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Home My WebLink AboutEIR 329; AGUA HEDIONDA SPECIFIC PLAN; EIR - ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT; 1976-06-01Di D ~ 0 LJ D D D D l] D u D u D (J D D :o i' ,{] -----D R A F T E N V I R O N M E N T A L I M P A C T R E P O R T ----- A G U A H E D I O N D A L A G O O N ~ P E C I F I C P L A N 3c.9 PREPARED BY: THE CITY OF CARLSBAD PLANNING DEPARTMENT WITH ASSISTANCE FROM RICK ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS (RECON) AND THE SAN DIEGO _COAST REGIONAL COMMISSION JUNE 1, 1976 ·' ' i i D D ;J D u D 0 D D D [] D u D LJ 0 0 0 D D {] I. n. T A B L E 0 F C O N T .E N T S Title Page Project Des~ri~tion l ·Environmental Setting 5 A~ Geology 5 B . Soils 8 C . . Hydrology 10 D. Offshore Hydrology 14 E. Water Quality 17 F. Meteorology 19 G. Air Quality 12 H. Flora and Fauna 19 ·::l. Water Associated Airfauna 2,2 J . Intertidal Subsystem 24 K. Maritime Subsystem 28 L. Upland Subsystem 29 M. Upland Wildlife 30 N. Noise 42 0. Archaeology 44 p. Public Utilities 46 Q. Community Services 47 R. Recreation Facilities 49 Title III. Environmental Impacts of the Project and Mitigation Measures Recommended to Minimize Adverse Impacts A. Construction B. Geology and Soils C. Hydrology and Water Quality D. Agriculture E. Aquaculture F. Visual Resources G. Biological Systems H. Air Qua'lity I. Traffic J. Noise K. Utilities L. Community Services M. Recreation Facilities N. Archaeology 0. Energy Conservation Measures IV. Adverse Environmental Effects Which Cannot be Avoided if the Project is Implemented V. Altern~tives A. SDG&E Property on North Shore of Outer Lagoon B. Ecke Property on North Shore of Outer Lagoon C. Papagayo Property D. Snug Harbor Property E. Whitey's Landing Property F. Portion of Bristol Cove Property G. Pannonia Property 51 51 ,53 54 55 57 58 59 62 65 f,7 68 69 71 72 76 77 78 78 78 80 80 81 81 83 [ [ [ [ [ [ 0 C D [J D C D 0 D C D D J D u D ~ D D D l] D u D LJ D 0 D [] □· u Title. H; Propos~d Recreational Vehicle Park I. · Proposed Future Power Plant .Site . J~ Alternatives Matrix for All Properties Within the Study Area VI.· The Relati~nship Between Local Short-Term Us.es. of Man I s Environmen-t. and the Maintenance and Enhancement of Long~Term . Productivity VII .• Ahy lrreversible Changes Which Would Be Involv~d in the Proposjd Action Should Jt Be Impleme~ted VIII. Growth-Inducing Impact I X . X ; List of Agencies Consulted Bibliography APPENDICES Appendix A -Geologic Units Appendix B -So 11 s Appendix C -Floodplain ) Append_; X D --Water Quality Appendix E -Flora and Fauna Appendix F -Noise Level Projections Appendix G -Archaeology Appendix H -Utilities Appendix I -Traffic Analysis Appendix J -Agua Hedionda Habitat Acquisition Proposal ~ 83 84 88 94 95 96 97 99 A-1 B-1 C-1 D-1 E-1 F-1 -G-1 H-1 I-1 J-1 L I S T Tables II II II II II Figures II II II II II II II II II II II II II II l - l 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 A B C l 2 3 4 5 6 V-1 V '-2 V-3 V-4· ·v-5 V-6 0 F T A B L E S A N D Fault Zones Record of Dredging Monthly Temperatures Monthly Precipitation F I G U R E S Days Exceeding ·Air Quality Standards Habitat Are·as -Location Map ~tudy Area Project Map Bottom and Shore·Substrate Types Agua Hedionda Lagoon Watershed Littoral Currents -Annual Sand Transpor~ Seasonal Beach Erosion Park Site SDG&E and Ecke Papagayo and Snug/Harbor Pannonia~ Bristol Cove, Whitey's Landing Proposed RV· Park Prbposed Power Plant Alternatives Matrix and Area Key ~ 7 11 20 21 24 29 2 3 4 9 l 2 15 16 15 50 79 79 82 82 85 87 [ [ [ [ [ [ ii [ ~ [ [ D C D u D € D Q 0 D D D (] D u D 0 D ~ 0 [] 0 ~ D LJ D 0 D D D {] I. PROJECT_ iDESCRI PT ION The City of Carlsbad, the California Co~stal Zone: Cbnser~ vation Commission·and a group of property owners have entered into a cooperative agreement to prepare a Specific Plan for the Aqua Hedionda Lagoon and its imme~iate environs. The project has been divided into t~o distinct boundaries, the first and latqer boundary being the study area, which i.ncludes all properttes within the ' Lagoon ~nfluence area-. The smaller boundary is known as the planning area and includes mostly undeveloped properties surround in~ the Lagbon shoreline. A ~~o of the oroject area i~ ~ttached~ 1he ~rnject for the purpo$eS of this EI R, has been defined as the 7 City of Carlsbad General Plan. This EI R will then be ,,,used· to assist in developing a Specific Plan for the Lagoon which: ,_ l. Reconciles the City's Gene-ral Plan.'with theState Coastal Plan. • 2. Defines l~nd uses within in the specific plan area in light of the environmental iriformation contained in this document. . 3. Contains mitigation measures for im~acts identified -in the E I R. In these ways the E I R is being used· as",:a working tool to develop a Specific Plan which is sensitive to the environmental features/of the stµdy area and attempts to avoid, at the outset, potential. _impacts. The potential impacts discussed in this EI R ar~-based·on the maximum adverse effects which could occur as a result.,of the project. It is·the City·Sta_ff's intent that these , i mp a c bh ;~:t !3 to be av o i de d and mi ti q ate d to· the qr eat es t extent possible'through design criteria and land use controls aoplied through the Specific Plan. ' ~o ipecifi~ dev~lopment proposals are b~ing evaluaterl as a -result of this EI R. It is intended that as de~elopm!3nt pro posals are submitted within the Specific Plan Area, they will be accompanied with detailed ·project data which will supplement the EI R. It is ·likely that maDY of the mitigation measures s u g g e s t e d i n th i s E I R w i l 1 be-a pp l i e d • a t the ti me. o f i .n d i v i du a l project approval. • • ·' •• -1- AGUA HEDIONDA SANTA MA.RCARITA A CUA HEDIONDA LAGOON 0 0 -N !I SCALE IN MILES 10 10 SCALE IN •l(IL0METEflS zo FIGU,RE A LAGOON . -· .... VICINITY ... .. , .. ' f • ... . ,. -, .. .-·· ...... • oVAL.i..EY CENTER • .. . . . \ ,. .• '· .... • .. -:· . { .. _ ... : '· .~ _.: ·._. ' ,·. . . ' .. ~ . ; [ I : [ [ D ' G ' ' D a LJ CJOC=:J .,, ,,.--/,\ . I w I .,,. ~>,/\· :_\._,;, . ~ -~' ~~ .. ~\~/.· •• ). .. ,,~- ,,. -:--\ \ . • .. '\ \ - AGUA .HEDI ON.DA ' SPECIFIC PLAN UOIND STUDY' aaaa ..... FIGURE B STUDY .AREA ~-MAP SCAU ............ '-.. ~ -... ..... , .... LJ LJ cJ --- .l .. __ ... , .... :-,·,.,·· .--, __ I ' .. -·-.J I I(, / I "'~"~--•• •✓-· -. --':-----L _) ·-------::J_ / , ..... ------.J~_;-- \.._, --J I I I \ / p~~~~~~-,~,~----------~~--,-~ / ' ' ----- \ \ -------------- CJ C:J I j ., I i I I I I I .J:>, I 0 AGUA - HEDIONDA SPECIFIC PLAN UGIND -· HUDY AHA - PLANNING All& ,».;,,.<~fad: -High Density_ ..... RMH Higll DomitJ .......... ' .... RH Novmlwd Camm. ........ N Rooalllian Camm. ......... RC Tl'lllll~ ............ 15 Nanllooidonlial IINaw ... lll!R ~Space ................ os ·, ElomontarySchool ....... : .. E Public Utilities::'.::: ..... : .... U CITY OF CARLSBADGENERAL PLAN - ICAU ~-500 0 500 l7 L7 • -._ ·-~ I .\" _!.· ~~ ~Ji[_,·. . -· ::__ -i . l ···-"] \~ ••. . . . . . --. . c: .-~~ f: :·:: ·/ ·'\'. ·,._' ~: ·- -----..../ --------------- FIGURE C II II II 0 U I. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING D LJ D TI n 0 [] 0~ a 0 LJ 0 0 0 D D G A. GEOLOGY . . ,: The Agua Hedi on d a Sp e;-c if i c Pl an s i t e i s s i tu ate d on ocean terr~ce deposits-of Quaternary age. These sediments consist of soft tO moderately hard clays-tones, sandstones and conglomerates. The lateral extent of each of these units is limite~, and the overall thickness of the terr~ce deposits i~ estimated to be thin. Sandstbne of the Tertiary age underlie the terrace deposits. • ' The sandstones inclu~e·the Torrey and Del Mar sands, whi~h are compact and are· poo_rly to mode·rat'ely cemented and··easily .eroded. The basement complex consist~ of granite rock of Crustaceous age. Th~ recent and Tertiary iediments are nearly flat, lying with the seaward exposures_ severel_y eroded. • • Agua Hedionda Lagoon i·s the drowned mouth of a ri~er.cut 1 ; valley, typical of the several estuaries that indent the Southern California Coast. This valley was cut into sedimen~~ry rocks th~t deeply bury .the older metamorphosed v<;>lcanic rocks of. the Santiago Peak Volcanics of Juras~ic Age which crop out approximately two. m·iles· east of the head of the Lagoon. The volcanics and associated intrusive igneous rocks of the Southern Batholith und~rlie most· of,the drainage basin of Agua Hedionda Creek {California Division of Mihes and.Geo1., 1965). . · • .· -, . . . . ' ' ~ a . . . . This sequence of:volcanic and intr~sive rock~ was deeply: erode'd and partially bu.r•ied -.by sediments during the late Cretaceous ·P~ri-0d. The climate of the· time was tropical and mci~e humfd than at p:resent-. ·and the res1,.1lting::intensive weathering resulted in_ a'· th i-c'k l ayer . of c lay th a t has • b e en mi n e d i n sever a 1 p l a c e s ea s t of Ev a n s P o i n t n ear th e h·e a d o f th e L a goon (Weber , 1'9 6 3 ) . • ' . . Marine waters covered the coastal -~rea during the Eocene Epoch an~ "a wedge of marine sediments thicken~nq toward the w~st buried the older· topograp~y (Wilson, 1972). • · • .:: . • The_ Pleistocene, representing the last two million ·year·s,.has been marked by world-wide fluctuations of se·a level... During glacial peribds the sea dropped below its present level, and during inter glacial periods it often stood higher th~n today. Durfng t~e· hig.h . stands of sea level, wave action cut prominent marine terr~ces:that are represented-now by. the extensive ro)ling URlands that·bord~r • the ·Lagoon (~Bell and Scott, 1975). • • • During low stands of sea· level, Agua Hedionda Creek eroded''·a deep yalley into the Eocene sediments. As sea .level b~gan to rise 18,000 to 20,000 years ago the advancing sea water filled the valley, forming a deep, ppen embayment. Gradually, this embayment filled in with silt and sand from the creek and slope-wash from. ,.. 5- the sides while wave deposition and long-shore drift formed a partial sand barrier across th~ ~ay mouth. Four basic geologic units are located within the boundaries of the Agua Hedionda Specific Plan area. These are: . . . 1) Quaternary Alluvium (Qal) 2) Quaternary Fill (Qaf) 3) Quaternary Loma Linda Terrace Deposits (Qt) 4) Tertiary La Jolla Group (Ts) See Appendix A Landslides. The downslope movement of earth materials i·s a normal geologic process by which hill slopes are flattened and stream channels widened .. The rate of downslope movement ranges from rapid, as in rock falls, to slow and imperceptible, as· in soil creep. Almost all slopes are involved in some form of move ment. Most of these movements are of, little consequence, but there are areas susceptible to large-scale movement. Landslide. areas within the City of Carlsbad occur mainly on the north-facing slopes along creek channels, and in many cases are associated with steep slopes in rocks of the La Jolla Group. Faults. Agua Hedionda, a.rid all of San Diego County, are located in a regional zone that has seismic activity and a relatively high potential for earthquakes. To t~e north-east of the Agua Hedionda area are such major fault zones as the Elsinore, San Jacinto, and San Andreas. They are located approx imately twenty-six, fifty and seventy-three miles away, respectively. Fifty-seven miles northwest of the study area is the Newport Inglewood Fault Zone. These faults have all been associated with seismic activity. • West of the study area is the Rose Canyon Fault Zone. It is located approximately seven miles from the project site in the ocean floor. This fault zone extends south to Rose Canyon,· near La Jolla, where it consists of nu~erous, tightly spaced, parallel fra~tures. The Rose Canyon zone has a very limited history of seismic activity; however, recent geologic investigations suggest that it may be but one segment of a larger fault system that extends from Long Beach to the northern Baja California peninsula. According to the Seismic Safety Element of the Carlsbad General Plan,.no known faults are located within the study area. -6- D C D C C .... •' ' •• ·, :.: .: > I Distance I From Fault · Site Zone· (miles) !San Andreas 65 NE !San Andreas ., ' ' "' ; . ~an Jacinto 48 NE San.Jacinto Elsinore ·25 NE Newport- Inglewood 57 NW (a) At epicenter \ \ \ TABLE I-\1 I FAULT Z0N~S ) • Eq!ivalent Historic Int'nsity(a) Estimated Magnitude (M,odi fi ed· Acceleration (Richter Mercalli Epicentral at Encina Seale-) Scale) .. Acceleration ·site 7.l · IX 0.50 • 0.08 8.0 XI l.80 0.15 (Postu-, lated) ' 6.8 lX 0.40 0.10 , 7.0 , IX 0.50 o. 14 (Postu-.. Jated) 5.0 VI :0.05, • 0.04 -< ', 6.3 VIII 0.20 0.06 .. ., -1- ,,.,,,. ,.,_,·. B. SOILS The Agua Hedionda Study area is characterized by numerous soil varieties. According to soil maps prepared by the . • United States De~artment of 'Agriculture Soil Conservation Service, twenty-eight. different soil types are found within the boundaries of the study area. A soils map and description of each son:. type is included in ·Appendix B of this report. Also included are ··slope and runoff characteristics and suitability. Bottom Sediment and Shore Soil Types .. The bottom sediment of the Lagoon is basically determined by the sources of supply an~ by ~he water·circulatton pattern. There is a net input of. beach sand into the outer Lagoon through the entrance due to the process of longshore drift (Inman and Frautschy, 1966; Ritter, 1972) and there is an inptit of finer sand, silts and clays into the inner Lagoon from-Agua Hedionda Creek and to a les~er extent into the middle Lagoon from minor stream drainage. The tidal curren~s-during flood and ebb-tide attain hiffh enough velocities to erode and.transport finer sediments .in,. suspension so that only the coa~s~r particles remain on the, bottom of the major channels connecting the various sections of the Lagoon with the sea. The-current velocities are higWest between the jetties at the ent~an6e and decre~se away _from the ~~inriels and toward the inner portions of the Lagoon where the lowest velocitie~ occur. The smaller· sizes of sand, silt and· clay as well as small particles:·,of::;organic detritus drop out ·of the water whenever the curreht speed decfeases below their indi ~idua1· critical transport velocities~ Thus there are coarse grav.els between the entrance jetties, medium ... coarse. sand along the main channe:ls leading into the inner Lagoon and finer sands, silts, clajs, and organic detritus in areas away from the channels and especially in the far eastern Lagoon section. A more detailed . descriotion of the bottom sediments is given by Bradshaw and Estberg,' 1973, and by Miller, 1966. - The intertidal area has been lined with granite boulders as rip-rap to prevent erosion at exposed points in the outer ~~gbon and where the channels bet~een the Lai~ons are conitricted,(fi~ .. l)~ E l s e w h ere th e o u t er La goo n s ho re l i n e c on s i s ts l a r g e l y o f f i n e· • s a n d with ~obble patches. Mo~t of the int~rtidal zone of the middle_ .Lagoon consists of mud containing many_-empty clam shells with slightly more saridy,secti6ns along the ~est and east shores. The southern shoreline of the middle Lagoon between the rip-rap under the bridges varies from coarse sand to patches of silty mud. The intertidal zone.of the ·inner Lagoon, with the exception of the rip-rap. under the highway bridge.and· on the banks of Bri~tol Cove, iaries from narrow sandy beaches to mud-clay banks. An extensive mud flat innundated ·only during tides greater than MHHW (+5.5 feet) extends east of.the Lagoon. • -8- : .. [ [ [ .( l [ C D [J 0 .: -, 0 0 -.0 iD o CJ ~ CJOCJ ~ CJ u CJ b CJ Cc=:J c=JO· CJ c::'.J CJ u CJ ~ I <..C t -N l -c> 0 1000 2000 b-· . -i . • • .►, _·.: .. -,~ ::_:::..:J $CAL l 11111 f'[(T o., . -f-·. --.·,-.,,--!. .. ·--_.:, ., ... , ~--,-.3 BOTTOM AND SHORE SUBSTRATE TYPES 'AT AGUA HEDIONDA LAGOON --------·-----·--·----------------·---- From Agua Hediondo:' Lagoon Sludy, Brodsh.ow 8 Estberg, 1973 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·_ I : I C. HYDROLOGY The Agua Hedionda Study area is situated within the Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit. This unit is a triangular-shaped area of about 210 square miles, extending from Lake Wohlford on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west, and from Vista on the north to Cardiff-by-the-Sea on the south. Aqua Hedionda Lagoon, the major hydroJogic feature within the study area. is subject to water level-variation governed largely by tides~ Dredgin~. • Agua Hedionda Lagoon was originally dredged in 1954 to provi e condenser cooling water for the Encina Power Plant. which was under construction at the time. The size and depth of the Lagoon were_ designed to provide a tidal prism wi.th an adequate and reliable 1 source of cooling water for the ~ower plant du~ing normal conditions .. In addition, there was to be enough water in ·the Lagoon that in the event of sudden closure of the intake channel between the Lagoon and the ocean due to storm turbulence, the Lago-0n water could be used by the power plant ,until emergenc,.y dredging operations could reopen the channel and reestablish normal flow. -Over the years the channel has r~mained open eve~ under adverse weather con.dition.s; howev_er, there is a progressive silting in the outer Lagoon, especially in the north end. The tot a 1 q u a n ti t y • of ma t e ri-a l d red g e d i n th e i n i t i a l p r o je c t w.a s 4,279,000 ·cubic yards: 3,254,000 from the middle ~nd inner por tions and 1,025,000 from the outer portion. At the eastern edge of the inner Lagoon a 17-foot.su~p was dredged to allow for silt deposition from rain runoff entering the eastern end of the Lagoon. Maintena~ce .df~dging to keep the outer section of the Lagopn from filling in is required about every. 2 years. The dredging also· prevents a sand berm from building· up at the inlet channel of the Lagoon. . • The sediment from the initial dredging project and the·'. s u b s e q u e n ,t d red g i n g pro j e c ts h a s . bee n d i ~ c h a r g e d to th e o c ea n be.a c h west of the Lagoon.-·· This disposal, site was approved by the State L a n d s Co mm i s s i o n ·o. n S e pt-em b er l , l 9 5 5 . Ma t er i a l per i o d i c a l l y depos i·ted con tr i bu:tes to the bu i] d-up of· the beach and helps to s tab i .1 i.z e the ex i s ti n g shore 1 i n e . -10- [ [ [ [ [ [ L ~ [ [ 0 C D 0 0 € D 0 D D D u D TI ~ 0 [J D (] D LJ D 0 D D D u TABLE I-2 RECORD OF DREDGING AGUA HEDIONDA LAGOON Date Amount l o3 cu ·yards 2/54 -10/54 8/55 -9/55 9/57 -12-/57 10/59 -3/60 1/61 -4/61 9 /6,2 -3/63 9/64 -2/65 11 /:66 -3/67 l /,69 -• 3--69 1/72 -2/72 Figures as of March 1~74 4,279 90 226 370 -227-· 307 222 . 159 , . _97 · 209 Source: San Diego Gas and Electric Compahy Comments 'Initial Dredging Maintenanc~ Dredging Maintenance Dredging Maintenance Dredging Maintenance·Dredging Maintenance'Dredging Maintenance Dredging Maintenante Dredging Maintenance Dredging Maintenance ·Dredging .. Drainage. • Minor amounts.of local drainage ente~ the Lagoon. at various location~ throughout the inner, middle and outer sections. Most of the fresh water, howeve~, enters from Agua Hedionda Creek lo~ated :it the extreme eastern ~nd Qf the inner Lagoon. Agua Hedionda Creek and a major tributary, Buena Creek, together drain an area of 29 squ~re miles or 18,560 acres (u.s~ Army Corp~ of Engineers, 1973) .. The drainage area (fig. 2) is bounded to the north by a range of hill~ just south of State Highway 72; to the south by Palomar Airport Road; ~nd to the northeast by the San Marcos Mountains. Agua Hedionda Creek, originating in the hills south of the San Marcos Mountains, flows generally southwesterly, and c~rtfluences with Buena Vista Creek about 3 miles downstream. From this point it turns more westerly and 6 miles downstream enters Agua Hedionda Lagoon. The average stream gradients along Agua . Hedionda Creek range from 43 feet per mile (upper reaches) to 35 feet p~r mile (low~r reaches) with the exception of an extremely steep section_(L6s Monos Canyon) where gradients attain 180 feet per mile. ·: Downstream· from Los_ Monos Canyon, the creek broadens into a shallow , ~ w i d er _c ha n n el w i th g e n t J y r o l l i n g over b a n k s th a t c h a· n g es i n to a n . 1:-_imp,rb'ved channel through the Rancho Carlsbad Mobile Park and. golf . -course. Below El Camino Real the natural channel becomes shallow '~nd indistinct with a very broad flood plain which becomes inundated at'times -0f heavy flooding. . ... ·-' . The magnitud~ of the intermediate regional• flood (100-year :period) ·is estimated to be 10,500 cubic feet ~er second wh1le the Standard Project Flobd (greatest likely to occur) is projected to be 15,000 cubic feet per ~econd~ Major flooding occurs along the ~reek and its tributaries mostly from December tb Ap~il, although it can occur at any time of the year. Other than du~ing these periods there is _little stream flow and consequently v~ry little _,,_ I -,I N I i, -AGUA H·EDIO.N.DA LAG-OON WAT.ERSHED •... ·, ', - Eeans Pt cl 0 Z b+--3 . f= -3 :::J SCALE IN MILES D D D u D TI D 0 D J] D D LJ D 0 0 D D fresh water reaches the lagoon on a regular-basis .. H'istor-ical records indicate that damaging floods have occurred in 1862, 1884, 1895, 1916, 1927, 1932,•'1938;and ·1942·.·, During these flood periods consid~rable sediment presu~ably eptered-the Lagoon, much being deposited.in the headward se~tion. ~A map·of·the floodplain can be- found in Appendix c~ • • .,,,, The Lagoon has an underwater channel system which acts as the main conduit of otean wat~r entering and leaving the Lagoon,, In th~: outer basin~ one channel with ma~imum depths of 8 feet leads from the Lagoqn entrance to the power pla.nt cooling water intake· at the ·southwestern corner. A not her channel with maxi mum -depths of 6 feet leads from the entrance to the middle Lagoon. In additiorr the outer Lagoon contains several basins. from· 8 to 12 feet. deep (Bradshaw. and Estberg, 1973). While water flows to all parts of the outer Lagoon the strongest current goes into the middle Lagoon and continues into the inner Lagoon through a channel under the· bridges with depths as great as 30 feet~ A sand bar exposed du r i n g mi nus ti des s e par ates th i s deeper ch an n el . from; the rem a i n de r of the Lagoon where depths average about 8 feet. As the water enters the inner, basin it fans out and slows down forming .another large sand bar to the east of the Highway Bridge. ·~ At extreme high tide (+7~7 feet MLLW) the Lagoon has approxi~:~ mately J88 acres of water surface. At extreme low tide (-2~3 feet• ; MLLW) the surface area is reduced to approximately 296 a·cres·, • • • form in g . a n i n t er ti d a 1 a r ea of a p pro x i ma t e 1 y 9 2 a c re s . Th e . t i d a l ' : prism (water volume between MHW and MLW flowing in and out with . the tides ) ts estimated to be 1,265 acre feet. ' ,' ,, :, -1 3-i • D. OFFSHORE HYDROLOGY The major ef~ect that sand transport has on the Ag~a Hedionda lagoon is through wave action and littoral drift. These two pro cesses can build ~Pa sand berm across the channel of the lagoon arid reduce the tidal flushing to zero.-It can also deposit a great deal. of sediment within the lagoon, turning the lagoon into a !'sand trap" which can reduce the tidal prism. This h~s been proved by the amount of material that has been redredged from the outer lagoon throughout the years. The predominant cause of sediment tra~sport along the shoreline is longshore littoral currents developed as a result of wave actfon in the nearshore environment. Sea wave~ . approach the shore at a small angle producing a water discharge in the direction of wave travel. Sand particles are set in susp~nsion primarily by the· ostillating water motion·generated by the wav~s. • Once in suspension, the sand cari be transported by the nearshore littoral-currents (fig. 3). The rate of sand transport is roughly proportional to the product qf the amount of wave energy dissipated and the velocity!of the littoral current. . _ Iri Southern California, the domin~nt littoral drift direction is southward due to the magnitude and frequency of wave generated storms in the North Pacific. Occasionally, waves produce sand transport north from south west Pacific Ocean storms. The net_ 1 i t tor a l d r i ft a l on g th i s co a s t l i n e i s _ s, o u th w a rd . • _Emery ( l 9 5 4 ) and Inman. (1960) separate littoral mov~~ent along the Southern,; California coast into five litttiral cells. Due to topographical f ~ aJ: u r e s be a c h s a n d _ tr a n s po r t e d lb y 1 i t tor a l d r i ft i s co n f i n e d to small separate sections of the GOastlin~ d~ffhed by ~ubmarin~ canyons, jetties and major land projecticins. Agua Hedionda Lagoon is _located w i th i n the Oceans i de 1 i t tor a 1 s a n d c e 1 1 . I t rec e i v es i ts s arid.