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EIR 83-05; ALANDA; FINAL EIR - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT; 1983-08-15
·•--M!l'IPlll_4_J ----■--.-J•-• -· -------It---•-•----- C C C C C C E C E E C C t C [ C C C t NASLAND ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT FOR ALANDA PROJECT PREPARED FOR: THE CITY OF CARLSBAD 1200 ELII AVENUE CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA, 12008 4855 RUFFNER STREET SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92111 (819) 292-7770 ) 2020 OCEANSIDE BLVD. OCEANSIDE, CALIFORNIA 9205 (819) 439-3313 .. r. Ill ... Ill ... ... Ill ... .. .. .. -... -... -... .. -... .. .. -.. .. .. .. .. DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT AI.ANDA PROJECT Prepared for: City of Carlsbad 1200 Elm Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 Prepared by: Nasland Engineering 4855 Ruffner Street San Diego, CA 92111 August 15, 1983 .. ' ... i .. .. Ill .. .. .. .. .. .. Ill .. .... .. .. .. .. -.. .. -.. 1111 .. 1111 ► -... ... Section I. Ill. IV, v. TABLE OF CONTENTS Title INTRODUCTION A • B, Scope of the Report Summary PROJECT DESCRIPTION A • B, c. D . Location Setting Project Characteristics Background ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS A, B • c. D, E . F • G, H, I, J. K. L . Traffic Circulation Geology/Grading/Topographic Alteration Land Use Compatibility Visual Quality/Aesthetics Noise Hydrology/Drainage Socioeconomic Issues Biolog~c Resources Archaeology Public Services and Utilities Energy Air Quality ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT A. No Project B, No Development c . D. E, Development According to a Concept Plan Development According to a Concept Plan Without the Construction of Elm Avenue Development Which Avoids Environmental Constraints GROWTH INDUCEMENT i Page l 1 2 11 11 11 14 16 23 23 38 45 48 59 66 73 77 85 90 101 104 111 112 114 115 117 118 121 Section VI, VII. VIII, IX, Number 2-1 2-2 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-1 4-2 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Title THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL SHORT-TERM USES OF MAN'S ENVIRONMENT AND THE MAINTENANCE AND ENHANCEMENT OF LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY SIGNIFICANT IRREVERSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES WHICH WOULD RESULT IF THE PROPOSED PROJECT IS IMPLEMENTED REFERENCES STATEMENT OF ACCURACY AND QUALIFICATIONS LIST OF FIGURES Title Regional Location of the Project Site Topography of the Project Site and Vicinity Circulation in the Project Vicinity Geologic Resources on the Project Site Noise Contours on the Project Site Biological Resources on the Project Site Archaeologic Resources on the Property Conceptual Plan for Development Environmental Constraints on the Project Site: Which Should Not Be Developed ii Areas 123 125 127 131 Page 12 13 24 39 61 78 87 116 119 ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. -.. ... ... .. ... .. ... .. .. Ill "" i.i ' .. .. i.i .. .. .. .. "" • .. • -.. .. .. .. .. .. .. • .. .. .. .. .. ► - "' .. Number 2-1 2-2 2-3 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-7 3-8 3-9 3-10 3-11 3-12 3-13 3-14 3-15 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) LIST OF TABLES Title Number of Residences Proposed by the Project Fair Market Rates for San Diego County Annual Low and Moderate Income Guidelines for Housing Subsidies Average Daily Trip Volumes in the Project Vicinity Levels of Service Definition Trip Generation for the Project Site Daily Trip Distribution from the Project--Interim Street Network Daily Trip Distribution from the Project--Ultimate Street Network Slope Gradients on the Project Site Specific Design Guidelines for Area 1 (including the Project Site) According to the El Camino Real Discussion Paper Noise Levels of Grading and Construction Equipment Sensitive Animal Species on the Alanda Property Students Generated by the Project Site With and Without the Proposed GPA Current School Enrollments and Capacities Standards for Park and Recreation Facilities Ambient Air Quality Standards Oceanside Air Quality Summary (1978-1981) Air Pollutant Emissions that Would Be Generated by the Proposed Project Page 15 19 20 28 29 32 33 33 41 51 64 82 96 97 99 106 107 109 Number l 2 3 4 5 6 7 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) APPENDICES Title Intersection Capacity Utilization Calculations Soil and Geologic Report for Alanda Project Noise Analysis Woorksheet Biology Survey Report and Impact Analysis Archa~ological Reconnaissance of the Alanda Project Service Letters Air Quality Data iv Tab l 2 3 4 5 6 7 """ ' -4 ' .. J .. ... .. .. .. -◄ """ .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .... ' • - - - .. .. .. ► t A. SCOPE OF THE REPORT SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION This environmental document addresses the proposed General Plan Amendment and Zone Change to allow increased residential densities on a 47-acre site in the City of Carlsbad. The site is located west of El Camino Real, north of Chestnut Avenue and south of Hosp Way, and is adjoined on the west by existing single family residential ~evelopment. The proponent proposes to change the land use designation of the General Plan over part of the site from RM (4-10 dwelling units per acre) and RLM (0-4 du/a) to RMH (10-20 du/a). The land use designation of RLM on the rest of the site would not be changed. Zone classifications are proposed to be changed to conform to the new land use designations. The project would result in the development of the site with up to 400 units of low to moderate income apartment units and up to 100 single family residences. This document is designed to serve as the Draft Environmental Impact Report for the proposed General Plan Amendment and Zone Change. This EIR has been prepared in accordance with the guidelines adopted by the City of Carlsbad and complies with all criteria, standards and procedures of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and the State CEQA Guidelines. The issues which have been addressed in the EIR were determined by the City of Carlsbad Land Use Planning Department. Public concerns were solicited by a Notice of Preparation and a scoping meeting . The sections analyzing each of the issues include a description of existing conditions, a discussion of potential impacts and recommended measures to mitigate significant effects. Unavoidable and cumulative environmental impacts are discussed in the impsct analysis of each issue. Alternatives to the proposed project, including the No-Project alternative, are also evaluated in this report. Technical data are included as appendices • 1 B. SUMMARY Project Description The purpose of this project is to amend the General Plan to permit higher densities of residential development on the 47-acre site than is currently allowed. Eight acres of the site is currently designated RM (Medium density Residential) which allows up to 10 dwelling units per acre (du/a), and the remaining 39 acres is designated RLM (Low Medium density Residential which permits up to four du/a. The project proposes to change the designations to RMH (Medium High density) over 20 acres to allow up to 20 du/a. The remainder of the site would remain designated RLM, The applicant proposes that a portion of the site be rezoned from R-A-10 to RD-M for multiple family units and a portio_n rezoned to R-1-7500. The remainder would be zoned R-1-7500 for single family dwellings. There are no site plans, grading plans or tentative maps for the project. The proponent intends to prepare a Specific Plan (which is not evaluated in this EIR) prior to project approval which would formalize his intent to construct up to 400 moderate income apartment units on the northern the site in the RMH designation, and up to 100 single family houses southern part in the RLM designation. part of in the The project would provide several benefits to the City of Carlsbad, including the extension of Elm Avenue, improvement of El Camino Real, and provision of needed moderate income housing. Traffic Circulation Roadways in the project vicinity are for the most part currently operating under capacity. The exception is Chestnut Avenue, which, though designated to be a Collector street, is currently serving as a Secondary Arterial and 2 ... .. ., ! -.. I ... ... ... .. ... J .. .. ... .. ... .. ... .. .. .. Ill .. .. ... Ill .. 1111 .. -... - • -... ... ~ I ► ( I - providing major east/west connection between El Gamino Real and 1-5. Thus, more vehicles than were planned for are currently using Chestnut. This would be alleviated with the completion of Elm Avenue, which would provide the east/west connection and draw traffic away from Chestnut. The intersections along El Gamino Real periencing congestion during some times SR 78 and El Gamino Real is operating near Plaza Gamino Real are of the day. The interchange at a level of service of ex of F (intolerable delay). Improvements to the interchange are under construction which would alleviate this level of service. · Marron Road/El Gamino Real intersection is operating at a level of service of B (slight delay). The project would generate 4200 vehicles, 2060 more than would be generated under the existing General Plan designations. These cars would be added to the circulation system in the vicinity of the project, and would create an adverse but not significant impact to the overall traffic situation in the project vicinity. The new cars would have a significant impact to Chestnut Avenue, which is currently operating over capacity. However, this impact would be mitigated by the completion of Elm Avenue to provide the east/west connection. The project would construct Elm Avenue through the site to Secondary Arterial standards. This would partially mitigate the project's contribution to the congestion on Chestnut Avenue; however, the impact would remain until Elm is constructed through to its current terminus. Thus, the impact is considered significant and short term • The site is bordered by El Gamino Real, a designated Prime Arterial, which would be improved by the project from its current design of four lanes to six lanes with a raised median. The project would construct the improve ments only on the western half of the roadway. The project would also construct a signal, with left turn arrows, at the Elm Avenue/ El Gamino Real intersection. 3 Access to the project would be provided by Elm Avenue, an existing stub-out at Ridgecrest Drive and a future stub-out at the Sheffler project site to the south. Until two access points are constructed, the project is considered a cul-de-sac development and thus, the first phase of the project must consist of 120 units or less, in conformance with the City's policy on cul-de-sacs. Implementation of the project would add up to 210 trips per day to Ridgecrest Drive; this is not considered significant since the roadway is now carrying about 500 trips and has capacity to carry about 4000. In addition, the project would make available to non-project traffic a through connection between El Camino Real and Ridgecrest. Less than 50 vehicles per day would utilize this connection, and this number would be substantially reduced after the completion of Elm Av~nue. significant impact. Thus, this is not considered a Project traffic would not degrade the level of service at the intersection of Marron Road and El Camino Real from its existing level of B. However, when the area is fully built out according to the General Plan, the level of service would drop to F, which is considered unacceptable, and the would contribute incrementally to this congestion. This impact project must be mitigated by redesigning the intersection to permit greater number of vehicles. This is not a direct responsibility of this developer. The project would add incrementally to the congestion currently being experienced at the interchange of SR 78 and El Camino Real. This must be considered a significant impact according to CEQA. However, again, mitiga- tion measures are beyond the total responsibility of the project proponent. Geology Two-thirds of the site may be covered with an ancient landslide. If the slide is present on the site, development may be precluded because 4 ... ... ... ... • .. • .. • • ... .. II .. II .. .. .. • .. .. -... .. .. .. .. .. -... ( 11111 mitigation measures would be too expensive to permit an economically feasible project. Further field investigation must be done to determined if the slide is present . Even if the ancient landslide is not present, additional geologic problems exist. Below the 200-foot contour, the site experiences several geologic conditions which would require mitigation, including saturated soils, smaller landslides and loosely compacted soils and fill. For this reason, it is recommended that development occur only above the 200-foot contour line • The topography of the site is considered steep, since 85% of the project has a slope gradient of greater than 25% . Less than 1% of the site is flatter than 10%. Any development of the site would require extensive grading and would have a significant impact on topography. Sensitive site design could reduce this impact, but not to a level of insignificance . Land Use Compatibility The site adjoins existing single family development to the west, with approved but not constructed single family development to the south, and approved but not constructed multi-family development to the north. Office commercial development is under construction to the east accross El Camino Real • Proposed single family development is considered compatible with existing and future single family development off-site . However, proposed multi- family development may not be compatible with existing single family development offsite and propsed single family development on site, and a buffer zone of landscaped open space is recommended to mitigate this impact • Visual Quality The site is vacant and has a rural appearance • Implementation of the project would replace this rural ambiance with an urban, developed 5 appearance, Due to the topography of the site, project development would not block views or invade privacy of most of the existing single family houses to the east or west, However, views from the horse ranch in the center of the site would be significantly affected, and views houses immediately next to the western corner of the site obstructed by the apartment buildings, which could be up to 35 according to the RD-M zone regulations, from the could be feet high Views from houses east of El Camino Real would be affected to a slight degree; trees and open space would be replaced with development, However, the houses are separated from the site by distance and the roadway, and the impact is not considered significant, These impacts could be reduced by sensitive site d~sign which would include extensive landscaping, contour grading, clustering of units, stepping of units, use of split level streets, reduced graded and street widths, However, impacts could not be mitigated to insignificance with development on the site, Noise The project would be affected by noise generated by traffic on El Camino Real, The County of San Diego uses a standard of 65 decibels (d(B)) to be compatible with residential development, Calculations show that this noise level would be located about 150 feet from the centerline of the nearest lane of the roadway, Residential development closer than this would be significantly affected by roadway noise, The project would generate noise during construction, This noise would be short-term in duration but could be significant to those residences within 50 feet of the noise source, High noise would be limited to daytime periods and would occur over relaitvely short periods of four to six months, Construction noise may be perceived as an annoyance to residents but nighttime noise levels would not be raised, 6 ... - • - -► r ... Hydrology and Drainage The site is considered to have a substantial potential for erosion due to the steepness of the slopes and the erosion potential of the soils. Impacts include the sedimentation of Buena Vista Lagoon, increased run-off, the addition of urban pollutants into the Lagoon and the impacts to the drainage on the eastern boundary of the site. These impacts would be reduced by a development design which would disturb as little area as possible on the site. In addition, an erosion control plan should be developed, which should be submitted to the City Engineer and the Regional Water Quality Control Board for approval. However, in spite of the implementation of such a plan, construction impacts from sedimentation and erosion are rarely completely mitigable. Socioeconomic Issues Prices for the proposed units would range from $125,000 to $160,000 for the single family houses, and $516 to $649 monthly for the apartments. The construction of the moderate income apartments would contribute incre mentally to change in the vicinity, but would not be significant of itself. Many other projects currently approved and/or under construction would create a much greater change in the Alanda vicinity. Crime rates per capita in the City are not expected to increase with implementation of the project. However, the absolute number of crimes in the City would increase. This is not considered a significant impact, since the police department has indicated it has the capability to adequately handle potential increases in crime. Biological Resources The site is covered with Coastal Sage Scrub, wetland trees and non-native grasses. The majority of the 7 vegetation, eucalyptus site is a low quality disturbed grassland type habitat, and both species diversity and species abundance are low. ment on all sides. Ultimately the property will be surrounded by develop- No plant species were found on-site that have status with either the federal government, rare and/or state government or the California Native Plant Society. No endangered vertebrate species listed by state or federal agencies were encountered on the site. One sensitive lizard species was observed: the Orangethroat Whiptail. This lizard is listed as "threatened" by the San Diego Herpetological Society, "needing protection" by the California Department of Fish and Game, and "depleted" by Stewart. Sensitive bird species on the site include the American Kestrel (may nest in Eucalyptus), Cliff Swallow (forages only) and Bewick's Wren (resides in scrub). The loss of vegetation and wildlife on the site is considered to be an adverse impact of the project. However, it is not found to be a significant impact because the sensitive biological resources on the site occur in low frequency and do not constitute a high quality of resource. Archaeological Resources The area around the site contains numerous archaeological sites, three of which are located on or immediately adjacent to the project site. investigations determined two archaeological sites on the property. smaller one is not considered to be significant. Field The The larger one contains 13 acres of the property and could be a significant resource. In accordance with AB 952, it is recommended that the site be investigated further to determine if it is unique and construction might constitute a significant adverse impact. 8 "' J ~ .j J J .. ... .. .. .. .. .. 11111 .. - -• --.. .. • -... ' "" Public Services The City would provide water, sewer, fire protection, police service and recreation facilities for the project. No significant adverse impacts are expected. Schools in the project vicinity are operating under capacity at this time. However, substantial development in the district might result in overcrowded conditions, and the project would add incrementally to that situation. The payment of fees to the school district would mitigate this impact to insignificance. Energy The site would increase the demand for natural gas, gasoline and electricity in the region and would add incrementally to the overall regional depletion of these resources. This is not considered to be a significant impact, since at this time there appears to be adequate resources available to serve the project. Air Quality The project would increase air pollution in the vicinity. In addition, it is not in conformance with the State Improvement Plan (SIP) which is based on Series V population forecasts from SANDAG. For these two reasons the project is considered to have a significant impact on air quality in the region. Alternatives Five alternatives were examined. The No-Development Alternative is the only alternative which would eliminate or reduce all impacts to insignificance . Other alternatives include the No Project Alternative, which would result in development according to the existing General Plan designations, a Concept 9 Plan, which includes certain buffer zones between land uses, Plan without the construction of Elm Avenue on the site, and a the Concept plan which does not develop those areas of the site which are considered to be environmentally constrained. Growth Inducement The project is considered to be potentially growth inducing in that it increases pressure for development on the owner of the horse ranch, almost entirely surrounded by the project site. If development occurs on the site, the horse ranch would be completely surrounded by subdivisions and pressure for development would be substantial. 10 J , 1111 ... ' ... J "" I .. , .. ""' ,.j "" .. ... "" .. ... ... ... .. .. -.. -• .. .. "' .. "' Ill .. 1111 .. --... .. .. .. .. -... .. .. .. ... f .. ,.. ... A, LOCATION SECTlON II PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project site is located within the City of Carlsbad east of Inter state S, in the northern part of the City, as shown on Figure 2-1. Figure 2-2 shows the location and topography of the site on a U,S. Geological Survey map. The 47-acre site is roughly rectangular in shape and is bounded by El Camino Real on the east and the existing single family development of Seacrest Estates on the west. To the south, the site is adjoined by the Sheffler project, currently vacant land which has been approved for development of condominiums and single family houses. To the. north, the site is adjacent to the Developers Consultants project, which has been approved for development of moderate income apartments; the site has been graded and the buildings are under construction, B, SETTING The site consists primarily of the east-facing slope of a tributary canyon to Buena Vista Creek. The western boundary of the site contains a drainage which flows to the north intermittantly during the winter months. Eleva tions range from about 100 feet above mean sea level in this drainage at the northeastern corner of the site to approximately 300 feet above sea level on the northwestern corner. Slopes on the site are relatively steep; 85% of the site has a slope gradient greater than 25%, This is discussed in more detail in 111-B, Geology/Grading . The majority of the site is vacant and is vegetated mostly with grassland. There are eucalyptus trees in several groves in the northwestern and southern parts of the site, and along the drainage on the eastern boundary, There is an area of scrub vegetation in the eastern part, and several large bushes and small trees are scattered across the site. The vegetation of the site is discussed in more detail in 111-H, Biological Resources, 11 NASLAND ENGINEERING IJ!ti !':l;1! /> •.· ~;(:l{li:\{{i~~i:;_:-_:;-t\:'.? :::;::/: /,, •. ~NSljE; /// :-()::.: :_ .. CARL·. r· ESCONDIDO :•. <I:iflt ;, .·.:-.-·.:-;-:·-."· ,,-.·.· .. ·.·' , .. ·-. SCALE IN MILES , ,, :; ;;;1: ISl'lti'·:1.. --------0 :>·:·::-<: ::·<-:·.\\'_:····. :_ REGIONAL LOCATION MAP 12 ALPINE us• __________ _ .,,~,co FIGURE 2.;..1 J _1 J J J .. l .. J J , ... .. l .. ~ - -1111 .. • \ .. w .. Ill .. Ill. -.. .. Ill .. -.. .. .. - Ill' .. 1111111 .. .. .... I - NASLAND ENGINEERING '~~~;:··~:' • :"; ,, • ;_°Fi f ... ..... 1t-\ ~;/~.:'..cf:;;:;~ FEET SOURCE: SAN LUIS RIY QUAD MAP 0 1000 TOPOGRAPHY OF THE PROJECT SITE AND YICINlff 13 1000 FIGURE 2-2 The site does not include a parcel owned by Dr, White, which is located in the eastern central area, This parcel is currently being used as a horse ranch in conformance with the existing Agricultural zone of R-A-1, The site serves primarily as passive open space, and is used for purposes such as walking and bird watching, Other uses include an apiary in the north central part of the site. A narrow paved road, shown as Rising Glen Road on the Thomas Brothers map, crosses the site from the northwestern boundary to the northern corner, This road provides access to two residences, one (Dr, White's property) in the center of the site, and the other to the northwest. Rising Glen Road is used as a walkway to connect the single family development of Seacrest Estates on the west and El Camino Real on the east, and there has been a small amount of trash dumping along the roadway. The project site is designated for residential development by the City of Carlsbad's General Plan, The northern portion, about 8 acres, is designated for RM (Medium density) which permits from four to ten dwelling units per acre. The southern portion, approximately 39 acres, is designated for RLM (low-medium density) which allows up to four du/a, The entire site is currently zoned R-A-10, an agricultural zone which allows single-family residences with 10,000 square foot lots. C. PROJECT CHARACTERISTICS The project proposes an Amendment to the General Plan to change the designation over part of the site from RM and RLM to RMI! (medium-high density) which would permit residential development at a density of up to 20 du/a. The exact boundaries for the change in designation have not yet been determined, but all of the currently designated RM and about 12 acres of the RLM would probably be changed. Thus, a total of approximately 20 acres in the northern part of the site would be designated RMH, The designation for the remaining 27 acres would not be changed, Table 2-1 shows the number of residences which would be permitted under the proposed project, 14 J , ~ 4 I I ' ' J ~ J J J J ~ ' • ~ J -( 4 ' ~ J ~ ~ ~ I • ~ • J ~ • , ◄ 0. ' • ~ - .. ,. I Ill .. .. Ill .. .. .. - • .. .. .. r ,.. ... NASLAND ENGINEERING Existing Proposed TABLE 2-1 NUMBER OF RESIDENCES PROPOSED BY THE PROJECT Land Use Designations RM (4-10 du/a) RLM (0-4 du/a) TOTAL RMH (10-20 du/a) RLM (0-4 du/a) TOTAL Approximate Number of Acres 8 39 47 20 27 47 TOTAL INCREASE PROPOSED 15 Maximum Number of Units Permitted 80 150 230 400 100 500 270 The project also proposes a Zone Change from the existing R-A-10 to RDM and R-1-7500 to correspond to the proposed changes to designations, The R-A-10 zone permits agricultural uses, single family dwellings, poultry and certain animals with a 10,000 square foot (sf) minimum lot size, The R-1-7500 is designed to provide exclusively for single family houses and accessory uses, but it does permit a limited agricultural use on the 7500 sf lots, The RDM zone (Residential Density-Multiple) was created to allow multiple family dwellings at the density specified by the General Plan designation, Part of the site would remain at the R-A-10 zoning, The applicant would subdivide lots, grade building sites the single-family portion of the project into and construct utilities and streets. The applicant has indicated that there is a possibility that the single family units would be sold to a builder for construction, No single family units would be built as part of this project. The applicant would, however, construct the apartment units, along with all needed facilities such as parking lots and roads, No site plans, grading plans or tentative maps have been prepared at this time, to regulate development over the site is intended A Specific Plan prepared prior to approval of the project, The Plan would mandate to be the construction of low and moderate income apartment units, and· would include guidelines concerning architecture, grading, landscaping, and open space as well as prohibiting apartment-to-condominium conversion. The Specific Plan has not been prepared at this time and is not evaluated in this EIR, D, BACKGROUND In 1978, the State mandated revisions to the City's Housing Element adequate provision for the housing needs of all ecomonic segments to make of the community, For this reason, the Housing Element was revised to incorporate the following goals and policies: Goals • To assure that diversity of the City's future development provides an adequate housing, with types, prices, tenures and locations 16 J ~1 I J J J -J • ... - .. -.. .. - - ... I -,,. consistent with the age and economic characteristics and present and future residents. • To provide affordable housing opportunities in a variety of types and locations to meet the needs of current low and moderate income households and a fair share proportion of future low and moderate income households. • To assure that all housing, whether market or assisted, is sold or rented in conformance with open housing policies free of discrimina tory practices • Policies • Develop a greater diversity of housing types and programs to meet a significant share of Carlsbad's lower income housing needs • Develop public incentives to assist the private market in providing broader housing opportunites for development of low and moderate income housing. • Assure adequate and suitable sites for development of a variety of housing types and especially to assure affordability. [Sites must be accessible to social, recreational, educational, commercial and health facilities and services.] The City has given a priority to the development of affordable housing by private developers for the following reasons: • The projected growth of the city means that private housing development will be at high levels over the next five years. • Affordabie housing (above median income, but below current market prices) is needed in the City. • Demographic and employment projections indicate a growing need for such moderately priced housing in Carlsbad. • Public programs, whether federal, state or local, are unable to meet this type of need. Carlsbad has been encouraging the development of affordable housing by the use of density bonuses; that is, development is allowed at densities greater 17 than those specified by the General Plan if lower income housing is provided. There are several different types of bonuses, ranging from 20% to 50%: • A maximum of 20% density bonus is allowed in exchange for 15% of units reserved for low and moderate income rentals (moderate income rent limits should be equivalent to maximum fair market rents set by HUD for Carlsbad). • In those areas of the city with designated density ranges of 0-4 du/a, a project may utilize a Planned Unit Development (PUD) to take advantage of a density increase of up to 25% over the maximum density, if 50% of the bonus are utilized for housing which helps meets Carlsbad's fair share. • In projects with a Master Plan or a Specific Plan, a density bonus of up to 50% of the maximum number of allowable units may be given if low and moderate income rental units are provided. Recently, the City has received several applications for construction of apartments. Immediately adjoining the project site to the north, the Development Consultant project has been approved. This project will provide 300 low and moderate income apartment units. Other projects (not including the Alanda project) which could result in 900 apartment units are currently in process. approved. It is not known how many of these additional units will be The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) has defined "moderate income" rental housing to be an average of current market rents throughout the area of study. Surveys of rental rates are conducted annually, and a "fair market rate" is developed based on average rates. Fair market rates are done on a county-wide basis, and can be raised up to 10% over County averages if a community has higher than average market rents. lists the fair market rates for San Diego County. Table 2-2 Low income rates are essentially the same as moderate rents with the addition of federal subsidies to landlords under Section 8 of the federal code, so that renters pay only 30% of their income for rent. 18 J '"' I -.. I , .. '"' I 111111 :J J , .. ""' I .. J -4 ., -1 ""' • ~ .. "' ~ , 11111 ... • II{ ◄ I~ f .. .., .. -~ ' Ila JII • ~ Ill ,. Ill .. .. -; .. .., Ir. .. ... ,.. 1111 ----... .. .. .. llt ~ • -~ -• ~ ... -Illa r .... .. ,. .. NASLAND ENGINEERING TABLE 2-2 FAIR MARKET RENTAL RATES FOR SAN DIEGO COUNTY Type of Building Multi-story with elevator Multi-story walk-up Row houses Size 1 2 2 3 4 2 3 4 of Apartment bedroom bedroom bedroom bedroom bedroom bedroom bedroom bedroom Monthly $466 585 516 605 649 562 667 $737 Note: All rates are for family units and are based on average rents for similar units throughout San Diego County • Source: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 1983 • 19 Rent NASLAND ENGINEERING J _1 TABLE 2-3 ;; ANNUAL LOW AND MODERATE INCOME GUIDELINES FOR HOUSING SUBSIDIES ~ i .. Number of Persons Low Median Moderate .. In Famil;l (80% of Median) (100% of Median) (120% of Median) J I $14,800 $18,500 $22,200 ... 2 16,900 21,125 25,350 j "'- 3 19,000 23,750 28,500 .. 4 21,100 26,375 31,650 5 22,450 28,062 33,674 f .. 6 23,750 29,687 35,624 7 25,100 31,375 37,650 J 8 $26,400 $33,000 $39,600 ... ' ~ Source: Carlsbad, 1983. ~ ' .. ~ ~ , .. ... ... , .. -.. , 1111 1111 .. , ... ~ ... ' I .. ., 20 - -.. -... ... ... .. ... ... -... I ... The County of San Diego has developed guidelines for income ranges for low and moderate income, based on the County median income for a family of four of $26,000 per year, As a general guideline, low income is considered to be about 80% of the median income, and moderate income is considered to be about 120% of median, Table 2-3 lists low, median and moderate income for families of up to eight persons, With federal subsidies, low income families are expected to spend 25% of their income on housing, median income families 30% and moderate income families up to 35% (San Diego County, 1983), 21 22 i ... "'I ""- J J J J ., .i J ... J ~ .J - .. --.. .. ,,. - ,.. ~ .. .. ... -I ► r A. TRAFFIC CIRCULATION Existing Conditions SECTION Ill ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS The project is adjacent to El Camino Real in the northern part of the City of Carlsbad. Streets in the project vicinity are shown on Figure 3-1. Regional access to the site is provided by State Route (SR) 78, an east/west limited access highway with four lanes, connecting Interstate (I) S with Vista, San Marcos and Escondido. El Camino Real, a north/south road which connects Oceanside with Carlsbad, Leucadia, Encinitas and Cardiff to the south, also provides regional access. El Camino Real is designated by the Carlsbad General Plan to be a "Prime Arterial", which is designed to move large volumes of vehicles on longer through-trips (Carlsbad, 1975b). Roadway capacity is based on six lanes of moving traffic with an 18-foot median in a 126-foot right-of-way, and is expected to carry in excess of 40,000 average trips per day (ADT). Currently, El Camino Real handles 18,900 trips per day (SANDAG, 1983) . Access to the site is provided by Rising Glen Road, a narrow, one-lane paved to Ridgecrest road which crosses the site from El Camino Real on the north Drive on the west. This road serves as primary access for Dr. White's property, a horse ranch located in the center of the project site (not a part of the project), and as secondary access for another residence near the northwestern corner. This residence has primary access from Meadowlark Lane. The site is also crossed by several other dirt roads. The site adjoins a residential area on the west and projects which have been approved but not constructed on the north and south. The developed area, known as Seacrest Estates, includes a stub-out from Ridgecrest Drive to.the 23 NASLAND ENGINEERING HIGHWAY 78 . NORTH NOT TO SCA-LE CHESTNUT AYE. CIRCULATION IN THE PROJECT VICINITY 24 FIGURE 3-1 .. • .. .. , .. .. .. .. ... la .. .. .. .. -... .. .. ... a. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. project's western boundary, This stub-out now serves as ~he western terminus of Rising Glen, The Sheffler project, to the south of the site, has been designed to include a local street which parallels El Camino Real and which stubs out at the southern boundary of the Alanda site about 160 feet west of the right-of-way for El Camino Real, No roadways have been planned by the Development Consultants' project to the north to connect to the Alanda project, Future plans for the City of Carlsbad call for the construction of Elm Avenue across the site to intersect with El Camino Real, ~lm Avenue, an east/west street, is planned to connect 1-5 with El Camino Real and points east, but now terminates at Donna Road west of the site . It has been constructed from El Camino Real to the east, and the west side of El Camino Real has been widened to allow for the Elm Street intersection, Elm Avenue is designated as a "Secondary Arterial" by the Circulation Element (Carlsbad, .1975b). The main function of a secondary arterial is to conduct traffic between collector streets and major arterials or freeways, Traffic volumes are expected to be up to 20,000 ADT with two traffic lanes in an 84-foot right-of-way, Elm Avenue is considered to be a necessary link in the traffic circulation system on the City of Carlsbad and would provide a major east/west connection in the City, After full buildout to the land uses as specified in the General Plan, the City's system would not be able to function adequately without this roadway (Whitson, 1983), Since Elm Avenue is not yet constructed between 1-5 and El Camino Real, alternate east-west access is now provided by Chestnut Avenue west to Highland Avenue, then north or south to Elm or Tamarack, respectively, and then west to 1-5, Additional east/west access is available via Hosp Way to Monroe to Elm Avenue, Tamarack, Freeway interchanges are available at Elm Avenue and Seacrest Estates is currently served by a loop network of local streets, with one access: Basswood Lane to the west, This has resulted in a "penninsula" 25 type environment, with neighborhood streets used solely by residents. Some traffic does utilize the very narrow Rising Glen connection between El Camino Real and Seacrest, but there is little through traffic. Traffic counts for these and other streets in the project vicinity are shown on Table 3-1. Roadway capacity, also shown on the table, assumes that lanes which are 12 feet wide with a speed of 40 miles per hour can adequately carry 2,000 vehicles per hour in unsignalized portions and 1600 vehicles per hour in signalized sections (National Academy of Sciences, 1965). Table 3-1 illustrates that with the exception of Chestnut Avenue, all of the streets in the project area are currently operating well under capacity. Chestnut Avenue is designated to be a collector street, but is now serving arterial functions because of the need for an east/west connection. After the completion of Elm Avenue, traffic counts on Chestnut are expected to drop to a level compatible with its collector status. Plaza Camino Real Shopping Center, a regional commercial center serving Oceanside, Carlsbad and many of the smaller communities in the area, is located north of the site on El Camino Real at SR 78. This center is a significant traffic generator which contributes heavily to traffic congestion on El Camino Real north of the site. There are four traffic signals between the site and SR 78: one at Hosp Way, another at Marron Road, a third at Plaza Drive and the fourth at the interchange ramps for SR 78. While these intersections all experience congestion during peak hours, the intersections at Marron Road and SR 78 experience significant congestion during afternoon peak hours (Whitson, 1983). Intersection Capacity Utilizations (ICU) were prepared for the Marron Road intersection to determine the level o( service currently offered and are contained in Appendix I. Levels of service range from A to F, and are defined on Table 3-2. At this time, the Marron Road intersection is operating at a level of service of B, which is considered to be a stable level. The intersection with SR 78 is operating at a level of service of F 26 ~ • - ~ ,.. J I J J , • .. J ~ -, • ~ ' • -~ J ~ ~ .. • .. -.. ' ~ .. -, ◄ ~ - ~ - .. - ... --- ---------.. .. -------.. -... -.. .. ... ! .. .. .. (Whitson, 1983). This level may be reduced since the construction to_add a lane to eastbound SR 78 has recently been completed. For this reason traffic flow on SR 78 and through the intersection with El Camino Real should move more rapidly. Bus service in the project vicinity is provided by the San Diego Transit Corporation, which currently operates several routes in the vicinity. Plaza Camino Real is a transfer point, and most of the routes in the vicinity stop there. From the shopping center, it is possible to travel by bus to Vista, San Marcos, Escondido, Oceanside, Camp Pendleton, La Costa, Encinitas, Cardiff, Tri-City Hospital, Buena Hills, Fire Mountain and downtown San Diego. Impact The project would construct Elm Avenue through the site, from El Camino Real westward to the western boundary . The connection between the Alanda project and the existing terminus at Donna Street would be made as development occurs on the now vacant land. Elm would be constructed to City standards for Secondary Arterials, which require a 64-foot pavement width within an 84-foot right-of-way. Five-foot wide sidewalks (not including curb widths) and a 4.5-foot wide graded parkway also·would be provided. Gradients would be from 0.5% to 10.0% per City guidelines. An approximate location for Elm Avenue, using City guidelines for turn radius, street gradients and intersection design, has been prepared by the City. The construction of this street would necessitate an as yet undeter mined amount of excavation and fill, and would result in an average slope easement on either side of the roadway of roughly 58 feet. The slope easement would be required for cut or fill slopes, since the 84-foot right-of-way must be relatively flat. The slope easements would be main tained by the property owner, while the right-of-way itself would be maintained by the City . 