends with •the school site conversion
would be 54,770
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WESTON PRINGLE AND ASSOCIATES
RETAIL
RETAIL
SITE LOCATION
FIGUAE 1
TABLE I
TRlP GENERATlON RATES
Carrillo Ranch
-3-
RATES(l)
LAND USE DESCRIPTOR DAILY AM IN AM OUT PM IN PM OUT --
Low Density Residential Dwelling Unit 11.0 0.2 a.a 0.8 0.2
Medium Density Residential Dwelling Unit 7.5 0.2 0.6 0.6 0.2
Commercial Acre 900.0 Negligible 45.0 45.0
Industrial Acre 80.0 11.0 3.0 . 3.5 12.5 •
Commercial Recreation Acre 300.0 Negligible 7.7 28.7
Park Acre -6.0 Negligible 0.3
(l)Trip ends per descriptor·
TABLE 2
TRIP GENERATION
Carrillo Ranch
TRIP ENDS
LAND USE QUANTITY DAILY AM.IN AM OUT PM IN PM OUT ----
Low Density Residential 701 7,700 140 560 560 140
Medium Density 2297 17,200 470 1380 1380 460
Commercial 1 26.2 23,600 1180 1180
Industrial1 36~7 2,900 400 110· 130 460
Commercial Recreation 1 8.0 2,400 60 :!30
Park 7.0 40
TOTALS 53,840 1,010 2,050 3,310 2,470
1 Based on estimated net acreage figures as opposed to the gross acreage figures
listed in the proposed Rancho Carrillo Master Plan.
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TRIP DISTRIBUTION A.'ID ASSIGNMENT
The next step in the analysis process is to determine a geographic distribution
. ' pattern for the project generated traffic and assign the traffic to be road syste:.
San Diego County Planning Organization -1995 proj ecti<:ms were utilized for industrial
and commercial trips and Basic Employment·, Retail Trade Employment and Retail
Services Employment were utilized for residential trips. :These patterns were
further modified based upon knowledge of the area and professional judgement.
Distribution patterns were also developed for two future conditions~ First,
upon project completion without the ultimate development of Carrillo Way and
Melrose as shown in Figure 2. Second a distribution pattern representing
ultimate planned buildout of the road system as shown in Figure 3.
The distributions indicate.a negligible percentage to Alga Road. Some traffic
will utilize Alga Road, as-shown in Figures 4 and 5, which is related to the
commercial and commercial recreation uses. Since the illustrated distributions
are for residential and industrial.. thl!y are not lncludl.!c.i on Figures 2 and 3.
Utilizing the distribution patterns illustrated in Figures_2 and 3, project
-tra-ffic was assigned to the road system. Daily volumes at completion of the
project are illustrated in Figure 4 and at ultimate development in Figure 5. Th~
volumes in Figure 4 include existing traffic and those in Figure 5 include exist-
ing, project and ~djacent development traffic. Other pr.ujccts included wuru
Carlsbad Oaks and -La Costa. Figure 6 illustrates daily volumes of the p'roj ect
plus school site conversion with ultimate road development.
An additional adjustment was made in external traffic from the project. Since
some of the trips attracted to the commercial uses would be generated by the pro-
ject residential uses, a reduction was made in external traffic. It was assumed
that half of the trips attracted to the commercial area at Carrillo Way and Melrose
Avenue were generated in the residential areas and would not be external co C~ti!
·---.
-60% (60%)
~.
NO SCALE
I .cARR\l:,;-~--L ------------\ I
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---.lo\ ___ l
LEGEND
0% -RESIDENTIAL
(0%) -INDUSTRIAL
WESTON PRINGLE ANO ASSOCIATES
DIRECTIONAL DISTRIBUTION
AT PROJECT COMPLETION
FIGURE 2
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30% (40%) ~
~
NO SCALE •
15%(10%)
LEGEND
45 % -RESIDENTIAL
(50%) -INDU STR!AL
WESTON PRl~GLE AND ASSOCIATES
5% (10%)
DIRECTIONAL DISTRIBUTION
AT ULTIMATE
FIGURE 3
~
NO SCALE
I ·CARR\':;-~--L ---• --------·-\ I
\ I , ___ l
LEGEND
38,500 -EXISTING+ PROJECT
TRAFFIC
(12,500) -EXISTING TRAFFIC
WESTON PRINGLE ANO ASSOCIATES
DAILY TRAFF'IC AT
PROJECT COMPLETION
FIGUJ:IE 4
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WESTON PRINGLE AND ASSOCIATES
UL Tl MATE DAILY TRAFFIC
1 / INCLUDES EXISTING, PROJECT, AND .,f! ! t OTHER PARCELS TRAFFIC
FIGURE 5
site. This-commercial area is described in the Carlsbad General Plan as a
Community Commercial area. The General Plan further describes these uses as
serving an area up to one and one-half mile radius. On the basis of this de-
finition, the assumption that half of· the trips attracted to this commercial
area are local would be conservative. This results in six percent of daily
r_esidential trips being internal; four percent of the PM peak inbound trips and
13 percent of the PM peak outbound trips.
CIRCULATION SYSTEM ANALYSIS
.
The ability of the planned circulation system to accommodate the project has
been.evaluated on two levels. First, daily volume/capacity comparisons have
been made to provide a general evaluation. Second, peak hour intersection
analyses have been.completed on Melrose.Avenue at Palomar Airport Road and
Carrillo Way to provide a mo·re refined evaluation. These analyses have been
completed for conditions upon completion of the project and at.the ultimate
development of the circulation system.
Table 3 provides a comparison of maximum projected daily volumes and capacities
for the ar~erials serving the project. Review of Table, 3 indicates that, on a
daily basis, the planned system will be adequate. It does indicate a potential
problem and the need to develop parallel routes to relieve Palomar Airport Road.
This conclusion has been found in other project analyses and is not related
solely to this project. For the ultimate condition, other projects being planned
in the· area have been considered; however, this does not represent ultimate
build out of the City General Plan. The reference to ultimate is only related
to the road system.
The Draft Environmental Impact Report prepared by the County of San Diego for
the San Dieg1,1ito Circulation Element, GPA 80-CE, contains year 2000 projected
daily volumes for Palomar Airport Road at Melrose Avenue. These volumes vary
from 38,000 to 40,000 with the County proposed plan at 38,000. The report does
-5-
(
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WESTON PRINGLE AND ASSOCIATES
'.::., -------------------
ULTMATE DAILY TRAFFIC
WITH SCHOOL SITE CONVERSION
FIGURE S
-6-
not include projections for Melrose Avenue. Rancho Santa Fe Road north of
Olivenhain is projected to have a demand of 34,000 with the County proposal.
Since Melrose Avenue splits from Rancho Santa Fe Road just southerly of Carrillo
Ranch, it could be assumed that the year 2000 volumes on Melrose would be somewhat
less than 34,000. These projections also indicate t~at on a daily volume/capacity
comparison basis, the planned road system would be ad~qunte.
STREET
Palomar Airport Road
Melrose Avenue
Carrillo Way
TABLE 3
DAll.Y VOLUME/CAPACITY COMPARISONS
Carrillo Ranch
CAPACITY(!)
45,000(2)
45,000<2>
20,000
(!)City of Carlsbad Engineering Department
(2)The City's value for Prime Arterials is 40,000 + vpd.
VOLUME
PROJECT
COMPLETION ULTIMATE
38,500 • 42,400
13,400 24,1:00
. 4,000 lS,300
The operation of intersections 1s the critical factor in determining the adequacy
of a circulation system. For the Carrillo Ranch development, the intersections
on Melrose ~venue at Palomar Airport Road and Carrillo Way are the critical points
in the circulation system. Intersection Capacity Utilization (ICU)' analyses have
been completed for these intersections at the levels of project ·completion and ul-
timate road system. (The ICU methodology is explained in Appendix A and the ICt:/
Level of Service relationship in Appendix B). Analyse_s sheets for these inter-
sections contained in Appendi.~ C and the ICU values are summarized in Table 4.
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0
0
0
I
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I Jo
I
-7-
As indicated in Table 4, an o_pera_t"ional problem is_ anticipated, at Pal9ma.r Airport
Road and Melrose Avenue. This further confirms the p.otent;:ial problem identified
:1n the daily_ volume/c~1>acity comparison. Tl)_~ ~ajor _factor-.con~ributing .to the·'
potential capacity. problem is._ traffic flows on Palom_a:i;--• Airport Road. These are·
a result 9f area-wide dev:elopment. and the prpblem is not relat.ed,_to a single pro-. . ~ ·. . . . . . . -. . . ' . . .. . '
ject~ As was mentipned previously,· there _is a ,ne~d ~~-r . additional east.~west
routes to relieve Palomar.:_Ai:c:t>ort Road.
Consideration was given to the impact· of· the ~reposed realignment of Los Monos Drive
as it would affect Rancho Carrillo traffic. The results did not indicate a major
improvement -of ·the Palomar. Airport· Road/~elrose intersection since Los _Mo~s _doe~
not extend easterly of.Melrose.-
Table 4
ICU SUMMARY
CARRILLO RANCH
P~lomar. Airport Road and M~l:rose -Avenue.
Carrillo Way and Melrose.Avenue
Icu·
PROJECT
-~(_!tl_l_•_~:f~ . .!:!.!.:!.!!:!,ATli
0.81
.. 0.45 •
-1.04
o. 79·
The ICU analyses s~eets in Append~ C aiso in~icat.e the required·geomet.rics for .
the intersections. ~o . special_. requirements , are indicated; at . the· Carrillo Way/ '·
Melrose,Avenue inters~ction~ _The Palomar Airport Road/Melrose Avenue intersec-
tion does require specific. geomett:ics at both levels of development.·. • Table 5
lists. t!ie re<1uire4 ge9met-rics fo_r th_e intersection .. The ·required lanes a:t ul-
timate can be provided. within the standard. 106 foot curb-to-curb width with no ·: : -• . ,. • -· • .
median, 10 foot le_ft t~n lanes, ~nd: ._l,l foot through·.' lanes. If 1'2 foot··through
lanes are desired, a 108 foot section would be requi_red. These additional lanes
• at ultima_te condltion .:ire required as a res.ult of growth in other traffic as can
be seen_ by comparing_ the. l~U · analysis s_heiats. Changes in the ·amount :0£ ·other·
developm~n~ and/or planned road systems could result indiffering requirements
at this intersection.
-8-
The Palomar Airport Road/Melrose intersection should be monitored as growth occurs
to insure that adequate capacity provisions are maintained. _Improved operations
could also·be obtained by 'providing three through'lanes on Melrose at this inter-
section. This would.reduce the ICU value to 0.97. Some traffic reauction may also
occur since no reduction was made for work trips generated externally that would
have destination within Rancho Carrillo, i.e. Carlsbad Oaks to Ra~cho Carrillo.
As traffic-volumes,increase; some trip diversion may occur such as·westbound
left·. turn· traffic may-divert to Rancho Santa Fe Road. This· study has identified
the potential problem as Palomar Airport Road and Melros·e and it is recommended
that it be monitored so that these potential problems can be mitigated.
In addition to capacity consideratiotls, intersection spacing along •the arterials
effects their operation. The City of Carlsbad Street Design Standards require
2600 feet between intersections on Prime Major Arterials and 600 feet on
Secondary Arterials. These standards are satisfied on Carrillo Way and on
Palomar Airport Road. On Melrose Avenue ther are two intersections which do not
meet these criteria. An intersection is proposed on Melrose Avenue approximately
1600 feet southerly of Palomar Airport Road and 1600 feet no.rtherly of Carrillo
Way. This intersection is required· to provide access to the planned development
on both sides of Melrose Avenue. Due to t"er·rain and other development constraint•s,
sufficient access cannot be provided without this .access. While the proposed
intersection spacing doeg not meet the Standard, it does provide an reasonable
spacing of gr_e_ater than ·a quarter mile.· This spacing is not unusual in developed
areas and sa~isfactory traffic.movement.can be obtained. A second right turn in
and out only access is proposed on Melrose Avenue. southerly of Carri,llo Way.
With-the provision of deceleration and acceleration lanes, ·this access would
not impact traffic flow:on Melrose Avenue. The relatively steep (8 percent)
grade of Melrose Avenue at this. location would indicate tliat the len'gth of the
acceleration lane should be increased to allow entering vehicles to reach the
required speed ..
A realignment from.the existing City General Plan of Paiomar Airport 'Road through the
project was_,propo~ed by City Staff in order to improve·horizontal alignment and
intersection spacing on Melrose. This realignment does appear to have advantages
from an initial review; however, detailed analysis indicated additional problems.
C
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C
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
The real~gnment was examined by Rick Engineering Company and potential problems
were identified. While improved intersect.ion spacing is achii!ved southerly
of falomar Airprot.·Road, intersection spac.ing rroblems dl!velop to the north.
The realignment also results in vertical and horizontal alignment problems,
excessive fills and interference with the Carlsbad Raceway to the north. An
additional consideration for the current alignment of Palomar Airport Roa4
is that it provides a.division between residential and commercial/industrial
land uses.
Table 5
PALOMAR AIRPORT ROAD/MELROSE AVENUE GEOMETRICS
CARRILLO RANCH
MOVEMENT LANE REgUIREMENTS
PROJECT COMPLETION ULTIMATE
Northbound Through 1 2
Northbound Right 1 l
Northbound Left 1 1
Southbound Through 1 2
Southbound Right l l
Southbound Left 1 2
Eastbound Through 2 3
Eastbound Right 1 l
Eastbound Left 1 l
Westbound Through 2 3
Westbound Right 0 1
Westbound Left 2 •)
\
-9-
-10-
The area north of Palomar Airport Road conforms to City of Carlsbad Standards
with intersections on Melrose Avenue and Palomar Airport Road 2,600 feet apart.
Driveways are proposed for right turn in and out operation only. Primary access
to the industrial area is from the street (Industrial Way) which connect·s Palomar
Airport Road and Melrose Avenue near the west property line. A secondary right
turn only access to the industrial area is provided on Melrose Avenue. All right
turn only access points should be carefully designed to minimize operational and
safety impacts upon Palomar Airport Road and Melrose Avenue. Final access pro-
visions for this area should be analyzed at the development stage when detailed
site plans are available.
The need for intersection signalization was reviewed to determine needs result-
ing from the development of Carrillo Ranch. Traffic signal warrants have been
adopted by the Federal Highway Administration and CalTrans. These warrants are
based upon the eighth highest hourly volumes in a day. It is generally assumed
that the eighth highest hour is 6~ percent of the peak hour and the peak hour
is 10 percent of the daily traffic. Thus, the signal warrants can be expressed
in terms of peak hour and daily traffic as shown in Table 6. • Comparison of daily
volumes indicated on Figure 5 and the warrants in Table 6 indicates that signal-
ization will be required at the following intersections:
Palomar Airport Road and Industrial Way (West Collector)
Ralom~r Airport _Road and Melrose Avenue
Melrose Avenue and Collector South of Palomar Airport Road.
Melrose Avenue and Carrillo Way
ON-SITE CIRCULATION ANALYSIS
The on-site circulation system was reviewed with respect to traffic operations
and safety. Figure 5 illustrates the basic on-site circulation system. Not all
local streets are included on the illustration. Daily volumes arc indicated on
Figure 5 ·for the collector system at their connections to the arterial· system.
All projected volumes are within the 5,000 daily vehicle volume for Collector
Streets of the City Standard except the westerly connection to Palomar Airport
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0
0
0
0
0
l
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 6
SIGNAL WARRANTS
-.. -...
Warrant Minimum Urban Traffic Volumes Entering Intersection *
· Major Street (Both Approaches) Minor Street (Highest Approach)
1 lane 2+ Lanes 1 Lane
Daily Eighth Peak Daily Eighth I Peak Daily Eighth Peak Daily
Highest Hour Highest . Hour Highest Hour.
Hour Hour Hour
..
Minimum a.ooo soo,•, 830 9,600 600•: I 1,000 2,400 150* 250
Vehicular
Volume
'
!
Interruption 12,000 750* 1,250 14,400 900i: , 1,500 1,200 15* 130
of Continuous I
Traffic !
~
* Source: ·calTrans and Federal Highway Administration adopted signal warrants.
*'I: Right turns are. not included when calculating approach volume.
3,200
1,600
2+ Lanes
Eighth
Highest
Hour
I
I l 200*
l i
I 100-1,
I
0
Peak
Hour
330
170
I ~
I-' I
0
-----. --
'" -"--~ ........
• ----
...-----------· • I ■ ~~'--••~••-••-■-••--■---■-■■-■ t -----·-. _-::;;;;;,~-;.: -{ . -~~ PURPLE~. -~--!
\ ~ _)_ \._ .. ~ !
' -~~~~, ! . • ~ \ i ~--.
\ ---ORANGE \\ i ..__._ 755du \\
\l BROWN . \ \
263 du '/ I 1733 du /
BLU~_j
I. -~ \ I· -~--( •• ( •
. ~--.
L--·· --~ I L. 'l p----'--~~__:.:) · RED
I I . 99du
• ~-r-··-·---··-··---•·-·· "\. \
GREEN
148du
..
i
\J
\
---------·
[p)~~~~~~
RANCHO EARRlhLD
FIGUAE 7
A PLANNED COMMUNITY BY CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA O ;on ,..,_, :,,a)
THE WOODWARO COMPANIES. THE MEISTER COMPANY. !NC.. & DAON CORPORATION __ , __
~
.. ·.: • ...
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
I
-12-
Road. The 8100 daily trips on the ·segment would indicate that a four lane fac-
ility would be required between Palomar Airport Road and the first intersection
within the project. At Palomar Airport Road, a left, through and right turn lane
would be required.
A future connection to the west to the extension of El Fuerte Street is indicated
on the plan. This connection would be constructed with the development of the
property to the west of Carrillo Ranch. This future connection will reduce the
number of trips at the westerly connection to Palomar Airport Road.
The internal street system is designed with no four-leg intersections which is a
desirable feature with respect to traffic safety. In general, there are no cul-
de-sacs of excessive length within the project. An exception is the area in the
southeast quadrant of Palomar Airport Road and Melrose Avenue. Access restrict-
ions on the adjacent arterials, terrain and site boundaries result in a single
access to this area. It may be necessary to provide some type of emergency access
to this area to satisfy fire and police needs. Additional review of internal .
circulation, including intersection design should be made during tract map review.
CIRCULATION IMPROVEMENT PHASING
Full development of the Carrillo Ranch will occur over a period of time and cir-
culation facilities can be progrruwned to cuinclde with the phasing of d~velopment.
A phasing plan-has been proposed by the site planners and has been examined with
respect to circulation needs. These phases are illustrated in Figure 7 and their
attendant circulation requirements are summa~ized in Table 7.
The extension of Melrose Avenue from the southerly boundary to Alga Road and the
extension of Alga Road from El Fuerte Street to Melrose Avenue would be required
at project completion as indicated by the projected volumes in Figure 4. Con-
struction of these links would be related to the location of developments within
the project and adjacent development. It is recommended that the need for these
extensions be reviewed as tract maps arc submitted.
Although a part of the overall project, full improvement of Carrillo Way and
Melrose Avenue southerly of Carrillo Way are not required to serve traffic until
adjacent land is developed. It has been assumed that connections to existing
arterials would be provided if isolated areas are developed.
PHASE
Green
Red
Orange
Brown
Blue
Purple
-13-
Table 7
CIRCULATION IMPROVEMENT PHASING
Carrillo Ranch
. DESCRIPTION
148 Dwelling Units
99 Dwelling Units
755 Dwelling Units
• 263 Dwelling Units
1733 Dwelling Units
Industrial/Commercial
CIRCULATION IMPROVEMENTS
Full El Fuerte Street within project
Full Melrose Avenue from Carrillo
Way to southern boundary~
Improve half of Palomar Airport Road
and Melrose Avenue from Palomar Air-
port Road southerly to first inter-
section. Traffic signal at Palomar Air-
port Road and Melrose Avenue.
None
Full Melrose Avenue .from first in-
tersection south of Palomar Airport
to Carrillo ~ay and Carrillo Way
from Melrose Avenue to western bound-
ary. Traffic signal at Carrillo Way and
Melrose.
Improve half of Palomar Airport Road
and Melrose Avenue from Palomar Air-
port Road to north boundary.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
,0
10
0
The City Staff has recommended changes to the Circulation Improvement Phasing
summarized in Table 7 and these recommendations are discussed below .
. Green Phase. The Staff recommended the signalization of El Fuerte and
Alga. As indicated in Figure 4, project traffic would not warrant signal-
ization of this intersection. Ultimate development of adjacent ar.eas
may result in the need for signalization. A s~aring of the cost of the
installation could be a requirement for Rancho Carrillo.
-14-
Red Phase. The development of Melrose between the project boundary and Alga
is a requirement of the adjacent project. If it is not built when the Red
Phase is developed, it could be a requirement of the project. The construction
of half of Alga from Melrose to El Fuerte is not required to provide access to
Rancho Carrillo and is also a requirement of adjacent development.
Orange Phase. The traffic signal at Palomar Airport Road and Melrose recommended
by the Staff has been.added to Table 7. Full improvement of Palomar Airport
Road from the Western Boundary to Melrose is not required-to provide access to
~he Orange Phase. A half section would provide for four lanes with left turn
channelization at the interse·ctions with a capacity of 20,000 to 40,000 vehicles
per day. There is no need for the cons~ruction of Melrose southerly of the
first intersection with respect to access to the Orange Phase.
Brown Phase. The construction of roads (El Fuerte) outside the project
boundary is not a realistic method of providing access. If the Brown Phase
is developed prior to the Orange Phase. the planned.on-site access road should.
be constructed from Palomar Airport Road southerly. Access to ~he Brown
Phase can only be precisely determined at the time that development is proposed.
Blue Phase. The traffic signal on Melrose at Carrillo Way recommended by
Staff has.been added to Table 7. As a minimum. the improvements listed in
Table 7 would be required. Additional improvements of Melrose may be required
if adjacent phases .. (Orange and/or Red) •have not been developed at the time
the Blue Phase is constructed.
Purpfo Ph:isa.. The Staff did not recommend any changes to th~ phasing indicated
in TJbl..: 7.
In the case of all areas of the plan, circulation and access provisions will need to
be reviewed as tract maps are submitted. Due to the various property owners involved
in Ranch Carrillo, the order of development cannot be determined at this time. The
phasing proposed in Table 7 is intended to provide a general guide to assist.in
determining precise circulation improvement requirements for each individual
project.
SUMMARY
-15-
The study has examined the traffic factors related to the proposed Carrillo Ranch
development. Recommendations have been developed for the circulation system and
are sunmarized in the followirig,section of this report.
Principal findings of. the study are the following:
l. The project at full development will generate 53,840 daily trip
ends with 3,060 occurring during the AM peak hour and 5,780
during the PM peak hour.
2. Based upon··carlsbad General Plan definitions, it was assumed
that approximately half of the commercial trips will originate
within the project and not impact the external street system.
3. The planned street system with the exception of Palomar Airport
Road is adequate to accommodate the project traffic as well as ' . •
other projects in the area.
4. The two principle.intersections on Melrose Avenue will.operate
at an acceptable Level of Service upon completion of the pro-
ject.
s~· At ·ultimate development potential capacity problems were ident-
• • ified at Palomar Airport Road and Melrose Avenue due to overall
area development.
6. While intersection spacing alo~g Melrose Avenue does not conform
to City Standards, it ·is necessary to serve the project and does
not significantly impact traffic operations.
7. On-site circulation was found to be adequate with respect to
traffic operations and safety with the receommended improvements.
8. The circulation and development pqasing plan summarized in Table
7 will be adequate to serve the project.
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
'O
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RECOMMENDATIONS
The following improvements and modifications are recommended to provide the re-
quired circulation system to serve the development.
-16-
l. The intersection of Melrose Avenue and Palomar Airport Road should
include provisions for the lanes as indicated in Table 5.
2. The need for increased east-west roadway capacity should be
further evaluated on an area-wide basis.
3. Access to the parcels north of Palomar Airport Road from Melrose
Avenue and Palomar Airport Road shoul~ be limited to right turns
in and out only located as far as possible from the intersection
with ad~itional analyses conduc~ed when detailed site plans are
available.
4. Traffic signals will be warranted on Palomar Airport Road and the
West Connector; on Palomar Airport Road at Melrose Avenue on
Melrose Avenue and the first intersection south of Palo11UJ.r Airport
Road; and on Melrose Avenue at Carrillo Way.
5. The west connector to Palomar Airport Road should have provisions
fo~ four lanes southerly to the first int~rsect!un .
.
6. The internal street system including intersections and access
routes should be examined when tentative tract maps are available.
* * . * * * *
We trust that this analysis will be of assistance to you in the planning and
development of Carrillo Ranch. If you have any questions or require additional
information, please contact us ..
Respectfully.submitted,
WESTON PRINGLE AND ASSOCIATES
Weston S. Pringle, P.E.
Registered Professional Engineer
State of California Numbers Cl6828 and TR565
cc: Mr. Peter Templeton
WSP/lu
119530
-17-
0
0
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0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
Al'l'lrnll IX A
EXPL\NATlON 01: 1.NTER!iEC'l'lllN CAPACITY U'rll.IZATHJN ----------------·---------
The capacity of a street is nearly always greater between intersections and less
at intersections. ·The reason for chis is that ~he traffic flows continuously
between intersections and only part of the time at intersections. To study
intersection capacity, a ·technique known as Intersection Capacity Utilization
({C.U) ha8 been dcvc:Joped. ICU anulysi:; cunsist8 of (..i) dL't~rmining the prb-
pul"t.iun uf 1:Jignul. t.lmc: n~edcd tu H(.•rve 1.wch con_fl lctln~ movc~1it, (b) summing
the times for the movements, and (c) cumpul"ing the total time required to the
time available .. For example, if for north-south _trnff.ic the northbound traffic
is 1,000 vehicles per hour, the southbound traffic.is 800 vehicles per hour,
and the capacity of either approach is 2,000 vehicles per hour of green, then
the northbound traffic is critical and requires l,000/2,000 or 50 percent of
the signal time. If for the east-wes·t traffic, 40 percent of· the signal time
is required, then it can be se~n ·that the _ICU is 50 plus 40, or 90 percent.
When left-tum phases exist, they are incorporated into the analysis. As ICU's
approach 100 percent, the quality of traffic-service approaches Level of Service
E, as defined in the Highway Capacity Manual, Special Report 87, Highway Research
Berard, 1965.