- supp 1 y from local rivers, streams, and erosion of the San Onofre Bluffs. The sand is transported along the coast southward by littoral dfift and is emptied into the La Jolla submarine canyon. Th~ rate of-sand transport~d past.the Agua Hedionda Lago~n area is estimated by the California;Department of Water Resources (1969) to be approximately 215~000 cubic yards per year (fig. 4.). The seasonal offshore-onshore transfer of sand caused • by· w.inter and summer wave action also affects sand berm build-up ~nd ~~position within the lagoon.·· Wint~r storms generate short' period high am'pl itude waves which erode beach sand and deposit_· it· off shrire in the·form·of longshore bars. During the summer months, waves are considerably smaller and dissipate less energy. Sand is then r~mo~ed from th~ longshore bars and deposited back along the coast (fig. 5 ). The seasonal change is most visible in• the inter tidal zone, where on many narrow Southern California beaches the sand is entirely removed during the ~inter and spring months. The beach from the Agua Hedionda Lagoon intake jetty south approximately 1.5 miles is nearly devoid of sand durin~ the winter.and spring amd consists primarily of cobbles and bedrock. During late spring and summer the sand is redeposited t~roughout the intertidal zone. -14- [ [ [ [ L [ E [ [ D C 0 0 D f D 0 D C D D D u 0 TI 0 D D u D 0 0 D D ·,_ . ~ o,,IKOIIIJ . . ---Li ttor-al Drift • · ,,; CLUff FIGURE''3 , ~~as6nal Erosion ------•->------. ■rACM 011 1110111 --,.co.a.1,- POA[SltOI![-.•----IACKSHOIH A/I ■ IIAC:14 • ,aC:[ 11.0PI: I I. ,. 5 -15- ANNUAL SAND TRANSPORr littoral '\.~ • , transport . "{•-.:: ... ,. , ,/'' 100,000 cu yd/yr 10-_:--;-;;!, • • OmruLd• lar • Annu"al S~nd Bypassing Artificial • . oglc•l,Ms'o.-2·00, 000 cu yd/yr · Barriers to '\ ~...-:.. - Longshore -,...,..-1:"cr"~ ~ PU.ti "" ~ •• Transport ~= noo•JU. . ,-4 ·-•• • -·. ~--. .."I;:'" ~Q "littoral transport \·~~-r' • / 215,000 cu yd/yr s, ~ ·. • , .... ,-1:-o/ ~'-~ /-.,, ·,-,11·~. ( •' littoral tr~nsport 1 ~ . I .i.1. • 250,000 cu yds/yr Jl·•-:-·:,.~•:•"•"', ' . 10 1 1 Ir•~•• '""••,l W Jol~ r ol09ict1L bnrw• rt/I • .. . ,.,,; ,., d t( I \~· ... Jr • ~~;~ • i· ~ .• . . {r ' ., . ,. __ ,,_, ___ .,.r- " ...... --~, .. ~__,..__., Source: California. Department -of Water ResourceG FIGURE··-4. -16- C [ [ [ [ [ L C E C D C D u 0 ~ D C D D ;] D u 0 Q 0 V 0 £] 0 u 0 u D 0 D D D {] E. WATER· QUALITY .. ! • ,) ; ' The lagoon waters appear .to ,b·e b~-sicai'ly oce·an water· only slightly. m6dified by entrapment -in; the l_ag~on. The actual t~m perature pattern is dynamic and complex, changing not only with the specific location and the state: of the tide but also diurnally and seasonally. Figure 1 illustr~ies the seasonal variation in • temperatures for· th~ year 1·974 recorded from the San Diego State University salt water intake facility in the outer lagoon. ·surface water t~mperatures taken August_23, 1972 ranged from 21.0 degrees C· to 25-.6-degrees·c. -(Bradshaw and Estberg, -1973). Mi:nimum tern-. peratures (21.0 degrees C) were noted on the incoming tide n~ar·the entranc~ jetty in the outer lagoon extending as a tongue along the deep channels· through th~ middl~ and into the inner lagoon. Maximu~ open water temperatures. (25.6 degrees C) were recorded. in the relatively shallow areas· of the inner lagoon at low tjde representing the effects of heating by the sun. Extreme temper atures (greater than 36 degrees C) were recorded from shallow pools in the salt marsh. As might be expected from the minor and seasonal fresh water input, the salinity of the lagoon waters is generally similar to that of the adjacent ocean water. In a salinity study carried out Augu~t 21-24, 1972, salinities varied from a minimum of 32.45°/oo to a maximum of 34.700/oo. During the same period the . sali'nity of the adjacent o.cean water .(,.Scripps Institution Pier) ranged from 33.540/oo to 33.84°/oo. The dominant processes ~ffecting the salinity ar~ th~ addition of fresh water and.evap oration:. The minimum salinity noted (32.45°/oo ) was found ,in the extreme southern portion of the outer lagoon near where slight fresh~ater drainage frdm the San Diego Gas and Electric facility was eritering. Elsewhere the salinity values were either similar to those of the open ocean or slightl.Y .. bigher. Th~ __ l)ig.hest open water salinity (34.7o 0too) was recorded in the extreme eastern portion of the inner lagoon where the re~idence time had been the longest and where consequently most evaporation had occurred. Salinity conditions in the more isolated high creeks and pools of the salt marsh were more extreme. Here minimal values of 20°/oo after period$ of flooding and maximum values of 400/oo after periods of low spring tides are not uncommon. In a small creek from the similar Mission Bay Marsh where salinity values had been continuously recorded,· values ranged from a<mi,ni,mum o:f: 2_0°/oo to 50°/oo ·(Bradshaw, 1968). • Disscilved oxygen values throughout the open waters of the Lagoon are more variable than the adjacent ocean water. A series of oxygen measurements taken throughout the Lagoon on August 21-24, 1972 from both top and bottom water ranged from a minimum of 3.87 ml/L to a maximum of 5.80 ml/L. -17- Mixing from the atmosphere and phytoplankton photosynthesis [ [ tends to increase the values of dissolved oxygen present while plants, [ bacteria and animals tend to decrease the amount. As might be ex p e c t e d , ' b e ca u s e o f m i x i n g fr. om th e • a t mo s p h ere a n d h i g h er d e n s i t i e ·s of phytoplankton, oxygen concentrations-were generally higher in surface water than in bottom water. [ Where the· current actipn and resulting m1x1ng is strong, as in the outer la goon and in the major channels, . the· oxygen concen-[ tration tends to be similar from top to bottom. In areas where circulation is more sluggish and mixing processes are weaker, for example in portions of the inner lagoon, higher oxygen concentrations [ occur at the surface (5.57 ml/L) than at the bottom (3.87 ml/1). Six water· quality samples were taken from within the iagoo~ [~: and one from the Agua Hedionda Creek on· April 14, 1976 (Appendixo ). Samples were tested for:. • a; Ortho-phos~hate phosphorus b. Total phos~hate phosphorus c. Ammonia nitrogen • d. Nitrate nitrog~n e. Nitrite nitrogen f. Organic nitrogen g. Total kjeldahl nitrogen h. pH • i. Chloride Because of' adequate tidal flu's'hlng and minimal amounts of chemicals ~ntering the lagoon, the water quality of Agua Hedionda is. ve~,Y good. 'j ,·, -18-· C (_ C [ D C D u D i 0 0 0 C D D ;] D u D C> l] D D D L] D 0. D D · D {] F. • METEOROLOGY·,.,. ' .. ,.j{·~~:·:~-•·,,\; . ·,Climatology~ .·The project ,s_ite'·i-~ situa_ted in an area. dominated by the· California Medi.terranean; c,limate ... A dis.tihquish-ing characteristic of th~s climate is that'maximu~ rafnfall occurs during winter, usually between the months of December and March. In addifion, summers are,dry, r:ainfall is cyclonic, mean temperature of the:c~ldest month is above fofty-three degrees Fahrenheit but below sixty-five ~egrees Fahrenheit\ freezing temperatures occur some y~a~s, summers are hot and winters are mild, and there is a high p~rcenta~e of s~nshine during the year. • • • • I:•• "l, ' 1 ·climatic ~onditions can b~ ex~mi~ed more specifically through ·the use of. zones• identif.iable with surface features. Eidemiller . and .Fi'nch (1966) identified five different clfmatic zones within San Diego County using a modified Kopperi system as classification. The project site itielf i~ sit~ated on the Coastal Plain (Kopp~Q BSk) ,w.hich ranges in elevation froni sea level to 1,000 feet .. Ftosi -0ccure~ce is normally limit~a to an occasional later winter frost around ·the first of March. :Temperature lows duriog the winte.r ranges .between twenty-eight degrees Fahrenheit· .. and thirty eight degrees Fahrenheit and summer highs from ninety-five degrees Fahrenheit to 105 degree~ Fahrenheit. Rainfall between ten and twelve inches annually . . The Pacific High is the most important control 6n the climate of the area, with its greatest influence occur~ing during its northernmost position in the ~ummer.· This inhibits the movement .of low~pressure sto~m tracks and creates warm, dry days with few . clouds ... • In w.inter, the Pacific High migrates sou.thward.and allo}'JS • some stijfm centers to pass through the area causing.some.frontal • p~ecipitation~. while the thetmal low in the desert areas disappears, allowing for some easterly flow. ' • An unusual large-scale phenomenon known ·as· the "Santa Ana 11 winds occasionally invades the ar~a from the northeast during the fall. During this condition, extremelY dry, hot air completely displaces the marine air which is usually present and moves the smog layer out to sea. The intensity of these winds averages approximately forty knots. Santa Ana winds are not present in the summer due to the strength and northern position of the Pacific High or anti-cyclone off the coast. • ·;,.~•::>.,·'Tempe,rature! T~e Pacific Ocean ts the·controlli·ng jnfluence ·.on ·ambient .tempera t1,.1res ·within . the study a r,ea .. Records 'f ram Camp • 'p\endl'eton Surf· and Weather Station' ·and San Onofre ·Nuclear·: Gene'r- . _'ating._St~ti·o.n· ·indit/te· ati· anh~ai ave.rage. teniperature •Of about 60F, .,wi,t.h average daily maximum in July 'of ·a:bout 72F, and average daily :mi ri'imum fn February pf ab.out 40F .. Records, from Camp Pendleton Surf "~nd Weather· . .Stati'on indicate that'tempefatures as. high as l00F or, .. ,~s· low as 25F m!ly occur on rare occasio~~;:,. 'Table I-3 ·shows • ;, .. :'-,:: '.' ~ J ' I ; l ' I i ,! : ! .,. ;; q r~' : j : , : l : • • I. ; f ~ I ) t ' : i • I •. • ! ,, : ' ;- 'I ' i ' ' ' ' I , I I l monthly temperatures recorded at the Camp Pendleton Surf and Weather Station . Proximity and similari•ty of the sites indicate thai the Camp Pendleton d~ta are representative of Agua Hedionda study area conditions. TABLE I-3 MONTHLY TEMPERATURES AT CAMP PENDLETON SURF AND WEATHE~-STATinN -Temperatures .(".F) r- Month Average Max Avg Max Avg Min Min ; J_anuary 52.8 97 60 44 25 February 53.5 88 62 40 31 March 56.~ 5 77 60 44 36 -- April 57.9 -75 63 ,51 38 May 59.8 89 65 52 40' June 63.9 • 93 67 57 44 July 67.5 78 72 62 52, August· 67'-.5 86 72 61 52 September 65.6 92 72 58 ·: 40 October 62.0 .97 68 54 .. 40 November 58.7 ,87 68 ) 48 • : 35 December 54 .. 6 88 63 43 25 ,. .. ,,., . Precipitation~ P~ecipitation ~ecords from· the Camp Pendleton Surf and Weather Station, the National Weather Service Office at Oceanside, and the· San Onof~e Nuclear teher~ting Station show that annual rainfall in the south coast area totals about 12 inches~ most of· which occu~s in wiriter. The rainiest month is typically January with 2-to 3 _inch.es of rain on the c1.vergge; the driest is J.µly with less than 0,04: inches on the average.\ ·The following table·-shows monthly precipitation averages for the·1 : stations-mentioned. • Closeness ~nd similarity ~f the sites indicate that study area site conditions are es~entially identical. -20- [ [ [ [ [ [ L ~ LJ [ D C 0 u D ~ D 0 D C D D :J D iJ 0 () lJ E :o l] D ~ o. u D 0 ,0 D D CJ ,. Month January February March April M~,Y June ·, July \ August September October Nov.ember December TOTAL Camp TABLE I-4 MONTHLY PRECIPITATION. ' ", Pendleton· u. s .-Wea th·er San Onofre Surf and -Bureau Station Nuclear Generating Weather Station Oc·eanside Station site : {·i n . ) {in. ) {in~ ) 2.25 l. 95 r 3. 14 2.20 l. 76 l. 70 '. 2.00 1.49 l . 17 • . ' 0.87 l. 74 l. 75 0. 14 0.31 0. 16 \ ' 0.09 0.05 0. 03' ', 0.04 0. 03 • • 0.03 • · o. 09 0.01 0.01 0.41 0. l 5 0. 18 0.47 0.24 0.09 • ' l. 06 l. 45 2.91 .. . l. 93 l. 60 2~25 ' 12.50 11. 07 12.23 .. Humidity varies from 77% in summer to 68% in winter. Total sunshine for this area is about 68% of .all daylight hours. During the winter months, especially in late afternoon and evenings, fogs are occasionally experienced along the coast~ In the summer over cast conditions exist in the edrlY:.m6rning hours. Heavy fog condi- tions.average about 24 days per lear. • Winds ..• ' The predominant wind pattern in the south coast area • is the land-sea breeze combination. This feature is most pronounced in summer, when thermal gradients between land and sea are greatest, and there are no other systematic wind-producing-processes occurring. The-sea breeze begins from 2 to 4 hours after sunrise, reaches its -21- • I Maximum speed (typically about 10 mph) in early or midafternoon, [ [ and persists with decreasing wind speed until shortly after sunset. [ The land breeze. beg·ins in la·te evening and pe,rsists until shortly after sunri_-se, reaching maximum ·wind' speeds typic·ally half as great as the maximum sea breeze. During the winter, ·the land-sea breeze mechanism i's less pronounced due to the shorter _periods of daylight, [ reduced thermal gradients. and masking effects of stronger mid~ latitude weather systems affecting the coastal ·areas. The•mid- latitude systems that penetrate into California are the primary [ interruptions in the land-sea breeze pattern. Some of these systems· _ • are accompanied by storm-related high winds. It has been estimated that 60 mph winds may occur in southern Californa about once 'in [ 50 year~. In addition, some 6f the high-pressufe systems stagnate in the Great ·Basfn and set up condition·s for the strong, do·wnslope • "Santa Ana" winds that sweep across California from the north or ~ east a few tim~s each year. LJ -22 Q D Q D C D u 0 ~ 0 0 0 .[; D D D u D :::) D V D l] D zJ D LJ D· 0 0 D D {] G. A IR QUAL.I TY ,· Because of the importa'n.'ce :of relating air quality considera tions to. the long-ran·.ge planning for. the Agua Hedionda Study Area, this discussion has been divided into two .sections. The first section .. will examine ·the air quality conditions·, affecting both the subregionil Oceanside/Carlsbad are~ and the San Diego Air Basin as a whole. The second section will examine the effects of the .San Die~o Gas and Electric Enci~a Power Plant's operation on air quality~ • Local and Basin-wide Air Quality. The Agua Hedionda Study· area falls within the jurisdiction of the S~n. Dieg,o Co·unty Air PolJutio.n .Control District (SDAPCD). Since no air quality measur~ments ·have been recorded in the Agua Hedionda area, air pollutio~· levels recorded at the Oceanside Monitoring Station during the calendar year of 1974 are used in this report to ser-ve as ·an approximation of air quality in the project area. The San Diego County Air Pollution Control District monitors .. the.emission of the following contaminants:· Oxidant Carbon Monoxide Sulfur Dioxide Ni.tric Oxide Nitro~en Dioxide Oxides of Nitrogen Non-Methane Hydrocarbons Methane Total Hydrocarbons I, . . Oxidarit is the result ~fa photochemical reaction iniolving ~ydrocarbons, oxides of nitro~~n and sunlight. Photo-chemical oxidant is th~ primary ingredient of "L.A. Smog" and can ·cause 2ye irritation and aggravate respiratory diseases. Highest oxidant l~vels in the San Diego Basin occur during two di~ferent • ~eriods of the y~ar. T~e first period usually occurs during March and April, although it may be as early as February or as late as Ma.y .. The second peri ad occurs .during September and October. C~rbon monoxide is~ poi~onous gis which can impair Judge-. ment, l~ngthen reaction time, and at high concentrations, cause death. Sulfur dioxide has an unpleasant smell and can aggravate respir~tory diseas·~s~ • Nitrogen dioxide causes atmospheric disco.l oration.and contributes to the oxjdant problem. -Acco~ding to ~he Air Pollution Co~trol District, the·tw6 s i g'n i f i c ·a n t a i r po. l l u t i o ri pro b l ems i .n th e Sa n D i ~e g o. Ba ·.s i n a r e • ph'otochemical oxidan.ts and particulates·. The ·following table delineates the humber bf days in 1973 and 1974 i~ which State arid 'Federal standard's· ·were exceeded'.· : • -23- TABLE I-5 NUMBER OF DAYS EXCEEDING STATE & FE~ERAL STANDARDS-. 1973 and 1974a TAKEN AT OCEANSIDE MONITORING STATION. STATE STANDARD PRIMARY FEDERAL STANDARD ?~6~~RtRs~ANDARD CONTAMINANT 1974 1973 . 1974. 1973 ~974 1973 Same as Same as Oxidant 33 49 45 70 0rimary Primary 0 0 Same as Same as Carbon 0 0 Primary Primary Monoxide (1 -Hr. Average (Not available because monitor.ing No No Sulfur wasn't inaugurated.until 1975. The Standard Standard Dioxide 9 months monitored during 1975 (24-Hr. averagi ) indicate that standard has not been exceeded.) Non-Methane 83b Same as Same as No No 138 Primary Primary Hydrocarbons Std. Std .. Nitrogen 0 2 No No No No Dioxi.de Std. Standard Standard Standard Parti'culate Matter-30% 37% 0 0 0 3% (% of Sample Exceeding Standa1 d . . . . . . . . .. aExcerpt.-from S.D. County Air Pollution Control District Annual Report -. 1974 bJuly through December only . . . Recent studies. by the San Diego • Air Quality Task Force· revealed that stationary so~rces -· not iutomobiles -·maybe the primary contributor of reactive hydrocarb6ns, a primary cbnstituent. of smog. Based on studies correlating meteorological conditions • and air pollutant measurem~nts, it is believed that much of the air pollutants in the Oceanside area are carried in from the Los Angeles air basin by air mass movement .. Therefore, the air quality in the Agua Hedionda Study Area may depend on meteorological -conditions and stationary sources outside the air basin. -24-. [ [ [ [ [ [ ( D Q D Q D C D [J D { D 0 D C D u D 0 l] p D l] D LJ O· 0 D D D The internal ·combustion engi·ne does c·ontribute ·to air • poll~t,nts; however, it-appeai~ that mdst··-teactive hydrocarbons are gen~rated during cold· starts· and s'hutdowns'. -Vehicle· mi_l'es may ~ei~te to.the gener~t16ri cif traGe ~ollutants. Th~refore, the nu~ber of tri~s is more·i~portant in deter~ining air pollu tant generation tha.n vehicle ~;-1es drf~en. Since=no techniques are available· yet for making projections -based on starts and stops, air pollutant generation is calculated by vehicle miles with the un~~rstanding that most pollutants will be generated at the point of,origin and destin,ation of each trip. • C6ntaminants emitted i~to the atmos~here are dispersed horizoptally and vertically, depending on the wind and the sta bil_ity 9f the atmosphere; Light winds and stable atmospheric con ditions··near_the ground are· conduci~e to high concentr~tions of . air pollutants. Ex'cept in special cases, both factors are neces 'sary t'o· bring about excessive· air pollution. The most obvious effeti of the wind is to establish the. direction in which pollu tants ~~e·carried and· the amount of air.that is available for diluti-ng emissions. The wind also causes vertical and horizontal mixing· through mechanic~l tur~ulence. Such turbulence re§ults from the ir~egularity of the groOnd surface, vegetation, or surface structures and depends on the stability of th·e air .. • Th~·pfinci~al·factors affecting pollutant concentrations, and he'nc•e:: __ a]llb.'ient air quality'are: the downwind distance ·qetween the re·c:ep~·or. an_d the source, the_ wind speed and associated turbu-· lence, th~ s~urce strength and the mixing depth. The greater tha: ~istance between ~o~rce and receotor, the more chance there is for disoersidn to occur a~d hence· di~ution of the concentration. _ High~r:. wind· speeds have the eff-ect o·f increasing the amoun.t. of .air· - into ~hi~h the emitted ~ollutants are dispersed. In effect, .this-· causes ·a gre~ter dilution. Vertical turbtilence promotes the•· dispersion of pollu~~nts·from a continuous line source, while -the mixing deoth directly affects the volume of clean air available ·to: dilute _the pollutants. • ;T~e s_tab.flity of the atmosphere is important in determining the _ex'ten~ _to whic_h pollutants are verti-cally dispersed .. Stability can· 'be d'efi.ned as that property of the atmosphere which tends to return a mass ·of air to its original level after a. slight vertical displac·ement. -If the atmosphere is unstable, the mass .continues to move in the 'direction of displ~cement. • During less stable con d i ti on s , • poll utan ts are more r E;? ad i l_y mixed and car r i e d a l oft ., For air quality purposes, -a.tmo•s:pherj'c_. -s'tabi;J,i-ty, i's .. largely-gauged by.->· the lapse rate of the· decrease of ·temperature with altitude. In the lower portion of the atmosphere, .the lapse rate averages approximately 1.9 degrees centrigrade or 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit per 1,000 feet~ Wi·thin a few thousand feet of the -25- ~arth's surface, air temperature frequently increases. with altitude. This is called~ temperat4re inversion since the lapse rate ts inverted. Such conditions stabilize the atmosphere. A low di.s persion rate of pollutants in a stable atmosphere associated with a temperature inversion significantly degrades the air quality due to a decre~se in volume of air available to dilute the pollutants. D~ring a temperature inversion, the pattern of decreasing air_ temperature with altitude is rev~rsed. Air contaminants contained in a rising heated air mass are trapped by the inversion lay~r which contains warmer air than that moving upward. Thus~ the inversion forms a barrier against the vertical interchan~e and upward dispersion of pollutants. • During the winter months, in the absence of storm activity, a radiation inversion and fog .condition may preyail for several days, holding pollutants near the ground. Although strong temperature inversions exist during June, July and August, the persistent· summer winds effectively disperse pollutants. However, when winds are light, the persistent inversion condition and high· p~rcentage of sunshfne combihe to trap pollutants, thus causing certain State and Federal Air quality standards to be exceeded. In general,._the coastal area~ have the least oxidant levels of the air basin. The Carlsbad, Encinitas/Leucadia, San Marcos, Vista a''nd Oceanside area, Which surrounds the study area,' contribute only a small portion of-·the· basin's tota·l pollutants. By 1985 this combined ·area is ·expected to contri.bute about 8% of the total emissions in the County. This contribut-ion is signifi.cant when transported inland by westerly winds and combined with pollutants geherated in the inland areas, s~ch as Escondido. It is there where photochemical reactions occur to create the well-known smog and brown haze. Under certain wind conditions a 11 return effect 11 is generated in Which pollutants are blown from inland are~s out to sea at night, and then are returned ~o the coastal ar~as the following day. • Since 1974, the oxidant levels in San Diego County have decreased, largely a·s a result of tight~r State and Federa,l emissions controls 'on both mobile and stationary sources.· Emissiohs _are expected to continue decreasing until the mid 1980 1 s. Thereafter, air quality is expected to begin deteriorating again to levels approaching those in 1972 because of increasing population and economic growth. Even with zero population growth from the pr~sent t~ 1985, th~ County will still b~ unable to meet Federal oxidant sfandards. This points to the ~ritic~l need to emphasize land ~se and.transportation planning as a means to achievi~g emissions reductions. -26- [ [ [ [ [ [ ( D q D D C D u D € D 0 D C ~ D u D 0 D D 0 [] 0 \] D u D 0 D D D (] Air Quality Effects of the Encina Pdwer Plant. The presence of the Encina Power Plant within the:·Agua Hedionda ·study-Area • has resulted in the g~neratiori of a great deal of air q~ality infor m a t i o n . I n th i s s en s e , th e s tu d y a re a • b e n e f i ts from ·th e· o n g o i n g scrutiny of air quality conditioni in-the immediate vicinity of the power plant. The State Coastal Commission and City of C~rlsbad have ensured as part of their approvals for the Encina 5th Generating Unit, that monitoring equipment and funds will be available for continuing studies on the effects of the plant's operations. The following is a summary of air quality studies which haye been made of the Encina Plant: 1. California Public u·tilities Commission· E I R fdr Encina Unit #5 _ Contains detailed air quality information and emission projections for the Agua Hedionda Area. Certified on November 29, 1974. 