27 NASLAND ENGINEERING TABLE 3-1 AVERAGE DAILY TRIP VOLUMES IN THE PROJECT VICINITY Road/Ses;ment Caeacit,ll Count Date El Camino Real north of Chestnut )40,000 18,900 June 81 at Marron Road )40,000 20,000 Dec 80 south of Plaza Drive )40,000 19,200 Dec 80 north of Plaza Drive )40,000 29,950 Dec 80 Ridgecrest east of Seacrest <5,000 500 Sept 81 Seacrest east of Ridgecrest <5,000 666 Sept 81 Hosp Way (prior to extension) 5,000 2,000 Dec 77 Basswood east of Donna 5,000 1,260 Sept 81 Marron Road west of El Camino Real 20,000 10,260 Sept 79 east of El Camino Real 20,000 13,440 Sept 79 Chestnut Ave. west of El Camino Real 5,000 9,150 Dec 81 east of El Camino Real 5,000 5,000 Dec 81 lcapacity assumes that roads have been built to City standards for the classification given by the Circulation Element of the General Plan. Source: Carlsbad, 1983d. 28 .. • .. --..... .J ------------.. - ~ .. .. .. -.. -..: .. .. .. .. Ill .. .. • -' .. ' 11111111 ... - ... • \ ,.. ... ' .. .. .. .. 11111 ... .. ► .. .. .. .. -.. -lllt .. .. .. .. J.. NASLAND ENGINEERING TABLE 3-2 LEVELS OF SERVICE DEFINITION Levels of service define the traffic flow through intersections compared to capacity of the intersection. Six levels, designated A through F, from best to worst, ~over the entire range of traffic operations that may occur. !_--Free Flow: B--Stable Flow: -(Slight delay) £,--Stable Flow: (Acceptable) ,!?_--Approaching Unstable Flow: (Tolerable) E--Unstable Flow: -(Congestion; Intolerable Delay) F--Forced Flow: (Jammed) Level of service A describes a condition of free flow with low volumes and high speeds. Traffic density is low, with speeds controlled by driver desires, speed limits and physical roadway conditions. There is little or no re striction in manueverability due to the presence of other vehicles, and drivers experience little or no delay • Level of service B is in the zone of stable flow, with operating speeds beginning to be restricted somewhat by traffic conditions. Drivers still have reasonable freedom to select their speed and lane of operation. Reductions in speed are not unreasonable, with a low probablity of traffic flow being restricted . Level of service C is still in the zone of stable flow, but speeds and manueverability are more closely controlled by higher traffic volumes. Most drivers are restricted though a relatively satisfactory operating speed is still ob tained, with service volumes acceptable for urban design practice • Level of service D approaches unstable flow, with tolerable operating speeds being maintained though considerably af fected by changes in operating conditions. Drivers have little freedom to maneuver, and convenience is low, but conditions can usually be tolerated for short periods of time. Level of service E connot be described by speed alone, but represents operations at even lower operating speeds than level D, with volumes at or near capacity. Flow is unstable and traffic movements are very restricted. Level of service F describes forced flow operation at low speeds, where traffic is substantially above capacity • These conditions usually result in lengthy queueing of vehicles. Speeds are reduced substantially and stoppages may occur for short or long periods of time because of general congestion. In the extreme, both speed and volume can drop to zero. Source: National Academy of Sciences, 1965. 29 As required by the City Engineering Department, the project would also improve the western half of El Camino Real from the centerline of the roadway to the project boundary. Improvements would consist of the widening of the southbound lanes to three from the existing two, widening and raising the median, providing for a 300-foot long left turn pocket from southbound El Camino Real to eastbound Elm Avenue, and providing transition tapering as needed from the new wider roadway to the unchanged roadway off the site, Calculations made for the intersection of Elm Avenue and El Camino Real (included in Appendix 1) show that a traffic signal would be required. The project proponent would construct the needed signal, with left turn arrows from El Camino Real to Elm Avenue. Access to the project would be provided from Elm Avenue, Ridgecrest Drive or the Sheffler stub-out, and would not be available from El Camino Real. Access to Prime Major Arterials such as El Camino Real by driveways is not permitted by City policy. Though there are no plans at this time, it seems reasonable that the project would seek to utilize the existing stub-outs from Ridgecrest and Sheffler in the internal circulation system. Thus it is likely that a north/south street would connect Elm Avenue and the Sheffler project and that an east/west street would intersect with that and Ridgecrest Drive. Access to the apartment units would not require streets; rather, driveways would connect the apartments directly to Elm Avenue. Minimum spacing of intersections on Elm Avenue would be 600 feet. This should be considered during the design phase so that all properties fronting on Elm can have adequate access. Until the construction of a street through the project, so that project traffic would have two access points, the project must be considered a cul-de-sac. The City's policy concerning cul-de-sacs or single entrance subdivisions restricts the number of units which can be built until a second entrance is provided (Carlsbad, 1982b). For the Alanda project, it is likely that the proponent would phase development from north to south to correspond to development on the Development Consultants and the Sheffler projects north and south of the site respectively. Since access would not be available from 30 J J J J J j - - .. .. ... • ... .. "' .. "' 11111 "' .. "' .. - ,.. ' 111111 .. .. "' ' .. .. .. .. "' .. .. .... r ... ... ... El Camino Real, Elm Avenue would be constructed first, with the apartment units following, Development would then proceed southward, For this reason, Elm Avenue itself must be considered the first single entrance to the Alanda project. Under the City's policy, the following restrictions would apply: • The length along streets from entrance to most remote point does not exceed one mile, • Traffic volumes at the entrance do not exceed 3000 ADT, • Number of dwelling units does not exceed 120, and • A second access must be provided prior to project completion. These conditions would restrict the first phase of the Alanda project to 300 units. The remaining units could not be built until a second access point is constructed, either to Ridgecrest Drive or to the Sheffler project through the site, or the completion of Elm Avenue to the west. The project site is currently designated for Medium and Medium Low density residential development. Using generation rates developed by SANDAG of 10 trips per day per unit of single-family detached houses and 8 trips for multi-family attached units, the project site as currently shown by the General Plan would generate 2140 trips per day (SANDAG, 1981), Under the proposed GPA, the project site would generate up to 4200 trips per day, for an increase of 2060 trips per day. These calculations are shown on Table 3-3 . Using the existing street network including the links supplied by the project, and based on the area traffic generators, trips generated by the project are expected to be distributed as shown in Table 3-4. 50% of the trips generated by the project are expected to use El Camino Real as the major north/south transportation, Major east/west trips would utilize Marron Road. About 5% of the trips would use Ridgecrest Drive for the western connection, resulting in an increase in traffic of 210 trips per day, When the ultimate street network as planned by the City is constructed, including the Elm Avenue connection between 1-5 and El Camino Real, as well as the full buildout of the Sheffler project to the south, trips generated 31 NASLAND ENGINEERING TABLE 3-3 TRIP GENERATION FOR THE PROJECT SITE Maximum Number of Units Generation Existing Proposed Land Use Designations RM (4-10 du/a) RLM (0-4 du/a) TOTAL RMH (10-20 du/a) RLM (0-4 du/a) TOTAL TOTAL INCREASE PROPOSED 32 Permitted 80 150 230 400 100 500 270 Rate 8 per du 10 per du 8 per du 10 per du Number of Trips 640 1500 2140 3200 1000 4200 2060 J _j J J J J J J .. J J J ... .J 1111111 .. .. .. - .. 11111 .. .. .. .. • Ill -Ill .. .. ....- -.. Ill ' .. -.. .. .. .. .. I .. ... .. NASLAND ENGINEERING TABLE 3-4 DAILY TRIP DISTRIBUTION FROM THE PROJECT INTERIM STREET NETWOltK Roadway Elm Avenue (west) Elm Avenue (east) El Camino Real (north) El Camino Real (south) Ridgecrest Sheffler (south) Chestnut (east) Chestnut (west) Marron (east) Marron (west) Percent Distribution 0 2 25 25 5 0 2 10 6 25 TABLE 3-5 DAILY TRIP DISTRIBUTION FROM THE ULTIMATE STREET NETWORK Roadwaz Percent Distribution Elm Avenue (west) 35 Elm Avenue (east) 2 El Camino Real (north) 20 El Camino Real (south) 20 Ridgecrest 1 Sheffler (south) 5 Chestnut (east) 2 Chestnut (west) 3 Marron (east) 6 Marron (west) 6 33 Number of Trips 0 84 1050 1050 210 0 84 420 252 1050 PROJECT Number of Trips 1470 84 840 840 42 210 84 126 252 252 by the project would have a slightly different distribution (see Table 3-5). In this case, westbound traffic would utilize Elm Avenue almost completely, and only 1% of the trips would travel on Ridgecrest Drive, with an additional 3% on Chestnut. Traffic on Marron Road would be reduced as people would take advantage of the new westbound connection. The provision of a major east/west connection between El Camino Real to 1-5 caused by the completion of Elm Avenue would result in other traffic (non-project) using the roadway. Ultimate traffic on Elm Avenue, including the development on the Alanda site at the existing General Plan designations, is expected to be between 5,000 and 20,000 ADT, and the roadway has been planned with a capacity of 20,000 vehicles. Implementation of the project would increase traffic on Elm Avenue by about 1,000 ADT. Since this increase represents only about 5% of the total traffic expected on Elm Avenue, and the traffic volume would still be generally under capacity, this increase is not considered to be a significant impact. The project could add up to 2100 trips to El Camino Real and 504 trips to Chestnut Avenue, However, half of these trips would result from development at the existing land use designations, Thus, implementation of the proposed GPA would add 1050 trips to El Camino Real and 252 trips to Chestnut Avenue over what has already been planned for, The capacity of El Camino Real is sufficient to handle the additional trips and the impact of the project is not found to be significant, Chestnut Avenue is designated as a collector street by the Circulation Element, which normally is capable of handling up to 5,000 trips per day, Some segments of Chestnut now carry more than 9,000 trips, as shown on Table 3-1, Many of these trips are due to the fact that the major east/west connector (Elm Avenue) is not yet constructed, and traffic is utilizing alternate access, After Elm Avenue is constructed, traffic counts on Chestnut should decrease as vehicles use Elm for east/west travel, and the 252 trips generated by the project would be carried without impact, Thus, 34 J ,. 1 I .., J "" J J .., J "" J "'! Iii .., J -.... -<Iii .. .. .. ... .. I .. 1111! 111111 1111! ' .. .. 111111 .. .. ,."\ ◄ .j .. ' Iii "' .. .. .. 1111 "' .. "' Ill .. 1111 .. Ill "' .. -.. .. .. .. .. .. .. Ila .. .. ... "' ... I • Ill "" Ila the project is considered to have a short term impact on Chestnut Avenue, which would be eliminated with the completion of Elm Avenue between El Camino Real and I-5. Implementation of the project could provide a connection into the 8eacrest Estates neighborhood and could add up to 210 trips per day to Ridgecrest for a period of several years. After Elm Avenue is completed, project traffic would decrease to less than 50 cars per day. Ridgecrest has the physical capacity to handle up to about 4,000 trips per day, and would easily serve the traffic from the project in addition to its existing count of 500 ADT . For this reason, the increase of traffic on Ridgecrest in not considered to be significant. Another impact of the project which must be considered is that the construction of the Elm Avenue-Rising Glen-Ridgecrest connection would permit through traffic from El Camino Real to Ridgecrest. It seems reasonable that a certain amount of traffic would utilize this connection because the high school and cultural center on Chestnut and Monroe, and Plaza Camino Real each generate a substantial amount of traffic. It is not possible to accurately determine the number of vehicles that would use the connection, but it would likely be less than 50 cars. Again, these streets are considered to have adequate physical capacity for the additional traffic, and the impact is not considered significant. After the completion of Elm Avenue, the number of cars using the neighborhood connection would drop substantially . Project traffic would also contribute to traffic flow through intersections in the vicinity. ICUs prepared for Marron Road/El Camino Real (included in Appendix 1) show that the addition of project traffic to this intersection would not degrade the level of service from its current level of B • After full buildout of the pr_oject area, the level of service at with its existing design is expected to be unacceptable. this intersection would be needed to maintain a stable or flow. Project traffic would not affect this level. 35 this intersection Improvements to tolerable traffic The intersection at level of service of SR 78 and El F. The Camino Real addition of is currently operating project traffic would at a add incrementally to this existing traffic flow problem, but could not degrade the existing level. under construction, substantially. At However, after completion of improvements to SR 78 now it is probable that the level of service will improve this time, the effect of project traffic can not be evaluated, since it is not known how effective the improvements to SR 78 will be in alleviating the current problem. It must be noted that this impact would occur with any development on the project site, whether or not the proposed GPA and zone change are implemented. Summary of Impacts The following impacts have been determined: • An overall adverse but not significant impact to general traffic congestion in the project vicinity. • A short term impact on Chestnut Avenue. The additional traffic generated by the project would add to an already over-capacity situation. The completion of Elm Avenue to the west would eliminate this problem. • An adverse but not significant impact Seacrest Drives. The addition of 250 to Ridegecrest and trips to the 500/600 already carried by these streets would not create significant traffic problems. • A significant impact to the intersection of SR 78 and El Camino Real. The project would contribute to an already significant problem and must, according to CEQA, be considered significant. The improvements under construction at SR 78 will probably reduce this impact to insignificance but there is no way to evaluate this until the improvements have been completed. 36 J _, J J J J J J • -... .. ... .. -... ... ... ... Mitigation The project would provide the following traffic improvements which would mitigate the adverse contribution to overall traffic congestion: • The widening of the western portion of El Camino Real to City standards for a six lane Prime Major Arterial. • The construction of the western half of a signalized intersec tion at Elm Avenue and El Camino Real • The construction of Elm Avenue through the project site to City standards for a Secondary Arterial. The construction of Elm Avenue through the site would mitigate the signifi cant impact to Chestnut Avenue to insignificance by providing an alternate east/west connection between 1-5 and El Camino Real. However, the impact to Chestnut would remain until Chestnut is widened or until Elm Avenue is completed between the project site and Donna Street. The adverse impact to Ridgecrest Drive would be partially mitigated by the provision of an alternate access to Seacrest Estates. This would improve neighborhood circulation by providing a second access point to the neighbor hood, and allow Seacrest Estates residents an alternate means of circulation. The impact of the project on the intersection of SR 78 and El Camino Real would not be mitigable by the project proponent. This is a regional traffic problem which can only be mitigated by a regional effort from Caltrans and the Cities of Carlsbad and Oceanside • 37 B. GEOLOGY The following information is a summary of a technical report prepared by Geocon, Inc., a geological and soils research firm, contained in the EIR as Appendix 2. Existing Conditions Geology Their report is The site is underlain by the Eocene-aged Santiago Formation and four surficial deposits consisting of colluvium, alluvium, topsoil and possible landslide debris. Fill soils were also encountered in limited areas, Figure 3-2 shows the location of these various deposits. Santiago Formation: Whitish-gray sandstones and siltstones of the Santiago Formation were exposed along the bottom of the gullies within the lower portion of the site. This formation is widely known for its inherently weak claystone beds and generally requires slope stabilization measures for cut slopes in the clay-rich portions. As indicated on Figure 3-2, two suspected ancient landslides have been mapped within this formation. In addition to possessing relatively low shear strength, the more clayey portions of this formation are highly expansive and typically require selective grading or specially designed foundations. Colluvium: The colluvial deposits are typically composed of loose, porous, silty sands and clayey sands that have accummulated over wide sloping areas, such as along the existing drainages. Maximum thickness of colluvial deposits is usually 15 to 20 feet. These sediments are generally poorly consolidated and susceptible to settlement when subjected to an increase in vertical loads (i.e., the placement of fill or structures). Alluvium: Alluvial soils composed primarily of loose, clayey sands occur in the bottom of the eastern canyon along El Camino Real, The depth of these 38 ~ ~ , -• J -' ~ ~ J , ~ -J ~ J -~ J -• J -J -• ~ ~ -----◄ -~ • ~ ~ soils may exceed 25 feet and saturated conditions should be expected below 20 feet, During the wet season, however, nearly total saturation is likely to develop for a limited period. Topsoil: The majority of the site was found to be covered by loose topsoils. In general, the topsoils possess moderate to high expansion potential and average about two feet in thickness. Fill Soils: Fill soils located on the site are limited to the El Camino Real embankment along the eastern property boundary, All fill soils on the site should be considered uncompacted and not capable of supporting vertical loads without remedial measures, Ancient Landslides: As shown on Figure 3-2, the northeastern two-thirds of the property are suspected of being the site of an ancient landslide, The characteristic features ·have nearly been obliterated by erosion. In addi tion, several other smaller landslides are suspected within the project limits, based on topographic features and the ebserved exposures of disturbed formational soils. These smaller slides are also shown on Figure 3-2. Groundwater: Although groundwater was not encountered during field investi- gation, each of the geologic units and surficial deposits on the site have permeabvility characteristics and/or fracture systems that could be suscep tible under certain conditions to water seepage, Saturated conditions are known to exist in the major drainage on the eastern boundary; these may require special consideration prior to construction, Perched water was encountered during previous geotechnical investigations within the upper portion of the property at various depths in the borings from 15 to 50 feet below existing ground levels. This condition is believed to be related to landscape irrigation within the nearby subdivision. Faulting and Seismicity: The site does not appear to be located on any known fault trace. The nearest known active fault is the Elsinore Fault located 40 I ..... NASLAND ENGINEERING Qol LEGEND QQf _______ F ILL Q/s.r----LANDSLIDE Qo/.------ALLUVIUM Qc ________ ,COLLUVIUM Ts ..•••• _.SANTIAGO l'OIIMATION NORTH NO SCALI · GEOLOGIC RESOURCES ON THE PROJECT SITE 39 FIGURE 3-2 -• .. - -- -.. -.. ( approximately 23 miles to the northeast. The site could be subjected to moderate to severe ground shaking in the event of a major earthquake along any of Southern California's active faults. However, the seismic risk at the site is not significantly greater that that of the surrrounding developments and the Carlsbad area in general. Topography The site consists of gently to steeply sloping hillside terrain with elevations ranging from a high of about 300 feet above mean sea level on the southwestern property line to a low of about 100 feet at the northern corner. Natural drainage is now accomplished through a generally northeast-trending network of ravines and ultimately through the main canyon which borders the .property along the east. The slopes on the site are considered fairly steep, as shown on Table 3-6. More than 85% of the site has a slope gradient greater than 25%, and less than one acre is flatter than 10% slope. TABLE 3-6 SLOPE GRADIENTS ON THE PROJECT SITE Sloee Gradient Acreage Percent of the Site 0-10% 0.2 0.4 10-25% 6.0 12.8 )25% 40.8 86.8 TOTAL 47.0 100.0 Carlsbad does not have a Hillside Ordinance to regulate grading on hillsides, other than the Grading Ordinance. The only hillside guidelines for property within the city boundaries are in the Local Coastal Plan for the Coastal Zone (which does not include the project site), and which prohibit grading of hillsides over 25% slope. 41 Impact Geology The possible presence of ancient landslides on the site could severely affect the potential for development on the site. If landslides were determined to be present, buttresses would have to be constructed at the toe of the slides to prevent further sliding. Due to the size of the large-scale slide, the buttress, or retaining wall, would have to be a massive structure that may require El Camino Real to be moved eastward. All material underneath building pads and roadways would have to be recompacted, since landslide debris is usually fairly loose material, and might not be able to support vertical loads. Thus, if the large-scale landslide is present, development on the site might be precluded. Since this EIR does not address the Specific Plan, additional analysis will be necessary when a Plan has been formulated for the site. The three smaller suspected slides in the lower elevations of the site, if they are determined to be present, would necessitate similar measures, but on a smaller, more manageable scale. They could also be easily avoided, by using cluster arrangement of structures, and leaving landslide areas in open space. Nevertheless, unless proper measures are taken, the landslides could have a significant impact on future development of the site. The presence of weak claystones in the Santiago Formation would require special grading and foundation design since the claystones may not be able to support development. Development within the major drainage along El Camino Real would require removal and recompaction of substantial deposits of potentially compressible colluvium/alluvium. In addition, the presence of shallow groundwater could inhibit removal and recompaction operations as well as necessitating an extensive subdrain system. 42 J -1 I .. J ~ J J ~ J ~ J ~ ~ J -4 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' • .. • .. • .. ~ ~ • -, • .. ~ .. .. - -.. .. .. .. The upper reaches of tributary drainages may be developed, and would require minimal remedial grading, The potentially compressible colluvial/alluvial deposits typically decrease in thickness and extent with an increase in elevation, Without remedial grading, however, there would be a significant impact to future development, Based on the existing geologic conditions on the site and the economic feasibility of measures which might be necessary to permit development, it is determined that d~velopment above the 200-foot contour would encounter the fewest geotechnical problems. Topography and Grading The topography of the site would require extensive grading to permit development of any kind. The proposed GPA would permit development density up to 20 du/a in multiple family structures, These structures are large and generally need large, flat pads for foundations, to be extensively graded to construct these pads. The Alanda site would have In the southern part of the site, the single family houses would require less earth movement overall, but grading would still be substantial. Certain measures, discussed below in Mitigation, could reduce the amount of grading required, However, due to the steepness of the site and the size of buildings generally used in multiple family construction, the impact of the project on topography is considered to be highly significant. For more discussion of grading and its appearance, please see Section 111-D, Visual Resources • Mitigation In order to determine the presence of ancient landslides on the site, it is recommended that a detailed soil and geologic investigation addressing the existence of the suspected landslide areas be performed, The study should be 43 prepared to the satisfaction of the City Engineer, and should be conducted prior to any land use change. It is recommended that development be located above the 200-foot contour to avoid potential impacts from saturated soils and poorly compacted colluvium/ alluvium in the lower elevations, particularly along the drainage next to El Camino Real. For preliminary design purposes, it is recommended that all cut and fill slopes be planned at 2:1 (horizontal/vertical) or flatter. Potential impacts from the poorly compacted colluvium/alluvium in the upper reaches of the tributary ravines should be mitigated by remedial grading. Manufactured slopes should be provided with an erosion resistant ground cover and a well designed and maintained irrigation system as soon as practical to reduce the erosion potential. Hydrology and Drainage. This is discussed further in Section III-F, Significant impacts to the topography of the site could be reduced by sensitive site design which would utilize all possible measures to keep grading to a minimum. Such measures include clustered development, split level houses, split streets, reduced roadway widths, reduced setbacks and tucked-under parking for UDJltiple unit buildings. Implementation of these measures would reduce impacts to topography, but not to a level of insignificance. Because of the steepness of the site, reduction to insig nificance is not possible with development of any kind. 44 .. .l -1 , J J .., ... ""' ... J ... ' .. .., ..I -<Ill .., J .., ' .. .., .. "Ill i 11111 "Ill .. ""' .. , ◄ " 1111 J ,.. .... ... • - .. - -... .. - ... ... - .. , ... C. LAND USE COMPATIBILITY Existing Conditions The project site is currently vacant and used for passive open space uses, such as walking and birdwatching. There is a temporary apiary in the north central part of the site. Several narrow dirt roads cross the site, and Rising Glen Road, a one-lane paved road connects Ridgecrest Drive with El Camino Real. On the west, the site nearly surrounds but does not include a horse ranch, known as Dr. White's ranch (see Figure 2-2). Along the western boundary, the site is adjacent to Seacrest Estates, a single-family subdivision. To the north, an approved project is being developed by Development Consultants for apartment buildings. This land has been graded and utilities partially installed. South, the Sheffler project for single family homes and condo- miniums has been approved but no work has begun. Eastward, the site is bordered by El Camino Real, a four-lane divided road which is planned for primary arterial standards, and which will be widened to six lanes in the future. Beyond the roadway, along Catalina and Appian Roads, there are more single family houses. North of Elm Avenue across El Camino Real, a commercial office development is under construction, and Tanglewood, a condominium development, is being built. The site is currently designated for RLM (low-medium density) residential development, which permits up to 4 du/a. The northern approximately 8 acres is designated for RM (medium density), which allows 4-10 du/a. Impact The project proposes to amend the General Plan to allow increased density in residential development on the site. Designations on the southern part, about 27 acres, would remain unchanged, while designations on the northern part, about 20 acres, would be changed to RMI!, to allow up to 20 du/a. 45 The northern portion of the site, with the proposed increase in density, would be adjacent to single family houses with a density of about 3 du/a on the west and apartment development with a density of about 19 du/a on the north, To the east, across El Camino Real, is the office commercial development under construction. The proposed development is considered to be compatible with the Development Consultant project, since the land uses and densities of the two projects would be similar, Office commercial land uses are not always compatible with residential uses because office commercial uses attract more traffic and generate more noise than might be compatible with residences. In this case, future development on the Alanda site would be separated from the office commercial by the width of El Camino Real, and a certain width of buffer on the site for noise impacts, The width of this buffer has not be about 150 feet from El Camino Real yet been determined, but it would (see III-E, Noise). These two provisions are considered to adequately separate the residential development from the office commercial. Residential uses of different densities are not always compatible with each other since higher density uses may create more traffic, more noise, and generally a greater intensity of land use than lower density development, liigher density uses usually develop a greater percentage of the land available and there is less visual open space for landscaping, These aspects have been evaluated in Sections III-D (Visual Quality), III-E (Noise), and III-A (Traffic), For the Alanda project, since the exact boundary of the higher density area has not yet been determined, it is not possible to fully evaluate the compatibility of land uses, and this is considered to be a potentially significant issue, 46 J ~ -J j ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ J ... • ~ - ... • ... J -4 ... J ... ~ ... ' ~ ~ l • , • ... - ~ • ~ ' • • ... - .. ... .. • - -.. ... -- -.. .. -► -.. The single family RLM (0-4 du/a) designation on the southern part of the site, which would remain unchanged, is adjacent to existing single family houses on the west, and across El Camino Real to the east. To the south, the Sheffler development will construct single family houses at a similar density (about 2.7 du/a). Since this portion of the project site would be surrounded by similar density residential development, the RLM designation is considered to be compatible with adjacent land uses. Mitigation The higher density (up to 20 du/a) development allowed by the RMB designation proposed by the project may not be compatible with existing single family houses to the west or the proposed single family houses in the southern part of the site. For this reason, it is recommended that RM!! development be separated from single family, lower density houses both on and off the site by a buffer zone. This buffer should be defined in the Specific Plan to .the satisfaction of the City Planning staff, and should be at least 100 feet wide and landscaped to screen the higher density uses. The implementation of such a buffer would result in the avoidance of the potentially significant impact associated with land use compatibility • 47 D. VISUAL QUALITY Existing Conditions The project site is mostly vacant and has a rural appearance. Vegetation consists primarily of grassland with scattered shrubs and eucalyptus trees. The trees are concentrated in the southern part of the site, and there is a smaller grove in the northwestern area by the western corner. Dr. White's horse ranch, not a part of the site, is located on the top of a knoll in the western central area, and is visible to surrounding viewers, adding to the rural appearance. The topography over the majority of the site is steeply sloping. Table 3-6 shows the slope gradients of the site. the site has a gradient of less than 10%. It can be seen that less than 1% of More than 85% of the site has a gradient greater than 25%. This is also discussed in Section 111-B, Geology/Grading/Topographic Alteration. The site is part of an east-facing slope rising up from El Camino Real to the single family development of Seacrest, which adjoins the site on the west. A natural appearing drainage containing trees and other types of riparian vegetation parallels El Camino Real through a portion of the site. The drainage is tributary to Buena Vista Creek and Lagoon (this is discussed more completely in Section III-F, Hydrology). The general east-facing slope is cut by smaller tributary drainages. Views from the higher elevations of the site, along the western boundary and at the top of a knoll on the northern boundary, are extensive, and include portions of the Buena Vista Valley and associated development to the north and hills of San Marcos and Escondido to the east. Views from the lower elevations of the site along El Camino Real are constrained by topography and consist primarily of other portions of the site and land across El Camino Real to the east. 48 J , • I ~ ' - ~ ~ ~ J ""' • J , ~ ~ J -4 ""' ' ~ ~ ~ ""' - ""' ' • j ""' • , ~ -' • ~ ""' • .. - .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -.. .. .. .. .. 1111 -.. .. .. ► .. "" - The site is located in a rapidly developing area of the City, and examples of this development can be seen is all directions from the site, To the north, large flat graded pads of the Development Consultants apartment project can be clearly seen, with the commercial and office development of Plaza Camino Real beyond, To the east, across El Camino Real, several projects are currently under construction and are clearly visible, including a commercial office building adjacent to Elm Avenue extension and condominiums on the hill behind the commercial area, South of Elm Avenue extension, single family houses can be seen, along Appian Road, Catalina Drive, Lafayette Court and Garibaldi Place, To the west, a row of single family houses on Ridgecrest Drive, Camden Circle and Meadowlark Lane are clearly visible from the site . on the To the south, land is undeveloped, and eucalyptus trees and grassland property continue the rural appearance of the project site, development on this property has been approved, and will consist However, of condos and single family houses, As part of this development, many of the eucalyptus trees on the property will be removed, The horse ranch, located in the western center part of the project site, is located on a hill and can be seen clearly from almost all areas of the site . Views of the site are possible from much of the surrounding development . Particularly good views are available from the horse ranch; the houses on the eastern side of Ridgecrest Drive, Camden Circle and and Meadowlark Lane; the houses on the northern and western sides of Catalina, Appian Road, Lafayette Court and Garibaldi Place; and from El Camino Real, The site can also be seen from the Tanglewood condominium development currently under construction to the east across El Camino Real and from the office and commercial buildings immediately adjacent to El Camino Real, When construction is completed on the properties to the north and south of this project site, residents of buildings close to the project site should also have excellent views of the site, El Camino Real is listed as number 2 on the City's master list of Eligible Scenic Routes (Carlsbad, 1975a). This list includes, in order of priority, 49 local routes that the City has reviewed and found to be worthy of further study. However, as of this time, El Camino Real has not been designated a Scenic Highway (Klukas, 1983). The site is part of a linear strip of open space and vacant land along El Camino Real. However, the development of parcels adjacent to the site would result in the loss of much of this now-vacant land between Plaza Camino Real and Chestnut Avenue. After construction of projects which have already been approved in this area, the project site and a small area of extremely steep land east of El Camino Real at Appian Road would remain as the only undeveloped lands along this section of El Camino Real. El Camino Real is the subject of a discussion paper by the City's Research and Analysis Group (Carlsbad, 1983b). This paper describes the corridor and recommends specific guidelines which should be followed to preserve the character of the corridor through full build-out. The paper has not been reviewed by either the Planning Commission or the City Council; hearings have been scheduled to occur during July and August, 1983, The discussion paper includes the project site in Areal (SR 78 to Chestnut Avenue). Since the site is up-slope from the roadway (higher than street grade), the nearest 300 feet to the road are contained in the corridor. Guidelines concerning landscaping, street lighting, signs and bus benches are given, The paper also discusses specific recommendations concerning Area 1, as listed in Table 3-7. It should be noted that the paper has not been certified or approved by the City and is in draft form at this time. Impact While no site plans have been prepared as yet, it is possible to describe the general effect that development would have. However, it should be noted that sensitive site and grading design could greatly reduce impacts associated with the project. By the same token, a project which does not seriously 50 , ~ ~ ! • } i ~ ... J ~ ~ , - ~ ~ ~ • ~ --4 J ~ i - ~ - ~ ~ J , - ~ ◄ -' • - ~ 1 - ,,, .. \ jlll .. -.. Ill Ill ,.. .. .. 1111 .. .. • -.. -.. ,. .. NASLAND ENGINEERING TABLE 3-7 SPECIFIC DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR AREA 1 (INCLUDING THE PROJECT SITE) ACCORDlNG TO THE EL CAMINO REAL CORRIDOR DISCUSSION PAPER 1. Design theme: 2. Median breaks: 3. Sidewalks: 4. Signs: 5. Height: 6. Grading: 7. Setback from roadway: 8. Street furniture: 9. Streetlight spacing: 10. Roof equipment: 11. Land uses: Old California/Hispanic Only at major intersections City standard--entire length, both sides of street Wall signs only; wood; externally lighted Maximum 35 feet from pad grade No cut or fill exceeding 15 feet from original grade Residential: upslope: 25 feet plus 15 feet from top of slope One style of wrought iron or wood, or a combination City standard No roof equipment shall be visible No change from existing Land Use Plan Source: Carlsbad, 1983b • 51 consider the visual impact and takes a cavalier approach to landscaping and site design could severely increase impacts to visual resources, The project site is currently designated for single family development and no change is proposed for the southern portion of the site. Thus, impacts from development of this part of the site would occur with any project in conformance with the General Plan, and are not considered unique to this project, Impacts can still be considered significant, as the mere confor- mance to the General Plan does not preclude environmental effects, Implementation of the proposed project would result in the replacement of the current open, rural appearance with a developed, urban appearance. In the northern part of the site, the proposed multiple family dwellings would have a density of up to 20 du/a and would require large buildings with large, flat pads. It is likely that the proposed project would be similar in appearance to the project under construction immediately to the north, The topography would be reduced to a series of pads stepped up the hill, and extensive grading would probably be necessary, According to the zone regulations, the apartment buildings could than three stories. The lower part of each building would be no higher probably be screened by landscaping. Parking lots would probably be located adjacent to El Camino Real for noise considerations, and would probably be partly screened by landscaping, The southern part of the site, developed with single family houses, would probably appear similar to existing development in the steeper sections of Seacrest or along Catalina or Appian Road. Again, grading would necessarily be extensive due to the topography of the site and houses would be up and down the slopes in a series of step-like pads. Most construction on this part of the site would result in the removal of arranged likely, most of the eucalyptus trees and riparian vegetation at the southern and southeastern corner. 