Level of Service is used co·describe quality of traffic. flow. Levels of Service
A to C ope?'atc quite wcl l~ f.(.•vcf of ScrvJcc O LH Lyplc:11 ly the T.cvul uf Sc:rvlcL•
for which an urb.in ::slrl.!cl ls U(.•sl~nc.:u. Lc.tVl!.l uf S'-·L;v fc~• I~ Ls the m.ax.imum
volume a facility can aci:uuunudalc ancJ wifl result ln possible stoppages of .
momentary duration. Level of Service F occurs when a facility is overloaded
and is characterized by stop-and-go traffic ~ith stoppages of long duration.
A description of _ the various levels of .se.rvice appcars on the following page.
The ICU calculati~ns assume that an intersection is signalized ·and that the signal
1.s !dually timed. Although calculating ICU (or an un:-..ignalizcd intcrsL~ctluns 1:;
nut valid, the prc.::,;umptlun 1.:-; that a lili~n.il cun bl:! installc<l and the cnlcul.~atJ.on
shuwH whctlu:r Lhe g(.•otnutr1cs aria! cupablc ul accummuuatlug·thc cxpcct&.!u volunu.:.
lt b posH.ible to huvt: an_ LCU W4.:ll below .L.O, yet-havu severe tr.iffic cung&.!stiun.
This would occur because one or ~re movements is not getting enough time to
satisfy its demand with excess time existing on ·other moves·.
Capacity is often defined in terns of roadway width.· However, standard lanes
have approximately the same capacity whether they are 11 foot or 14 foot lanes.
Our data indicates a typical lane, whether a through lane or 'left-iturn lane has
a capacity of approximately 1600 vehicles per lane per hour or green time. The
Highway Capacity Manwil found capacity to .b~ about 1500 vehicles ·per lane per
hour of green for through lanes and 1200 vehicles pcr lane per hour of green
for luft-turn lanes. llow1.!vcr, Lh4.: capacity numu.11 i.s bm,cd ori pre-1965 data,
anu r~cunt studi~s and ob::mrv:atlons shnw h.ii;hcr c:ap .. Lc:i tics· in the southern
C.illfornfo area.· fur thi.:; sLu<ly a capacity of 1600 vuhidu!:> per lane has been
assumed for through traffic, an<l 1600 v~hic·lcs per lanl! (or turning lanes.
Level of
Service
B
C
I)
APPENDLX ll
TRAr'FIC QUALITY
l.1Jw· volumt.•::i; h.i.gh-spu.::us; sp1.·cd 11uL rc~;Lrlt:L1.·<l
by othc:r vuhlr:luH; .:11 I sl~n.tl eye I.us dear
with no vc:hlcJ~s wai.tlng through murc th.:in
. one signal cycle. • '
Operating· speeds beginning to be affected
by other traffic; betwe·en one and ten· p(!rcent_.
•· of the signal cycles have one or more vehicles
which wait·· through more than one si'gnai
cycle during peak traffic periods.
Operating speeds and maneuverability closely
controlled by other traffic; between 11 and
}O percent of the signal cycles have one or
.. more vehicles which wait through more than
one signal cycle during peak truffle p~riods;
. rucommundcd • idu,1 l design s·t.:iridard ._
'l\1 I 1.• r.1b IC • opt.• r.at f Ilg sp1..•1.•us; ·• J 1 l.11. 70 pc-n:1.in_t
ul: Lhc-~ig11.:1l ,.:yell.!:,; hav1.•·unc.! ur 111ur1.• vl.'!1ic.lus
which wait through muri:: thun ont: s.lb•nal cycle
during_ peak .traffic periods; often used as
design standard in urban areas.
Ca_p:u:ity; the nwxi.mum tr:1rr le· vulluai~• ;m inL1.~r-
i:;ccLlu11 «:an aq:ummudaLu; ·rusLrh:L1.·d H('c1.·1.h;;
it.to 100 p«.!rc~nt.of the signal cycles havt:!
one or more vehicles which wait through
more than one signal cycle during peak
traffic periods.
"
Nominal Range
of ICU (a)
o.uu -0.60
0.6J), -0.70
..
0.70 -0.80
--
..
..
0.80 -CJ. 90
' .,
'
0. 9() -1.00 •'
.-
Long queues ot tr.af·fic; unstable flow;~ stoppages
of· long duration; traffic volume and traffic:.·
spce4. can drop to zero; ·traffic vcilum~ will be·
lt!ss than the volume whlch occurs .it l.cvuJ of
Sc_L"Vicc I::.
Not Meaningful_
(a) ICU (Intcr:icction C.:ap.u: ity Utilfa:1tion) at various h•vul 1JI°
,-.l.'l"Vil·1• v1•r:-;11:; l,•v .. l iii ~a•rvi1·1· E l11r 11rl1;111 n1l1"1i:il ,;tl"l.'l•I:;.
Suuri;c: lli.li!_1w,!J' C.::IJ•aciLy Manu~il, lligltw:1y Rc:;1.•:1n;h l.loard Special Rcp.,t·t H7,
N.:1tio11,il. i\c;Ldl.~IIIY nr Sci1 .. H1CCH, W.1:;hingLlHl n.c.:., 1965, ragl.! J~O.
I
I i
J 0 I I
: I !
!
0
i I I
0
0
0
0
0
C
0
I I@ I
I
@
'
I
I
APPENDIX C
INTERSECTION ANALYSES
TNTERSl•:C:TTClN VOLIIMES AND t:APACTTlES
In c~rscc t iun ...l.P_.A;;;i,.(i.-;.r.,..z ..:i~A~A=l<-::...18;....i.JI C,,1:a:a.JPi;;..i..O:.t.!?,-1~C.:::..i-D:::.. • ..,./~M;i..:F.;_.(...::,,C,...,Q5...-....,._r=_.;;A;..,\J.;,i..:,,E ....... -
PALruAe A-rePGR--t g.o.
LEGEND
...
Vo lumt! (V)
Lan1:S
/0'5
I
lbOO o.o,
NL
';(-
Z/~
2.
32.CC
o.c7
NT
D t
34-0
I
lbOO
0.2
NR
WR
/bDO
o.z
1.rl t 1"11· 11 l",•.-lu'I
Lt>n~t•1s
Move-Vohlme Length
menc (feet)
NL
SL
EL
WL
111111(
Int:~rsect:ion Capacity
Utilization (ICU)
Movement V/C
(._ t'l.30
r.apac: i ty (C:)
V/C
.._..:.1 ~n;...r __ ....... :....' ._o__., _ ___,
~-= :;.::-i::-::.o·md; S = Souc:hbound; E = 1-:ast:b1Jund; W = W,-,..cb,•un.i
T = !hrnuih; R = aight; L = Left:
* C:-i :ica ~ ~n·1e::::e:nt: inc ludcd in rr.u :;umrnar:i(1n
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INTl~l<Sl·:C'l'LON VOI.IIMl•:S ANIJ CAl'AC:1TH:S
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WESTON PRINGLE AND ASSOCIATES
ULTIMATE
INTERSECTION VOLUMl~S AND CAPACITIES
Incerseccion ___ r_._A----~ ... e.=-1L-.:.L ... r ... i__,_\A~(,_A ... 'x .... ··-1-/.~ .... ~.1;;E .... <-C' .. ;...;~..;~ .. E-.... A ..... ~ ... 'f ... • ______ _ I
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T = Through; R = Kighc; L = L~fc 1
" C::-ir::ic.:11 :nnvernent included in ICU summatfon
WESTON PRINGLE AND ASSOCIATES
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INTERSf~CTION VOLUMES ANO CAPAC [TIES
In cersec t iun ~c...::A:i..12..~2.=-1...I .:::,L:.l;l-::.;(~)...._.i\A.:.,./.1:.A:l.Y..L.-~/~M~F;.._( ..1.i?i;.....i..O.:.a·S...:Ei-....A;..V:....,E; ____ _
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Utilization (ICU)
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N = Nurthb,,und; S = Southbound; E = Eastb11und; W = WL•stbounl
! = Thr:iugh; R = Righc; L = Left
* C.:-~:ica: '.lltwr:ment incluJi:d in ICU summation
WESTOl"-I PRINGLE ANO ASSOCIATES
----~-------··-... ··•· -----·-------() ·--------------------... ---------~ \ ULTIN\~TE
\N'1-nl SC.i.lCl(•L SITE. co,-.Jy1:.,£.s1oi...l
lNTt-:l,Sl•:t:TIPN Vlll.llMI·:~; Mil> c:Al',\<:ITlt··.
Int:~rscc t ion __ c._t:.._R_~_I L_L_o_..:w..;_~_'(.;..._.;./_.;.M .... ..:i:::-::L::..:.;;;~;.;;o;....;;;;S;...E..=-_A.:. ... v ___ E.._,;..._ ___ _ i
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-In'< :-tin Lmum V /C "-(). I) I WESTON PRINGLE AND ASSOCIATES
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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0
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0
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ULTIMb..TE.
vJ ,~ .SC..I.IOOL S 1,E. C-o i.J VS. RS I o..J
IN11::RSl-:CTWN VOLUMl-:S AND CAl'i\CIT1ES
In Ct! t"Sec t fon PA..LOMe...'R.. b.1E.POR.T R.t). l ME..L Ro.s E A,-./E.. ;
-D uJ ~ --l.r• f t Turn 1',>t:kl·L ST t G,e,0 Lcngtl1s
,, uJ '2 M1,ve-Volume Length
"' ~ 'JZ.00 nll'nt (feet)
NT. o.~, ~ -SL ut SR SL EL ~ ,-z.o 4/S Wt.
PAl.ot•U.I •• A.lt.ro~.-r l<l). I ,z.
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I I ... /~00 :,zoo ... D 0,/j 1 ( 0,30 ~
ER WL . , .. /OS 34S
I I
/'400 /fo()O
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NL NR Inte~section Capacity
"2.IS l!t:iliz:ation (ICV)
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LF.l :;.::.;;, o.o-, ST O,ZI
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§ D , .. --Vn 1 umt• (V) vJL 0,30
!..am·~ '(£LLOW o.os
Capncity (C) IC!l I /,04
VIC -L-0. S-
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.. = t'iorthho11nd; s -= So11t:hh,,11nd; .. E = l-:;111 th, ,11nd; \.1 =-\.!,·,,tho, 1111
T Tl,r,,,"'l,; .. I'. i;·,I, I ; I. I.,' I I , .. ,,.::. l.,·v, · I :;,.,·vi ,·1• , .. "I
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:--..:;. -~'t,, l ,; i )',II.I I· i .... ,,I I 11·1· I I ,•.hi I 111 11 ,..,~ Minimum V/C:. = O.U/ WESTON PRINGLE ANO ASSOCIATES
·-
0
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0
APPENDIX F
CITY OF CARLSBAD
COMMENTS ON TRAFFIC STUDY
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DEVELOPMENTAL
SERVICES
□ Assistant City Manager
17,.-1 '38-5598
□ Building Department
l71•1"38-S525
~ Engineering Department
Citp of Carlibab
1200 ELM AVENUE
CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 92008
0 171.-1 Gl-55it1
0
0
0
0
.0
:0
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!
□ Housing & Red-iopmant Department 171.-1 "'3N811
□ Planning Department
171.-, <438-591
Annette Sanchez
Larry Seeman Associates
500 Newport Center Drive, Suite 525
Newport Beach, California 92660
March 31 , 1981
SUBJECT: RANCHO CARRILLO DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT
The Engineering Department has reviewed the subject report for adequacy of the
Traffic and Circulation section and proposed mitigation measures. The data pre-
sented and analysis made are generally reasonable and adequate. The report
identifies a serious operational problem at the intersection of Palomar Airport
Road and Melrose Avenue.
The mitigation measures -except numbers 23 and 30 discussed below -are reason-
able and adequate. Number 23 recommends a study of the realignment of Palomar
Airport Road and Melrose Avenue and number 30 recommends a study of the feasi-
bility of an additional east-west route. There are two possibilities as a result
of these studies: 1) a realignment or additional route will mitigate the problem
or 2) they will not mitigate the problem or an additional route is not feasible.
In other words, the studies almost certainly will result in a major redesign of the
project or will leave a significant problem unmitigated and the project facing
possible denial.
Summary: The report and mitigation measures adequately present the problems and
possible solutions for the general plan amendment level. Prior to approval of the
Master Plan, however, the above studies must be completed to determine their
validity as mitigation measures.
-~. ~!-/-~)-.
Richard H. Allen, Jr.
Principal Civil Engineer
RHA:ms
c: Joyce Crosthwaite, Planning Dept.
I
i
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0
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0
APPENDIX G
AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS
0
0
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□ 500 new port center drive, suite 525
newport beach, california 92660
phone (7~ 4) 640-6363
□ 2927 newbury street, suite c
berkeley, california 94703
phone (415) 841-6840
LARRY SEEMAN ASSOCIATES, INC.
AIR QUALITY ANALYSIS FOR RANCHO CARRILLO
·PREPARED BY
HANS GIROUX
CONSULTING ASSOCIATE.
LARRY SEEMAN ASSOCIATES, .INC.
500 NEWPORT CENTER DRIVE, SUITE 525
NEWPORT BEACH, CA 92660
(714) 640-6363
MARCH 23, 1981
1
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AIR QUALITY.ANALYSIS FOR RANCHO CARRILLO
METEOROLOGY/CLIMATOLOGY
The Mediterranean climate of North San Di ego County I s coast a 1 areas, as
with all of Southern California, is controlled by the moderating effects of
the vast nearby oceanic heat reservoir, and the air circulation within the
semi-permanent high-pressure center, usually located between California and
Hawa.ii. The climate is characterized by cool summers, mild winters, fresh
daily onshore breezes, comfortable humidities, and low rainfall confined to
the wfnter months. Moist maritime air passing over cool coastal waters pro-
duces considerable low coastal stratus clouds that change to hazy daytime con-
ditions during the heat of the day. A second manifestation of the shallow
layer of cool marine air is that when it is capped by a large dome of warm,
sinking air in the Pacific high-pressure cell, the boundary between the cool
marine and warm subsiding air forms an impenetrable temperature inversion that
traps air pollution within the marine air layer. While Southern California
has a unique climate that attracts and maintains a gr·eat population density,
the inability of the atmosphere to disperse the air pollution generated by the
large population creates one of the worst air quality climates in the United
States.
Temperatures average 60°F annually with cool summers (68°F) and mild win-
ters (54°F). Extremes of temperature are rare, with few days in excess of
90°F or temperatures below freezing.
• Rainfall, in contrast to the small diurnal and seasonal variations of
temperature, is highly variable. Almost all of the annual precipitation of 10
inches falls from late November to early April. Monthly and annual totals
vary greatly, such that monthly precipitation in a 11wet 11 year may exceed the
entire annual total during drought conditions.
Winds are an impo.rtant parameter in determing the air quality impact of
additional project-related air pollution sources because the wind speed gov-
erns the local (micro-scale) dispersion near a source and the direction gov-
erns the regional (mesa-seal e) trajectory of those emissions. The closest
wind records to the Rancho Carri 11 o site are from ·pa 1 omar Airport from data
taken for the once-proposed Macario Canyon oil refinery. These data show that
onshore winds from the southwest through northwest dominate for much of the
year except in winter when nocturnal winds reverse and blow offshore. In sum-
• mer, especially during the day, emissions generated in Carlsbad are blown far
inland by strong sea breezes and are dispersed over the coastal ranges. In
winter, especially at night, the offshore winds and subsequent weaker onshore
C
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winds balance such that some localized pollution stagnation may result. The
directional frequency distribution of the Palomar wind data (wind rose) is
shown in Figure 1.
Because of the difference in the land/sea breeze distribution, there is a
corresponding seasonal difference in air pollution dispersion patterns. In
summary, the air pollution sources impacting the Carlsbad area are far upwind
and the impact of any locally generated emissions is far downwind. In winter,
the source and impact of air pollutants occur in a much smaller area. With
clean ocean air usually blowing across North County, and with considerable
open space and limited emissions sources, the air quality near the project
site is usually healthful and among the best in the County. There are times,
however, when the polluted air from the Los Angeles Basin drifts southeastward
offshore at night and then comes onshore across the North County area the next
day. When this polluted air mass passes near the project site, it creates
very unhealthful air quality conditions and is responsible for several epi-
sodes of the worst air pollution observed in San Diego County in the last
decade.
Each of the onshore/offshore wind patterns is accompanied by a character-
istic vertical temperature structure (usually an inversion) that affects the
air quality impact the proposed project will have. During the warm months,
the warm, sinking air of the Pacific high-pressure center forms a lid over the
area that inhibits vertical mixing. As the clean ocean air moves inland, each
source adds more pollutants from below while no dilution takes place from
above. As these trapped pollutants react under abundant sunshine, they form
the notorious eye-burning photochemi ca 1 smog often found at in 1 and receptors.
In winter under calm conditions, cold air pools in low-lying elevations while
the air aloft remains warm. These light winds and shallow inversions trap
po 11 utants near a source such as a freeway and form 1 oca 1 i zed po 11 ut ion "hot
spots," especially from vehicular carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen. Few
locations in North County have sufficient traffic to generate enough emissions
to cause any hot spots, but the growth of the area raises some concerns about
possible local air quality degradation.
AIR QUALITY
In order to determine the significance of the air qua l i ty imp act of a
project, that impact, together with baseline air quality levels, must be com-
pared to the applicable Ambient Air Quality Standards (AAQS). These standards
are the levels of air quality considered safe, with an adequate margin of
safety, to protect the public health and welfare. Standards are designed to
protect those people most sensitive to further respiratory distress such as
asthmatics, the elderly, young children, people already weak from illness,
people in heavy exercise requiring deep breathing, etc. Most healthy adults
3
1
Wind Rose
w
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N
E
s
Location: Palomar Airport , Carlsbad, CA.
1972-1973
Frequency of Calms: 7 .96%
•
•
•
•
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
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can tolerate somewhat higher exposures before adverse effects are noted. Mea~
sures to reduce the margin of safety to trade off the cost of air po 11 ut ion
abatement against an ''acceptable level of risk" are now under consideration by
the new Federal administration.
The current AAQS are an outgrowth of the Clean Air Act Amendments of
1970. National standards for six (now seven) pollution species were developed
by the Env i ronmenta 1 Protection Agency (EPA) • States retained the right to
estab 1 i sh more stringent standards or to adopt • standards for di ff eri ng expo-
sure periods or different pollutants. Since California already had State
standards in existence before the . Federal action and has unique air quality
problems, there is considerable diversity between State·and Federal AAQS. The
standards currently applicable in California are shown in Table A. In the
case of conflicting State and Federa 1 AAQS, the most stringent standard is to
be enforced.
Because of Carlsbad's geographic position relative to the occasional
recycling of Los Angeles Basin pollutants through North County, the project
area has some of the worst air quality in San Diego County. Ambient air qual-
ity measurements at the closest San Diego Air Pollution Control District
(APCO) station at Oceanside suggest that on most days the incoming ocean air
is except i ona 11 y po 11 ut ion-free. During the intrus i ans of po 11 uted air from
populated and industrialized areas to the north, however, the ozone levels in
the project area are sometimes the worst in the County. For whatever meteoro-
1 ogi ca 1 reason, the stat i ans at Oceanside and So 1 ano Beach recorded the on 1 y
second stage photochemi ca 1 smog epi sades in ·the County in a 1 most ten years,
and these were observed in the late 1970s when pollution clean-up had suppos-
edly significantly reduced emissions of hydrocarbons and NOx, the raw mate-
rials that create the smog. Fortunately, the number of days when the high
oxidant levels are observed is much less than in other inland County receptors
exposed to coastal area precursor emissions, but when the smog episodes occur,
they are very unhealthy for all individuals breathing the polluted air.
Table B summarizes the last five years of air quality data at the Ocean-
side monitoring station (1980 data have not yet been published). Particulates
and ozone, the two species generally related to regional airflow and photo-
chemical processes, often exceed their respective standards. Of all the basin
monitoring stations, Oceanside often has the highest dust and smog 1 eve 1 s.
NOx, S02, and CO,· the species usually linked to local pollution sources,
are typically below AAQS levels because there are only limited sources of
these pollutants in the North County area. Any ambient air quality problems
near the project site are, therefore, the result of pollutants carried into
the area from other source regi ans rather than any 1 oca 11 y generated emi s-
s ions.
C
TABLE A 5 C
AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS
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-,..,_ A...-....T-• CMifGfflieSI-Naciall• S.._,.,
c:-••11111io11 M•tllOd l'rim•tY s .......... .., Met-·
Qaiclan1 1,-. 0.10 DOffl Ullra,,10191 ---f200u,v...., 1'1101-11,
0-I"---2COu91m• S-n Primar, i:.,_...,,,,,., .. c■nt
10.1% Ollffll SUftd1td Meutca 0
C:.,.,.MOMaidtl 12:i-IODOIII -
111 ""''"'" SMlleH '"-N_0,1oltliwe NcNt00is;■rsn,• -1n1,., ... 10 m91m• Pnm.,., lldntld
Specrroscagy ISDllffll sa-..u S-.;opy
I !lour ,&Q-"01119.tm• (Clm;lm'! 135 :::ml
NilrogM0io:lide. AllnullAve,1911 -100 u91m• G .. ,i,, .. 10.05 ooml
I lleur 5411Zffl■n Melllocl s ..... aal'rim.,., 0i.m,1-•scenc1
~ 0.251111m -~ ... 0 (470uq.lm'I
S..U...Oiaude ~"-·•· -80u9tm• -(0.0lPOml
241iow 0.05 DDIII lHu9/,... -
1131 •"'" Coftdua1fflfllic C0.14 DD~I ,._,,,.n11e
.Metllod Meulod
:in----llCOuq/,...
10.5 Pllffll
111aw· 0.5gpm --n:uouvm'I 0
s....-. .. All11111IGeometric eo.,..,,,.. 7Su91111• '° 1191'm• PlftlCUIII■ M■an KlqltVolu--Hi911 Vilha-Mallff
2•-100i19.lm' , Samot,119 21101191 .... 150uq.lm• 5-ldl9
S.,lflln 24llaul 25uql .... AINL M9Clllld ---. NA. 51
Laad lOay 1.Su9',... AIHL MatllOcl -I ..,. -... _..,_ NCL 5.& 0
CMet1du --l.5uq.tml 1..Suvm• Ala<IIIC Q11a,1e, Allaatllll<OII
~--1"-0.03-~llffllUffl ---Sullid■ (4ZuG.f...., '4¥druc■ s1,ae1:u
MetlU>d ~--311---150 u9/m' Sam••• Flame loN11110" (CGrrectdfor (S-9un.J 10.24ppml Prim■,., ' D••-U11n9 Mes11■ne1 s•-••"• Gas01...,.a1c,q,a,.,,.,
V"lft'/!01/a,ida 24 llour 0.0tOPOIII Gu Cllrom1109, 0 (Qllaraeclletl■I 1211ua1m•1 rao,,., r,,..18 srall
''"'"" 78•8·.31
Elflyl-· S llout -0.1 l)pffl ----111.w 0.5 001ft
Vlsillilir, 1-llion In suflicillll amevnt 10
R-cin9 reduee ,,,. o,..,.,.,~ ..,.,11~•1\'
Pamcln to lfla 111a11 10 mllos wne11111• relaliv■ 1111midi1Y ,s Ins 11'1n 701----
APPUCABLS ONLY IN THE LAKE TAHOE AIR BASIN: 0
C.,oonM1111n1de Sllout s ppffl I NOIR .. ---C7_m9/m'I
VilillililY I 011SetYa1,on tn suHietcnt amoun1 to
R-c,119 reduce lh• fll'fflflJlhfltJ 'VISIO"•lY ---P'sn1d■s to l11a Ill~ .30 mite■ when 1no ,.,_ llufflldlty ,s less lh4n 70"
0
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0 TABLE B 6
CARLSBAD AREA AIR QUALITY SUMMARY
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1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Days Days Days Days Days
Over Hr.* Over Hr.* O_ver Hr.* Over Hr.* Over Hr.*
Pollutant Standards Std. Max. Std. Max. Std .• Max. Std. Max. Std. Max.
0 Ozone
1 hr > 0.08 ppm 43 Q.19 69 0.29 87 0 .. 25 71 0.35 0.36
l hr> 0.10 ppm 0.19 0.29 61 0.25 51 0.35 45 0.36
l hr> 0.12 ppm 0.19 0.29 22 0.25 20 0.35 22 0.36
l hr> 0.20 ppm 0 0.19 0.29 2 0.25 5 0.35 7 0.36
0 Nitrogen dioxide
l hr> 0.25 ppm 1 0.31 4 0.33 2 0.36 2 0.32 a 0.21
Carbon monoxide
8 hrs > 9 ppm 0 10 0 10 a 8 0 9 0 10
0 Hydrocarbons I 3 hrs> 0.24 ppm 179 4.0 222 4.2. 243 4.5 211 4.0 I
i
Sulfur dioxide
1 hr 1. a.so ppm· 0 0.03 0 ,0.06 0 0 0.03 0 0.06
0 ... Particulates
24 hrs> 100 µg/m3 251 172 20% 146 21% 173 40% 219 ·33% 180
Annual > 60 µg/~ -83 82 82 88 85
*In ppm, except for particulates in µg/m3
0 Source: San Di eg_o APCD, 1975-79
0
0
0
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The fact that much of the North County source of episode-causing air pol-
lution is from outside the air basin presents a serious problem in terms of
air pollution control. Over the last few years, the Comprehensive Planning
Organization (CPO), the APCD, and other agencies developed an Air Quality Man-
agement Plan (AQMP) under the acronym RAQS (Regional Air Quality Strategies).
The basic premise of RAQS is as fo 11 ows: •
The San Diego Air Basin is as·sured of meeting all AAQS as required
by the Clean Air Act ,Amendments of 1977 if the following assumptions
·are correct:
--The air quality model used to correlate the source/receptor
relationship is accurate.
--The required legislation is established at the State and
local levels.
--The future growth patterns are consistent with the 1 oca-
ti ons, growth rates, and land uses used in the CPO's Series
V projections. •
--The future population behavior as to driving patterns, ener-
gy consumption, transit utilization, and lifestyle are rea-
sonably well predicted.
--The air coming from the South Coast Air Basin is pollution-
free.
If al 1 these assumpti ans are correct, then Rancho Carri 11 o and any other
planned growth will not have an adverse effect on regional air quality.
Unfortunately, the critical cornerstone of the' RAQS program, a mandatory.
vehicle inspection program, has not been passed by the State legislature. The
air coming into the project area is not getting any cleaner, and unless there
are drastic changes in the next few years, it is highly doubtful that the air
quality attainment deadline can be met.