2. City of Carlsbad Stack-Modification EI R - Contains air quality information based on same data used in CPUC EI R. Certified November 20, 1973. 3. San Diego County Air Pollution Control District Study on Encina Unit #5 and the Single Stack_ An independent analysis of the air quality effects of Encina Unit 5 an~ the single stack was conducted by the San Die~o County APCD in 1975. This study examined , sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, particulate, carbon monoxide and reactive hydrocarbon emissions fnr the plant with the existing four stack configuration and the single stack modification. The study concluded that with or without the Encina Unit #5 expansion, basin-wide air quality with· resp~ct to sulfur dioxide and particulate matter will continue to degrade. This degradation is in part the result of increased de~and for electric energy from fossil fuel-fired plants, a~d the increased use of fuel oil in those plants. The proposed Encina addition will slightly decrease basin-wide degradation and markedly decrease ground level concentrations downwind in the vicinity of the plant. Issued June 1975. 4. APCD Studies of Particulate Fallout in the Vicinity of the Encina Power Plant _ The San Diego APCD recently concluded their initial investigation of a fallout problem in the vicinity of the Encina Power Plant. The study con cluded that particles emitted from the power plµnt during soot blowing are responsible for staining and corrosion of painted surfaces, automobiles, etc. The APCD and San Diego Gas and Electric are in the procegs pf conducting -27-· • ' a one-year investigation of the fallout-problem, after which an abatement schedule will be -developed. The fallout problem is slated to be controlled prior to th~ time that Encina Unit #5 and the single stack are brought on the line. -28- [ C [ [ u Q C D ~ D ~ D C D u D C 0 0 D C D D J D u D n D D l] D LJ D 0 D D D .H. FLORA AND -FAUNA '.The Agua Hedionda Study,.Ar~a.,m-ay.·b-~ c:t'ivided J.nto two,major._. ecosystems:.· I. -Marine, .and. II. T.er_r,e_stri,aL The· Marine eco:-:. ,,_ . system is -subdiv.id;ed in;to a st.ibtidal and1 in.tertidfil, su.bsys:tem. •• Th_e terrest~ial ecosystem is subdivided int& a Matitime and upland sub~ system (Table I-fr). , .. TABLE I-6:AREAL EXTENT OF S~UDY AREA HABITATS I. Marine Ecosystem 353 a.cre_s A. Subtidal System l. Rock Habitat 2 acres 2. Sand Habitat 149 acres 3 .. Mud Habitat . 4. Eel Grass ·Habitat 48. a,cres 62 acres 261 acres Ihtertidal System·· l. Rocky Shore Habitat 4. acres 2. Sandy Shore Hab·itat 2 acres 3. Muddy ·Shore Habitat 70 acres ·4_ Salt Marsh Habitai l fr acr.es 92 acres l , t 3_2 a·cres A~· ~~ri~~me Subsystem . . . 1. Brackish Water Habitat' 5 ~~res· • 2. Miiritime Habit~t' • • · :19 ·acres ·.,., . ·, 2·4 acres •: • ·,t-~.\. .Upland Subsys tern ··'.·.,:il: ,·.Grassland· •• • /,·/2·; l-Coastal Sage Scrub/Chapar,ra·l •• ·.3; ··Developed Areas* Tot.a/ La goon • and Environs Studied • ' ~ . l , 4 8 5 a c r es' *. , } n cl u d e.s . Ag r i cu l tu r a l Are as -29- total total .·~ , : Rock Habitat -An estimated 6 acres of this habitat occur ·within the Lagoon, most·_of it located on the underwater portions of the rock entrance jetty art~ the rip~rap lining much of the shore, particularly of th~. outer Lagoon. Organisms occupying this environment include those normally found on rocky reef outcrops and other underwate~ hard substrates s~ch as hoat bnttoms,· etc. Most are attached· sessile organisms., e.g.· attach~d-macro algae and various suspension (filter) feeders (tunicates, sponges, hydroids, mussel,s, bryozoans, etc.). Others are more mobile~ ~.Q. -0razers (chitons. _limpets, abalonesi snails, etc.). Associated fish such as garabaldi, senorita fish, black perch and larger scavenging or predatory· animals (lobsters, crabs, whelks, starfish, etc.) are important in struc.turirig the commu·nity. ' • The most abundant attached alga~ is Sargass~m mutitum, a pseudoperennial brown. algae which tan attach direttly to rock surfaces. Sand Hab.itat/Mud Habitat -Within the Lagoon,,.these habitats are found in tho$e areas not covered by eel grass. 1~ the_ outer Lagoon ne?r. the ocean. entrance ·the strong _currents in the middle of the channel have not allowed the eel gr~~s to develop but instead have caused the formation of many large current ripples and depres sions in the s~nd where considerable quantities of drift alga~ -~• (giant kelp, featherboa kelp, etc.) and associated grazers.may be found. Nearby on the channel edges where currents are lesi severe,. dens·e accumulations ·of the olive shell ·occur overlying 'extensiv'e • clam •beds. In calm water further within the Lagoon and below the lower dist~ibution of eel grass, the sand surface i~ often covered with a fine diatom mat. Many detrital feeding worms, ghost shrimp, and clams are found in the sand. Larger organisms (occasionally in high concentrations) seen moving about rin the sand surface i n cl .u de the• s potted sand . bass , · the b Lib b l ~ • s he l l s n a i l , var i o us starf_ish.es, the-s:ea pansy and the purple sea urchin. • A detailed community analy$ii (~tadshaw and Estber~, 1973) has rev·ealed two ·fa•irly distinctive soft bottom communities within the Lagoon, each na~ed aftei the two most dominijnt members~. These are: 1) The Common Littleneck-Eggihell Cockle (Protothaca staminea-Laevicardium substriatum community occupyin~ tegions of re l a t i v e l y la r g er g r a i n s _fz e ; a n d 2 ) th e S n a i l -Worm • ( Cy l f c h n a alba·--H~plos·colop·o-ris: elonga·tus} comm!,Jnity inhabiting an environ- ment of smaller grain sizes. • Eel Grass Habitat. Eel Grass is found in quiet waters in almos~ pure beds in all three Lagoon sections (Appendix E) where conditions are favorable~ It will b~-noted that the beds mostly occur in the outer and middle Lagoons with on1y a relatively small a~ea in the tnner Lagoon. The dis~ribution of ·eel grass in Agua Hedionda appears to ~e principally'controlled by the stability of the substrata and by the water clarity because of the necessity for efficient photosynthesis. -.30- ·c [ [ [ [ [ L Q [ [ C [ D u 0 C D Q D C G ·o u D n D D [] D Q 0 \] D 8 0 D ·□ (] r The eel grass community, of which eel grass is th~ dominant member,:provides large amo~nts of orgahic'm~tter is direct food.-for grazing:animals and·indirettly as detritus ~or sediment feede~s .. In addition tb its food value, ·the ee] grass provides·shelter .for many species· of small fi~h and:invertebrates s~ch as ~ipefish, crabs and shrimp and an attachm~nt substrate for a multit~de·of epiphytic algae: and invertebrates (filamentous r~d algae;· diatoms, coralline. algae, ·bryozoa, serpu·li.d. worms and scallops,;•· • • The infauna associated with eelgrass include va~ious arthro pods, clams, ~olychaete_and n~~erte~n ~orms~ etc. Many s~ecies from a·l l of these-groups,· howev:er_; may a 1 so be foun·d on· the· sand bottpm outs.ide of ·the eel gra_ss·-habitat. • • Pelagic Community -The pe:1a.gic .biotic community comprises groups of, plankton that spend their, life cycle in the water,· column .. Most of the plankton, 1isually subdivided into .phyto plankton {plants) and zboplankt6~ (arimals) is made up ·of· small~ weakly mobile-species that float gnd drift passively'·with. the current. • • • Species comp6sitioh and abu~dance of all plankton groups within the Lagoon are similar t6 that found in the neritic coastal water off southern California.: Shellfish -There have been high populations of shellfish found by_both Bradshaw (1973) a·nd Miller (,19.66). The most obvious and common shellfish were the bay ~ussel and the Caljfornia~mussel, both growing in the rocky intertidal dn pilings or on other hard substrates (highest density in the mi·d~tide zone) but also extending in certain situations well into the sub tidal zone. The most densely populated areas were al6ng the jetty at the mouth of the Lagoon and near the intake chanh~l of the SDG&E power station. The rel~tive proportion of the two species changes depending upon the ·relative degree of open ocean influ~nce. Along the outer jetty, only the California mussel is found; on the inner jetty, both occur in roughly equ~l numbers, and further within the Lagoon, the only one seen is the bay mussel. The bay mussel is very tolerant of more slu~gish circulation and also occurs in the far eastern section. The most ~ommon intertidal and subtidal shellfish in the sand habitat within the Lagoon was the common littleneck, found through- 6ut the Lagoon, but with the highest populations (120 individual~ per square meter, 13-52 mm in size) occurring among rocks and sand near the railroad trestle between the outer a~d middle sections. The California jackknife clam, the California ~hostshri~p, the false mya, the bent nose cockle and the burrowing crab occur most. frequently in the eastern Lagoon, particularly in the muddy substrate in the far northeast portion.· Relatively small ·-31- populations of the smooth chione and the mud crab occur in the salt marsh and mudflat area, the most con~picurius sh~llfish being the California hor~shell, with popul~tions up to 1600 individuals per square meter. Extensive intertidal population~ of the fiddler crab occur wherever the substrate is firm enough for 2their burrows. Especially large populations (up to,30 burrows per M) mai· be found on the mudflats on the north side of the middle Lagoon ana in the more extensive ·mud•flats eastward of the inner Lagoon. Finfish -Forty-four species of fish have been recorded . from the Lagoon, (Appendix E ) al though _several others probably reima in· t-0 be identified, iin~e a complete survey has not been made. Many - of these fish such as croakers, corbina, flatfish and bass are highly desfrable food and game fish and are the fuain objective of the sport fishery in the Lagonn .. Other fish such as surf~erch, opaleye, sharks and rays are also commonly taken by fish.ermen. The greater abundance of game fish during the spring an~ summer appear to be r~lated in some cases to the utilization of the Lagoori as a nursery ground by certain species such as flatfish. This occurs because of the abundant food supply, the slightly warmer water and the protection .from predators.tbat the Lagoon affords. -32- [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ C [ C [ [ D C D D D u D TI D D D \] D D D 0 D D D , I;· . WATER ASSOCIATED AVIFAUNA · .. • Agut Hedtonda lag~on forms-part of the-~dmplex of'coa~tal wetlands ·which are a portion of-.the Pacific Flyway, the. migration· route t~at myriads of water· birds, shorebirds and other water-· associated birds follow from their northern breeding g~oands to their wintering grounds.· Agua:Hedionda is one.of the l·argest of •. such wetlands· in .San Diego County and ,its singul,ar fea·tures of • • significance to birds are: a constant ocean connectio·n producing extensive tidal flushing; relatively deep-water, .with ste~p slope~- at the margins (rock-banked in .several portions); exten~ive mud flats and r~latively high and dry salt matsh with moderate amounts of-fresh- water m~~sh lying at its east end; ' "Fifty-fiv~ species -of waier-associated· birds ~er~ identified during oc·casional observations between 1970 -and 1975. Six .partial censuses 'from May-November 1975 recorded more than l,-100 indfviduals ranging irom 44 (2 August) to 539 (4 November) (Alice Fries, unpub. data). (Appendix E) . Although complete ·a~nuai c~nsus data is l~cking~ ,11: is . probable: that Agua Hedionda's water-bird populations follow-an: • annual cycle ·typical of other coastal .San Diego wetlands {C9llier,. l 9 7 5 ; J u re k , l 9 7 5 ) . ·. Du r i n g the , fa l l -w i n t er , i n fl u x e s-o f • Pa c i 'f i c . . • flyway migrants pr6duce population highs (already partly reflected in• the·A,ugust-November censuses) which are succeeded by·-spring-,. summer· p:opulation lows, when small numbers of "summering" migrants and a modest number of nesting resident species remain ~fter the northward return passage of most migratory birds (Collie~, 1975} Water-associated birds .fall into several major. species groupi•ngs, discussed here in order of decreasing numbers. . Shorebirds (plovers, sandpipers and relatives), totaling 22 species, are the most abundant both in t~rms of species and in numbers of individuals. This grouping made up nearly ~9 percent of censused birds in 1975. Gull~_and terns comprising 7 species made up more than 21.4 percent of the censused populations. Waterfowl accounted for 15 percent of the 1975 censuses, including eight duck speeies (mostly diving types), the American coot and the snra rail. This 15 percent component was split nearly evenly between the ducks and the coot~rail group. Numerous double-crested cormorants and an oc~asional brown· pelican accounted for at least 10.6 percent of the censused populations in 1975. Fi_ve species of wa~ing herons and egrets have been recorded, adding two percent to the census totals. The final addi~ion to Gensus totals was made by a loon (one bird) and four grebe species contributirig l .5 percent of the populations. Agua Hediohda appears to attract moderate numbers of water bird species, nearly equally divided between wading varieties and swimming-diving forms. Its deeper waters draw many cormorants, ;.33_ J, diving types of ducks, gulls, terns, coots a,nd grebes. Portions of the shoreline and ~arshy sites, particularly at the e~stern end, attract shorebirds in moderate numbers. and other waders in small numbers. The California least tern and white-taiied kite, fully protected under the Fish and Game Code, California Departmerit of Fish and Game; occ.urred i·n significant numbers at Agua Hed.ionda. The least tern,' also an offi.cially e_ndangered subspecies, regularly nests on the mudflats at the ·east end of the Lagoon as did nine pairs in 1975 (Massey; 1975). The kite forages in the brushlands and doubtless nests ·-in local woodland sites. Of the known least • terns which nested along the Sari Diego Coqst tn 1975, twp percent n~sted at Agua Hedionda (Massey, 1975). The east-end salt marsh also contained a small population of br~eding· Belding 1 s savannah spartow, an endangered subspecies, in May 1975 (Alice Fries, unpub·. data). The National Audubon Society's Blue List for 1975 (an 11 early warning of potentially dangerous, apparently noncyclical population·declines 11 ; Arbib; 1974) includes 51 avian speGies! . Five water-bird species on that list were observed a.t Agua Hedionda~ the We~tern grebe~.~ou~le-crested cormorant, black-crown~d night heron, .snowy plover, .·and the least tern. The snowy plover.was • represented by at least 52 ·individuals in May, 1975 and by 20 nests at the east end.of the Lagoon (Alice Fries, unpub. data). -34- [ [ [ [ [ [ C LJ C D 0 D ,,. C ·, ~ it \ ' I {] fi;· ·:'. ,1 ;~;-:_. .·1 -f] ... ;h.· . ~ i • . {\ . . • J. lNTE~TIDAL SUBSYSTEM. ,.· • I ·Roc·ky S-ho·re Habitat -This habi'tat is best deve)oped on the r o. c k Je t t i e s a t th e en tr a n c e , -p n th e r o c k r i p - r a p 1 i n i, n g t he . shbre:~nd o~ pilings at··various locations throughout th~ Lagoon. The 'har:d substrata provides a good attachment surfa·ce· for many of the s,ame types of • f i 1 ter feeders, grazers and predators that were ·foti~d in the subtidal hardbottom habitat discuss~d earlier. In addition there occur ,many specialized forms in_ t.he·dligh inter- ·tidal • zone that are well adapted to long -periods of :dessication when th~ ti_de is out. This -z:one is populated by many.1forms seeking a ref~g~ ffbm -the many predators (starfish~ whelks and fish, etc.) that abqund· in the ·subtidal subsystem below. • .. • ;-• · : The rocky interti'da·l communities on the jetty differ from the rbcky comm~nities wi~hin the Lagoon. Because of the greater wave :action on the 'jetty, all the zones there have a wider range than ~W6s~ ricc~rring within the Lagoon. Although.many 6f the, open coast rocky intertidal zone species have extended 'their range into the outer -Lagoon, those that require a _large spJ~sh zone,:' a·s do the limpets· and the periwinkles, are rare. w.it:hin the ca 1 mer Lagoon waters . 0th er ·more sub t 1 e fa c tors· rel a t e d • to th. e .relati_ve influence of ":open· ocean" versus 11 Lag.oon 11 conditions appear to affect the s~ecies•fua~e-up of this community (Appendix E). ' • • • , I ~ Sandy Shore·-Wave action ·exerts a major control over t~e - distribution of s~nd dwelling animals because it. infl~ences many important substrate features, ·including stability, part.ic.le size, drainage, .oxygenation and organic content ... Along -the outer ocean beach strong wave action l"imits the_ number of specte·s, that can occur.· Survival is possible: in the 16wer intertidal ·zones for bu~rowers such-as the sand crib and the b~an clam and in the u p p e .r 1 e y e 1 s for s u c h • a i r ·b re a th er s a s be a c h h op p er s a n d p i 11 b u g s . . , ·,_. •with .decreasing wave action toward .the inner reaches .o·f··the ··Lagoon ,smal l~r particles and organic riia'tter wil 1 be deposited . ·. and .only ·a superficial· layer is •disturbed~ • Below this the sub- strata is quite stable and blackening,of the lower layers ·:· ·_-:· _indjcates the presence of hyd~ogen sulfide produced by ~naerobic sul1~1i reducing ba~teria in i deoxygertated medium. The burrowers •• 'he're _ar,e de,penderit upon_ di,ssolve'd oxygen' being pumped through .the burrow at by· extruding the gills above the sand surface. -~ , Muddy Shore Habitat -"Mud" refers t10 sediments_ containing 1.a:·.t,ifgh proportion of organic matter arid silt or clay· particles. • Since.the fine$t p·articles settle· only from still ·:water, mud shores -are f o u n ~ where con di ti on s are· ca 1 m , away from wave, a c ti on and • swift currents .. Muddy shores. usuall~,have little sld~e arid exten si-ve areas ,o,f _nmud flat 11 may be exposed as the 'tide, recedes.· Under these coriditions brg~nfc· deb~is readily settles rind the organic -35- • I • i contP.nt of the mud may reach 5%. with rio oxygen and ,consequently a [ high proportion· of sulfide. Burrowing· i·s ·easy and the burrows and· tubes are stable for'species such as the Jacknife Clam and.the [ ghost shrimp. The tidal ·flat~o~curs abo~~ the·upper limit of the subtidal system (ELW-2;3'} and extends tq the lower limit of the salt marsh ve~etation. ··This habitat is relatively sparse because of the extensive dred~ing completed in 19~4. -However,,sedimentation, partic~larTy.in the extreme.eastern portion of,the inner Lagoon, and slumpi~g and redeposition elsewhere have. produ~ed localized sand . or mud flats· that emerge at .extreme ,minus tides. At present, tidal flats extending f~om·extreme low water to the, lowest .growing salt marsh vegetation make .. up.approximately 72 acres. The lowest port.ion of the ti d a 1 fl at up· to mean . lower 1 ow w a t er-. ( O 1 }. , i n mos t are a s . ; .... , ., is covered by eel grass extend.ing upward from the ·subtidal region.· Above the eel grass and below the salt marsh, patches of green algae (Enteromorpha and sea lettuce} .are -occasionally abundant. Although the upper portion of this habitat may appe~r barren, in reality it is generally teaming with polyGhaete worms and other invertebrates. An indication of its food value is provided·by the fact th~t .it is one of the areas most frequented by vast nu~bers of probing shorebirds. Coastal Salt Marsh -Coastal Salt Marsh consists of low dense mats of vegetation which are periodically inundated by tidal action. Typical species include Pickleweed (Salicornia Virginica}, Alkali. Heath (Frankenia Grandiflora} and Salt Grass {Distichlis Spicata}. The exact lower level of the salt marsh varies depending upon the species that are present as well as other environmental fa~tors such as sediment type and freshwater drainage. For example, if Cordgrass were present the lower limit would extend as low as mean lower high water (MLHW} or approximately +3.5 feet {Mudie, 1970}. In Agua Hedionda Lagoon, the lowest occuring salt marsh species is perennial pickleweed .. This form dominates the entire marsh between mean high water (MHW) or +4.8 feet and extends upward to the upper reaches of tidal influence or extreme high water (EHW +7.7 ft.} and in some cases even above. The floristic composition of the salt marsh also varies with elevation since the different species are strongly influenced by tidal movements that determine the degree of submergence and exposure to which the shoreline is subjected. Although at present the shoreline of most of the Lagoon is too steep for development of extensive saltmarsh, some saltmarsh species such as perennial pickleweed,·sea blite, alkali heath, salt grass and jaumea occur as a thin fringe·along the shore above mean high water. More than 95 percent of the saltmarsh, however, consists of several small remnant pocket saltmarshes along the -36- [ [ [ D Q D Q 0 C D 0 ·o £ 0 0 D D D D D u D TI D D u D D u D 0 0 D. 0 northeast shore (less than 10 acres) and a more.extensive develop ment of marsh at the extreme eastern end of the Lagoon. . ( . The poi~et'mari~is ~re -V~~Y limited ·in d1;ersity with several species common in ,loc~l ~alt marshes lacking such ai cord grass, • annual -pickleie~d; j~~~ei, batis, arrowgrass, ialt cedar and sea lavender_. Perennfal pic~l~we~d is dominant with salt grass pr~sent in areas of be·tter-d~ainage and fresh water seepage. The upper mar gins of ihes~ smdll marshes hav~ been land filled and the low diver sity is poss~bly dtie to the iteep slopes arid to _human interference (Mudie, 1974).