52 J / , J ~ ~ ~ J J , • ~ ~ J ~ ~ -4 J ... ~ ... ' ~ ~ , ~ ... J ~ ~ , 4 ~, • , - J .. .. .. - -... .. .. - - .. .. .. - The extension of Elm Avenue would be a four-lane divided roadway similar to that on the east side of El Camino Real. It would require an 84-foot graded right-of-way, and would necessitate an as-yet undetermined amount of excava tion and fill. The roadway would result in the grading of manufactured slopes an average of 58-foot wide on either side of the right-of-way. This roadway would be clearly visible from the surrounding area, though views from some areas would probably be partly screened by intervening structures on the project site. Views from El Camino Real From El Camino Real, the view of the northern part of the site would probably consist of a manufactured slope, landscaped with natives and natural vegetation, which would partially screen the parking lots beyond. Above the parking lots, the large multi-family apartment buildings would be separated by manufactured slopes. The southern part of the site, designated for single family development, would probably be screened from travellers on El Camino Real by vegetation along the roadway. Landscaping within the development would be more varied, with more exotic and ornamental plants rather than native and naturalized. Graded pads would be smaller, and lots would step up the hillside . The development of the site would result in the loss of one of the few remaining areas of open space along El Camino Real. This is considered an adverse impact of the project. However, since the appearance of the site from El Camino Real would be very similar to existing developments in that section of the roadway, and the roadway is not designated as a scenic highway, this is not considered a significant impact. It should be noted that, as discussed above, if development plans are not particularly for the multi-family area of the site, impacts could result • 53 designed sensitively, significant adverse Views from Ridgecrest Drive, Meadowlark Lane and Camden Circle Approximately 20 houses along Meadowlark Lane, Camden Circle and Ridgecrest Drive adjoin the project site, These houses are all located at a higher elevation than the site, and thus would all overlook the proposed develop- ment. Those houses to the south would probably be adjacent to single family development, while those to the north could adjoin apartment buildings, In any case, the existing development would look down a manufactured slope from 25 to 50 feet high with a slope ratio of 2:1, Proposed houses or apartment buildings would probably be located close to the toe of the slope; there would probably be little space for yards, as most open areas would consist of manufactured slopes, There would thus be a possibility that, unless the proposed development is carefully designed and located on lots, existing houses would be able to see into windows of future structures, This is considered to be a potentially adverse impact. Single family houses of the project would probably be one or two stories high, Because of the change in elevation between proposed and existing houses, and the amount of grading needed, it is likely that one story houses would be low enough so as not to block views from existing development, However, two story houses may be high enough to interfere with views from existing structures. In addition, future landscape vegetation, particularly trees, could also block views from existing structures, It must be noted, however, that without a definite site and grading plan, it is not possible to precisely evaluate this issue. Multiple family structures could be up to three stories in height, according to the zoning regulations. This could result in the obstruction of views from those houses on Meadowlark Lane and Ridgecrest Drive along the northern section of the site. the western corner of In particular, the the project site 54 several houses immediately next to could be affected, This would ~ J -, I J ~ J J • I ~ J ~ ' • J -4 ~ ~ • J • j • • ~ • • • ~ ~ ◄ ' ~ ~ • --- .. - • -• -• -• - • • ---► I • - ... considered a significant impact, Again, it it is not possible to completely evaulate this issue without design plans. View from Dr, White's Property The horse ranch owned by Dr, White and located in the center of the site, is adjoined on all sides by the project site and would be virtually surrounded by development if the project is implemented. The visual quality of the ranch area would be significantly affected if the now-vacant grassland and eucalyptus trees were replaced by development, Views from the ranch could be severely constrained by development, particularly to the north, where the taller, three-story apartment buildings are proposed, Due to the elevation of the ranch area, views to the north of the Buena Vista Valley would probably still be possible over the future buildings. of the viewshed would be reduced, However, the quality It should be noted thst any development of the project site would signifi cantly alter the aesthetic quality of the views from the horse ranch, The proposed GPA and zone change would increase the severity of the impact because larger buildings. would be permitted and more grading would be required, View from Appian Road, Catalina Drive, Lafayette Court and Garibaldi Place Views from residences on the eastern and northern sides of these streets and cul-de-sacs would be affected by implementation of the proposed project, again, because the existing natural appearing land would be replaced with urban development, El Camino Real, About 25 houses have excellent views of the site across However, these residences are separated by distance and the roadway from the project site, and impacts would be of less magnitude than for the residences on the western side of the site. Views from the houses on Catalina Drive and the terminus of Appian Road would be most affected, Viewsheds from these houses now include a relatively large 55 area of eucalyptus trees on the so~thern end of the project site and on the Sheffler property, Many of the trees on the Sheffler site will be removed when the condominiums and single family houses in this approved project are constructed, The loss of the trees on the Alanda site would contribute to the loss of quality to the viewshed, However, due to the distance to the houses, the impact to the viewshed is considered adverse but not significant. Other Visual Considerations Future buildings on the project site would not block solar access to any existing developments since the elevation of the site is lower than that of the existing houses. For the same reason, future development would not have good views into yards or windows of existing houses. Summary of Impacts Implementation of the proposed project would result in the following impacts: • An adverse but not significant impact to the visual quality of El Camino Real; • A potentially significant impact to project residents because of the possibility of clear views from existing development into backyards and windows of project structures (this cannot be fully evaluated at this time since there are no grading and site plans); • A potentially significant impact to existing residents on Ridgecrest Drive, Camden Court and Meadowlark Lane because of the possibility that views would be blocked by project structures and landscaping; • A significant impact to the quality of the view from the horse ranch; and • An adverse but not significant impact to the quality of the views from existing houses on Catalina Drive and Appian Road. 56 ... J .. • • .. .. -.. -.... .. ... f Mitigation Impacts to overall visual quality could be reduced by sensitive grading design and appropriate site design. Grading design is discussed in greater detail in Section III-B, Geology/Grading/Topography. However, measures such as contour grading, clustering of single-family units (to allow areas of the site to remain undisturbed), stepping of apartment buildings (rather than one large building on one flat pad), use of split level streets, and reduced graded street widths, would However, this impact cannot all help to reduce the general visual impact. be reduced to insignificance except by the No-Development Alternative, discussed in Section IV-A, The potentially significant impact to views from houses on Ridgecrest, Meadowlark and Camden Court would be reduced to insignificance by designing the site so that the taller buildings are closer to El Camino Real and one-story buildings are located on the eastern part of the site. This would help to prevent blocking of views from existing houses, Landscaping should be should be designed so that plants are tall enough to screen buildings from view of the existing houses but not tall enough to interfere with views of Buena Vista Valley, Site design should take into consideration the possibility of views into windows from existing units east of the site, and locate structures to preclude this possibility, and/or design landscaping to screen such views. The adverse impact to views from houses on Catalina and Appian Road could be mitigated by a site design which would allow the eucalyptus trees to remain undisturbed, However, due to the necessity of connecting the project street with the Sheffler project, it may be necessary to disturb the eucalyptus trees regardless of site design, Thus, it may not be possible to mitigate this impact except by the No-Development Alternative, 57 The significant impact to views from the horse ranch and the adverse impact to views from El Camino Real would be caused by any development of the site and can only be mitigated by the No-Development Alternative. 58 J ~ 1 J ~ ' ~ J ""' ~ , ~ ~ ' ' ~ ""' J ""' ~ -~ .. • .. • .. • .. • .. ~ ""' • .. ◄ ~ • .. ' • .. • .. .. .. .. 1111 .. .. 11111 "" .. -... 1111 .. Ill .. Ill .. -.. -.. ... 1111 ... I .. ,,. ... E. NOISE Existing Conditions The only major noise source near to the project site is El Camino Real, a four-lane divided road which serves as the site's approximate eastern border . Other roadways in the vicinity are too far removed from the site and do not have sufficient traffic to be noise sources. The site is more than three miles north of Palomar Airport and is not considered to be affected by airport noise. Noise from El Camino Real is traffic-related and varies with the width of the roadway and the amount of traffic. Currently, El Camino Real is a four-lane road divided by an 18-foot median, and average daily traffic (ADT) was 18,900 in 1982 (SANDAG, 1983). Ultimately (the year 2000), the City has designated El Camino Real to be six lanes with an 18-foot median to carry more than 40,000 ADT (Carlsbad, 1975b). tion. Noise calculations are based on this informa- Noise calculations are included in Appendix 3 and were made using the model developed by Wyle Laboratories for San Diego County (SANDAG, 1973). The noise scale used in the analysis is the Day-Night Average Sound Level (Ldnl• This is a time-weighted level which gives more weight to noises occuring during the night (10 p.m. to 7 a.m.) when people are more sensitive, and which correlates overall sound pressure levels with the frequency of the human ear. The Noise Element of the General Plan does not define what levels are considered acceptable for different land uses (Carlsbad, 1975c). The noise levels used in this analysis are therefore based on the Environmental Noise Policy developed by the San Diego Association of Governments, which states that an Ldn of 60 decibels (dB(A)) is "clearly compatible" and that an Ldn of 65 dB(A) is "normally compatible" with residential uses (SANDAG, 1974). 59 California state law requires chat interior noise levels for residences be less than 45 dB(A). Since a normally constructed exterior wall attenuates exterior noise levels by 15 to 20 dB(A), an exterior level of 60 dB(A) is normally needed to assure that interior noise requirements are met (San Diego County, 1975). The Environmental Noise Policy also gives guidelines for noise levels in outdoor recreational areas such as playgrounds and neighborhood parks. For these uses, noise levels of between 55 and 65 dB(A) are considered normally acceptable, while levels below 55 dB(A) are considered clearly acceptable. Figure 3-3 shows the location of noise contours on the site from the existing noise from El Camino Real as well as predictions for noise contours for the future (year 2000). Currently, a noise level of 65 dB(A) is found about 65 feet from the centerline of the nearest traffic lane of El Camino Real; people closer to the roadway than 65 feet would be subject to noise levels greater than 65 dB(A). The City has determined that about 40,000 ADT would use El Camino Real by the year 2000, and that the roadway would be widened to six lanes. For this larger, more travelled roadway, noise levels would be higher and it is predicted that the 65 dB(A) contour would extend further into the site (150 feet). feet into the site. The 60 dB(A) contour would be located about 360 Noise levels on the site would vary somewhat with topography. Generally, when the roadway is of lower elevation than the adjacent property, noise levels are slightly reduced. Since no seemed reasonable to use the worst-case calculated for level ground. Thus, it site plans are as yet available, it philosophy, and noise contours were must be noted that noise contours probably do not extend as far into the site as shown on Figure 3-3. Impact There are two major noise impacts associated with the proposed project. One would be the effect of the traffic noise from El Camino Real on future 60 J , -4 I J J J , • .. J .. ' ~ .. ~ ~ ~ .. ' ~ , ~ .. J .. • .. I ~ .. • .. ~ -~ • • ~ ' • .. i-. -.. -l .. -.. .. .. .. 1111 -.. ,. ~ ,. 11111 1111 Ill ~ ... ,. • .. • ---- 1111 .. -... .. .. I ~ 1111 .. .. NASLAND ENGINEERING NOISE CONTOURS ON THE PROJECT SITE 61 r FIGURE 3-3 residences. The other would be the effect of the project on existing development in the vicinity. Traffic Noise from El Camino Real The project could add up to 1680 AOT to traffic on El Camino Real; this would increase the noise level by less included in the total of 40,000 ADT than 1 dB(A). Project traffic used in the above calculations would not affect the location of the 65 dB(A) contour. has been and thus Traffic noise from El Camino Real would be incompatible with residential uses on the project site closer than 150 feet from the centerline of the nearest lane of the roadway, the approximate location of the 65 dB(A)B contour from future traffic. Residential uses on the site between 150 feet and 360 feet from the roadway would be subject to exterior noise levels between 60 and 65 dB(A). Without approporiate attenuation measures, such as insulation and double glazed windows, interior noise levels in this area could be greater than 45 dB(A) and could thus be in conflict with California state law. Residences located further than 360 feet from the roadway would not experience significant noise levels. If outdoor recreation areas are planned for the project, these uses should also be located further than 150 feet from the roadway, out of the 65 dB(A) contour. This would avoid significant noise impacts. Provided that appropriate building setback requirements and guidelines for measures to attenuate interior noise levels are included in the Specific Plan to be developed for the project, there would not be a significant impact from traffic noise on El Camino Real. If residences were located closer than 360 feet to El Camino Real, significant impacts could result from traffic noise. 62 J ,,. 1 ' J J J J J ... j ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J ... ~ ... -, • ... ' ~ ... ~ ... ; • ----1 ' • ~ ~ • ... - - .. .. •• .. -f Noise Generated by the Project The project site would generate noise during and after construction. After construction, noise would not be greater than that which is normally found in residential neighborhoods, and is not considered to be an adverse effect. However, construction noises associated with the project would be substantial and would have a significant impact on surrounding neighborhoods. Table 3-8 lists noise levels associated with construction equipment, The normal hours for construction operations are usually between 7 a.m. and 4 p,m. However, if a worst-case assumption is made (work between 7 a.m. and 7 p,m,), noise levels could be as high as 81 dB(A) within 50 feet and up to 70 dB(A) within 200 feet of the construction vehicles. If grading is conducted over the entire site in one operation, machines would probably be in operation from four to six months. However, it is much more likely that the project would be phased in two or three separate operations. In this case, grading for each phase would take two or three months, and the phases might be one or two years apart, The foundation·construction activities would occur over a period of two to four months, depending on the size of the structures, and would also probably be phased over several years. Noise levels could be as high as 76 dB(A) within SU feet and up to 64 dB(A) within 100 feet of the noise sources. Finishing operations on the proposed residential structures are not expected to generate noise significantly above normal levels, Due to the size of the project site, the severity of noise impacts from construction would depend on the proximity of receptors to the noise sources. Those residences (in Seacrest Estates and in the first phases of the Alanda project) within 50 feet would be significantly affected. Buildings at a further distance or those separated from the noise source by intervening structures would be affected to a lesser extent . 63 NASLAND ENGINEERING TABLE 3-8 NOISE LEVELS OF GRADING AND CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Noise Source Bulldozer Dump Truck Equipment Trucks Concrete Trucks Pickup Truck~ Flat Bed Trucks Noise Levels at 50 Feet dB(A) 83 84 70 85 70 81 Operation Grading Earth Movement Personnel and Equipment Foundation Construction Personnel and Equipment Construction Materials and Equipment Source: U.S. EPA, 1971, Transportation Noise and Noise from Equipment Powered by Internal Combustion Engines, EPA MT 10300.13. 64 J ' J J J J J J J .. .. -• - ----- .. ... Approximately 25 residences along the east side of Ridgecrest Drive, Camden Court and Meadowlark Lane are within 50 feet of the project site and would be significantly affected by construction noise, Residents of houses behind the row of dwellings adjacent to the site, and of houses east of El Camino Real would generally not be significantly affected because of greater distance from the noise source and the shielding effects of the intervening struc tures. In addition, future residents of the Development Consultants project north and the Sheffler project to the south of the site could significantly affected, depending on the construction scheduling respective projects, to the also be of the The affect of noise on residents of dwellings within 50 feet of the site is considered to be a significant, short-term impact of the project. High noise levels would be limited to daytime periods and would occur over relatively short periods of four to six months. Construction noise may be perceived as an annoyance to residents, but nightime noise levels would not be raised, Mitigation Impacts due to traffic noise from El Camino Real would be avoided by requiring buildings and playgrounds to be setback 150 feet from the centerline of the nearest lane of the roadway. In addition, the Specific Plan should include guidelines to require noise attenuation measures in residences located from 360 to 150 feet from the centerline of the nearest lane, to guarantee that interior noise levels are 45 dB(A) or less in conformance with California state law. The contractor should _conform to City of Carlsbad regulations concerning noise and construction practice to muffle heavy equipment, Construction activities should be limited to weekdays between the hours of 7 a,m, and 7 p,m, However, short term impacts cannot be mitigated to insignificance except by the No-Development Alternative, discussed in Section IV, Alterna tives . 65 F. HYDROLOGY AND DRAINAGE Existing Conditions Project Site The project site consists of a portion of a drainage basin tributary to Buena Vista Creek and Lagoon. The steep, east-facing slopes of the site drain to a north-flowing drainage on the eastern portion of the site. The drainage is natural through the southern half of the site; at approximately the Elm Avenue/El Camino Real intersection, the drainage leaves the site and has been channeled into the underground storm drain system crossing under El Camino Real and the Plaza Camino Real shopping center. Buena Vista Lagoon at the shopping center. The storm drain opens to The project site is vegetated with grassland and low scrub. Some minor gullying has occurred along tributary drainages, but in general, the hillside does not show evidence of erosion. The on-site drainage contains water during or immediately following prolonged or heavy rainfall and when nearby developed property is irrigated. There were no springs or seepage areas observed on the site. There are no wells on the site and the site does not contribute recharge to any local groundwater basin. The development plans for the approved Sheffler project immediately south of the site show the construction of a storm drain along El Camino Real which would exit from the ground in a culvert on the southeastern corner of the Alanda site. A rock energy dissipator would be placed at the outlet to help dissipate the force of water flowing through the drain and help to reduce potential erosion from the Sheffler project. In addition, there is an existing storm drain which crosses under El Camino Real at the southern corner of the site that drains the existing single 66 ~ ~ -1 I J J J , • ~ J ~ 1 • ~ ~ -~ ~ J ~ ' ~ , • ~ 1 - ~ • ~ J ~ ~ ~ 1 j - ~ ' • .. ... -- .. .. .. .. • I - family houses along Appian and Catalina Roads. Water from this drain exits the storm drain at the southern corner of the Alanda site. Buena Vista Creek The Buena Vista Creek watershed contains about 25 square miles in the Cities of Vista, Oceanside and Carlsbad. The creek drains almost due west from its origination in the San Marcos Mountains through Marron Canyon and into Buena Vista Lagoon. Beuna Vista Creek contains water nearly year-round. Portions of the creek have been channelized in Vista and in Carlsbad immediately east of the Lagoon (Carlsbad, 1982) • Sediment loads in Buena Vista Creek have increased in the past decade due both to construction and increased run-off from urban development upstream. The increased volume of water and sediment has seriously contributed to the sedimentation of Buena Vista Lagoon. Exposure of the soil (from construction and farming) significantly increases the amount of erosion and sediment carried from a site. This is probably the single largest contributor to downstream sedimentation (Wischmeier, 1973). A second major contributor to downstream sedimentation in urban areas is the increased runoff resulting from the paving of natural surfaces. Increased pavement areas reduce the amount of land available for absorbtion of rainfall, and increased runoff results. This additional runoff is not usually important in terms of flood hazard, but it can be a significant contributor to sedimentation downstream, as greater water levels generally result in higher water velocity, with resultant increase in erosion (Wisch meier, 1973). A similar issue which must be noted with the Alanda project is the contribution of slope gradient to erosion potential. Steeper slope gradients cause water to run off at a greater velocity, which, as discussed above, creates greater erosion. The project site, as shown on Table 3-6, is 67 considered to be a steep site, since more than 85% of the site has a slope gradient greater than 25%. In addition, soils on the site are considered to have a higher than average potential for erosion (see Section 111-B, Geology). For these reasons, the project site is considered to have a substantial potential for erosion unless protective measures are taken. Buena Vista Lagoon The surface level in the lagoon is maintained by a discharge weir at the mouth of the lagoon which prevents tidal exchange or sea water flushing, The quality of water in the lagoon is highly variable depending on rainfall and runoff volumes (Carlsbad, 1982), Buena Vista Lagoon is a valuable wetlands habitat which is owned and managed by the California Department of Fish and Game (DF&G). Because the discharge weir prevents tidal flushing, sediment loads carried into the lagoon by Buena Vista Creek are deposited and remain in the lagoon, Sediment volume has rapidly been increasing over recent years, and thus, the lagoon has been made shallower. East of 1-5, the depth of the lagoon is not more than 1 foot, though its area expanse appears vast (Peters, 1983). Currently, the DF&G is in the process of dredging a portion of the lagoon to a depth of about 5 feet. This work is expected to be completed by August/September, 1983, and will improve the quality of the wetland habitat of the lagoon (Lauppe, 1983). The three jurisdictions which contain portions of the Buena Vista Creek watershed, Oceanside, Carlsbad, and Vista, have formed the Buena Vista Lagoon Action Committee to help protect the lagoon. At this·time, neither DF&G nor the Action Committee have a management plan for the entire lagoon. A plan is being developed by the Buena Vista Lagoon Foundation, funded by the Coastal Conservancy. The completion date for this plan has not been finalized. The City of Oceanside has established a system whereby, on a project-by project basis, development projects which would significantly affect the lagoon are assessed a fee which is given to a fund for research and 68 ~ J -1 I ~ J J J. , • J , ~ J -◄ , • ~ j ~ "" • "" ! • ~ l - "" ~ "" I ◄ ~ 1 ' - "" • .. - -• - .. • --I ,.. development of drainage and erosion control measures in the lagoon (Whitson, D,H,, 1983), Impact The actual General Plan Amendment effects on the hydrology of the and zone change would have no direct site or vicinity, However, eventual development at the site could have potentially significant impacts, and are therefore evaluated below, Impacts include the potential for erosion and sedimentation of Buena Vista Creek and Lagoon; the increased runoff from development of the site; the potential for the addition of urban contaminants to the drainage system; and the impacts to the drainage on the eastern boundary of the site adjacent to El Camino Real, The site has a very high potential for erosion snd sedimentation because of its steep slopes and soils, During the earthwork phase of site development, the vegetative cover would be removed, susceptible to significant erosion, and These exposed high sediment areas would be very yields would occur unless appropriate grading and erosion control measures are implemented, The potential for erosion would remain as long as soils are exposed, This impact would increase in severity with the increase in area of grading, If the entire site is graded, as would be likely with a higher density project, impacts would be highly significant, If portions of the site are left undisturbed, and the development area is reduced, either by clustering development or by a reduction in the number of units, impacts, while still significant, would have a lower magnitude, Development of the project site would significantly increase the amount of impervious, paved surfaces (roads, buildings, parking area, and walkways), The resulting increase in runoff which would be produced during rainstorms would not be significant in itself, However, when taken in combination with other urban developments in the Buena Vista watershed, the project would 69 contribute incrementally to the amount of runoff entering Buena Vista Creek and lagoon. This could have a beneficial impact on the lagoon by "flushing" the lagoon periodically, which would reduce the salinity and improve water quality. The urban development of the site would add urban contaminants to the drainage system. These contaminants, including vehicular pollution (oil, grease, lead, fuel residues and tire particles), pesticides, fertilizers and trash, would rest on the paved surfaces and be washed into the drainage system by rainfall and runoff. The contaminants from this project alone would not be significant. However, the cumulative impact from this project and other development in the vicinity would have a significant impact on the water quality of Buena Vista Lagoon. The Lagoon currently receives a substantial amount of urban contaminants, and this project would contribute to the degradation in water quality. This impact is not unique to this project; any urban development of the site would have the same effect. The existing natural drainage system in the eastern portion of the property could have one of three different forms: the channel could remain natural, as it is; the channel could be replaced by a concrete drainage channel; or it could be replaced with an underground storm drain, similar to that which exists underneath El Camino Real and which will be constructed as part of the Sheffler project to the south. Any of these three facilities would serve from a hydrologic perspective, as runoff from the site and upstream could be adequately handled by any of the three facilities. As discussed in the Geology Section (111-B), it would be preferable to leave the drainage in its natural form, as replacement with either a storm drain or concrete channel might not be economically feasible. However, no hydrologic impact_s would be associated with its replacement with a concrete channel or a storm drain. There may be visual impacts, which are discussed in Section 111-D. Mitigation Significant impacts from erosion, runoff and contaminants can be reduced by a development design which would disturb as little area as possible on the 70 J -1 ' "' J "" \ .. "'I "'· , ~ ... J J "" ... -.. , .. ""' .. "" .. "" l .. "" ' .. ""' .. "" ' ~ ~ • ' .. ""' , .. ... - .. - - ... - ... .. .. ,.. ... .. - .. .. site. If steep slopes were to be left undisturbed and development clustered so that less area would be graded, hydrology impacts would be less significant. However, it should be noted that any development of the site would create significant impacts from erosion, runoff and contaminants. The potential for significant erosion during the earthwork phase of project development could be reduced by the provision and implementation of an erosion control plan. Temporary sediment catch basins should be installed at runoff discharge points to trap sediment during construction. The basins should be left intact and maintained until the project is completely built out. Grading activities should not be permitted during the winter, rainy months. Bare earth should be revegetated as soon as possible after grading. Every effort should be made by the contractor to control erosion, since this has the .potential to be a severe problem which can only be mitigated by strict conformance with the erosion control plan. It is recommended that the Specific Plan which would be prepared prior to the development of this project include an erosion control plan. The erosion plan would be submitted to the City Engineer and the Regional Water Quality Control Board for approval. The plan should contain a list of specific measures which the contractor will utilize to reduce erosion and sediment yield from the site. adherance to erosion However, it must be noted that, control measures, the potential for construction is rarely completely mitigable. even with strict erosion during The impacts from increased runoff from the impervious surfaces can be mitigated by the use of on-site filtration measures. This would include the use of porous pavement materials in parking areas, walkways and roadway construction. This would reduce the amount of runoff and increase infiltra- tion of water into the soil. The cost of a porous system has been found to be equal to or less than conventional paving due to the decrease in hydraulic structures required . The increase in urban contaminants can be partially mitigated by the use of pervious pavement materials discussed above; the finer particles would be 71 infiltrated into the soil. Other mitigation measures include an effective street cleaning program which would remove· contaminants and litter from roadways and parking lots before they are added to the storm drain system. Street cleaning is provided on public streets by the City of Carlsbad; it is recommended that occasional cleaning also be done for parking lots and other private paved surfaces. 72 J -1 I J J J J J J ~ ~ -4 .. ' ~ .. ~ "" • , ~ "" J "" ~ ~ J ◄ ~ ~ ' • ~ - "" • "" -... • • -• -.. • - ... Ill G, SOCIOECONOMIC ISSUES Existing Conditions The project site is located in the City of Carlsbad, a rapidly growing city with a population of 3&,000, about 30 miles north of downtown San Diego. It is bordered on the north by the City of Oceanside and on the east by Vista and San Marcos, The area's projected population for 1995 is &3,860 (Carlsbad, 1983c), Carlsbad is a well balanced combination of industrial, commercial and residential development, including a large regional shopping center, an auto retail center with seven dealerships, a large industrial park and a regional airport, The city contains three lagoons, extensive agricultural areas and large tracts of undeveloped land, Carlsbad is undergoing rapid growth and extensive areas of the city are being developed, Recently the City Council has approved projects containing &882 dwelling units (mostly condominiums and single family dwellings), and 1550 acres of industrial development, with an additional 950 acres of industrial area under consideration (Holzmiller, 1983), Less than 4% of the approved residences are apartments; 300 apartment units in one project have been approved, though there are could result in up to 900 more apartment units currentlyh 1983), applications which pending (Klukas, This city-wide growth can be seen in the vicinity of the project site, where applications for residential, commercial and office projects have been made and approved, The Sheffler project south of the site, the Development Consultants project to the north, the office commercial building east of El Camino Real, Tanglewood Condominiums further east, and various expansions of commercial and office facilities around the Plaza Camino Shopping Center have been approved and are either under construction or plan to begin construction within the next several years, The existing neighborhoods in the immediate area of the project site consist almost completely of single family detached houses, at relatively low 73 densities of 2 to 3 units per acre. Although some of the residential development which has been approved for the area consists of single family units at a similar density, much of the approved development is for higher density (up to 20 units per acre) of condominium and apartment dwellings. The addition of these approved residences will change the existing character of the immediate vicinity, both physically and demographically, Physical changes include the change from now vacant land to urbanized land uses, the higher density of units, the increase in the amount of traffic and noise, and the higher proportion of land used for structures rather than landscaping or open space. Demographic changes to the existing neighborhood could also result. As the cost of the single family house rises, fewer people are able to afford them, and more people turn to condominiums and apartments for dwellings. Since condominiums and apartments are generally smaller than the standard single family house, condos and apartments are often inhabited by single people and couples rather than established families. In addition, economic changes to the neighborhood will occur when approved developments are constructed. The Development Consultants project immediately north of the Alanda site includes 300 apartment units. Residents of apartments generally appear to have lower incomes than house or condominium owners. As discussed in Section II, Project Description, Carlsbad has a need at this time for additional apartment units, in order to offer a range of housing types to provide a balanced comorunity. With an expanding industrial base, as evidenced by the 1550 acres of approved industrial ~rojects in the city, there is a growing need for a range of housing types for' future employees at all levels. Another important socioeconomic issue which should be addressed in that of crime. Carlsbad currently has an average overall crime rate, with crimes of property, such as burglaries, occuring at a much higher rate than crimes of violence. The rate of occurance of crimes of violence is extremely low in Carlsbad when compared to national statistics. The per capita crime rate has 74 J -, I , .. J .., J J J J ... J -.. ""' J ""' J ""' .. , .. .. ,.j ... ,,.j , ◄ ~ 4 I .. ""' ~ .. .. .. ,. 1111 .., .. .. lllr. JIii Ill .. .. .. .. -... .. .. .. .. ill "" Ill ... .. .. .. ... .. .. been increasing in Carlsbad, but at a lower rate than for other areas of the County (2,7% for Carlsbad in 1981/1982 as compared to 14% for El Cajon, for example) (Tarvin, 1983), In the immediate area around the Alanda site, the major crime is burglary, which is committed at about the city-wide average rate (Tarvin, 1983), Impact The proposed GPA would permit the construction of up to 400 units of "affordable" apartment units, and up to 100 single family units, At this time, Carlsbad has a need for additional apartment units, and the Alanda project would help to meet this need. However, other projects are now in process which, if constructed, would result in 900 new apartment units, It is not known if sny or all of these projects will be approved until applications and staff analysis have been completed . Prices for the single family houses would probably be similar to those for existing houses in the adjoining neighborhoods, and would range from $125,000 to $160,000 depending on view, location and other parameters, Monthly payments for these houses, assuming a 20% downpayment and a 13% interest rate, would be around $1200 or more (Hofreiter, 1983), Assuming a monthly debt ratio of no greater than 37%, an annual income of at least $38,900 would be required order to qualify for these houses, As discussed in Section 11, Project Description, rents for the 400 apartment units would match the fair market rates as set by HUD, Thus, rents would range from about $516 for a two-bedroom unit to $649 for a four-bedroom unit, Assuming a monthly debt ratio of no more than 37%, a family would need an income of $16,700 to $21,100 per year in order to be able to afford this rent . The implementation of the proposed project could contribute to the change in the character of the existing neighborhood, However, the projects in the 75 vicinity which have already been approved will have a much greater effect, and the incremental contribution that the Alanda project could have -is not considered to be significant. Although a detailed economic analysis has not been conducted, there is a possibility that property values could be affected by the project. The average dwelling unit in the City of Carlsbad is inhabited by 2.22 people (SANDAG, 1983). Applying this average to the proposed project results in approximately 1,110 people, an increase of 118% over what would be permitted by the existing designations. These people would add incrementally to the existing population of more than 36,000 of the city. Effects to public services resulting for the additional people are addressed in III-J, Public Services. The location of the project is close to major commercial facilities at Plaza Camino Real. residents. This is considered to be highly beneficial for future project The number of crimes in the immediate area of the project would probably increase with the increased number of units and people. Crime rate is usually calculated on a per capita basis rather than by absolute number, and the rate itself would probably not increase. Opinions in the Police Department differ, but it is felt that if all other things were equal, the crime rates for apartments and for houses, when calculated on a per capita basis, are relatively the same (Tarvin, 1983). Therefore, while the project might result in an overall increase in the number of crimes, the per capita rate would probably stay the same. Impacts to the Police Departme"nt itself are evaluated in Section III-J, Public Services. Mitigation The proposed GPA is not considered to have a significant impact on the socioeconomy of Carlsbad or the project vicinity, and no mitigation measures are required. 