AIR QUALITY IMPACT
Several general conclusions about the air quality impact from multiple
land use growth can be inferred from the impact observed from hundreds of sim-
ilar developments. The major air quality impact from any such development
results from the dependence on the automobile as the primary means of trans-
portation. Because vehicular emi ssi ans, by their very mobile nature, are
widely dispersed in space and time, any single development usually does not of
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i tse 1 f contribute enough po 11 utants to cause, AAQS to be exceeded. Rather,
each vehicle adds a very sma 11 additi ona 1 amount of unreacted pol 1 utants that
directly impact the local environs and then move downwind and· react to cause
regional air quality degradation. It is almost impossible to detect the air
pollution 11 signature11 of only a few vehicles, but when the air pollutants from
over one million·vehicles in San Diego County are combined,. the characteristic
air quality problems observed over much of the basin result.
In addition to vehicular emissions, the dust generated during construc-
tion activities and the consumption of energy requiring the combustion of fos-
sil fuels are also significant project air quality impacts. The impacts of
such sources tend to be less severe, more localjzed, and somewhat more easily
controlled than those of .the ubiquitous automobile. : For all of the growth-
related air pollution emissions, the e!!lissi on rates and future transportation
and energy use patterns -are not well known •. Although these emis•sions and
their impacts have been quantified as well as possible in the following sec-
tions, these imp~cts must be reg~rded as. best estimates rather than as highly
precise· impact predictions.
Construction Impacts. During ·construction activities, clearing,
grading, travel on unpaved surfaces, material hauling, and employee commuting
to the.construction site will cause various .air pollutants to be added to the
regional burden during the construction period.-By far, the generation of
fugitive dust from soil disturbance,-. while temporary, is the greatest air
quality concern of intensive construction activities. Based on a total proj-
ect phasing of ten years and an average individual project-intensive construe-\
ti on period of six months , about 40 acres wi 11 be undergo, ng canst ruction
activities at.any one time. The EPA suggests a construction/demolition fugi-
tive dust emission factor of 1.2 ton/acre disturbed/month of activity. The
emission rate can be_· reduced by about one-half through regular watering for
dust suppression as required by APCD. Rule SO. At the controlled fugitive dust
emission rate, about 0.8 ton of dust will be r.eleased each day during con-
struction. Much of this dust will settle-out on nearby hori zonta 1 surfaces
such as vehicles, buildings, foliage, etc. and may cause a soiling nuisance to
downwind receptors. A portion of the 0.8 ton/day will remain suspended and
mix with the several hundred tons of particulates emitted within the air basin
each day. Compared to regional emission levels~ the project-related emissions
are nominal and any corresponding regional ambient air quality impact will be
similarly small. It should be further noted that the construction dust is
typically chemically inert and of a Jarge particle. diameter. readily filtered
in the human upper respiratory tract. Such dust emi ss i ans are, therefore,
typically _much less unhealthful than the finely •divided organic mists of
polluted urban atmospheres that are easily inhaled far into the lungs and
absorbed by the bloodstream.
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Combustion emissions from heavy-duty equipment, trucks, and portable
equipment will also be released during construction. s.uch emissions are
extremely small when compared to the air pollution resulting from +25 million
vehicle miles driven in the County each day. As w.it_h dust emissions, there
may be a localized· nuisance from diesel exhaust odor, but any ambient air
quality impacts from construction activities will almost never be observed.
Vehicular Emissions Impact. Vehicular emissions impact air quality
on two primary sea 1 es of motion. The pri nci pal concern is that unburned ,
hydrocarbons and ·oxides of nitrogen wi 11 combine under abundant Southern Cali-
fornia sunshine to·form photochemical oxidants. Since oxidants already exceed
AAQS by a wide margin; the additional growth.;.rel ated emissi ans. represent a
further burden that must be overcome by concurrent emissi ans rectuct_i ans else-
wher~ in the air basin. ·Ona local scale, concentrations of ttaffic, espe-
cially during peak-hour congested flow, may create isolated areas of high pri-
mary (unreacted) vehicular pollutants generally called "hot spots." Based on
the results of the project traffic study, the ambient air quality impact for
these two scales of motion is outlined below.
Regionally, the indicator of vehicular pollutant generation is the -number
of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) by residential, commercial, and industrial.
deve 1 opment occupants·. At project buil dout, Rancho Carri 11.o wil 1 generate
53,840 vehi c 1 e trips. At eight mi 1 es per trip, 430, 720 VMT wi 11 be generated •
by the project. Compared to the 30-40. milliori VMT dri'ven daily in the basin,
Rancho Carrillo will ultimately represent about 1% of all basin traffic. The
VMT estimate is based on summing all residential, commercial, industrial, and
institutional trips separately. Actua·lly, some of the home-shop, home-work,
and home-school trips are. internal within Rancho Cal'."rillo and, thus,. are
counted as two project trips when in reality only one trip will be _generated.
The more conservative assumption that all residents shop and work outside the
project boundaries and that all shoppers and workers come from outside Rancho
Carrillo was used because there are no reliable estimates of the internal vs.
external trip distribut·ion, but this overestimate should be understood in the
following analysis. • •
Assumi.ng a linear phasing of Rancho Carrillo with 25% completion by 1985,
75% by 1990, and 100% by 1995, and applying the vehicular emission factors for
San Diego Air Basin traffic mixes and driving patterns,· yields an emissions
total as shown in Table C. Table C contains project-related emissions data
for the basic project plus the ·small additional emissions from a possible
school site conversion-to other uses if the school sites are surplus. At.
bui l dout, Rancho Carri 11 o traffic wi 11 contribute six· tons of CO, one ton of
NOx, 0.7 ton of hydrocarbons, and small amounts of S02 and particulates.
The potential additional development adds a little more than 10% above these
project-related emissions totals.
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RANCHO CARRILLO VEHICULAR
EMISSIONS {TONS/DAY l lsa
0
,,
1985 1990 1995
BASE PROJECT
0 Hydrocarbons
VMT-related _ 0.09 0.22 0.29
Trip-related .. • 0.13 0.33 · 0.40 ·-
TOTAL 0.22 • ..-0.55 0.69 -·----,. .
0 Carbon monoxide
VMT ..;re 1 ated Ll8 2.79 3.49
Tri p;;.fl!l ated _0.77 -2 .. 06. 2.69 -
TOTAL 1.95 · .. ,_ 4.87 6.18
0
Oxides of nttrogen o .. 26 0.72 .0.96
Oxides of sulfur 0.02 0.05 0.07
Particulates 0.03 ': 0.10 ... 0.13
0
BASE AND ADOITIONAL POSSIBLE
Hydrocarbon's.
VMT-related 0.09 • 0.23. 0;30
0 Trip-related ·:'; . 0.14 0.33 0.40
TOTAL 0.23 0.56 0.70
Carbon mo.noxide
0 ·VMT-related 1.20· 2.85 3.55
Trtp.-re 1 ated • 0.7B 2.10 2.74 . ~ .. --
TOTAL • 1.98 4.95 6.29.
0 Oxi~e~ of nitrcigen 0.26· o. 74 0.98
Oxides of ~uifu~ ..
I
0.02 0.05 0.07 . 0.03 0.10 0·.13 Particulates
I
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An interesting aspect of the data in Table C, 'especially for. hydrocarbons
as precursors to smog, is that as many of the. emissions result from starting,
stopping, idling,, evaporative losses after stopping, and inefficien~ combus-
tion during start-up as from driving the entire rest of the trip at a steady
speed with a pollution-efficient combustion process. It is, therefore, as
pollution-effective to eliminate a short trip entirely as to reduce the_ aver-
age length of a trip by a few miles. This ·suggests that the polluti.on penalty
of extensive North County development away from many major County centers of
commerce and employment resulting in longer driving distances can be somewhat
offset by integrated project land uses that promote pedestrian,' bicycle, elec-
tric cart, or other reduced-pollution means of local travel.
Given an emission rate of so many tons/day widely distributed . on the
County roadway network, what does t.hat mean in terms of further· i ncrementa 1
degradation of regional air quality? Without complex photochemical air quali-
ty models, that is a difficult question to answer. A simplistic answer is to
assume that the downwind air qua 1 i ty impact is direct 1 y pro port i ona l • to the
upwind source strength. If twice as much air pollution is emitted upwind,
downwind ambient air pollution levels might logically be assu!J1ed to be twice
as high. Tab 1 e D demonstrates that, at project completion, ' Rancho Carri 11 o
will contribute from 0.54 to 0.70% of the entire basin's burden (shown in. line
labeled "Base/1987 Target") of the main vehicular pollutants; i.e., hydrocar.:
bans, CO, and NOx. To say.. that Rancho Carri 11 o traffic represents. 1/200th
of all air pollution, both from all mobile sources and all stationary sources
in the basin, attests to the magnitude of this development and the importance
in mitigating as much as possible its air pollution impact. The. predicted
incremental regional air quality degradation of less· than 1% .of the clean air
.standard will obviously not, of itself, prevent the attainment of basinwide
clean air; but if the effects of several such projects are combined, there
will simply not be enough sources of other pollution reduction to offset the
project contribution, and MQS attain·ment, primarily for ozone, will be
extremely difficult.
Even if regional impacts do not threaten clean air standards, the local
accumulation of traffic on Palomar Airport Road could raise local CO concen-
trations to unhealthful levels. To test for this possibili.ty, traffic projec-
tions from the traffic study for rush-hour conditions were used to·initialize
the ·CalTrans roadway dispersion model CALINE3. Vehicular emissibn ·factors
were derived from EMFACS, the California-specific version of the national
emissions estimation computer model MOBILE!. Hourly maximum CO concentrations
were calculated for light winds and stable co·nditions (Pasquill 11F11 Stability
and 2 mph winds) with winds parallel to Palomar Airport Road and for _quarter-
ing winds across a large intersection such as the future Palomar Airport Road/
Melrose Avenue intersection. The results from the computer dispersion model
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RANCHO CARRILLO VEHICULAR EMISSIONS
BASIN BURDEN ANALYSIS lsa
0
Hydro-Carbon Oxides of
carbons Monoxide Nitrogen Particulates
0 Base project emissions (1995) 0.69 6.18 0.96 0.13
Base and school site
emissions (1995) • 0.70 6.29 0.98 0.13
1974/75 RAQS base year 279 1221 187 361
0 1987 target at attainment 127 887 150. 291
Base/1987 target (%) 0.54 · 0.70 0.64 0.04
B.ase ·and school site/
1987 target· (%) 0.55 0.71 0.65 0.04
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are shown in Figures 2 and 3. In both cases, the maximum one-hour CO concen-
tration is six ppm near the roadway edge. This concentration diminishes
rapidly away from the roadway and slowly away from the intersection, but is
certainly well below the hourly standard of 35 ppm. S"ince neither the· rush-
hour traffic nor the . restrictive meteorology remains unchanged over eight
hours, the eight-hour CO standard of nine ppm wil 1 al so not be threatened by
Rancho Carrillo traffic. Unless regional background ,CO levels· become very
high, the localized Rancho Carrillo plus other nearby project traffic will not
cause the formation of any CO "hot spots" near the roadway, much less within
any populated sensitive receptor sites away from the road.
Stationary Source • Impacts. A final source of project impact wi 11
result from the consumption of energy to supply electricity, heat, hot water,
etc. Using SOG&E consumption figures for various land uses and dwelling siz-
es, 67.8 million KWH and 396 million cubic feet of natural gas will be requir-
ed to meet Rancho Carrillo energy needs. Since about one-half of all SDG&E
electricity is generated by burning oil at basin power stations, the electric-
al demand will cause considerable additional air pollution emissions. By
applying APCO-derived emission factors to the oil-fired portion of the elec-
trical demand and to the much cleaner-burning onsite natural gas use, the
project-related stationary source emissions can be calculated as seen in Table
E. Since the stationary source emissions, especially the hydrocarbons that
"fuel" the smog-formation reaction, are minimal compared to the vehicular
source emissions, the ambient air quality impact from stationary source emis-
sions is correspondingly minimal.
MITIGATION
Si nee much of the proJect impact results from vehicular sources whose
emission characteristics are beyond th·e control of local regulatory agencies
or developers, there is little potential for significant mitigation of air
pollution impacts. Some measures can be implemented to slightly reduce the
impacts resulting from ,suburban growth, but these measures represent only a
small reduction of the total project-related air pollutant burden. The mea-
sures that should be considered during project planning include:
Construction Impacts
--Use extra dust stabilization measures during clearing and
grading.
Perform major grading in the spring when soil moisture is
h_i ghest.
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2 14
Hourly Concentrations (ppm)
Adjacent to Palomar Airport Rd.
Palomar
Airport.
Road
~ Wind DirectieA
-------------
~ Travel Lane
~ Travel Lane
Bike Lane
5.69
• 5.65
•5_4a
80'
• 4.61
• 0.97
Note: quartering winds--hotlf'ly standard• 35-t)pm
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3 15
Hourly Concentrations (ppm) Adjacent
to Palomar Airport Rd. & Melrose Ave.
W~1nd
-----------
~ Travel L~ne
Direction -------------
~ Travel Lane
----
Bike Lane
4.6.9 5.20 5.15 5.04
.1
I 5.58 • 6.09 • 6.04 • 5.93
I
5.50 • 6.01 • 5.96· •s.as
I Melrose Ave.
I s.30 • s.a1 •s.1e
Note: Quartering winds -hourly standard -35ppm
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Palomar
Airport
Road
4.99 0
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RANCHO CARRILLO STATIONARY SOURCE
EMISSIONS ~TONS/DAYl lsa
0
El ect.ri ca 1
Pollutant Generation Natura 1 Gas Use Total
Sulfur dioxide 0.,17 Negligible 0.17
0 Hydrocarbons Negligible Negligible Negligible
Oxidesof nitrogen 0.11 a.as 0.16
Particulates 0.03 0.01 0.04
0 Carbon monoxide 0.02 0.01 0.03
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17
--Pave roads and prevent soil erosion back onto roadways to
reduce vehicular dust entrainment.
Vehicular.Impacts
--Encourage alternate transportation system utilization
through subsidized paratransit systems, efficient public
transit, carpool incentives, bikeways, cartways and walk-
ways, and vehicle-free areas.
Maintain adequate roadway capacity to prevent traffic stag-
nation.
Provide multiple housing, employment, recreational, and com-
mercial opportunities within the Rancho Carrillo community
to intra-community travel.
Stationary Impacts
Encourage fossil-fuel energy consumption reduction through
conservation and replacement with less polluting energy
resources.
Develop maximum solar energy utilization through tract lay-
out and orientation, passive solar energy capture construc-
tion, mandatory solar-assisted heating systems for recrea-
tional uses (pools, spas, and community facilities), and
include wiring, plumbing, and load-bearing areas in roof
designs for future active solar collector systems.
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APPENDIX H
ENERGY ANALYSIS '
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C 500 newport center drive. suite 525
newport beach, california 92660
phone (714) 640-6363
□ 2927 newbury street, suite c
berkeley, california 94703
phone (415) 841-6840
LARRY SEEMAN ASSOCIATES, INC.
ENERGY ANALYSIS FOR RANCHO.CARRILLO
PREPARED BY
HANS GIROUX
CONSULTING ASSOCIATE
LARRY SEEMAN ASSOCIATES, INC.
500 NEWPORT CENTER DRIVE, SUITE 525
NEWPORT BEACH, CA 92660
(714) 640-6363
.. MARCH 23, 1981
1
ENERGY ANALYSIS RANCHO cARRILLd
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The current consumption of non-renewable energy resources on Rancho
Carrillo property is negligible. As the property is developed, the onsite
electrical and natural gas demand and vehh:ular fuels will constitute a sig-
nificant energy demand in an era of rapidly declining resources.
The coastal environment of Southern California offers a considerable
opportunity to minimize energy demand because of a very mild climate. Cool
summer breezes reduce air-conditioning demand, mild winters reduce heat loads,
and abundant sunshine, especially in inland valleys away from coastal clouds,
offers considerable possibilities for solar-assisted energy systems. Compared
to other areas of California and the nation, the San Diego area has almost.the
lowest climatically-induced (hot or cold weather) energy demand.
Upon project completion, there will be three principal sources of fossil-
fueled energy consumption .. These include:
1. Electrical energy utilization met by combustion of oil,
gas, or coal in fossil-fueled power plants.
2. 0nsite natural gas combustion for heating, cooking, or hot
water.
3. Automotive fuels and lubricants to meet project-related
transportation needs.
Standard energy demand estimates can be made using consumption factors
derived from SDG&E experience in energy supply and vehicular performance char-
acteristics. These consumption factors are based on hi stori ca 1 performance
and, therefore, do not reflect the marked trend toward conservation created by
lin:iited supply and-spiraling costs of energy resources. Using the somewhat
conservative consumption (over-predict-ive) estimates yields the following
project-related energy demand. •
Electricity-·· 67,755 MWH/year
Natural gas -4,170,000 therms··natural gas/year
Gasoline -5,250,000 gallons/year
SDG&E has indicated in its future energy supply plans that it can keep
pace with area growth and that there will be a significant decline in basin-
wide oil and gas use within the next decade for electrical generation. Given,
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however, the rapidly r1s1ng cost of electricity and the weak financial posi-
tion of SDG&E, every effort should be made to reduce energy consumption
through aggressive conservation measures for economic reasons, if for no other
reason.
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APPENDIX I
NOISE STUDY
BIOACOUSTICAL ENGINEERING CORP., 1980
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80/234
EVALUATION OF EXTERIOR NOISE EXPOSURE
AND GENERAL DEVELOPMENT RESTRICTIONS
FOR THE RANCHO CARRILLO PROPOSED
RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN
CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA
Prepared for:
D~on Corporation
P.O. Box 2770
Newport Beach, CA 92660
i
Prepared by: _______ .......,.._
Johns. Leyerle
Senior Engineer
18 December 1980
1833 East lith Street. Suite 103 • Santa Ana. California }!:271l l • 71.; .-:,.:. 7-51:Jti
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80/234
0
REPORT SYNOPSIS
An acoustical analysis of the proposed Rancho Carrillo develop-
ment has been made, Included in this analysis is a determination o
of the current and expected future project noise exposures for
all property south of Palomar Airport Road. A visual and aural
inspection of the development area indicates that there are four
principle sources of project noise exposure. Current exposure
levels are primarily influenced by motor-vehicle noise along
Palomar Airport Road and by aircraft operations associated with 0 Palomar Airport. .Current noise exposure across the development
site has a limited impact from dragster and motocross noise
sources associated with Carlsbad Raceway. Future noise impact
from all community sound sources will be heavily dominated by
motor-vehicle traffic on Palomar Air,port Road and on the project
interior roadways. (Two analyses of future roadway noise emissions 0 were made. Impact evaluations were completed assuming ultimate
traffic flow and assuming ultimate traffic flow with the additional
traffic from a housing density bonus and school conversion plan.)
Future noise exposures from aircraft operations associated with
Palomar Airport, dragster activity at Carlsbad Raceway and moto-
cross activity at Carlsbad Raceway are expected to produce a
limited impact. Mea,surements and analysis of each principle 0
noise source were performed to determine the range of current
and future noise impact across the development property south of
Palomar Airport Road. With knowledge·of the exposure levels from
each principle sound source, the overall noise impact from all
sources was determined for current and future times. The
analyses indicate that expected future noise exposure levels o
within the ,development site will exceed the current noise impact.
Tl+e "worst-case" noise exposure levels expected across the develop-
ment site ~outh of Pal.omar Airport Road were divided into four
·noise exposure categories. For each noise exposure category, certain
noise ·control measures must be used to insure compliance with o
state and local limits for sound levels in all outdoor and indoor
_ residential living areas. The report presents three examples
of practical noise control barrier des.igns which will reduce the
outdoo~ noise exposure to well within the 65 dB CNEL permitted
limit. Also discussed are the general requirements for building
shell construction to insure compliance with the 45 dB CNEL 0 interior standard. Necessary mitigation measures range from no
required controls to stringent sound control steps which represent
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
REPORT SYNOPSIS . iii
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . .
CU~T EXTERIOR NOISE ENVIRONMENT
Current Aircraft Noise Impact
. . . . . . . . . . .
e • • • • • • • • o •
Current Motor-Vehicle Noise Impact. . . . . . .
Current Carlsbad Raceway Dragster Noise Impact.
Current Carlsbad Raceway Motocross Noise Impact
• Cl ■ ■ FUTURE EXTERIOR NOISE ENVIRONMENT
Future Aircraft Noise Impact.
Future Motor-Vehicle Noise 1Impact . . . . . . . . .
Future Carlsbad Raceway Dragster Noise Impact
Future Carlsbad Raceway Motorcross Noise Impact
COMPARISON OF CURRENT AND FUTURE NOISE IMPACTS
FUTURE OVERALL DEVELOPMENT NOISE EXPOSURE
GENERAL NOISE IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES
CONCLUSION-G •
REFERENCE LIST
ii
. . .
1
3
3
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22
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26
32
32
32
36
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7J.
BICACDUST1CAL
EN~INE:R!NGCO~F.
80/234
INTRODUCTION
EVALUATION OF EXTERIOR NOISE EXPOSURE
AND GENERAL DEVELOPMENT RESTRICTIONS
FOR THE RANCHO CARRILLO PROPOSED
RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT IN
CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA
BioAcoustical Engineering Corporation (J3AEC) has been retained
to determine the expected noise environments and general sound
control measures for the proposed Rancho Carrillo residential
development. Of particular interest are the acoustical impacts and·
mitigation measures needed for each planned residence and all out-
door living space. Using the current and projected future exterior
noise environments, a total of four noise impact categories are
outlined. The general acoustical mitigation measures associated
with each impact category are presented. Identification of the
sound exposure groups and associated noise control measures was
performed to assist in orderly site development planning and help
insure compliance with state and local acoustical criteria. •
The planned Rancho Carrillo project consists of roughly 300 acres
located in the City of Carlsbad. The development is located east
of Palomar Airport and South of Palomar Airport Road, due south of
the Carlsbad Raceway. (See Figure l on the next page). Principle
construction within the development will consist of single and
multiple family residential. housing. An approximate total of 2,998
living units ~ill be built within the project. The development
will also contain open space, park areas, neighborhood commercial
centers and a business/light industrial area north of Palomar
Airport Road.
Sound control requirements which apply to the Rancho Carrillo
aevelopment are listed in both state and local criteria. These
standard-s specify the required sound control performance between
individual (attached) dwelling units and the maximum exterior noise
impact inside and outside all residential construction. Control of
noise impact between units is best analyzed much later in the
development stage when proposed building plans have been developed.
At that time each party wall and common floor-ceiling may be individ-
ually analyzed for compliance with the performance criteria. Unit-
to-unit noise control will not be addressed in this study.
Permitted maximum noise exposuresfrom outdoor sound levels are
specified in state and local standards for both indoor and outdoor
living areas. Exterior-to-interior noise intrusion is restricted
to 45 dB CNEL for multi-family dwelling units by state standard·s
and to 45 dB CNEL for single family dwelling units by local criteria.
In addition, noise exposure in all principal outdoor living space
is limited to 65 dB CNEL by local standards.
S!CACD1JST1CAL
ENl:iiNE:RirJtitDRF.
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REPORT SYNOPSIS(Continued)
borderline feasibility for residential construction. However,.
despite this impact range, most areas within the development will
need little or no noise control measures to satisfy applicable
sound control criteria.
The general mitigation measures for each exposure category will
assist in determining development feasibility and general
construction requirements. Of course the specific noise control
designs and approvals should.not be considered in the general
planning stage of development. The detailed elements of the
noise control design are bes1; formul·ated prior to issuance of
building permits for review and approval by the Building Depart-
ment. Once the specific building plans are completed, analyses
should be performed, as needed, to determine the particular
noise control measures required. It is expected that State and
Local noise exposure criteria will be easily satisfied throughout
the development with little or no change in the standard building
construction.
The noise exposure assessment addressed in this report applies
only to that portion of the development south of Palomar Airport
Road. Field measurements and projections of current and future
noise levels have not been determined for the property north
of Palomar Airport Road. If noise-sensitive development is
later planned for this area, additional field measurements and
noise control design reconunendations are required. Noise
sensitive land uses which would require noise· impact assessment
and noise control design include: motels, hotels, private and
general office spaces, certa~n retail uses, apartments, condo-
miniums, and single family dwellings. •
iv
E!CACDLJSiiCAL ENGiNEiRINEiCC~R
0 0
,. / -
CHIA
/ ·1
I ' -:P • / 1111 U _ ~j_r p I-# ~:=-=-=--·------c-~ ~.
'...-----1, , __
IID.
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-------_ ...__.......,. __
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l . ____ Carld1dCllr_L1,.11
Site Location Map
' I
l
. \
.-• I
I
I
The cross-hatched area shown above indicates the approximate.location of the
Rancho Carrillo proposed development.
0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0
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80/234 3
In the following discussion, noise exposure conditions expected
throughout the development are presented. The anticipated range
of sound levels is divided into four impact ca~egories. A com-
parison of each category with state and local criteria for exterior
noise control indicates the general mitigation measures which will
be needed for each exposure group.
CURRENT EXTERIOR NOISE ENVIRONMENT
..
Evaluations of the current outside noise environment throughout
the Rancho Carrillo development site were made by BAEC from
Friday, 18 January 1980, through .Sunday, 20 · January 190·0. Subjective
observations during the data collection days indicate that there
are four primary sources of project noise impact. Visual arid
aural inspection of the development environs indicated that the
principle sources of noise impact include: aircraft noise exposure
from activities associated with Palomar Airport; motor-vehicle sound
levels from Palomar Airport Road; dragster noise impact from
Carlsbad Raceway1 and sound levels from motocross activity at
Carlsbad Raceway. •
The project noise-exposure from ea.ch primary noise source is
discussed in the following sections.
Current Aircraft Noise Impact
Analysis of the development noise ~xposure from aircraft operations
associated with Palomar Airport was made from field measurements
at two points on the development site and from field data collected
for similar aircraft approaching John Wayne Airport in Orange ,
County. Figure 2 on the following page indicates the approximate
location. of the aircraft measurement points on the Rancho Carrillo
property. Site photographSshown in Figure 3.
Aircraft fly-over noise levels were recorded using a calibrated
sound level meter at each location, a graphic level recorder at one
position, and a magnetic tape recorder at the other data collection
point. The measurement equipment at one_ measurement point was
comprised of a Bruel and Kjaer model 220·4 S precision Sound Level
Meter and a Bruel and Kjaer Model 2305 Level Recorder. Data was·
collected at the other measurement point using a GenRad Model 1565-B
type 2 Sound Level Meter and a Sony Model TC-772 professional Tape·
Recorder. The sound measurement equipment at each point was calibrated
before data collection using a Bruel and Kjaer Type 4230 Sound Level
Calibrator or a GenRad Type 1562-A Sound Level Calibrator. The
sound level meters at all data collection points were adjusted for
A-weighted slow respo~se sound level measurement. The measurement
microphones were positioned five feet above existing grade and
oriented for sound field incidence o0 to 90° from the plane of the-
microphone diaphram.
80/234 4
/ ~ Coll c-! r,'"
I .,...