·. ~e~enni~l pickleweed is by fa~ the most d6minant species throug~out the marsh but·small patches of alkali heath and jaumea occasionally occur together with the pickleweed, particularly along th~ creek banks where.Agua _Hedionda Creek empties into the Lagoon and at th~ uplan~ end of tha east mud flat. -37- K. MARITIME SUBSYSTEM Br a cKi s h W a t er Ha bit a t -Th i s h a b i ta t o c c u r s i n th e ea s t er n salt marsh at about the upper limit of tidal influence where fresh water from Agua Hedionda Creek mixes with ths saline tidal water to form brackish pools containing the m-0derately salt tol~rant alkali bulru~h· and annual pickleweed. Slightly higher in elevation where s~linity is lower, the pools ar~ cf~wded with cattails and California bulrush and edged with spiney rush,' brass buttons and annual grasses. These higher "fresh wa:ter 11 pools provide hc:.bitat for frogs and crayfish and supply an important food source for the upland wild- life {see later section) . . Above, extrem·e •high water, the salt marsh and ·the brackish pools gradu~lly giVe way to the Ma~itime Habitat. • Maritime Habitat -This habitat represents an ec-0zone between the saltmarsh below and the Coastal ~age scrub or Gras~land commun ities above. Although it is above the direct influence of the tides it appe~rs to be influenced by ~alt, either from air transport, percolation or seasonal flooding causing high brackish water levels. The Maritime HabitJt above the pocket marshes is very restricted due to the extensive filling in ·this area but contains al·kali heath, Torrey sea blite, glasswort, golden bush, tree tobacco, heliotrope,. ~nnual salt bush, annual iceplant and salt-tolerant annual grasses. This paucity of species probably represents the disturbed nature of the terrain, the youth of the environment and its distance from ,. potentially· colonizing sources located in other tidal lagoons. The species present appear to be onei present in the formerly non-tidal Lagoon in addition to weed species with. moderate salt tolerance. -38- [ [ [ [ [ [ ( C [l l 0 Q D C D u D C D Q D D D 0 {] D u 0 0 D D 0 u D u D LJ 0 0 D D D . L~ UPLAND SUBSYSTEM G~assland Habitat -This habitat consists mostly of annu~l and perennial species with occasional shru~ species. Most common are the Australian saltbush· (Atriplex semibaccata), field mustard (Brassica geniculata), storks bill (Erodium sp.), medick (Medicago sp.), Isocoma (Haplopappur venetus vernonioid~s) and ice plant (Basoul crystallinum). Coastal Sage Scrub Habitat -This habitat as well as the grassland habitat is located above the level of the 11 Maritime 11 influence. Typical dominant species in the Agua Hedionda Area include coastal sagebrush (Artemisia Californica), flat~topped buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), tarweed {Hemizenia sp.), and laurel leaved sumac {Rhus laurina). Coastal sage scrub communities are fairly low in stature, generally less than three feet in height and occur nn the more xeric slo~es. Developed Areas -Developed areas generally utilize land scaping as opposed to natural vegetative cover. Included in the developed areas are acreage under cultivation. \ M. UPLAND WILDLIFE The upland habitats surrounding Agua Hedionda Lagoon, although disturbed by man in many areas, appear to support a typical but depauperate fauna of vertebrates. The presence of fresh.water from Agua Hedionda Creek and the transient ponds in the southern canyon near the head of the Lagoon provide a breeding site for amphibians and crayfish. Both provide a good food source for vertebrates, such as the raccoon and coyote~ Tomato farming on the southern mesa has eliminated the ·natural habitat there, but the erosional gulleys leading from the mesa top uf the Lagoon edge have stands of native vegetation which provide food and cover for many vertebrates such as the dusky-footed wood rat, California mouse and western toad, that favor more mesic habitats. The drier areas are more suitable for more xeric animals, including the cactus mouse, desert wood rat, California horned lizard. Even the intertidal habitats of the Lagoon are exploited for food by some. The smaller animals of the Lagoon and its environs provide a food resource for the larger, more cosmopolitan animals, and, of course, several of the verte brates, such as !abbits and carnivores, range over the entire area. ' The existence of many of the species presumed to occur in this area is based upon knowledge of the distribution of these species in similar areas in San Diego County (R. Dingman, unpub. data}. Field i~vestigations, including the setting of 280 live traps during October and November 1975, verified the presence of some species, but success was poor (5% trap success). Those species whose presence was verified, either by direct observation, indirect evidence (feces, tracks, dens, etc.) or live trapping, are noted in the species list (Appendix'E}. Although coastal lagoons and salt marshes are not optimal habitats for amphibians, one species of salamander and three species of frogs or toads probably occur at Agua Hedionda. The Pacific treefrog was heard calling in moist areas along the southern edge of the Lagoon, and -one was capture4 in a brackish pond near the upper edge of! the high salt marsh. • The varied habitats around the Lagoon should provide food and cover for at least five species of lizard and eight species of snakes~ Although only two species were actually verified, (side-blotch lizard and western garter snake) the time of year the survey was conducted was past the activity peak of the reptilian fauna. The reptiles listed in the Appendix are not uncommon in coasta·1 San Diego County and can be expected to occur here. Approximately ~7 mammalian ,species are. believed to occur at Agua Hedionda and in the immediately adjacent area. Again, as in the ca~e of the amphibians and reptiles, most occur throughout the County, and many are successful in heavily disturbed areas. -40- [ [ .[ [ [ [ [ [ [ C C € D Q D C D 0 ~ D D D 0 D D D u D u D u D 0 D D 0 Ten of the 27 species were verified as present, either by capture, sighting, trackl, dens or fecal droppings (R. Dingman, unpub. data). Forty-seven land-bird species have been recorded in four partial censuses since September, 1975 (Alice Fries, unpub. data). Land birds occurred in portions of cqastal sage scrub, salt marsh and fresh-water marsh habitat, grasslands, and residential sites bordering the Lagoon. In general, the samplings of terrestrial birds resemble fairly typical land-bird avifauna of coastal San Diego County habitats (Sams and Stott, 1959). The census recorded seven species of ~aptors (hawks, kites, falcons), a few of two gamebird species (mourning dove and California quail), four humming birds,· one flicker and 29 species of passerine birds (25 of them songbirds). The conspicuous occurren~es of the rock do~e, spotted dove, house sparrow and starling, all introduced species, reflect the effect of human influence. Seven land-bird species on the National Audubon's Blue List for 1975 have been recorded at the Lagoon: the red-shouldered hawk, marsh hawk, osprey,,American kestrel, Bewick's wren, logger head shrike, and yell6w warbler. -41- ( N. NOISt:: rhe Agua Hedionda Study Area is impacted by the following major noise sources: lJ Interstate 5 traffic noise 2) The AT&SF Railroad noise . 3) Motorboat noise on the Inner Lagoon 4) Turbine noise from the Encina Power Plant 5) Carlsbad alvd. traffic n~ise 6) Aircraft noise from Palomar Airport vehicle noise from Interstate 5 impacts an area 300 feet on each side of the~freeway. Properties within this 65 dBA contour are unacceptable~for residential use unless barriers and noise insulation are installed. The AT&SF Railroad impacts an area ranging from 300 to 700 feet in width. Residential properties affected within the 65 dBA impact area are concentrated north of the outer and middle lagoons. The study area is outside the 60 dBA (CNEL) impact of Palomar Aitport. The property is also anticipated to be unaffected by Airport operations as projected for 1995. The Encina Power Plant impacts the study area with noise emanating from the following sources: 1) l'urbine:generators 2) Steam lines 3) Transformers 4 ) Fu e ·1 ha n d l i n g sys t em 5) Switchyard circuit breakers Although noise levels within the Encina property boundaries may. range as high as 90 dBA ---distance between the plant and sensitive receiv.ers attenuates this noise to below 35 dBA. Com- plaints of noise emanating from the Power Plant have been infrequent. Motorboats on the inner Lagoon have been the source of frequent noise complanits. An ad-hoc Citizens• Noise Committee measured ambient noise levels at three locations around the Lagoon in 1972. these measurements showed one hour average noise levels ranging as high as 70 dBA. Single occurrence noise levels were measured as high as 86 dBA._. Based on th~-Noise Committee's firidings, the City Council adopted an ordina~be in 1972 which restricted boat speeds to 45 m.p.h. during the day and 5 m.p.h. during the night. Reports from property -42- [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ D LJ D ' D 0 D C D D O u 0 0 0 D 0 [] D D u D 0 D D D {] owner~ tn~icate that the~e measures have aided in~reducing,motor boat noise. However, .increased numbers ~f boats on the Lagoon ~ay result in excessive noise levels .. Noise from Ca~lsbad Blvd. impacts a small seg~ent-of· the study area located on the north side of the outer Lagoon. Properties-• albng Carlsbad Blvd. in this area may be subject to noise levels of. 68 dBA at a distance of 50 feet. Appendix F contains computations· for noise impacts. . ( ; .... -43- 0. ARCHAEOLOGY Although it has been suggested that man may have migrated to San Die~o Coµnty as early as 50,000 years ago, no conclusive evidence validates this hypothesis. Currently accepted data indicates that it was approximately 10,000 years ago that per manent human occupation occurred in San Diego County west of the Laguna Mountains. It is, however, probable that small bands of hunters and gatherers were present in the western portion of the County on a semi-permanent basis as long as 15,000 years ago. If evidence is found confirming the presence of aboriginal peoples in the County prior to 15,000 years ago, it will probably come from the coastal areas, especially areas adjacent to the lagoons. The earliest known people to occupy San Diego County were Paleo-Indians, feferred to as the San Dieguito peoples.Artifactual evidence indicates that they extensively used the area around and within the Garlsbad area. • Approximately 7,000 years ago a different group of artifacts. characterized.by stone tools called manes, metates, mortars and pestles began to appear in the coastal region of the County. These tools are in contrast to the well-made hunting implements found in the artifact assemblage of the San Dieguito people and are assigned to members of the La Jolla Complex. It appears that instead of being game hunters, the La Jolla people extensively exploited the estuarine and floral resources so prevalent in the coastal areas about 7,000 years ago. The La Jolla people may be identical to the San Dieguito, only with a changed technological base brought about by environmental necessity, or they may have been a different group of people who moved into San Diego County and either displaced or assimilated the San Dieguito culture. Artifactual evidence indicates that the La Jolla people flourished until about 3,000 years ago. The archaeological record shows that at about that time a different group of people, belonging to the Yuman linguistic stock, began occupying the western portion of the County from Batiquitos Lagoon south while another people of Shoshonean linguistic stock occupied the country from Batiquitos north to Orange County. These people were character ized by pottery, bows and arrows and an .. economy based extensively· on milling-grinding activities. Their i-ifeway remained virtua1·fy unchanged until the advent of missionization late in the eighteenth century. • Within the Agua Hedionda Study Area there are fifteen recorded a r c ha e o 1 o g i c a 1 s i t es ( a n a r c h a e o l o g i c-a l s i t e ma p i s o n f i l e w i t h th e City of Carlsbad Planning Department). Although some of the sites have been impacted or destroyed by present development, the remaining majority of sites have varying degrees of importance. -44- [ [ [ D C D u D € D 0 D C _l -[J -~ D u 0 D D LJ D 0 D D D {l D LJ D 0 D D D u Archaeological sites are rare, limited,; a,nd_ inv~luable non- -renewable resources. Due to post Euro--Na ti ve.:.Ameri can_ contact la n d - u s e s p r a c ti c e s , _ s om e s i t e s a r e . s c i e n t i: f i ca 1:1 y . IT) or e v a l u a b ·1 e th a n others. -.The value lies in: th·e understandi-ng of th;e cultural he_ritage of America, the quest for ·scienti-fic knowledge -ab_out ours.elves and. our predecessors, -and in the s'cientifiG fact :t-hat. Ind_ian si'tes, once destroyed, will not and cannot _pe replaced_. Th,ey.. are forever gone and with them. i.s gone a portion of, our· own cultur:a-l. heritage. It is- therefore ·nacessary to establish criteria for the~scientific dispcisition of archaeological sites. Since all-sites tannot be preserved, the inf6rmation contained within th~~ must be evaluated by some -means. With that understanding, the sites within the study area have been objectively evaluated and the r~sult~ can be found in Append i X G. • • • -45-· - P. PUBLIC UTILITIES Water. The Agua Hedionda Study Area is primarily serviced by the City of Carlsbad Water Department (CCWD). A ~ortion of the study area to the east is serviced by the Carlsbad Municipal Water District (CMWD). Water mains are located under all City streets within the study area. In addition there are water mains that traverse the Pannonia property from Clearview Drive to Park Drive (12 11 ), from Skyline Drive to Neblina Drive (12u) and .also a water main extending from the east end of Cannon Road to El Camino Real . Sewers. The entire study area is located within the Carlsbad Sanitary Sewer System. Existing trunk lines are located under Cannon Road (10 11 ) and from east. to west along the City boundary line, under Park Drive and along the north shore of the inner Lagoon (24 11 ). This connects with an (18'.') trunk line that continues west along the north shore of the center Lagoon. Both trunk lines are connected to a 42 11 ) line that parallels the AT&SF Raiiroad an~ extends to the sewage treatment facility south of the study area. Gas and Electricity. The San Diego Gas and Electric Company distri·butes natural gas· and electricity to the Agua Hedionda Area. Solid Waste Disposal. Removal of solid waste from the project site will be the respon~ibility of McDougal Sanitation Company. According to a company representative, they pr~sently utilize the San Elijo Landfill, located near the intersection of Encinitas Boulevard and Rancho Santa Fe Road. This landfill site has a life expectancy of about 1.5 years. Though the-location of a future landfill has not been decided, the Valley Center landfill, located approximately 15 miles east of Escondido~ is a potential site. Storm Drains. There are 5 major storm drains that deposit water directly into the Lagoon; all are located along the north shore with the exception of a 24 11 concrete reinforced pipe that drains a portion of I-5 into the e~st end of the center Lagoon. One follows the AT&SF RR right-of-way and deposits runoff into the center Lagoon. The remaining three deposit runoff into the inner Lagoon. -46- C [ [ [ [ [ u D t -□ ' Q 0 C 0 0 0 € 0 [J 0 0 D u D 0 0 D 0 (] · Q. COMMUNITY SERVICE ,:, . Fire Protec ti.on Servic·es ...:., The 'C-ity' of Carfi·b-ad Fire'· ·D'epa~tment Station l, locate:d at 1275 Elm Av,enye,. provides f.ire,.protection services for that portion of the.study area within the .Carlsbad City limits. The parcel within the Gount'y oJ San Diego is ·c;:overed by the California State Division of Forestry Fire Servi.ce. lhey iespond from two l-0cations, 28741 Cole Grade Rd., Escdndid6 and 236 Pico Avenue, San Marcos. Response time from the City Fire nepartment' is estimated at three to five minutei . . Police Protettion Services -The City of Carlsbad Police Department , l 2 0 0 El m Avenue-,-. prov i des po l i c e protect i on for th a t portion of the study area within the Carlsbad City limits. The response time is projected to be five minutes. The area ~ithifi the County is serviced by the San Diego County Sheriff's Dep~rtment located it 143 D Street, Encinit~s. Response time varies for this area depending ~pon prbximity of a patrol car. Ho~tal Service -Tri-City Hospital, located at 4002 Vista Wayin Oceanside, is approximately 5 miles from the project area. This hospital has 171 beds, 102 active-staff physicians, and a fully equipped emergency room. North County Community Hospital, f6rmerly known as Oceanside Community Hospital, located at 1100 Fifth Avenue in Oceanside, .has a 67-bed capacity. They are currently remodeling their facilities, according to sp6kesperson Mary Mauk and a n ti c i pa t e b. e i n g f i n i s he d by the end of February , . l 9 7 6 . They are l O Ca t e d a ppr OX i-m a tel y s i X mi l es fr Om. the pr O j e C t site. Schools -The study area is currently served by the Carlsbad Unified School District (CUSD). At present there are no tchools located within the study area. CUSD provides elementary, junior andsenior high school facilities to the.north of Agua Hedionda. Two elem~ntary schools, Jeffersort and Magnolia and also Valley Junior High and Carlsbad High School, are located within one-half mile of the study area. Li bra r_LF~i_ l i tie~_ -The Carlsbad Library, 1250 Elm Avenue, consists of a 20,700 square foot structure containing more than 90,000 volumes. It is located approximately 2.5 miles from the project.area. • ShQQeing Faci·l i ti es' -The Plaza Cami no Real Shopping Center, located3~miles from the project area on El Camino Real and Marron Drive, offers various specialty shops, including a travel agency, three jewelers, shoe stores, a tobacco shop, a candle shop, a pet center, and several clothing stores, all based around two department stores, .J. C. Penney and May Co. -47- Shopping facilities are also located throughout the downtown area of Carlsbad, within 2-3 miles of the study area. Pub~ic_Transportation -Carlsbad is served by the North County Transit System. Service is provided along Tamarack east of the railroad, along Park Drive and looping around Hillside and Valencia Drive. Routes are also provided along El Camino Real, Carlsbad Boulevard and I-5. -48-. 0 D C D u D a Q D 0 D C D 0 0 ~ 0 Q D D D 0 (] 0 u D TI D 0 {] 0 LJ □· 0 0 D D R~ • RECREATIONAL FACILITIES The City of Carl shad presently has five parks an·d two beach access areas -totalling 8.5 acres .. Located within the s:tudy area is Laguna Riviera (0.5 acres, 3.3 acres unimproved).·· Cannon' Par.k (1 .7 acres), which is open to the_public but not City~owned, is. also within the study area. Carlsbad has also acquired a long term lease oh a 90-acre site (Figure 6) owned by San Diego Gas & Electr'ic Co. (SDG&E.) along the south-east shore of the inner Lagoon. Preliminary ~lans call for development of this site into a community park. -. -· The center and inner· portions of the Agua Hediu!'lda Lagoon are leased by the City of Carlsbad from SDG&E for water-oriented' recreation. The ihner Lagoon· is used for power boats, water skiing, fishing and som~ sailing while the center is restricted to non- power boat use. Fi~hing facilities are provided tiy SDG&E along the western edge of the outer Lagoon; Carlsbad Beach State Park and South Carlsbad' Beach State. Park make up approximately 64 acres along th~ coast of Carlsbad. At present half of the beach area within the study area. is within Carlsbad Beach State Park, the other half is private beach owned by SDG&E. • The ar~a of prfvate beach is soon to be ac~uired by the State and become an extension of Carlsbad Beach St~te Park. ) --49- AGUA HEDIONDA SPECIFIC PLAN LIOIND ITUDT AHA - PLANNING AHA :t-'0",PW✓ PARK •- BASE MAP ICAU l I . -.- E7 ,/ ~ .... _.; \ ~ . . / I ·, I -"'~ / •• ->-:-----.._ . -~---, '·: ,--...L ' . --. •• -'f, /.,-~ I l_.-;-,..____,~ I --I \ . I -==-eta>--.._ asacJ ----------- \· \ c=J r7 17 17 I I ,,_ ..... G) C ;;o n, lrJ ,;--a D D l] 0 ~ D LJ D 0 D D 0 III. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE PROJECT AND .MITIGATION .MEASURES REtOMMENDED TO MINIMIZE ADVERSE _IMPACTS • • • A. CONSTRUCTION , Impacts. Generally, construction impacts are short-term and proporti-onate to size of development. The impacts on man and the environment that are commonly associated with constructipn activities are discussed in detail below: •• l. Air Pollution. Air pollutiofl from construction sites takes the form of exhaust e~issions and dust gener~tion due to ground-disturbing activities. The impacts of airborne dust . are.more localiz~d than those of exhaust emissions; however, both may effect portions of the study area. 2. Noise. Increased noise levels normally accompany all phases of construction activities. Noise produced by the operation of grading equipment, heavy trucks, and even hand tools can reach levels of up to ninety dB at fifty feet. These levels will have only a short~term impact on those specific areas adjacent to construction activities. 3. f_ublic Hazards. These are present on most construction sites in the form of trenches, stored building materials, con struction equipment and construction spoil. Children living within completed projects adjacent to construction sites may use such sites as "playgrounds", and are, therefore,· especiallJ vulnerable to such hazards. 4. Soil Erosion. Long and short impacts are discussed in the section "Geology and Soils". 5. Witer gollution. ~ater pollution by other than erosional sediments is also a construction problem. Careful control will have to be exercised to prevent waste materials such as construction equipment lubricants, washwater, and other chemicals from getting into surface and ground waters. Mitigation Measures. Mitigations to reduce the short-term impacts of construction might include: l. Control of dust by watering. 2. Control of smoke and exhaust emissions by up-to-date antipollution measures. 3. Control of noi·se by use of adequate muffler systems on all construction equipment. 4. Limiting construction to· normal daytime working hours. 5. Strict control on deposition of construction spoil. 6. Safeguards against spillage of construction equipment lubricants, washwater, and soluble or'insoluble compounds (paint, gas, etc.) T~ese can be covered by provision in construction bonds. -51- 7. Conservation of energy and materials (including the use of recycled materials). 8. The use of applicable mitigation measures outlined in 11 Geology and Soils 11 to -prevent siltation or runoff into the Lagoon. 9. Adequate inspection and policing of sites to preclude the creation: of 11 attractive nuisances 11 that may be used as 11 playgrounds 11 • -52- C [ [ [ [ [ D Q D Q 0 C D [J 0 f D 0 D C D 0 0 u 0 L ~ 0 [] 0 D LJ 0 0 D D D B. GEOLOGY AND SOILS tm pa ct s . -Ba s e d on a s tu d y -of . ex i s. t i n g soi 1 , . g e o 1 o g i c_, a n d seismic conditions within the Agua He_di.onda S_tudy Areii, it appears that there are no major gee-technical conditions pro·hi,biti,\le _to development. Of concern, however, is the possibility of fault movement outside of the study area. Locations of relative suscep ti~ilitY to damage are structure~ built. on tertiary sediments,. terrace deposits and areas comprised of thin unconsolidated. aggre gates of silt and sand. The greatest potential for ear~hquake damage occurs _on alluvium, which consists of unconsolidated deposits ·of clay,· sirt, sand," and gravel. • • Another area of concern within the study arei is soil erodi bility. • Erosion _is a direct function ~f soil type, ground cover, percent slope, slope length, and rainfall intens,ity. Adverse impacts in this• category ate primarily associated with grading ~nd the results of grading. • Mitigati.on Measures. To m1n1m1ze these associated i_mpacts, grading permits:fo~ the pr-0perty might include the following measures: 1. Coordination of g~adi~g activitie~ with the local pre cipitation pattern. 2. Avoidance of clearing operations in advance of grading~ 3. Limit grading to the minimum area necessary to accomplish the proposed development. • 4. Watering and rolling the .final surface to form a hardened, compacted cap of soil which will minimize dust and erosion due to surface.runoff .. 5 . , Cons tr u c ti on of _d r a i nag e fa c i l i ti e .s con c 1,1 r rent l y w i th grading activities where practicable. 6 .. Gradi~g of surfaces so as to direct runoff toward plarined qrainages and, if possible, away from cut and fill slppes. 7. Constructi6n of silt traps and settling basins in drainage sys.te_ms. • •. • . 8. Direct drainage away from Lago~n and ocean areas or con struct above mentioned silt traps. 9.· _Early planti·ng and maintenance of gro~nd cover suitab1e for , s l ope er o s 'i o n con tr o 1 . • 10. Design criteria for maximum slope of hillside development to minimize erosion or landslide possibilities. .. ,·..,. '... '..,• -53- l • ! . ' ! : I l I' . ' .C.~ HYDROLOGY AND WATER ·qUAllTY. Impacts. Additiohal· d~velopment or land transformation may lead toalteration of several hydrological parameters. These al~ terations may include: 1. Increased runoff rates. 2. Increased sediment load of runoff water. 3. Increase in the chemical and mineral content of runoff water. 4. lncreased turbidity of the Agua Hedionda Lagoon. •• 5: Alteration of the:fTood· plain. 6. Decreased tidal prism. . Removal of native vegetation and it, replacement with land- scaping and various impervious surfaces a$sociated with·develop ment could result in some or all of the ~bove mentioned impacts. Increased turbidity and additional chemical pollution could be caused by increased power boat .. traffic within the Lagoon. Also, the incre~sed consumption of cooling water (400 gpm to 800 gpm) with the addition of a fifth generating unit at the Encina Powir Plant could increase sedimentation within the Lagoon. Mitigation Measures. Mitigation measures to minimize these impacts migh·t include: 1. Cdnstruction of silt traps and settling basins in the drainage system. 2. The use of pbrous asphalt where feasible. 3. Diversion·-0f runoff away from the Lagoon. .. 4. Efficient use of street cleaning equipment as outlined· in Water. Pollution As~ects of Street Surface Contaminants '(U.S. E.P.A., 1972). • . · 5 .. Development of the flood plain in conformance with the U.S. Army Corps of Engine~rs and Dept; of Fish and Game. ~-Management program for boat usage on inner Lagoon. 7~ Continued maintenance dredgihg of the outer Lagoon. 8. Maintenance dredging of the middle and inner Lagoon as needed to insure adequate tidal flushing. 9. Deposition of dredged material$ ·at approved locations. 10. Continied water quality monitoring of the Agua Hedionda Lagoon. • -54- C [ [ [ [ [ 0 q D D C D [J D € D 0 D C D D J D u D t D ~ D u D 0 D D D u D .: .