76 "' .; -j I , ... J J J J J J -, 4 J ""' ill! ""' .. J ... ,.j ... .I ""' t ... ~ ~ .I ""' J .. ► l N .. - .. - .. ,.. .. .. -.. f • -.. H. BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES The following information summarizes a biological report prepared by Wier Biological Consultants, which is contained in this EIR as Appendix 4. Existing Conditions Vegetation The site is vegetated with four major plant types: Coastal Sage Scrub, wetland vegetation, eucalyptus trees, and non-native grasses. of these covers are shown on Figure 3-4 . The location The site was probably once covered fairly densely with Coastal Sage Scrub. Due to disturbances, the Scrub now exists on the site in the form of residual islands on about 6 acres, or 12.6% of the property. Coastal Sage Scrub is characterized by California Sagebrush (Artemisia californica), White Sage (Salvia apiana), Flattop Buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), Golden Yarrow (Eriophyllum confertiflorum), Lemonadeberry (Rhus integrifolia) and Coyote Bush (Baccharis pilularis var. consanguinea). The Coastal Sage Scrub on the Alanda site is dominated by Artemisia californica. The remaining plant associations are dominated by non-native plants. Over most of the site (about 34.5 acres or 73.3% of the property) is a weedy herbaceous cover of tall annuals. The major plants are Italian Thistle (Carduus phycnocephslus), Sweet Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Slender Wild Oat (Avena barbata) and Pernnial Mustard (Brassies geniculata). are virtually absent . Native species The principal north/south drainage on the site contains limited, low-quality wetland vegetation that relies on urban run-off. Among the native plants are Arroyo Willow (Salix lasiolepis), Mexican Elderberry (Sambucus mexicana) and Cattail (Typhs latifolia). This wetland vegetation accounts for less than one acre, or 1.8% of the site . 77 NASLAND ENGINEERING I .-;., ••. _·. ,. ·-... ••• ·.· _/ .·. . ,,, <tl..,, ,10 \ ll ... A!'"",.,,,,,,. ...... 'i. :t •• ·-'. ~'};;}k< • .. ,.\. 1 ~. · x·· ·• ··.•i\ :, f. >t .... \i>:::t& ~·f r~t~<,~l\ ~t;\. h .. ,_\ .. <:~l--· .\\'t;;),. -tv: • '·\. •. ··.:: .; { .'>:\. ·. ~:\?'J .. )_:\)c;a· '/'(\.-· ~ .. :, .:,··-.;:,;< r··~·•··••·.·•·~;:,1t; \<'"· II w\t:w<~ ~:\'.'.,\j TAL .. \.... •• .. ,_ .... ·_ " \ SAGE SCRUB I ...... EUCALYPTUS TREES □ DISTURBED BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES ON THE PROJECT SITE 78 FIGURE 3·-4 J _, ' .... 1 .. J J J J J J ., 11111 .. i • , .. - - ,,. -... - .. - - • .. -.. Eucalyptus trees (including Eucalyptus globulus) are found in the main north/south drainage and scattered on the slopes. In the southern part of the site near the drainage, the trees are 80 to 100 feet tall. There is only a remnant of Coastal Sage Scrub vegetation in the understory, trees account for 5.5 acres or 12.3% of the property. Eucalyptus A listing of the plant species found on the site in included in Appendix 4. Wildlife Habitat Several factors influence the usefulness and value of a given habitat area to wildlife, including both off-site and on-site characteristics. On-site qualities include vegetation type and diversity, topographic diversity and presence of rock outcrops and surface water. Off-site considerations are also important, such as continuity of habitat quality or disruptive uses nearby. The Alanda property is relatively small (47 acres). The majority of the property is a disturbed grassland type habitat, which in this case is a low quality wildlife habitat. The Eucalyptus forest, Coastal Sage and small wetland area add diversity to the site. Nevertheless, in the opinion of the biological consultant, both species diversity and species abundance are low. Furthermore, the property is flanked on three sides by developed land and roadways. Ultimately, the property will be surrounded by urban land uses. Important wildlife habitat features on the property include major drainages with dense thickets of Lemonadeberry and Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), residual islands of Coastal Sage Scrub, the drainage supporting Arroyo Willow, and a large stand of Eucalyptus trees. The Eucalyptus trees serve mainly as roosting and nesting habitat for bird species, such as the Red-tailed Hawk, Red-shouldered Hawk, Mourning Dove and Common Raven. 79 Birde Twenty-four bird species were detected on the site; all are relatively common residents or migrants for the habitats present. Typical Coastal Sage Scrub species present and probably breeding on-site are Brown Towhee, California Quail, Bewick's Wren, Anna's Hummingbird, Northern Mockingbird and Black tailed Gnatcatcher. The most commonly observed species on the property were Lesser Goldfinch, House Finch, Cliff Swallow and Brown-headed Cowbird. raptors were detected, including three Red-tailed Hawks. Amphibians and Reptiles Three species of Three reptile species were observed: California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getulus californiae), Orangethroat Whiptail Great Basin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) and (Cnemidophorus hyperythrus). Other species known and expected for this area, but not observed, include the Sideblotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana) and San Diego Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma coronatum blaine villei). Many reptiles are found in association with rock outcrops, which do not occur on the property, Because of this and other habitat limitations, a wide variety of reptiles is not expected to occur on the site, Amphibian species require high ambient moisture and/or have aquatic larval stages. Therefore, most species of this vertebrate group tend to concentrate near surface water and few species are expected to be found on the site. No amphibian species were observed, Mammals Mammals which were observed or trapped on the site include the Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana), Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani), Cali fornia Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi), Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), House Mouse (~ DDlSCulus), Woodrat (Neotoma sp.), and Coyote 80 Ill ,.j -1 J J , J , ... Ill J J J J -, .. J ... l ... , I .. ... I .. , 11111 ... ~ ... J ~ ~ .. Ill 11111 --- .. --.. -.. -.. .. .. .. .. - -.. -• -... -... - ,.. I • ... (Canis latrans). Other animals not observed but expected to occur on the site include the Southern Pocket Gopher (Thomomys bottae) and Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis). The Coyote is apparently the largest predatory mammal on the site. Despite high numbers reported by area residents, Coyotes do not apparently den on the property . other areas. They use the site primarily as a foraging area and corridor to The State "rare" Stephens Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi) is known from the general area and similare habitats. However, live trapping and direct searches for characteristics did not yield eveidence of any Dipodomys species . property . The Stephens Kangaroo Rat does not apparently occur on the Sensitive Species No plant species were found on-site that have status with either the federal government (Department of the Interior), state government (Department of Fish and Game), or the California Native Plant Society. No rare and/or endangered vertebrate species listed by state or federal agencies were encountered on the site and none are expected to occur . However, there are species which, though not listed as rare or endangered, are considered to be sensitive; these are listed in Table 3-9 • One sensitive lizard species was observed: the Orangethroat Whiptail. This lizard is listed as threatened by the San Diego Herpetological Society, and needing protection by the California Department of Fish and Game (CDF&G), and depleted by Stewart. The principal threat is loss of habitat • Sensitive bird species on the site include American Kestrel (may nest in Eucalyptus), Cliff Swallow (forages only) and Bewick's Wren (resides in scrub). All of these have relatively stable local populations. 81 00 N ~ TABLE 3-9 SENSITIVE ANIMAL SPECIES FOR THE Al.ANDA PROPERTY Species Orangethroat Whiptail (Cnemidophorus hyperythrus) Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Cliff Swallow (Hirundo pyrrhonota) Bewick• s Wren (Thryomanes bewickii) California Slack-tailed Gnatcatcher (Polioptila melanura californica) Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) Status and Authority IUCN -Rare, Depleted SDHS -Threatened Stewart -Depleted CDFG -Needing protection, should be declared rare Special Concern Blue List Special Concern Blue List Remsen -Second priority Everett -Declining Blue List Status in San Diego County Principal threat is loss of habitat. Locally abundant where it still occurs. Fairly collll10n local resident, but a very uncommon local breeding species. Observed over the site only. Co1111110n breeding species. Relatively resistant to disturbance. Common to abundant summer resident. Relatively common resident breeding species. Coastal subspecies seriously declining due to loss of habitat. Permanent resident of County. San Diego County most important U.S. region. U.S. popu lation estimate 1200 pairs. Relatively common breeding species. IUCN -International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1980. SDHS -San Diego Herpetology Society, 1980. CDFG -California Department of Fish and Game, 1971. Stewart 1 1971. Blue List -Tate, 1982. Remsen, 1978. Everett-, 1979. Special Concern -Blue list species of special concern not formally Blue-Listed. I. ___ J I. I IL_ ,I !L. I I I .I I I l I I I l I ... ... .. r .. .. Ill .. Ill .. .. .. .. ii. -.. .. .. ii,, .. ... .. ... -• .. i. f .. "" .. Two Black-tailed Gnatcatchers were observed carrying food to a presumed nest site. This coastal subspecies is listed by CDF&G as "second priority species of special concern in California". the U.S., and the San Diego County There are estimated to be 1200 pairs in population is the most important. It is declining due to loss of Coastal Sage Scrub habitat. The total acreage of Coastal Sage Scrub on-site is small, less than 6 acres, and represents a very minor amount of habitat for this species. Impact The proposed GPA would not have a direct effect on the biological resources of the site. The existing designations would probably require extensive grading and would eliminate most of the habitats on the site. The proposed designation would' permit greater intensity development, but would still result in the disruption of most of the vegetation on the site . The worst case development scenario would result in the complete removal of vegetation. This would eliminate all vegetation on the site and 'most wildlife including the Orangethroat Whiptail and Black-tailed Gnatcatcher • Red-tailed Hawks would discontinue use of the area. Presumably their foraging area would be reduced and they would be less successful in rearing young. Landscaping within the development would allow for continued use by urban-tolerant wildlife such as House Sparrow, Starling and House Finch. The loss of the vegetation and wildlife on the site is considered to be an adverse impact of the project. However, it is not found to be a significant impact because the sensitive biological resources on the site occur in low frequency and do not constititute a high quality of resource. The small wetland area, fed for the most part by urban runoff, does not constitute a typical woodland or marsh habitat area. The property does not appear to be important to any adjacent off-site high value resources. Potential impacts to biological resources off-site could occur to Buena Vista Lagoon, if siltation from the site is not controlled. 83 Mitigation No direct significant impacts to biological resources were determined; no mitigation measures are necessary. Adverse impacts to biological resources would be reduced by the retention of as much as possible of the drainage and associated eucalyptus, scrub, and willow vegetation. Slopes of the drainage would be enhanced by plantings of native trees and shrubs to produce an aesthetic and biologically useful area. Suggested plant species incude: Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) Western Sycamore (Platanus racemosa) Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) White Alder (Alnus rhombifolia) Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) Mexican Elderberry (Sambucus mexicana) Fuschia-flower~d Gooseberry (Ribes speciosum) California Wild Rose(~ californica) These plants are all available from commercial sources. Potentially significant impacts to biological resources of Buena Vista Lagoon would be mitigated by implementation of appropriate measures to reduce erosion and runoff from the site. III-F, Hydrology. These measures are discussed in Section 84 J _1 I J J J J J J J J J .. J J ., .. .. .., .J .. .. • I .. .. 1111 11111 1111 • 1111 .. 1111 .. 1111 • 1111 Ill -... 1111 .. 1111 .. !"' .. .. 1111 .. .. 1111 ... I • - I. ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES The following information is taken from a technical report prepared by Heritage Environmental Services, an archaeological consulting firm. The report is contained in this EIR as Appendix 5. Please refer to this appendix for further information concerning methodology and background. Existing Conditions The area around Buena Vista Lagoon contains numerous archaeological sites. These sites have been discovered during nearly 50 years of field work in the area. As a result of CEQA, which was passed in 1972, many more field surveys have been conducted in the past ten years. However, only two subsurface investigations, more commonly kn.own as excavations, have taken place. Both of these were on relatively small sites. The majority of the six lagoons in San Diego County have been the subject of much more archeologic subsurface investigations than Buena Vista. This has left a gap in the archaeologic record of San Diego County • Archaeological record searches were made at both the San Diego Museum of Man and San Diego State University. A total of 24 archaeologic sites have been recorded within 1 mile of the project site. These sites range from Paleo-Indian (ca. 10,000 years B.C.) to historic times. Of these 24 sites, three are found either completely or partially on the Alanda site. These three are briefly described below • SDM-W-143 This site was recorded by M.J. Rogers, and is located in the southern part of the Alanda site on the steep gradient of the east-facing slopes. The site consists of scattered La Jollan middens overlain by a more extensive Luisano occupation. The main midden covers an area of slightly more than three acres, and there are also smaller middens strung out on the sides of the slopes for a distance of more than 0.6 mile north and 0.4 mile south of the 85 main site. Material present includes potsherds, animal and fish bone, projectile points, metates, manos, a Diegueno curing stone and a few mortars. Although no exact location is shown in the records of either the Museum of Man or San Diego State University, the description generally fits with the Alanda property. SDM-W-145 This site also consists of more than one culture. Cover~ng about 1 acre, the site contains a La Jollan midden overlain by a relatively thin Luisano stratum. Material present includes shellfish remains, metates, manos, potsherds, and bedrock mortars. Although its exact location is unknown, it is found at an elevation of about 350 feet above sea level, and it is probably located just offsite to the northwest of the property. SDI-5213/SDM-W-1330 (Loci A and C)/SDM-W-144 (Locus B) This extensive site, consisting of three loci covering about 8 acres, is found immediately adjacent to the Alanda site to the south. Locus C extends onto the southeastern corner of Alanda. A large, multi-function Late Prehistoric village or campsite, this site has a well-developed shell midden at least 50 centimeters deep. Artifacts include large numbers of flakes, cores and thermally-fractured rock, with smaller amounts of cores and hammers tones. Luiseno. Although cultural affiliation is not reported, it is probably Field Investigations The field reconnaissance of the Alanda site was conducted in July, 1983. Although parts of the site consist of steep terrain, all of the property was physically or visually surveyed for the presence of cultural resources. The field survey identified two archaeologic sites within the study area, as shown on Figure 3-5. The smaller site (refered to as Alanda Site #1) 86 J -1 ' J J i ~ J J J J -... ~ J ~ ~ J J J J ~ ◄ ~ • ~ ~ . • •• .. -► ... -.. .. .. -.. lll -.. .. .. -► .. .. .. .. -.. --• -.. .. I Ill, -.. Figure 3-5 Archaeological Resources on the Project Site This figure is on file with the City of Carlsbad . 87 consists of a very light scatter of marine shellfish remains on a low ridge in the northern quarter of the Alanda property, at about 130 feet above sea level. The site covers about 0.5 acre. No artifacts were observed. The second site on the property is much more extensive, containing about 13 acres in the southern area, south of the horse ranch. There appear to be several concentrations of artifacts, although the boundaries have been blurred by plowing, erosion and other disturbances. from about 250 feet to about 130 feet above sea level. Site elevation ranges Observations within an eroded gully indicate a depth of at least 3 feet and possibly more in certain areas. Artifacts include shellfish remains, waste flakes, a utilized flake, scrapers, manos and thermally fractured rock. This site is considered to be the sites recorded by M.J. Rogers as W-143 and W-146. Impact Implementation of the proposed GPA has the potential to cause surface level modifications at the two archaeologic sites found on the property. Since the topography of the property is so steep, it is highly likely that extensive grading would occur, and thus, both sites might be thoroughly disturbed or eliminated. The necessity of investigation of archaeologic resources has been much discussed. Some people have argued for more extensive investigations of resources, paid for by the developer or the jurisdiction, while others have put forth the view that archaeologicl resources should be investigated only in they have regional or national importance, and that such investigations should be funded by research organizations or other private sources. In an effort to clarify this Assembly Bill (AB) 952, issue, the California state legislature has passed which attempts to define significance of archaeologic resources and to regulate developer contribution to excavation. According to this bill, an archaeologic site must be considered "unique" for significant adverse impacts to occur from implementation of a project. 88 J -1 , ~ .J J J J ~ .. "' ' .. J ~ .. "' J "' ,.j "' .j "" ' Iii "' .. "' I .. "' ' ... ~ .. ,.j j .. .. .. • I "' Ill .. .. .. .. .. .. Ill ... -.. .. Ill Ill .. Ill .. Ill - Ill .. I ' .. - A unique archaeological resource is defined as an artifact, object or site about which it can be clearly demonstrated that, without merely adding to the current body of knowledge, there is a high probability that it (1) contains information needed to answer important scientifi.c ,pestions and that there is a demonstrable public interest in that information; (2) has a special and particular quality such as oldest of its type or best avialable example of its type; _2!. (3) is directly associated with a scientifically recognized important prehistoric or historic event or person. If a resource is found to be unique, then any adverse impacts must be mitigated. If a resource is found not to be unique, then adverse impacts are not considered to be significant and no mitigation is required • In the case of the Alanda project, Alanda Site #1 is not considered to be unique and disturbance of the site is not found to be a significant impact. However, W-143/W-146 may be a unique resource because it covers more than one period of prehistory and· covers such an extensive area. For these reasons, disturbance of the site is considered to be a potentially significant impact. Mitigation Further investigation must be conducted at W-143/W-146 to determine the significance of the site. A testing program, consisting of a posthole and five to eight manually-excavated test units, should be implemented to the satisfaction of the City of Carlsbad. If the site is determined to be unique then significant impacts would result and mitigation measures would be required as part of the Specific Plan for the project. Such measures could include planning construction to avoid archaeological sites; deeding archaeo- logical sites into permanent open space easements; or planning parks, greenspace or other open space to incorporate archaeological sites. (Capping of sites is probably not possible for the Alanda project, due to the steepness of the slopes which would probably require grading.) Any such measures must be done to the satisfaction of the City of Carlsbad. 89 J. PUBLIC SERVICES The public service agencies discussed below were contacted directly for evaluation of potentially significant impacts. from the agencies is contained in Appendix 6. 1. Fire Protection Existing Conditions Any ·written correspondance The Alanda project site is currently served by the City of Carlsbad Fire Department. The site is within two miles of two stations: Station Ill, at 1275 Elm Avenue, and Station #2, at the corner of Chestnut and Catalina. The latter station will eventually be relocated to a location approximately 1.5 miles from the site (Watson, 1983). A first alarm structural assignment to the site would consist of two engines, a paramedic unit and a battalion chief for a total of 10 personnel (Watson, 1983). Response time is expected to be within 4 minutes. Impact Under the current designations, the site could be developed with 230 units. The proposed GPA would permit up to 500 dwellings, for an increase of 270 units on the site. This would contribute incrementally to the number of emergency calls received by the Department. However, the Department does not expect any adverse impacts associated with the implementation of this project (Watson, 1983). Mitigation No mitigation measures are considered necessary. 90 ·J , -4 I J J J .. i .. J "" ' .. .. J ~ ◄ , 1111 .. ' .. .. .. "' I 1111 .. J .. I .. .. I ◄ ~ ~ Iii "" j .. .. .. .. • • .. .. .. -.. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. • - -.. .. .. .. • .. - 2, Police Protection Existing Conditions The project site is currently served by the Police Department of the City of Carlsbad, located at 1200 Elm Avenue . There are 68 people on the staff at this station, which provides a ratio of 1.5 officers to 1000 people, This is considered the minimum desirable ratio by the City, The Police Department has estimated a response time of 2-3 minutes to reach the site for high priority emergency calls (Carlsbad, 1983a). Impact The proposed GPA and zone change would not increase demands on the Police Department directly, However, the proposed action could result in indirect impacts, as discussed below . The project could add up to 270 households to the Police Department's area of service over what is currently permitted on the site, This project plus others currently under consideration would increase the demand for police protection, and may require additional police personnel to maintain the desired ratio of 1,5 officers per 1000 people (Carlsbad, 1983a), Thus, there is a potential for a significant impact after development of the project site . Mitigation The project would not result in any direct impacts to police services, and no mitigation measures are required. However, the project could have indirect impacts and could result in the need for additional personnel. This would be mitigated by hiring the needed personnel, funded by the City, 91 3, Water Existing Conditions The project site is currently vacant and requires no water other than for fire prevention purposes. Assuming a generation rate of 11,220 gallons per month per household, the project site as currently designated could require up to 2,580,600 gallons of water per ioonth, or 95 acre-feet per year (Brammell, 1983), Water would be provided by the City of Carlsbad to the site, which currently maintains a water line under El Camino Real as well as lines in the existing neighborhood of Seacrest at the top of the hill (Greer, 1983), Impact The change in General Plan designation would result in an increase in the amount of water consumed by development on the site after eventual build-out. The proposed designations could result in consumption of up to 207 acre/feet per year, an increase of 112 acre/feet per year, or 118%. The City of Carlsbad does not anticipate any difficulty in supplying the project site with water, from either the line in El Camino Real or the lines in Seacrest (Greer, 1983), No adverse impacts are expected, Mitigation No mitigation measures are considered necessary, However, the following water conservation measures are recommended for inclusion in the Specific Plan: 92 ~ • ~ ' • J ~ I • ~ J ~ I • J ~ I • ~ j • ~ I • -... 4 ~ ~ J , • ~ ~ ~ I • ~ I • ~ ◄ -' ~ ' • ~ I • -- - --- • - .. - - .. Required by Law • Section 17921,3 of the Health and Safety Code, Assembly Bill 13 requires installation of low-flush toilets (approximately 3.5 gallons per flush, • California Administration Code, Title 20, Chapter 2, Subchapter 4: Article 4, requires low-flow faucets, shower heads, sink faucets, etc., in domestic areas. • California Energy Commission regulations require the insulation of hot water ~ines in water recirculating systems. Recommended • • • • • • • • 4. Sewer Regulate supply line pressure to no more than 50 pounds per square inch, with regulation directly after the meter. Use water conserving models of clothes washers and dishwashers . Landscape with low water-consuming plants wherever possible . Use mulch extensively in all landscaped areas . Install efficient irrigation systems . Use pervious paving material whenever feasible to reduce surface water runoff and aid in groundwater recharge. Encourage cluster development which can reduce the amount of land being converted to urban use, thereby reducing paved surfaces and runoff and aiding in groundwater recharge. Preserve existing natural drainage areas and encourage the incorporation of natural drainage systems in new developments, to aid in groundwater recharge, Existing Conditions The project site is vacant and generates no wastewater at this time. Under the existing designations of the General Plan and utilizing generation rates supplied by the Encina Wastewater Treatment Plant, development on the site could generate as much as 64,270 gallons of wastewater per day, or 1,927,800 gallons per month (Sauter, 1983), 93 The City of Carlsbad would provide sewer services to the site. There is an existing sewer main located in El Camino Real, which drains to the north to the Vista-Carlsbad trunk sewer. Wastewater is then transported to the Encina Plant. This plant has a current flow of about 15 million gallons per day (mgd), and a capacity of 18.4 mgd. The plant is being expanded; when construction is complete in March, 1884, capacity is expected to be 22.5 mgd. Impact If the site were developed at the density proposed by the GPA, the 500 units would generate 139,717 gallons of wastewater per month (Sauter, 1983). This is an increase at the existing designations. per day, or 4,191,521 gallons of 118% over the expected flow The proposed GPA would result in an increase in the amount of wastewater flowing through the Encina treatment plant; this increase is 0.6% of the expected capacity of the plant after completion of construction. The contribution of the project is incremental, and the Encina plant is considered to have sufficient capacity to handle the increase. proposed project is not found to have a significant impact. Mitigation No mitigation measures are required. 5. Schools Existing Conditions The site is located in the Carlsbad Unified School District. Thus, the The schools which would be affected by development on the site are Magnolia Elementary School, Valley Junior High School, and Carlsbad High School. All of the schools are within 1.2 miles of the site. 94 J , -• ' ~ J ~ J , • ~ J ~ J ~ - ~ ~ -~ -• ""' ' --- ""' I • -~ -- ""' --.. ~ --' - ... ... ... .. ... .. "" .. "" .. .. -.. .. -' .. -... "" .. "' .. -.. .. illl .. .. --r .. --- Table 3-10 shows the number of students which would be generated by development on the site in accordance with the existing General Plan design~tions, These students would be added to schools which, at the present time, are well under capacity (see Table 3-11), However, residential development currently under construction, or approved by the City, would increase the enrollments at all schools (Potter, 1983), Carlsbad Unified School District has a policy of requiring a per unit fee from developers which is applied to_ the construction of new schools and other necessary services. At this time, the fee is $1170.00 per dwelling unit (same for apartments as single family houses), and the fee is adjusted quarterly to correspond to changes in the Consumer Price Index. The fee is paid prior to construction . Impact The proposed GPA could result in the generation of 660 students, 315 more than would be generated with the current designations (see Table 3-10). If added to the existing uncrowded conditions, the project would not be considered to have a significant impact. However, the residential develop ment which is currently being constructed throughout the City would also contribute students to the system, and thus, there is a possibility that schools would become crowded and educational and transportational services would be affected. Thus, the proposed GPA is found to have a potentially significant impact . Mitigation The potential impact to school services would be mitigated by the provision of school fees by the developer to the school district prior to construction of the project. At the current rates of $1170 per unit, the project would require $585,000 to be paid in school fees. It is likely that the per unit fee will increase before construction of this project, so the total would be 95 NASLAND ENGINEERING TABLE 3-10 STUDENTS GENERATED BY THE PROJECT SITE WITH AND WITHOUT THE Type of Number Generation Develoement of Units Rate EXISTING Multi-family 80 .40/elementary .40/junior high .44/senior high Single family 150 .60/elementary .60/junior high .44/senior high TOTAL 230 PROPOSED Multi-family 400 .40/elementary .40/junior high .44/senior high Single family 100 .60/elementary .60/junior high .44/senior high TOTAL 500 Proposed Increase 270 Source: Carlsbad Unified School District, 1983. 96 PROPOSED GPA Number of Students 32 32 35 90 90 66 345 160 160 176 60 60 44 660 315 J _j ' ., I .. J J J .., J J J 111111111 .. ~ i ~ .~ 4' .. .. .. - ,. .. .. .. -.. .. .. .., .... .. .. -.. -.. .. 111111 .. -... NASLAND ENGINEERING TABLE 3-11 CURRENT SCHOOL ENROLLMENTS AND CAPACITIES School (grades) Magnolia Elementary School (K-6) 1905 Magnolia Avenue Carlsbad Valley Junior liigh School (7-8) 1646 Magnolia Avenue Carlsbad Carlsbad High School (9-12) 3557 Monroe Street Carlsbad Current Enrollment 517 685 • 1284 Source: Carlsbad Unified School District, 1983 • 97 Capacity 600 900 1800 higher, The school district would administer these funds to provide additional school buildings and busses if necessary, The provision of school fees by the developer is considered to mitigate potential impacts to insignificance, 6, Recreation Existing Conditions Carlsbad recognizes five types of parks in the General Plan; these are described in Table 3-12, The overall goal of 30 acres of park land per 1,000 City population is desired, As the City grows both physically and demo- graphically, park land is acquired and developed by the City to meet this goal, One of the methods to accomplish this goal is to "require developers of multi-family dwelling subdivisions of over 50 units to provide facilities that should be within close-use and supervisional distance of each home --including tot lots and areas for outdoor relaxation, exercise and sociali- zation." (Carlsbad, 1975d), Another method is to require developers to dedicate park land or pay in-lieu fees, whichever is the best interest of the City, Park facilities in existence in the City within two miles of the project site include Carlsbad State Beach, Magee Park, Holiday Park, an unnamed park at Park and Kelly Drives and Laguna Riviera in the City of Carlsbad, and Fire Mountain Park in Oceanside, Additional existing recreation facilities include El Camino Country Club, the marina at Agua Hedionda Lagoon and facilities which are adjacent to schools, Planned parks in the vicinity include a regional park at Lake Calavera, and three not-yet located community parks between El Camino Real and Lake Calavera. 98 J _1 J ~ J J J J .. J ~ J ~ J ~ I 4 ~ J J , • J .. ~ ~ i • .. l ◄ ~ ' ~ ~ , • r I "" "" ,--. .._ .-I f I If I .--I I I r 1 .-I .--ll .-I 1 _ .~LAND ENGINEERING TABLE 3-12 STJI.NDARDS FOR PARK AND RECREATION FACILITIES CLASS I FI CATION OF PARKS PLAYL0TS, MINI-Al\[) VEST POCKET PARKS NEIGHBORHOOD PARKS CCfvMUNlTY PARKS ACRES PER 1000 PEOPLE 0-5 1-10 1-10 SIZE RANGE 2,500 SQ.FT. TO 5 ACRES POPULATION SERVED 500-2500 MINIMLM: 5 ACRES 2000-5000 OPTIMLM: WIHOUT SCHOOL: 10-30 ACRES WITH SCHOOL: 5-25 ACRES NO MAXIMLM SIZE (LIMlTED BY USE .AND MAUHENANCE CAPACITY) MINIMLM: 20 ACRES (WITH SCHOOL) OPTIMLM: 20-MINIMLM: 5000 100 ACRES 0PTIMLM: 10000-25000 NO MAXIML.M SIZE MAXIMLM: 50000 I I W-I lll-"'1 SERVICE RADIUS MAXILM: 1/8 MILE OPTIMLM: 1/4-3/8 MILE MAXIMLM: 1/2 IN URBAN AREA, 1 MILE IN RURAL AREAS 1/3-3 MILES SPECIAL USE PARKS TOTAL: LOCAL PARKS 1-100 LAKES, GOLF COURSE, ARB0RETLMS, SPORTS AND AQUATICS CQvlPLEXES, ETC. 15 (MINIMLM) REGIONAL PARKS 15-20 (NOT APPLICABLE DIRECTLY TO CARLSBAD) TOTAL 30 (MINIMLM) SOURCE: CARLSBAD, 1975d 200+ ACRES ENTIRE COUNTY WITHIN 1 HOUR DRIVING TIME .-I Impact The project would add up to 1100 people to the Carlsbad area (SANDAG, 1983). About 500 people would be generated under the existing General Plan designations and parks for them have been planned for in the Parks and Recreation Element. The additional 600 people have not been considered in the planning of future park facilities, and thus would create an impact to existing and future parks in the City. Mitigation Carlsbad would require park fees or dedication of park land from the developer to mitigate· the impact to City park facilities. In addition, it is recommended that tot lots and passive recreation areas (landscaped open space) be included in the multi-family area of future development in accordance with the goals and policies of the Parks and Recreation Element of the General Plan. Guidelines for these facilities would be included in the Specific Plan for development of the site. These measures are considered to mitigate all impacts to parks and recreation facilities to insignificance. 100 J _1 J J ~ J J J ~ ~ J ~ J ~ 4 J J ~ J J ~ ~ ~ J ~ i ◄ ~ ' , J , • • .. - .. • • ,.. - .. --f • - "'" .. K. ENERGY Existing Conditions The project site is currently vacant and neither produces nor consumes energy. If the site were to be developed as designated in the existing General Plan, at full build-out the site would use 184,000 kilowatt hours of electricity and 18,400 therms of natural gas per month. This is based on a generation rate of 800 kw hours and 80 therms per dwelling unit. Using an average consumption rate of 15 miles per gallon, an estimated ADT of 2,140 (see Section III-A, Traffic) and an average trip length of 9.7 miles, development at the current General Plan designation could use up to 1,384 gallongs of gasoline per day, or 41,516 gallons per month. Impact The amount of electricity and natural gas expected to be used if the site were developed according to the proposed GPA would be 118% greater than what would be consumed under the existing GPA. An estimated 400,000 kw hours of electricity and 40,000 therms of natural gas could be used per month. This energy would be supplied by SDG&E. The supply of energy to the San Diego region is generally adequate to the present time. This condition may not be the same in the future however, unless plans are developed now to insure a continuous supply of energy and to provide for the most efficient use of the energy now available (Carlsbad, 1982) . Fuel requirements for the project site are expected to increase over by 118% to 2,716 gallons of gasoline per day or 81,480 gallons per month. Project site development under either the existing or proposed General Plan designations would have an incremental effect on total energy consumption in the region. The increase is considered to be adverse but not significant. 101 Mitigation Although the project is not considered to have a significant impact to energy sources, every reasonable step should be taken to conserve energy and maximize the region's existing resources. Reduction in automobile travel by future residents would partially mitigate the incremental impact on gasoline usage. The general location of the project site near the recreational, economic and commercial center for the Carlsbad area as opposed to a more isolated inland location is a primary benefit of the project and would result in lower gasoline consumption, The location of a major shopping center near to the site and a bus line along El Camino Real would reduce the number of vehicular trips. In addition to the above characteristics of project location which tend to reduce adverse impacts to energy consumption, it is recommended that the following measures be incorporated into the Specific Plan for future development, • Use of time-controlled thermostats in public places. • Use of fluorescent lighting or vapor lamps instead of incandescent lighting, wherever possible, • Use of solid state dimmer switches. • Use of solar water heating for swimming pools. • Use of passive solar space heating and cooling. • Use of north-south orientation of houses to maximize solar heating and natural ventilation. • Use of thermal mass building materials which provide minimum heat loss and gain, • Use of an electric heat pump system. • Insulation of hot water tanks and pipes. • Use of an automatic flue gas damper is using a gas heating system, • Inclusion of bikeways onsite, • Insulation of heating ducts, • Use of multi-story buildings to reduce heat loss and gain, 102 J ~ -J I ~ J ~ J , • J ~ ' • J J ~ 4 J , • , • J ~ I • ~ ' • ~ i ,.,. ~ 1 J , • ... -.. • \ • Use of light-colored roofing materials . ... • Use of photoelectric cells on security lighting • -• Promotion of increased utilization of existing bus routes . .. • .. --• .. -.. • ---... ------... --• ... -... ... ( ~ -103 ... - L. AIR QUALITY Existing Conditions Climate: climate. The San Diego area is dominated by the California Mediterranean A distinguishing characteristic of this climate is that maximum rainfall occurs during winter, usually between the months of December and March. Additionally, summers are warm and dry, winters are mild, and there is a high percentage of sunshine throughout the year. Temperatures in Carlsbad average 60°F. Winter minima usually remain above 40°F and summer maxima rarely exceed 80°F. The annual precipitation for Carlsbad is approximately 15 inches (UCAES, 1970). The prevailing winds for the entire county are westerly to northwesterly due to the predominant climatic influence of the offshore Pacific High Pressure Zone. The other wind pattern which periodically affects the county is the easterly Santa Ana condition, which produces occasional two or three day per iods of hot, dry desert winds. The afternoon temperature inversion layer, which is the atmospheric ceiling that traps air pollution near the surface, forms at an altitude that varies between 1500 feet and 2500 feet above sea level. During the winter, this in version layer forms in the morning at approximately 800 feet, while in the summer it forms at about 1100 feet. The atmospheric mixing depth below this layer therefore changes approximately 1200 feet on the average during the winter, but only 900 feet during the summer. This greater change between the morning and afternoon mixing depth from winter to summer increases the abili ty of the atmosphere to disperse pollutants during the winter. Thus, there is a greater concentration of air pollutants during the summer in the San Diego region. Air Quality: In order to measure the significance of the air quality impact of the proposed development, baseline air quality levels and State and 104 J ~ -J I , ~ J J ~ J ~ ' ~ J J -4 J J , ~ J ~ J ~ J ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 J , ~ .. .. ... ~ ' .. • .. -.. -.. ~ .. • .. --• -.. -• .. • .. • .. ... .. ... .. .. .. -I ~ • .. ... federal air pollution standards must be used, The Applicable Air Quality Standards (AAQS) are the levels of air quality considered safe, within an adequate margin, to protect the public health and welfare. National AAQS were established in 1971 for six (now seven) pollutants. States retained the option to establish more stingent standards of their own or to add standards for other pollutants. Because California had standards in existence before the federal action and because of unique air quality problems due to the re strictive meteorology, there is considerable diversity between California and federal AAQS, These standards are shown in Table 3-13, The air pollution monitoring station closest to the project site is the Oceanside station, located about S miles northwest of the site. Table 3-14 summarizes the air quality of this station over the three year period be ginning with 1979 (1982 data has not been finalized yet), This table shows that levels of primary pollutants directly attributable to any nearby source are well below applicable standards. In contrast, levels of secondary pollu tants that form by atmospheric chemical reactions during long-distance trans port, such as ozone and particulates, are much higher, Sources outside the San Diego Air Basin influence north San Diego County at times, Santa Ana winds can blow pollution from the Los Angeles Air Basin out to sea where it drifts south and is blown ashore again in San Diego County, This is a contributing factor to the relatively higher air pollutant levels at the Oceanside station than in other areas of the County . Air quality planning in San Diego County is the joint responsibility of the San Diego County Air Pollution Control District (APCD) and the Association of Governments (SANDAG). Together, they have developed plans and tactics to re duce air pollutant levels to attain all standards by 1987 as required by the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977, This plan, formerly known as the Regional Air Quality Strategy, is now called the San Diego Air Basin Revisions to the State Implementation Plan (SIP), The plan is based on a growth prediction developed by SANDAG utilizing local agency General Plans . 