!,; .,.
.,. ' ,:11» , .,. ~-~ ..
I , ...
------,
1 ,,,_ I
I
1 , ·--at ., I
. ..
1SIT
\ . I •
StTE 2 •
----
, __
.... COSTA
'T---r---·
I ' d ~ ,. ,--:-,
I 1 ____ _
I ,
• k-!or.:~=-:.::..... •
' .....---11 .....__//), ------1--..,..,.-....
'·
#
o/ . . . )
FIGURE 2: Aircra~t Noise Measurement Locations
The points circled above, indicate _the approxim'ate.
locations on the Rancho· Carrillo property where Site 1
and Site 2 aircraft .noise measurements were recorded.
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SI'l'E l r .! U,4 ..
i •
•
•
SI'l'E 2
FIGURE 3: Site Photographs
Shown above are photographs of the Site 1
• and Site 2 noise measurement stations indicated
in Figure 2 .
•
•
5
80/234
The data collected at each point was ultimately reduced to a
time/level strip chart of each aircraft fly-over. Figure 4 on
the next page shows a typical time/level recording.
During the on-site field measurements, three pr.imary aircraft
flight paths were observed. Aircraft were observed on (1) a
straight-in approach path traveling west parallel to and north
6
of Palomar Airport Road: (2) a loop path where the aircraft
depart the airport and circle to the south returning back to the
approach end of the airport (this path carries aircraft over
the north-west portion of the site): and (3) a fly-by path
traveling at random directionsover the property. Figure 5 on the
following page roughly indicates. the three flight paths on which
aircraft travel near or over the proposed development.
It is understood from the Comprehensive Land Use Plan for Palomar
Airport2 that three aircraft types use the airport. Single and
Twin engine propeller aircraft are two types which represent
the majority of aircraft that use the airport. In addition
business jets, both private and small commercial, operate in and
out of Palomar Airport.
During the on-site field measurement days, data was collected for
single and twin engine aircraft flying in each of the three flight
paths. Jet engine aircraft did not operate during the measurement
days. A "worst-case" determination of expected jet noise impact
was made from field measurements of 737 commercial jet aircraft
approaching John Wayne Airport. It was assumed that most jet
aircraft which fly near Rancho Carrillo use the straight-in flight
path. Field measurements of commercial jets approaching John Wayne
Airport, at the same slant-range distance between measurement Site
1 and the straight-in flight path, were used to estimate the ex-
pected "worst-case" jet noise impact on the development site.
Measurements of the commercial jet fly-by sound levels were made
using the same instrumentation and procedures used for the on-site
measurements.
Following completion of the field data collection, the time/
level noise record.for each aircraft fly-over was analyzed to
determine a Single Event Level (SEL) value for the event. The
SEL value represents a time integrated A-weighted noise level
which is expressed by the level of an equivalent one second
duration reference signal3 • That is, the SEL value represents
a single noise level, one second in duration, which contains the
same amount of acoustic energy as aircraft noise emission that is
•
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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80/234
:::W I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I C-=a I I I I I I I I I I I
&a, t4"! /(Llf!;Zk& (
S 001/61-W-l M Fu Gen: f Wctt
FIGURE 4: Typicaf Aircraft Fly-by Noise Level Recording
Shown above is a typical time/level strip chart of a
single engine propeller aircraft in the "straight-in"
flight path tsee Figure 5) as measured at Site 1. (See
Figure 2). The ordinate represents sound level in
increments of one decibel per line. The absicissa
represents time in divisions of one second for each
three millimeters. An SEL value of 69.6 dB was canputed
for this noise event .
1)
clCACOLJST~CAL •\'!\ ,~,.~ •~~~ !U ,-~ ~~
'1
1
ti
{1
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---
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a • u UUA u,-.·
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i
FIGURE 5: Aircraft Flight Paths over the Rancho Carrillo Property
••
..
I
The straight-in, loop and fly-over flight paths shown above indicate the
approximate flight paths observed during on-site aircraft noise measurements.
• •
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many seconds in duration. The SEL value for each time/level
noise record was calculated using the following equation.3
SEL = l 0 log [ ~
i=l
antilog ~ I 10) At]
Where:
AL. l.
At
n
= the instaneous A-weighted sound level for the
ith sample
= the time interval, in seconds, between s~les
= the number of samples for which the sound level
is at least 10 dB (A) below the maximum All,i
Using the above equation, an SEL value was calculated for each
aircraft type (single engine propeller, twin engine propeller,
and business jet) measured in each typical flight path (straight-
in for all aircraft types; loop for propeller aircraft; and fly-
by for propeller aircraft). A range of SEL values was determined
for each aircraft type in each flight path. An energy average of
these multiple SEL findings was made to determine a single, average,
SEL for each aircraft type operating in each typical flight path.
Table I on the next page summarizes the average SEL results.
The current 24-hour aircraft fly-over CNEL exposure level at each
measurement point was calculated using the SEL values for each
aircraft type in each flight path and the typical operation
scenario. Necessary daily operation scenario information includes:
Total number of aircraft; typical single engine propeller/twin
engine propeller/business jet fleet mix; the day/evening/nighttime
operation split; and the typical straight-in/loop/fly-by usage
split for each flight path. •
A current typical count of 268,418 operations per year was deter-
mined in a conversation with Mr. Lacy Clark, Palomar Airport
Assistant Manager.~ This current annual estimate was based upon
the 12-month count ending in December 1979. Mr. Clark indicated
there are typically 1000 operations each weekend day with the bal-
ance of operations distributed on weekdays (average of 630 operations
per week day).
Mr. Philip Safford, Assistant Director of Palomar Airport, indic~ted
that the current fleet mix is roughly: 85% single engine propeller
aircraft, 12.5% twin engine propeller aircraft, and 2.5% business
jet aircraft. 5
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Site Number
(See Figure 2)
;
1
2
... ,,_.1111
I.U
TABLE I
SUMMARY OF AVERAGE SEL VALUES BY AIRCRAFT TYPE
AND FLIGHT PATH
Single Engine Propeller Twin Engine Propeller
SEL Values SEL Values
Straight-In Loop Fly-By Straight-In Loop Fly.:.ey
Flight Path Flight Flight Flight Path Flight Flight
Path Path Path Path
69.6 dB 62.2 dB 65.7 dB 79 dB 68.2 dB 79.l dB
66.6 dB 58.9 dB 67.4 dB 73.l dB 64.2 dB 75.5 dB
0 C)
Business· Jet
SEL Values
Straight-In
Flight Path
84.7 dB
80.8 dB
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The day/evening/nighttime operation split was determined from
a conversation with Mr. K. Dean, Controller with the Palomar
Airport FAA tower.6 Mr. Dean indicated that during daytime hours
(7 am to 7 pm) roughly 94.5% of all operations·occur. During
evening hours (7 pm to 10 pm) roughly 5% of all operations occur.
During nighttime hours (10 pm to 7 am) there are generally only
3 to 4 operations. This count indicates a nighttime operation
of roughly 0.5% of all daily operations.
The approximate flight path usage split was determined from a
conversation with Mr. Philip Safford.5 Mr. Safford indicated
that roughly Oto 250 aircraft per day use the instrument pattern
(i.e., straight-in flight path)~ This indicates that 0% to
25% of all weekend traffic and 0% to 40% of all weekday traffic
use the straight-in flight path. For the purposes of this study
it is assumed that 25% of all weekend traffic and 40% of all
weekday traffic will typically fly the straight-in approach.
Further, since most business jets fly the straight-in path near
the development site, for the purposes of this study it is assumed
that all business jets use the straight-in path only. Based upon
limiteo:-field observations, it is assumed that roughly 10% of all
propeller aircraft operations, weekday and weekend, use the fly-by
flight path. It is assumed that the balance of all operations,
50% weekday and 65% weekend, use the loop flight path.
Calculation of the current aircraft CNEL impact level at each data
collection point was perf.ormed us-ing the SEL values and operational
scenario information presented above and the following equation
from reference 7:
CNE1ite i = 10 log [ (Antilog CNEI.single engine)
prop. site i
+ (Antilog CNELtwm engine )
prop. site i
+ (Antilog ~ines~ jet) ]
site i
To determine the CNEL 'te . (the CNEL for the i.th site) the above • SJ. l.
equation indicates that values for CNELsingle engine' CNELtwin engine
prop. site i prop. site i
and CNELbus'iness Jet must be known. These values refer to the
site i
CNEL impact from each aircraft type at the ith site. The CNEL value
for each aircraft type,at a given site, is determined from the
SIOACOUSilCAL eru~iNE:RINCCC~R
80/234
equation:
CNELa.ircraft = SELairc:raft type n + 10 log(~(SI) + 3.16 ~(SI)
type n straight-in path
+ SELaircraft type n + 10 log(~(L)+ 3.16 ~(L)
.loop path
+ 10 ~(L)) -49.4
+ SELaircraft type n :f-10 log(~(FB,'+ 3.16 ~(FB)
fly-by path
+ 10 ~(FB)) -49.4
12
The above equation indicates that CNELa.ircraft (the CNEL for type n
type n
aircraft -single engine propeller, twin engine propeller or
·business jet aircraft) may be determined from a knowledge of several
SEL, ND, NE, and NN values. The SELaircraft type n , ~aircraft type n
and SEL aircraft type n
Fly-by -path
straight-in path loop path
values refer to
SEL values for a given aircraft type measured in the straight-in,
loop and fly-by flight paths respectively. The ND(SI), N0 (L), and
ND(FB) values refer to the number of.aircraft type n (weekday~
weekend) which fly during the daytime hours (7 am tD 7 pm) on the
straight-in, loop and fly-by paths respectively. The NE(SI), ~(L),
~(FB) values refer to the number of aircraft type n (weekday~
weekend) which_ fl.y during the evening hours (7 pm to 10 pm) on the
straight-in, loop and fly-by paths respectively. Similarly, the
NN(SI) , NN(L) and NN(FB) values refer to the number of aircraft
type n (weekday or weekend) which fly during the nighttime hours
(10 pm to 7 am) on the straight-in, loop and fly-by paths respectively.
Following detailed calculations using the above referenced equations,
a determination has been.made of the current weekday and current
weekend aircraft CNEL exposure at each on-site measurement point.
The results are shown in Table II. This table indicates that on
weekdays the proposed development •is exposed to a current approximate
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aircraft impact range of 47.6 dB CNEL to 51.5 dB CNEL. Table II C
shows that on weekends the current aircraft noise exposure range
increases less than 2.dB to between 49.1 dB CNEL and 52.8 dB CNEL.
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TABLE II
CURRENT AIRCRAFT WEEKDAY AND WEEKEND CNEL EXPOSURES AT EACH
·MEASUREMENT SITE.
CURRENT AIRCRAFT WEEKDAY EXPOSURE
13
Site Number Single Engine Twin Engine Business Jet Total
(See Figure 2) Propeller ·propeller Noise Impact· Aircraft
Noise Impact ·Noise Impact Noise
Impact
1 45.3 dB CNEL 46.6 dB CNEL 47.8 dB CNEL 51.5 dB CNEI
2 42.9 dB CNEL 41. 4 dB CNEL 43.9 dB CNEL 47.6 dB CNEI
CURRENT AIRCRAFT WEEKEND EXPOSURE
'
Site Number Single Engine_
(See Figure 2) Propeller
No~se Impact
l 46.2 dB CNEL
2 43.9 dB CNEL
Twin Engine-Business Jet Total
Propeller Noise Impact Aircraft
Noise Impact Noise
Impact
47.2 dB CNEL 49.8 dB CNEL 52.8
42.3 dB CNEL 45.9 dB CNEL 49.l
SICACCUST1CAL ENCaiNEi!i!NCitOFiR
dB
dB
CNEL
CNEL
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Current Motor-Vehicle Noise Im~act
Field observations during on-site measurements indicated that traffic
on Palomar Airport Road represents the principle source of current
motor-vehicle noise exposure.
Measurements of the motor-vehicle noise level along Palomar Airport
Road were made on Friday, 18 January 1980. Sound level measurements
were collected using a Metrosonics Type db-602 digital Sound Level
Analyzer· with A-weighted slow response. The digii:al noise measure-
ment instrumentation was adjusted for a s·ample rate of one measure-
ment per second. The road noise measurement position was SO feet
south of the Palomar Airport Road centerline, near the east-west
center of the property (see Figures 6 and 7}. This measurement
location was approximately 49 feet from the roadway "single lane
equivalent". This "single lane equivalent" distance represents
microphone separation· from·an imaginary lane on which the total
traffic flow can be assumed to travel. Determination of the "single
lane equivalent" acoustical. cen·ter of the roadway was made in
accordance with reference 8. During the site noise level measure-
ments, the microphone was positioned five feet above existing grade
and oriented for grazing sound field incidence. The noise levels
measured were recorded at the point during a representative after-
noon period.
An Equivalent Level, Leq, value was determined directly from-the
measurement equipment for the sample period at the data collection
point (Leq corresponds to the measured noise level averaged on an
energy basis 9 } ~ .Using the recorded Leq, and typical hourly percent
traffic distribution information for roadways with over 10,000
average daily traffic (ADT)10 approximate Leq values were calculated
for each hour in the day. The hourly Leq values for the measurement
point are listed in Tab~e IIIon the next page. Also shown in this
table are the O dBA, 5 dBA, and 10 dBA weighting increases required
for the day, evening, and nighttime hours when determining a CNEL
value. The adjusted Leq values for each hour ·are tabulated in the
last column of the table. Following the method of CNEL determination
outlined in reference 7, the adjusted hourly Leq values have been
summed on an energy basis and averaged! The results of these cal-
culations indicate a current outside sound environment of 71.9 dB
CNEL at the measurement point SO feet from the Palomar Airport Road
centerline.
This method of motor-vehicle CNEL determination using a short-term
sample technique represents a state-of-the-art approach. The
approach is discussed in detail in the referencell publication.
This publication was authored by Johns. Leyerle and Otto c. Bixler,
Jr. of Bio-Acoustical Engineering Corporation and presented at
the 1978 International Conference on Noise Control Engineering.
The current Palomar Airport Road noise impact expected at 100 feet
from the roadway centerline was calculated using the field measure-
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! ... ,.,., ..
FIGURE 6: Palomar AirportRoad Noise Measurement Location
The point circled above indicates the approximate
location on the Rancho Carrillo property where
measurements of current Palomar Airport Road motor-
vehicle noise levels were recorded at SO feet from
the roadway centerline .
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,....
FIGURE 7: Site Photograph
Shown above is a photograph of the digital noise
measurement instrumentation along Palomar Airport
Road.
16
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TABLE III
SITE NOISE LEVEL MEASUREMENT.RESULTS
A-weighted Leq I,lOise level data collected during a represt:!nta'!:,ive
sample period on 18 January-1980, together with calculated hourly Leq
values and the resulting CNEL value. •
MEASUREMENT LOCATION: SO feet from the Palomar Airport Road centerline
as shown in Figure 6.
. .
One Hour Period • ·' Hourly Leq Data • Houz:ly Leq Weighting Adjusted
Beginning at: -(dBA,re.0.0002 dyn~/cm2 } . for _ Hourly
CNEL Evalua:tion (dB) . Leq (dBA)
--
0700 71.2 0 71.2
0800 69.3 0 69.3
0900 68.3 o· --68.3
.1000 68.2 0 68.2
1100 .. . 68 .4 -0 ·. 68.4
1200 ' 68.S 0 68.5 .. -
1300 68.6 0 68.6
1400 68.8 0 68.8
1500 . 7 0 (Measured) o· 70
1600 -71.,5 0 71.5
1700 71.2 0 71.2
1800 69.5 -69". 5 0
1900 68.1 5 73.l
2000 67 ,s -· : 72
2100 66.3 5 --71. 3
65.3 -. -75.3 2200 10
2300 64.7 10 74.7
-0000 .. -63.l • 10 .. 73.l
0100 .. 60.7 10 70. 7
59.5 .. 69.5 0200 10 ..
0300 57.7 10 67.7
0400 58. 7 . lb 68.7
0500 62.5. 10 72.5
0600 68.9 .. • 78. 9 -10
.-
[
(E Antilog of A~juste4. Hourly Leq>J· .,
10 log1 o -= :Zl.-5! dB CNEL·
24 ,
· 80/234 18
ment findings and the reference 12 equation which specifies a 4.5
dB reduction in noise level for-each doubling of distance from
the no1.se source. Calculations -indicate that at 10 0 f e.et from the
Palomar Airport Road centerline, a current noise e~posure-level of
67.4 dB CNEL is expected.
Current Carlsbad Raceway Dragster Noise Imoact
Carlsbad Raceway is located just north of the proposed development
property near the east-west· project center~ It is understood from
discussions with Mr. Larry Grismer, the r.aceway operator, that two
activities associated with the raceway ~ay influence the Rancho
-Carrillo noise environment1 :. ~-Grismer indicated that each
Saturday evening, weather permitting, drag races occur. He also
indicated that during ~he daylight hours on Sunday, motocross ·races
afe held. --
It is understood that the Saturday evening drag races generally·
occur between the hours of 7 pm and 11 pm. During this time
street-legal and specially designed cars race in pairs. Mr. Grisner
indicated there may be up to 20 races per hour. Accordingly, during
the four hours of Saturday night operation, there may be up to
80 races.
Instrumentation was set up· at sites·l and 2, previously shown in
Figure 2, to measure the curr_ent drag race noise levels. Drag •• •
noise level measurements were made between 8 pm and 9:30 pm on-
Saturday, 19 January 1980. The Site 1 measura~ent point was
roughly 2300 feet from the drag strip. • T.he Site 2 measurement
point_ was approximately 4200 feet from the race track. Subjective
listening during each 10 to 15 second race indicated, that the
dragsters produced a very limited noise impact. Field measurements
indicated maximum noise levels of 40 dBA to 50 dBA during each
typical.race. Dragster noise at Site 1 was very quiet but. perceptable.
Dragster noise at Site 2 was very difficult to perceive. It is
expected that the difficulty in perceiving the dragster noise at
-Site 2 is the result of its long separation from the race track·and
because of the high ambient noise levels at Site 2. Measurements
of the Site 2 ambient noise levels between races were 45 dBA·to 57
dBA. This ambient level was heavily-influenced by the nighttime
sounds· from small insects and frogs. During the same·time period
the Site 1 ambient noise level was 1.0 dBA to 20 dBA quieter at 34
dBA to 38 dBA. Due tq the high ambient noise levei at Site 2, the
drag race noise level measurements-are greatly contaminated. The
drag-race noise level measurements at Site l have very little
contamination and are exoected to resoresent a much more accurate
·determination of dragstet noise impact. Since site 2 is farther
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80/234 19
away than Site l, it is expected that if the ambient level at
Site 2 had been sufficiently low to permit accurate drag race
noise level measurements, the results would have shown an impact
quieter than at Site l. Accordingly, for the ·purposes of this
study, only the Site l drag race noise level measurements will
be analyzed. As a "worst case11 analysis, the Site 1 impact
findings will be assumed to represent the current exposure level
at Site 2 and at all other locations across the property.
The Site l drag race noise level measurements were made using a
Bruel and Kjaer Model 2204S precision Sound Level Meter and a
Bruel and Kjaer Model 2305 graphic Level Recorder. Figure 8 on
the next page shows a typical t:ime/leve_l strip chart recording
of a drag race measurement_.-
Following completion~of the field data colleG:tion, the time/level
noise record for .each
value· for the event.
record was calculated
Aircraft Noise Impact
indicate an SEL range
measured· at Site 1.
drag race was analyzed to determine an SEL
The SEL value for each time/level noise
using the equation presented in the Current
section. The results of the SEL analysis
of 47.8 dB to 58.7 dB for the drag races
The "worst-case"_energy average hourly noise level during the
hours of Saturday night dragster operation may be computed using
the 11worst-case" SEL value and the following equation from
reference li:
BL= Energy average hourly noise level
= 10 log [ ~ antilog .(S~L/10) l i=l
• • 36
Where: SEL = the "worst-case" SEL (58.7 dB)
n = the number of drag races per hour (20)
Using the above equation the "worst-case" energy average noise
leyel from drag race operation was found to equal 36 dBA. That
is, a .steady noise level of 36 dBA during each hour of dragster
operations would yield the same average noise level that is
produced by the intermittent 10 to 15 second dragster noise levels
produced 20 times per hour.
S!CACCUSilCAL
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80/234
__ .;._-_-_--_-_....,... __ --,,-_..,,..._ ....... : _--_--=--::::-:.:.-:.-:.--:..-:.-:..-:..-:..-:.-:.:.-:.:.-:.-:.-:.-:..-=-_·--~_-'""·-=,-,! --=
FIGURE 8: Typical Dragster Noise Level Recording
Shown above is a typical time/level strip chart of
a dragster .race at Carlsbad Raceway as measured at
Site l (See Figure 2).
20
The ordinate represents sound level in increments of one decibel per line. The
absicissa represents time in divisions of one second for each three millimeters
An SEL value of 58.4 dB was computed for this noise event.
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The "worst-case" hourly average noise level from dragster
operations is 36 dBA during the hours from 7 pm to 11 pm.
During this same time the ambient noise level range, as previ-
ously mentioned, is 34 dBA to 3_8 dBA (36 dBA average).
To compute the Rancho Carrillo CNEL. exposure from dragster.
operations, we must know the average noise level for each hour
on Saturday. The above calculations indicate that the drag noise
level average is 36 dBA for the hours 7 pm to 11 pm. The ambient
noise level during these hours is also 36 dBA. As a first-cut
assumption, it is assumed that the ambient noise level for all
other Saturday hours (excluding aircraft and motor-vehicle noise
sources) remains at 36 dBA. Accordingly, the average noise
level for each of the 24 Saturday hours is 36 dBA. Using this
36 dBA hourly noise level value and the following reference 7
equation, the CNEL exposure from Saturday dragster operations
can be· calculated:
CNEL= 10 log[(12 antilog(HL/10)+(3) (J°.16)Antilog(HL/10)
+ (-9) (10) Anti log (BL/10) ] ¼ .24 ]
Where: BL= the energy average hourly noise level (36 dBA)
Using the above equation the current "worst-case" Rancho Carrillo
CNEL exposure from Saturday.dragster operations at Carlsbad Race-
way is 41.9 dB CNEL.
Current Carlsbad Raceway Motocross Noise Impact
Mr. Larry Grismer, operator of Carlsbad Raceway, indicated that
motocross activity at the raceway represents the second source
of potential noise impact onto the Rancho Carrillo property. It
is understood that motocross activities involve off-road motor-
cy1es in groups of roughly 15 vehicles per race. Motocross racing
activity occurs on Sunday and may begin as early as 8 am and
continue uninterrupted until 5 pm.
Field measurements of motocross noise·impact were performed
during a late-morning period on Sunday, 20 January 1980. Data
was collected at both Site 1 and Site 2 shown in Figure 2.
Motocross activity was measured at one site using a metrosonics
Model db-602 digital Sound Level Analyzer. Data was collected
at the other site using a GenRad Model 1565-B type 2 Sound Level
Meter and a Sony model TC-772 professional Tape Recorder. The tape
recorded data was later play_ed back through the Sound Level Analyzer
for data reduction.
SiCACOIJSTlCAL Et-iCiNE::;!NCCO!R~
80/234 22
An energy average noise level for the motocross measurements at
each data collection point was read directly from the Sound Level
Analyzer instrumentation. The results indicate-an energy average
noise level of approximately 42 dBA for both measurement points.
It is noted that based upon sound level meter observation and upon
subjective listening, the 42 dBA average noise level is largely due
to the ambient noise sources. The motocross sound levels were
barely perceptable at the two measurement points. It appears
that the motocross noise made very little, if any, contribution to
the 42 dBA average noise level. Accordingly, it is expected that
if the ambient noise level had been much quieter to permit an
uncontaminated measurement·of motocross sound levels, the motocross
average sound level findings would have been substantially below
42 dBA.
As a "worst-case" analysis, it is assumed that the motocross
activity creates an average noise level of 42 dBA across the
development during the 8 am to 5 pm Sunday operating hours. It
is recognized however that this average sound level primarily
represents the daytime ambient noise level. ··Accordingly, as a
further "worst-case" assumption, it is assumed that the 42 dBA
average noise level is sustained, throughout each Sunday before and
after the motocross activity. These assumptions indicate that the
"worst-case" energy average noise level for each of the 24 Sunday
hours is 42 dBA. Using this 42 dBA hourly noise level value and
L
the reference 7 equation presented in ·the dragster analysis section,
the CNEL exposure from Sunday motocross activity has been calculated.
The results indicate that a current "worst-case" Rancho Carrillo
_ CNEL exposure from Sunday motocross activity at Carlsbad Raceway is
48.7 dB CNEL.
FUTURE EXTERIOR NOISE ENVIRONMENT
•A review of the Rancho Carrillo proposed development plan and the
surrol;lnding area indicates that in future years the property will
continue to be exposed to multiple noise sources. It is understood
that Palomar Airport.will continue to operate with potentially
increased numbers·of operations. This operation increase is expected
to increase the aircraft noise exposure on the property. It is
understood that the width of Palomar Airport Road, and the number
of motor-vehicles which use this roadway, will increase in future
years. In addition, in future years a substantial number of motor-
vehicles will travel on the Rancho Carrillo interior road system
that presently does not exist. This change in the number of motor-
vehicles which travel near and through the development will also
increase the project nois·e exposure. It is expected that in future
years the Rancho Carr~J:lo development will have a_Carlsbad Raceway
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
0
C
0
0
I
(
·O
I
,0
I
-0
0
0
0
0
0
0
-----------------
80/234 23
noise exposure comparable to the current noise-impacto
' The overall project noise impact is expected to be greater in
future years than the current noise impact. The development future
noise exposure expected from each primary noise source is discussed
in the following sections.
Future Aircraft Noise Im~act
Analysis of the future noise environment expected on the development
property from nearby aircraf.t operations was performed using the
same general analytical methods presented in the current aircraft
noise impact section. The future aircraft CNEL impact is calculated
from a knowledge of the SEL values for each aircraft and the aircraft
operational scenario.
For the purposes of this study it was assumed that the current SEL
values measured and presented in Table I for each aircraft type are
representative of the expected "worst-case" future SEL values.
Inherent in this assumption is the expectation that future single
engine propeller, twin engine propeller and business jet aircraft
will be as loud as, or quieter than, their current counterparts.
Accordingly, the SEL values presented in Table I were used to
compute expected future aircraft CNEL impact.
It is understood that some of the future aircraft operational
scenario will be different from the current scenario. -The Palomar
Airport Comprehensive Land Use Plan indicates that the 1990 annual
o-peration count may increase to 435,000.2 However, Mr. Lacy Clark
indicates that this count is much greater than will probably be
realized. However, 435,000 annual operations will be used as a .