• AGRICULTURE . ~ct~_. A detailed agricyJtural analysi~·has been prepared for agricultural lands within the study area.· Thi~ analysis studied Agua Hedionda agricultural properties in relation to the County wide and local ·area agricultural industry. The study concluded that the 47 acre Pannonia prbperty is in some respects physically suitable for agricultural prod~ction but is limited by the more determinant environmental and economic factors. These 11mitations are corroborat~d by the fact that the property owners have not been able to lease the property for agticultural use since 1973. Briefly summarized: The property is too small and removed from other agricultural properties .to be economically viable; The runoff from agriculture could adversely affect water quality of the Lagoon unless an irrigation catchment/re cycling system is installed~ The property is in the middle of an urbanized area and can ~ea nuisance to nearby residential areas because of dust, noise, increased truck traffic and pesticide drift. An additional 140 acres is currently being cultivated on the south side of the inner Lagoon on property used by SDG&E as an electrical transmission corridor. Of this acreage, 31 acres have been leased to the City of Carlsbad·. It is the intent of the plan that this 140 acre parcel remain in agricultural use .. Approximately 20% of this property drains northerly into the Agua Hedionda Lagoon. The introduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the runoff wi·ll adversely affect Lagoon water ~uality. Mitigation Measures. The impacts of the project on agri cultural land are proposed to be mitigated in the following ways: 1. The loss of the Pannonia property as potential agricultural land is offset by the actual County-wid~ (and local) increase in acreage devoted to tomato production. The City should encourage continued agricultural development of other properties, and support the creation of agri cultural preserves. 2. The adverse affects of agricultural runoff into the Lagoon can be mitigated by use of catchment basins and water recycling facilities. -55- 3. The impacts of human activity adjacent to the agricul tural property on the south side of the Lagoon can be mitigated by fencing the property along Cannon Road and adjacent to the park boundary. -56- [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ C C D u D € D 0 D C D 0 D D 0 [] 0 0 LJ D 0 0 D D {] E. AQUACULTURE Aquaculture today is of minor importance, although in the future it could increase dra~atic~lly our domesti~ fish and sea food production. It is empl~yed widely in· Asiatic countries: 7 percent of Japan's total fish catch comes from aquaculture pro duction. Aquacult~re i·s attractive because it· offers relief-from the greatest handicap of the fishinq industry--reliance on an uncertain common property resource. Economic viability in aquaculture can be achieved by reducing production cost~ and the time required:to carry th~ product through to market siie. One method is the use of waste heat in thermal effluent from electrical generating stations to accelerate growth of aquatic organisms. The ultimate goal of commercial aquaculture is the production not only of gourmet foods, such as lobster and shrimp, but also those which command relatively low market prices, and thus are accessible to a much larger seqment of the population. Depending_ on research and technology, aquaculture can be expected to reach significant pro~ portions withjn the next 10_ years. Because of the water quality and availability of heated effluent from the Encina Power Plant, future possible uses of the outer Lagoon should include alternatives· for aquaculture production. It is certain that maximization of the production 6f aquatic foods can be achieved only if the importance of aquaculture is realized, and its developm~nt aided by gov~rnment and industry•spohsored research and development programs such as currently exist at the Encina Power Plant. -57-· F. VISUAL RESOURCES lmpa~~-Visual impacts of .the project are difficult to assess without the existence of specifit development proposals. It is possible that the following visual_ impacts will occur as a result of the project: 1. Vistas of the Lagoon may be ~locked• by structures or veg eta ti on_• 2. Archite.ctural ,style.of-new development may be out of character wi-th the natura.l environment and· exis.ting . deyelopment iri the study area. 3. The elimination of scenic, _natural lan·dsca·pes· may 'occur".. 4. , Development may occur without regard to comprehens·ive design of the area., Mitigations. The mitigation of visual impa~ts c~h oct~r with the implementation of comprehensive.design review standards which: '_:. 1. Control-the .size, scale. and architectural design of new., devel oprnent. -• ·: 2. Preserve. views of .the. Lagoon, ·ocean and scenic ·natural -l'and forms•, 3. Provide for ae~thetic street scene~. 4. Develop standa· ~rs for landscaping, 5. Develop design standards for signing. 6. Preserve,to the great~st extent possible, the natural land forms. 7. Regulate the design compatibility of adjacent uses. -58- 0 0 C D LJ D 0 Q D Q D C D u 0 € D 0 D C !J D D u D D l] D D LJ 0 0 D D D u ·G· .. BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS • ·' ',; , Impacts. Development and land alteration will ·have both imme- diate·and long term effects on the biotic communities present within the study area. Immediate ~ffects are pttmarily centered around grading and the resultant disturbance of ~~getative and animal communities. 0 b v i o us l y , gr a d-i n g w i l l remove' the ex i s ti n g veg et at i v e cover and with it the highly integra.ted<structure bf the natural community. Removal -of th-is vege-tation entails a loss of plant spec.ies -and the associated value of these spe~ies to wildlife as food, tover, and territory. Beside~ loss of habitat, animal species c-an be affected in more',direct ways. Various fossorial animals such as: Valley Pocket Gophers, Ground Squirrelsi Pocket Mice, Burrowing Owls, and several reptilian species 'normally retreat underground when fright ened. This behavioral response results in high mortality rates during earth-moving operations: More mobile animal species··are usually capable of fleeing in adva~ce of mac~inery but then become concentrated in peripheral ~reas where the carrying capacity for those:particular species has f~equently b~en reached or exc~eded. This results in mortality due to 11 natural 11 mechanisms.·· • L-0ng term effects orl th~ biotic communities·can include: l . 5,. 6. Reduction of existing vegetation, including elimination of salt marsh and mud-flat areas. • ' . . Increased sedimentaiion of the Agua Hedion~a La9oon. Increased chemical poliution of the Lagoon through both ru_noff and i ncre.ased use of the Lagoon. Increased turbidity of the Lagoon. )'. ': . ,,·; Decreased wildlife utilization due to human i~terference ah~ easy access to sensitive wildlife habitats. . ' Di~turbance of eel ~rass beds.· 7. Increased predation by d~mestic animals {dogs~ cats, etc). Mitigati6h Measures. Since-many impacts to the biological system are long-term and often extremely difficult to reverse, mitigation measures ·-should··a1so:lie long-,term-,and·seek-to intercept and resolve problem treas before they exist. Some of the following mitigation measures will hopefully not only prevent or minimize impacts,but will also serve·to enhance or restore some biologically important ~reas. Mitigation can be accompli~hed.by:: • -59- / i I I I l. Construction of silt traps and settling basins in the drainage system. 2. Diversion of runoff away from the Lagoon. 3. Prbper grading practices (as detailed in other sections of this report). 4. Continued maintenance dredging of the outer Lagbon and maintenance dredging of the.middle and inner Lagoon as needed to insure adequate tidal flushing. 5. Maximum possible protection of the e~l grass bedf during dredging. 6. Deposition of dredged materials at approved locations. 7. Maximum power boat speed limit. l 8. The continued designation of areas for power boats (inner Lagoon)~ non powef boats (inner and center Lagoon), and the continued restriction of boating in the outer Lagoon. 9. Development of a carrying capacities for boat~n~ uses of the Lagoon. 10. Development of the flood plain in conformance with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and Dept. of Fish and Game. 11. The use of native plant speci~s as landscaping. 12. Maximum retention of native vegetation and open space. 13. Development of the community park following guidelines set forth in this report. 14. Th~ preservation of the mudflat, saltmarsh and riparian areas (as outlined in this report) through acquisition and dedication.· 15 .. Protection of the above mentioned preservation area as outline~ in this report (ie. f~ncing, slope dredging). 1: l 6 . Co n s tr u c t i on of a buoy sys. t em a t th e ea s t e n d of th e inner Lagoon (restricted use of power boats). 17. Adequate management of the Lagoon, preservation area, and open space areas. -60- C [ [ [ [ [ L [ ( [ [ [ [ D LJ D ( 0 Q D C D ·o u E D 0 u D 0 D D ·□ 18. If additional dredging is to be permit~kd, ·creation of relatively flat slopes should be encouraged for the creation· of additi~rial wildlife~habitat subject to tidal inundation. / -61- ' I H. AIR QUALITY Impact. The study area will be impacted by the generation of approximately 34,730 two way vehicle trips daily, based on the anticipated saturation population. Present development now accounts for approximately-17% of these trips. The degree to which these vehicle trips will degrade air quality depends on: 1. The successful utilization of vehicle emission control devices. 2. Th~ extent to ~~ich alternative tran~portation modes,· such as buses, and bicycles, are utilized 3. Any changes which may occur in the public's trip gener ation patterns. 4. It has been determined, though not accurately measured, that starting an~ stopping of vehicles contributes a higher rate of hydrocarbon emission than does continuous travel qver the same distance. The completion of the connector street system will provide for a smoother flow of traffic and actual shortening of some trips. The Office of Environmental Management for San Di~go County has developed a model for f~recasting hydrocarbon emissions from land use plans based on existing trends in the San Diego Air Basin. Using the projected rates of reactive hydrocarbons per capita, per year, the following emissions have been predicted. It should be noted that reactive hydrocarbons in the study area are expected to decr~ase by 1990, despite population increases: -62- Q D D 0 u 0 0 Q 0 0 G 0 a 0 C 0 Q 0 D D ID (] D u D LJ E D l] D (] D LJ D 0 D D D u TABLE TOTAL INDUCED REACTIVE HYDROCARBON:-EMISSIONS· FOR . AGUA HEDIONDA STUDY AREA • • 1972 AND 1990 Light Duty Motor Vehicle Heavy Duty Motor Vehicle Motorcycles General Aviation Commercial Aviation Fossil Fue1 Power Generation Other (Petroleum, Solvents, Etc.) TOTAL·. 1972 Population t X . J, 1972 Factor (lbs/cap yr) 66.27 4.06 1.34 0.56 2.95 0.37 29.69 . ... 105.24. 2,000 • (est.·)_ • I T 1972 RHC 132,540 8,120 2,680 1,120 5,900 740 59,380 210,480. 1990 Population t x ,l, 1990 Factor 3.49 0.76 0.13 0.70 0.82 0.45 11. 30 . 17.65. Source: Office of Environmental Mangement, San Diego County Other air quality impacts will result from: • • 4,000 (est.) ,. I • 1990 RHC 13,960 ' 3,040 520 2,800 3,280 1,800 45,200 70,600 l . I n c re a s e ct d em a n d for fo s s i l f u e r' g ·en er a t e cl power . 2 . I. n c r ea s e d d u s t a n d pa r t i c u l a t es res u l ti n g 'from co n s tr u c t i b n activities. -63- 3. Continuing use of the Encina Power Plant for electrical power generation. Mitigatio~ Measu~es. The adverse air quality impacts of the project can be mitigated by: l. The City's support and active participation in the Regional AJr Quality Strategy. • 2. The inauguration of air quality monitoring directly down wind of the study are~. • 3. The rejection of a future power plant site on the south shore of the inner Lagoon as a project alternative. 4. The design of a circulation system which provides for direct, smoothly flowing traffic. 5. The provision of bus, bicycle and pedestrian facilities to link residential neighborhoods with schools, shopping areas, community facilities and recreation areas. -64- C D C D G [ 0 Q D D C D LJ D C D 0 D C D D D u D D D D [J 0 <J 0 LJ D 0 D D D I. TRAFFIC Impacts. Traffic studies by Allan M. Vorhees indicate that the study area, when fully developed~ is ~xpected to generate a total of 35,220 two way vehicle trips daily .. This is apptoximately 6 times higher than traffic levels currently existing within the study area. The Voorhees study pinpoirited areas of specific t6ncern: 1. It has been suggested ·a~ a project alternati~e that the . proposed segment of C~nrron Road south of the_·Lagoon not ,be constructed. Analjsis by the consultant showed that diversion of traffic which would normally use Cannon Road would caµse safe traffic capacities to be exceeded on Tamarack Avenue, Palomar Airport Road, and possibly, Park and Hillside. • The consultant concluded that Cannon Road is a vital 'link to the regional circulation system, and if it is not const~ucted, severe impacts on circu lation in the study area could result~ 2. Hillside and Highland between Park and Tamarack will ultimately carry up to 14,000 vehicles daily. The con sultant suggests that ·thi_s ·traffic can most feasibly be accomodated by widening Highland-Hillside to four lanes. If widening does not riccur, congestion would be·inevitable~ 3. Thi construction of ·the link tonnecting Hillside across the Pannonia prbperty would reduce tiips on Park Drive and Neblina by 1,800 and 2,000 respectively. If Hillside is not constructed, it may become necessary to Wid~n Park to four lanes to accommodate the additional traffic. 4. With the exceptions noted above, ihe existing and planned· street system will be adequate to serve. the study area built out to its anticipated de~sity. Mitigation Measures The traffic impacts are related to impacts and mitigations suggested in the air quality, visual, noise and agriculture sections of the EI R. Mitigations suggested to lessen the effects of increased traffic include: l. Building Cannon Road as proposed•in the City's Circulation Element, and providing a connection to the north shore street system. In order to protect the surrounding agri cultural properties from human encroachment, on st~eet parking should be rest_ri~ted and .aqricultural lands abutting the road should be fenced. 2. Buildino the Hillside link across the Pannonia property, to lessen iraffic on Park and Neblina. • '· -65- 3. Widening Highland and Hillside to four lanes in a manner which would least disiupt adjacent residences. 4. Discouraging lot frontage with access on high volume streets. 5. Eliminating 4 leg intersections wherever possible. 6. Constructing a landscaped median on Kelly Drive to reduce existing high vehicle speeds and improve the appearance of the street. 7.-Pfoviding a street sy~tem which promotes direct and smooth flow of all travel. 8. Incorporating bicycle, public transit, pedestrian facilities as part of the circulation network. 9. Discouraging on-street parking on arterial and collector streets. 10. Eliminating the need for stor signs. and signalization where ever possible, so as to improve traffic flow. 11. Encouraging imp~ove~ents to Park Drive and Adams Street adjacent to the Lagoon in a manner which enhances their desirability as scenic routes. 12. Providing adequate offstreet parking, especially adjacent to major recri~tion areas. The complete traffic analysis by Allan M. Voorhees is contained in Appendix I of this report. -66- [ [ [ [ [ 0 C D u 0 C D 0 D C D D J ·□ u l] D D Li D 0 D D D CJ ;' J. NOISE Impatts. The project.ar~a will be impac~ed by increa~ing noise from several sources. Existin:g_ and {uttJre co·nstru_ction. of residences adjr1cent to Carlsbad Blvd., Interstate ·s, _Tamarack Ave_nue, the AT_SFRail r~~H and Park Driva can resu·1t in ·eiposure of re~ide~t~ t~ e~cessive noise levels. In additi-0n, noise from motorboats _on the Lagoon will become an increasing problem as more resideffces are built on the north shore of the Lagoon and boating use is increased. • Mitigation Mea~~res. The adverse noise impacts resulting from the pro j e ct .. can be mi ti gated b'y: • • ' l. • R~quirin~ that all r~sidential areas subject t~ ambient noise levels in excess of_ 60 dBA be subject to an _in_ves tigati•on by a qualified acoustician. This in~esti~ation shall recommind any.measures necessary to.lower noise to atceptable_ levels. 2. Strictly enforcin~ spe~d limits and curfews foi motor boat use on the Ligoon. 3. Limjting, if necessary 1n the future, the number and typas of boats using the Lagoon. 4~ Requi~ing that in all new·residenti~l developments lots be designed so that residences do not front o~ collector or arte~ial streets. 5. i . Construction noise can be mitigated by limitinq c6nstr~ction : to normal daytime working ho~rs. -67.;. ; K. UTILITIES Impacts. The population growth within the study area will substantially increase the need for utilities including wate~, sewage, solid wast~ disposal, elect~icity and natural gas. All new utilities will be undergrounded, and existing above ground utilities are expected t6 be eventually undergrounded. Refer to Appendix H for statements by the City of Carlsbad Utilities Dept. and San Dieg6 Ras and Electric regarding future Agua Hedionda area utility re~uiremerrts. • • The City Engineer has stated that the City can serve the ·subject area with water and sewer systems. Development of the area will require water line and sewer extensions and ultimate develop ment of this area will require increasing the capacity of the sewarage pump station east of Interstate 5 (Snug Harbor) or an alternate south shore gravity and force main system to connect to the Vista-Carlsbad trunk line in the vicinity of Cannon Road. (The south shore system has been proposed' by Brown and Caldwell as part of their Master Sewer Study recommendations.) Ultimate development in any area of the City, of course, will be dependent on the availability of water from CMWD and capacity of the Encina Watet Pollution Control Facility. • . . San Diego Gas and Electric has similarly stated that they will be able to provide utility services to serve all new development within the study area. Mitigation measures. In addition·to mitigation measures listed under the energy conservation se~tion of this EI R, the following measures are proposed to lessen the impacts of the project by: [ [ [ [ [ D C 1. Requiring the orderly, phased expansion of servic~s and D facilitie~ in~ manner which controls how, when and where new growth should occur. 2. Requiring.that all new utility systems be placed underground. 0 -68- D C D Q D D D D D 0 D D D u D D u D 0 D [] D L. COMMUNITY SERVICES Impacts. 1. 2. 3. Schools. The Agua Hedionda Study Area, if developed to· the maximum extent' possible in accordance with the pro posed general plan~ will necessitate providing for approx imately 1,137 addittonal ·school-aged children. The max imum additional anticipated school-aged popul~tion is estimated to be 744 children. Additional school sites wi 11 ther.efore be. needed to provide for these new pupils if the. present class size and scheduling is t6 be maintained. ) Police Service and Fire Protection. As de~elopmerit occurs over the next several years, increased police and fire services will be requir--ed. These cannot b·e met by the existing City of Carlsbad forces, and increased personnel in both the police and fire departments will be required. ~ital Services. The San Diego County Depa.rtment of Medical Institutions reports that Tri-City Hospital should be adequate to meet the future growth-related needs of the Agua Hedionda Study Area. 4. ·shopping Facilities~ The existing center, Plaza Camino Real, is a regional shopping center designed to service a trade-area populttion of approximately 100,000 within a driving time of fifteen minutes. These services should not be impacted by the development of the study area. 5. Library Facili1ies The present Carlsbad Public Library contains·_more than 90,000 volumes. Based on the nation ally recommended rate of two books per resident, this library is a~equate to serve a city of 45,000 individuals, more than twice the present population of Carlsbad. 6. Public Transportation. As development progresses within the study area an increased ridership on the public transportation system is anticipated. The newly established North County Transit District is planning on suth inc~eased usage, and is prepared to add additional routes, if necess ary. Mitigation Measures. To mitigate the impacts upon community services mitigations can include: 1. Assurance by the school district that adequate school facilities will be piovided as development occurs. -69- 2. Expansion of police and fire services as required. 3. Expansion of public transportation services as needed. -70- [ [ [ [ C D C D Q D Q D C D 0 D C D Q D D 0 D {] D LJ D :o D D D u D u :D !□ {] M. RECREATION FACILITIES Impacts. Because of its physical features and close proximity to an urban population center, Agua Hedionda has been regarded as a multiple use recreation area. Additional deve·lopment in the study area will increase the demand placed on recr~ational facilities. Impacts on recreation would include: l. Increased demand and use of existing recreational facilities. 2. Increased traffic cori~estion and demand for more parking space. 3~ Blocking of coastal-vistas. 4. Decreased public acce~s to the shoreline. 5. Competition for water sp~ce. 6. Degradation of habitat areas. Mitigation Measures. Mitigations necessary to minimize or eliminate impacts should include: 1. Development of the c6mmunity park site leased by the City from SDG&E .. (S.E. shore of the inner Lagoon)_. Uses could include a swimming beach, hiking trails, passive boating facilities, and playing fields. 2. Developmerit of a pedestrian-bicycle access way along the north shore of the Lagoon. • 3. Develop~ent of the Hoover St. access with parking facilities. 4. Development with maximum possible retention of existing viewsheds. 5. Extension of the water surface lea~e to long term. 6. Continued use of the outer Lagoon for fishing, the center Lagoon for swimming and non-power boating, and the inner Lagoon as multi-use. 7. Restricting use of the proposed wildlife acquisition area to educational and scientific use .. . , . ' : -., 8. Development of standards and criteria for Park Dr. and Cannon Rd, .as scenic r6adways. • 9._ Prohibi.tion of offroad vehicles in all sensitive areas. -71- N. ARCHAEOLOGY The aboriginal resources located within the Agua Hedionda Lagoon Area are all. that remain of a once extensive hunting and gathering pop:ulation which once occupied coastal Southern Ca 1i f o .r n i .a . S tu d i es by Dr . Ma l co l m Roger s ( l 9 2 0-1 9 6 5 ), Dr ~ J a me s Moriarty (1966), Claude Warren (1967), and R. Kaldenberg and D-r. P.au1 H. :Ezell (1974) indicate that a static population existed along coastal San Diego County at least as early as 9030+2.0O B.P. (Moriarity 1967). This population se·ems to hav:e originated ~n Eastern Cilif6rnia (Willey 1966) or the great basi.n. ('D-avis 1973) and migrated into a pristin.e, u,noccupied c,oast:al a,r,ea. Differe:nt theories as to the exact .route these people trave:rsed whjn they came to dominate San Diego County are availab1e (Rogers 1939, Ro~ers 1945; ~on Werlh-0f 1975). Since archaeology is yet in its formative period locally, we are able only to hypothesize the relatio,nship b.etween la.ndforms, land tts·e, a·nd paleo•et'hni,c travel and trade routes. What is :kn.own is th.at g,roups of ,p,e,0,ple lived at major sites along the San Diego coast, expl-0ited the • estuarine resources, and eventually the resources were •d-eplet,ed. At that time (7000 B.P.) an adjustment process occurred where th e l o ca l gr o u p s h ad to re a d a pt to a c ha n g. i n g econ om i c / r·e s C:H:.I rce s i tua ti on. A 11 of the s i t es a lo n g Ag u a H ,e d i o n d a co n ta i n s c :i ,e n t if fc data of extreme value to scientists in understanding t'.hfs ad-aptiv·e process. New techniques and other scientific methods currently employed in San Diego County will enable scientists to reinterpret and perhaps explain techno-environmental change in San Diego Co u n t y . Pre h i s tori a n s s u c h a s f z e 11 ( l 9 7 5 ) , M-o r i a rt y ( 19 75 ) , Leonard (1975) and Warren (1975) all believe that sites found along Agua Hedionda and Batiquitos Lagoons are of such an en-0r mous scientific value that careful controlled excavation and mitigation is necessary. • • Impacts. Since the plans for the Agua Hedionda Study are in formative stages, the exact impact of development to each archaeo logical resource cannot be assessed. However, it can be stated that any land alteration in the form of grading, intensive brushing, or leveling in the vicinity of any of the archaeological sites wil~ adversely impact these resources. All of the sites located in . this oroiect area are subsurface sites which contain an abundance of cultural materials. These may include human burials which are protected under The California Health and Safety Code,Section 8100 and the California Penal Code, Section 602, Chapter 1299. Section 7052 of the California Health and Safety Code make the destruction of even an unmarked cemetery a felony. Therefore ~aution is necessary when considering any impact to the subsurface sites. According to the more recent Mendocino County decision, six burials constitute a registered legal cemetery and any attempt to remove even prehis toric remains without an appropriate permit would be construed as -72- 0 0 C D 0 D C D Q ·D Q D [r D a D 0 0 Q D [} D D {] D u D 0 D D D [] D D 0 D [] D {] "grave robbing". Extreme legal and -sci.ent.ifi-c.:tare must ;be taken in the event any human remains are foun·d,. • Site· AH-5. is; .the only site on the subject property where it· seems unlikely any_ human remains may be unearthed. This is largely ·due to past land alte~ation activities and not to prehistdric si-te functions or locations. M.i ti g at ions . A. Sites SD~-W-132, SDM~W-132A, . and UCLJ-~-15 are sites of MAJOR scientific·.import and therefore the ·following_. co u rs es· o f • a c fi on a re s u g g es t e d : . 