105 NASLAND ENGINEERING • I TABLE 3-13 J AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS -Pollutant Averaging Time California Standard■' National St11ndard11 i ' Concentration• Me1had' Primery11 Sec:ondery> • Method' Oaidant•0 1 hour 010 ppm Uhraviole1 --- ... J (200 ug/m1) Pholometry Ozone 1 hour --240 ug/m1 Same es Primary Chemiluminescenl 10.12 ppml Standard Method Carbon Monoxide -· ---Non-D 1sper sive Same es Non.Dispersive 8 hour 9pr,m Infrared 10 mg/m1 Primary Infrared ( 10 mg/m1 t Spee1roscopy 19 ppml Standards Spet1roscopy , .. 1 hour 20ppm 40 mg/ml JJ3 mg/m'J (35 ppm) Nitrogen Oio•ide Annual Average -100 ug/m1 Gas Phase (0.05 ppm) Saltzman Method Same as Pr,mary Chemiluminescence J 1 hour 025 ppm -Standards (470 ug/m1) Sulfur Dio:a;ide Annual Average -80 ug/m3 -1003 ppml J 24 hour 005 ppm 365 ug/m1 -J (131 ug/m111 Conduchmetrie (0.14 ppml Paraosanillne Melhod Method 3 hour --1300 ug/m1 (0.5 ppm) 1 hour OS ppm --J 11310 ug,m11 Suspended Annual Geomeiric 60 ug/m1 75 ug/m2 60 ug/m1 Panic:ulale Mean High Volume High Volume ~ Maner 24 hour 100 ug/m1 Sampling 260 ug/m1 150 ug/m1 Sampling .... Sulfates 24 hour 25 ugim1 AIHL Method -- -No. 61 ~ I Lead 30 day 1 .5 ug/m1 AIHL Method ---.. Average No.54 Calendar --1.S ug/m1 1.S ug/m1 Atomic J Ouaner Absorption Hydrogen 1 hour 0.03 pprn Cadmium - -- Sulfide .-(42 ug/m') Hydroxide Srractar Method , Hydrocarbons 3 hour - -160 ug/ml Same es Flame loniza1ion (Corrected for (6·9 a.m.J 10.24 ppm) Primary Oetec11on Using .. Melhane) Standards Gas Chromatography Vinyl Chloride 24 hour 0.010ppm Gas Chrom11og-J (C hloroelhene) (26 ug/m1J raphy (ARB staff repon 78-8-31 Ethylene 8 hour 0.1 pprn - - -- 1 hour 0.5 ppm J Visibility 1 observa1ion In sufficient amount to (81 Reducing reduce the prevailing v,sibihry Panicles lo less than 10 miles when the relaiive humid,~ is less than 70% - - -, APPLICABLE ONLY IN THE LAKE TAHOE AIR BASIN: .. Carbon Monollide 8 hour &ppm NDIR --(7 mg/m') ... Visibility 1 observation In suff,c,ent amount to CBI ... Reducing reduce the p,eva,hng vis1b1htv - --i-, P1nicles to less thin JO miles when the ' relative humtd,ty 11 hrss lhan 70% , .J. 106 .. .. -.. ... "" \ ,I .. • .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .w • .. .. Ill ,,,,,....- .... .. 1111 JII .. ~ Ill .. lit .. -.. .. ,,. ... f • ... .. 11111 NASLAND ENGINEERING TABLE 3-14 OCEANSIDE AIR QUALITY SUMMARY (1978 -1981) Pollutant/Standard Ozone (03) 1 HR> 0.10 ppm 1 HR> 0.12 ppm 1 HR> 0.20 ppm 1 HR) 0.35 ppm Maximum 1 HR concentration Carbon Monoxide (CO) 1 HR) 20 ppm 1 HR) 9 ppm Maximum 1 HR concentration Maximum 8 HR concentration Nitrogen Dioxide (N02) 1 HR> 0.25 ppm Annual) 0.05 ppm Maximum 1 HR concentration Annual Average Sulfur Dioxide (S02) 1 HR) 0.50 ppm 24 HR-) 0.05 ppm Maximum 1 HR concentration Maximum 24 HR concentration Suspended Particulates (TSP) 24 HR> 100 u/m3 24 HR> 150 u/ml 24 HR> 260 u/vr'J Maximum 24 HR concentration ·) • California Standard >•Federal Standard Source: SDAPCD, 1981 1979 45 22 1* 3* 0.36 ppm* 0 0 10.0 ppm 4.3 ppm 0 None 0.21 ppm 0.026 ppm 0 0 0.06 ppm 0.018 ppm 20/61* 1/61 0/61 180 u/ml* 1980 54 14 2 0 0.23 ppm* 0 0 8.0 ppm 5.8 ppm 0 None 0.19 ppm 0.019 ppm 0 0 0.05 ppm 0.020 ppm 32/61* 2/61 0/61 225 u/m3* 1981 48 15 1 0 0.29 ppm* 0 0 8.0 ppm 5.1 ppm 0 None 0.19 ppm 0.018 ppm 0 0 0.05 ppm 0.017 ppm 24/61 6/61* 1/61* 271 u/m3* * Highest value of all SDAPCD monitoring stations 107 Thus, if a project is in conformance with the General Plan, it is considered to be in conformance with the SIP Revisions. Impacts The proposed project would generate air pollutants from vehicular emissions, construction activities, power generation and water and space heating. Table 3-15 summarizes the emissions that would be generated by the proposed project. Appendix 7. Calculations used to determine the emissions are contained in Although the air pollution generated by the proposed project would be a very small addition to the air basin, the impact is part of the cumulative effect on the air quality in the basin. Since the area already experiences reactive hydrocarbon concentrations in excess of the federal standards, any increase in air pollutant emissions must be considered a significant impact. The project proposes to change the General Plan to allow more units on the site. The SIP Revisions were prepared using the General Plan designations to determine air emissions for the region; thus, the project is not in confor mance with the SIP, This must be considered a significant impact. The project site is located within one mile of shopping facilities at Plaza Camino Real and is served by existing transit routes along El Camino Real, It is reasonable to assume that many of the vehicle trips for the purposes of shopping taken by project residents would be less than Carlsbad's average trip length of 9.7 miles. This would result in fewer pollutants being gen- erated than if the site were located on the outskirts of the City, farther from shopping and transit facilities. Thus, the project's location is consi- dered to be a mitigating measure for air quality impacts. not reduce impacts to insignificance. 108 However, it does .. "' .. I _ .. ( I ', ~ ' I ... , .. .., J J ., J, J J ,~ \. ,.j J J J J J J J ~ '-, J J -.. ,,,. .. - ' -• -1111 • .. Ill I& .. Ill .. Ill -ill ----. iii,,-.. ... -.. .. Ill -.... .. ... .. ... .. ... .... ' • ~ ... Ill:, NASLAND ENGINEERING TABLE 3-15 AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS SUMMARY (tons/year) Vehicular Electricity Natural Gas Pollutants Use Consumption Consumption Hydrocarbons 24.540 Carbon Monoxide 249.392 0.724 0.399 Nitrogen Oxide 29.079 5.170 2.0 Sulfer Dioxide 0.077 0.119 Particulates (TSP) 1.45 0.199 TOTAL 303.011 7.421 2. 717 Source: Appendix 7. 109 Fireplace Use 1.24 29.70 0.25 4.95 36.14 Mitigation It is recommended that the following measures be incorporated into the pro ject when the Specific Plan is prepared. These measures would help to reduce vehicle trips and thus reduce air quality impacts. • Residents should be encouraged to use transit services whenever poss ible, and developer contributions to transit service should be consi dered. • Parking should be designed so that the most desirable spaces would be designated for small csrs, and so that pollutants would not be gener ated close to playgrounds or other outdoor recreation areas on the site. • Safe and convenient pedestrian facilities should be provided. • Facilities for the safe storage of bicycles should be provided. • Use of bicycles should be encouraged, and developer contributions to a City-wide network of bikeways should be considered. In addition, the following measures should be utilized to reduce emissions from power generation and water and space heating. • Energy-efficient street lighting. • Optimum insulation. • Provision of solar space heating, hot water systems and pool heating. • Energy efficient built-in appliances. 110 "" J J J J J J "" J J J ... • -- - - .. .. ... SECTION IV ALTERNATIVES The project has been determined to have the following significant or poten tially significant unmitigable impacts: • A significant short-term impact to Chestnut Avenue; • A significant cumulative impact to the interchange at SR 78 and El Camino Real; • A potentially significant impact from the possible presence of a large-scale landslide on the site; • A significant impact to development from the geology of the site below the 200-foot contour; • A significant impact to the topography of the site; • A significant impact to the quality of the view from the horse ranch; • A short-term significant impact to residences within 50 feet of the project site due to noise from construction; • A potentially significant impact to Buena Vista Lagoon from erosion and runoff during construction; • A potentially significant impact to the possible archaeologi cal resources on the site; and • A significant cumulative impact to the air quality of the Carlsbad region, In accordance with CEQA, the following alternatives which would result in fewer significant impacts than the proposed project are described and evalu ated below, 111 A. NO PROJECT The No-Project alternative would result in no changes in land use designa tions; the designations on the site would remain at RLM and RM, and future development would be in conformance with these designations. The possibility for amendments to the General Plan to change the designation still exists. The alternative would generate less traffic than the proposed project, and thus, the impact to the interchange at SR 78 and El Camino Real would be re duced, but not to insignificance. Elimination of the impact could only occur with the redesign of the interchange to allow an improved traffic flow--this is the responsibility of Caltrans and the Cities of Carlsbad and Oceanside. The short-term impact to Chestnut Avenue would still be significant until Chestnut is improved to expand its capacity or until Elm Avenue is completed and provides arterial east/west connection through the City, which would draw off traffic from Chestnut. Impacts from the geologic conditions on the site would still remain poten- tially significant. Further investigation of the possibility of a large scale landslide must be done prior to any development of the site, If development of the drainage area in the eastern part of the site is proposed, then impacts from geologic conditions in that area would also still be sig nificant, The impact to the site's topography would still be signficant, if development were to occur over the entire site; however, the magnitude of the impact would be less than the proposed project, since the large pads required for multi-family buildings would not be needed, to insignificance, however. The impact would not be reduced The view from the horse ranch would be significantly affected, and the poten tial for erosion and sedimentation of Buena Vista Lagoon would still be sig nificant, since these impacts would be due to any development on the site. 112 J ,.. 1 I J J J J J J J -., ~ J j , • J j , ~ ~ ~ -, 1 ~ ~ ~ .. .. .. 1111 .. ... 1111 .. .. .. 1111 ... .. .. .. .. --... .. -.. .. -,,. .. ' .. -- The short term impact to surrounding residences from construction noise would still be significant, since it would be caused by any development on the site. The archaeologic resources must be investigated to determine the significance of any development-related impact. ficant issue. Thus, this remains a potentially signi- If development on the site were in conformance with the existing General Plan, then it would also be in conformance with the region's SIP/RAQS. How ever, significant impacts to air quality in the region would still occur, since the project would be responsible for adding pollutants to the air . 113 B. NO DEVELOPMENT ALTERNATIVE This alternative would consist of the site being designated open space or other land use which would prohibit development. No development would there fore be permitted on the site and no significant impacts to traffic, noise, hydrology, air quality, visual resources, topography or geology would occur. The potential for development would be precluded by the land use designation, and the site would remain in open space. This is the only alternative which would eliminate or avoid all significant . impacts associated with the proposed project. 114 J ,.. 1 J J .., J J , .,.j J , .. J -... .. , ... ... ... .. • .. .. ... Ill ... 11111 ... ~ ~ .. Iii -Ill .. .. .. .. - -- .. --- ----I • -.. .. C. DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING TO A CONCEPT PLAN One possible way to design development on the site is shown on figure 4-1. This shows a general location of roadways and land uses on the site. Apart ment uses are located in the northern part of the site, while single family houses are located in the southern portion. The internal streets would stub out at Ridgecrest Drive and the Sheffler project, and main access would be provided on Elm Avenue. in some areas • This alternative would result in increased impacts Impacts to the SR 78/El Camino Real interchange, air quality, the topography of the site, the view from the horse ranch and to the possible archaeological resources would remain significant or potentially significant. Impacts to development from the possible large-scale landslide, from geologic conditions below the 200-foot contour and from noise from El Camino Real would also be significant or potentially significant. An additional impact which would result from the implementation of this al ternative would be the impact to the horse ranch. The plan shows that the ranch would be bordered on three sides by subdivision roads, and proposes that the roads straddle the property line. The project proponent would con struct only that portion of the roads that are located on the Alanda site • The owner, or future developer, of the horse ranch would be responsible for the construction of the remaining portion. The project applicant has no guarantee that the horse ranch would ever be developed with other uses. Thus, the subdivision roads might remain at half-width, In the case of the two cul-ce-sacs, this is probably not significant since the cul-de-sacs would only support six to eight lots. However, in the case of the through street which would provide the major north/south access on the site, the nar row roadway could be significant, 115 I NASLAND ENGINEERING CONCEPTUAL PLAN FOR THI! -Dl!Vl!LOPMENT OF THI! ALANDA PROJECT 116 // .. -:=: :·,'. • A~t< . Jl ,::, -• · >~:· ·-:•= .• __ ::;: :::: o aoo eoo ii <\,\\.?: FEET •-.r· " ./ f( :: •• 't < \\\tt:.)JF ··:' t\.:, : ~ \-'.,<,,x:· '·· '\\. ,,,;..:t::\:\-:::::::'7 .• --~ FIGURE 4-1 .. .., , -· • I J J lllllf J J lllllf J J J ~ ,4 ~ J .. .. .. .. ~ .. .. .. .. .. .. J J -~ ... J -.. .. .. • ---• -• .. .. .. -----I --... D, DEVELOPMENT ACCORDING TO THE CONCEPt PLAN WITHOUT THE CONSTRUCTION OF ELM AVENUE This alternative would have similar impacts to Alternative C, described above, However, the lack of construction of Elm Avenue would result in two additional major significant impacts, The first is the loss of a needed east/west li~k in the City's circulation system (see Section III-A, Traffic for a discussion of the need for this roadway), The second is that all pro- ject traffic would have to utilize the stub outs at Ridgecrest and the Sheff- ler project, A third access point would have to be developed into the Deve- lopment Consultant project to the north, These access points would be neces sary because the City does not permit local street or driveway access to Prime Major Arterials, such as El Camino Real. Thus, the lack of Elm Avenue would substantially increase traffic on Ridgecrest and the future Sheffler street, Since the Sheffler road may not be constructed for a number of years due to project phasing, all of the Alanda project traffic would use Ridge- crest until the Sheffler road-is constructed, The addition of this traffic is considered to be a significant impact on the neighborhood circulation sys tem. 117 E. DEVELOPMENT WHICH AVOIDS ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINT AREAS The areas which are considered environmental constraint areas are those which would result in significant impacts which are not reasonably mitigable for economic or aesthetic reasons. Constraints are shown on Figure 4-2 and in clude the large-scale landslide area, the possible archaeologic site, the corridor which would experience noise levels greater than 65 dB(A), and the area lower than the 2OO-foot contour, which contains geologic conditions that may require expensive mitigation measures. The large-scale landslide would, if it is found to be present after further investigation, preclude develop ment of the site. The archaeologic site is not shown on Figure 4-2 (see Fig ure 3-5) and would require further investigation to determine its signifi- cance. This alternative which would avoid these constraint areas (after the deter mination of the archaeologic significance). Impacts from geology and noise, and impacts to topography would be reduced. Impacts to views from the horse ranch would still be significantly affected. Impacts to views from El Camino Real would not be adverse as is the case with the proposed project, since there would be a visual buffer of open space between the roadway and project development. This alternative would utilize the general location of residential inten sities as shown on the Conceptual Plan (Figure 4-1), to border higher density multi-family structures with the approved Develoment Consultant apartments. 118 J , ,-4 I ~ .J J J J J , OIi J -.,ij "" ; .. "" .. ... I .. "" .. "" ... "" 1111 ... I .. ~ .. .. -.. .. Ill .. .. lllli .. Ill .... -.. .. -.. .. • .. NASLAND ENGINEERING ENVIRONMENTAL ·coNSTRAINT 'AREAS • 119 FIGURE 4-2 120 J ,..1 ~ I J J J J J J J ""' J , .. "" ' .. "" • .. ~ -• -► - -- ----.. ------I • --- SECTION V GROWTH INDUCEMENT Growth inducing impacts occur when a proposed project may cause development of surrounding properties prior to planned development, This is generally due to the expansion of utilities and services (including roads) to a given area. If the area had not previously been serviced, the provision of such services can theoretically induce growth, The project is change in land use designation and would not directly cause development on the site, The existing General Plan designation and zone would permit a certain level of residential development on the site, and the proposed GPA would increase the intensity by allowing up to 270 more units. The site is adjoined by existing and future development on all sides, and though no utilities cross the property, it is served by existing water and sewer mains, and electricity and telephone wires. Development of the site, at either the density now shown by the General Plan or the density proposed by the project, would not result in the construction of new utilities across vacant land, Development of the project site would result in the construction of Elm Ave nue west from El Camino Real. This roadway is a planned, necessary element of the Carlsbad circulation system, The addition of a new segment of the roadway would probably increase pressure on the owners of vacant land between the eastern and western termini of Elm to develop their property and con struct their sections of Elm. However, since the roadway is planned for by the General Plan and is considered a necessary link in the circulation system, this is not considered a growth inducing impact, By requesting an increase in residential density, the project might result in the proposal of increased land use intensities on other property, The Alanda site is generally surrounded by already developed or developing land (i.e.; it has been approved for development or is under construction). The project 121 might be considered to increase pressure for the subdivision of the horse ranch, since the owner may not find it congenial to be completely surrounded by residential development. impact of the project. This is considered a potentially significant 122 J -l -' I J J J J J ~ J J -4 "" i • "" ' • "" ' • ~ .. ~ - "" • "" ' • -.... • • "" - .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 1111 .. • .. Ill .. ... • .. .. r .. -.. - SECTION VI TRE RELATIONSRIP BETWEEN LOCAL SRORT-TERM USES OF MAN'S ENVIRONMENT AND TRE MAINTENANCE AND ENRANCEMENT OF LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY The proposed project is change in land use designation to increase the den- sity of residential development on the project site. The proposed GPA would not commit the project site to development. Rowever, development of the site would have cumulative impacts caused indirectly by the project. The develop ment of the site would result in a reduction of open land in order to provide residential units . The composition and range of the native vegetation and wildlife populations, and well as the natural landform, would be substan tially altered. Traffic levels would increase, as would the associated noise and air pollutant emissions. With the building of new residences, demand for energy, raw materials and public services would also increase, dust and noise would be created temporarily by construction, Increased Development of the project site would provide temporary jobs during the con struction phases. A long-term effect would be to provide dwellings for resi- dents, both new and those already in Carlsbad who wish to move, The apart- ment units would be directed to moderate income households, and construction of the units would expand the number of units now available for families of moderate income . Associated economic benefits that would likely be realized include an increase in land values, an expanded tax base for municipal im provements and a "trickle-down" effect of creating additional jobs in the community . The long-term effects of the construction of residences would be to increase the number of moderate income units in the City, This could result in an increase in the number of moderate income families in the City, and would improve the economic balance of City residents, This is considered to be a beneficial impact, since it follows the guidelines set forth by the State of California, 123 Energy has been and will continue to be a critical resource necessary in maintaining regional growth. Implementation of energy conservation measures and attitudes take on increasing importance as the demand for energy ap- proaches the available supply and energy costs continue to increase. Simi- larly, water in the San Diego region is becoming an increasingly scarce re source. Lack of potable water may limit the ability of the region to support the rapidly increasing population. Future agriculture production in the re- gion would experience a rapid decline if water resources were, by necessity, diverted to residential uses. 124 J , -.. ' J J J J J ... J J ~ J ., .. , .. -I .. .. 1111 .. .. • - .. • -.. --- - SECTION VII SIGNIFICANT IRREVERSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES WHICH WOULD RESULT IF THE PROPOSED PROJECT WERE IMPLEMENTED The commitment of the natural, open land to residential development would permanently remove the existing plant and animal communites which currently occupy the project site, The natural topography would be transformed from its existing condition into graded sites for streets and building sites, The natural landform comprises a resource that has adapted over an extensive pe riod of time to the climatic, edaphic and topographic conditions peculiar to the San Diego region. Encroachment of development upon this natural area would not only alter the aesthetic and recreational aspects of the site, but would eliminates any scientific and educational potential as well, In addition to these general impacts, the proposed GPA and zone change could indirectly eliminate an archaeologic site, increase sedimentation of Buena Vista Lagoon, increase traffic congestion in the vicinity, increase air pollutant emissions, and increase demand for energy and water, 125 126 J _J J J J .. J .. J J J J - "" ' .. .. I .. , .. .. "" .. .. "" I .. .. .. .. ... .. .. • .. .. .. .. .. .. .. - ... .. .. .. .. "' • ... .. --.. "" .. I .. .. -.. Brammell, Tom, 1983, July 8, SECTION Vll I REFERENCES Costa Real Water District, Telephone conversation, California Department of Fish and Game, 1971, Status Report on California's Threatened Amphibians and Reptiles, by R,B, Bury, Carlsbad, City of, 1983a, Police Department, Engineering correspondance, June 20, Written response to Nasland -----,.-, 1983b. El Camino Real Corridor Discussion Paper, Research and Analysis Group, May, ----, 1983c, Written correspondence to Nasland Engineering, April 18 . ____ , 1983d, July 12 • Engineering Department, Traffic counts for City streets, , 1982a, Buena Vista Park Plaza General Plan Amendment Draft Envi-----ronmental Impact Report (EIR #82-5), September. , 1982b, Engineering Department Policy #1: Single Entrance (Cul----,-. de-Sac) Subdivisions, April 7, ____ , 1975a. ruary . Scenic Highways Element of the Carlsbad General Plan, Feb- , 1975b, Circulation Element of the Carlsbad General Plan, May . ---- ' 1975c, Noise Element of the Carlsbad General Plan, June, ---- • 1975d, Parks and Recreation Element of the Carlsbad General Plan, ----::---,-· ~'ebruary 25. Carlsbad Unified School District, 1983, Potter, June 30, 1983 . Written correspondence from Marilyn Dennis, Valerie, 1983, Market Family Housing Representative, u.s. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Telephone conversation,_July 8, Everett, W,T,, 1979, Threatened, Declining and Sensitive Bird Species in San Diego County, Sketches, San Diego Audubon Society, Greer, Roger, 1983, Director of Utilities, City of Carlsbad, Telephone con versation with Martha Wiley, June 17, Hofreiter, Mike, 1983, July 12, Century 21 Real Estate, 127 Telephone conversation, Holzmiller, Michael J., 1983. City of Carlsbad, Land Use Planning Manager. Presentation at American Planning Association meeting, June 23. International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1976. The First Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Conven tion on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Bernew, Switzerland, 26 November. Klukas, Paul, 1983. Assistant Planner, City of Carlsbad. Telephone conver sations with Martha Wiley, June 29 and July 11. Lauppe, Earl, 1983. California Department of Fish and Game. Telephone con versation with Martha Wiley, July 5. National Academy Engineering Report #87. of Sciences, 1965. National Research Counceil, Division of and Industrial Research. Highway Capacity Manual, Special Washington, D.C. Peters, Greg, 1983. Biologist, California Board of Water Quality, San Diego Region. Telephone conversation with Martha Wiley, July 5. Potter, Marilyn, 1983. Carlsbad Unified School District. sation, July 11. Telephone conver- Remsen, J.S., 1978. Bird Species of Special Concern in Annotated List of Declining or Vulnerable Bird Species. partment of Fish and Game. California; An California D"e=° SANDAG, 1983. Average Daily Traffic Volumes in San Diego County, April. ---,,-, 1983. Sourcepoint, 1980 Census information. Telephone conversation, July 12. ___ , 1981. San Diego Traffic Generators, as revised, November. ___ ., 1980. Average Trip Lengths, Time and Distances For SRA's of Produc tion. Based on March 29, 1978, Series IV-B Population Forecasts. ___ ., 1974. Environmental Noise Policy Study, November. ---:-·' 1973. Development of Ground Transportation Systems Noise Contours for the San Diego Region, Wyle Research Report WCR 73-8, December. San Diego County, 1975. Noise Element of the San Diego County General Plan, Appendix D, Environmental Development Agency, January. San Diego Gas & Electric Company (SDG&E), 1978. ruary 20. Annual Report, 1977. Feb- San Diego Herptetological Society, 1980. Status of the Indigenous Amphibians of San Diego County. 128 J "" I -cl ' J J J , ... J , .. "" I ... -·• "" ,.j .., ' ... ,. .. .. .. J ... .. ... .. ~ ~ .. "" .. .. .. - .. .. .. ~ .. Ill ,. .. --• llt - / -... Sauter, Dave, 1983. Encina Wastewater Treatment Plant. tion, July 8. Telephone conversa- Stewart, L, 1971. He:ryetolozy. Rare and Endangered Reptiles of Cslifornia, Pasedena. Tarzin, Sheila, 1983. City of Carlsbad Police Department, Statistical Analysis. Telephone conversation, July 12 • Tate, James, 1981. The Blue List for 1981. The First Decade. American Birds Vol. 35, No. l, PP• 3-10 . U.S. EPA, 1971, Transportation Noise and Noise from Equipment Powered by Internal Combustion Engines, Environmental Protection Agency MT 10300.13 . Watson, Brian, 1983. Battalion Chief, Carlsbad Fire Department. correspondance, June 20. Written Whitson, Dana Heald, 1983. Special Projects Director. Community Development Center, City of Oceanside. Telephone conversation with Martha Wiley, July 5. Whitson, Kent, 1983. Traffic Engineer, City of Carlsbad. Personal conversa tion with Doug Weber, July 11. Wischmeier, W. H., 1973. "Upslope Erosion Analysis", Impact on Rivers (liver Mechanics III). Edited and Wen Shen, P.O. Box 606, Fort Collins, Colorado. 129 in Environmental published by Hsieh 130 J , -4 ' J J J J -.. , .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. ... la .. ... .. ... .. .. .. "' 1111 ... "' .. .. "' .. ... - Ill .. ... -.. .. I .. .. SECTION IX STATEMENT OF ACCURACY AND QUALIFICATIONS This report was prepared by the Environmental Department of Nasland Engineering. The following members of the professional staff contributed to this report: Martha B. Wiley M.A . Geography William A. Moser B.S. Engineering, R.C.E. (California) Douglas G. Weber B.S • Engineering, R.C.E. (California) Grady D. Dutton B.S . Engineering, R.C.E. (California) James R. Leathers Senior Designer The following consultants contributed to this report: Wier Biological Consultants Heritage Environmental Services Geocon, Inc. Biological Resources Archaeological Report Geology and Soils Analysis The following staff of the City of Carlsbad's Land Use Planning Department were primarily responsible for directing this environmental analysis and reviewing draft reports: Paul J. Klukas William Hofman Michael J. Holzmiller Assistant Planner Principal Planner Manager, Land Use Planning We hereby affirm that to the best of our knowledge and belief, the statements and information contained herein are in all respects true and correct and that all information concerning the potentially significant environmental effects of the project has been included and fully evaluated· in this EIR. NASLAND ENGINEERING ~~Wi~;w~ Environmental Manager 131 .. .. .. ► I ... Ill. .. .. .. "" .. -... .. .. -.. .. .. .. .. .. --f .. .. -.. DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT ALANDA PROJECT APENDICES Prepared for: City of Carlsbad 1200 Elm Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 Prepared by: Nasland Engineering 4855 Ruffner Street San Diego, CA 92111 August 15, 1983 • • .. • ~ -• ~ • -.. -.. • ~ ~ • ~ ..,_ ~ .. • .. - ~ - ~ ~ • -----f • --- Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 APPENDICES TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Tab Traffic Calculations and Assumptions 1 Soil and Geologic Report for Alanda Project 2 Noise Analysis Worksheet 3 Biology Survey Report and Impact Analysis 4 Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Alanda Project 5 Service Letters 6 Air Quality Data 7 ... ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. ... Ill ... .. ... .. --f .. -.. Appendix 1 Traffic Calculations and Assumptions .. -.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 1111 1111 .. -.. ... .. .. -.. .. .. I -.. -.. INTERSECTION CAPACITY UTILIZATION ANALYSIS INTERSECTION EL CA>1tlMQ fl.I~ A I. /M ~ ttti! t3 I eJ, F'I. "- MOVE• LANES CAPA• EXISTING PROJECT EXISTING EXIST. IPAOJ. MENT CITY PEAK HR. PEAK HR, IP\.US PROJEO' V/C V/C VOLUME VOLUME IPK. HR. VOL. RATIO RATIO ~ NL 2 3200 173 I&, I '8,:, . os . ot, NT 3 4800 b6' ~I 730 • I~ it ., 7J NR -Rn 7 137 -- SL .2. ?> 200 / 2' 12 14-1 • D 4. ff . "141' ST 3 ~8t>O si.~ • ..f~ .;-7" • I 1 . /4 SR -~8 t. 74 -- EL I /Jt)O J .+2. 13 I er S" .o~ • JO ET 2. 32c>O 21"'-. J fJIJ 233 • I 3 if . ,.~ ER -2,~ 2.0 2:,,S--- WL ' 1,tJo I 2 2. t. I /33 .l>~~ .oR~ wr 2. 32.DD J -a., 12. l43 , 07 .OS WR -I I')~ ~ I I I -- YEL'LOW TIME .10 ~ • 101t EXISTING INTERSECTION CAPACITY UTILIZATION (I.C.U.} .5"/ - EXIST. PLUS PROJ. INTERSECTION CAPACiTY UTILIZATION ( 1.C.UJ .s-4 I .C.U. IS SLM CRITICAL MOVEMENTS, DENOTED SY ASTERISK (H) N=NORTHBOUND, S=SQIJTHBOUND, E=EASTBOUNO, W=WESTSOUND, T=THROUGH, L=LEFT R.=RIGHT TOTAL V/C LEV. OF SERV. £X.ISTIN(;., J.,O,S, 6 l..NO. 0.70 8 Et!$ TIN~ Ptus Pllo'S'Et:. T .L,O,S, 8 0.70-0.79 C 0.80-0.84 0 0.85-0.89 o+ 0.90-0.99 E OVER 1.00 ♦ F NASLAND ENGINEERING CIVIL ENGINEERING -SURVEYING -LAND PLANNING 2020 OCEANSIDE· BLVD., OCEANSIDE, CA 92_os·4 439-3313 I EL CAMINO REAL/MARRON ROAD (CONFLICTING MOVES) EXISTING EVENING PEAK HOUR /0.17, 0.05 0.12 /0.16" 0.09 _ 0.01 NBLT SB & SBRT EBLT WB & WBRT EL CAMINO REAL --------MARRON ROAD SBLT NB & NBRT • 0.04 0.16 WBLT _ EB & EBRT 0.08 0.13 ,0.20*/ ~0.21*/ EXISTING PLUS PROJECT PROJECT PLUS EVENING PEAK HOUR /0.20" 0.06 0.14 NBLT SB & SBRT EBLT -WB & WBRT EL CAMINO REAL MARRON ROAD SBLT NB & NBRT WBLT EB & EBRT e 0.08 o 0.15 ~0.23*/ J , -4 I J J J J J J J .. .. .. .. .. 11111 - .. .. .. .. .. -.. -.. .. ~ ; ... -.. ---r - INTERSECTION CAPACITY UTILIZATION ANALYSIS INTERSECTION El CAMINQ 8.~~, / E l:.M. ~ "'~ ~ MOVE-LANES CAPA· EXISTING PROJECT EXISTING EXIST. IPROJ. MENT CITY PEAK HR. PEAK HR. PLUS PROJEO V/C V/C VOLUME VOLUME PK. HR. VOL. RATIO RATIO NL I /600 0 /00 100 . o.c.. NT 2 32.l'PO 8 80 0 B l1 o -,3 l")lt NR ----t:.S-0 t:::S - SL 1 1600 70 0 70 r,~ sr 3 4600 87.~ 0 FJ 7S .21"1 SR --() rtJs JtjS: - EL I · I 6t>o 0 2 35"" 23,~ .,~ ET t /t,oo 6 I IJ / /) .07 ER --0 /00 100· - WL ., 1,ao 7 /"') C 70 -04- wt -, J ,oo {'j s S". ~O~ WR --7 I"') r, 70 - YELLOW TIME ., 0 ,JO.,ii EX!SrtNG INTERSECTION CAPACITY UTILIZATION (I.C.U.) -EXIST. PLUS PROJ. INTERSE:CTJON CAPACITY UTILIZATION ( f.C.UJ .,4 1.c.u. IS SLM CRITICAL MOVEMENTS, DENOTED BY ASTERlSK (H) N=NORTHBOUND, S=SOUTHBOUND, E=EASTBOUND, W=WESTSOUr-0, T=THROl.G'i, L=LEFT . R.=RIGHT TOTAL V/C LEV. OF SERV. , Ey.1s;1N4 /Jl.~S PADJEGT ll-lD. 0.70 ' a l.fJ.S. 8 0.10-0.79 C 0.80-0.84 0 0.85-0.89 o+ 0.90-0.99 E OVER 1.00 ♦ F NASLAND ENGINEERING CIVIL ENGINEERING -SURVEYING -LAND PLANNING 2020 OCEANSIDE' BLVD,, OCEANSIDE• CA 920S4 439-3313 EL CAMINO REAL/ELM AVENUE (CONFLICTING MOVEMENTS) EXISTING PLUS PROJECT PEAK HOUR /0.26~ 0.06 0.20 NBLT e SB & SBRT EL CAMINO REAL SBLT NB & NBRT e ~0.20*" 0.15 o.os EBLT e WB & WBRT -----------ELM AVENUE WBLT EB & EBRT 8 0.04 0.07 ~o.u./ J _j • J J ... J J J , .. .. j .. ... ~ ... , .. .. .. ... .. • .. .. -.. .. • .. .. ... -.. .. -.. -- .. • - .. I • .. ... CALCULATED TRAFFIC VOLUMES WESTBOUND ON ELM AVENUE LAND USE AREA TRIP GENERATION RATE VOLUME (AOT) RLM 36.5 ACRES 10/UNIT 730 (2 DU/A) OS 35.l ACRES RM 38.6 ACRES 8/UNIT 2,162 (7 DU/A) TOTAL 2,892 DISTRIBUTION WAS ASSUMED TO BE 50% NORTHBOUND ANO 50% SOUTHBOUND . 9-8 TRAFFIC SIGNALS AND LIGHTING Traffic Manual 12-1971 Figure l-1C TRAFFIC SIGNAL WARRANTS URBAN ........ _)( __ .... _ .. _ .. RURAL ....................... : .. Mini-• Requir..,..nts EADT 1. Mini•• YNicular Sotisfi•d Not Satisfiff ){ Velaicles per clay on major VehidH per day on hi,Jier-, stre.t (total of both ¥10IUfNminor-stNetapp10Kh Hu•Mr of la11os for mowing tnaffic on Nch •PfH011ch app19aches) (one cfiNCtion •ly) Major Street Minor Stre.t u .... ..... u,... ltuNII 1 ............. 1 ................ 8,000 5,600 2,.«JO 1,680 2 or fflON •••••••• 1 ................ 9,600 6,720 2,«>0 1,680 2 or more ........ 2 ., _, •........... 9,600 /~Jt]CO 6,720 3,200 2 NO 2 2«1 .) . 1 ............ -2 or more .....•...•. 8,000 5,600 3,200 2,2«1 2. lnterruptiOII of Continuous Traffic )( Vehicles per clay on major Vehides per •Yon higher- Satisfi.d Mot Satidi•4 street (total of both .,.,.,... mino,-st ... oppNam approachH) (one cliNCtion only) NumlteroflanH formowingtrafficon Nchapproodt Major StNOt Minor StrNt Urt.n Rural Urban Rural 1 ............. I ................ 12,000 1,400 1,200 850 2 or more ....••.• 1 ................ 1.4,CIO 10,0IO 1,200 150 2 or 1110re .••.•••• 2or M9re ........... 1',«IO ,~ ea,10.080 1,600 2; JOO 1,131 1 .............. 2 or more ........... 12,000 8,«IO 1,600 1,120 3. Co■lainotion X /2 wa,,_,.] Satisfiotl Net Setisfie.1 2 Worn111t1 -)Juy_.,..-t # 2. ' Ho no wtarrant sotisfie.l •' following wonuts e ol I fulfilled'°" or MON ...... l!,O """' U.Jur,-•..-,•t-f 1 2 di MOTE: 1. L.tt tum .. .,...,.,__tho major street 111ay N inclu4ocf with minor street vol11111os if• separate 1i••I phaao ia to k P••idocl t.r tho left-turn -•-••· 2. To N use.I •Ir for NEW INTERSECTIONS or other locations whore octuol traffic ¥Olu111es connot &. counted. J , .. :J ... J .. J J ... • .. 11111 .. - ... Ill .. .. .. ... • -.. 1111 .. -.. .. .. r ,. .. Ill ULTIMATE BUILDOUT CONTRIBUTING TO TRAFFIC LAND USE AREA DENSITY RLM 408.2 ACRES 2 DU/A RM 169.0 ACRES 7 DU/A RMH 40.4 ACRES 15 DU/A RRI 83.0 ACRES c, oc, 0 114.3 ACRES TS 52.0 ACRES E 8.5 ACRES TOTAL ON ROADWAYS IN THE PROJECT AREA TRIP GENERATION TRIPS 10/UNIT 8,164 8/UNIT 9,464 8/UNIT 4,848 494/ACRE 41,002 359/ACRE 41,034 359/ACRE 18,668 30/ACRE 255 123,435 ASSUMPTIONS THE PRECEEDING CALCULATIONS MADE THE FOLLOWING ASSUMPTIONS: 1) IN ALL CASES PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC WAS SSUMED TO BE 10% OF THE ADT. 2) EXISTING WESTBOUND TRAFFIC ON ELM AVENUE WAS ASSUMED TO BE THAT GENERATED BY THE MIDPOINT OF DENSITIES SHOWN FOR THE AREA ON THE GENERAL PLAN. 3) TRAFFIC GENERATED AT ULTIMATE BUILDOUT OF THE REGION WAS ASSUMED TO BE THAT PRODUCED USING THE MIDPOINT OF DENSITIES SHOWN FOR THE LAND USE DESIGNATED ON THE GENERAL PLAN. J , -4 ' J J J J J j .. ' • .. ' "" .. : .. ' .. .. .. .. .. .. .. '"' .. '"' .. ... .. .. .. .. ... '"' 11111 .. .. 11111 .. .. -.. - I .. .. .. 1111 REFERENCES CALTRANS, 1977. TRAFFIC MANUAL. UPDATED FEBRURY 22, 1983. ISSUED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION . CARLSBAD, CITY OF, 1974. PLANNING COMMISSION CASE NO. GPA 28A, EXHIBIT NO. 4, (WITH REVISIONS). OCTOBER 16. CARLSBAD, CITY OF. STREET STANDARDS . CARLSBAD, CITY OF. EIR NO. 82-5, SCH# 92072105, DATED OCTOBER 27, 1982. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, 1965. HIGHWAY CAPACITY MANUAL. SPECIAL REPORT 87, PUBLICATION 1328 . SAN DIEGO ASSOCIATION OF GOVERNMENTS, 1983. AVERAGE WEEKDAY TRAFFIC VOLUMES, NORTH SAN DIEGO COUNTY AREA, APRIL . SAN DIEGO ASSOCIATION OF GOVERNMENTS, 1979. TRAFFIC GENERATORS. WITH REVISIONS, MAY . .. -• "" .. .. ... .. Ill .. Ill -Ill "" .. .. 11111, .. .. illl ... -.. Ill .. .. ' .. .. ... Appendix 2 Soil and Geologic Reconnaissance for Alanda EIR Carlsbad, California .. .. .. ► .. ... .. ... ... ... ... • .. .. .. ... 1111111 ... .. .. ... .. .. .. -.. -I '° .. .. - SOIL AND GEOLOGIC RECONNAISSANCE FOR ALANDA EIR CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA For NASLAND ENGINEERING San Diego, California By GEOCON, INCORPORATED San Diego, California July, 1983 GEOCON I N C O R p O R A T E D ENGINEERS AND GEOLOGISTS • CONSUl.TANTS IN THE APPLIED EARTH SCIENCES File No. D-2981-MOl July 13, 1983 Nasland Engineering 4855 Ruffner Street San Diego, California 92111 Attention: Subject: Gentlemen: Ms, Martha B, Wiley ALANDA EIR CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA SOIL AND GEOLOGIC RECONNAISSANCE In accordance with your request, we have performed a soil and geologic reconnaissance of the subject property. The accompanying report presents the findings and conclusions from our study, If there are any questions regarding this report or if we may be of further service, please contact the undersigned, Very truly yours, GEOCON, INCORPORATED \ ' .. \'._ J .