"worst-case" estimate. It is assumed that the percentage of aircraft
which now operate on weekends and weekdays will remain unchanged
in future years. This assumption indicates an average future weekend
aircraft count o_~ 1631 and an average weekday count of 1021 per day.
The Palomar Airport Comprehensive Land Use Plan indicates that the
current f_leet mix will change in future years. The 1990 fleet mix
is projected to be 75% single engine propeller aircraft, 22% twin
engine propeller aircraft, and 3% business jet aircraft.
It is assumed i:hat the day/evening/nighttime operation split will
remain roughly unchanged between current and future years. Accord-
ingly the future day/evening/ nighttime operation ~plit is expected
to be 94.5% (7am to 7 pm), 5% (7 pm to 10 pm) and 0.5% (10 pm to
7 am).
It is also assumed that the future flight path usage split will be
the same as the split for current times. In future years the weekday
BiOACOUSiiCAL
ENGiNEi:~INCiCD~P.
80/234
24
flight path operation split is expected to be: 40% S~raight-in,
50% Loop and 10% Fly-by. The future weekend flight path operation
sp.lit is.expec.ted to be: 25% Staight-in, 65% Loop and 10%
Fly-by.
Following detailed calculations using the SEL values from Table I,
the operational scenario just mentioned, and the equations pre-
viously presented, a determination has been made of the expected
future weekday and future weekend aircraft CNEL exposure at
Site land Site 2 on the property. The results of projected
future noise impact are shown in Table DI. This table indicates
that on future weekdays the planned development will be exposed
to an approximate impact range of 48.7 dB CNEL to 52.8.dB CNEL.
Table III shows that on weekends the future aircraft noise exposure
range will increase an expected 5 dB to between 54.l dB-CNEL and
58 dB CNEL.
Future Motor-Vehicle Noise Impact
Future motor-vehicle noise impact on the Rancho Carrillo property
is expected to change from current exposure levels more than for
any other noise source category. Future daily traffic counts
on Palomar Airport Road along the project are expected to be
two to three times the current number. Future numbers of motor-
vehicles on project interior roadways are expected to be as
high as 26,000 where-roads and daily car travel currently do
not exist. A determination of the future motor-vehicle noise
impact. on the Rancho Carrillo development is presented below.
The traffic engineering studylindicates that one of two ultimate
daily traffic volumes are possible for roadways within and
adjacent to Rancho Carrillo. The traffic study presents one
group of roadway volumes which reflect the .ultimate usage from
the project as-planned1 other planned and existing projects and
regiona1 growth .. The traffic study a1so indicates the ult~mate
roadway volumes for the project with a density housing bonus and
school conversion plan, other planned and existing projects and
regional growth. For purposes of discussion in this report, the
two ultimate traffic volumes are referred to as "Ultimate Traffic
Without Density Bonus" and "Ultimate Traffic With Density Bonus".
The expected future ultimate roadway noise impact was projected
for the "no density bonus" and the "density bonus" conditions
using the :Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) noise prediction
model 16 and0 several key roadway parameters. The key roadway·
parameters which determine the impact of.vehicular traffic noise
include: The total vehicle count per day; the percent heavy
truck volume; the percent of. total average daily traffic (ADT)
which flows each hour throughout a 24-hour period; vehicle travel
speed; and the number o.f travel lanes.
)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
80/234
TABLE IV
FUTURE AIRCRAFT WEEKDAY AND WEEKEND CNEL EXPOSURES AT EACH
MEASUREMENT SITE
FUTURE AIRCRAFT WEEKDAY EXPOSURE
Site Number Single Engine Twin E-ngine Business Jet
(See Figure 2) Propeller Propeller Noise Impact
Noise Impact Noise Impact .
1 46.9 dB CNEL 51 . .1 dB CNEL so.a dB CNEL
.
2 .. 44.5 dB CNEL 45.8 dB CNEL 46. 9 dB CNEL
FUTURE AIRCRAFT WEEKEND EXPOSURE
Site Number Single Engine Twin Engine Business Jet
(See Figure 2 Propeller Propeller Noise Impact
Noise Impact Noise Impact
l 47.8 dB CNEL 51 .. 9 d~ CNEL 52.8 dB CNEL -
'
2 -45: S dB CNEL 46.9 dB CNEL 48.9 dB CNEL
25
.
Total
Aircraft
Noise
Impact
54.7 dB CNE_
-
50.6 dB CNE:
Total
Aircraft
Noise
Impact
56 dB CNEL
-
52.1 dB CNE:
80/234 26
The expected future roadway parameter information, for all
but the 24-hour hourly percent traffic flow breakdown, was
determined from the traffic engineering report15 and from
discussions with the project traffic engineer, Mr. Weston
Pringle.17 The roadway parameter values specified by Mr. Pringle
and used to project future roadway noise impact are presented in
Table Von the next page. Table V makes reference to roadway
sections by a letter and number designation. (e.g., The 1 first
section along Palomar Airport Road is labled Pl.) Figure 9
on the page following Table Vindicates each roadway segment
and its label-• The 24-hour hourly percent traffic flow breakdown
was taken from a recent Orange County s'tudy of 31 major inter-
sections .18
Using the FHWA traffic noise prediction model and the roadway
parameters outlined above, calculations of the expected future
noise impact,with and without a density bonus, were made for
each roadway. The results of these calculations are presented
in Table VI on the next page. Table VI indicates the future,
ultimate, traffic noise-impact (with and without a density bonus)
at 100 feet from each roadway centerline.
A review of Table VI indicates that there is very little difference
between the road noise impacts with and without the increased
traffic from a housing density bonus and school conversion. The
noise impact differences rapge from 0 dBA for the interior streets
to 0.4 dBA for road segment M3 along Melrose Avenue. This minimal
0.4 dBA increase in noise impact from the density bonus traffic
moves the noise contour lines roughly 10 percent farther from •
each roadway centerline. (e.g., Along the Melrose roadway segment
M3 the noise impact·at 100 feet from the centerline, with no
density bonus, is 66.5 dB CNEL. With the -addition of density bonus
traffic, the 66.5 dB CNEL contour will move roughly 10 feet farther
away to ll0 feet from the roadway centerline).
Table VI also shows that the greatest future road noise impact
will occur along Palomar Airport Road east of Melrose Avenue
.(road segment P4). The minimum future road noise impact is'
expected along the side streets. (road segments C-S and E-E) and
along the project interior streets.
Future Carlsbad ·Raceway Dragster Noise Impact
It is understood that the Carlsbad Raceway intends to operate
for the indefinite future. Accordingly, it is expected that
Saturday night dragster noise levels will continue to influence
the Rancho Carrillo noise environment. However, there is no
information to indicate the expected future level of dragster
operations. It is assumed for the purposes of this study that
the current dragster operation and noise emission from Carlsbad
Raceway will have essentially no changes in future years. There-
fore, the current "worst-case" dragster noise impact of 41.9 dB
CNEL is expected to remain the same in future years throughout
the Rancho Carrillo developmen~ICACDlJSi]DL
-E?,J~iNE::ii?&GtORR
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
rr
11,W, t:
I~ t
1111
~
; I
~ I m z r., ;a;. .... 11:...
2 m Ht =ti -2 -Cl n t1 :n :n
•
~-11111 ~
0 0
80/234
Roadway Roadway
Section
(See Fig. 9}
Palomar Pl
Airport P2
Road Pl
P4
P-S
Melrose Ml
Avenue M2
M3
M4
MS
M6
M7
M-W
M-E
Carrillo Cl
Way C2
Cl
C4
cs
C6
C-NE
C-SE
C-NW
c-sw
c-s
0 0 0 0
TABLE V
FUTURE ROADWAY PARAMETER VALUES USED FOR ANALYTICAL
PROJECTION OF FUTURE ROADWAY NOISE IMPACT.
Ultimate ADT Percent Travel Speed
Without With Heavy
Density Density Trucks
Bonus Bonus
..
39200 41300 51 40 MPH
37200 39100 51 40 MPH· I 32900 33500 51 40 MPH
42400 44200 51 40 MPH
8100 10300 1/21 30 MPH
23300 25100 3% '-40 MPH
20500 21000 3\ 40 MPH
24100 26600 31 40 MPH.
20100 21600 31 40 MPH
12900 13600 31 40 MPH
11200 11500 31 40 MPH
10800 11200. 31 40 MPH
2600 3200 01 25· MPH
2200 2700 o, 25 MPH
15300 16300 1/21 35 MPH
11600 13300 1/2\ 35 MPH
11400 12200 1/21 35 MPH
10200 11300 1/21 35 MPH
10500 11600 1/21 35 MPH
1400 1400 1/2\ 35 MPH
2100 2400 o, 25 MPH
1500 1900 o, 25 MPH
3800 5000 o, 25 MPH
4700 6400 o, 25 MPH
1000 1000 o, 25 MPH
0 0
Number of
Traffic Lanes
6
6
6
6
4
4
4
4
4
4
4 ..
4 . 2
2
4
4
4
4
4
4
2
2
2
2
2
0
N -..J
0 0
80/234 •
Roadway
OJ N
El Fuerte
Street
Alga
Road
Other
Interior
Streets
Roadway
Section
(See Fig.
El
E2
E3
E4
E-E
Al
A2
All
Sections
9)
0 0 Q
TI\BLE V
FUTURE ROADWAY PARAMETER VALUES USED FOR ANALYTICAL
PROJECTION OF FUTURE ROADWAY ~OISE IMPACT
Ultimate ADT Percent Travel Speed
Without • With Heavy
Den~ity Density Trucks
Bonus Bonus .
12700 13600 1/2% 35 MPH
12800 • 13700 1/2% 35 MPH
4500 4800 -1/2% 35 MPH
3600 3600 1/2% 35 MPH
400 400 1/2% 25 -MPH
2800 2800 1/2% 35 MPH
1800 1800 1/2% 35 MPH
Under Under 0% 25 MPH
• 1500 1500
0 0 0
Number of
Traffic Lanes
4
4
4
4
2
4
4
·-
2
? I ' I
) ;
0
6
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10
I
'
. 80/234 . 29
l.
, I I •
I ------·
-•
FIGURE 9: • Roadw~y Segments Lab.els EUOACOUS7JCAL ;~l~r:r;~ ~ :bel letter and number lab~~i~§i5RINGCDJ:i!=; e V. roadway se gment
80/234
Roadway
Palomar
Airport
Road
Melrose
Avenue
·-'
.
.
Carrillo.
Way
El Fuerte
Street
30
TABLE VI*
FUTURE. (ULTIMATE) ROADWAY NOI~E. IMPACT
Roadway
Section
(See Fig. 9)
Pl
P2
P3
P4
P-S
Ml
M2
M3
M4
MS
M6
M7 '
M-W
M-E
Cl
C2
C3
C4 cs
CG
C-NE
C-SE
C-NW ·c-sw c-s
El --
E2
-:e:3
E4
E-E
·Future(Ultimate)Noise Impact At 100 Feet From
Centerline
Without Density Bonus.= With Dens i_ty Bonus
70.2 dB CNEL 70.4" dB CNEL
70 dB CNEL 70.i dB CNEL : 69. 4 dB CNEL 69.5 dB CNEL
70.5 dB CNEL 70.7 dB CNEL
55.8 dB CNEL 56.8 dB CNEL
-.
66.3 dB CNEL 66.6 dB CNEL
65.8 dB CNEL 65.9 dB CNEL
66.5 dB CNEL 66 .9 dB CNEL
65.7 dB CNEL 66 dB CNEL
63.7 dB CNEL 64 dB CNEL
63.l dB CNEL 63.2 dB·CNEL
63 dB CNEL • 63.1 dB CNEL
47.3 dB CNEL 48.2 dB CNEL
46. 6 dB CNEL 47.5 dB CNEL
... 60.2 dB CNEL 60.5 dB CNEL
59 dB CNEL 59.6 dB CNEL
58.9 dB CNEL 59.2 dB CNEL
58.4 dB CNEL ·sa. 9 dB CNEL
58.5 dB CNEL 59 dB CNEL
49 ., 8 dB CNEL 49. 8 dB CNEL
_46. 4 dB CNEL 47 dB CNEL
44.9 dB CNEL . 46 dB CNEL
49 dB CNEL 50.l dB CNEL
50 dB. CNEL 51.2 dB CNEL
43.1 dB CNEL 43.1 dB CNEL
59.4 dB CNEL· 59.7 dB CNEL
59. 4 dB CNEL 59.7 dB CNEL
54.9 dB CNEL 55.2 dB CNEL
53.9 dB CNEL 53.9 dB CNEL
39 0 2 dB CNEL 39.2 dB CNEL
* The future ·motor-vehicle noise impacts presented· in _ this table represent ,;worst-case"
projections. In perfo:rming the future noise impact calculations, no assumptions were
made for future motor~vehicle quieting.· Although vehicles in the future will likely
be somewhat quieter than current models, the analysis was completed assuming no change
in vehicle noise emission. •
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
:O
I
)0
I
lo
I I
I
0
I
0
10
I
0
0
0
0
31
80/234
TABLE VI*
·FUTURE (ULTIMATE) ROADWAY NOISE IMPACT
Roadway Roadway •. Future(Ultimate)Noise Impact· At 100 Feet From
Section Centerline
(See Fig.9) Without Density Bonus With Density Bonus ·,
Alga Al 52.8 dB CNEL 52.8 dB CNEL
Road A2 50.9 dB CNEL 50.9 dB CNEL
Other All 44.9 dB CNEL 44.9 dB CNEL
Interior Sections
Streets
* The future motor-vehicles noise impacts presented in this table represent "worst-case"
projections. In performing the future noise impact calculations, no assumptions were
made for future motor-vehicle quieting.· Although vehicles in the future will likely
be somewhat ·quieter than current models, the analysis was completed assuming no change
in vehicle noise emission.
BIOACCUSTlCAL . ENtiiNEi:~!NGCO~R
32
80/234
Future Carlsbad Racewav Motocross Noise Imoact
As with the dragster operations, it is expected that the Carlsbad
Raceway Sunday Motocross activity will rern·ain unchanged in future
0
years. It is assumed that the current "worst-case" 48. 7 dB CNEL 0
motocross noise impact will remain the same in future years
throughout the Rancho Carrillo development.
COMPARISON OF CURRENT AND FUTURE NOISE IMPACTS
The preceeding analyses indicate that the proposed Rancho Carrillo
development has a current and future noise exposure from four
dif_ferent sound sources. The noise environment on the develop-
ment property is influenced by: Aircraft operations, motor-vehicle
travel; dragster operations; and motocross activity.
In future years the development CNEL exposure from aircraft sound
sources is expected to increase up to3.2dBA throughout the
property. Future motor-vehicle CNEL noise impact is projected to
increase as little as 2 dBA along existing roadways and as much
as 22 dBA along future roadways that do not currently exist.
Project CNEL noise exposure from Carlsbad Raceway dragster and
motocross activities is expected to remain unchanged in future
years. Table VII on the next page shows a comparison of the
current and expected future Rancho Carrillo noise exposures.
FUTURE UNMITIGATED OVERALL DEVELOPMENT NOISE EXPOSURE
The unmitigated overall future Rancho Carrillo noise exposure is
expected to be somewhat greater than the current noise impact.
As previously mentioned, the future noise impact will be the
result of four different sound sources: Aircraft operation,
motor-vehicle traffic, dragster races, and motocross activity.
Among these four noise source categories, motor-vehicle traffic
is expected to be the greatest contributor to the overall noise
impact. Noise impact from the future aircraft operations is ex-
pected to be very moderate. The future worst-case aircraf~
weekend noise impact of 58 dB CNEL will add less than-2 dBA to road·
noise impacts of 60 dB CNEL and above. The expected future noise
impact from dragster and motocross activities is projected to be
quite minimal. It is expected that the overall development noise
exposure will be increased by less than 0.5 dBA from Carlsbad
Raceway activities.
The future unmitigated overall noise impact expected within the
development -has been divided into four impact ~ategories. These
categories include:
Zone 4: Future unmitigated overall exposures from 55 dB
CNEL to 60 dB CNEL.
elCACCU5i1CAL
ENCU\IE:ttlNCCC~R
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 0
NOISE SOURCE
Palomar·Airport
Aircraft Operations
Palomar Airport
Road Segment: Pl I (See Figure 9)
P2
' ; P3 •
P4
.. I PS
t-1elrose Avenue
Road Segment: Ml
(See Figure 9)
1' M2 -M3
M4
M5
M6
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE VII
COMPARISON OF CURRENT AND EXPECTED FUTURE (ULTIMATE)
Rl\NCIIO CARRILLO DEVELOPMENT NOISE EXPOSURE
CURRENT "1-JORST-CASE" '• EXPECTED FUTURE (ULTIMATE)
NOISE IMPACT "WORST-CASE" NOISE IMPACT
51.5 dB CNEL (weekdays) 54.7 dB CNEL (we~kdays) •
52.8 dB CNEL ·cweekend) 56 dB CNEL (weekend)
67.4 dB CNEL (100' from Centerline) 70.4 dB CNEL (1001 from Centerline)
67.4 dB CNEL (1001 from Centerline) 70.2 dB CNEL (100 1 from Centerline)
67.4 dB.CNEL (1001 from Centerline) 69.5 dB CNEL (100 1 from Centerline)
67.4 dB CNEL (100' from Centerline) 70.7 dB CNEL (100' from Centerline)
Ambient level (-45dB CNEL) 56,8 dB CNEL (100 1 from Centerline)
Ambient level (~ 45 dB CNEL) 66.6 dB CNEL (100' from Centerline)
Ambient level (~ 45 dB CNEL) 65 •. 9 dB CNEL (100' from Centerline)
Ambient level (~ 45 dB CNEL) 66.9 dB CNEL (100' from Centerline)
Ambient level ,,., 45 dB CNEL) 66 dB CNEL (1001 from centerline)
Ambient level ( ,v 45 dB CNEL) 64 dB CNEL (1001 from Centerline)
•
Ambient level (~ 45 dB CNEL) 63.2 dB CNEL (loo·• from Centerline)
w
l.J
80/'>34
NOISE SOURCE
Melrose Avenue
(Continued·)
Road Segment:
(See Figure 9)
t,
D::arrillo Way
''~oad Segment:
f,,(See Figure 9)
. m
2 Cl
0
--z
m Lil.Ill 2 Cl M l~ A'1 :u
I
~
j
.:A
;
~
~
M7
M-W
M-E -
Cl
C2
CJ
C4
cs
C6
C-NE
C-SE
C-NW
c-sw
0
TABLE VII(Continued)
COMPARISON OF CURRENT AND EXPECTED FUTURE (ULTIMATE)
RANCHO CARRILLO DEVELOPMENT NOISE EXPOSURE
CURRENT "WORST-CASE" EXPECTED FUTURE (ULTIMATE)
NOISE IMPACT "WORST-CASE" NOISE IMPACT
Ambient level (~ 45 dB CNEL) 63 •. l dB CNEL (190' from Centerline)
Ambient level ( ~ 45 dB CNEL) .48.2 dB CNEL (100 1 from Centerline)
All!bient level (,., 45 dB CNEL). 47.5 dB CNEL (100' from Centerline)
Ambient level (~ 45 dB CNEL) 60.5 dB CNEL (100' .from Centerline)
Ambient level (~ 45 dB CNEL) 59.6 dB CNEL (100' from Centerline)
Ambient level (~45 dB CNEL) 59.2 dB CNEL (100 1 from Centerline)
Ambient level ,,.,45 dB CNEL) 58.9 dB CNEL (100' from Centerline)
Ambient level (~45 dB CNEL) 59 dB CNEL (100 1 from Centerline)
Ambient level (-45 dB CNEL) 49.8 dB CNEL (100'· from Centerline)
Ambient level (-45 dB CNEL) 47 dB CNEL (100' from Centerline)
Ambient level (,., 45 dB CNEL) 46,dB CNEL uoo• from Centerline)
Ambient level (~45 dB CNEL) 50.1. dB CNEL (100' from Centerline)
Ambient level , ....... 45 dB C_NEL) 51.2 dB CNEL (100 1 from Centerline)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
I,.
.t,
_()
0 0
NOISE SOURCE
Carrillo Way
(Continued)
Road Segment c-s
(See Figure 9)
El Fuerte Street
Road Segment: El
(See Figure 9)
E2
I ii E3 8 ,..,.
rl
t» E4
·m ti ... 2
m ...
~ E-E
f~
11 la !Alga Road II~
I Road Segment: -Al
~(See Figure 9) -A2
Other Interior
Streets
Carlsbad Raceway
z Cl n t1 Al :0
Dragster Operations
Carlsbad Raceway
Motocross Activity
I
,
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
TABLE VII(Continued)
COMPARISON OF CURRENT AND EXPECTED FUTURE (ULTIMATE)
RANCHO CARRILLO DEVELOPMENT NOISE EXPOSURE
CURRENT "WORST-CASE" EXPECTED FUTURE (ULTIMATE)
NOISE IMPACT "WORST-CASE" NOISE IMPACT
t
Ambient level ( ~ 45 dB CNEL) 43.\ dB CNEL (100 1 from Centerline)
Ambient level (~ 45 dB CNEL) 59.7 dB CNEL (1001 from Centerline)
Ambient level l~ 45 dB CNEL) 59.7 dB CNEL (1001 from Centerline)
Ambient level (~ 45 dB CNEL) 55.2 dB CNEL (1001 from Centerline)
Ambient level ( ..... 45 dB .CNEL) 53.9 dB CNEL -(1001 from Centerline) .
Ambient level (""" 45 dB CNEL) ""45 dB CNEL
'
Ambient level (,., 45 dB CNEL) 52.8 dB CNEL (100' from .Centerline)
Ambient level (,.. 45 dB CNEL) 50.9 dB CNEL (100' from Centerline)
Ambient level (,., 45 dB CNEL) 44.9 dB CNEL (100 1 from Centerline)·
41.9 dB CNEL(Saturday only) 41.9 dB CNEL (Saturday only)
48.7 dB CNEL(Sunday only) 48.7 dB CNEL (Sunday only)
0
w
Ul
J
36
80/234
Zone 3·: Future unmitigated overall exposures from 60 dB
CNEL to 65 dB CNEL.
Zone 2: Future unmitigated overall exposures from 65 dB
CNEL to 70 dB CNEL.
Zone 1: Future unmitigated overall exposures over 70 dB
CNEL.
The location of each future unmitigated noise exposure zone
within the Rancho Carrillo development is shown by shaded noise
contours in Figures 10 through 35 on the next pages. Figure 10
shows the entire project site plan divided into 25 sections.
Each· section is numbered and enlarged in the subsequent figures
to show the unmitigated noise contours in detail.
It is understood that in an alternative development plan Palomar
Airport Road may be re-aligned to the north. Land use plans
for the property north of the current roadway alignment call for
industrial usage. The property south of the road is planned for
·residential development. If Palomar Airport Road was re-positioned
to the north and the industrial and.residential areas remained •
unchanged, several changes in the residential noise exposure would
be expected. First, with a substantial (200 to 300 foot) northerly
re-alignment of Palomar Airport Road, the residential area road
noise impact would be greatly reduced. Second, with the removal
of Palomar Airport Road as a buffer between the two land uses,
the residential area would be adjacent to the potentially high
industrial noise emissions. The net change in residential
noise exposure is unknown. If the industrial uses represent
heavy industry with facilities that tend to leave manufacturing
bay doors open, the residential noise impact may be as high as, or
greater than, the projected road noise impact. Alternatively,
if the industrial land uses represent medium to light industry
with moderate noise emissions, the projected residential noise
exposure may decrease 5 dBA to 10 dBA. An accurate determination
of the actual residential· noise impact resulting from a northerly
re-a1ignment of Palomar Airport Road is dependent upon further
information regarding the actual distance of roadway movemen~ and
the types of industrial uses.
GENERAL NOISE IMPACT MITIGATION MEASURES
State and local standards for exterior noise impact limit the,per-
mitted outside-to-inside noise intrusion to 45 dB CNEL for all
residential construction. In addition, local criteria limit noise
impact in all primary outdoor living space to 65 dB CNEL. Based
upon the noise impact category for each area of the Rancho
Carrillo.development, varying noise control measures will be
needed _to comply with state and local standards. A summary of the
general mitigation measures required for each noise impact
category is shown below.
0
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•
•
ULTIMATE NOISE EXPOSURE
UNMITIGATED WORST CASE CONDIT IONS.
ULTIMATE PALOMAR AIRPORT, ROADWAY AND CARLSBAD
RACEWAY NOISE SOURCES. !WITH TRAFFIC FROM
DENSITY HOUSING BONUS AND SCHOOL CONVERSION.)
2 3 4 5
studied.
37
.·:.:~i:. ,._
~:: • :: :~1';"~ ' .. •
' ~;:.: ~':. ~~-. :,.: ~.
r • • -... _• P ·• ·1•
I 6 -
l:IZ0NE1: OV 70d8 CNS.
P+UONE2: 65 70d8 CNEL
EDZONE3: 60 o 65dB CNB.
OZDNE4: 55 o 60dB CNS.
1 I
16
. 13 14
24 25
GURE 10: Rancho Carrillo Site Plan Secti ons -ach ares own
individually in Figures 11 through 35. (On file with· City of Carls-
bad
B!CACDU5T1CAL ENCiNEEttlNCCO~~
63
80/234
Zone 4: Noise imoact 55 dB CNELto 60 dB CNEL
Zone 3:
Zone 2:
Zone 1:
For compliance with the exterior-to-interior noise
exposure limit of 45 dB CNEL, operable windows and doors
must be closed and a means of mechanical ventilation
must be provided. Such ventilation w-ill provide a
habitable interior environment while operable windows
and doors are closed for sound control. This ventilation
may be supplied by a "summer switch" on the forced air
heating/cooling unit or air conditioner to operate the
fan for air circulation independent of the heating/cooling
function. If a "summer switch" is added to the FAU, the
UBC requires a fresh air intake duct to supply 20 percent
of the air from outside. In addition, this means of
ventilation must provide at least two air changes per
hour.
Noise impact 60 dB CNEL to 65 dB CNEL
To satisfy the state and local exterior-to-interior 45
dB CNEL noise control limit, operable exterior windows
and doors must be closed, mechanical ventilation is
required, and the dwelling facades must be acoustically
engineered. The dwelling shell acoustical engineering
involves a room-by-room analysis of each floor plan.
This analysis shows the exterior doors and windows
needed in each outside wall to provide satisfactory •
noise control performance~
Noise impact 65 dB CNEL to 70 dB CNEL
Areas within this noise impact category require measures
for control of outside-to-inside intrusion to meet the
45 dB CNEL limits, and measures for reduction of outdoor
living space sound levels to meet the 65 dB CNEL criteria.