1. Perform a systemati~ posthole series on the ~.ite to determine the exact: vertical and horizontal extent of the site. 2_. Conduct a five per~~nt test ~xcavation manually at the site employing a research design which wiJl allow new and valid scjentifi~ information to be geneiated as a result of the wo~ki The units should .be selected a~ random. 3; -Conduct c14 tests on. the site,durino excavjtion (one sample fro~ W-132A a.nd AH 4 have been submitted to UC Riverside). 4·. • Conduct pal ynol ogi Cfi l studies. 5. P_repare an analysis:·+-or the scientilic community. If th~ information·from the site is found to be,s6. extensive or-so important and quanti,tative that a five -pe.rcent test will not mitigate the impact, then ·a complete .fifteen per·cent salvage excava-:. tion--br greater--will be recommended. If, .on the other hand, the site is fouhd to be yielding repetitive information,_ then no addi tional excavation would be recommended. ·' ' .. , . ; ••• B-... ·_Site· Agua !:led i onda Number 4 is· considered to be of ~oderate: scientific 1mport,and therefore sug~e~ts thi~ th~ followtng course of a~tion be taken: .·. ·I ' , , · .. , . . • ·1 ;· • ·pr·epa're a ri3dial postho·le series to determine the ·sfte's ·' s u b s u r fa c e b o u n d a r i es a ri d ma p a n d co l l e ·c t a l l sU r fa c e art i fa c tu a l ma 't'e r' i a l ~-· :Al 11 a r ch a e o-lo g i ca 1 w or k s ho u l d be p ho to -doc um.en t e d ,. . , i. A ~inor investigation of one-half o~-bne percent of the subject archaeological site should be scientifically excavated prior to development to determine the scientific value of the site. -73- I-i ! i i" I l · I l I 3. If the one-half percent test excavation shows the iubject arthaeological resources are limited to shallow and/or disrupted midden, then no futther excavation would b~ recommended. If the site is proven to contain concen trated archaeological deposits, then a •five to fifteen percent subsurface excavation may be recommended. C. Sites AH5 and SDi 2nq ha~e. been severely imoacted by the construction of Park Avenue and are therefore co~sidered to be of Minor scientific impo~tance. The r~cordation of ih~ie sites as a result of this report mitigates any impacts. ' . D . S i t es RAH I , RAH I I , a n d RAH II I have been mi ti g a t e d . ·by an archieological survey conducted for Rancho Agua Hedionda. E. Sites SDM-W-130 and SDM-W-131 have not been studied for site significance, therefore mitigation (B) should be followed. F. Sites SDM-W-121, SDM-W-1~6, SDM-W-127 and SDM-W-127a should be studied for site ~ignificance. Once a deiermination is made, appropriate mitigations as outlined in this section should be followed. G. The valu~ of these sites -lies in the recovery of the scientific information contained within them. 1. Reports. For all archaeological investigations, a report for the public record containing the results of the_ investigation should be prepared and s~bmitted to the appropriate agency. 2. Disposition of Artifatts and Fieldnotes. All artifacts and appropriate fieldhotes resulting from any mitigating measures should be deposited with a public institution or displayed in an ~p~ropriate area on the subject property. 3. Qualified Archaeologist. All archaeological work should be conducted by an archaeologist qualified by the City of Carlsbad, the County of San Diego, and/or the govern-ing. board of the Society for California Archaeology. H. An alternative to the excavation of the sites would be the development of a plan which_would allow for the physical preser vation of the sites. Methods of oreservatiqn could include: 1. Placin,g five feet of fill ov·er the sites and using them as ope.n space. • .. · ·~:'° .• ' -7 4- 0 D D D 0 D € D Q D Q D D a D 0 D J D LJ 0 0 D D D u D D u D 0 D :[] -, D 2. Placing a chain link fence ~r6urid th~ ~it~s to:~rotect them from the curious. 3. Designing the·proj~ct·so the sites·~ill remain green area and access would be limited: 4. Placing the sites in open space easements. Preservation would allow for the site to be available for scientific research to future scholars with a demonstrated "need to know~.-This would b~ a pbsitive sci~ntific action. -75- I I 1· I 0. ENERGY CONSERVATION MEASURES Impacts. The project will increase energy consum~tion by generating additional vehicle trips, increasing demand for gas and electric service for new developments, encouraging energy consuming forms of recreation, and consuming energy in the construc tion of new developments. MITIGATION MEASURES: These impacts can be mitigated by: · 1. Enc.ouraging use of ,alternate trans·porta·tion ·modes-(bus, bicycle and pedestrian). • 2. Ensuring that energy conserving construction practices are implemented. 3. Encouraging use of non-motorized boats on the Lagoon. 4. Designing structures to utilize the following energy conservation techniques: a. Limitations on the number of window and door openings. b. Full utilization of insulation materials and tech niques. c. Positioning of buildings to take optimum advantage of winter sun and summer shade. d. Installation of solar panels for both space and water heating. e. Landscaping with decidous trees to shade in summer and allow sunlight in winter. f. Use of windbreaks to shelter structures from wind. -76- [ [ [ [ [ [ 0 u D a .0 € 0 [1 0 D 0 D D u D 0 D D D u D t] 0: LJ :0 0 :o ;[] 0 .{] IV. ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS WHICH CANNOT BE AVOIDED IF THE PROJECT IS IMPLEMENTED . . The unavoidable adve~se impatts which c~u~d result frrim· the project are: 0 A. A decrease in the amount of open space in the -study area. B. An alteration of natural land forms. C •. Remova 1 o.f a sma 11 portion of •the remaining· ,na tu-ra l. vegetation. • D. The displacement of·some of the resident animal populations and partial destruction of theit habitat .. · E. An increase in ~raffic ·by almost 30,000 trip~ per day. F. Associated with the increase in iraffic, an incr~as~ Jn automobile emissions which would lead to degradation of ~i.r quality. , . ~-An increase in erosion potential ihrough removal of vegetative toVer. ·H: An increase in demand for public utilities, services, and recreatiohal facilities. I. An increase in dust and nois~ during coristruction of the project. J. • Disruption of archaeological resources. K. Growth inducement and stimulation of development· in adjacent areas. L. An increase in the r·un-off from the site-resulting from 6on~t~uction of impervious surfaces. M. Degradatiori of groundwater and Lagoon water qua1ity res~lt1ng from the introduction of minerals, fertilizers, insectides, etc .. N. Intreased human encroachment on sensitive natural and scenic: ar~~s. -77.,. V. ALTERNATIVES. Because of the scope of the pioject and wide range of alternative land uses which could be appropriate within the study area,· Staff has devised a special format for analyzing project alternatives. A more general analysis on a property-by-property basis is contained .in the attached matrix. Analysis of areas of special concern are contained in the following section. A. SDG&E ON NORTH SHORE OF OUTER LAGOON (see Figure ,V-1). The General Plan shows this piece of property as open apace .. The property owner has indicated that the residential designations shown on property to the north should be extended to include this property. If this alternative is chosen it should include provisions for the steep embankment leading down to the Lagoon to be left intact and that a public access easement be provided a)ong the Lagoon. Another alternative ~or this property would be for the City to acquire the property for a mini park. Drawbacks to this alternative are: • . 1. The location is not central to a significant population. 2. Tamarack State Beach Park and Cannon Park are both close by. 3. The acquisition would be low priority by City Parks and Recreation Standards. B. ECKE PROPERTY ON NORTH SHORE OF THE OUTER LAGOON, SOUTH OF OLIVE AVENUE (see Figure :V-1). The General Plan shows this property is open space (adjicent to the Lagoon) and residJntial medium high density. Some alternatives suggested for this property include: l. The property could remain with its present design~tion and be developed with multi-family residences, with the area abutting the shoreline reserved for open space and p~blic access. 2. Because of poor access to the property, it could be developed at a lower density, with public access also reserved. 3. The property .has significant potential for aquaculture production, using thermal effluent from the power plant. Although commercial acquaculture may be 10 years in developing, the property owner may wish to reserve this property for such a long term use.· 4. The property owner may wish to consider trading this property for comparably-valued City-owned property. The City could then develop the property for a variety of public recreational uses. -78- . •: [ [ [ [ [ [ € D [J D Q D u □· a 0 € 0 [1 D D 0 D G ·□ u D 0 D D D [] o, c~J, D u :0 0 :D i :D D {] ' . ' ____ _,·. -\ • ~-; . -. \ I ' '- ' .,,-• ~ Ii FIGURE V-1 .,. . · ... \. F,I'1URE ·v-2 C. PAPAGAYO (see Figure V-2)~ This property is partially developed with a condominum pro ject. The City and Coastal Commission have approved development plans for all of the property north of the sewer easement d~rroted • on the map. However, the portion of the property west of Harbor Drive has not yet been developed. The City's General Plan shows the property as residential medium high density, with the portion south of the sewer easement as open space. A public access ease ment has been dedicated through this area. Alter~attve~ for this property are: l. The property could. be developed according to approved development plans and the General Plan, maintaining the property south of the sewer easement as open space. 2. The property could be develdped according to the developer's stated de~ires, with buildings projecting beyond the sewer easement. and a peninsula projecting into the middle Lagoon b~ing formed by dredged materials. The impacts of this alternative. on public access and Lagoon biota c-0uld be substantial. . 3. The undeveloped portion of the property east of Harbbr Drive can be developed at a lower density. This would make the project consistent density-wise with the . Surrounding neighborhood. However, both the Coastal Commission and City have approved plans for the develop~ ment at the higher density, D . S NU G HA RB OR ET_ AL ( s e e F i g u re V - 2 ) . The General Plan shows th~ existihg launching facilitie~ as recreation commercial and the remainder of the property as resi dential medium and medium high density. A public access easement exists along the unpaved segment of Hoover going down to the Lagoon. Alternativ~s for the property include: l. The recreation commercial area coul~ be expanded north- . ward to Harrison St. and east to the row of· eucalyptus. This would allow the property to be geveloped compre hensively and would separate the commercial area from the residential areas .. 2. The City could trade the existing Hoover Street easement for a less steep access road on the east side of the row of ~ucalyptus. Because the alternate easement would be shorter, additional land area would be available for public parking. This ~ould have the additional benefit of avoiding a split of the residential areas by the access easement. -80- [ [ [ [ [ [J D D C D a D € 0 [1 D D D 0 (] D u D 0 D D 0 [] 0 c(] D Li 0 0 D D 0 ,CJ :3. It has also been suggested that a mini park ~e provided --either as a part of the recreation. commercial ,area or adjacent to the public access easement. the ad~antages of this alternative ~ust be weighed against the economi~ costs and priority for developing recreational facilities in this area. • • E. WHITEY'S LANDING PROP~RTY (see Figure V-3). The Whitey•~ Landing prbp~rty 1s currently zoned RT (resi- . den t i a l ·to u 17 i s t ) a n d , i s d e s i: g n a t e d a s re s i d en t i a· 1 · med i um de n s i t y (4-10 du/acre) on the General Plan. The property is presently o.ccupied. by a boat launching facility and a restaurant. ,Alternatives for th~ property include:· • . ' 1·· .. It is apparent that \he steep slope of the. property makes it a less ~esirable,lbcation for boat Taunching than ·~any -other· sites around the Lagoon. A recreation comme-rcial use could be applied on the General Plan, with uses such as restaurants and motels allowed on this property. This would allow wider public use of the property than that afforded by residential use. • . 2., The suitability of the property for residential use, depends on the quality of de~ign of the project~ the relationship of the project· to the somewhat steep ter_rain of the site and the ability to maintain both visual and physical access for 'the public. If the site is to be designed to meet thes_e criteria, planned ,unit develop ment standards may ~~ed to be applied. • F. PORTION OF BRISTOL COVE PROPERTY (see Figure V-3). This property is.a pdrtion of an approximately 40% developed, high density community built around,a man-made harbor. This section of Bristol Cove is somewhat uni~ue in that it has not yet h~d any devel'opment o_n, it, and consists largely of steep slopes. The General Pla·n shows the property as. residential high density at 20-30 du/acre. Alternatives for this prope~ty include~ 1. Because of, the steep slopes, the d_ensity which can be achieved without excessive grading· may be much less than thE) 20-30 ,du/acre allowed in the Gener,al Plan. Therefore, the Geheral Plan and the Specific Plan might reflect a lower density than that presently shown.· • ; .2. As an alt;ernative,,._grading s_tarjdards, an,d de·si-gn standards set forth in the Specific Plan may m~ke a change in allow able .. density unnecessary. Because these stan·dards would· effectively. limit the degree of gradin~ and bulk of the buildings·, density· will necessa,r·ily be restricted. ;· :, '' . . -, .,• \ -81- -" -~ -~ •,' ~-·:~ ·• \•~ ,. ',§~b 'ware inks '· f ... \:·. -. i --... ... I!. -. FIGURE -82-FIGURE V-3 .V-4 C [ [ C C C Q D Q 0 C D 0 D • D Q 0 D D D {] D u D 0 D D D l] D G. PANNONIA PROPERTY (see Figure :,V..,3). This property-is design~ted residential low m~dium density on·the General Plan (0-4 units/~cre) .. It is-a gently sloping piece of ground on a hill overlooking the north. shore of the Lagoon. The property was peri6dically cultivated up for tomatoes until 1973. Alternatives for the property include: ' • 1 .. A detailed·anlysis on the ·agrf~yltural capability of the property h~s been prepared and is summarized in:the • agricultural impact s~ction of-this report. This . analysis indi~ates that: a. The. p~operty has d9ubtful e6onomic potential for any agricultural use. • • b. Certain aspects of agricultural production are : incompatible with the s~rroundfng residential areas . (eg, truck traffic, noise, pesticide drift). • . . . . & • • 2. Increasing the General Plan deniity .for the proj~ct-couldi '•• I a. Make the property inconststent with surrounding single family developmen~. b. Increase the prominence of the development as viewed-. from south of th~ Lagoon. •, H·. PROPOSED RECREATIONAL VEHICLE PARK (see Figure· V-4)'. ,. This property is designated on the General Plan .as floodplain_ (open space) and residential medium high denstty. This E·I R has identified a number of concerns relati_ng to ,this prop_erty: . , proximity to wetlands and special habitit areas flood hazard potential traffic generation archaeological resources Alternative land· uses for this prop~rty.i~cl.ude: l. A special appendix (see Apiendix J) has been included in this EI R designating the wetland habitat/nesting ~reas which are to be proposed for &cquisition. This portion property has been revi_ewed by the State Department of Fish and Game and other expert biologists ... : • ' -~ '": ' •• ', , ' , t. • .: •) • , , ''.: ?: ;-I 1 1.. • , •. ' 1 , , 2. Because of the prope~ty 1 s locati.on within the Agua Hedi onda floodplain, construction pf dwellings--without ~pecial engineering modifications to the site--could result in severe damage in the event of a major flood. f r :3.. Tltre .a·p:p'.l i,c.a:nt :ha.s 1p·1r,0:p·os,ed t'ha t a rec rea t i 1onal v1el1 :Le le :P:.a,rik tb,e co,n'struct1e.d ·en t'h.e .site, t:hat S.Pecial 'halbit.at 2air,e,a's 1be f<e.nc(e,d f,rrem i:ntrud,e1r,s a.nd that arc,h:a,e,O~(o~)i,cial :s :; tie all!Ct ;J-M-'l '5 b,e 1c,ov'e!r:ed and preserved as op.en :s,p,a:.c•.e . ·;r,1:1 i'.s :P·,ro:p0sal w0u ld.: 'a. 1P,r,et•e:cit :hablt:a:t :a,rea.s. ,11>-. . :B:e a c,ompatn·b·Jie f 10:0,df p la·i.n use; a n,d, re. '.M·tl;t:i1g:at1e i,m:p:a(cits t,o ia,rdaa·eoJ og'ii cal res10:1:Lr,ce·s .. _,di,. . lG:e,n e.r a it·e, .a c,C(01r.d·ii :ng (1;;0 ·(I; h·e t,r.a ff.; c an~ 1 y s ii s , • ·q ,e,s·s t·nafffc than a 1r·e,sj,de.ntrt aij .us,e·. 'IT'lh(e1r1e imr,e ,s,ome ,.dr:a-,w:ba,cks ·tio U1te 1R-\V Pa,rk propo,s:al .. iF:l,rst,, •itlh(eirte ·nis ,a 19:r,e,a·,te·r ip,o'!teir:r/1:'tl:a·~ f'trnr ,aid1v(eir•sie ·a,esth.eti.c irm,p,a,cts .. • I 1n. ·itrem:s·fiw(e ·nia1nra:s1c;ajp:im:g ,atr:1id ,:d.e·c,o:r;at~h;,:e ·if,e1r:rd:n.g '.would '.help ,to -bluif,f<e1r tihre "rn<Smia·q ·ttim,piateit .. I·n :a,d,clit!i.0:r.i, it,h.e ;pair:k 1w,01uj,d ;b.e .a.djace,r:rt ito -a 1r(e:s·fiiacemtt'fiiil°n m(e'tltg•htbe,r1h<o:o,d ,ail'ilid 1c10111 J1d ib,e '!Cio,n,s i:d,e,re•d ·oy -s,om:e :p:r'o:p:e:r·tt;w (@:w,rneir:S ,a<S iain 1u1mtke1s·~,r:a'b1l,e m:e·ii\glhb101r.: iF'lirn:a·~ J_-y ·it:he !R-V :P;a:r:k \W,e:uij;(tl ;pir(@!biaib·n:¥ ~te1meir;at.:e ·more :intein:s-:i"!N~ )r,ecire:at·:i,.0.nal ,use of ·t•h(e La(g;o,0:n <'amctl ·lht:S <em1,riilr(011:i:s ·;th:a:n w,ouJd ;a .re:siid,e:nt:;a·1 -us:e .. j!,. fP!R(OiP(0:S[E!D 'F'UJ-.t)'R!E !PffW,E:R ;p1:AiNIT" 'STTE :(see Fi·gure :v,-::5'). \Wih,e:n ·t!hre :en t.:Y rod:gij•na n.w ;a!J>:p·ro·v:ed ;a ·:s,ped fl,c Pta,n fo·,r th:e :e,n- 1t·ihr1e '.S!lil:Gi&!E fE1mdi1n:a Pla'n-,t lh:o'l:dli,mg:s. -~;n il<97l, t!h:e '.PJ,an s:h.o.w.e:d ,a•,n ,a.re-a :e,a'.sit 10ff Jiin-il:1eir:s1ta·t'.e 15 ,ain,d 1o·n t;he :S(o•Ut!h ,s,1:10,r.e .of ltfre L·a,g.o·o,n ,a:s •111F:11t.wr:e 1P,:0.w1e,r iP.llia1n-it ~Siit,e'11 • Jih:e 1Cii'ty"•s -a:p1pr,0°v,a~ ,s1p:ed·:flka.ny :n:ote,d ·,t'hat ·1t!h(e if1u•itu:.nr,e 1i;>O:a1n"it .w:a.-s· most ,aip;l1)lr(0N:e:d ia:n,d ,w,0:11·11,d :be t,re·a,ted ,a'.s ,a ~ne.w iaimcl ~sce1pra1r(ait1e ~aiPlP·11 :i:c:a·fi,:o:n j;f iamcei .Whe;n :S:D:G'&1.E 1d:e:s·li1re.d .to \b-11ihd ,a .. n:e,w ;p·n1amiL inh1e (C'li~t'Y" s lama T.l:s'e :E'fi1e;m·e,n-.t ,.o'if' ·,fh;e ,G:e.n.era 1 Pla1n 'S'.1:J!b,s:e:gru·e,n.t·~.o/ 1d:e:s·tt(gm,att1erd ·tth:e :s lite ,a,s :o,p:en 'Sip,a,ce•---,a·R1o'nfg '>w·;; :th ':t'he .re·st rof it'h e fPio,w,e,r -~-ijmre 'ttir,a,n:s:m·ls:sd(o;n (CfO!r,r·lhcto,r,. lnhte 'si,te ls ;p'r,e·s·ent~f ·u'.s:ed f101r ,a~girii (Cll'.fil \tmr;a·11 ;p1r,:ord,u·ct-:i ,o·n .. -~,. ·me (m:a·n11:Ltart;n ·tlhte 1 ,r;e,sre;nit lG:e:neir.a·~ P'l:a:n td.e,si :n:ait~ro;n ·f(o,r . 10;p,em ·'S!p;a:c,e ,am:d :k·e-e:p . tlhe ip;r,e:s:e·n t ·.u's:a:g:e ~ef ·t. ·e 'S'ii te ;a,s ,a it;r;am:s1m·ii:s:s·ii:o,n a imre • ,co-r:r·i(d[o:r,1/;a·g·r:i,c1u~ t;wra~ ,a,r,e,a.. .iA:s (d·tt,s(c;uss:e;d :iin ·,tih:e .a,g:r·,i,c1.U'l;t:u1r,al ·11m:p:a;ct 'S•e.cti'o;n, ·,th-e t0.m:a·t<o ,ctultt·n v;a1t;;(0:n rrnn t•h:e ~si:o:u·t!h 's;hro;r1e of iA:g:uia lke.d·ijio;r:i,d,a j s ·ii!m;p:oiritiamlt ttfo ib:oitih ·ct:1h:e ·i1c:otc:a ij ,ain:d ,re;g·i,ona ~ (e,c,ono:m_y.. :B,e- (Cia1wste ief is,iiz,e;, :P·,r:01te,c'ltd{Oin ·if;r:om ·u:r:ba:n (e,ncrcoa1c:hm.e,nt., ,arc,c1e,s,s'fi!b·;rn ·;h~·iY \te 101trh1er ,a(g:rii(c1u !ltu ra ~ :p:r:o,pe,r,t;te:s ,and 1actte(gtu,a·it,e :sco·ii'J Qrc"J ·;i.m:a'tt-;i ·c 1cro:n:a·;; .t:t ,o.n s,, ith.'i :S ip-r,01p:e\rt.v j ,s (C'a1p:a1b·:1ze iOff ,st□:st,a·~•n:-i,n:g ·,v-riiaib'lie .:a(g·d:c,u] ,t\11:ra'J ;produc:tii;on. :use (@if iairzeia ia:s 'it,r,am's•mii'.s·s iit0in ,c,o,r1r·nzd:0:r1Jt:oma·it(0 ·:f·ii.e~1d·s ;i:s rain 1e;xra·m:p,l,e (Ci:rf (e1f:f.e:c1t ihv:e rdtu:a·~ !U'S1a;~1e r0·f ,a iPir-.o;pe·,r,t,y. [ [ [ [ [ Q D C D a 0 € 0 G 0 D D (] D D D 0 D D D [] ' D u D u D 0 0 D :0 .u PROPOSED FIGURE ~V-5 -85-· 2. To designate the site as a future power plant. The prime motivation for desiring this site for future power plant use is, presumably, because of the proximity to cooling waters from the Lagoon. This would limit the potential use to either a fossil fuel generated plant or a nuclear plant. It is not even possible to use the site for a nuclear power plant because it is too close an urban population. The impacts of fossil fuel generating plants are well documented in the Encina 5 and Single Stack EI R. Such a project would generate substanti~l adverse air qualitv. hydrologic, and aesthetic impacts. These are especially signific~nt when considered in tandem with the effects of the existing Encina Power Plant. It is acknowledg~d that energy needs will be growing in the future. However, there has not been demonstrated a need for a generating facility at this iocation in the forseeable future. Preferable alternatives to fossil fuel generated electricity have be~n are are being developed. It is hoped that future power generation facilities would be located in less environmentally sensitiv~ areas, and would utilize technologies which ppti- mize energy conservation, decrease dependence on fossil fuels and minimize adverse environmental effects. -86- [ [ [ [ [ 0 f 0 Q 0 Q D C D a 0 € 0 Q D LJ I 00 ........ AGUA HEDIONDA_ SPECIFIC I PLAN, ' • LIQlf\lD : 1 ' IIUDY &HA - PLANNING-AHA--• J .. y···::¥.1 ........ Hi;IIDensity ... , ,RMH Higll Donlily ............... RH Noigl~cam,. ........ N llllc:ndil>n Canm. ......... RC T.-Services .......... : . TS Nan~lloserwl ... NRR 0pml Space ................ OS • ' E-.Y School .......... E ~Utili11a.: ............. u CITY OF CARI.S8AD GENERAL PLAN SCALI ---.r.,·. -5(10-~;--500 0 CJ CJCc::=:J 'i I , J . "I .r_, ,, I. /,. . • \ ~; \' \ -;, • \ . Y\, / . . ') ,.:. ::·:··~~' .. Jc\t}?~:~rf @) \ CJO CJ cJ CJ ·, •. ~. ' ··,,, ! -,_ ~·-· :-~d '•,\ =~-=; \· .• '. :· 11--· t:~~r-~~- LJ ------------------------------------·------------------------------------------- -!. co OJ I {I ALTERNATIVES MATRIX---SEE AREA MAP FOR KEY AGUA HEDIONDA SPECIFIC PLAN - Figure V-6 Area Gen. Special Conditions . ·•';li'Ex;;::ir.s;;:t:';ji;;:ng~T-,1'":::o:;:;w:;;er;:----r---;:;:r;:;~=-..1--,,.~::=-i~~r:.;.:=..:~:cr~;;;;.....--..L ____ -.-__ ......,..,....,. _ __. ______ I I ALTERNATIVE LAND USES -1 Higher Open Space/ Neigh.borhoo5l Recreation .1:'UD.1.:1.C· Other I II Plan or Resources'., ._ 'General Plan Densitv ---""'--:-------.