>,.,~_-' ,,~'--/-'"· ' Michael W, Hart CEG 706 AEF:MWH:lm (4) addressee ■ 9530 DOWDY DRIVE • SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92126 • PHONE (714) 695-2880 J , -• I .., J J J J J J J -4 """ J """ i .. """ , .. ,.. • ... ... '"' .. "" --"""" "I .. "" .. .. .. ... .. ' .. .. .. -.. ---.. IL .. .. .. -.. -• '"" .. .. ... .. .. .. -I .. .. File No. D-2981-MOl July 13, 1983 SOIL AND GEOLOGIC RECONNAISSANCE Purpose and Scope The purpose of this soil and geologic reconnaissance of the subject was to provide preliminary geotechnical information for the preparation of an environmental impact report for the site. The scope of our services consisted of field mapping by our engineering geologist and a review of geotechnical reports and information relative to the site. In particular, the following was reviewed: • • • • • • • • "Eocene and Related Geology of a Portion of the San Luis Rey and Encinitas Quadrangles," San Diego County, California by Kenneth Lee Wilson, 1972. "Fault Map of California," California Division of Mines and Geology by C. w. Jennings, 1972. "Relationship Between Seismicity and Geologic Structure in the Southern California Region," Seismic Society of America, Bulletin VSS, No. 4 by C.R. Allen, etc • "Stratigraphic Relations of Upper ·Cretaceous and Eocene Formations, San Diego Coastal Area, California:" American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Bulletin VSS by M. P. Kennedy and G. W. Moore, 1971. "Preliminary Geotechnical Investigation, El Camino Real and Rising Glen Drive, Carlsbad, California," by San Diego Soils Engineering, Incorporated, dated November 24, 1980. "Geology and Mineral Resources of San Diego County, California," California Division of Mines and Geology by F • Harold Weber, Jr., 1963 • "Seismic Safety Element California." for the San Diego County, Unpublished reports, aerial photographs and maps on file with our firm • -1- GEOCOr INCORPORATE File No. D-2981-MOl July 13, 1983 Site and Project Description The subject property is located between El Camino Real and Rising Glen Drive, approximately one-half mile south of Highway 78 in the City of Carlsbad, California (see Geologic Map, Figure 1). Topographically, the property consists of gently to steeply sloping hillside terrain with elevations ranging from a high of approximately 30o+ feet (MSL) along the southwestern property line to a low of approximately 95+ feet (MSL) at the property northernmost corner. Natural drainage is presently accomplished through a generally northeast-trending network of ravines and ultimately through the main canyon which borders the property to the east. Vegetation consists of dense stands of wild grasses over the gently to moderately steep portions of the site, while the steeper slopes are moderately to densely covered with chaparral. occupy the western portion of the property. Field Investigation Numerous eucalyptus trees The field investigation was performed on June 23, 1983 and consisted primarily of geologic mapping. No exploratory excavations or laboratory testing were performed during this investigation. Soil and Geologic Conditions The site is underlain by the Eocene-aged Santiago Formation and four surficial deposits consisting of colluvium, alluvium, topsoil and possible -2- GEOCON INCORPORATED J , -41 I ... j .. J .. J , ,. "" J J J -... 4 "" j .. .. .. .. .. 111 - "' -.. .. "" I ... ~ .. .. .. Iii ... ... ... ---.. .. -.. - ... .. .. .. 111111 .. .. .. .. .. .. ---.. I .. -- File No. D-2981-MOl July 13, 1983 landslide debris. Fill soils were also encountered in limited areas. Each of these is described as follows: Santiago Formation, Whitish-gray sandstones and siltstones of the Santiago Formation were exposed along the bottom of the gullies within the lower portion of the site. This formation is widely known for its inherently weak claystone beds and generally requires slope stabilization measures for cut slopes in the clay-rich portions. As indicated on Figure 1, two suspected ancient landslides have been mapped within this formation. In addition to possessing relatively low shear strength, the more clayey portions of this formation are highly expansive and typically require selective grading or specially designed foundations to mitigate the potential adverse effects. Excavations within this formation should encounter little difficulty with conventional grading equipment, Generally, bedding within the Santiago Formation is relatively massive and well cemented sandstone lenses are not uncommon. These sediments generally dip to the north and the northeast within the project site limits • Colluvium . The colluvial deposits are typically composed of loose, porous, silty sands and clayey sands that have accummulated over wide sloping areas, typically along the existing ravines. Their maximum thickness is typically on the order of 15 to 20 feet. These sediments are generally poorly consolidated and susceptible to settlement when subjected to an increase in vertical loads as might result from the placement of fill -3- GEOCOJ'.I INCORPORATE File No. D-2981-MOl July 13, 1983 or structures. Hence, development within areas containing colluvial deposits is likely to require remedial grading in the form of soil removal and recompaction to mitigate potential settlement problems. Alluvium. Alluvial soils composed primarily of loose, clayey sands occur in the bottom of the eastern canyon along El Camino Real. The depth of these soils may exceed 25 feet and saturated conditions should be expected below 20 feet in depth. During the wet season, however, nearly total saturation of the alluvium is likely to develop for a limited period of time, therefore, removal and recompaction of these deposits should be scheduled for the end of summer when the water table should be the lowest. Topsoil. topsoils. The majority of the site was found to be covered by loose In general, the topsoils possess moderate to high expansion potential and average 2+ feet in thickness. Due to the loose unconsolidated condition of the topsoils, as well as their expansive potential, remedial grading measures such as recompaction, deeper than normal side-slope fill keys and undercutting of transtion (cut-fill) pads will be necessary. Fill Soils. Fill soils located on the site are limited to the El Camino Real Road embankment along the eastern property boundary. Minor amounts of trash were also noticed in some areas within the site limits. Any existing fill soils on the site should be considered uncompacted and should be properly recompacted if development is planned for the specific area of their occurrence. -4- ., .. , -J, I ... J "" J J ., • J , .. , .. -~ ... ""' .J "" I 1111 ... 1111 "" .. ""' .. "" Ill ... GEOCON ""! 11111 INCORPORATED .. ... .. -1111 .. .. ,. .. .. --.. ... Ill -.. -1111 --• .. -1111 -... ' .. Ill -.. File No. D-2981-MOl July 13, 1983 Ancient Landslides. Topographic features as well as observed exposures of disturbed formational soils suggest the presence of at least two ancient landslides located within the lower portions of the property. The estimated limits of the suspected landslides are depicted on the Geologic Map, Figure 1 • In addition, several other ancient landslides, whose characteristic topographic features have been nearly obliterated by erosion, are suspected within the project limits. The limits of these suspected slides are also shown on Figure 1 • Groundwater Although groundwater was not encountered during our reconnaissance, each of the geologic units, as well as the surficial deposits observed on the site, have permeability characteristics and/or fracture systems that could be susceptible under certain conditions to water seepage. Saturated conditions are known to exist within the major drainage situated at low elevations to the east, and they may require special consideration to minimize construction difficulties. Perched water was encountered during previous geotechnical investigations within the upper portion of the property at various depths in the borings from 15 to 50 feet below existing ground levels. This conditions is believed to be related to landscape irrigation within the nearby develop ment and it is our opinion that it will be of minor consideration during grading. -5- GEOCO:I\ INCO.RPORATEl File No. D-2981-MOl July 13, 1983 Where in-filling of canyons or ravines might be planned, the installation of subdrains to relieve the potential buildup of hydrostatic pressure should be considered. Faulting and Seismicity It is our opinion, based on our site reconnaissance and a review of published geologic maps and report, that the site is not located on any known fault trace. The nearest known active fault is the Elsinore Fault zone which lies approximately 23 miles to the northeast. It is our opinion that the site could be subjected to moderate to severe ground shaking in the event of a major earthquake along any of the Southern California's active faults, however, the seismic risk at the site is not significantly greater than that of the surrounding developments and the Carlsbad area in general. -6- GEOCON INCORPORATED J ., -,J, I "" J J J J J J J .. ' .ti "'I 11111 - "" J .. ... .. .. ' . ... • -... -.. .. -.. -.. .. .. Ill -.. .. 11111 '"' .. ... -.. .. I .. Ill .. ... File No. D-2981-MOl July 13, 1983 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS General 1, The presence of ancient landslides, weak claystones, uncompacted fill soils, and potentially compressible colluvial/alluvial deposits will require special consideration where development is planned, 2. Based upon our findings and observations during this preliminary study, it is our opinion that, in general,, development of the property above the approximate elevation of 200 feet will encounter the fewest geotechnical problems. 3 • The upper reaches of the tributary ravines may be developed with minimal remedial grading. Potentially compressible colluvial/alluvial deposits typically decrease in thickness and extent with an increase in elevation . 4. Development within the major canyon bottom (along El Camino Real) should be feasible, however, removal and recompaction of significantly large deposits of potentially compressible colluvium/alluvium should be anticipated, In addition, the presence of shallow groundwater will be a consideration which could necessitate an extensive ~ubdrain system, as well as inhibit the removal and recompaction operations. 5. For preliminary design purposes, it is recommended that all cut and fill slopes be planned at 2:1 {horizontal to vertical) or flatter. -7- GEOCON INCORPORATED File No. D-2981-MOl July 13, 1983 6. Fill slopes should be provided with an erosion resistant ground cover and a well designed and maintained irrigation system as soon as practical to reduce the erosion potential. Future Studies 7. Prior to development of the property, a detailed soil and geologic investigation addressing the existence of the suspected landslide areas should be performed. If these landslides are present, the economic feasibililty of developing the site could be severely impacted. -8- GEOCON INCORPORATED J ' J J J J j J J - Ill .. .. .. .. I .. "' Ille .. .. .. .. .. Ill ....... -.. .. • -.. ,. .. ,. -t r .. -... File No. D-2931-MOl July 13, 1983 ·aa1 LEGEND Oa L ..... F I L L OIS-?----LANDSLIDE Qal--.--ALLuv,uM Oc .. -.... .c.oLL u v1uM Ts ...... -.SANTIAGO FORMATION GEOLOGIC MAP AL\NDA EIR CARLSBAD, CALirORNIA FIGURE 1 GEOCON, INCORPORATED NO SCALE PAGE GEOCG INCORPORATE ... ... ... .. ... .. ... .. .. ... .. ... ... ... ... ... -... .. ... .. -.. .. .. ... .. -... -.. .. I -... ... Appendix 3 Noise Analysis Worksheet II II II II II II ' l I I I I ,-I I I HIGHWAY NOISE ANALYSIS YrORKSHEET /:JLANLJ!l E tR.. Route Mop Sheet A~erage Hourly Flow L , d8 Ldn Roodwoy Sideline Did. to ui:sh., nee. -/b lanes/ % eq % _n'"65d8 LJ,, :::-toodB Ref. Segment Median A.O. T. Day Night Truck Doy Night at 50 ft Grade E L D Lt Rt • (feet) =Note, C-Et t'r. mi'110 R~tJ.1 "/,i, 14 P ~istirtc. (1113) ,~. 'oC> /D<i Ci, "l..73 (, ~'I Slf (, f, ~s I fs:,O C-El Ca,.., ,'no"' fl or; I '°l,'i, I~ +r .. -11.t,-..._ [ 1qq5,) l./-0,000 ·2.:~20 s =,-g " {pq lo 3 +I /So 3G,o ! I --... I ,.. /" -• -r--. --·--_ _L 't" I 1 .. -.. ... -Ill -• -.. --.. -.. --.. -.. -.. ---.. -.. --I .. -.. .. Appendix 4 Biology Survey Report and Impact Analysis for the Alanda Project Carlsbad, California .. .. .. .. • .. .. .. • .. Ill .. .. .. .. .. .. -.. .. .. Ill .. .. .. .. ------r .. .. .. BIOLOGY SURVEY REPORT AND IMPACT ANALYSIS FOR THE ALANDA PROJECT CARLSBAD, CA Prepared for: Nasland Engineering 4855 Ruffner Street San Diego, CA 92111 Prepared by: Wier Biological 7343 Ronson Road, Suite H San Diego, CA 92111 July 12, 1983 .. .. .. .. ..._ .. .. .. .. .. .. -• .. .. -• .. .. -.... -.. • .. .. .. • .. .. -• ----I -.. --.. INTRODUCTION The Alanda property consists of 47 acres in the City of Carlsbad. It lies in the southern 1/2 of Section 32 and the north 1/2 of Section 5, T 11 S, R 4 W, S.B.B.&M. (Figures l and 2). The property is located approximately 1/2 mile south of the intersection of El Camino Real and Highway 78, on the west side of El Camino Real (Figure 2). Elevation ranges between 300' along the western border of the property to 100' in the northeastern corner of the property. The property lies on an east-facing hillside and has 4 short ephemeral drainages which flow southeasterly and a larger drainage that flows northward. The slopes are moderately steep. Soils on the subject property (U.S.D.A., 1973) are composed primarily of the Diablo Series (Diablo clay, well drained deep clays from soft calcareous sandstone). Other soil series that occur are: Salinas, located in the north-facing drainage; Carlsbad, located near the ridge top; and Marina, located in the southern section of the property. The Marina series soils are on old beach ridges. The erosion hazard of these soils is moderate to high, which is evidenced by the two large ravines (up to approximately 25' deep x 15' wide) located in the southern portion of the property (U.S.D.A., 1973) . Land uses surrounding the property and in the vicinity are varied. The northern boundary of the property is adjacent to recently formed building pads. The eastern boundary is adjacent to El Camino Real, the southern boundary is near a Eucalyptus grove, and the western property line borders single family housing off of Ridgecrest Drive . METHODS AND SURVEY LIMITATIONS The property was surveyed by Harold A. Wier and Nancy Gilbert during late spring and early summer of 1983, according to the following schedule . Date Times Personnel Conditions 6/20/83 1100-1200 NG 60's, overcast, cloudy, wind from the west 6/21/83 0730-1120 NG 60's, overcast, cloudy clearing up to sunshine 6/27/83 0830-0935 NG Overcast, clearing up 6/29/83 0750-0915 HAW Overcast, misting 7/11/83 1830-1930 NG Clear skies, ca. so· l L.a Figure 1. Regional Project Location. MAP .. SAN DIEGO COUNTY & ElCJENDED ENVUONS ---SAN DIEGO MAP NO. 637-X ---··---lfl-,i. e,,-w., s- 4111u11 ... u :=:.:--.:: 11111 NHNI I .. J I J 1_,l■IAl ...... • I. ..I L..I 0 LJI L..I ...__, ··- .. " ' .. ••••••• G 0 .,, .1 ■ T IT A f I ., ..... .. ....... , ... . &-I 0 L-1 &.J Ca-•••••n ■ • HI"-"' cc \ © ~ • Uflot:■ 10,000 \ @I c-r, ""' L..I Lj---.J Loi .. .. ~ • ~ ... , .. .. .. .. Ill .. .. .. .. .. -.. .. ..-. •· .,, --.. .. ----.. -----f ·-, • / .. -.. Figure 2. Project Location. " . . .. ,, ,,..,. . (~~ :· \• .. ~~-. ·~ . -: ~Ji.#· ,f.\ • C \ • . . . --:--'l:~. ... •~'(1--)-.. . . . ~---------~;;;;~;~ p7·· !------7 ---·sh •. r-'°~ I '~~ o f~-~:~-> Q' ~ ~---~. Cen :~~k~~1r: 0~ ' ·,. ~' f\.f3 I ,. .• :, ____ .,...! ' . . -=-~..,..:1='-a~;.;.;.Vista • '\.· ~-,\-s • ~ ·; • :~p;;.4----:~Ea.=·-----------;-. ::-\.\Rl!s <' ...0 {'"+.,.. ) .~ ·, .. .. '\, . ,.., ,,_ .... ._ ___ ~- i ===' UiU . . . ,~1\~~~ aUey , H1sh Sch• \.-• \ ' :_ ' • • ' . .• . .... -...--~~ ·, .. ~ 18.. • r h r. . --~~ r :,. -;:, / f'f~l"IOII.. ~--~· -- '--' ' ":< ~ . • ' ..,. ,:__ ,-,~ UB.ECT P .. ..,.-. Sc~ .,.,., J,.._ ~ ;J· • 7 • . (. ~!~ ·-, .• , , -• o..-~ Y., 01-• . ! i--. .,. ' • '0 • I '·,' v_ ,Y ✓ _ ~--••.• ;·--.. .A ti~ ,~ t· FEET SOURCE: SAN LUIS REY QUAD MAP · 0 1000 2000 3 y .. -_,,.) .,/' ·. \~• u . - a . \. . ~ • ~-c :~ T• ' ,C) :,/ :".,,<.<-'G,., -.. 4 ·, ~ .. -~ ~ :~~ -i •. ,,-_. '. .,,... .... --_,. -= -~-. ~ . --..... .-·- -;-,... --- Date 7/12/83 Times 0800-1000 Personnel Conditions NG Clear skies, ca. 70 1 The season was sub-optimum for evaluation of the flora and vegetation, and for most wildlife. Most plant species were past flowering and many annuals were desiccated. Most late migrating bird species had passed through the Southern California region by mid-June and nesting for most species had been completed (Dunn and Garrett, 1981). The property was surveyed on foot according to the routes depicted in Figure 3. All observed plants were identified, and animals were identified by their sign, vocalizations or direct observation with the aid of binoculars. A limited small mammal live-trapping program was conducted in order to determine the presence of the 11Rare" Stephens Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys stephensi). NOMENCLATURE Scientific nomenclature used in this report is from the following sources: vegetation, Thorne (1976): flora, Munz (1974): amphibians and reptiles, Collins {1978): birds, A.o.u. (1957 and supplements): mammals, Jones et al. (1975). Common names for plants are from a number of sources. VEGETATION About 14.4% of the project area, or 6.8 acres, has a cover of native plants. The remaining 85.8% or 40.3 acres is in non-native grasses, weeds, and dense Eucalyptus groves. The site has one native vegetation type in the form of residual islands of Coastal Sage Scrub (Figure 3). Coastal Sage Scrub is characterized by California Sagebrush {Artemisia californica), White Sage (Salvia apiana), Flattop Buckwheat {Eriogonum fasciculatum), Golden Yarrow (Erioph~llum confertiflorum), Lemonadeberry (Rhus integrifolia) and Coyote Bush {Baccharis pilularis var. corisanguinea). The Coastal Sage Scrub on the subject property is dominated by Artemisia californica. Coastal Sage Scrub occurs on 5.94 acres or 12.6% of the property. The remaining plant associations are dominated by non-native plants. Over most of the site, approximately 34.46 acres or 73.31 of the site is a weedy herbaceous cover of tall annuals. The dominants are Italian Thistle (Carduus pycnocephalus), Sweet Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Slender Wild Oat (Avena barbata) and Perennial Mustard (Brassica geniculata). Native species are virtually absent. Other weedy herbaceous areas had been disced recently. 4 J J J J J J J , .. J .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ---- Ill Ill Ill .. -.... Ill --- Ill .. Ill • Ill • .. Ill r • • .. .. Figure 3. Survey Routes . 5 Figure 4. Vegetation and Black-tailed Gnatcatcher Location. J ·-1 ' ~ J J ... .. J .. -' J , .. __ ,.. ,.. .. .. ~ .. , .. J :J ... J , ... ~ ■ Willow Trees Coastal Sage Scrub .. ~ • Eucalyptus Trees 6 □ Disturbed ., ~ ... ... ... ► .. .. -.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -.. .. Ill .. -.. Ill .. -.. --.. .. I .. .. .. ... The principal north-south drainage is dominated by 8O-1OO foot-tall Eucalyptus (including Eucalyptus globulus). There is only a remnant of Coastal Sage Scrub vegetation in the understory. Eucalyptus trees are also scattered on the slopes. The principal drainage also contains limited, low-quality wetland vegetation that relies on urban run-off. Among the native plants are Arroyo Willow (Salix lasiolepis), Mexican Elderberry (Sambucus mexicana) and Cattail (Typha latifolia. This wetland vegetation accounts for approximately .86 acres or 1.8% of the site. FLORA The recorded flora of this property as a result of this survey is 82 plant species, of which 45 are native,. 54.8%, and 37 are non-native, 45.2% (Table 1). The high percentage of non-native plants is due to the highly disturbed nature of the property . WILDLIFE HABITAT Several factors influence the usefulness and value of a given habitat area to wildlife. Among them are qualities on site, such as vegetation type and diversity, topographic diversity and presence of rock outcrops and surface water. Off-site considerations are also important, such as continuity of habitat quality or disruptive uses nearby . The subject property is relatively small (47 acres). The majority of the property is a disturbed grassland type habitat, which in this case is a low quality wildlife habitat. The Eucalyptus forest, Coastal Sage and small wetland area add diversity to the site. However, both species diversity and species abundance are low. Further, it is flanked on three of four sides by developed land and roadways. Ultimately, the property is located in a highly urbanized area. Important wildlife habitat features on the property include major drainages with dense thickets of Lemonadeberry (Rhus integrifolia) and Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia), residual islands of Coastal Sage Scrub, a ravine supporting Arroyo Willow (Salix lasiolepis), and large stands of Eucalyptus trees (Figure 4 ). The Eucalyptus trees serve mainly as roosting and nesting habitat for bird species, including Red-tailed Hawk, Red-shouldered Hawk, Mourning Dove and Common Raven. 7 Table).. Plant Species for Alanda Scientific Name DICOTYLEDONEAE AIZOACEAE -Carpetweed Family *Carpobrotus edulis •Gasoul crystallinum ANACARDIACEAE -Sumac Family ~ integrifolia Rhus laurina APIACEAE -Carrot Family Daucus pusillus •Foeniculum vulgare ASTERACEAE -Sunflower Family Ambrosia psilostachya var. cali fornica Artemisia californica Baccharis glutinosa Baccharis pilularis ssp. consanguinea *Carduus pycnocephalus •centaurea melitensis *Chrysanthemum coronarium *Cirsium vulgare Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. virgata Eriophyllum confertiflorum var. confertiflorum *Filago gallica Gnaphalium californicum 8 Common Name Hottentot-Fig Crystal Ice-Plant Lemonadeberry Laurel Sumac Rattlesnake-Weed Sweet Fennel Western Ragweed Coastal or California Mule-Fat Coyote-Bush Italian Thistle Tocalote Garland Chrysanthemum Bull Thistle Virgate Cudweed-Aster Long-stem Golden Yarrow Narrowleaf Filago California Everlasting l .. f -.. ' .. .. , .. "" -' ... ... I .. J 4 J J ""' ' ... ""' .. "" I • .. J ... .. .. .. .. -• -.. ---.. • ... - -• -• -• -.. -.. .. -.. .. Table ·1 (Continued) Scientific Name Gnaphalium microcephalum Haplopappus squarrosus ssp. grindelioides Haplopappus venetus ssp. vernonioides Hemizonia fasciculata Heterotheca grandiflora *Lactuca serriola *Picris echioides *Sonchus oleraceus *Xanthium strumarium var. canadense BORAGINACEAE -Borage Family Heliotropium curassavicum var. oculatum BRASSICACEAE *Brassica geniculata *Raphanus sativus CACTACEAE -Cactus Family Opuntia littoralis var. littoralis CAPPARACEAE -Caper Family Isomeris arborea var . arborea CAPRIFOLIACEAE -Honeysuckle Family Sambucus mexicana 9 Common Name White Everlasting Sawtooth Goldenbush Coast Goldenbush Golden Tarweed Telegraph-Weed Prickly Lettuce Bristly Oxtongue Common Sow-Thistle Eastern Cocklebur Chinese Pusley Short-Pod Mustard Wild Radish Prickly-Pear Desert Bladderpod Desert Elderberry Table i-(Continued) Scientific Name CHENOPODIACEAE -Goosefoot Family 1 Atriplex semibaccata 1 Chenopodium album 1Salsola iberica CONVOLVULACEAE -Morning Glory Family •convolvulus arvensis CUCURBITACEAE -Gourd Family Marah macrocarpus ERICACEAE -Heath Family Xylococcus bicolor EUPHORBIACEAE -Spurge Family Eremocarpus setigerus 1 Ricinus communis FABACEAE -Pea Family ~ purshianus GENTIANACEAE -Gentian Family Centaurium venustum LAMIACEAE ·-Mint Family *Marrubium vulgare Salvia mellifera MALVACEAE -Mallow Family Sidalcea malvaeflora ssp. sparsifolia 10 Common Name Australian Saltbush Lamb's Quarters Russian Thistle Bindweed Cucamonga Man-Root Mission Manzanita Dove Weed, Turkey Mullein Castor-Bean Spanish Clover Canchalagua White Horehound Black Sage Wand Checker-Bloom , -◄ I '"' .. .. ' .. "" ' .. "" • "" I .. -... '"' ' .. ""' ' .. '"' .. ... ' .. ... .. • .. "" ., .. .. ► I ... .. .. -.. -ill ---.. -ill -.. --.. ill -.. ----.. -I .. -... Table 1 (Continued) Scientific Name MYRTACEAE -Myrtle Family *Eucalyptus globulus ONAGRACEAE -Evening Primrose Family Epilobum adenocaulon Zauschneria californica POLYGONACEAE -Buckwheat Family Eriogonum fasciculatum ssp. fasciculatum Polygonum lapathifolium •Rumex crispus PRIMULACEAE -Primrose Family *Anagallis arvensis ROSACEAE -Rose Family Heteromeles arbutifolia SALICACEAE -Willow Family Salix lasiolepis var. bracelinae SAURARACEAE -Lizard-Tail Family Anemopsis californica SOLANACEAE -Nightshade Family Datura meteloides *Nicotiana glauca VERBENACEAE -Verrain Family Verbena lasiostachys 11 Common Name Blue Gum Willow-Herb California-Fuchsia Flat-top Buckwheat Smartweed Curly Dock Scarlet Pimpernel Toyon Arroyo Willow Yerba Mansa Western Jimsonweed Tree Tobacco Vervain Table l (Continued) Scientific Name MONOCOTYLEDONEAE AGAVACEAE -Agave Family •Yucca gloriosa AMARYLLIDACEAE -Onion Family Bloomeria crocea var. crocea IRIDACEAE -Iris Family Sisyrinchium bellum JUNCACEAE -Rush Family Juncus sp. POACEAE -Grass Family 1 Arundo donax •Avena barbata - •Avena fatua 1Bromus diandrus *Bromus molli s •Cortaderia jubata •cynodon dactylon *Digitaria sanguinalis Distichlis spicata var. stricta Elymus condensatus Festuca megalura •Hordeum leporinum 12 Common Name Golden Stars California Blue-Eyed Grass Giant Reed Slender Wild Oat Common Oat Ripgutgrass Soft Chess Pampasgrass Bermudagrass Crabgrass Flower Saltgrass Giant Ryegrass Foxtail Fescue Wild Barley J .. -" J ~ .. "" .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -... .. .. Ill .. .. .. .. .. -Iii .. .. .. .. ~ .. .. Ill .. .. .. • I .. - -• -.. ----.. .. -.. • - ---.. .. I ... .. .. Table 1 (Continued) Scientific Name 1 Lolium perenne Melica imperfecta 1Polypogon monspelien~is Stipa pulchra 1 Triticum aestivum TYPHACEAE -Cat-tail Family Typha latifolia *Denotes non-native taxa 13 Common Name English Ryegrass California Helie Annual Beardgrass Purple Stipa Wheat Cat-tail BIRDS Twenty-four bird species were detected on the site during this survey (Table 3). All are relatively common residents or migrants for the habitats present. Typical Coastal Sage Scrub species present and probably breeding on-site are Brown Towhee, California Quail, Bewick's Wren, Anna's Hummingbird, Northern Mockingbird and Black-tailed Gnatcatcher. The most commonly observed species on the property were Lesser Goldfinch, House Finch, Cliff Swallow and Brown-headed Cowbird. Three species of raptors were detected, including three Red-tailed Hawks and a nest of that species. AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES Three reptile species were observed on-site: California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis getulus californiae), Great Basin Fence Lizard (Sceloporus occidentalis) and Orangethroat Whiptail (Cnemidophorus hyperythrus). There are a number of other species known and expected for this area, including Side blotched Lizard (Uta stansburiana) and San Diego Horned Lizard (Phrynosoma coronatum blainevillei). Many reptile species are found in association with rock outcrops, however rock outcrops do not occur on the property. Because of this and other habitat limitations, a wide variety of reptiles is not expected to occur on the property. Amphibian species require high ambient moisture, and/or have aquatic larval stages. Therefore, most species of this vertebrate group tend to concentrate near surface water and seeps, and very few species occur away from these resources, ' No amphibian species were observed on the property. However, a few common species are expected to occur, including Pacific Treefrog (Hyla regilla), and California Toad (Bufo boreas halophilus). MAMMALS The following mammal species were observed or detected on the property: 14 • • "' ' -.. I '41 • ... • "' .. "' .. .. ' .. "' "' "" .. -.. .. .. "" .. "" .. Ill .. ... .. .. • ... ... ~ ~ ' • '"' .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. - ... .. --.. .. .. .. .. .. -.. .. --.. .. l .. .. - Table 2. Bird Species Observed on the Alanda Property Common Name Black-crowned Night Heron Red-tailed Hawk Red-shouldered Hawk American Kestrel California Quail Mourning Dove Anna's Hummingbird Western Kingbird Black Phoebe Cliff Swallow Common Raven Bushtit House Wren Bewick' s Wren Northern Mockingbird Black-tailed Gnatcatcher Loggerhead Shrike Western Meadowlark Northern Oriole Brown-headed Cowbird House Finch Lesser Goldfinch Brown Towhee Scientific Name Nycticorax nycticorax Buteo jamaicensis Buteo lineatus ~ sparverius Callipepla californica Zenaida macroura Calypte anna Tyrannus verticalis Sayornis nigricans Hirundo pyrrhonota Corvus corax Psaltriparus minimus Troglodytes~ Thryomanes bewickii ~ polyglottos Polioptila melanura Lanius ludovicianus Sturnella neglecta Icterus glabula Molothrus ater Carpodacus mexicanus Carduelis psaltria Pi pilo fuscus 15 Observed y E E s s E,F s E E y y E,S E E s s E,S F E F F,E S,F,E s Common Name Song Sparrow Legend: F -fields S -Sage Scrub Y -Flying E -Eucalyptus trees Table 2 (Continued) Scientific Name Melospiza melodia 16 Observed s , • J J. J , .. ., .. .. I .. .. • .. .. .. .. I _., • .. -.. .. .. .. .. .. .. • .. -.. .. .. .. • -.. .. .. I .. .. .. Mammals Observed or Detected Virginia Opossum (Didelphis virginiana} Brush Rabbit (Sylvilagus bachmani} California Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi) Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) House Mouse (~ musculus) Woodrat (Neotoma sp.) Coyote (Canis latrans) Means of Detection Dead on road Observed and scat . Observed Trapped Trapped Nest Vocals & scat Mammals not observed but expected to occur on the property· include Southern Pocket Gopher (Thomomys bottae) and Striped Skunk (Mephitis mephitis). The mammal fauna appears to be typical for the area and habitats present . The Coyote is apparently the largest predatory mammal on the site.' Despite high numbers reported by area residents, Coyotes do not apparently den on the property. They use the site primarily as a foraging area and corridor to other areas . The State "rare" Stephens Kangaroo Rat (Dipodomys steehensi) is known from the general area, and in similar habitat. For this reason, direct searches for characteristic dust baths and burrows were made, and a limited live-trapping program was implemented. Live-trapping was done the evening and morning o..: July 11-12, using "Smith" live traps (4 x 4 x 13"), baited with rolled oats. Traps were laid thusly: Five traps along a ravine in Coastal Sage Scrub (1 California Vole): ten traps in a Coastal Sage-annual grassland ecotone (4 Deer Mouse, l California Vole, l House Mouse): two traps in grassland (no captures): four traps in grassland near Eucalyptus trees (no captures}. Several of the traps were placed near burrows. Direct searches for burrows and dust baths similarly did not yield evidence of any Dipodomys species. The Stephens Kangaroo Rat does not apparently occur on the property . 17 SENSITIVE SPECIES Plants Noplant species were found on-site that have status with either the federal government (Department of the Interior), State government (Department of Fish and Game), or the California Native Plant Society (Smith et al., 1980 and supplements 1 and 2). See Appendix I for an explanation of the listing authorities for plants. The Carlsbad area does contain sensitive plant species. Some of the most important ones from a conservation standpoint are San Diego Thornmint (Acanthomintha ilicifolia) and Threadleaf Brodiaea (Brodiaea filifolia . Animals No rare and/or endangered vertebrate species listed as such by state or federal agencies were encountered on the site and none are expected to occur. However, there are individuals of several sensitive animal species which do or may use the property, and would be impacted by its development (Table 3). Please refer to the Appendix for a description of the listing authorities involved. One sensitive reptile species was observed on-site, the Orangethroat Whiptail. This lizard is listed as threatened by the San Diego Herpetological Society, depleted by Stewart and needing protection by the California Department of Fish and Game. The principal threat is loss of habitat. Birds Sensitive bird species observed on-site include American Kestrel (may nest in Eucalyptus), Cliff Swallow (forages only) and Bewick's Wren (resident in scrub) (Table 3). All of the above species have relatively stable local populations. Two Black-tailed Gnatctchers, a male and female, were observed carrying food to a presumed nest site. This coastal subspecies has declined precipitously in many portions of its Southern California range (Atwood, 1980). The decline in San Diego County is due to loss of Coastal Sage Scrub habitat (Everett, 1977). The U.S. population is estimated at 1200 pairs (Atwood, 1980). They are listed by the State as a "second priority species of special concern in California" (see Appendix II). The total acreage of Coastal Sage Scrub on-site is small, about 6 acres, and represents a minor amount of habitat for this species. 18 J "" I -.. ' ~ "' '"' I .. '"' I .. J .. .J J .. I • -4 .. .. 1111! .. "" .. "I .. .. • ... • .. ... ~ .. .. 11111 .. I I ...... \.0 I •, I I r I I I I I r I I I I' I ' I I I I I f I I I f I Table 3. Sensitive Animal Species for the Alanda Property Species Orangethroat Whiptail (Cnemidophorus hyperythrus) Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) Cliff Swallow (Hirundo pyrrhonota) Bewick' s Wren (Thryomanes bewickii) California Black-tailed Gnatcatcher (Polioptila melanura californica) Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) Status & Authority IUCN -Rare, Depleted SDHS -Threatened Stewart -Depleted CDFG -Needing protection, should be declared rare Special Concern Blue List Special Concern Blue List Remsen -2nd Priority Everett -declining Blue List Status in San Diego County Principal threat is loss of habitat. Locally abundant where it still occurs. Fairly common local resident, but a very local uncommon breeding species. Observed over the site only. Common breeding species relatively resistant to disturbance . Common to abundant summer resident Relatively common breeding species. Resident. Coastal subspecies seriously declining due to loss of habitat. Permanent resident. U.S. population estimate 1200 pairs (Atwood 1980). San Diego County most import-ant U.S. region. Relatively common breeding species. Legend: Special concern -Blue List species of special concern, involved in delisting process, not USFWS (1980) IUCN (1976) CDFG (1971) formally Blue Listed. Blue List (Tate, Everett (1979) Remsen (1978) 1982) SDHS (1980) Stewart (1971) I I 1 ANALYSIS OF SIGNIFICANCE The subject property contains certain sensitive biological resources, but these occur in low frequency and do not constitute a high level of significance. Actually, the site is dominated by non-native vegetation and man-altered habitat. It is located in an urbanized area bound for lower wildlife usage in the future. The sensitive resources are small patches of Coastal Sage Scrub (total of 6 acres) that contain some native fauna including one pair of the Black-tailed Gnatcatcher, and a dense eucalyptus forest associated with the north-south ravine. Among other values, the eucalyptus trees contain a Red-tailed Hawk nest. The small wetland area, fed for the most part by urban run-off, is not a significant resource. The ten or so willows and few cattails do not constitute a typical woodland or marsh habitat area. Finally, the property does not appear to be important to any adjacent high-value biological resources. Development could affect the wetlands of Buena Vista Lagoon through siltation, however. BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS For discussion purposes, two levels of development will be analyzed. The worst case would be a complete removal of vegetation and complete development of the land area. Six hundred apartments would be built and occupied. This would obviously remove nearly all of the biological value of the site, including remnants of native vegetation, and most wildlife including the sensitive Orangethroat Whiptail and Black-tailed Gnatcatcher. Red-tailed Hawks would discontinue use of the area, however they may shift to the adjacent property southward. Presumably their foraging area would be reduced and they would be less successful in rearing young. Landscaping within the development would allow for continued use by urban tolerant wildlife such as House Sparrow (Passer domesticus), Starling and House Finch, but this would be the value under the "worst case" develo.r;xnent. A more limited development, perhaps one that retained the north-south drainage and adjacent grassland and scrub, would retain much of the wildlife value there now. The Black-tailed Gnatcatchers would probably not persist under these conditions but the Red-tailed Hawks could nest and forage off-site. Some 20 J J J J , .. - "'I \ , .. ""' .. ""' .. .. .. ... .. .. .. -.. - .. .. .. .. -.. .. -.. - - of the other wildlife would probably remain, or at least use the property for transit . Under either scenario, the development would not cause significant impacts to biological resources on the property. Significant impacts could occur to Buena Vista Lagoon if runoff during construction or after project completion causes siltation . RECOMMENDATIONS 1. 2. 3. Retain as much as possible of the drainage and associated eucalyptus, scrub, and willow vegetation. Enhance these and shrubs to useful area. plant species slopes with plantings of native trees produce an aesthetic and biologically Suggested attractive and productive from commercial sources include: Coast Live Oak (Quercus agrifolia) Western Sycamore (Platanus racemosa) Fremont Cottonwood (Populus fremontii) White Alder (Alnus rhombifolia) Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) Mexican Elderberry (Sambucus mexicana) Fuchsia-flowered Gooseberry (Ribes speciosum) California Wild Rose (~ californica) Provide adequate siltation control to protect Buena Vista Lagoon . 21 -... • \ ... .. .. .. .. .. .. , .. .. .. .... .. ... - ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... f .. .. .. APPENDIX I Sensitive Plants Sensitive Plants are so called because of their rarity, endangerment, vigor of populations, and limits of distribution . There are three organizations which list sensitive plants in California: The California Native Plant Society (CNPS), California Fish and Game Commission of the California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). Listing of the latter two is based in large part on prior and on-going work of the CNPS . The CNPS has the most complete listing of sensitive plants which appears as the Society's Special Publication Number 1 (second edition) Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California (Smith et al., 1980 and supplement 1981) . This listing scheme uses the digits 1, 2, and 3 to describe a low to high level of rarity, endangerment, vigor, or distribu tion for each listed taxon. Therefore, a plant listed 3-3-3-3 is much more rare and endangered than one listed 1-1-1-1. Fu,:-ther, there are four named lists: "plants presumed extinct"; "plants rare and endangered"; "plants rare and not endangered"; and "plants rare in California, common elsewhere." The first appendix includes "plants considered but not included." The California Fish and Grune Commission (of the CDFG), as of 19 December 1979, had listed 14 San Diego County plants as "Rare" or "Endangered" . The Endangered Species Office of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has published a Draft Notice of Review of candidate "Endangered," "Threatened," and "Sensitive" plants as of 2 March 1980. Also, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has published Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants, A Review of Plant Taxa for Listing as Endangered or Threatened Species by R. E. Lainberton. This document supersedes all other federal listings for plants except notices wherein plants were actually designated Threatened or Endangered. The intent of the Review is to list all species that are being considered for listing as Endangered or Threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973. There are three levels: Category 1, which includes taxa for which the USFWS has sufficient information on hand to support the biological appropriateness of their being listed as either Endangered or Threatened species; Category 2 includes, taxa for which information now in possession of the Service indicates the probable appropriateness of listing, but for which sufficient information is not presently available to biolog ically support a proposed rule; Category 3 includes taxa no longer being considered for listing in three sub-categories because of (A) pervasive evidence of extinction, (B) names that 22 do not meet the Endangered Species Act's definition of "species" and (C) taxa that have proven to be more abundant or widespread than was previously believed and/or those that are not subject to any identifiable threat. 23 J , -◄ I J J J lit J J ., .; , .. .. ' .. J ... ... ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. -.. ... "' .. .. ... "' ... .. .. .. .. .. "' Ill I ,. .. ... .. APPENDIX II STATUS OF SENSITIVE ANIMAL SPECIES There are numerous authorities for the status of animals in the U.S., California, and San Diego County. Many overlap, while some do not consider those listed on the federal level . The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service officially lists sensitive species as either "Threatened" or "Endangered." Some as-yet-unlisted species are unofficially recognized as candidates for listing. Listed species are found periodically in the Endangered Species Technical Bulletin and the Federal Register. Other federal lists include the Bald Eagle Act, Migratory Bird Act, and the Marine Mammal Protection Act . The California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) officially lists sensitive species as either "Rare" or "Endangered;" and these are found in the periodically updated publication At The Crossroads. The CDFG further classifies certain species under the following categories: "Fully Protected," "Protected Fur-bearer," "Protected Amphibian" and "Protected Reptile." The designation "Protected" indicates that a species may not be taken or possessed except under special permit from the CDFG; "Fully Protected" means a species can be taken only for scientific purposes . Non-governmental lists are also important indicators of sensitive wildlife species, as described below: The Audubon Blue List is an annually updated list of birds considered to be declining in the United States, but which doesn't include species already federally listed (Tate, 1981). Local populations may and often do differ in status from the general Blue List status for the entire United States. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) is an international conservation organization t~at publishes lists of species considered to be declining throughout the world. The status of "depleted" indicates that a species is not currently threatened with extinction but there are indications that it may become so . The San Diego Non-Game Wildlife Subcommittee (SDNGWS) is a group of local biologists who formulated a list of animals that appear to be experiencing reduced population numbers in the County. Their use of the term "threatened" indicates that a species is considered to be rare, endangered, declining or depleted in San Diego County. The SDNGWS is officially sanctioned by the CDFG. The San Diego Herpetological Society (SDHS) has published reports on the 24 status of native amphibians (Scheidt, 1980) and native reptiles (McGurty, 1980). The San Diego Audubon Society has published its own "Blue List" of declining, sensitive and threatened bird species (Everett, 1979). On the state level there are two other bird status reports: Bird Species of Special Concern in California (Remsen, 1978) and Special Animal Element (The Nature Conservancy, 1979). Bird Species of Special Concern in California is a CDFG Report listing declining bird populations. Species already on federal or California endangered, rare or threatened species lists are excluded from this list. Species are grouped in three categories: Highest Priority species face immediate extirpation of their ·entire California population or their California breeding population if current trends continue. In several cases extirpation as a breeding species has already occurred. Second Priority species are on the decline in a large portion of their California range, but their overall populations are still sufficiently substantial that danger is not immediate. Third Priority species are not in any present danger"of extirpation and their populations within most of their range do not appear to be declining seriously; however, simply by virtue of their small populations in California, they are vulnerable to extirpation should a threat materialize. 25 _, I J J J .. .I J J J - "'I .. , "' J J ., .. J J ~ J .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. -,.,, .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. -.. Ill .. ... ! .. ... -.. REFERENCES American Ornithologists Union. 1957. American Birds. Fifth Edition. Union, 69lp. Vol. I, II, III . Checklist of North American Ornithologists Atwood, J. L. 1980. The United States Distribution of the California Black-tailed Gnatcatcher in Western Birds. Vol. 11. Pp. 55-78 . California Department of Fish and Game. Remsen, J. Bird Species of Special Concern in California. Annotated List ,of Declining or Vulnerable Bird 54 pp. s. 1978. An Species . California Department of Fish and Game. Atwood, J. L . California Black-tailed Gnatcatcher Survey, 1980 . California Department of Fish and Game. Bury, R.B. 1971 Status Report on California's Threatened Amphibians and Reptiles. 29 pp . Collins, J. T., J.E. Huheey, J. L. Knight and H. M. Smith . 1978. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles . Committee on Common and Scientific Names. Standard Common and Current Scientific Names for North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Herpetological Circular No. 7. 36 pp. Everett, w. T. 1979. Threatened, Declining and Sensitive Bird Species in San Diego County. Sketches, San Diego Audubon Society . International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 1976. The First Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. Bernew, Switzerland. 26 November 1976. Morges, Switzerland . 16 pp. IUCN . Jones, J. K., D.-c. Carter and H. H. Genoways. 1975. Revised Checklist of North American Mammals North of Mexico . Occas. Papers. The Museum Texas Tech University. No. 28. 13 pp. Munz, Philip A. 1974. A Flora of Southern California. University of California Press. 1086 pp. San Diego Herpetological Society. 1980. Status of the Indigenous Amphibians of San Diego County. 33 pp . Smith, J. P., Jr., R. J. Cole, J. o. Sawyer, Jr., and w. R. Powell. 1980. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California. California Native Plant Society, Spec. Publ. No. l. 2nd Edition . Stewart, L. 1971. Herpetology. Rare and Endangered Reptiles of California, Pasadena. Tate, James. 1981. The Blue List for 1981. Decade. American Birds Vol. 35, No. 1. The First Pp. 3-10. Thorne, R. F. 1976. Vascular Plant Communities of Southern California, in Latting, J. (Ed.), Vascular Plant Communities of California, Special Publication No. 2, California Native Plant Society. United States Department of Agriculture. 1973. Soil Survey of the San Diego Area, California. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service and Forest Service. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1980. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Review of Plant Taxa for Listing as Endangered or Threatened. Federal Register 45 (242). 82480-82565. December 15, 1980. l J J J J J J J .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. .. .. ... - .. ... ... .. .. -.. ,r • -.. Appendix S An Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Alanda Project, Carlsbad, California ... .. • .. .. ... .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. -.. .. .. .. -.. -... .. .. -.. -... .. I • .. .. ... An Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Alanda Project, Carlsbad, California Performed for: Nasland Engineering 4855 Ruffner Road San Diego, California 92116 Performed by: HERITAGE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES 3343 Vancouver Avenue San Diego, California 92104 -~/?4' H. Keith Polan Consulting Archaeologist July 11, 1983 ABSTRAC'l' On July 3, 1983, an archaeological reconnaissance of the subject property, consisting of approximately 47 acres, was conducted by an archaeological field crew from Heritage Environmental Services. This reconnaissance resulted in the location of one new archaeological site and the prev iously-recorded multi-component sites SDM-W-143 and SDM-W-146 within the boundaries of the study area. The methods used, as well as site descriptions and recommendations regarding these sites are more fully des cribed in the following report, but essentially the recom mendations resulting from this investigation are that a testing program be instituted at SDM-W-143/SDM-W-146 to better assess its significance, and that the newly discov ered site lacks the necessary significance for additional study. J J J J ] J "" 11111 "" .. ""' .. ""' 11111 .. ... .. .. II,, I ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. --.. ,-.. .. .. Table of Contents I. EXISTIIIIG SETTIIIIG • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 3 II. BACKGROUND RESEARCH A. B • Record Searches. Discussion ..•• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5 . . . 11 III. STUDY TECHNIQUES ARD FIRDIRGS IV. A. Survey Methods, • B. Findings, . . . c. Discussion •... • • • • • • • • AIIALYSIS OF SIGRIFICARCE, A, Scientific Significance B, Ethnic Significance • • c. Public Significance • • D, Historic Significance • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • E, Discussion of Significance. • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • V. IMPACTS ARD MITIGATIVE ACTIONS A, B, c . Impacts by the proposed project .••••• General Recommended Mitigative Measures •• Specific Site Recommendations. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • VI. VII. PERSONNEL, • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • SOURCES. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 13 • 15 • 17 , 18 • 20 • 21 • 21 • 23 • 23 , 25 . 25 • 26 • 28 • 29 Table of Contents (Continued) ILLUSTRATIONS: Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 APPENDICES: Appendix A: Appendix B: Regional Location of Project USGS Location of project Recorded Sites in Project Vicinity Location of Sites within Study Area page # 1 2 10 14 Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology Record search Correspondence J ~1 I J J J J J J J J J "' .. "' .. 11111 ... .. ... .. .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. -.. .. .. .... .. .. -.. -.. - -.. ... -I ,. -- r-~ ~ N I 0 5 10 scale I■ ■lies Heritage Environmental Services '"t__ _______ _ POINT LO•A: f■PERIAL IEAC tSL--··.__..--~---MEill:O .I ! ALANDA PROJECT Regional Location Page 1 Fig. 1 San Luis Rey 7.5' USGS Quadrangle -1968 (Photorevised 197S) Heritage Environmental Services ALANDA PROJECT USGS Project Location Page 2 'J.'1~// ,:: . .--✓-,. -t/___,,,, ... Pig. 2 J , 1 J l J J J J J ....... .... ... .I .. I • J ... ..i J ... ~ Ill ., ... ~ .. .. , .. ... .. ,.. --... .. ,.. -------,.. --... -.. -.. ---.. -.. -.. ,.. ... ( • .. .. ... ) I. EXISTDIG SE'l'TDIG The study area for the following report is a 47-acre parcel located within the City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California (Figure ll. As depicted on the San Luis Rey 0SGS 7.5-minute quadrange, the project site is located within the unsurveyed portions of the Agua Hedionda Rancho along the northerly boundary of the City of Carlsbad, approximately .9 kilometers south of the intersection of El Camino Real and California State Highway 78 (Figure 2). The project boundaries are defined by El Camino Real on the east, Ridgecrest Drive on the west, and the Carlsbad Cor- porate Boundary on the north. largely unmarked • The southerly boundary is Topographically, the study area is dominated by a series of northeasterly-trending benches north of the sum- mit of Mount Kelly. Except for these benches, much of the study area is strongly sloping, although more or less level areas are found in the northerly and southeasterly corners of the property. Elevations within the property range from a maximum of somewhat more than 91 meters (300 feet) above - 3 - mean sea level (AMSL) along the easterly project boundary to roughly 30 meters (100 feet) AMSL at the northernmost property corner. Much of the property has sustained varying degrees of disturbance from farming, road and house construction, and erosion along El Camino Real. The study area is not pres ently being utilized for any purpose, other than beekeeping in the northerly one-quarter of the property. The biological aspect of the study area is made up largely of disturbed areas. The dominant plant community within much of the study area is one typically found in disturbed areas, consisting of annual grasses and forbs, and mustard CBrassica genicµlatal. Coastal sage scrub is present within the northerly one-third of the project area, and Eucalyptus trees are to be found along the easterly project boundary as well as within the southeasterly cor- ner. Fauna observed within the study areas consist mainly of birds, although several rabbits and squirrels were also noted. While other species may be present as well, no concerted effort was made to catalog all animals observed. -4 - • J • ' Iii J J J .. • 11111 • 11111 ,.j 11111 • , .. .. .. • '· .. ... .. .. .. .. --.. .. -.. ... .. -.. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. .. I • ... .. .. II. BACKGROUND RESEARCH A. Record Searches Archaeological record searches were performed at both the San Diego Museum of Man and San Diego State University (see Appendix Bl. A total of 24 archaeological sites (22 prehistoric, l historic, and l prehistoric/historic) are recorded within l.6 kilometers Cl mile> of the study area (Figure 3). The sites identified by these record searches range from the Paleo-Indian (ca. 10,000 years BP) to his- toric times (see Appendix A, Cultural Chronology). Since almost all of these sites have been recorded with both in stitutions, the following tabulation combines these acces sion numbers . SDi-629/SDM-W-138, A campsite, with cultural affiliation not reported. Originally recorded in the l920's, this site is reportedly 99% destroyed, but what is left indicates a heavy shell content. Arti factual material reported consists of two manos . SDi-631, This site consists of a large campsite with a poorly developed midden. Artifactual material present consists entirely of lithic tools and flakes, including manos, a metate fragment, choppers, cobble pestles, hammerstones, and a shaped pestle fragment • SDM-W-136, A multi-component "highland winter camp• containing La Jollan and Luiseno material, as well as intrusive artifacts originating in Cahuilla terri tory. According to the records, this • ••• site is - 5 - composed mostly of cobble hearths and a few granite and schist metates and manos, Flaked tools rare and no shell is present.•, but no exact location is given for this site. SDi-4990/SDM-W-137, This site consists of three loci containing Late Prehistoric material, presumably Luiseno. Artifactual material present includes Tizon Brown Ware and Colorado Buff Ware sherds, cobble cores and scrapers, manos, a metate fragment, flakes, hammerstones, drills, blades, clay pipe fragments, shell fish-hooks, Oliyella beads, and projectile points. Ecofactual material includes Donax shell, as well as rodent, bird, and fish bone. SDi-630/SDM-W-141, This site is reportedly a large campsite, although it covers only some 2800 square meters. Cultural affiliation is not reported. Originally recorded in the 1920's, this site contains a heavy concentration of shell, as well as a mano, hammers, and a chopper. SDM-W-143: This site is recorded as a multi-compon ent occupation area consisting of scattered La Jollan middens overlain by a more intensive and extensive Luiseno occupation. In addition to the main midden, which covers an area of slightly more than 12,000 square meters (3 acres), there are smaller middens strung out •,,,on the steep sided benches above and the saddles in between,,,• for a distance of more than one kilometer north and south and .a kilometers east and west with traces of shell in between, Ma terial present includes potsherds, Donax sp., animal and fish bone, projectile points, metates, manos, a Diegueno curing stone, and a few mortars. Although no exact locational data is available, the physical description of this site, i.e., •central northeast side of the Carlsbad Block, Elev. 175' to 250'" with a canyon on the east, generally fits that of the Alanda property. SDM-W-145, Another multi-component site covering roughly 4,000 square meters (1 acre), this site con sists of a La Jollan midden overlain by a relatively thin Luiseno stratum. Material present includes shellfish remains, metates, manos, potsherds, and bedrock mortars. Although its exact location is un known, it is located at an elevation of 106 meters (350 feet) AMSL, which places it outside of the Alanda property, - 6 - l J l .. ,. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. ... .. ... .. ... -.. -... .. .. -.. .. .. , ,. .. -.. SDM-W-146: This multi-component site consists of a 45-centimeter thick La Jollan midden overlain by ap proximately one meter of Luiseno midden. Areal ex tent is roughly 4,000 square meters Cl acrel. Al though its exact location is unknown, this site is west of, and connected with, W-143 by the Luiseno stratum, as well as being • ..• in saddle between W-144 and W-145 ••• •, at an elevation of 88 meters (290 feet) AMSL. Artifacts present include a portable mortar, metates, manos, flakes, and potsherds. In addition, SDM #16747 Burial is recorded as having been recovered from this site . spi-5077/SDM-W-1172: This site is recorded as a campsite consisting of two loci. Although exact cultural affiliation is unknown, the site is believed to be of the Paleo-Indian and/or Early Milling cul tural horizons. Materials observed include hearths, cores, flakes, thermally-fractured rock, and shell fish remains . SDi-5601/SDM-W-1293: This Late consists of four shell scatters about three acres. Materials include hammerstones, flakes, rock, and a chopper. Cultural reported. Prehistoric site within an area of recorded as present thermally-fractured affiliation is not SDi-5213/SDM-W-1330 (Loci A i Cl/SDM-W-144 (Locus Ill.: This extensive site, consisting of three loci covering approximately 33,500 square meters (8 acres), is located immediately adjacent to the study area, with Locus C extending onto the southeasterly corner of the Alanda property. A large, multi-fun ction Late Prehistoric village or campsite, this site has a well-developed shell midden at least 50 centi meters deep. Artifacts include large numbers of flakes, cores, and thermally-fractured rock, with smaller amounts of cores and hammerstones. Although cultural affiliation is not reported, it is presum ably Luiseno. SDi-5214/SDM-W-1331: Located to the south of the preceding site, this site is much smaller, encom passing only some 2800 square meters. As with SDi-5213/W-1330, this site is also recorded as a multi-function Late Prehistoric village or campsite but with fewer artifacts. Midden is presumably present, but its depth is unknown. Materials ob served include hammerstones, cores, flakes, scrapers, manos, one potsherd, a retouched lithic tool, and - 7 - shellfish remains, Although cultural affiliation is not reported, it is probably Luiseno. SDi-5651/SpM-W-1539: An extensive campsite covering some 32,400 square meters, this site is reported to contain internal patterning (loci), Cultural affil iation is not reported. Artifactual material in cludes flakes, a scraper, cores, choppers, scrapers, a mano, hammerstones, and projectile points. Eco factual material consists of •,,,a very light scatter of Chione sp,•. spi-5652/SDM-W-1540: This historic site consists of a Spanish-style house and associated pump house, No other information regarding this resource is avail able. SDi-6139/SDM-W-1781: This site is recorded as having prehistoric and historic components: The prehistoric component consists of a large (38,250 square meters) • ... shell and lithic scatter with apparent depth ••• •, No cultural affiliation is reported. Artifactual material observed includes projectile points, flakes, domed scrapers, bifacial and unifacial manes, hammer-pounders, potsherds, and choppers. The historic component consists of a house foundation, trash scatters, and historic porce lain. No other information is given regarding this part of the site. SDM-W-2037: Rogers' 1924 available. Site location only, archaeological site SDM-W-2038: Site location only, Rogers' 1924 archaeological site available. SPM-W-2042: Rogers' 1924 available, Site location only, are~aeological site recorded from M,J. map7 no site data recorded from M.J. map7 no site data recorded from M.J. map1 no site data SDi-7880/SDM-W-2612: A highly disturbed, shell ation reported. small (2400 square midden. No cultural meters), affili- SPi-8913/SPM-W-3029~ remains and lithics cultural affiliation A light scatter of shellfish covering 3500 square meters. No reported. Artifactual material - 8 - J ~ -J I ~ • J , • ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i • J -~ ~ ~ • ' • -• ""' ~ ""' . • , • ""' ! • ~ -- ~ ' • .. .. -• .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. -.. .. .. -.. -.. .. --.. .. .. .. I .. ... .. .. present includes flakes, a mano fragment, and a core . spj-B914/SDM-W-3030A: remains and lithics 4200 square meters. ed. Artifactual flakes, a core, core A light scatter of shellfish with an areal extent of roughly No cultural affiliation report material observed consists of tools, and a mano . Spi-9472/SDM-W-3251: This site is believed to have been covered by fill material, and so relatively little information is available. What is known is that flakes and shellfish remains are found in rodent den mounds within an area of some 750 square meters . SDi-9473/SDM-W-3252: This site also is believed to have been covered by fill material, and so relatively little information is available. What is known is that flakes, possibly thermally-fractured rock, and shellfish remains are found in rodent den mounds within an area of some 875 square meters • spi-9474/SpM-W-3253: This historic site contains at least two privys, as well as historic bottle glass, ceramic sherds, and brick and hand-forged iron frag ments dating to before 1920 • - 9 - Figure 3 is on file with the City of Carlsbad Land Use Planning Department, 10 l J J J J 11111 ..I J J 11111 J , .. .. J -... "" • I .. .. .. .. ... .. ... .. ... -.. - .... .. 11111 --... ... ... ... .. --.. .. -I .. -- B. Discussion As can be seen from the preceding, the area around the eastern end of Buena Vista Lagoon contains numerous sites . These sites have been recorded as a result of nearly 60 years of fieldwork in the area, starting with M.J. Rogers, working for the San Diego Museum of Man. Although Rogers recorded nearly one-half of the sites listed above, vital data, such as the locations of W-143, W-145, and W-146, or site data pertaining to w-2037, W-2038, and W-2042 have either been lost or were omitted. As a result of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQAl, the last ten years have seen a dramatic increase in the number of field surveys in this area (Bull 1977, 1978; Carrico and McCoy 1977; Corum 1982; Corum and White 1982; Day 1981; Johnson 1981; WESTEC Services 1980; Wlodorski 1981). However, other than locational information and rough approximations of the artifacts and ecofacts present, this fieldwork is of somewhat limited value. Despite the relatively large number of sites recorded, the results of only two subsurface investigations have been published (Bull 1978; Corum and White 1982), and both of these dealt with relatively small sites. That many of the sites in the project vicinity are extensive shell middens is not suprising, since this lagoon, like the other six in -ll - San Diego County, at one time supported large shellfish populations which in turn supported relatively large human populations. However, very little is known about these sites other cross-sections. than surface observations and erosional Since this is not the case with the majority of the other lagoons, this would seem to suggest a possibly important lacunae in the archaeological recorc for San Diego County. Hopefully, this gap will be filled before continued urbanization of the area around Buena Vista Lagoon happening. has eliminated -12 - any possibility of this l .. -.. J ... • J "! • l l .. .. .. ..I -... • "" ,,.j J .. • "' .j .. f ,. .. .. .. .. ~ • • 1111 ' .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. ... ... ... - ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ... .. ... - ( .. ... .. .. III. STUDY 'l'ECBNIQOES ARD PIRDIRGS A. Survey Methods The field reconnaissance of the subject pr~perty was conducted by an survey team from Heritage Environmental Services on July 3, 1983. Field conditions were generally good; the weather was clear and access to all parts of the property was not restricted. Although portions of the study area consist of relatively steep terrain, all of the property was physically or visually surveyed for the pres ence of cultural resources. Beginning at the northwesterly end of the property, the survey team proceeded to conduct a generally southeasterly transect, parallel with the west erly property boundary, between the starting point and the southwesterly corner of the study area, in order to cover the tops of the benches along the western property bound ary. Having completed this portion of the reconnaissance, the survey team then proceeded to survey the lower benches in the easterly part of the study area, as well as the slopes in the center, by way of generally northeast-south west transects, finishing in the northeasterly corner of the property . -13 - Figure 4 is on file with the City of Carlsbad. 14 ... .. J J J J J J J J J '"'I 11111 J .. " .. .. -.. .. .. -... -... - -... B. Pindings The above techniques resulted in the identification of two archaeological sites (Figure 4) within the study area, one of which is believed to be SDM-W-143 and SDM-W-146, 1. SDM-W-143/SDM-W-146, This site, which has been divided into three more or less separate areas b7 historic devel opment, is found along the westerly property boundary, ex tending from approximately 70 meters north of the inter section of Ridgecrest Drive and Rising Glen Drive to the southerly boundary of the study area where it merges with SDi-5213/W-1330. Within this area, which amounts to more than 50,000 square meters (13 acres), there appear to be -several concentrations, or loci, although their boundaries ... Ill' 1111 .. .. ... ... ... --.. .. .. I ~ .. ,,. ... have been blurred by discing, erosion, and other forms of disturbance. Site elevation ranges from 91 meters AMSL along the westerly boundary to roughly 45 meters where it meets the easterly property boundary, Although largely confined to the tops of benches and intervening swales in the vicinity of Rising Glen Drive, this site widens dramatically to the south of the existing horse ranch, where it stretches from the easterly property boundary to the wester~y boundary of the study area. The site is cut by a large erosional channel which has a depth of more than six meters in places. Observation of the side -15 - walls of this feature indicate a midden depth of at least one meter, and possibly more in certain areas. Lithic artifacts present within the site include waste flakes, a utilized flake, scrapers, manos, and thermally fractured rock. Ecofactual material observed consists of large quantities of marine shellfish remains, including bean clam (Donax sp.), CChione spp.>, Pismo CAstraea sp.>, and scallops (Pecten spp.>, Clam CTiyela stultocuml, Southern California Moon 'Polinicies reculusianus>. chione turban Snail 2. Alanda site il: This site consists of a very light scatter of marine shellfish remains on a low bench located in the northerly one-quarter of the study area (Figure 4>. Site elevation is approximately 45 meters AMSL. The site and its immediate vicinity is covered with a dense stand of vegetation, which made observation diffi cult. No artifacts were observed. The site covers an area measuring approximately 30 meters along the northeast southwest axis by 20 feet northwest-southeast, or 600 square meters. -16 - l J J l J l J , • , • • - ... • .. ... -.. -,.. -- ... .. .. -.. ---.. .. .. "" .. .. .. ,.. ... I .. .. ,.. .. c. Discussion The major site within the project boundary is considered to be the sites recorded by M.J. Rogers as W-143 and W-146 based upon the following factors: 1. It is unlikely that Rogers could have missed such an extensive and rich site. It is known that he surveyed this area, because W-144 is on the adjacent property to the south. 2. The description of the physical location in Rogers' site records matches that of the site on the Alanda property. Rogers' notes mention a canyon to the east which has a small discharge of water after and during the winter rains, which would be the drainage just west of El Camino Real. Rogers also places these sites on the central northeast side of the Carlsbad Block at an elevation of 175 to 290 feet AMSL, which matches the elevation at which the Alanda sites are found • -17 - IV. AIIALYSIS OF SIGRIFICARCB Significance, sites, differs from as the it is applied definitiqn in to the archaeological California En- vironmental Quality Act (CEQA). Although it is perhaps a subtle difference, a "significant project impact" in CEQA refers to an assessment of the degree of elimination sus tained by a resource through issuance of a discretionary permit, whereas significance in the archaeological sense is an assessment of a given resource's value to certain citi zens of the State of California. This is explicitly stated in Section 15082, Article 7, Chapter 3, Division 6, Title 14 of the California Administrative Code, which states that: A project shall be found to have a signifi cant effect on the environment if the project has the potential to •••• eliminate important exam ples of the major periods of California history or prehistory. (March 4, 1978, revised edition:28) Based upon the results of the field investigation and archival research, the site herein designated Alanda #1 cannot be California considered to represent prehistory. However, -18 - an important example of the destruction of l J J J l l J J J J J J J - .. • Ill .. 1111, .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. ... "" .. .. .. "" ... .. ... .. .. -.. --I • .. ... W-143/W-146 would constitute a mandatory finding of sig nificance under CEQA due to relatively broad range of pre history represented. To assess the degree of loss sus tained by the citizens of California as a consequence of such an action would require a focused Environmental Impact Report (EIR) addressing these impacts • In assessing the significance of the sites within the Alanda property, it is essential that a synthesis of rele vant professional literature be prepared and discussed, Many recent publications by specialists in Cultural Re source Management CCRM) have sought to refine and clarify the assessment problem in response to the needs of govern mental agencies, industry, and private land owners, often in urban and rural settings (Dixon 19771 Glassow 1977; Moratto and Kelly 19781 Raab and Klinger 19777 Schiffer and Gumerman 1977) . Due to the many complexities inherent in the study of archaeological sites, as well as the fact that the import ance of any given cultural resource will depend not only upon the context of assessment, but also its inherent qualities, there can never be a universal or absolute mea sure or combination of measures of cultural worth (Lipe and Grady 1975), However, despite this problem, the archaeo- logical consultant still has the responsibility of synthe- -19 - sizing the issues relating to site significance (Thompson 1977:5). In order to do this, it is essential that some relevant set of considerations be utilized, and such a set has been suggested for use in Cultural Resource Management (Moratto and Kelly 1978; Schiffer and Gumerman 1977). This list of concerns includes assessment from scientific, eth nic, purlic, and historical points of view, and the fol lowing discussion will address the relationship between these criteria and the sites located within the subject property. A. scientific Significance The preceding discussions have placed W-143/W-146 within its context as part of what was once a functioning adaptation to the resources of both this area and southern California as well. In this sense, this site is anthropo logically significant (Moratto and Kelly 1978:6), in that additional study of this site may allow for the testing of anthropological principles such logical adaptation. This is case of Alanda Site tl. as culture change and eco considered unlikely in the While W-143/W-146 may also hold substantive and/or social scientific significance (Moratto and Kelly 1978:6-7), these types of significance are best answered after more data have been collected, preferably as a result -20 - _j ' J J J J l l J J J l J J J ... .. ... • ... .. ... ... ... "" ... - .. .. .. .. ... ... .. ... .. ... .. ... .. I .. ... .. of excavation and/or surface collection. B. Ethnic Significance Moratto and Kelly (1978:10) have indicated that, A cultural resource that holds religious, mythological, spiritual, or other symbolic im portance for a discrete group of people is said to be ethnically significant. Although Native American input has not been elicited for the subject sites, Native Americans have indicated a profound concern for the preservation of sites which dem onstrate the full range of lifeways (Marston 1978). While W-143/W-146 can be presumed to contain data pertaining to a broad range of lifeways, Alanda Site tl is considered to contain such a narrow range of information as to be without value. c. Public Significance This category refers to the value which citizens of the City of Carlsbad and California place upon archaeolog ical resources. This issue is highly complex and contro versial due to the variety of interest groups: academic and avocational research, public education, and development, to name a few • The wealth of the City of Carlsbad's prehis- tory/history is considered to have a high public value at this time . In order to aid the citizens of the City of Carlsbad -21 - in understanding the prehistory of the region, as well as gain insights into the various ways in which earlier peo ples learned to adapt to and live in a changing environ- ment, the artifacts should be analyzed tion involves the and ecofactual remains of W-143/W-146 and interpreted, Adequate interpreta analysis of soils, lithics, macro and microscopic biological materials (such as fossil pollen, osteological, and marine shell remains), Charcoal samples from the subject sites should be radiometrically dated. Fossil pollens derived from soil samples should be identi fied and statistically analyzed in order to create a pie- ture of past climates, plant communities, and the the former occupants of these sites. Examination patterning of artifactual material within this diet of of the site can result in the identification of activity areas where foods were processed and cooked, as well as where baskets and lithic tools may have been manufactured. Through careful, systematic excavation, hearths, house floors, and other such features may be identified, The remains of past meals present within the sites contain important dietary infor mation, as well as indicating the type(s) of environment being exploited through time. All of these studies, analyses, and interpretations may then be abridged and published in popular books and magazines for the avocational and lay public. The callee- -22 - l _, ' J J J J J J ] J J J J J J 1 J J .. ... .. - - -.. -.. ... .. .. ... .. ... .. ... -- ... ... -... -... -.. I .. .. ... tion can be presented to the public in museum exhibits, allowing the residents of Carlsbad to more fully appreciate the prehistory of the area. D. Historic Significance Archaeological resources are said to be historically significant if: They provide a typical or well preserved example of a prehistoric culture, historic tribe, period of time, or category of human activity ... Corl if they can be associated with a specific individual, event, or aspect of history [or pre history]. (Scovill, Gordon, and Anderson 1972:19-20) Alanda Site #1 lacks the necessary diagnostic arti facts to be of any significance under this criteria. Site W-143/W-146 constitutes a unique resource, since with the exception of W-1172 and SDi-9473, very little of the eas tern end of Buena Vista Lagoon has been adequately studied . In addition, this site has been associated with two spec- ific aspects of prehistory: the Early Milling and Late Prehistoric cultural horizons. E. Discussion of Significance Based upon the preceding, as well as an analysis of background research data, significance can be addressed on a very general level for the sites present within the study area. Although there are problems at this level of re- -23 - search in attempting to assess significance, such as the limited quality and quantity of data available from field inspection and record searches, it can be maintained that W-143/W-146, holds great significance from a variety of viewoints. However, it is essential that this resource be properly studied in order to more adequately determine its significance. By the same token, Alanda Site il can be considered insigificant. -24 - J ~ ! -4 I ~ ~ J J J ~ ~ J J -~ , ~ J ~ ~ J ~ ~ ~ ~ "" ' ~ ~ ~ ~ J ... ... ... • ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... .. -► ... .. .. .. ... .. ... ... ... .. .. .. - - .. V. IHPA~S ARD MITIGATIVE ACTIONS A. Impacts by the proposed project If approved, the proposed land use for the study area, a residential development, would most likely result in the total destruction of those archaeological sites located within the study area. Since Alanda Site il has been deemed insignificant, any impacts to this resource can be considered significant as well. However, W-143/W-146 has been found to be a significant prehistoric site, therefore any impacts to this site should be considered significant. B. General Rec011111ended Mitigative Measures In mitigating impacts to cultural resources, there are two standard choices, one or both of which can be utilized • Basically, impacts are mitigated through either preserva tion or salvage. It is presently recognized within the discipline that salvage is the alternative of last resort since this option is normally too expensive in both a fis cal and temporal sense1 operations of this sort rely heav ily upon highly skilled manual and analytical labor and take relatively large amounts of time to perform. Addi- tionally, since cultural resources are non-renewable and, -25 - especially in the case of the coastal zone, somewhat rare, preservation for future study is considered to be a goal to strive for. Preservation can be achieved by: 1. Denial of project -not recommended. 2. Placing in open space -recommended. 3. Capping of the sites -also recommended, but probably not feasible Salvage can be achieved by: 1. Preliminary testing of site(sl. a. establish datum b. post hole series and/or surface collec- tion c. controlled excavation of test unit(s) d. cataloging of all artifacts e. illustration of all features encountered f. brief report 2. Data Recovery Program a. excavation of a representative sample of W-143/W-146 b. cataloging of all artifacts c. analysis of all artifacts d. special studies radiometric dating, palynology, shell analysis, etc. e. report to City specifications C. Specific Site Recommendations It is recommended that a testing program, which should minimally consist of a posthole series and between five and eight manually-excavated test units, be undertaken at W-143/W-146 in order to more adequately assess its sig- nificance. If this testing indicates the presence of a truly significant resource, salvage or some form of pres- -26 - J _, J J J J J J J J J J .. ... ... • .. .. -... ... ... -.. ... ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. -.. ... ... .. ... - -... .. .. I .. ... .. ervation would remain the choices of the developer. How ever, if ·the testing operation is deemed sufficient miti gation then all restraints resulting from the presence of cultural resources should be removed . The site referred to above as Alanda Site fl is considered to represent too limited a potential as to be significant. For this reason, simple recordation is considered to be adequate mitigation of this site . -27 - VI. PBRSORHEL H. Keith Polan Mary Polan -28 - Principal Investigator Archaeologist ' J J J J J J J J J J J J ... ... .. 1111 ... .. .. .. ... .. -.. .. .. .. .. -.. ... .. -.. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. -.. / • -... - VII. SOORCES A. Individuals and Organizations Consulted Fred Kidder Ken Hedges Martha B. Wiley B. References Cited Bull, Charles . Cultural Resource Management Center, SDSU San Diego Museum of Man Environmental Manager, Nasland Engineering 1977 An Archaeological Survey of Buena Woods 3-4, Carls bad, CA. Manuscript on file with Cultural Resource Management Center, SDSU. 1978 A Test of SDM-W-1172: An Archaeological Site in Buena Wood. Manuscript on file with Cultural Re source Management Center, sosu • Carrico, Richard and Leslie McCoy 1977 Archaeological Investigations of the Master Plan 300 Acres Project, Oceanside. Manuscript on file with Cultural Resource Management Center, SDSU . Corum, Joyce M . 1982 First Addendum Archaeological Survey Report for a Proposed Auxilliary Lane Extension in Oceanside, 11-SD-78 0.0/3.1, 11206-086121. Manuscript on file with Cultural Resource Management Center, SDSU . Corum, Joyce M. and Chris White 1982 Final Report for an Archaeological Test Excavation at Site CA-SDi-9473 Carlsbad, California, ll-SD-78, P.M. 0.0/3.1, 11206-086121. Manuscript on file with Cultural Resource Management Center, SDSU . -29 - Day, Sandra 1981 Archaeological Survey of Encinitas Village Project. Manuscript on file at San Diego Museum of Man. Johnson, Melissa J. 1981 Archaeological Survey Report for a Proposed Auxil iary Lane Extension in Oceanside, ll-SD-78 P.M. 0.0/3.1 11206-086121. Manuscript on file with Cul tural Resource Management Center, sosu. Larry Seeman Associates, Inc. 1982 Draft Environmental Impact Report Revised Parks and Recreation Element Carlsbad, California. Manuscript on file with Cultural Resource Management Center, SOSO. WESTEC Services, Inc. 1980 Regional Historic Preservation Study. Manuscript on file with Cultural Resource Management Center, SDSU. Wlodorski, Robert 1981 Cultural Resource City of Carlsbad, file with Cultural Evaluation Buena San Diego County. Resource Management -30 - Vista Creek, Manuscript on Center, SOSO. J l l J J J J ""' ill J J ""' J .. J ~ .. J ... .. ... .. ... ... ... .. .. ... .. ... ... ... ... ... ... ----.. ... ... -... ... .. .. .. ... ... ... .. -.. I • .. ... ... APPENDIX A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology ... .. .. .. -.. -.. ... .. -.. .. -.. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. , .. Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology The majority of rec~rded sites in the vicinity of the project area·are believed to date be not older than eight thousand years and most likely date within the last two or three thousand years. For this reason, the following cul tural overview will be restricted to the time period from approximately BC 6000 to the advent of American intrusion in this area. 1. Early Archaic cultural Horizon The Early Archaic Horizon is distinguished from the preceding Paleo-Indian Horizon by a major shift in subsis tence strategy. Whereas the San Dieguito are believed to have pursued a strategy emphasizing the hunting of large game animals, such as deer, the peoples of the Early Ar chaic exhibited a pattern of resource exploitation based upon the gathering of plants, marine resources, and small game. Although there are undoubtedly many other reasons for this shift, one of the major factors in the transition from the Paleo-Indian Horizon to the Early Archaic was the -Al - Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology inundation of large amounts of coastal areas caused by a world-wide increase in sea level (Bickel 1978:7-9). The increased sea level not only removed low-lying coastal areas from the total of available land, but also resulted in the formation of numerous lagoons along the southern ~alifornia coast (Warren 1964:122) which in turn offered a highly favorable environment for wildlife. That this state of affairs may have exerted a •pull", drawing people from the then-arid inland areas to the coast, perhaps goes without saying; the fact is that the increase in sea level, with the attendance lagoon formation, is more or less co eval with the appearance of the La Jolla culture some seven to eight thousand years ago. This is reflected in the ar chaeological record by a dramatic increase in the frequency of grinding implements, such as manes and metates, and shell middens at coastal sites, as well as evidence of a rather sedentary, high-density population, which persisted in more or less the same form until perhaps AD 1300 (Warren 1964:125-126). The transition from the Paleo-Indian to the Early Ar chaic is not well understood in the coastal area as it is inland, although there is a fairly complete chronology ex- -A2 - l .. -◄ J • .. J ] J J • .. J .-... • J J J J , .. , -' ~ J ~ ~ ..I J ... .. ... • ... ... .. ... .. ... .. .. .. ... .. -- ... .. -.. .. .. -.. .. -... .. "' ... I .. .. .. - Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology tant for the coast. There have been three complexes de fined within the Early Archaic in the San Diego area: a coastal manifestation, known as the La Jolla Complex; and two inland complexes -the Pauma and Amargosa. Since the Amargosa Complex is commonly believed to be confined to southeastern San Diego County, and is therefore outside of the scope of this study, this overview will ignore this desert complex and concentrate on the La Jolla and Pauma complexes, one or both of which are believed to have in habited northern San Diego County . While it can be generalized that sites of later time periods tend to be located at lower elevations and, in the San Luis Rey River Basin, alongside the streambed (True 1958:255), it has been hypothesized that certain sites within this geographical area which do not conform to this tendency are representative of a pre-Luiseno complex (Eberhart 1952; Meighan 1954:222; True 1958) • The sites attributed to the Pauma Complex are quite uniform in their appearance, although their location apparently varies from one region to another (True 1958). Pauma sites in the Pauma-Pala area are characterized by thinly scattered artifacts located on the mudflow deposits -A3 - Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology and fault benches, while those in the Valley Center area to the south are found on exposed knolls and saddles over- looking present-day intermittent water courses. The sites in both areas are all surface deposits, lacking any evi dence of midden, house pits, or other dwelling remains. These sites vary in their areal dimensions from two to approximately twenty acres in extent, with an elevational range of 146 to 550 meters above mean sea level. Addi tionally, all the known sites of the Pauma Complex lack any evidence of shell, and osteological remains are poorly represented at best; the lack of shell· being particularly intriguing in light of the close proximity of the coast and the presence of shell at inland sites from other cultural horizons. In many ways the Pauma Complex is similar to the pre ceeding San Dieguito Complexr for one, its lithic industry is characterized by crude stone implements -many of which are essentially the same as those of the San Dieguito -and grinding tools. Local lithic resources were apparently used for most ground stone implements, while chipped materials were nearly all made from imported materials; at least at the Pauma Type Site, Rincon 47. Artifacts include -A4 - J .. ' -4 , ~ J J ] J , • J J -4 J J l J .. • .. ' • .. ' ◄ ~ ~ ' • , • ... ... • .. .. ... .. -.. .. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .....,_,_ .. .. .. .. ... ... ... .. .. .. .. I .. .. .. ... Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology manos, metates, cobble hammers, core hammers, core scra pers, discoidals, stone balls, ~rescent stones, and a num ber of differing types of projectile pointsr examples would include concave-based triangular, basally and side-notched triangular, straight-based triangular, oval leaf-shaped, and stemmed • It was Malcolm Rogers who first suggested that the La Jolla Complex should be broken down into two phases: the La Jolla I and La Jolla II. This partition is based upon differences in burial practices and strict artifact assem blages (Rogers 1945). It has been subsequently suggested that these differences were not really phases, but rather, • ••• seasonal and economic differences or differences in the artifact sample ••• • (Moriarty, Shumway, and Warren 1959:162). On the other hand, Moriarty, et al. (1961:118), as well as Warren (1964:127), felt that the •phases• hypo thesized by Rogers actually represented the gradual buildup and stabilization of a village population . Warren (1964:133) interprets the development of the La Jolla Complex as being more ecologically conditioned. His scheme for this development would be as follows (Warren 1964:138-145): -AS - Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology Period I: San Dieguito and Early Man Period II, 6,000 BC to ca. 3,000 BC. The initial date corresponds to the appearance of the La Jolla Complex on the San Diego coast, while the terminal date is defined by an ecological change that resulted in a reduction in the size and depth of the coastal lagoons, caused by heavy silting, drastically reduc ing the supply of shellfish. Period III: 3,000 BC to 1,300 AD. This is the most poorly documented of the three periods; the terminal date is tentatively set at the beginning of marked cultural influences from the east, marked by the in- • troduction of ceramic technology into the area. Each period, which represents a somewhat arbitrary unit of time, is further divided by units of cultural sim ilarity characterized by a dominating pattern of economic existence known as stages (Warren 1964:134-135). Period II is divided into two stages: the Adaptive Collecting, which is largely hypothetical and undocumented; and the Incipient Maritime, which is clearly present in such sites as the Scripps Estates Site and portions of the Sorrento Site and SDi-603 (Warren 1964:149). During the Adaptive Collecting Stage, believed to have lasted from BC 6000 to BC 5500, a small population is pos ited to have entered the area from the interior regions, bringing with them an economic pattern adapted to gathering -M - J J J J J - J J J J J J .. ... .. • .. .. -Ill .. .. .. Ill .. .. .. .. .. Ill -.. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. .. .. Ill .. ... I .. Ill .. .. Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology in an arid, inland environment (Warren 1964:131). The reasons for this movement are currently ill-defined, but it· can be hypothesized that this reflects a series of large scale dislocations brought on by the drought of the Alti thermal. This stage is considered to be one of transition, entailing an adaptation of subsistence strategy to the re- sources of the coastal areas . Representative sites would include the Batiquitos Lagoon (Warren 1964; Warren and True 1961) and the Scripps Estates Site (Moriarty, et al. 1959) . Typical tools include percussion-flaked cobbles, large primary flake scrapers, and manos and metates (Warren 196 4) . The Incipient Maritime Stage is believed to have las ted from approximately BC 5500 to BC 4300, and is charac- terized by a maximum utilization of coastal marine resources, reflected in the relatively large amounts of shell present in the middens dating to this period. Arti fact assemblages are characterized by small domed scrapers, Olivella shell, manos, metates, discoidal-shaped and doughnut-shaped stones, and a wide range of large chopping and hammering tools • However, the artifact inventory in this stage is relatively small and in most respects indis- -A7 - Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology tiguishable from the major portion of the assemblage from the next stage. The exception, which Warren (1964:146-147) feels may be diagnostic of this phase, are large, crudely percussion flaked knives that are similar to those of the San Dieguito, except that the latter exhibit an extremely well-controlled percussion flaking manner of manufacture. Three such La Jollan blades were recovered from site SDi-213 on Batiquitos Lagoon, and these representing culture Dieguito populations contact between (Warren 1964:147). are interpreted as La Jollan and San Burials are in- frequent for this stage, but those known are mostly flexed with the head usually oriented in a northerly direction. Examples of this phase would be the Scripps Estates Site, the Torrey Pines Site, and the Batiquitos Lagoon Site. Settlement patterns appear to indicate that there was a great emphasis on the gathering of shellfish from rocky foreshores and seeds, rather than fishing. Hunting evi dently played a rather small and unimportant part in the total economic strategy of these people, perhaps due to a scarcity of game attributable to the dry conditions, and perhaps to the relatively abundant and easily procured shellfish populations and other marine resources in the -AS - J _, J J J J J J .. - • ... -.. ... .. ... .. .. .. ... Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology coastal lagoons, as well. The Incipient Maritime stage is considered to have begun sometime around BC 5500, and continued until some time after BC 4300 (Warren 1964:149). The terminal date evidently represents an approximation, with the actual ending date varying from one area to another, as will be discussed below. This stage is characterized by a maximum use of marine resources, manifested by a relatively large amount of shell present in middens dating to this period. The artifact assemblage is characterized by the first --appearance of spire-lopped Olivella, disc clamshell beads, and stone discoidals, as well as the continued use of small .. ... .. ... ... .. ... .. .. .. ... domed scrapers and rare occurrences of leaf-shaped points and knives. There is also an increase in the frequency of artifacts such as manos, metates, and a range of crude scraping, chopping, and hammering tools, which have been interpreted as indicating an increase in population (Warren 1964:150). The vast majority of La Jollan burials also date to this period, with a persistence of the flexed position with northerly orientation of the head from the preceeding Adaptive Collecting stage. Toward the terminal date for the phase, notched projectile points appear and -A9 - Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology points and knives become more numerous although still rare. By BC 3000, and perhaps as early as BC 4300 (Warren 1964:115-117, 152), changes in the climate, and the slowing of the rise in sea level which increased the siltation rate in the coastal lagoons, resulting in a change in the ecol ogy of the area forced a shift in population patterning. The length of time during which the lagoons silted in is not exactly known, but between approximately BC 2000 and AD 700, the populations of both shellfish and humans appear to have been considerably reduced from the levels main- tained circa BC 4000-5000 (Warren 1964:123). Areas to the north of Mission Bay/False Bay turned to more intensive hunting and plant gathering, while other areas shifted to a subsistence strategy emphasizing fishing and maritime ac tivities, but with a much lower population density than during the preceeding time period. In the areas adjacent to Mission Bay/False Bay, however, it is believed that the subsistence strategy and population patterning of the In cipient Maritime Stage continued to be manifested until an unknown, but much later time. Period III represents a time of readjustment to the new environmental conditions (Warren 1964:186), which were -AlO - J I .. .. J l J J l J J J J J J J ... .. .. ... .. ... .. .. ... .. .. -... .. .. .. - .. .. .. ... .. .. ... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. I .. .. .. .. Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology actually still in a state of flux until perhaps BC 1000 in some areas • There was also another movement of peoples from the east toward the Peninsular Range Province of Southern California, During this period there was a con- tinuing shift from lagoon-oriented exploitation to a greater dependence upon river-valley resources as the la goons continued to silt in, This shift in the economic focus of the La Jolla peoples is reflected in a rather sudden drop in the percentage of shells found on sites, as well as a concomitant increase in the percentage of manos, suggesting a greater use of seeds in the diet of these people (Warren 1964:187) . In summary, the uniting factor for the above-mentioned complexes is not limited to the advent of milling technol ogy, but is rather an aura of a gathering economy reflected by the entire artifact assemblage and the fauna! remains in the sites. While shellfish remains and/or milling stones are common, there is an extreme paucity of hunting equip ment as well as the remains of game animals. This gather ing economy apparently was not originally adapted to the ecology of the coast and it has been hypothesized that the coastal cultures originated in the interior desert areas -All - Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology and followed the rivers to the coast (Meighan 1959; Osborne 1958). The current lacunae in the data from the interior, as well as from the coast makes it virtually impossible to confirm or refute this hypothesis, however, The obvious similarities between such complexes as Pinto, Gypsum, Co chise, and the early gathering complexes of the Southern California Coast certainly suggest some sort of relation ship, but until these complexes are better defined and have been adequately dated these relationships will remain nothing more than tantalizing possibilities. 2, Late Archaic cultural Horizon The Late Archaic Horizon is manifested in Northern San Diego County by various phases of the San Luis Rey Complex (Meighan 1954; True 1973). As with many complexes, it is divided into two phases: the San Luis Rey I and San Luis Rey II, The people of this complex were probably the direct ancestors of the present-day Luiseno Indians. The first phase, San Luis Rey I, is associated with Rogers' Yuman II typology for Southern San Diego County (Rogers 1945), This phase is exemplified by the following assemblage of tools and artifacts: bedrock and portable -Al2 - l .. • J J J J J J J J l J J J J ~ ~ J J - .. .. ... .. ... .. ... -... -... .. ... - .. .. ... -... - -.. ... ... -.. ... r .. .. ... Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology metates and mortars, unifacial and bifacial oval manos, pestles, doughnut-shaped stones, finely-made traingular projectile points, stone pendants, Olivella discs, quartz crystals, deer bone awls, chipped cannon bones, and bone and antler flakes (Warren 1964:207). Unfortunately, the exact settlement pattern and subsistence scheduling for this phase have yet to be worked out. Meighan (1954:222) dates this phase as starting about AD 1400 and ending ca . AD 1750. However, these dates have since been moved back so that mow the San Luis Rey I is believed to have b~en from approximately AD 500 to AD 1500 (True, et al. 1973). In any case, it has been reported that no San Luis Rey I sites have been recorded in the Coastal Province of San Diego County, although sites are known wherein pottery has been found in association with a complex of tools typical of the La Jollan culture (Warren 1964:208). The San Luis Rey II Phase is placed by True ( 197 3) at between AD 1500 and AD 1800. The area covered by this group was probably the same as that known for the historic Luiseno. The artifact assemblage included bedrock grinding features, manos, triangular projectile points, bifacial knives, scapers, sraper planes, arrowshaft straighteners, -Al3 - Appendix A: Northern San Diego Gounty Cultural Chronology bone awls, Olivella beads, Olivella discs, clay pipes, clay figurines, and pottery vessels. There is some question as to when pqttery first arrived in this area; Meighan postu lates a date of about AD 1500, but McGowan (IN Iovin 1963) feels that it arrived around AD 1250. True indicates that the people of this phase probably exhibited a cultural pattern similar to that of the his toric Luiseno (True, et al. 1973), which included a pattern of seasonal exploitation of local environments as they moved through the area that was defined as their own. Villages were located at either lower-elevation foothills in the winter or higher-elevation mountains in the summer. All of this was contined within a relatively very small and clearly defined territory. Each of the seasonal camps had associated processing stations and camp sites. Most of the village sites supported a population of from 100 to 200 individuals (White 1963). Such a population density would seem to suggest that a village of this size would have been forced to maximize its exploitation of the local environ ment in order to support its population. The cultural recipients of the San Luis Rey Complex are the Luiseno, a term given by the Spanish to the people -Al4 - • ,.j J J J J J J J J J J .. .. .. .. • p I.. .. ... .. ... .. .. .. ... ... ... .. ... - .. .. ... .. ... .. ... --.. ---.. ( .. .. .. - Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology living near the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia. Linguis tically, the Luiseno belong to the Shoshonean lang~age family, which relates them to the Cahuilla, Cup_eno, Gab rieleno, and the Capistrano, although they are believed to have recieved some aspects of their material culture from the Diegueno to the south, i.e., pottery (Rogers 1966) . ' Kroeber (1908) indicates that the name for their speech was Ne-tela or Cham-tela. A great deal of data has been gathered by various anthropologists to describe the Luiseno and their culture. As stated above, they are probably the cultural recipients of the San Luis Rey II; therefore much of the cultural information for the Luiseno can be con sidered analogous for the San Luis Rey Complex, although drawing analogies between pre-contact and contact or post-contact cultures is usually considered questionable at best • To the Luiseno, the lineage was considered the basic political unit (Phillips 1975). Kinship, marriage, rights of succession and res"idency rules were all determined by lineage. Membership in the lineage was based on patrilineal descent. The various lineages were grouped into exogamous clans, which Kroeber estimated to number at least 80 indi- -AlS - Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology viduals among the Luiseno (Kroeber 1925). Lineages from the various clans in turn formed endogamous territorial units that had political functions. White (1963:159) cal- led these political units •rancherias•, which he estimated to consist of about 50 individuals. Commenting upoh the political structure of Luiseno, Kroeber (1925:688) stated that, • ••• it is clear that the chief was the fulcrum of the Luiseno society. The religious group was called a 'chief', the social groups were the 'children'. A chiefless family was nothing but a body of individ uals. Chiefs headed up family groups, although the one thing that is obscure is the relation of the chief to the territorial or political groups. •since there can scarcely have been several family chiefs of equal standing of the head of such groups, and since the families were so small, they could not have been the sole political units. Pos sibly there were always chief-families, and in a large community, the chief of a certain family may have been accorded primacy over his colleagues.• the While the principle of primogeniture was strong among the Luiseno, in that sons always succeeded their fathers as chiefs, when no men were available to replace dead leaders it was sometimes allowable for a woman to succeed to lea dership. The Luiseno practiced the Chingishnish form of re- -A16 - ... I -.,, I .. ... J J J J J l J J J "" • -... - • .. ... .. ... .. ... -... -... - -... ... .. .. ... .. ... .. ... --- .. ... .. .. 1-.. .. -- Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology ligion, a forceful tolache cult, with all of its cermonial and ritual behavior. It was considered a new faith, having come into the area at about the same time as Christianity (DuBois 1908). The efforts of the early Spanish mission- aries to convert the inland Luiseno to Christianity only served to strengthen the belief in Chingishnish. The Chingishnish cult came to the Luiseno from the islands of Santa Catalina and San Clemente: first to San Juan Capis trano and then to San Luis Rey, •••• and from there they brought the ceremonies and 'gave tolache' in all the upland Luiseno places such as Rincon, Potrero, Yapiche, and La Jolla, and carried the ritual to the Dieguenos of Mesa Grande and Santa Ysabel.• (DuBois 1908:75). This trans mission of the faith was brought about in large part through the proselytizing zeal among its adherents. The Chingihnish was a secret religion based upon ritual and vision questing. "Acquaintance with Luiseno mythology re veals altogether a loftiness of conception, a power of de finition and of abstract thought, which must find these people claiming a place among the dominant minds .•. • (DuBois 1908:74). The Chingishnish ceremony also incor- porated the use of simple geometric sandpainting (DuBois 1908:71), utilizing seeds or meal sprinkled over sand to -Al7 - Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology form the designs CKroeber 1925). Kroeber (1908) has indicated that the Luiseno had a wide-ranging system of rituals and ceremonies, besides that aesociated with Chingishnish. One of these was the Moknic Ashwiti, or eagle ceremony. The entire ritual took about one year, during which the village chief raised the bird to maturity. It ended with dancing and rites in which the eagle was killed and skinned. The feathers were then made into a skirt which became an object of ceremony often was associated with the veneration. This death of a chief, and was usually given by his successor Ciovin 1963; DuBois 1908). It has been noted that the condor was employed in the same way by eastern Luiseno groups, while bald eagles and chicken hawks were utilized by_ peoples on the coast (DuBois 1908:182). There are other ceremonies which were performed in Luiseno society, dealing with such events as death, funer als, mourning, longevity, and the initiation of boys and girls into adult life (Iovin 1963). The Luiseno also had an involved and intricate form of rock art, which may have been associated with one of the initiation ceremonies. The form taken by this art form is chains of diamonds, -Al8 - J J , .. J .. .. l -... J J l J .. ... .. ,. I .. .. • -.. -.. -.. -.. -.. .. ... .. ... ... ... ... .. -... .. .. .. .. .. I .. .. .. ... Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology cross-hatching, circles, crosses, linear patterns of dots or straight lines, or any combinations of these (True 1954; True, et al. 1973; Iovin 1963). They are generally located on a single boulder and are in association with a specific village • The Luiseno had a wide variety in their material cul ture. Many of the items found in the San Luis Rey Complex can be found as well among the ethos of the Luiseno, some of which include: fishhooks, nets, fire drills, mortars, metates, manos, pestles, brushes, tweezers, digging sticks, food paddles, spoons, stone and pottery bowls, baskets, awls, saws, cordage, war clubs, throwing sticks, bows, arrows, slings, projectile points, knives, scrapers, and choppers, as well as musical and gaming toys (Iovin 1963) • The above listing is of course only a small portion of the Luiseno material culture; some types of artifacts, such as baskets, can be broken down into at least twelve different forms. Economically, the Luiseno were similar to the people of the San Luis Rey II Phase in that they lived in semi-permanent villages and practiced a seasonal round form of subsistence strategy. Each of the villages were -Al9 - Appendix A: Northern San Diego County Cultural Chronology semi-autonomous units and claimed strictly defined terri torial areas which were defended from all intruders. This settlement pattern was changed as the Anglo-Americans began moving into the area, forcing the Luiseno onto small res ervations which represented only a small fraction of their former territory, -A20 - J _1 J J J J J J J J l J J , .. Ill .. ... ... ... ... -.. -.. --.. .. -.. .. .. ,.. -.. -... .. .. .. .. .. .. -.. -.. I ,.. --.. APPBRDll B: Record Search Correspondence .. .. .. ----.. --.. .. ---- .. .. .. -... ,.. .. .. .. ... .. .. .. .. .. I ,. ,.. .. June 17, 1983 Mr. Fred Kidder Cultural Resource Management Center Department of Anthropology SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY San Diego, California 92182 Re: Request for an archaeological record search Dear Fred: FILE COPY This letter is to request an archaeological record search on the following project: ALANDA -CARLSBAD EIR: Unsurveyed portion of Townships 11 South and 12 South, Range 4 West on the San Luis Rey, California USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle (see attached map). The study area consists of approximately 47 acres located between Ridgecrest Drive and El Camino Real, south of, and adjacent to, the Carlsbad Corporate Boundary. Sincerely, H. Keith Polan Project Archaeologist enclosure CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT CENTER DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY COLLEGE OF ART13 ANO LETTERS SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY SAN DIEGO, CA 92182 (714)265-6300 265-6520 Heritage Environmental Services 6/17/83 (XX -~ .:-. -" . . _. I • .) ,._ -., - : n e Sa (i_ Ji =·Jc i t ~: ~ ~ n • •. _ '. •• s . : ~ t ~~t~i~ t~2 :raj~~t ~rs~ -"Ir ....... • ,1 1 _., •.,/I -, ...... ;lies sh:½ recorded s~:~ 1oca~ions ~~~hi~ on~ ~i1e cf the or0ject. Dae:. __ 6123/83 J. t'l -... • .... ,Ci, .. .: " J. See attached listing . ....Andrew Pigniolo-.. -. -6/22/83 . . · ' .,,. .,,,, __.. ... _,.;· ~----: ·---.. -·-... :.'.·~~--•• -...... ' ' , -.. ·-. ~ -, THE CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY ANO COLLEGES .. .. .. i II J l J J l J .. ... • ,. .. ... .. .. ... .. -.. .. .. .. ... ... ---... ... .. -.. .. ... .. .. .. I ,. .. .. .. June 17, 1983 Mr. Ken Hedges SAN DIEGO MUSEUM OF MAN 1350 El Prado San Diego, California 92101 Re: Request for an archaeological record search Dear Ken: This search on letter is to request the following project: an archaeological FIL£ COPY record ALANDA -CARLSBAD EIR: Unsurveyed portion of Town ships 11 South and 12 South, Range 4 West on the San Luis Rey, California USGS 7.5-minute quadrangle (see attached map). The study area consists of approximately 47 acres located between Ridgecrest Drive and El Camino Real, south of, and adjacent to, the Carlsbad Corporate Boundary. Sincerely, H. Keith Polan Project Archaeologist enclosure SAN DIEGO MUSEUM OF MA~l h •-'oul, .... ,,.;, torpor.,;H fonuJ ;,, 191', ,ol-• lffli•t for ,-,.;17 -' ,lis""7i•1 ti,, /if, -' billorJ of '"""· REPORT ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITE FILES RECORD SEARCH Source of Request: Date of Request: Heritage Environmental Services -Keith Polan 17 June 1983 Date Request Received: 20 June 1983 Name of Project: Alanda-ca.rlebad The Record Search for the abOV"e referenced project has been completed. The project area map is returned herewith, along with archaeological site forms for the folloving sites located within and in the vicinity of the project area: w-136 w-137 W-l'+l W-l'+3 thru W-11+6 W-ll72 W-1293 W-1330 W-l33l W-1539 w-15'+0 w-1781 W-2037 W-2038 ·W~ol+2 W-3029 W-3030 W-3251 thru W-3253 In addition, bibliographic information is included for the following EnvirOJ1D1ental Impact Studies located in the vicinity of hte project area: EIS-US EIS-l2l Record Search by: Grace Johnson Date: 2l June 1983 EIS-21+o EIS-'+83 1350 El Prado, Balboa Park, San Diego, California 92101. Telephone (714) 239-2001 .. ' • .. -J I ... • J J J J J - J J l J J J ... ... ... • ... .. .. .. .. .. -... --.. .. -- ... .. ... .. ... ,.. .. .. .. ,.. .. .. ... .. ► "' .. ... .. Appendix 6 Service Letters 801 Pine Avenue, Carlsbad, California 92008 729-9291 "Excellence In Edu<.·ation .. BOARD OF • TRUSTEES --THOMAS L CURTIN, M.D. President W. ALLAN KELLY • Vice President - - J. EDWARD SWITZER, JR. Clerk JOHN J. MAMAUX M,:,mber JULIANN!: L NYGAARD Ill 11.\ember jlll -.... _,,,_,_ ... -... .. ,,. .. -... ,.. .. .. .. .. ~ .. DISTRICT ADMINISTRATION PHILIP GRIGNON, Ed.D. District Superintendent SUSAN H. LARGEN Instructional Services DAVID WM. BATES, SR. Employee Relations JAMES M. STARK Comptroller RICHARD A SHALER Information Systems K.C. DUNLAP Facilities/Services June 30, 1983 Ms. Martha B. Wiley Nasland Engineering 4855 Ruffner Street San Diego, CA 92111 Dear Ms·. Wiley: The following is in response to your letter of June 16, 1983 regarding the Environmental Impact Report for the Alanda Project. 1. Schools which will be affected: a. Magnolia School 1905 Magnolia Avenue Carlsbad b. Valley Junior High School 1645 Magnolia Avenue Carlsbad c. Carlsbad High School 3557 Monroe Street Carlsbad 2. Current enrollments and capacities of affected school: enrollment a. 517 b. 685 C. 1284 3. Generation Rate: capacity 600 900 1800 a. & b .. 60 per Single Family Dwelling; .40 per multi-family c. .44 per Single Family Dwelling Martha Wiley June 30, 1983 Page 2 4. Impact on the school district: Some classes may become crowded, impacting the educa tional and transportational services offered to the students. Pods may have to be added to adequately service the needs of the students. I hope this information proves helpful. If you have any questions, please call me at 438-6610. Sincerely, Marilyn Potter mp , • • • --4 ~ ~ • .. .I • ' • ., .. • .I .. ' • ... i Ill -~ ... ~ t 1111 ~ II .. f • ~ .I .. ,, Ill .., t .. ~ ,4 ..... '\ ~ i .. .. -i - .. .. I .. -.. --.. - -.. -.. ----... .. .. .. .. ... .. -.. .. -.. .. -► ' .. .. ... .. 1200 ELM AVENUE CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 92008-1989 JUNE 20, 1983 MARTHA B. WILEY NASLAND ENGINEERING 4855 RUFFNER STREET SAN DIEGO, CA 92111 EIR FOR ALANDA PROJECT ~itp of ~arl~bab FIRE DEPARTMENT THE PROJECT AREA IS SERVED BY FIRE STATIONS 1 & 3. STATION #1 IS LOCATED APPROXIMATELY 11/4 MILES FROM THE PROJECT. STATION #3 IS APPROXIMATELY 1/2 MILE FROM THE PROJECT (THIS STATION WILL EVENTUALLY BE RELOCATED TO A SITE APPROXIMATELY 11/2 MILES FROM THE PROJECT). THE LOCATIONS OF THE STATIONS ARE: STATION #1 -1275 ELM AVENUE STATION #3 -CORNER OF CHESTNUT AND CATALINA A FIRST ALARM STRUCTURAL ASSIGNMENT TO THIS SITE WOULD CONSIST OF TWO ENGINES, A PARAMEDIC UNIT AND A BATTALION CHIEF (TOTAL OF 10 PERSONNEL) . TELEPHONE: (619) 438-5521 WHILE WE EXPECT THE PROJECT TO ADD INCREMENTALLY TO THE NUMBER OF EMERGENCY CALLS RECEIVED BY THE FIRE DEPARTMENT, WE DO NOT ANTICIPATE ANY ADVERSE IMPACTS CAUSED BY THE PROJECT. ~,._,,___ ~ ·;;::z=-~ /~RIAN WATSON BATTALION CHIEF LMF 4 _______ N_A_S_L_A_N_D __ E_N_G_I_N_E_E_R_I_N_G _____ _ V CIVIL ENGINEERING SURVEYING LAND PLANNING 4855 RUFFNER STREET, SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92111 (714) 292-7770 June 16, 1983 Job Number 283-1041 Business Office Police Department City of Carlsbad 1200 Elm Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 Subject: Environmental Impact Report for the Alanda Development Project Dear Sir/Madam, Nasland Engineering is preparing the environmental impact report for the proposed General Plan Amendment and zone change for the Alanda Development Project. The enclosed map shows the location of the project site. The project involves the amending of the General Plan to permit up to 600 low to moderate income apartment units on the northern part of the site. The existing designation on the southern part of the site would be retained to allow up to 75 single family houses. Therefore, the project proposes up to 675 dwellings on the 47-acre site. In order to properly evaluate potential impacts to the police department, we would like to have the following information: 1) the location of the police station which would provide primary service to the site; /.::? co f; /,..., /t..-e,,. 2) 3) 4) 5) the number of personnel on the staff of this station; f:)J' the current service ratio of officers per 1000 people; /. ~ response times to serve the site; and ".l-3 /71,;,.,, n > future plans for expansion or consolidation o~ police services without considering the proposed project. /Y 11,.,.,,. In your opinion, would the Police Department be able to provide adequate protection to the project site? Would the proposed development have a significant adverse effect on the provision of police protection to the City of Carlsbad? If so, what means would you suggest to the developer to reduce or eliminate any impacts? R. _ ) ,... J J il y /; ,5. · /'?~)' rt.i,.,, rt• 4J,J I T",i,,,t,J? ~) 1i,t ptr&~n,,t.,/ A't 6.,.,, 1J , ,, • .,.-_ ll f-, r} _,!; ptt" t) Please do not hesitate to call me if 1 can provide additional information or answer any questions. Sincerely, NASLAND ENGINEERING 111. ~ Gt.. ,s . 6.J ~ Martha B. Wiley / .. I .-. -• • ... • .. .al , .. .. ! • .. • .. , II .. • ---... ., • .. .. .. .i l .. t .. .. ' • ... , .. ,.,. ' 41 .. J -.. .. ... ,. .. ------.. --.. ... .. Appendix 7 --Air Quality Data • ... ... -... -.. -.. ... .. .. ... ... -,. J .. ... ... -... - .. .. -... -.. -.. ---.. -.. --.. -.. -.. -... -.. .. --.. -... • .. -.. / APPENDIX 7 AIR QUALITY DATA As required by the San Diego Air Pollution Control Board and the California Air Resources Board, an analysis of stationary and mobile emissions is included. The analysis is based on the following assumptions: • • • • • A total of 4,200 trips per day generated by the project • An average trip length of 9.7 miles (SANDAG, 1978) • Monthly electricity consumption of 700 kilowatt hours per unit • Mon~hly natural gas consumption of 70 therms per unit • Emissions generation rates from SDAPCD (SDAPCD, 1981) . Results of the air quality computations are shown on Table 1. Pollutants Hydrocarbons Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Oxide Sulfer Dioxide Particulates (TSP) TOTAL TABLE I AIR POLLUTANT EMISSIONS SUMMARY (tons/year) Vehicular Use 24.540 249.392 29.079 303.011 Electricity Consumption 0.724 5.170 0.077 1.45 7.421 Natural Gas Consumption 0.399 2.0 0.119 0.199 2.717 ~ II( • '~ ~ • Fireplace J Use • 1.24 1111 29.70 J 0.25 .. wl 4.95 ., 36.14 .. Ill • _. ,., .. tli Ill .. .. ,. • • Ill .. -' -f --◄ • -" , . • .. - .. ... .. ... r••-I -.. ------.. .. -... -.. --·· • -... -.. -... 11111 .. -----.... .. , .. .. - WORKSHEET# FOR ESTIMATING HYDROCARBONS, CARBON MONOXIDE AND NITROGEN OXIDE EMlSSlONS (Vehicle Population Mix; Average Speed = 35 mph) PROJECT NAME CONSULTANT NUMBER OF VEHICLE TRIPS PER DAY DATE AVERAGE MILES PER TRIP , 1--___ ............,; _________ _ VMT '-I ioc Vehicle Trips Day = Day Hydrocarbon = (VMT) Emissions ----=n,_a-y""--- 1. t"· Miles X --Trips . = x 365 Days • ~ Grams Year x Mile Miles/Day ----- X 1.1023 x 10-6 Tons Gram + (Trips) Day X 365 Days l. :+Grams Year x Trip 1.1023 x 10-6 Tons - Carbon Monoxide Emissions Nitrogen Oxide Emissions x-----=------Gram = Tons Year (V!\1T related) Tons + --==--~--=--.__,,....-,---,,,---Year (Trip related) Tons/Year = (VMT) X 365 Da:ts Day Year + (Tri!?§} x 365 Dais Day Year = Tons Year (VMT related) + = :;}_c../Cf,3'=t2 Tons/Year = (VMT) X 365 Da~s Day Year + (Tri~) x 365 Da~s Day Year = Tons Year (VMT related) + = :;_e:i.O-+'j Tons/Year CZ -2..2 x •-' Grams Mile Y. -6 1.1023 x 10 Tons Gram (o~_<ft x Grams Trip 1.1023 x 10-G Tons x ___ __..;.-=G=-r-e.m ____ _ Tons Year (Trip related) I. f.o '4 Grams x _.....,,M..,...,il-e--X 1.1023 x 10-6 Tons Gra.m = I I :s. J ,3DGrams X Trip x _ _..;;;1;.;;.;. 1::...;0:;_;:2;.;:3;...;x;.;;....::.l_;;_0-_6_T_o_ns __ ::. :; . J ~ Gram Tons Year (Trip related} WORKSHEET #5 (DOMESTIC HEATING) FOR ESTIMATING PARTICULATES (TSP), SULFUR DIOXIDE (SO2, CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) AND NITROGEN OXIDE (NOx1 EMISSIONS PROJECT _NAME _,_A.;..;:l.,::;..A.......,;_N..;;..]).....,_A-'----------- CONSULTANT FIRM --------------------- NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS (DU) S:oo NUMBER OF THERMS PER DU PER MONTH. . TOTAL THERMS/MONTH 3$ oou- TSP co NOX 10 lbs* X ' 3 1 ft N.G. 1050 BTU x 100,000 BTU THERM 12 Months x----- Year X 1 ton 2000 lbs x (_3_· _':_,_:.,i_:.,_·~_1 _)THERMS/Month= _0_._/_9 ..... 'f....,__ ______ Tons/year 0.6 lbs* 106 ft 3 1 ft3 x--- 1050 BTU x 100,000 BTU THERM 12 Months x----1 ton x---- Year 2000 lbs x ( :.. • J J 1 ) THERMS/Month = _0~• _1...:.1-'4.__ _____ Tons/year 20 lbs* 3 100,000 BTU 12 Months 1 ton 1 ft N.G. X X X X 106 rt3 1050 BTU THERM Year 2000 lbs x(:,5, oao ) THERMS/Month = 0 ·'5"11 Tons/year 100 lbs* 1 ft3 100,000 BTU 12 Months 1 ton 106 rt3 X X X X 1050 BTU THERM Year 2000 lbs X ( -2.5 oo c.1 ./ ! ) THERMS/Month= 2. ,0 Tons/year ,. *These emission factors were obtained from Supplement 7 of the U.S. Environmental Pro tection Agency's Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42. • .. • , 1111 • • • • • .. .. .. -.. "' .. -... .. .. -- --- ------ .. .. .. --- - ----.. - 111111 11111 WORKSHEET #6 (POWER PLANT) FOR ESTIMATING PARTICULATES (TSP), SULFUR DIOXIDE (S02, CARBON MONOXIDE (CO} AND NITROGEN OXIDE (NOx) EMISSIONS PROJECT NAME CONSULTANT ALA NUfl DATE FIRM ---------------------- NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS (DU) "500 KILOWATT HOURS (KWH) PER DU PER MONTH . TOTAL KWH/MONTH . • . • . . . . .. . . . too TSP co 10 lbs* 1000 gal. 157 lbs* 1000 gal . 1 gal. 3 * • * BTU x 150,000 BTU X 0.00029 KWH 12 Months X --=-=--Year ) KWH/Month= /. 45 Tons/year 1 ton X 2000 lbs 3** * gal. 1 BTU x 12 Month x (S) .oo34** x 150,000 BTU x 0.00029 KWH Year X ( ·3S"O, ,o j ) KWH/Month X 1 ton = • 0 "f 1 Tons/year 2000 lbs 5 lbs* 1000 gal. 1 gal. 3*** BTU x 12 Months 1 ton X 150,000 BTU X 0.00029 KWH Year x 2000 lbs • x ( -:.,:50, vY5 ) KWH/Month= • 1-"2... lf Tons/year , 35.7 lbs* 1000 gal. 1 gal. 3*** BTU 12 Months 1 ton x 1so,ooo BTU x o.00029 KWH x Year x 2000 lbs x ( 3 CC} ::>v .:J ) KWH/Month = 5, J l O Tons/year *These emission factors were obtained from Supplement 7 or the U.S. Environmental Pro tection Agency's Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42. ' * * .0034 is the decimal equivalent of (S) the percentage, by weight, of sulfur in the oil • ••*This factor is used as an average of boiler efficiencies at the various SDG&E power station. WORKSHEET #7 (RESIDENTIAL FIREPLACE) FOR ESTIMATING PARTICULATES (TSP), CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)t HYDROCARBONS (HC) AND NITROGEN OXIDE (NO ) EMISSIONS X PROJECT NAME ALA Nb A DATE CONSULTANT Nl\tLANb FIRM NUMBER OF DWELLING UNITS (DU) WITH A FIREPLACE. . . . TSP 20 lbs* 1.98 Tons** .5 Cords 1 ton X ( Ton X Cord X DU,Year x 2000 lbs = ~.'rS Tons/year co 120 lbs* 1.98 Tons** .5 Cords 1 ton X ( Ton X Cord X DU, Year X 2000 lbs = ;)Cf.10 Tons/year HC 5 lbs* X 1.98 Tons** .S Cords 1 ton X ( Ton Cord X DU,Year X 2000 lbs = I . '2. '-I Tons/year ·• NO 1 lb* X 1.98 Tons•• .5 Cords 1 ton X { X Ton Cord X DU, Year X 2000 lbs = .. 2s Tons/year ., i-z.o~&-3 soo 500 )DU '5 Ou )DU 500 )DU -500 )DU *These emission factors were obtained from Supplement 7 of the U.S. Environmental Pro tection Agency's Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, AP-42. ••Assumes red oak with a 12 percent moisture content. J J l J , .. J J ..