Outside-to-inside mitigation requires operable windows
and doors closed, mechanical ventilation provided and
acoustically engineered dwelling shells. Control of
noise impact in primary outdoor living areas requires
design of an acoustical barrier for placement between
the roadway and outdoor area. The design of necessary
acoustical barriers involves specification of the barrier
plac·ement and top-of-wall grade. Minimum barrier height
will provide a line-of-sight break between a point five
feet above the outdoor living space grade and a point
zero feet (for cars) or eight feet (for trucks) above
the road grade. Common barrier construction materials
include, masonry block, masonry block and earth berm
combination, and continuous solid wood.
Noise imoact 70 dB CNEL and above
Development areas subject to this noise impact category
require substantial abatement measures to reach the
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80/234
Zone l:
(cont'd)
64
required 45 dB CNEL interior noise environment and
65 dB CNEL exterior noise exposure. Control of noise
in interior living areas requires operable windows .and
doors closed, mechanical ventilation,. and acoustically
engineered dwelling shells. In this impact category,
dwelling construction requirements will incorporate
increased window glazing thickness or double sash
construction. Compliance with the outdoor living space
sound·exposure limits requires an acoustical barrier
design. _ The necessary sound control barrier will be
higher than for all other noise impact categories.
Areas within this.sound exposure group are on the
borderline of feasibility for residential construction.
Detailed recommendations for control of sound exposure in indoor
and outdoor living areas cannot be accurately made in the general
planning stage of a development. Specific mitigation measures are
best made in the final stages of development when grading plans,
building positions and floor plans are complete. Specific noise
control recommendations should be formulated prior to issuance of
building permits and reviewed by the Building Department.
Although specific noise control measures cannot be outlined at
this time, it is useful to show the approximate mitigation that
can be achieved by general noise control approaches. Presented
below is an indication of the outdoor living space acoustical
shielding that can be expected from representative, practical,
noise control barriers·. ·-
Figure 36 on the next page shows the development unmitigated noise
exposure and the general exposure mitigation that can be expected
for three representative barrier sections. Figures 37, 38_ and
39 present the barrier sections 1, 2 .and 3 respectively at a
larger scale. Noise-control barrier sections 1 and 2 are located
along Palomar Airport Road. Section 1 is at a point where the
roadway is roughly 40 feet above the project property to the
south. Section 2 is at a point where the road grade is roughly
the same as the property grade to the south. Noise control barrier
section 3 is located along Melrose Avenue. Section 3 i·s located
where the roadway is approximately 30 feet·above the property
grade to the west.
For each of the representative barrier cuts (1,2, and 3) the
barrier for control of· outdoor noise impact was located at the
approximate near edge of roadway right-of-way. Calculations of the
expected acoustical shielding were made using the reference 19
barrier analysis equations and using the typical motor-vehicle
spectra in reference 20. The. shielding analyses were performed
BHJACOU5i1CAL ENCiNEi~INGt:OFiF.
ULTIMATE NOISE EXPOSURE
. .
UNMITIGATED WORST CASE CONDITIONS.•
ULTIMATE PALOMAR AIRPORT, ROADWAY AND CARLSBAD
RACEWAY NOISE SOURCES. !W 1TH TRAFFIC FROM
·oENSITf HOUSING BONUS AND SCHOOL CONVERSION.]
-... . . --:::----~~ -This area not studied.,
• ·:-.:•·::•:•.: .. ,., ...... •:::,.::·:·❖·:.:.:•.·-:-•:;::".·'··•-:•.···:.:::··•.•::.:,::.:::'.:·:::'.::::::%'.:.:::,:: ··::; ··-~:, ......... -... C""· ~~ •
KE~-\
:~:~:::1~:~~~ ~ '
OZ0NEJ: soto 65dB CNEL ••
OZONE4= 55to60dB CNEL
M
. -~~-===--::::::.:::r::;::.
FIGURE 36: Typical Barrier Noise Control Shielding
Shown above are three cuts which·indicate
the reduction in exterior noise exposure
from typical noise control barriers. Each
cut is enlarged in Figures 39,38 and 39.
65
BIO ACOUSTICAL
ENGINEERING CORP.
(
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0
•
•
66
----.. ~ ------··--------
.:•:::.:;:;. __ -
• • e e A e • e • • • • •• • • ••.•.:-• • e • e • ., . ·.·.···· ..... ·.·.···· ... ·.·.·. • .... _ .... · .... • : •• .-.·. ·.·.·····~·.··· •.•.•·•••••••• • ·.= ,..~~-····•:•:•.······ . . . " . . . ... ·• . . . ...... ·. --..,/ -. . . ... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---· . . . .. ' • • • • • • ••••• • • • ,. • , •• •••• • • • • • • .•--:;t • • • • • • . . . . . . . . ,. . . . .. '• .... .......... = ;a C I : I . . . . . ,. . . ...................... •-
-----------·---------.. ......... • .. -:.,, ..................... It.in' = -~
::::~:} l:IZONE1: OV 70dB CNB,· :~·\*<::.·:)J(~ • _ ',1 : .. :.; .. :..... ·:.;.·:•; .. :: .. ; .... ;.· .. ~:,·: .... : .. :•: .. :•: ... ~~ = ·::-:./::• f,>+tz0NE2: 65 70dB CNEL :•:.::•:./::•::-:.::•:.;:•:-::-::::~:-~ -=
~::::::::::::. :::::~:::}::~:::;:::::f::~::::;::::::::::::::~ • .._ ........... ~NE3· 60 o 65dB CN8. ............................. : ......... --....._ ____ -:}::::::::: . ::::::::::::::}::::::::::::~}:::::{:::{:: -= .. ..-.. ..-.... OZ[)NE4: 55 O 6DdB CNa .............................. ..-.. ..-............. • -
~
FI.GORE 37: Cut 1, Typical Barrier Noise Control Shielding
Shown above is the Cut 1 barrier along Palomar Ai rport
Road. Also shown is the change in exterior noise exp osur
expected from the 4 foot barrier at edge of right-of-
way.
s;cACDUST]CAL
E?-J~iNEitt!NGCO~~
80 2 4 67
-.
§ = = ~ ---------~ -~ § ~
-~
FIGURE 38: Cut 2, Typical Barrier Noise Control Shielding
Shown above is the Cut 2 barrier along Palomar Airport
Road. Also shown is the change in exterior noise
exposure expected from the 8 foot barrier at edge of
right-of-way.
•
•
•
68 80 234
FIGURE 39: Cut 3, Typical Barrier Noise Control Shielding
Shown above is the Cut 3 barrier along Melrose
Avenue. Also shown is the change in exterior noise
exposure expected from the 3 foot barrier at edge of
right:-of-way .
80/234 69
assuming approximate barrier heights of 4 feet for cut 1 (Figure
37), 8 feet for cut 2 (Figure 38) and 3 feet for cut 3 (Figure
39). A receiver height of 5 feet above pad grade, an automobile
noise source height of zero feet above road grade, and a truck
noise source height of eight feet above road grade were also used
in the calculations. In performing the barrier.analyses,
expected noise impact, vehicle-to-barrier distance, and barrier-
to-receiver separation were also considered. Expected attenuations
for automobile and heavy truck traffic were determined separately.
Figures 37, 38, and 39 indicate the general changes in development
exterior noise exposure which would be accomplished by the
representative barriers. Figure 37 (Cut 1) indicates that a 4
foot barrier positioned at this location would eliminate the
Zone 1 (over 70 dB CNEL) and Zore 2 (65 to 70 dB CNEL) exposures.
The Cut 1 barrier would change the unmitigated noise exposure to
a small Zone 3 exposure (60 to 65 dB CNEL) directly behind the
barrier and a Zone 4 exposure (55 to 60 dB CNEL) in all areas beyond
Zone 3.
Figures 38 (Cut 2) shows that an 8 foot barrier positioned at the
indicated location along Palomar Airport Road would also eliminate
the Zone 1 (over 70 dB CNEL) and Zone 2 (65 to 70 dB CNEL) exposures.
The Cut 2 acoustical shielding would change both the unmitigated
Zone land Zone 2 exposures to a Zone 3 exposure (60 to 65 dB CNEL).
Figure 39 (Cut 3} indicates a 3 foot barrier along the edge of the •
Melrose Avenue right-of-way. Calculations indicate that the Cut
3 barrier would be expected to change the unmitigated Zone 2
(65 to 70 dB CNEL) and Zone 3 (60 to 65 dB CNEL) exposures into
a small Zone 3 area and a Zone 4 exposure (55 to 60 dB CNEL) in
all areas beyond the mitigated !Zone 3.
The representative barrier cuts shown in Figures 37, 38 and 39
indicate the general sound control performance that can be
expected from typical, practical, barriers. Each of the typical
barrier cuts indicate that the unacceptable exterior exposures
above 65 dB CNEL can be reduced to below 65 dB CNEL and well
within permitted limits. It is noted that Figures 37, 38, and
39 are not intended to represent specific noise control barrier
designs. Rather, these figures show the-general mitigation that
is feasible. The specific noise control barrier placements,
heights and materials of construction must be determined at a
later time when more detailed development information is available.
CONCLUSION
An acoustical analysis of the proposed Rancho Carrillo residential
development has been performed. In performing this analysis, the
current noise environment was measured at several locations on
the property. The current field measurements indicate that there
are four noise source groups which produce measureable sound
exposure levels within the projec~. The sources of present noise
exposure include: Aircraft fly-over activity, motor-vehicle
210ACDU571CAL
E?JC3~E::i!NCCD~~
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80/234 70
traffic, Carlsbad Raceway dragster operations, and Carlsbad
Raceway motocross activities. The only significant source
of current noise exposure is from motor-vehicle traffic along
Palomar Airport Road. This exposure is concentrated at the
northern portion of the planned development. Aircarft fly-overs
currently produce a low CNEL exposure across the entire develop-
ment. Carlsbad Raceway noise emission produces an insignificant
contribution to the current noise environment.
An analysis of the future (ultimate) project noise exposure
indicates that the same four noise source categories will influence
the Rancho Carrillo noise environment. The future overall·project
noise exposure is expected to be greater than the current impact
due to a large increase in motor·-vehicle noise impact and a
moderate increase in aircraft noise impact. The future Carlsbad
Raceway noise impact is expected to remain essentially the same·
as the current levels. In future years motor-vehicle noise
impact will remain the only significant contributor to the project
CNEL exposure. Future aircraft operations are expected to make
·a very small contribution to the Rancho Carrillo CNEL exposure
levels. Future Carlsbad Raceway noise levels are projected to
produce essentially no change in the project noise environment.
Using the future noise impact information, the overall noise
exposure from all four principle sound sources has been determined
for the development area south of Palomar Airport Road. The noise
exposure range expected within the project has been divided into
four future noise impact zones. •
Compliance with state and local noise limits in all indoor and
outdoor residential living areas requires certain mitigation
measures. Among the four exposure zones·, the control measures
range from nothing to stringent acoustical design requirements.
In general, the majority of the planned Rancho Carrillo develop-
ment will be exposed to an expected minimal to moderate future
noise exposure. Once preliminary site and building plans are
deveioped, acoustical engineering design will be required for
dwellings exposed to 60 dB CNEL or more and outdoor living areas
exposed to 65 dB CNEL or more. It is _expected that compliance
with the interior 45 dB CNEL exposure criteria will be easily
met using standard construction with only minor material upgrades.
Calculations indicate that the attenuation expected from typical,
practical, barriers will reduce the exterior noise exposures to
within the 65 dB CNEL exposure limits.
elCACCUSTlCAL ENCiNEERINCtO~P.
80/234 71
REFERENCE LIST
1. California Administrative Code, Title 25, Chapter 1, Subchapter
Article 4; Section l092i "Noise Insulation Standards".
2. Comprehensive Planning Organization of the San Diego Region,
Comprehensive Land Use Plan Palomar Airport, May 1974, Page 10,
Table 11-1.
3. Pearsons, Karl., et. al., Handbook of Noise Ratings, NTIS
U.S. Department of Commerce Document #N74-23275, pr,epared
by Bolt, Beranek, and Newman under Contract #NASl-11, 839
Task 2, for National Aeronautics and Space Administration,
April 197 4, ·-Pages 104 through 112.
4. Private telephone discussion with Mr. Lacy Clark, Palomar
Airport Assistant Manager, 11 January 1980.
5. Private telephone discussion with Mr. Philip Safford, Assistant
Director of Palomar Airport, 17 January 1980. •
6. Private telephone.discussion with Mr. K. Dean, Controller for
the Palomar Airport FAA tower, 17 January 1980.
7. Pearsons, Karl S., ·op. cit. Pages 198 through 205.
8. Gorden, C.G., et. al., Highway Noise, A Design Guide for
Highway Engineers, Nat~onal Cooperative Highway Research
Program Report 117, by Bolt, Beranek and Newman·, 1971,
Page 11.
9. Pearsons, Karls., op. cit., Pages 100 through 103.
10. Urban Development and Transportation Studies, Los Angeles
International Airport Series, Volume 4, prepared by Olson
Laboratories, Inc., for the Los Angeles Department of
Airports and FAA, July 1975, page 2-51, Figure 2.14.
11. Leyerle, John S. and Bixler, Otto C. Jr. , Short-Term· Sampling
Techniques for Determination of Motor-Vehicle Traffic Noise
Exposure, published in Proceedings, 1978 International
Conference on Noise Control Engineering, May 1978, pages
671 through 674.
12. Fundamentals and Abatement of Highway Traffic Noise, prepared
by Bolt, Beranek ana Newman, Inc., 1:or f'ederal Highway
Administration, June 1973, _PB-222 7 03, Pages 1-10.
13. Private telephone discussion with Mr. Larry Grismer, Carlsbad
Raceway Operator, 10 January 1980.
14. Pearsons, Karl S.
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APPENDIX J
NOISE STUDY
,,;,
VINCENT MESTRE ASSOCIATES, 1981
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March 25, 1981
Ms. Annette Sanchez
LARRY SEEMAN ASSOCIATES
500 Newport Center Drive
Suite 525
Newport Beach, CA 92663·
SUBJECT: Palomar Airport Noise Contours
Dear Annett.e,
VINCENT MESTRE ASSOCIATES
CONSUL TING ENGINEERS
The following report summarizes the noise impacts of Palomar Airport on the
Carrillo Ranch project. Assessment of the airport noise was based upon the
generation of noise contours for Palomar Airport operations. Contours were
developed for· existing conditions (1980} and a future year estimate of
operational levels (1990}.
OPERATIONS
Existing contours were generated based upon 257,762 annual operations while
1990 contours were based upon· an assumed traffic volume of 435,000 annual
operations. While the total number of operations were projected to increa~e
substantially, the aircraft mix for the future years is anticipated to be
composed of quieter aircraft. Helicopter-flights were not included in the
.model. Appendix A ,summarizes, in detail, the operational data used to
generate the noise contours. Since thfs report is specifically for analyzing
the impacts of airport noise on the Carrillo Ranch project, greater detail in
flight track and operational modeling was included for that region of the
airport I s environs. •
Operational assumptions were derived from a month long survey conducted by
the airport of aircraft types, runway utilization, and flight tracks.
Additional infonnation was gathered from a meeting with Mr. Philip Safford,
Palomar Airport Manager, and Mr Richard Severson; Assistant Airport Manager.
METHODOLOGY
The airport noise contours were generated utilizing the Integrated Noise
Model (INM), Version 2.7, developed by the Federal Aviation Administration
(FAA). The INM was designed to provide a noise model with standard aircraft
noise and performance data that •can also be tailored to the characteristics
of the airport being analyzed.
ZOO NEWPORT CENTER DRIVE, SU.ITE 213 • NEWPORT BEACH, CALIFORNIA 92660 • (714) 760-0891
The !NM program requires the input of the physical and operational
characteristics of the airport. Physical characteristics include runway
coordinates, airport altitude and temperature. Operational characteristics
include aircraft mix, time distributfon, flight tracks, approach and
departure profiles, and optional noise curves.
The computer program takes this input data and computes locations of equal
noise values, or, noise contours. In addition to generating noise contours,
the INM noise model will also determine the noise level at any specific
location. In the State of California, airport noise contours are typically
depicted in terms of the Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) index.
Appendix B gives a detailed discription of the CNEL index and of airport
noise assessment criteria. In general, the critera used for assessment of
airport noise on· residential land use is 65 CNEL.
RESULTS
The existing noise contours for Palomar Airport are depicted ·in Figure 1.
The dominate aircraft in determining the size of the contours is the
turbo-jet business aircraft that operate out of Palomar. This would include
aircraft such as the Lear 24's and 25's and the Saberliner 60 1 s. Even though
very few of these aircraft are at the airport (5 operations per day), they
are by far the loudest aircraft. The results show that the. 65 CNEL contour
.does not reach the Carrillo Ranch property. The ·model est·imates that the
no.i se 1 evel in the center of the property would be a CNEL of 51. • At the
northern boundry of,. the . property, closer to the arri va 1 tracks,· the noise
level is estimated to be a. CNEL of-55. The noise environment on the Carrillo
Ranch is • affected by noise from business jets on the• ILS approach and from
smaller.piston aircraft overflyi_ng the site on approach for landing.
The Palomar Airport contours for 1990 are shown in Figure 2. The 65 CNEL
contour for 1990 is estimated to also not reach the Carrillo· Ranch .property.
These contours are based upon 435,000 annual operations. This is cons.idered
an optimistic assumption for airport growth,. 'thus, these contours are an
estimate of worst case ·noise, in terms of operational level. The noise level
in the c.enter of the . property is projected to be a CNEL of 53. At the
northern boundary of the property the.noise level is estimated to be a CNEL
of 57. Thus, the noise environment at the site is anticipated to increase by
2 dBA. The small increase in the noise levels even with the large increase
in operations is due to the anticipated increase in the proportion of the
quieter turbo-fan engined aircraft in the bus-iness jet fleet. This is
considered a valid assumption because nearly all new business jet aircraft
are using qui et high-bypass· ratio turbo-fan engines. •
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The noise environment on the project site is well below the 65 CNEL criteria.
However, this does not mean that there is not a potential for noise
complaints from_ residences once the project is completed._ The greatest
potential impact will be from the occasional piston aircraft that overfly the
site when on approach .to land at the airport. Peak noise on the site from
these operations could be as high as 70 to 80 dBA. While these occasional
aircraft are not loud, they may result in sporadic, unpredictable single
event annoyance.
Yours Truly,
VINCENT MESTRE ASSOCIATES
R-,QL~-
Paul H. Dunholter
Engineer
FIGURES 1 AND 2 ARE OVERSIZED
FIGURES AND ARE INCLUDED IN A
COPY OF THE REPORT ON FILE
WITH THE CITY OF CARLSBAD.
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APPENDIX A
PALOMAR AIRPORT' -OPERATIONAL DATA
I. AVERAGE DAILY AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS
1980 ------
Business Jet (turbo.jet) 5
Business Jet ~turbo fan) a
light Single Riston) 188 Medium Single (piston) 390
Twin Engine (piston) 88 ------TOTAL 679
II. PERCENT OF OPERATIONS IN EACH TIME PERIOD
Day (0700-1900). -94% Evening. (1900-2200) -Si
Night (2200-0700) -11
III. RUNWAY UTILIZATION
1990 -----~
7
28
357
538
262 • ------1190
For all aircraft types, Runway 24 is assumed to be utilized' 99 % of the time.
Runway 06 is estimated to carry 1% of the traffic.
Page 2
IV. FLIGHT TRACK UTILIZATION
Nine flight tracks have been specified for Palomar Airport. The tracks are
depicted in Figure A. These flight tracks and their utilization is assumed
to be the same for 1980 and 1990. Because this report is analyzing the noise
impacts on the Carrillo Ranch project located southeast of the airport, more detail in modeling flight tracks is done in this region.
The percentage utilization of each flight track per each aircraft type is
depicted in Table A for Runway 24 operations. This Runway is utilized 99
percent of the time. All business jet traffic is assumed to depart on Track
11 and arrive on Track 21 ... The light single engine piston aircraft is
modeled primarily for Touch and' Go 1 s and is placed on these tracks. When
modeling Touch and Go operations, Tracks 12 and 13 end where Tracks 22 and 26 begin. For the other operations on these tracks, the tracks are infinite in
length. When Runway 06 is utilized (1% of the time), all aircraft will
arrive on Track 11 and depart on Track 21.
AIRCRAFT
TYPE
TABLE A
FLIGHT TRACK ·ULTIZATION FOR
RUNWAY 24
ARRIVAL TRACKS DEPARTURE TRACKS
11 12 13 21 22 23 24 25 26
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Business Jet (TJ) 100 100
Business Jet (TF) 100 100
Light Single (Pist) 33 67 -33 67'
Medium Single (Pist) 40 20 40 40 10 5 3 2 40
Twin Engine (Pist) . 40 20 40 40 10 5 3 2 40
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
6
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n n
11
0 2000 4000
SCALE (Fl)
VINCENT MESTRE ASSOCIATES
CONSULTING ENGINEERS
n 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
13 26
12 22
23
24---
25
FIGURE A PALOMAR AIRPORT FLIGHT TRACKS.
Page 1
APPENDIX B
NOISE CRITERIA
Noise has been defined as unwanted sound and it is known to have several
effects on people. From these known effects of noise, criteria have been
, established to help protect the public health and safety. This criteria is
based on the following known effects of noise on people:
1. Hearing 1 oss
2. Speech Interference
3. Sleep Interference
4. Physiological responses
5. Annoyance
Each of these potential noise impacts on people are briefly discussed in
the following paragraphs.
Hearing loss is, in general, not a concern in environmental noise
problems. The potential for noise induced hearing loss is more commonly
associated with occupational noise exposures in heavy industry or very noisy
work environments. Noise 1 eve 1 s in neighborhoods, even in very noisy airport
environs, is not sufficiently . loud to cause hearing loss. For example, the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has identified a noise
exposure of 90 dBA 8 hours ·per day 5 days per week for 40 years as accept ab 1 e
for the prevention of hearing loss. For shorter exposure times, higher noise
levels are permissable.
Speech interference is one of the pri_mary concerns in environmental noise
problems. Normal conversational speech is in the range of 60 to 65 dBA and
any noise in this range or louder may interfere with speech. There are
specific methods of describing speech interference as a function of distance
between speaker and listener and voice level.
Sleep interference is a major noise concern in resJdential areas and is
most critical during nighttime hours. Interior noise levels above 45 dBA have
been identified as having the potential to cause sleep disturbance. Note that
sleep disturbance does not necessarily mean causing people to awaken but can
refer to altering the pattern and stages of sleep.
Physiological responses are those measurable effects of noise on people
which are realized as changes in pulse rate, blood pressure, etc. While such
effects· can be induced and observed it is not known the extent to which
physiological -responses cause harm or are sign of harm.
Annoyance is the most difficult of all noise responses to describe.
Annoyance is a very individual characteristic and can very widely from person
to person. What one person considers unbearable can be quite tolerable to
another of equal hearing capability. In selecting noise criteria it is
desirable to design towards the middle of the spectrum of peoples annoyance.
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Page 2
Several rating scales have been developed for the measurement of
cormiunity noise on people. They are designed to account for the above known
effects of noise on people. Based on these effects, the observation has been
made that the potential for a noise to impact people is dependent on the
total acoustical energy content of the noise. For a time varying noise the
energy average noise level represents the energy content of the noise and is
called the Equivalent Noise Level or Leq.
Leq is the sound level corresponding to a steady-state sound level
containing the same total energy as a time-varying signal over a given sample
period. Leq is the 11energy 11 average noise level. Community Noise Equivalent
Level, CNEL, is similar to Leq but applies a weighting factor which places
greater significance on noise events occurring during the evening and night
hours (when sleep disturbance is a concern).
CNEL is a 24-hour, time-weighted annual average noise level.
Time-weighted refers to the fact that noise that occurs during certain
sensitive time periods is penalized for occurring at· these times. In the
CNEL scale those events that take place during the evening time period (7 pm
to 10 pm) are penalized by 5 dB while events that take place during the night
time period (10 pm to 7 am) are penalized by 10 dB. These time period and
penalty were selected to reflect people's sensitivity to noise as a function
of activity. The CNEL scale is specified by the State of California for
airport noise assessment. A CNEL level of 6~ is identified as the maximum
outdoor noise level fo.r residential land uses with outdoor activities. For
high rise residential (apartments or condominiums) with no outdoor use,
higher noise levels are possible with special interior noise mitigation.
It is worthwhile to note that the 65 CNEL standard is a compromise based
on known health effects and tradeoffs with economic costs. Sensitive
individuals may find noise levels less than 65 CNEL annoying. Restricting
residential areas to noise exposures less than 65 CNEL does not ensure the
elimination of all aircraft noise complaints. The problem of noise complaints
occurring in areas subject to noise levels less than 65 CNEL is more common
at airports with very few but noisy events. CNEL is a noise metric which
combines the loudness of the noise event with the number of noise events.
When the noise environment is dominated by a few very noisy events then the
CNEL can be quite low but certain single events can be quite loud. It is
these few but loud events that can cause annoyance and adverse community
response.
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APPENDIX K
CORRESPONDENCE
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San Marcos Unified School District
July 18, 1980
Annette M. Sanchez
Associate Project Manager
Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
500 Newport Center Drive, Suite 525
Newport Beach, California 92660
Dear Ms. Sanchez: . •
-.
270 San Marcos Boulevard
San Marcos, California 92069
Phone: (714) 744-4776
Our district has. reviewed the proposed Rancho Carrillo Planned Cormnunity and
have evaluated the impact of that development on the facilities of our·
district as follows: •
1 ) Location of existing f acil i ti es -Pl e·ase see enc 1 osed map. ·
2) School district generation factors -~27 based upon surrounding
developments. -
3) ·Capacity and adequacy of existing facilities -Schools are at
capacity with the exception of the high, sthoo 1 . -• • •
4) Potential problems in serving the project site -Excess -~osts of
transportation to existing facilities and overcrowding at the
elementary school. ..
5) Additional facilities required -School site is included in
attached map.
Sincerely,
;faeit(r/4~
David L. Larson
Director of Business and Operations
DLL: 1 g
·-/ --· -✓
j
/
COMPREHENSIVE
... , PLANNING ORGANIZATION
,_
Suite 524, Security Pacific Plaza
1200 Third Avenue
San Diego, California 92101
(714) 236-5300
Ms. Annette M. Sanchez
Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
500 Newport Center Drive, Suite 52S
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Dear Ms. Sanchez:
.August 1, 1980
As the Airport Land.Use Commission (ALUC) for the San Diego Region, CPO
is responsible for the development of compatible land uses-witlrin·the·
Airport Influence .Area. The Rancho Carrillo development which is pro-
posed.for the City of-Carlsbad would be significantly impacted by aircraft·
operations of Palomar-Airport. • •
The environmental report you are preparing should thoroughly address the
issue of aircraft relat~ noise· from. the airport~-The report should· also
describe the var:i,ous mitigation measures which will be implemented to mini-mize the adverse • impacts. • ' '
As you know, the.existing Pal~ Comprep.ensiv~ Land Use Plan is scheduled
to be updated :in early 1981. The updated report will have more recent
noise contours, an enlarged airport influence area, and a list of r_ecommen-
ded-actions for the City, County and CPO to implement to ensure compatible
land uses near the· airport.