===;...:_.......:..-r=:::.:...:=~___::;=:.:.z_-r:::.:.:::.::.!:l.-----+-.!!!2.!:.=.::::::;~:.-=-~~~~;:....;.1-----t-~.!:.==:.2.-i-------..:. Densitv A2riculture Commer.cial Utility .. l 0-S . 2 . R H 3 II .. .. 4 RMH ·' 5 II ·6 OS State beach subject to tidal Open Space , • •· Only viable u~e Not Open Space Not existing innudation to preserve . public access & Appropr;1ate ~ .-.a...;---,.1 ----•--••-~+~nc-- Appropriate see special discuss~on on SDG&E north shore . property mixture of older single allows gradual· Would General Plan Not family & (llulti-family conversion to. el i11J,.inate does no.tallow Appropriate residences. higher moderate higher density largely developed density use priced housing in area "· s·ee special discus sion on ECKE property I• n , .. •1 Area in tran sitionfr~r11 single family. Higher density n:iay gel}erate ~ ot appropriate Not Appropriate Recreation Not appropri~te use existing Possibility fo" neighborhood ~ 1 recreation facilities II Outer Agua Hedionda Lagoon. Fishing areaOpen space; Small fishing Used for natural habitat, i'lo other usi Not Not " " ,, ., area existing Power plant · source of cooling possible Appropriate Appropriate cooling I because of water ·,-r--· • ..;._tp.wne,a -w-te-_el"-_r __ p.nf+-o ,~ _r -1+"'t-E-nc_i _n a...;..--f-:-1.:.:. n:.:.:u::.:n:.:.:d::.:a::..t::_l:.:· O::_:n:_j-_ _;_ __ _jf--------+------+-------\-----_;~ ___ ....:__-4-___ __._-l\ existing use Plant's 7 u Encina Power Plani storage yards, oil storage facilities Public utility use presently committed ~CJ ., " C:::Jre=J c:::::J~ C:::J Not Appropriate Cl lJ expected future life span in excess 20 vs I co I.O CJ C=:J .CJOc:::=i·: c) CJ I . Area Gen. Special Conditions .. , Existing Q Plan or Resources· ., ·-General Plan ·cannon· Park Open space/ 8 OS small ·neighborhood. park-existing park use - single family area, . residential largely developed; low medium some scattered -density ex-9 RLM greenhouses isti ng use • ' existing gas·-station trc}vel servic TS adjacent :to freeway commercial 10 off ramp existing area -.. ' specia'.1 ·discus-·-·· ·see '. RMH sion for PAPAGAYO 11 .. .. I middle Agu~·Hedionda open space Lagoon--_na tura l habi-existing use . , OS 12 tat, existing YMCA no other use facility. .. _possible be- cause of inundation existing neighborhood shopping center neighborhood 13 N adjacent to freeway commercial- offramp existing use I existing high density,· I residential ' I ·.aoartment oro.iect high density ! with adjacent vacant i 14 RH lot I I Ll C:=JOCJ LJ LJ Figure V-6.(cont.) AGUA HEOIONDA SPECIFIC PLAN I ALTERNATIVE LAND USES 'l · Lower Higher Open Space/ Neignbornoo~ l:'UDl.l.C· Densitv Densitv A2riculture Commercial Recreation Utility Other Not Not Existinq Not Existing ,. Not Appropriate Appropriate open space Appropr.iate facilities Appropriate. Incompatible Scattered with exist-Incompatible agricultural Possibility fo with exist-neighborhood i ng • devel OP-: use, but l im-h I.' " ' ing develop-recreatipn ment·· ment ited economic facilities • potential ·for , __ ,. __ -~----'-r~ ~ -,,-= ~ production -Not Not Not Not Existing Appropriate Appropriate commercial use Appropriate -Appropriate .. -' .. -.. -; rr existing ., .. • -l II II existing Not .~ I• .. .. " rerreational .. open sp~cE: .. Appropriate -.. . .. use-1 imi ted tc . non power boa1s Not Appropriate Existing Not " '~ <I • ,, ., commercial use Appropriate •. --, : ~ j: '• \ l ' ::. ~ ~ ' would make no higher because of ace els~· existing density " ,, problems, this ~ I• ii H development allowed in would not be inconsistent General Plan appropriate extension of commercial uses .. Area •.. "II' : , I I..O 0 I I 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 • . , Gen. Plan RMH ' RC RM RLM RH OS . OS Special Conditions -· or Resources· ., • ·- also see discussion on Snug Harbor see discussion on Snug Harbor Undeveloped shoreline property--some steep embankments, see disc. Snug Harbor/Whitey's Landing existing single family area, largely developed partially·developed high density, recrea- tion oriented resi-dential:see disc. Bristol nu,., TnnPr lannnn-soecial natural habitat, • recreation(boating • area) . transmission corridor,; agricultural area: see discussion on future power plant Figure V-6 (cont.) AGUA HEDIONDA SPEC1FIC PLAN I ALTERNATIVE LAND.USES ·1 Existing Lower Higher Open Space/ Neignoornoo~ .t'UDJ.l.C General Plan • Densitv Densitv A~riculture Commercial Recreation Utility Other " ,· see Discuss ion Not on Snug Harbor Appropriate .. ,- / residential single family it is doubtful it is propose, only specializ1 d see discussi on medium density density would because of thE that public bg~@@µc9[ie~~o d Snug Harbor l II II poorly utilize terrain & spec . access be residential this area due design consid. be provided appropriate Whitey's Lan< ing to terrain that· area coul kL a 1 onn Laooon see: disc.on 1.rh;+,,.,1 c:: I ~n,ii,in residential would be incon .. support. n, gnei ·a. ·Jron_Layc low medium sistent with would be in-some scattere, Not appropri at, Is proximate densi ty:-same a existing consistent "family aper-to existing exi_sti ng use ,development with existing ation" agric. parks & rec-II II development reation . -.. .. +-~-•1;+;-- residential see Discussiorrr no· higher den. agriculture has existing high density portion of all owed in· not appropria e . private boati ng exi stir'.1g use . Bristol Cove General Plan _shoreline ace_, ss ·" ff ·II II & recreati om l !:hould be facilities considered open space Not Not. existing II II subject to Appropriate Appropriate open space existing boa ing. If II• & fishing inundat-ion,no . .other use ' appropriate open space recreational see discussio1 II II exisiting II II -use is probal lyon future use incompatible power plant with agri'C. unless total y separar.ect c::;, CJ CJ C::Jrt,17 17 r-7 LJ CJ 'c:J CJOCJ CJ CJ CJ CJ c:::JO CJ cJ CJ LJ t, '•.· Figur~ V-6 (cOnt.) AGUA HEDIONDA SPECIFIC PLAN , .. 'Area I ALTERNATIVE LAND USES ·1 Gen. _Special Conditions .. , Existing Lower Higher· Open_Space/ Neignoorhoo~ l:'UOJ.l.C 11 Plan or Resources· ., General Plan Densitv Densitv Agriculture CollUllercial Recreation Utilitv Other ·-! I "· .. Not ; 22 OS proposed City Park Not Not small segment! Not Recreation Appropri.at open space Appropriate facilities to be ' presently vacant & existing use Appropriate Appropriate of agric. on J I : partially cultivated property may e constructed or ly I . contains significant ~reserved,~~s• ibl ity in· envfronment ially .. ,_ ..... ,-1 .... ...,,.... suhable area• nao1i;ai; a,-.,a .• -"J . . ·-'°· .. see discussion on - 23 RLM Papagayo r ... .. .. : .. ' ;~ -would accomo-vould not be .. on site rec"rea vacant a·rea-transition esidential Not II II tion : RM. date single compatible with II II 24 between s~ngle family medium family subdiv. surroundinQ Appropriate would be desi, able • & multi family/poss. density possible proximate•: , 1 uture .. I arch01iogical rcesources areas •·· Laguna Rivie, a Park· ' fincrease unit . I .. ·--r _. .. 1 •·, .. existing sJngle resi denti a 1 • Not If' II II II II Not II II RLM family neighborhoods low medium -Mpropriate Appropriate on site rec re, tion 25 density-exist ,. at future D.agt na use • I • Riviera Park I ' . -.. - park site, partially rr partially devE loped ·--, .. developed with tennis park/open space II II existing 11. II II-II II II :• .park_ 26 'OS courts existing use .. -open space . . -.. ' future elementary elementary playgrounds II II in conjuction II II school site school II II II II I to supplemen with park 27 E vacant, graded lot I park facil it es '. ' i . . . . . Not existing small neighborhood II II Not Existing use II II commercial " II , Appropri_a te 28 N shopping center existing use . Appropriate . - ---------------------------------------------------------- Figure V-6 (cOnt.) AGUA HEDIONDA SPECIFIC PLAN I . I AL TE~NATIVE LAND USES -,. ... ·Area Gen, Special Conditions --·• Existing Lower .Higher Open Space/ ~e1gnoornoo_e1 .l:'Ub.l.l.C· Other n -Plan or Resources-., ;_ General Plan Densitv Densitv Aericulture Commercial Recreation Utilitv I, Recreation Not Not Existing Open Within flood-Same as Neigh-Not Vacant pastureland; plain and partl •. 29 RC Adjacent to floodplain, CoD1111ercial. Appropriate. Appropriate. Space/Agricul-borhood Com-Appropriate, ture, within proposed mercial, Habitat . if~)fsition . 30 E Vacant; relatively .. Rec1:eation Elementary Not .. Not Existing Open Not Not flat pastuteland . Facilities in adjacent to floodplain. School. Appropriate. Appropriate. Space/ Agricul-Appropriate. _ Conjunction Appropriate, ture. with School. Vacant; steep slopes Residential Already at Inconsistent 31 RL covered wi~h chaparral; Low Density; Existing Open Not Not Not I Some tomato production, 0-2 d,u./acre. Lowest possi-with Space. Appropria t_e. Appropriate, Appropriate, ble. General Plan, I Vacant; ·wid~ variety ' ; 32 RM of terrain ~nd Residential Would increase Inconsistent Existing Open Not Not Not vegetation;·partly Medium • Unit price. with Spac~. Appropriate, Appropriate. Appropriate, within floodplain 4-10 d,u,/acre General Plan, .. acquisition area, I .. -.. - ~ Vacant; adjacent to See Appendix ., 33 RMH floodplain, special on Agua See Appendix. See Appendix Existing Open. Not Not Not ! habitat areas, Hedionda Lagoo ~ Space. . Appropriate. Appropriate. Appropriate . Acquisition Pronosal. Vacant; within airport Nonresidential Not Not Desirable Future Commer-. --· May be suit--Future Indus- 34 NRR ~oise and hazard Reserve. Not Appropriate. Appropriate. Interim or cial Use possi-Adjacent to able for· trial Use· l!.mpact area. appropriate Permanent Use. ble, but cannot !Recreation future possible, -but for residentia -be determined k\rea. Transportation cannot be -now. Corridor. determined no~ . l\gua Hedionda Creek . See Appendix 35 OS on Agua t'loodplain; special Hedionda Lagoo1 --------.-- abitat area, ---- Acquisition . Proposal. . c::=:J ~ CJ C7 t7 17 LJ I I.C w I CJ C__~ ' c==J O CJ , Area Gen. Special Conditions tJ Plan or Resources· ., I Special Habitat 36 RMH Area. See Appendix on Agua Hedfonda Lagoon Acquisition. - ·, , ' . .. ._ ' c=? CJ .. Existing . -General Plan Residential Medium High Density. / . u CJ CJ ~ c=JOCJ cJ CJ LJ Figure V-6 (cOnt.) AGUA HEDIONDA SPECIFIC PLAN : I ALTERNATIVE LAND USES ·t Lower Higher Cpen _Space/ Neignborhoo~ Recreation !'UOJ.l.C Densitv Densitv Ag:dculture Colll!!lercial Other Utility See Special ---Discussion on ------------ Proposed R-V Park. ,. • ------ ' - - '· - ' . V I . THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOCAL SHORT TERM USES OF MAN's ENVIRONMENT AND THE 'MAINTENANCE AND ENHANCEMENT OF LONG-TERM PRODUCTIVITY. • The cumulative long-term impacts of the proposed. Agua Hedionda Specific Plan are essentially the inevitable impacts of residential development and its resultant increase in use of the environment by man. These cumulative long-term ~ffects are: loss of open space, loss of integrated biological communities, increases in exhaust emissions, increases in the demand for buil ding materials, increases in energy demands, and increases in the demand for p~blic services. Q One of the primary purposes of this environmental impact report and the reiultant Specific Plan is the long-term protection of the environment through,·ntelligent and controlled development. Sensitive and vital habita areas will be preserved and enhanced. In addition, the policies of the Specific Plan will attempt not only to assure that development does not adversely affect resources but also sets forth clearly the manner in which development can be accommodated to complement resource preservation policies. The ultimate goal is compatible use of the enviro~ment by man and nature. -94- [ D C D u D Q D C D 0 0 € D Q D D D D {] D LJ D 0 D. D D £] D ~ D u 0 0 D D D • VII. ANY IRREVERSIBL'E CH-ANGES WHICH WOULD' .BE INVOLVED-;IN-THE. PROPOSED ACTION SHOULD IT BE IMPLEMENTED.:· . :_ .. -, ---. > -. . . Con-st.ruction of a project ·will preclude the, use of-the site for other purposes. Space occupied by buildings and pavement will be permanently co~mitted. • D~velopment of the property will irreversibly alter the existing landforms. Removal of vegetation will eliminate. faunal habitats, thereby resulting in the-permanent displac~- ment of some animal species which occupy the site. -• Air qu~lity will be impacte~ by the increase in auto mobile usage and electrical energy consumption caused by .the project. This change will be irreversible until substitutes for the intefnal combu~tion engine and fossil fuel power generating plants are found. \ Raw materials, fuel, capital ·and labor wtll be .irrever sibly committed dµrfng the constructi6n phase of the project. Natural g~s, water, electricity and gasoline will be committed on a long term basis. -95- VIII, GROWTH INDUCING IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED ACTIVITY UPON THE NEIGHBORHOOD AND/OR COMMUNITY. The project could induce growth in the following ways: .\ A. By building more housing units, more persons will be able to migrate into the City. B. By creating jobs through the construction and maintenance of the project and also for operation of the commercial u~e,. more persons will be enco~raged to move to the area~ C. By providing commercial and recreational amenit1es, more persons may be attracted to the area. D. By extending services and increasing property values (and taxes), development in surrounding areas may be hastened. The study area, when fully developed, will result in up to 7,696 dwelling units. This would probably result in a population of up to 18,276 depe~ding on the size and type of units. The project could indirectly induce growth by stimulating the development of adjacent properties. By extending public services, and providing commercial services, it becomes more feasible for other properties to develop. Also, the proj'ect could cause property taxes on surrounding vacant land to increase, thereby encouraging development. -96- [ D C D LJ D ( D [J D Q D u D a 0 € D Q D D D 0 ~ 'D TI D 0 D D 0 u 0 ~ D u D 0 0 D D u LIST OF AGENCIES CONSULTED ~an Diego Coast Regional Commission RECON (Rick ~nvironmental Consult~nts) Rick Engineering Company Scripps Institute of Oceanography San Dieg0 C1unty Farm Adviser's Office State Department of Fish and Game State Department of Parks and Recreation Army Corps of Engineers State Lands Commission City of Carlsbad Utilities Department Environmental Protection Agency San Diego Gas and Electric California Coastal Zone Conservation Commission Carlsbad Unified School District Alan M. Voorhees Dr. Jack Bradshaw, University of San Diego State Department of Health, Education and Welfare State Office of Planning and Research Comprehensive PJanning Organization U. S. Energy Research and Development Admin. U. S. Dept. of Health, Education and Welfare President's Council on Environmental Quality U. S. Dept. of Commerce U. S. Dept. of Agriculture San Diego Office of Environmental Management -97- . j Archaeological Fellowship S. D. Regional Water Quality Control Board S. D. Sanitation and Flood Control S. D. Air Pollution Control District -98- C D C D LJ 0 ~ D [J D Q D u D a D ~ 0 Q D D -• ---... ----·-----... D D D 0 D D 0 [] 0 )] D u D 0 D [] D {] ------····-· . -··-·-···---- BIBLIOGRAPHY Bardach, John E., .John H. Ryther and Willi.am O.--McL·arney 1974 Aquaculture. John Wiley and· S"ons, New York, New York. Bes:~er~r Seward ·1 ., Farm Advis~·r, Cooper.ative Agric_ultural Extensionr San Dieg~i California. Bradshaw, Jack, Environmental_ Studies Laboratory·, Vniversity of San Di~go, Sah Diego, California. . ,. . , ~ Brown and Caldwell, ·Consulting Engineers 1971 Encina Regional Se~~rage Survey. Alhambra, California. • • Browne, A. W.~ Tomato·Grower, San ~iego· Cqunty Browning,-Bruce, California Department of Fish and Ga_me, Sacramento, California .. Buckner, Robert S., San Diego County Department of Agriculture, San Diego, California. Burkland and Associates 1973 Geotechnical Inves-tigations for General Plan ·Revisions. Mountain View, Cali-fornia. ,;r Californi~ Coastal Zone Conservation Commissio~ 1 9 7 5 • Ca 1 i f or n i a Co a s ta 1 P 1 a n . S a cram e n to , Ca l i fo r n i a . California Division of Mines· and Geology 196;3 ·' Mines and Mi nera 1 Resources· ·of San Di ego -;County California.' San Francisco, California .. City of Carlsbad 197& Final .Environmental Impact Report for the La .Costa Master Plan. Carlsbad,·Californi~. City of Carls.bad 1974 General Plan, Cirtulation El~ment. Carlsbad, California. City of Carlsbad 1 9 7 4 Gen er a l P l a n ~ la n d Us e E 1 em ·eh t. , Ca r l s b a d ~. • Ca 1 i for n ;i a . City of Carlsba4 1975 Gefl~ral Plan, ·Noise Element. Carlsbad, Califo~nia. Coe, Jack J._, "S~arching for California's Inland Sand S6urces", 1966 Shorelan_d_ and Beach Dep.artment of, Water Resources. Volume 34·. -99- Comprehensive Planning tirganizatton 1974 Model Seismic Safety Element. San Diego~ California. Daniel, Mann, Johnson and Mendenhall, Planners 1972 Airport Noise Study for San Diego County. Los Angeles, California. Devoe, Frank~ San Diego Gas and Electric Company, San Diego, California. Dingman, R., Unpublished Data on Wildlife of Agua Hedionda. 1975 • · • Ellis, A. J., "Geology and Groundwaters of San Diego County, California", 1919 U.S. Geologic Survey, Wate~ Supply Paper 446, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Federhart, James W. 1976 Agua Hedionda Traffi~ Study. Allen M. Voorhees, San Diego, Californi~. Flechsig, Art 0., Marine Advisor, Cooperative Agricultural Extension, San Diego, California. Fries, Alice, Unpublished Data on B1rds of Agua Hedionda 1975 Lagoon. Hall, Bernarr1J., Farm Advisof, Cooperati~e Agricultural Extension, San Diego, California. Hi g g e n s , Eth e.l B . 1949 Annotated Distributibnal List of the Ferns and Fl~wer ing Plants of San Didgo County, Califorhia. San Diego Society of Natural History, Occasional Paper No. 8, San Diego, California. Hollins, Carolyn, San Diego Gas and ~lectric Company, San Diego~ California. Ingles, Lloyd 'G. 1965 Mammals of the Paciftc States. Stanford Untversity Press, Stanford, California. Inman, D. • L . , 1952 Areal ~nd Seasonal V~riations in Beach and Nearshore· Sedim~nts at La J6lla, Califdrnia. Ph.D. Thesis, Scripps Ihstitute of Oceanography, La Jolla, California. Ihman, D.· L. and Frautschy, J. D., 1966 Littoral Process and the Development of Shorelines, Coastal· Engineering Proceedings of the Santa Barbara. Specialty Conference. • -100- [ [ C -0 [j D ( D Q D Q D C D 0 D € D 0 D C D D 0 D D D 0 u 0 0 D [] D {] Kaldenberg, Russell L., Archaeologist,;Cou-nty of San Diego, • San Diego, California. Keen, Elm~r A. . A Syllabus for.Marine Geo 1raphy, ·.San Diego. State University, San Diego·, Ca ifornia .. _. Livermore, Norm~n 8., . • .1967 Water Quality Control Policy for Mission Bay Including Tidal Prism 6f sari Dieg6 River arid Ag~a Hedionda Lagoon. San Diego, California: San,Diego Water Oualitv Control Board. Mason, Herbert L. 1969 A Flora•· of the Marshes of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. McVey, John, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, LosAnqeles, California. Miller~ 1966 Joyce, The Present an~ Pait Molluscan Faunas and Environments of Four Southetn Califd~riia:Lagdons. Masters Thesis, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, California. ·Minnick, Roy, State Lands Commission,· State of California, Sacramento, California. Munz, P. A. 1974 • A Southern California Flora. Berkeley, California. Peters on, . Roger T. 1961 A Field Guide to We~tefn Birds: Moughton Mifflin, Boston, Massachusetts. Reid, George K. 1961 .-Ecology of Inland Waters. and Est~aries, New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, New York: Rick Environmental Consultants . 1976 Preliminary Environmental Information for the Rancho Agua Hedionda RV Park. Riggan, :Royce B.,B_iologist, RECON, Sa_n Diego, California. Sams, Charles E. and' Ken St'a.tt,-J'r. 1959 Birds of San Diego County.California. San Diego, California. San Diego City Planning Commission 1970 • Report on Coastal Lagoons of San Diego County. San Diego, Cali'fornia .. •. -101- San Diego County Air Pollution Control Tiistrict 1974 Air Pollution Quarterly. Annual Report, Volume 3, No. 5, San Diego, California. San Diego County Department of Sanitation and Flood Control 1973 Hydrology Manual. San Diego, California. San Diego County Environmental Development Agency 1972-Natural Resource Inventory of San Dieg6 Cdunty. 1973 Unpublished studies in series, San Diego, California. San Diego County Flood Control District 1969 Design and Procedure Manual. Department of Special Ser¼ices Flood Control Division, San Diego, California. San Diego County Parks and Recreation Department 1972 Regional Parks Implementation Study. San Diego, California. Sandy, Joseph P. 1975 A Lagoon Habitat, Agua Hedionda Lagoon. Unpublished Report, San Diego, California. Schubel, J. R. 1971 The Estuarine Environment, Estuaries and Estuarine Sedimentation, Washington, D.C.: American Geological Institute. Scott, Stanley 1975 Govehning California's Coa~t, Institute of Governmental Studies, University of California, Berkeley,California. Smith, Kent, California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, California. Speth, John, California Department of Fish and Game, Sacramento, California. State of California, Department of Fish and Game 1976 The Natural Resources of Agua Hedionda Lagoon. "Draft Copy", Sacramento, California. ' State of 1971 Calif~rnia, The Resources Agehcy Interim Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin., State Water Resources Board, Sacramento, California. Surynt, Richard, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles, California. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles, California 1955 Data for Inspection by B~ach Erosion Board, Los Angeles: Government Printing Office. "Beach Erosion". -102- [ [ [ D LJ D ~ D [J D D C D [J D € D 0 0 C ------------------------------------------------------ D D lJ D u D LJ 0 0 D D D {] D [] D 0 l] D :D- , :[] I •• I U.S. Army Corps o1 Engine~rs 1973 Flood Plain Information, Agua Hedionda Creek Los Ang~les, California. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service 1973 Soil Survey, San Di~~o, California. U.S. Department of the Interior,· Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife .1972 ·:Southern Califor,nia-Estuar.i,es and Coasta-1 Wetlan-ds. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Van 01st, Jon C. and Jam~~ M. CarlberQ Use of Thermal Effluent in Culturing the American Lobster. Unpublished Paper, San Diego, California. Weiss, Ronald, U,S~ Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles, California. Wood, W. E., Agricultural Economist, Cooperative Agricultural Extension, University of California, Riverside. California. Zarnecki, S.,. 11 Algae and Fish Relationships", 1971 Algae, Man, and the Environment. University Press, Syracuse, New York. Ze.dler, Joy 1974 Environmental Evaluation Planning Project: Los Penasguitos Lagoon, San Diego, California. -103- LIGIND lfUDT All& - 1 . . . ............ LANDSUDES 2 ................ ALUMUM 3 .......... LA JOI.LA GR0IJ> --........ FlOOD PLAIN FLOOD PLAIN -GEOTECHNICAL HAZARDS KALI c::JO CJ Ill I I CJ CJOCJ c=JCJ I _/ ------ \ LJ c:::J L] --Ci)" n, ,0 r-)::,, 0 "U G) . "U ..... n, n z C, C ,___. .;2:-.;x ::; )::,, I U> D 0 l] I 1 0 ~ D LJ D 0 D D D {] D u ;o ' ,0 :D :o ' ' )] I APPENDIX B .SOILS • 1: ; ; . '. Altamont::·.clay, 15 to-30 percent slopes,. eroded (AtE2) .This soil is moderately steep and, because of moderate,sheet erosion, is 20 to 28 inches deep over shale. The·ava,lable water holding c:apacity is 3 to 4 inches. In other features, thi~ soil is similar to Altamont clay, 15 to 30 percent slopes. UnJ,e cla.Y loam is the predominant soil included in mapping. Thi;~ Altamont-soil is used mainly for range, A few areas are used fcir• toniatos. Capability unit IVe-5 (19); ~layey range site. ,. Carlsbad g:ravell.Y loam.y sand, _2to 5·percent slopes (CbB). This soil is gently sldping_and is 36 to 39 inches deep over a hardpan. Runoff i~ slow, and the erasion ha2ard slight. In other features, this soil .is similar to _ Canlsbad gravelly loamy sand,. 5 to ·9 percent slopes. • • !