CPO staff supports-the concern express~ to you-by·Mr. Phil Safford in his
letter dated July 22,1980 regarding this issue. If you have any questions
regarding these matters, please feel free to contact Jack Koerper .at
236-5372.
Sincerely,
)--,_,,__,_ f ) )( a_ <---t:,:: V
JOAN K. MARTIN
Director, Areawide Clearinghouse
J'IM/JK/oc
cc: Phil Safford
Bill Hoffman
SAN DIEGO REGION'S COUNCIL OF GOVERNMENTS
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Member Agencies: Cities of Carlsbad. Chula Vista. Coronado. Del Mar. El Ca1on, Imperial Beacn. La Mesa, Lemon Grove. National City. Oceanside. 0
San Diego. San Marcos. Vista, and County of San DiegoiEx-offic10 Member: California Depan:ment of Transpon:at1on/Honorarv Member: Tijuana. S. CF'A
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R J Massman -·-· 0uectar
COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Bldo 2. 5 S S S Ovar land Ave.
San OieQo. California 92123
OfficH of TelaphaH: (714) 565• 5l 77
Caunty Enoinaar & Raad Commisa1onar
County Survayar
Caun1y Airport■
July.22, 1980
Annette M. Sanchez
Associate Project Manager
500 Newport Center Drive
Suite 52S
Newport Beach, CA. 92660
Dear Ms. Sanchez:
This is in reply to your request of July 8, 1980, for comment relative to
the proposed Rancho Carrillo development in the vicinity of Palomar Airport.
Palomar Airport is a County owned and operated general aviation facility
located within the City of Carlsbad. The airport is open 24 ho:urs a day.
In 1979 a total of 268,000 take-offs and landings were completed, making
Palomar one of the busiest single runway airports in the nation. The
adopted Master Plan forecasts an increase to 400,000 movements by 1990.
The Master Plan is scheduled for review and update in early 1981.
In recent years as a result of residential growth in the vicinity of the
airport, the County and City have received an increasing number of complaints
over aircraft noise. These complaints generally come from residents·. two
to five miles from the airport. The proposed Rancho Carrillo development
is in this area. •
A number of actions have already been taken to reduce the impact of airport
noise in nearby communities. These include in-flight noise abatement
procedures, as well as restructures on use of the airport. While noise
abatement flight procedures can mitigate the noise problem, it is unrealistic
to assume that such acdons can "solve" the problem. Additional study to
identify other possible noise abatement actions is to be undertaken in the
near future under an FAA funded Airport Noise and tand Use Compatibility
study (ANCLUC). A new set of noise contours for Palomar will be prepared
during the ANCLUC studh and should be available in early 1981. The
existing noise contours cannot be considered as applicable for the Rancho
Carrillo development pending the ANCLUC study which is expected to enlarge
the airport influence area and significantly modify the concept of impact
zones.
t
Annette M. Sanchez -2-July 22, 1980
Rancho Carrillo lies within the Palomar Airport three-mile Air Traffic
Control Zone. The area is now subject to frequent low level overflight
by aircraft and helicopters making both visual and instrument approaches
to Runway 24. There is no practicable means by which such overflights
can be avoided in the future.
Based upon recent noise complaint experience at Palomar, the Rancho
Carrillo location is clearly a noise sensitive area. There is no doubt
that the residents will encounter problems of compatibility with respect
to the airport environment. Requirements for residential sound proofing
in the project area can reduce interior noise levels and be of some
benefit, but not a solution.
If this development is undertaken it will be of utmost importance for the
impact of aj.rport operations to be clearly identified to and acknowledged,
in writing. by each prospective purchaser prior to the close of escrow.
To this objective, airport management will recommend to the City of
Carlsbad that the developers be required to grant an avigation easement
over the property as a condition for approval of the project. --
PRS: lt
cc: CPO (J. Kcerper)
City of Carlsbad (J. Hagaman)
FM (H.C. Bliss)
Dept. of Transportation (R.J. Massman)
PMC
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March 20, 1980
City of C2.rlsbad
Planning Department
1200 El Avenue
C2.rlsbad, CA 92008
Gentlemen:
County of San Diego
Environmental Analysis Division
9150 Chesapeake Drive, Room 136
San Diego, California 92123
Telephone: (714) 565-5757
Subject: Notice of Preparation, Rancho Carrillo Master Plan EIR,
EAD Log H's 80-7-17; 80-NP-3
We have canpleted our review of the subject Notice of Preparation, and our
concerns in addition to those included as 'lhe Potential Issues are as follows:
1.. k?-i.culture: We observe tbat"ithe project· area is within the coastal.
• ag:-:.~ulture dependent zone, and as such,. would. comprise-a major issue
u::.:::r County procedures. If the County is to act as a formal responsible
~-:::cy, we will require that agriculture be discussed as a land ·use
isS".;e independent of economic evaluations, i.e., in terms of agricultural
pr=duct, coastal dependence, soils, and other technical factors separate
from an anticipated rationale that agriculture is not economically
v::b1.e.
2. Sc.."-!~ols: Discussion on the basis of permanent design capacity of
af'f'ected facilities and the ability of affected school districts to
meet new-enrollments. We observe that this may be a sub-heading under
ths included issue of Community Services.
3. Sswage and Solid Waste Disposal.: .. As in the above, these issues may
~sady exist as sub-headings under Comm.mity-Services.
4. Gro-,.-th Induction
Due to the volume of projects reviewed by this office, please reference the EAD
log #'s given above_ in future corr-...spondence relating to this project.·
Respect!"'ully yours,
. /~ /' ,;r.-@~
BRADFOR
Environme
BK'w:jr 68/6
STATE OF CALIFORNIA-RESOURCES AGENCY
DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND GAME
3 50 Golden Shore
LJng Beach, CA 90802
(213) 590-5ll3
July 24, 1980
Annette M. Sanchez
Associate Project Manager
Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
500 Newport Center Drive, Suite 525
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Dear Ms. Sanchez:
EDMUND G. BROWN JR,. Governor
We have reviewed the Notice of Preparation for the proposed Rancho Carrillo
Planned Community and we recommend that the following information be included
in the Draft EIR:
l. A description of the proposed development along with mapping, quanti-.
fication and a list of aJJ, plants and animals found· within the project
boundaries with emphasis on rare and endangered species. Animals that
use the area for foraging, nesting, or refuge should also be included.
2. A discussion of direct and indirect impacts on the biological ·habitat
and proposed mitigation measures to offset these impacts should be
provided. All open space easements and/or dedicated open space should
be fully described and shown on maps. We recommend that mature trees
be left intact to provide nesting and roosting for avian species and
that major rock outc:rpppmgs be left imdisturbed in order to provide
sanctuary for terrestrial species.
3. A hydrology and drainage map of the site and discussion of possible
impacts from increased surface runoff, soil erosion, .and sedimentation
on nearby streams, watercourses, and. coastal wetl.ands shoul.d be incl.uded.
To alleviate erosion we recommend that slopes over 30% be retained as
permanent open space.
4. Alternatives to the proposed project, including "no project", operation
on a lesser scale, etc., should be discussed along with the impacts of
each alternative on the biota. Mitigation measures shoul.d be included
in the discussion of alternatives.
5. The lengt:,h of natural watercourses proposed for· channelization into surface
and subsurface drains should be addressed in the EIR. Also, the project
sponsor should be advised that alteration of any streamb~d within the
high water mark wilJ. require notification to the Department of Fish and
Game pursuant to Section 1603 of the Fish and Game Code. This notification
and the subsequent agreement must be completed prior to coiilmencement of the
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Annette Mo Sanchez 2 July 24, 1980
streambed alteration. It should be noted that this state law may require
significant changes in project .features associated with streams or streambeds.
For this reason we strongly urge compliance with this code section prior to
.finalization of the specific project design.
Thank you for the opportunity to review and comment on this projecto I! you
have any cpestions, please contact Kris Lal or Jack L. Spruill of our Environ-
mental Services staff at (213) 590-5137 o
Sincerely, -.d;.,;..,_, ---;},<-6!,;;;t;,_;: a;::;
..btv Fred A. Wort.hley Jr •
{" Regional Manager
Region 5
1275 ELM AVENUE
CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 92008
July 18, 1980
Citp of Carlsbab
FIRE DEPARTMENT
Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
500 Newport Center Drive, Suite 525
Newport Beach, California 92660
Attention: Annette M. Sanchez
Subject: Rancho Carrillo Planned Community
TELEPHONE:
(7141 ;z;lg 5931 -
In response to your letter concerning the proposed Rancho Carrillo
Planned Community and its impact on the Carlsbad Fire Department,
points will be-expressed regarding the project impact. Specific
questions will be answered that you included in your letter.
Fire protection for that portion of the City would. be provided by
two engine companies from two sub-stations. One station, with four
men is located at Arenal Road and El Camino Real. The travel time
to this proposed project exceeds the minimum desired response time
of five minutes~ it is estimated that the first respondent would be
5/6 minutes to the southern portion and as high as 8 minutes when
totally built. The estimated travel time from the Chestnut and
Catalina Station is approximately nine minutes to the northern
section.
Considering the size of this project it is reasonable to project
problems·related to fire protection. The amount of dwellings fore-
cast for this community will increase the frequency of alarms. Fire
related incidents will require a two station response and medical
emergencies will ~equire a one station response plus a paramedic
unit response. The reduction in manpower on this response leaves.
large geographical areas of the City unprotected. If a greater
alarm depletes the firefighting force it will require personnel
recall and possibly a mutual aid assignment will be required.
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LSA, Inc. -2-7-18-80
The fire department Master Plan shows a future proposed fire station
in the area of Alga Road and, El Fuerte Streets. This development
would fall into the minimmn 5 minutes response from this area. __ '!'~e
~~~ct o_f this development would require the construction of . this
fire station and necessary equipment and manning to provide fire
protection. •
I hope that the information provided will assist you in the formu-
lation of your report. If you have any further questions regarding
this subject, p-lease contact me.
i)
Serra Cooperative Library System
July.21, 1980
Anette M. Sanchez
Associate Project Manager
Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
500 Newport Center Dr., Suite 525
Newport Beach, CA 92660
CARLSBAD CITY LIBRARY
1250 Elm Avenue
Carlsbad, CA. 92008 •
SUBJECT: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR RANCHO CARRILLO PLANNED
COMMUNITY, CITY OF CARLSBAD, COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO -
REQUEST FOR COMMENT
Dear Ms. Sanchez:
In response to your letter dated July 8, 1980 we offer the following
concerning libraries. At present, the City of Carlsbad has one library
which is located in the northwest quadrant of the City. Outlying areas
are served through the use of a mini-bookmobile (a Dodge maxi-van). The
present library is only adequate at this point and with the current influx
of new people to the area the overcrowding is compounded.
Concerning the need for additional facilities, the Library Board of
Trustees is focusing its efforts on the building of a new Central Library,
which would be located somewhere near the geographical center of the City.
The existing facility would then become a branch td serve the northern
portion of Carlsbad.
Attached is information taken directly from "Moving Ahead: Master Plan
No. II for the Carlsbad City Library" by Raymond M. Holt, Library
Consultant, August 1978.
Sincerely yours, .
blo~r~\,cu ~-C~
Georgina b. Cole
Library Director
GDC:ch
Enclosure
CARLSBAD CITY LIBRARY •CHULA VISTA PUBLIC LIBRARY ■CORONADO PUBLIC LIBRARY •ESCONDIDO PUBLIC LIBRARY
NATIONAL CITY PUBLIC LIBRARY •OCEANSIDE PUBLIC LIBRARY ■SAN DIEGO COUNTY LIBRARY •SAN DIEGO PUBLIC LIBRARY
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B. Site criteria and:Selection.
Selecting a site on which to relocate the Central Lil:>rary is a
matter of major interest and importance. Experience indicates that the
loca~ion of a library facility has an eno.rmous impact on its usefulness
to the community it serves. Therefore, criteria established by the
experience of other libraries should be adopted. Fortunately, recent
studies of successful library locations indicate .that certain time-
tested factors are not·susceptible to change in the foreseeable future.
In spite of the publicity given innovative means of conveying informa-
tion such as video tape, computers for home use, etc., there is general
agreement that tapping the eno.rmous and varied resources of libraries
will remain necessary and desirable for most people and will. continue
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to be done most effectively by visits to the library. Therefore, it
remains imperative-that the site which will be most convenient for the
greatest number of Carlsbad residents be selected. •
l. Site Criteria.
The assembling of criteria for site selection can be done by
analyzing the literature on this subject.3 There is remarkable
concurrence as to the most important factors in successful library
location, applicable to both the Central Library and to branches.
For convenience, these can be divided into three groups: (l)
those which are essential, (2) those viewed as important, and
(3) the remainder which are desirable. Using these divisions, site
criteria should include those listed in Table III-6.
Application of these criteria to Carlsbad leads one almost
instinctively to consider sites in the vicinity of El Camino Real
and Palanar Airport Road because of the nature of these major
"highways and the projected distribution of population. Th~s same
logic seems to have led to ·the conclusions reached in the 1973
Library Master. Plan and to·the recommendations of this location
for a new c±vic .Center by SUA, Inc.:
The City of Ca:zalsbad has many avai'Labt.e land pazocet.s ?,Jhich
couZd be used for future government facilities and considera-
tion should be given to as many of these areas as possibZe.
Given the Zayout of the city, e:::i.sting roa~aya, popu.Zation
distribution, zoning factors, and open-land avaiZabZe, Zand
in the vicinit:y of "the Palomar Airport seems to be ideal,
for 1,oca-tion of f'.1.tiaoe governmen-t facilities.
'l!he Pa'l,ornazo Airporz area is nea:za.the geographic center of
the city and has direct aecess to the fl'ee?,)ay (via Pa'l,omal'
Airport Road) as ?,JeZ,l as thoroughfares to e:r:isting and
pZa:nited deve'l,opment. The land is currently zoned for can-
mercia'l,, government, a:n.d special, treatment use. It is also
in the· vicinity of the Ca:zalsba.d Muni~paZ Water Distric"t
property (5 acres of Zand at Et. Camino ReaZ and .PaZanazo
Airport; Road), and if the City d.oes acquire jUZoisdiction
over this propert:y, it is feasible that ne?,J faciZities couZd
be pZanned in conjunction un.th the acquil'ad Zand.
3 •see especially the following:
Hoyt R. Galvin, "A Public Library Site Symposium," in Library Space
Planning (L.J. SpeciaZ Report #1.) R.R. Bowker. 1976.
Joseph L. Wheeler, The Effective Location of "Public Library Buildings.
University of Illinois (Occasional Papers No. ,52, J~ly 19Sa.) 1958.
Joseph L. Wheeler, A-Reconsidezoation of the Strategic Location for
Publ;ic Lwra:ry Buildings. University of Illinois. (Occasional Papers
No.-as, July 1967.) 1967.
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II.
Although it ma.y not be practical at this time to puzosue
construction of aZZ new faci.Zities, serious consideration
shou~d be given to acquiring the amount of Zand necesscusy
fo~ eventw::ily reZocating the "Civic Center." A phased
bui.Zdin,g proogram .can then be deveZoped which assures that
Zong-te'I'trl goals cuse met at -the same time as ·short-teI'ffl
czrises aroe solved. This kind of planning can minimize
the number-of.moves necesscrry and save considerable "ad-
minisi:1'ative-" costs. 4 _
• TABLE III-6
SITE CRITERIA ARRANGED BY :REIATIVE IMPORTANCE
ESSENTIAL •..
A. Easily accessible to·the.maximum number of residents arriving
by motor vehicle, public-_transportation,-etc.
' .. ' -. . . -~
B •. , Sufficient land for building, parking, a highly visible public
entrance, and ·side or rear delivery~ -
C. Adequate on-site parkin9'..-
D. Space for incremental· expansion to me~t foreseeable future
space requ~ements.
IMPORTANT.
A. . Adjacent to· commercial area so that library users may, if they
wish; combine trips·to the library with necessary and conven-
ience . shopping_.
B. Easy and safe access to the.·site -for v~icular tra£fic including
cars and.busses to facilitate drop-off and pick-up of library
users -espec~ally children and old~ adul~-.
c. High vis:i:bility so that the library is easily identifiable.
III. DESIRABLE.
A •. Reasonable distance from regional shopping-centers or other
facilities which draw heavily from areas·beyond the City of
carlsbad for their customers.·-
B. Neighboring facilities should be ·of a canpatible nature in-
cluding .commercial and professional buildings, cultural build-
ings, and --perhaps other civic buildings.
c~ Proximity to supplementary public·off~street parking which
may be shared by the library, 1;hereby reducing the amount of
land which the City must pur~hase for the library.
-,. Do Access to the s-ite from more than one str~et -as may occur
when the library is located at the intersection of .two major
streets .. -.-
40sUA, Incorporated·. Op. Cit. p. 2-22-23.
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Sinc.e i.t must be conceded that El Camino Real will undoubtedly
remain the most important local arterial for residents throughout
carlsbad,· the search· for a library site must of necessity focus
along this.highway. ·The lands adjacent to the intersection of
Palom,ar Airport Road and El Camino Real are riot, of course, the
9nly canidates. As development·of the land on either side of El
Camino Real continues; it will be important to reassess each poten-
tial location. Basically, these·will probably occur at or near
the intersection of major roads with El Camino Real. The proposed
intersections shown .on .. the City's General Plan map are indicated
on Figure III-5, beginning with Tamarack on the north and proceed-
ing to Alga Road on the south_. The concentric rings at one mile
intervals give some indication of the distance from the Palomar
Airport Road and El Camin9 Real intersection. Generally speaking,
it would seem desirable to locate the new Central Library build-
ing somewhere within these parameters~ While.a location at an
intersection is not an· imperative, it does provide a potential in
most cases for better visibility and access.to the site'from more
than one direction.
Since these projected roads are not precisely aligned, it is
not poss.ible to evaluate the nature of the topography immediately
surrounding them where they intersect El.Camino Real. Conceiv-
ably, an excellent site on the map may prove impossible in.real--
ity because the two roads, for instance, meet in very hilly
terrain. Similarly, on-going commercial.and industrial develop-
m~t of this area will alter both the availability and desirability
of given parcels in due time. Since the library and its required
parking and landscaping may require from three to five acres of
land, depending upon whether or not·some parking might be shared
with another facility, the amount of usable land at a given spot
will certainly be a factor.-
I£ a decision had to be made based.on the limited knowledge
available today., it would seem that a site on ·the ·east side of
El camino Real between Palomar Airport Road. and the proposed exten-
·sion of cannon Road would be the most logical. While keeping the
iocation near the· gee-center_ of the ·City,· .such a site would provide
the least overlap with the branch service areas proposed in the
following chapter. Needless to say, a very thorough study of all
factor~ will be necessary whenever the selection processes begin.
Steps to be Taken in Implementing the New Central Library
. Recommendation.
Before a new Central Library building can become a reality, a number
of steps must be taken. These are outlined below fer the guidance of
those concerned with the orderly conduct cf this process. While circum-
stances may affect the actual sequence, a~d mere than one of the steps
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may be taken concurrently, each i tern -must be addressed if' a successful
product is t9 ensue. 0
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FIGURE I.II-5
PROJECTED GENERAL ACCESS ROADS
CROSSING EL CAMINO REAL
, . • I . ~. t ~ ~"!J ,.i.l • _-_ . ,• -~ -~t • -• I • • :.:r.
.• -:::::: ,,2~-----~---~~,... •
"---....--
Q Existing Libr
0 Recommended Site
for Branch Libr
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~CI L ITV
NO.
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07
08
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II
12
13 ,,.
: •• '· .,,;,.: :i-i -.;~;,i •1:l \ff : .,_;.,;,\i:,i,_:~~rJ:,H i;i,~t;i :~-., ~j~~r~·<\'1·,1g,:tJr~~:1i\~l'11.i;i~t~~j~fi1~n!!1?1i1ii!ij1~){~1:i;:fr(:i1g'.:.,iJiii)ii~~-;;;.i;~i~iai'itfii#.~~Ma1ji1\'~!i~iir:Jiil/l ~,j~lt1ii1i~H ;:;, ;j,-;: e,:;:,I :;~ iii;_,;::,i,',,Jl ; -l~i: 1r:,;::1.w,:,i; \jl 1',, ':,I 'I ,' _ i ;, ; .,f
LOCATION
At Enclnlta1 Rd.
Alga Rd.
South of Alga Rd.
Deleted
luclcrnaga St.
Abejorro St.
la Costa Headows
Al lsma St.
La Coua Headows
Alyo Rd; Abanto St,
Alga Rd. Upstream
of Fc1cl II ty 13
DRAINAGE
AREA
hg.ml.)
0.3
5,2
0.15
0.25
0.25
O.J
!,LJtl'1,0•.l1 1 JI lll~lltd, l1.-h(1JJ1,.,t,•, 1-.•,·:r 11·~_ ..... ••f• . .'I.: 1H11•~••••th,0I~
lGlll I
LA COSTA NllRTII ·1•111n•; e, 'I,-~!! .... ;:..~~?.
LENGTH
-1.f!.:l
100
4,800
360
450
740
I ,280
~75
EXISTING
COIID IT IONS
Unknown
3 -7211 RCP.
Golf Course with
Low-Flo Ch.
~2" RCP
51,11 RCP
60" RCP
5'•" RCP
i.211 llCP
CAPAC ITV (cfs)
~ REQUIRED
JOO*
2,560 ,.:.'
120 . 11()*
230 250*
260 260*
320 JW•
IV-11!)
ASSOCIATED
PROBLEMS
flooding of Golf
Cour=,e
Adequate
Adequate
·Adequate
• Adequate
Adequate
-------.-•--~---··..,. . . . . . . ~ ..
(!) (!)
RHOl:\t1ENDEb1
I MPROVE11EIITS
:··. ·: N(?n:e_ Need~d . ,:
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;:: : ··: '. ... _ .'. ::, ' /
.: tlone N~ed~d
ll~nc llccdcll
1 l)lf1L [t, I .
CO~T PRIO"ITY
(DOLLARS) ll11S Ill ZOti[
8,00Q A '.~C:'_\\,:
,.
• ·NIA
, N/A
11/A
fP-J FP-3
i,:•·
.. :
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COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO
Department of Sanitation & Flood Control <oaso>
C. J. H0US0N
Dlrectar County Operltlllfll Cant•, 5555 Overland Av.nue, San Dle10, C.allfarnl.a 92123 ..... Tele!lllllfl■: 565-5325
JUL 2 2 1980
Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
500 Newport Center Drive, Suite 525
Newport Beach, CA 92660
Subject: Rancho Carillo EIR
REF:
We have your request for comment on flood control matters related to
the planned community in the City of Carlsbad.
3124
Since the project is still in its initial stages,, we cannot make specific
comments on all your questions. The project does lie in the San Marcos
Creek drainage basin and is outside of any designated flood plain area.
Enclosed are excerpts from our Comprehensive Plan for Flood Control and
Drainage Zone I which should provide valuable input to your environmental
analysis. If you need more information, you may call Art Scotese on
565-5849.
C. J. HOUSON
sy· l .. / .. --1. i ... _ ~-.:f 5..'----. l .,i-J·_
I : JOSEPH C. HILL ,
Principal Civil Engineer
AGS:lm
Enclosures:
@)
San Diego Gas & EJec-tric
City of Ca:rlsb.::.d
1200 Elm Avenue
Carlsbad, CA 92008
March 21, 1980
Attention: Joyce Crosthwarte/
Planning Department
Subject: Rancho Carrillo Master Plan E.I.R.
Gentlemen:
••lE •.o PLA 10 0
Thank you for providing San Diego Gas & Electric
Compan7 with the opportunity to provide input to this drait
E.I.R.
Gas and el~ctric distribution facilities can be
made available to t.~is project according to SDG&E's rules
filed with and approveq by the California Public Utilities
Commission.
The continued availability of both gas and electric
energy !or this and future projects is dependent on the supply
of fue: and other essential materials, and the obtaining of
governmsnt authorization to construct the facilities required.
I have enclosed recent copies of releases concerning
this subject for your information. Should you need to discuss
the above material in more detail, please call me at (714)
232-4252, extension 1887.
WMS:cag
Enclosure (2)
Sincerely,
Walt M. Smith
Land Planner
CiT'( G;:
; ~.:.;;:,,ii}g
(~; ·\::.:~~~---' ... ,
S ~ ;;.:..;-~~1"!-2t, i.
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Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
500 Newport Center Drive Suite 525
Newport Beach, CA. 92660
Attention: Edward Almanza
January 12, 1981
Subject: Rancho Carrillo Planned Community
Gentlemen:
PLA 520
Thank you for your tentative information regarding the above-mentioned
project.
In response to your questions on Page Two, the location of electric
facilities are as shown on the map sent to you by Judy Isais. These
are 12 KV and_ 69 KV lines. We have_a 3" gas line at Palomar Airport
Road at Linda Vista and a 3" and 4" gas line in Rancho Santa Fe Road.
The required extensions to serve this proposed development is the
responsibility of the developer.
If you wish to continue with this development, please contact me and
I will send you our requirements of plans needed to design a distribution
system.
An early response will not only be beneficial to us, but to you, as the day
that we have sufficient plans to process your project for design will
constitute the Applicants Final Submittal date (AFS). This date will
determine the E~tension:Rule in which your project is interpreted. Also
please be advised that the preliminary design for the gas and electric
system takes approximately four to seven weeks to complete. The sooner
the above plans and information are submitted to us, the sooner your
project can be completed. (If overhead relocation of SDG&E poles is
required or conversion from overhead poles to an underground system
is required, more time will be needed to complete your electrical design.)
A meeting may be beneficial as it could possib_ly avoid any misunderstandings
before they develop on the project.
If I may be of further assistance to you, or for arranging a meeting time,
please feel free to call me at our North Coast office.
lcf
• S • erelY.
, ~ (}d/.-(✓99~1--1tJ_)
i A. Higgins
Customer Extension Planner
Phone: 438-3160
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Larry Seeman Associates
500 Newport Center Drive
Suite 525
Newport Beach, CA 92660
July 23, 1980
RE: RANCHO CARRILLO, PALOMAR AIRPORT ROAD E/0 EL CAMINO REAL
Attn:· Ms. Annette M. Sanchez
I am responding to your letter dated July 8, 1980, requesting
information pertaining to the environmental impact as a result of serving
this development with natural gas. Presently San Diego Gas and Electric
Company has a 16 inch (800 PSI) Gas Transmission Main located 13 feet
north of. the existing center line of Palomar Airport Road. Due to· the
operating pressure of. this gas line it is not normally used to serve Local
Distribution. This project would have possibly two points of service for
natural gas. The first would be to extend a gas line from Linda Vista
Drive, (Poinsettia Ave.), the nearest Local Distribution Line. The second
option wouid be to tap the 16 inch gas line and install a gas pressure
regulator station. The decision would be made by San Diego Gas & Electric
Company. It:should be noted that either option would be at the expense of
the develop-er.
---------
I do not anticipate any problems environmentally or ecologically
with the necessary requirements to serve this development with natural gas.
Please be aware that due to the importance of this gas line and the poten-
tial hazards if this line was punctured San Diego Gas and Electric Company
does not allow any work to be.done within 25 feet of this gas line without
standby personnel present at time of work. For· standby service please con-
tact (714) 235-6323 48 hours in advance of work to be done.
I hope this information will be of help to you. If I can be of
further assistance ,please do .not hesitate to call.me.
RWK:ecs
Enclosures
Sincerely,
Robert W. Keithly .
Field Engineering Services
(714) 232-4252 Ext. 1653
C
.,t-~~\ AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT ,:· :. \\; l1 ··. t'-. lt-J;!~~~+-:. =-,".~;;
··•:f:f!iftl COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO c
R. J. Sommerville
WILLl.0.1\,1 SIMMONS 9150 ChesapeaK!l ::rive
Air Pollution
Control Officer
July 22, 1980
Annette M. Sanchez
Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
500 Newport Center Drive, Suite 525
Newport Beach, CA 92660
San Diego,C.i,,f.92123
17141 565-5901 ':VlS 0176i
SUBJECT: REQUEST FOR COMMENT ON THE PREPARATION OF A DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL
, IMPACT REPORT (EIR) FOR RANCHO CARRILLO PLANNED COMMUNITY CITY
OF CARLSBAD
The Air Pollution Con~rol District (APCD) has reviewed the above referenced subject
material and has the following comment:
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The draft EIR should address project consistency ·with the Comprehensive Planning C
Organization's. (CPO) adopted Series IV-B population proj.ections since·the Air • Quality Management Plan.(AQMP) and the State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the
region are both based in part.on Series IV-B popultaion forecasts.
Additionally, Section 1~142(b) of the adopted amendments to the State EIR guidelines,
states:
(b) The EIR shall discuss any inconsistencies between the proposed
project and applicable general plans and regional plans. Such regional
plans include, but are not limited to, the applicable Air Quality Manage-.
ment Plan (or. State Implementation Plan once adopted), area-wide waste
treatment and water quality plans, regional transportation plans, and
regional land use plans for the protection of the coastal zone, ... ;
We have evaluated the two 4 square kilometer grids in which this project site
is located to determine the Comprehensive Planning Organization's (CPO) Series
IV-B population projections for thisarea and have found that the proposed
project, which emcompasses 43% of the grid survey area, represents a 150% increase
over the 1985 popul~tion projections (assuming a 1985 completion date) anticipated
in the Series IVB estimates (for the entire grid areas) which are contained in
the locally adopted Air and Water Quality Plans mandated by the Federal Clean Air
and Water Quality Acts. The projects unanticipated population increase will add
air pollutants to the atmosphere that may interfere with the attainment and main-
tenance of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS).
The draft EIR should inform the decision-makers and the public that the p.roject
is inconsistent with the adopted revised -Regional Air Quality Strategies (R-RAQS)
to attain and maintain the National Ambient Air Quality Standards as prescribed in
the Clean Air Act. Failure to make reasonable further progress toward attaining
the standards may (1) cause sanctions to be imposed, thereby jeopardizing state
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Annette M. Sanchez Larry Seeman Associates, Inc.
July 22, 1980 -2-
and federal funding for sewers and highways in the region, and (2) place prohibition
on major new source construction.
The Air Quality Management Plan (AQMP) and the State Implementation Plan (SIP)
for the region are both based on population estimates, the Series IV-8 forecasts.
Since the San Diego Air Basin has been designated a non-attainment area for ozone,
carbon monoxide, particulates and oxides of nitrogen and the project appears
inconsistent with the Revised Regional Air Quality Strategies (R-RAQS), air
quality must be considered a significant issue. If this project is approved,
then legally enforceable mitigation measures must be provided and implemented to
offset any additional pollutants.
Additionally, air pollution impacts associated with the commercial and industrial
uses.proposed to occur on the project site should be quantified and discussed in
the EIR.
Enclosed is a copy of our letter which describes the information required in the
air quality Section of an EIR. If you have any questions, please call me at 565-3609. •
~b~~
JUL!gM~-;;NN
Environmental Management Specialist
JMQ:RU~:mk
cc: Carolyn Stromberg, ARB
Richard Huff, CPO
John Wise, EPA
Enclosures
---------------------------------------------
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County of San Diego
Air Pollution Control District
9150 Chesapeake Drive
San Diego, CA 92123
SAN biEGO' S AIR POLLUT!ON: 1979 SCORECARD
12/31/79
FOR IMMEDIATE RELE.~SE -
Air qua·lity in San Diego County improved during 1979 compared with 1976,
according to· County Air Pollution Control Officer R.J. Sommervilie. The San
Diego Air•Basin exceeded. the federal standard fer clean air, 12 parts per
hundri:d million (pphm) of ozone, on 67 days jn ·1979, compared with 88 days
jn 1976. Alpine recorded the biggest improvement? e."<ceeding the standard
only 44 days this year,· compared with 65 in 197G.
--Readings at most qf the Air P<>l lutic:>l',1 Contro-1 District• s. seven other monitoring
0 stations_ were similar ~o .last· yeaz:'s or slightly iower. Escondido exceeded the
standard on 13 days this year, compared with 15 in 1978; downtown San Diego
recorded 5 violations, compared with 8 last year. Kearny Mesa had 6 exceed-
O ances in·l979 and 9 in 1978, while Solana Beach experience~ 16 days over the
standard this year and 17 last year. Chula Vista ,had 6 violati_ons in 19i9.
and 7 in 1976. Stations showing a slight i~crease -in number of days over
o the standard included El Cajon, with one !ff0re day this year (7 as opposed to
6 i~ 1978) and Oceanside with 2 more (~2 ccmpared ·with 20) .. -
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While the overall pi~ture improved significantly, Sonmerville said the number
of days .on which smog alerts we?"e issued remaine<l the same (11 in 1979 and 1973).
Smog alerts, issued when photochemical smog {ozone) reaches 20 pphm or higher,
usually occur when meteorological conditions transpor~ pol.lutants in~o San
Diego County from the Los Angeles area. This happens only occasionally during
the year but when it does, North County coastal ccr.munities genera11y are
affected most severely.
• {MORE)
Air-· ocl1ution levels in an area of re1ative':y constant-;-aay.:..to-day emissions,
• '"• I •
ar-: determined primarily by existin~ mateor-_:logical. conditions. Clear skies, ,· . ' ' .
above-nonnal daytime temperatures and the ani1abi_ljty of sunshine are condi-.. . • '
tions favorable for the tracoina of emissions near ariJund level.and the.
• ' ·., • • -_,. w. \. •
formation of ozone through photochemi_cal l""Sactions Jn the atmosphere. Nine-
taen-se•ienty nine was an above-a'lerage _ year for both. temperature and sunshine.·
. '
The ii.Ost unusual months were June and Septerr:::er. Both months had subst:mtiaily _ . ' ....
above-average temperatures, ,..,; th September 1979 being the warmest September si nee
i87l (when temperature' reco·rding •11as ·"ini tiatsdj and 'the sunniest since 1960.
Correspondingly, ·June· and September were the rr.onths of highest c·zcne levels· in
San Diego County and also: accounted for near1y half of all days in 1979 ,,,hen the
federal ozone. standard was exceeded.
J,n :he Les ;.nl]:1esarea, the uni:que·:r.eteoro1cgy of 1979 ·resulted in the worst
Sil:Og siege in 2-5 years. The so·uth Coast Air Basin, which ·;ncll!des Los Ange1es,
Orange, Ri versi.de, and San Bernardi no Coun~'f :S, exper, e!?Ced fl Stage II smog
a 1 erts ( 35 pphm of ozone O'I'"' great-er) in one :hi rt1:en-day period• in September. -•
San Diego County expe_rienced an unpl'"ec~dented 3 Stage II alerts,. one. i.n Ju.ne
(only the second in ts!'l years} and t\oJO in Sept,:mber.
An i.nitial survey of other pol1utant 1sveis indi<;:ates tf:tat the ~urnt:er. of days
over the carbon monoxide 8-hour standard wa,s siightly higher than in 19.78, and.
the number'of violations of the ni"troi;an di~xice standard was l_ow~r. Scn,mervi1ie
stressed that ail figures are orelim"!n2r"1 and suoject to ·veri_fic.1tion. r.. cafii~ .
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plete report for 1979 wi11 be issued by the !.ir Pollution Control Dist-rict 1",ne:1 -o
all data is anaiyzed.
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·1979
OZONE ALERTS ( ;:· 2□ ;:chm}
SAN DIEGO COUNTY
0
o.o..r:: • LOCATION LEVEL (cchm}
p May 12 Oc2anside 22
~-~ay 12 · Solana Beach 22
May 13 Solana Beach 28
0
~une 9 Oceanside 21
June 10 Oc2ansic:e 26
Solana Beach 21
0 June 11 Oceansida 36
So1ana Beach 22
Escondido 32
Chula Vista 21
June 12 Escondido 22
0
June 13 Escondido 20
. September a Esccndi do 23
!o September 15 Oceanside 35
Soiana Beach 32
September 17 Oceanside 36
Solana Be:c:i 21
0 September 22 Oceanside 21
0
0
-:30-
-• . . '
El Cajon
Chula Vista
Escondido
Oowntc·Nn . San Diego
Oceanside
Kearny Mesa
A1pine
Solana
Beach
Basin
1979
PHOTOCHEMICAL SMOG (OZONE)
-DAYS OVER CLEAN AIR STANDARD (12 pphm}
SAN DIEGO COUNTY
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL OISiRICT
Maximum 1-Hour in Parts
Davs Per Hundr~d ~1i 11 ion
i979 / 19i8 1979 1978
7 6 17 18
6 7 . 22 20
13 15 32 i8
5 a 19 21
22 20 36 35
6 9 17 18
44 65 19 24
16 17 32 39
67 88
(MORE)
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Date of
Maximum
1979 C
June 11, 1979
June 12, 1979
June 11, 1979 C
June 11, 1979
June 11, 1979
Sept. 22 '· 1979 C
Sept. 9, 197~
Sept. 15, 1979 C
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[
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT
COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO
R. •J. Sommerville
Air Pollution
Control Officer
July 21, 1980
Annette M. Sanchez
LarT)" Seeman Associates, Inc.
500 Newport Center Drive, Suite 525
Newport Beach, CA 92660
-9150 Chesa;::eake Om,e
San Diego, Calif. 92123
.(714) 565-5901 IMS 01761
In response to your request for information required_in __ the air quality
section of an Environmental Impact Report, the District is currently
preparing a-short document listing.items we would:expect to be· included
in the report. However, this document is not available at the present
time. In the interim, the comments below will suffice. •
The air quality section should include maps, tables and/or discussions of
the project in terms of the following topics:
1. Project location
2. Topography of project area
3. Meteorology
.4. Present zoning and land use·
S. Existing air quality
6. Project impact
7. Mitigating measures
8 .. Revised Regional Air Quality Strategy
9. Regional Growth Management
1. PROJECT LOCATION -The project should be located on a topographical
map showing the project's exact boundaries. The. project should also.
be located on a regional map to locate the project-in the San Diego
Air Basin.
2. TOPOGRAPHY OF PROJECT AREA -In many cases, the transport and diffusion
of air pollutants is complicated by terrain features.· Therefore, a
narrative description of the specific local topographical features of
the project site should be included in _the report (e.g., inland coastal
valleys, foothills, mountainous areas, river canyons, etc.).·
3. METEOROLOGY -Meteorological conditions can cause extreme variations in
air quality on a daily, seasonal and year-to-year basis. The two main
meteorological parameters are winds and mixing heights.
-2-
m.xing height refers to the mo.ximum height at which pol lutcJ.nts may
dilute. The meteorologist estirncJ.tes t::is figure on the basis of expec-
ted m:i.xirnum tempercJ.ture and the early :::.orni.ng temperature profile. A
low mixing height without strong bree:es suggest elevated pollution
levels.
4. PRESE:;T ZO~IXG AND LAND USE -The exis-cing zoning and land use should
be discussed in layperson's terms (e.g., the existing zoning allows
for ''x" number of dwelling units per acre; the land use is designated
on the community plan as agricultural preserve). If the proposed pro-
ject requires rezoning or a change in -:he community plan, then this
should be so stated.
S. EXISTIXG AIR QUALITY -A three to five-year summary of available and
current ambient air quali.ty data which encompasses the project impact
area is required to demonstrate the present severity of the air pollu-
tion problem. A table illustrating the number of days standards were
exceeded for each year and the annual high one-hour concentrations at
appropriate air monitoring stations in or near the project area should
be presented. At a minimum, photochemical oxidants, carbon monoxide,
nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and particulate matter neecj to be
included.
6. PROJECT I~IPACT -Air quality impacts should be discus~ed in quantita~
tive terns as much as possible. The a:1alysis should include both mobile
and stationary sources.
The emissions nssociated with vehicle traffic should be discussed and
presented in tabulal" form. The discussion should include an estimate
of the nui:lber of vehicle trips and vehicle miles traveled.· The method-
ology used to estimate the emissions should be included in the report
itself, or as an addendum.
Emissions from stationary sources should be addressed as well as an
analysis of the pollution associated with the increased generation of
electrical po,-.er. If' future residents or existing ho::1es, parks or employ-
ees will be ir.ipacted from pollutants up-wind of thi;? project location, then
this ::.hould be stated, including· a discussion of the type of pollution
impact and possible adverse effects on public heal th and property.
7. ?4ITIGATI:-;G ?-'EASURES -Titis discussion should identify those mitigatin~
measures.which are p'I"oposed by project p-:-oponents to be included in the
project and other measures that are no~ included, but could reasonably
be expected to reduce adverse impacts.
Mitigating r.ieasures should include the relevant Regional Air Quality
Strnter,ies (RAQS) tactics which inclute, but are not limited to:
. T -1 (:•k•di fied) P\·oposcd process fer .coo·rdinnted land use and trnns-
pQrta.t1 on actions to i:'.'.!?rove ah.· .quality. "This
proposed pl~cess envisions modifications to hoth
general plans and t'he regional comprehensive plan
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so as to achieve consistency of purpose 3nd achieve
air quality benefits. Compatibility among plans and
policies would be bro-:.ii:.t about by a cooperative effort
between local agencies and the Comprehensive Planning
Organization (CPO), \i:lerein incompatibilities ad•1erscly
affecting· air qualit:i,· are jointly identified> appropri-
ate changes determined, and then these changes proposed
to local ageJ1,cies or CPO as appropriate."
Maximum carpool and van-pools with incentives.
The most essential incentive to carpooling is a computer
matching·program to identify potential carpools groupings
.and to promote the formation of carpools by assisting
with matching, routing and scheduling. Industries and
business.can provide another incentive for cnrpooling by
designating preferential parking areas for carpool cars.
These spaces could be closer to the destination building
or in a covered area protected from the. weather, or in
another desirable location..
Vanpools -This tactic is initiated by the employer who
purchases a van which is driven by an employee.-The
employee drives a group of employees to and from work.
Operating expenses of the vanpools may be paid by either
the employer ·or employee.
A subscription transit program entails the charter of
buses by employers from public or private transit opera-
tors to provide employees -with subscription buspool.
service. Subscribers are ensured that they will have
a space on the bus. In addition, the employer sometimes
guarantees a minimum nu~ber of passengers or subsidizes
a portion· of the subs.cri?tion fare. Buspools are com-·
parable to ca-rpools in that the same individuals may ride
together each day and the same adv.antages accrue to the
employer and employee.
Maximum bicycle syste:n.
'This tactic envisions a oajor expansion of bicycle facil-
ities, including: the adopted regional bicycle route
system, community oriented routes> bicycle feeder system
to public transit, possible employer incentives and
includes facilities. Such facili tics include theft
resistant racks, connections with express bus service,
showers and locker roo:.1.s.
REVISED REGIO~AL AIR QUALITI STRATEGY -A coordination process to include
air quality considerations in land use and tr.i.nsportntion planning is
included in both the Regional Air Quality Strategies (RAQS) and the
Air Management Process (A~IP) . The A!-:? stipulates:
) .
-4-
"The cities in San Diego County, the County of San Diego, the
Comprehensive planning Organization (CPO), the Unified Port
District, and other appropriate agencies will include air quality
considerations in all land u~e and ,transportation actions subject
to the California Environmental Quality Act of 1970 (CEQA) by
addressing consistency with the RAQS as part of required Environ-
mental Impact Reports."
The relevant RAQS tactics are addressed under mitigating measures.
The required information need not necessarily be included within the Air Quality
Section of an EIR or EIS, but must be appropriately referenced in the Air
Quality section if discussed elsewhere in the document.
If you have any questions, please contact me at 565-3609.
=~!~
Environmental Management Specialist
JMQ:RLW:mk
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6: ,,-,:-:: / .:S .s / p /.,/ ;:-,,9c,,,· ~..,<?-rP .,,o _:-
/:/ /7'?c:o G,.-= ,,,,u_ ----...
-
------------
,$,9.S.:: /?/'/..0 .,,O~!'Jv cC:r/o,u ✓/c/2'/?.;!;;
/1/7>--, ; 96;···· -·-/7&°~·--r ✓-1::::.0 /9.9S
/7.7,6
I .. .?. :!..-;[ __
. •··-.. ·•···•· .. 1. -----
~S-38 •• 1 ~7
. . ·-. . .. ·-... ~
-. -----------j----· ·--····---J---•-·-------·---·--·· ·-· --•
O· . c,{,7' .. 9p57 0 I ~
··-····------
------·as=-· ;.;;~.rr ----1--·· · -· · · · · · · ·--·----i------.. --• ·----------•
---·-(p~~v:;)----:. -~: ?_?:_ ___ ... !~:.f!_ ____ ---~·<_?______ ..... :-!' /:!~ ... ·--~•-t:'-?_... -:2.· C
0
0
---· ··•·------... . .. ------· ---------
( ~~ ./..,".:'•-::::;;-.:'✓-' ) . . --·-. • ---·-·-•
• • .,.-::-1/ , /
_} ._., . . . . . •• . . . . . . . .. . . . .. -.. -. . l __ ::_ . --. . . . . ·-.. .. --. . t-·---. .
I i
~--.. !· -
. ---. ! ........ -··. ···-. I _______ _
___ L~ • . .... L __ _
I f
•:
PROJECT NAME
CONSULT Pu 'IT
!\'ORK SHEET ~
FOR. ESTIMATING HYDROCARBONS, CAPJ30N MONOXIDE
A~D NITROGEN OXIDE E!-!ISSIONS
( . Vehicle Population Mix; Average Speed -35 MPl:l)
DATE ---:------------,-------
NID-lBER OF VEHICLE TRIPS PER DAY -----------
AVERAGE ~!ILES PER TRIP
Day
Hydrocarbon
Emissions
Carbon
Monoxide
Emissions
=
---------------
Vehicle Trips x _____ Miles =
Trips -----Miles/Day
....... ---'c,.~n-~rr ....... )_x 365 Days x
Day Year
Gram ·X 1. 1023 x 10-6 Tons
Mile Gram
+ (Trips) x 365 Days x Grams 1.1023 x 10-6 Tons.
D Y --T~r~1.~p--x Gr~ ay . ear
= Tons + Tons
Year (V?-lT related) Year (Trip related)
-Tons/Year -----
= (Vl-IT) x 365 Days x Grams x 1.1023 X 10-6 Tons
Day Year Mile Gram
+ (TriEs) ·x 365 Days X Grams 1.1023 X 10-6 Tons·
Day Year Trip X Gra.-n.
Tons = ...,..._...,.,_,,,_~---:-.-Year (~-rr related) +· Tons
Year (Trip related)
= Tons/Year -----~-----------------------------------------------
Nitrogen
Oxide
Emissions
• (V?-IT) x 365 Days x Gra.::s X 1.1023 X 10-6 Tons = Da)' Year Mile Grar.i
+ (Trips) X 365 Days Grams 1.1023 X 10-6
Day Year X Trip :;c Gram
Tons = ,,.,..----,.,,-::-:=::----=---:-~ Year (V:•IT related) + Tons
Year (Trip ~elated)
= Tons/Yc~r -----
Tons
C
C
C
C
I...,
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
.o
0
0
0
' roa ESTil·lATING P~-~ICu1:..~ES {TSP) ,
SOU"L'3. DIOXIDE: (S02 ), C.~~l H~;QXID:! (CO)
AND NIT!CG.Ei.'t OXIDE (NO ) Et·lISSIC~?S X
ProJECl' NA!•1E DATE ---------------------------
FIRM ----------------------
NtDlBER OF D;·lELI,ING Wl'XS (DU) •• -•
Ntr.-1SER OF THER-IS PER DU PER ~-1~l'!'H-.
. . ... ·• ..... ---------
• • • • • • s • • • • ---------
TSP
502
co
*
. . . . •• . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ---~-----
10 lb~ l ft3 H.G. 12 l•;onths 1 ton
106 ft3 X 1050 BT"'u X
100,000 B'IU
THE~l X Year x 2000 lbsx
( ) THER-IS/Mont:h = Tons/year -----· ------
0.6 lbs*
106 ft3
1 ft3 • 100,000 B'I'J -12 ·Months l ton·
x ioso STU x THEEt·l x Year x 2000 'lbsx
( _____ ). THER:-IS/Month = ____ Tons/year
20 lb~
106 ft3
1 ft3 N.G. x 100,oop BTU x 12 Months 1 ton
x l050 ·BTU THER-1 Year Xzooo lbs x
( ) THER-1S/Honth = Tons/year -----· ----
100 lbs-Ir 1 ft3 100,000 BTU 12 t•tonths 1 ton
106 ft3 x 1050 BT"u x 'l"'rlER>i x Year x 2000 lbsx
(. • ) T".dER·?S/t-bnth = Tons/year ·---------
T'nese. anission factors were obtained fran 5:JP?lement 7 of the U.S. Erw·iror .. 'T.enta:..
Protection Agency's Comoilation of Air Polluta.11t Emission Factors, AP-42~
.. ..
• ~\OR.CC SHEE:'L' *6 ( ?:-;•~-=?. PLANT)
EOR ESTitr!ATI!\G Pil.RrI.:t-:;,TES (TSP} ,
SULFUR DIOXIDE:· (S02), C.~=2C)l t-10:,0XIDE (CO)
A.'ID NITFCGEN OXIDE (::o ) E.MISSICC-S X
P~CI' N.,?o.HE DATE ---------------------------
FiroI -----------------------
NID1BER OF CWEI,LI~~ UNITS (DO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . •. -----------
KII.a•i'ATT HCORS (~m) PER DO PER :-lONm • . . . . . .
'lOTAL KViS/MO~"I'H • • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
'I'Sl?
S02
co
10 lbs*
1000 gal.
*** 1 gal. 3 BI'O
X 1501 000 BT"u X 0.00029 1:·:H
12 rronth 1 ton
x Year x 2000 lbs x
(. _____ ) l\'WH/Month = ____ lbs/year-
157 lbs* *** ** 3 cal. l BTU 12 month
1000 gal. X (S) .0034 X 150,000 E?J X 0.00029 K~-3 X Year
(' ) KWH/Honth X 1 ton
2000 lbs = Tons/year
-*** 5 lbs* 1 9al. 3 B'I'"J -12 ronth. 1 ton
1000 gal. X 150 ,·000 BID X 0.00029 K;•;:~ X Yeai::: x 2000 lbs.x
(. ______ ) KWH/!ibnth = _____ -Tons/year
35. 7 lb~.
1000 gal.
x 1 gal. x
150,000 °BTU
*** 3 BT"t..J ..,,_...,,..,,..,,..,....,,_.... __ X
0. 0JQ23 I\1·i!'f
(. ______ ) IwiH/Month = _____ Tons/year
12 rr.-onth l ton
Year x 2000 lbsx
C
C
C
C
C
X
0
0
0
* T'nese e:nission factors were obtained fran S~??lertent 7 of the U.S. • ~wiron.1.1ental O
Protection Agency's Corr.pilation of Air Poll~~ait Emission Factors, AP-42.
** .0034 is the decimal equivalent. of (S) the ~~r~entc:;e, by weight, of sulfur
in the oil.
*** ·1· ,:-• . • . . This factor is used as an average of bo1 er e~:1c1enc1es at tne various
0
S.D.G.&E. p:,wer station.
0
0
0
\IDRK SHEET ~7 (RESIDE~;•.cr.;u, FIREPL.'Z\.CE:)
EOR ESTI!·lATit-:G PA..tn'ICUCATES (TSP)',
O\FBON t-tOi.~OXIDE: (CO}, Hrn:D:APBO~S {EC)
A.~10 NITFCGEN OXIDE (NO ) EMISSIQ.'lS X
PFDJECT NM·lE DATE ---------------------------
CONSULT;io~n
FIRM -----------------------
:t-."'t.JMBER OP DWELLTh"'G UNITS {DO} WIT"rl A E'IREE>rACE . . . . •. ---------
0 TSP
0
0
0
0
0
0
CD
... -
NO X
*
20 lbsk
'Ibn X 1.98 Tons**
Cord
.s Cords 1 ton ( ) DU
X: DU, Year x 2000 lbs x ·------·
= ______ Tons/year
120 lbs*
'lbn X
1.98 'Ibns**' x .5 Cords l ton ( ) DU
Cord DU, Year x 2000 lbs x ·-------·
= 'lbns/year ------
1.98 Tons** ·s lbs*
. Ton X Cord
.5 Cords l ton ( ) DU
x DU, Year x 2000 lbs x ·------·
= Tons/year ------
l lbs-': X 'lbn
1.98 Tons** .s Cords 1 ton ( ) DU
Cord X DO, Year .x 2000 lbs X ------·
= 'Ibns/year ------
'Ihese enission factors were obtained fran Supplement 7 of the U.S. Erwiron."1\ental
Protection Agenc-.f' s Cocrpilation of Air l?olluta"'lt Emission Factors, F-.P-42.
**
l'i.sstrnes red oai~ with a 12 percent moisture con::ent, refer to Table 2-