~eluded in mapping are small areas of Chesterton soils and.Marina soils. Also included are areas of soils that do not have a hard~an~ ·'. ··r Tbfs Carlsbad soil is used for tr~ck crops, citrus, flowers, and raryge .. Capability unit IIIe-8 (19); Sandy range site. Carlsbad gravelly loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes (CbC). This moderat~ly _sloping soil is on ridges. The ~lope averages 5 percent. Fertility is medium. Drainage is moderately good. Permeability is moderately.rapid above the hardoan and very slow in the pan-. Tbe available water.holding capacity is 4 .,to 4.5 inches. Runoff is slow to medium~ and the erosion hazard slight to moderate. The rooting depth is 32 to 3,9 inches. . . This soil is used for truck crops, citrus, flowers, and range, and for · • housing developments. Capability unit IIIe-8 (19); San_dy range site .. .earl sbad .,gravel Jy loamy sand, 9 .to 15 percent slopes (CbD). This soi 1 • is. strongly · . slopirig and is 26 to 39 inches deep over a hardpan. The available water . holdiri~ capacity is 3.5 to 4.5 {nches. Runoff is medium, and the ero~ion hazard moderate. In other features, this soil is similar to Carlsbad gravelly loamysand, 5 to 9 percent slopes. - lncluded in mapping are small areas of Chesterton soils, Marina soils, and Re~ding soils. Also included are areas of soils that do not have a hardpan. • . ,· ; . . . .'•, '\ _'.\ / •' . : :' This Carlsbad soil is used for citrus, flowers·, and range and for. housing developments. Capability un·it r'Ve-8 (19); Sandy range site. B-1 APPENDIX B (2) Carlsbad gravelly loamy sand, 15 to 30 percent slopes·(cbE,). This soil is _ moderately steep and is 20 to 37 inches deep over a hardpan. It is well drained. The available water holding capacity is 3 to 4.5 inches. Runoff is medium to rapid, and the erosion hazard moderate to high. In other features, this soil is similar to· Carlsbad gravelly loamy sand, 5 to 9 percent slopes. • Included in mapping .are small areas of Chesterton soils, Marina .soils, and -R~dding· soils. Also included are areas of soils that do not have a hardpan and areas where part of the surface layer has been removed by sheet. erosion. This Carlsbad· soil· is used for range and for housing developments. • Capa bility unit VIe-8 (19);. Sandy range site. Coastal beaches (Cr) occurs as gravelly and sandy beaches along the Pacific Ocean where the shore is washed_ and rewashed by ocean waves. Part of this land type is likely to be covered withwater duririg high tide and stormy periods. It supports no vegetation and is of no value for farming and ranching. Capability uni.t VIIIw-4 (19). Diablo clay, 2 to 9 percent slopes (DaC).This soil is gently sloping to mod_erately sloping and is 34 to 40 inches c!eep over rock. The available water holding capacity is 5 to 6 inches. Runoff is slow to medium, and the erosion hazard slight to moderate. In other features, this soil is similar to Diablo clay, 15 to 30 percent slopes. InGluded in mapping are small areas of Linne soils, Altamont soils, arid Olivenhain soils. • • - This Diablo soil is used for tomatoes, dryfarmed barley, and housing developments. Capabilii:y unit Ile-5 (19). Diablo clay, 15 to 30 percent slopes, eroded (DaE2_): This soil is 20 to 32 inches • deep over rock. Sheet erosion has been moderate. The available water holding capacity is 3.5 to 4.5 inches. In other features, this soil is similar t.o Diablo clay, 15 to 30 percent slopes. • Included· in mapping are small areas of Linne clay loam, Altamont soils, and Olivehain soils. In many places the Linne soil occurs in eroded ·areas just below the ridgetops. ~ • This Diablo sb'il is used for range, tomatoes, dryfarmed grain, and housing developments. Capability unit IVe-5 (19); Clayey range site. Gaviota_fine sandy loam, 9 to 30 percent slopes (GaE). This rolling to ~illy .soil 1s on 4plands. The slope averages 27 percent. Fertility is low. Permeability is moderately rapid. The.available water holding capacity isl inch to 2 inches. Runoff is medium to ·rapid, and the erosion hazard moderate to high. The rooting depth is 9 to 20 inches. B-2 0 C D u 0 C D 0 D C D [] D 0 Q D Q ,l] I 10 ~ D u D 0 D D D {] D u rO I 0 :o !D I :o /J I '. .~PPENDiX B {3)-· This soil is used mainly for watershed :·and sma.ll housing developments. A limited acreage is in range. Cap:ability unit VIe-8 (19); Shal_low Loamy rang~site. • • Gaviota fine'sandy loarv,30 to 50 percent slopes (GaF).This soil is stee'p and is 9 to.J8 inch.es c.leep over sandstone. Runoff is rapid, and_ the ~rosion -·--.. - hazard is high. In other features, this soil is similar ·to ·Gaviota fine . ··sandy.-loam,-9 to'30 percent s_lop~s. Inclu~ed ~n mapping are small ar~as of Linne soils, Diablo soils, and HuerhQero soils. • • "Th:is Gaviota soil is used for range and watershed. Capability unit V LI e-~ ( 19); Sha 11 ow Loamy range site. · 1 I Huerhuero lo~m, 2 to 9 percent s~opes (Hr~). This soil is gently sloping and unc:lulating. Low, broad-.based hummocks, locally called mimamounds, occur· iri undisturbed areas. _The slope is dominantly 2 to 5 percent. •• . . . F~-rtility is low to medium'. Permeability is very slow. The available water holding capacity is 4 to 5i5 inches; some moisture is available.from th·e 'clay subsoil. Runoff -is slow to medium, and the erosion hazard slight to.moderate. The rooting depth is 20 to 43 inches. This soil is used mainly for ~ange, irrigated truck crops, tomatoes, ~nd flowers. Small acreages are used for housing developments. Capability urtit IIIe-3 (19); Claypan range site. Huerhuero loam, :15 to 30 percent slooes, eroded (HrE2).This soil is moder~tely steep and, beca~se of mrderate sheet and rill erosion, has an effective rooting depth of 20 to 36 inches. The available water flolding capacity is 3.5 to 4.5 inches. Runoff is medium to rapid, and the erosiorr hazard mqderate to high. -In other features, this soil is similar to Huerhuero. lpamJ 5 to 9 pe~cent slopes. Inciuded in mapping are small areas of Las Flores soils, 0livehain soils, and Loamy alluvial land--Huerhuero·complex. This Huerhuero soil is used for range. Capability unit VIe-3 (19); Claypan range site. • • • Las Flores loarriy fine sand, 2 to 9 percent slopes (LeC)· This soil is not eroded. . It-is gently sloping_ to moderat~l_y: sloping·_apd ba~ 1m. l8. to. 24 inch sur face layer. The rooting depth is 20 to 40 ·inches. The available water holding capacity is 4 to 5 inches·. Runoff is slow to medium, and the erosion·hazard slight to:moderate. In other features, this soil is similar to Las Flores loamy fine sand, 9 to 15 percent slopes, eroded. Included in mapping ari small areas of Diiblo soils, H~erhuero soils, B-3 APPENDIX B (4) Linn~ soils, and ~everely erode~ Las Fl~res soils. - This Las Flores soil is used for flowers, range, truck crops. and housing developments. Capability unit IVe-3 (19); Claypan range site. Las Flores loamy fine sand, 9 to 15 percent slopes, eroded (LeD2). This rolling soil is on upl&nds. The slope averages 10 percent. ,' 1 -~ Fertility is low to medium.· Permeability is very slow. The available water holding capacity is 3 to 4 inches; some moisture is available from the sandy clay subsoil. Runoff is medium, and the erosion hazard moderate. The rooting depth is about 16 to 26 inches. Erosion has been moderate.· This soil is used for flowers and for range. Capability unit IVe-3 (19); Claypan range site. Las Flores loamy fine sand, 15 to 30 percent s-lopes (LeE). This soil is moderately steep but is not eroded. The rooting depth is 16 to 28 inches. The available water holding capacity is 2.5 to 3.5 inches; moisture is slowly available from the sandy clay subsoil. Runoff is medium to rapid, and the erosion hazard moderate to high. In other features, this soil is similar to Las Flores loamy fine sand, 9 to 15 percent slopes, eroded. Included in mapping are small areas of Diablo soils, Huerhuero soils, and Linne soils. This Las Flores soil is used for range. Capability unit VIe-3 (19); Claypan range site. Las Flores loamy fine sand, 15 to 30 percent slopes, eroded (LeE2). This soil is moderately steep. The rooting depth is 16 to 26 inches. Rill and aully erosion are evident. The available water holding capacity is 2 to 3inches; moisture is slowly available from the sandy clay subsoil. Runoff is medium to rapid, and the erosion hazard moderate to high. In other features, this soil is similar to Las Flores loamy fine sand, 9 to 15 percent. Included in mapping are areas of Diablo soils, H~erhuero soils,arid Linne soils. • This Las Flores soil is used for range.·· • Capability unit VIe-3 (19); Claypan range site. Las Flores-Urban land complex, 2 to 9 percent slopes (LfC).This complex occurs on upla·nds, at elevations of 100 to 500 feet. The landscape has been altered through cut and fill operations and leveling for building sites. Before cut and fill operations and leveling, the slope was 2 t6 9 percent. The material exposed in the cuts consists of soft marine sandstone. The material in the fills is a mixture of loamy fine sand and sandy clay and soft marine sandstone. Cuts and.fills should be determined by onsite B-4 Q D 0 C D Li D C D Q D D D [r D C D a 0 [) i D '0 ,l] I D LJ D 0 0 D D {] D u D 0 fD D i iu I APPENDIX B (5) iriyestigation. Between the leveled building lots are rnoclerately steep. escarpments that are easily eroded. ~ • • •• The entire acreage is used for homesites. Loam alluvial land--Huerhuero com·lei~ 9 t6 50 etteht sloes~ seV~tel ~toded LvG3 This .cornplex occurs on old coastal ridges. The landscape-is one of strongly sloping to steep, severely eroded soils and alluvial fill along drainage ways. Shallow rills and gullies have formed in most of the drainageways, ·at intervals of 5 to 25 feet. The elevation ranges from sea level to 500 feet. • Remnants of Huerhuero loam, Carlsbad gravelly loamy sand, Chesterton fine· sandy loam, and other soils occupy the more gentle slopes~ There are many barren exposur~.s of soft mar.ine sediments, sandstone, and sh.ale. The areas of sandstone and shale are rolling to steep and have a network of very shallow drainageways. The H~erhue~o, ·carlsbad, and Chesterton soils ~re severeli eroded. The Huerhuero and Carlsbad soils have lost all of their original surface layer a~d about 75 percent of the subsoil. The Chestertbn soil has been ~rbded • down into the substratum. Spcirse coastal chapparal grows on these soils and in soft spots fo the sandstone and shale.. • Runoff is rapid, and erosion is severe. This complex is used for housing developments. It is of no value for· ,fatming or ranching. Capability unit VIIIs-1 (19). Made land (Md). Made land consists of smooth, level areas;that have be~n fiiled • with excavated and transported s6il.material, pQving ~aterial, and soil. material. dtedged fro111 l ago6ns, bays, and harbors. · • • • • • •· • Frequently.this land type is used for building sites. are in the vicinity of San Diego Bay and Mission·Bay. VI IIe-1 ( 19). . • . · The largest aieas. Cc:ipabi l i ty unit • •• Marina loamy coarse sand, 2 to 9 percent slopes (MlC). This undulating to gently rolling ~oil is Qn ridges. _T,he slope is dqrninantly 4-percent... .. ,.·:· • , ) ~" , .~ ••• ,. , : , : .; ',;-,, ; :~ .\:•., '· •~. •',1 '.~: /"1 ', t-·_. ' .~,~.~.~--~" Fertility is medium. P~rmeability·is rapid. The ~va'ilable wat~r ~ot~Hng capacity is 4 to .5. inches. Runoff is slow to medium, 0:n.d the ~r'.osion.. • hazard slight to,moderate. The tooting depth ,s more tba~·&o inches:: ' • '· .• ' This soil is used for avocados, ·citrus, tomat6es,.flowers (pl ..• lll),·ttuck crops, recreati6nal areas and housing developments: Cap~bili'ty.unJ:t;:· .. Ills-4 (19). • • • • . ·• ,_,,n_. •' . ; _;; <. ~t~; ··_ :·:. ... B-5 ,.. APPENDIX B (6) Marina loamy coarse sari<;l.9 to·3o percent slopes (MlE). This soil is rolling to hilly. Runoff is medium td rapid, and the erosion haza~d moderate to high. In other features, this soil is similar to Marina loamy coarse sand, 2 to 9 percent slopes. Included in m~pping are small areas of Carlsbad soils, Chestert6n so1ls, and Corralitds soils. This Marina soil is used._for avocados and citrus. Capability unit lVs-4 (19). Reiff fine sandy loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes (RkC). This soil is moderately sloping; Runoff is slow to medium, and the erosion hazard slight to moderate. In other features, this soil is similar to Reiff fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. -Included in mapping are small areas of Visalia soils, Ramona soils, and Pl a.centi a soi 1 s. In Land Resource Area 19, this soil is used for--avocados, citrus, truck • crops, tomatoes, flowers, orchards, and pasture. In Land Resource Area . 20, it is· used for pasture. Capability unit IIe-1 (19), IIIe-1 (20. Salinas clay loam, 2 to 9 percent slopes (SbC~. This soil is gently to moderately sloping .. Runoff is slow to medium, and ·the erosion hazard slight to moderate. In-~ther features, this soil is similar to Salinas clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes. • Included in mapping are small areas of Diablo soils, Huerhuero soils and Tujunga soils. This Salinas soil is used for citrus, truck crops, tomatoes, flowers, and l?asture. Capability unit.IIe-1 (19). ·steep gullied land (StG). Consists of strongly sloping to steep areas that are actively eroding into old alluvium or decomposed rock. It occurs as large individual gullies or as a network of many gullies in areas where the vegetative cover is sparse or has been severely depleted by grazing or fires. The vegetation is a _sparse cover of shrubs and annual grasses and forbs. Runoff is very rapid, and the erosion hazard very high. Capabi1ity unit VIIIe-1 (19,20). Terrace escarpments. (TeF_). Consists of steep to very steep escarpments and escarpment-1 i ke landsc'apes. The terrace escarpments occur on. the nearly even fronts of terraces or alluvial fans.-·. The escarpment-like landscapes occur between narrow flood plains ·& adjoining uplands and the very steep sides of drainageways that are entrenching into fairly level upl~nds. In most places there is 4 to 10 inches of loamy or gravelly soil over soft marine sandstone, shale, or gravelly sediments. The vegetation ranges from a sparse cover of brush and annual forbs and grasses on south- facing slopes, to a fairly dense cover on north-facing slopes . . B-6 Q D Q D C D [J D C D 0 D D D [] D D D 0 D D D D u APPENDIX B (7) Tidal flats (Tf). Occur as level areas that are periodically cover_e~ with tidal water. They are essentially barren. Thehigher parts that are seldom covered during high tide support a sparse salt-tolerant vegetation. The texture ranges from clay to very fine sand. Typically, the:m~terial has an excess of soluble salts. This land type is used-for wildlife habitat. Capability unit VIIIw-6 (19). Jujunga sand, Oto 5 percent slopes (TuB). ThJs soil is 6n alluvial fans and flpod plains. Slopes are dominantly 2 percent. Representative orofile: 35 feet south of San Luis Rey River channel on farm road thaf ~rosses flood plain, ·sE 1/4 of NW 1/4 of NW 1/4 sec. 18, T. ·11 S.; R. 4 W. Visalia sandy loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes (VaC). This soil is moderately sloping. Runoff is slow to medium, and the erosion hazard slight to moderate. In other features, this soil is similar to Visalia sandy loam, Oto 2 percent slop~s. Included in mapping are small areas of Greenfield soils~ Placentia 'soils, Ramona soils, and Tujunga soils. This Visalia soil is used for avocados, citrus, tomatoes, truck crop~, flo.wers, walnut, nursery stock, and range. Capability unit IIe-1 (19); Loamy range site. B-7 AGUA HEOIONDA SPECIFIC PLAN LIGIND IJUDT A■IA - ·SOI-LS MAP SOILS MAP D CJ~ CJoCJ ------------------------------------------------------------------ \ CJ CJ .CJ nc:::=:J -~ CJ C7 CJ I I I r __ J__ -______, --·-r--- 1 I -'· )::, -c, -0 rTJ z c:::, ...... >< cc _/ n I .... CJ Q:=J AGUA ' , . .,. ·, , :·~~.:,\ ~ • (\ ~ ;.f, ,.·. :,✓-• . ✓---~0-· ·-'~ \. ·.• HEDIONDA SPECIFIC PLAN -LIIUND ltUDY AIIA - fl&lilN&N■ AILI • -a.,_ I ................ L.AHDSLIDES 2 .......... : ...... ALllMUM J .......... LA J0U..A GR0II' ......... fLOtO PLAIN FLOOO PLAIN -GEOTECHNICAL HAZAR05 ICALI -·-·--51:io--~ 500 ----....... -----. ... . .... CJ0CJ l I cJ CJ LJ CJOC:=J c:=? CJ . . • ' , .. \ . • • '-: ·•'' • .. ""\ '. ::; .. =·:\· ' • I-·-· -. /--1, ~:-;·· LJ CJ I ........ \ "Tl ::i::,, r--u 0-U om ~-' <-.-·"Uc:, -...... J::io>< ..... Z("") ---~ D D (] D u D 0 0 D 0 [] D u 10 I[} D ·o :o [D ID I{] APPENDIX-D • WATER.QUALITY ....... ,.. __ " .. -~ ,, .• ~ -;:;.• ,·; ~ .y Request was made for determination of·Ortho-phosphate phosphorus, Total phosphate phosphoru~, Total Kjeldahl nitrogen, Ammonia nitrogen, Nitrate nitrogen, Nitrite nitrogen, and Organic nitrogen on ieven samples. The samples were received 4/14/7~@ 4:20 PM and stored in the tefrigerator. The following .results were obtained: SAMPLE No. 1 2 3 4 :5 6 7 o-.P04 p mg/1 <0.1 <0 .. 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.l <0-1 <0.1 Total F04_P rag/1 <0.1 <0.1 '' <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0 .. 1 <0.1 Kieldahl .N " • rag/1 < 0.1 o.-i <0.1 <0.1 0.5 0.1 <0.1 NH3 N I mg/1 < 0.1 < 0.1 <O.l <0.1 <0.1 <0.,1 <0.1 Orga:.'1.ic N mg/1 .. o.o 0.1 o.o o.o 0.5 0.1 o.o l{(I "~ • "'J ~ rag/1 0.21 o.oo 0.28 o .. 66 0.27 o.oo • 0.00 'IITQ N •• 2 .i. mg/1 o.oo . o.oo o.oo 0.01 0.01 o.oa • 0.00 pH 8 .. 2 8.1 8.2 8.0 8.4 8.,3 8.2 Chlcride rng/.1 18400 19250 19600 18700 438 18200 19400 Sample stations are located on the attached map. .. ,, ' \\~ D-1 1.jj L__J L_J AGUA HEDIONDA SPECIFIC llGIND SIUDT AIIA PLANNING AIIA L__J - Water Qua Ii ty Test Stations BASE MAP SCALI ___ ,_ -- 50()--0 50() I 1\1 I C=:JWC:::J .-< _.,,.;,._~·#\ .. - :. ,· .;,,-- l .. -...... ,. I APPENDIX / ... '_>.. -. ..J i.-·, .. I ' ··, , ... -.. -~-r=~:a..:.--J : -·. I t-. ''-~-:-----1. ... . ~ .... ' ----------------- ·"'----L ":-:-:--2 -:,) .. \'-_,,,_;,-- \ --------;,,Y L-, ~-J -- 3 \ I \ C> I I I c:J CJ LJ D .. \ --------------------------------------------------------- D o CJ D u -□- 0 D D D [] : 0-: :u i o· !D o· 0 O.' ,, '4 D·- 0 )J APPENDIX E FLORA AND FAUNA Species list 6n file with the City of Carlsbad' Planning Dept. include: 1. _Algae 2. Moll uska a. Bivalves -Pelecypoda b. Snails -Gastropoda 3. Segmented Worms -Ann~lida 4. Bristle Worms -Polychaeta 5. Anthropoda a. Amphipoda b. Isopod_a c. Decapqda Species lists included in this report: A: Floral Species ~-Finfish t .. ·. Amphibians and Re;--tiles D. Mammals E. Birds Numbers Within parentheses refer to habitat most frequently found: Sub tidal ( 1) Intertiday (2) Mari time ( 3) Up,l and ( 4) E--l ,. '· CARLSB ... IOOO ZOOO I . -::: . .f--"· .,~=--1.:_:_::::-.:J SCALI' IJI F[[f ·, 0.5 } s.:-~ •• ,., . ~:. ---~-."'.'"'"...;::1--"--:=-:;:__:,~."3 Stll f ,Jrt MIL lS ---------------------- AGUA HEDIONDA LAGOON HABITAT TYPES LEC[NO ---80/JNOARY OF HABITAT ST/JOY AREA ---· ESTIMATED HICHEST TIDE \ -.----ESTIMATED LOWEST TIDE r\-----APPROXIMATE LOCATION OF CHANNEL '\ ~~~.'.1-.~• MARITIME VECETAT!ON ~i ' •. BRACKISH WATER _..,.. ~~ffil .:::~ ..:... SALT MARSH • ~~ • . ~~ i11..; •. N/JOO( OR SANDY SHORE -.,., . ~~~PELAGIC • iir-DEEL GRASS, lOSTERA MARINA. □ UPLAND □BARREN ALLUVIAL FAN LJ c::::::J c::JOc::::::J AGUA HEDIONDA SPECIFIC PLAN LIGIND HUDY &II& - PLANNING AHA :=:e:·:t.w.t;:-:C::., 1 .... EUCALYPTUS 2 .... VACANT 3 .... C0o\STAL SAGE SCRUB 4 ... -CIIS1UIBED 5. .... COASTAL SALT MARSH 6----~~W,'k~ AND ASSOCIATIONS VEGETATION MAP t --1 c? c::::::J d c:::::J c::::::J O c::::::J c:J CJ LJ -\ ' -r, ::i::, ..... --a Ci">--C crn ::oz rno ..... rnx I Nrn A. FLORAL SPECIES Ambrosia psilostachya var. californica-Western Ragweed (3,4) Amsinckia intermedia-Yellow Fiddleneck (3,4) Anagallis arvensis-Pimpernel (4) Anemopsis californica-Herba Mansa (4) Apium graveolens7 Celery (3) . Artemisia californica-Coastal Sagebrush (3,4) Artemisia douglasiana-Mugwort (3,4) Atriplex patula-Spearcale (2,3,'~) Atriplex semibaccata-Saltbush (2,3,4) Avena fatua-Wild Oats (4) Baccharis glutinosa-Mule Fat (3,4) Baccharis pilularis ssp. consanguineaCoyote Bush (3,4) Baccharis sarathoides-Broom Baccharis (3,4) Bassia hyssopifolia-(2) Brassica geniculata-Field Mustard (3,4) Brassica nigra-Black Mustard (3,4) Bromus mollis-Soft Chess (2,3,4) Bromus rubens-Red Brome (3,4) Carpobrotus'.chilensis-Sea Fig (3,4) Carpobrotus edule~Hottentot fig (3,4) Centaurea melitensis-Napa Thistle (3,4) Chenopodium album-Lamb's Quarters (4) Chenopodium murale-Nettled-leaved Goosefoot .(3,4) Chrysopsis villosa var. echioides -Golden Aster (3,4) Claytonia perfoliata (3,4) Conium maculatum-Poison Hemlock (2,3,4) Conyza bonariensis (3,4) Conyza canadensis-Aster (4) Cotula coronopifolia-Brass Buttons (3,4) Cressa truxillensis va:·. vallicola-Alkali Weed (2,3,4) Cuscuta saliha-Saltmarsh Dodder (2,3,4) Cyperus erythrorhizos-Red Rooted Cyperus (3) Cyperus laevi~atus-Smooth Cyperus (2,3,4} Datura metelo1des-Jimson Weed (3,4) Diplacus puniceus-Red-bush Monkeyflower (3,4) Distichlis spicata var. spicata-Grass (2,3,4) Eleocharis acicularis-Slender Spike-rush (4) Eleocharis macrostachya-Pale Spike-rush (4) El,V!)US condensatus-Giant Rye Grass (4) Ep1lobium adenocaulon var. parishii-Sticky Willowweed (3,4) Eucalyptus camaldulensis-Eucalyptus (4) Foeniculum vulgare-Sweet Fennel ·(3,4) Frankenia grandifolia-Alkali Heath (2,3,4) Gasoul er stallinum-Ice Plant (3,4) Gasoul nodiflorum 2,3,4) Gnaphalium beneolens-Fragrant Everlasting (4) Gnaphalium bicolor-Cudweed (3,4) • Gnaphalium californicum-Green Everlansting Flower (3,4) Haplopappus venetus ssp. vernonioides-Isocoma (2,3,4) E-4 0 0 C D u 0 D Q D Q D u D a D € 0 [} D [) D D D l] D 0 D £] D u D .□ ·u :0 ,0 ·D .[] D {] Hemizonia paniculata-Tarweed (3,4) H_etermoles arbutifolia-Toyon (3,4) ·Heterotheca grandifolia-Telegraph Weed (3,4) Helio tro ium curassavicum var. oculatum-Chinese Parsley (2,3,4) Hordeum jubatum-Barley 4 Isomeris arborea-Bladderpod (4) Jaumea carnosa-Jaumea (2,3,4} Juncus acutus var. sphaerocarpus-Spiny Rush (3,4) Lampranthus sp. . Lepidi.um dictyotum var.'·dictyotum..:Alkali Peppergrass (2,3,4) Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. fasiculatus (3,4) Malva parvi fl ora-Cheeseweed • (4) Malvella leprosa (4) • Marrubium vulgare· Horehound (4) Medicago polymorpha-Weed (4) Monanthochloe littoralis -Salt-cedar (3) Myoporum laetum (4) ' Nicotiana glauca Tree Tobacco (2) Opuntia occidentalis-Prickley Pear (3,4) • Phragmites austral is-Reed .(3,4) Picris echioides-Ox Tongue (4) OEunt1a prolifera-Coastal Challa (3,4) P1stichlis spicata-Salt Grass (2,3) Pluchea purpurascens-Weed (4) Pluchea camphorata-Salt-marsh Fleabane. (2,3) Polypogon monspeliensis-Rabbit-foot Polypogon (3) Polypogon interruptus-Pitch Polypogon (3) Polypogon semiverticillatus. (2.3.4) Raphanus sativus-Wild Radish (3,4) Rhus integrifolia-Lemonade Berry (3,4) • Rhus laurina-Saurel Sumac (4) Rori a nasturtium-aouaticum-Water Cress (3,4) Rumex crispus-Dock 3, 1 Salicornia subterminal'is-Pickleweed (2,4) Salicornia virginica-Pickleweed (2,3,4) Salix gooddingii var. variabilis-California Black Willow (3,4) Salsola iberica~Russian Thistle (3,4) Sambucus mexicana-Elderberry (3,4) Scirpus californicus-California Bulrush (3) Scirpus robustus-Bulrush (3) Silybum marianum-Milk Thistle (3,4) Solanum nodiflorum-Nightshade (4) Sonchus asper (3,4) Sonchus oleraceus (3,4) Spergularia marina-Salt Marsh Sand Spurrey (2,3,4) Stachys rigida ssp. ·guercetorum-Hedge Nettle ,(3,4·) Stephanomeria virgata-Slender Stephanomeria (3,4) Suada californica-California Seablite (2,3,4) Tamarix parviflora-Tamarix (3,~) Toxicodendron diversilobim-Poison Oak (3,4) Typha angustifolia-Cattail (3) Typha latifolia-Common Cattail (3) Urtica holosericea-Stinging Nettle (,,4) Urtica urens-European Nettle (3,4) ~: Xanthium pennsylvanicum-Cocklebur (3,4) Zanichellia palustris-Horned Pondweed· (3,4) E-5 B. FINFISH Sharks and Rays Requiem Sharks.:.carcharhir'lidae . . .. Leopard Shark.:.Triakis:semifasciata Gray Smoothhound.:.Mustelus:califotnicus Brown Smoothhound.:.Mustelus--henlei Guitarfish-Rhinobatidae Shovelnose Guitarfish.:.Rhinobatos productos ·Bat Rays-Myliobatidae Bat Ray-Myliobatitis californica Sting Rays.:.Dasyatididae ... Round Stingray.:.urolophus halleri Bony Fishes Anchovys-Engraulidae Northern Anchovy-Engraulis mordax Slough Anchovy.:.Anchoa delicatissima Toadfishes-Batrachoididae Plainfin midshipmen.:.Porichthys·notatus Needlefish-Belonidae Silversides-Atherinidae Jacksmelt-Atherinopsis californiensis Topsmelt-Atherinops affinis Killifishes-Cyprinodontidae . California Killifish-Fundulus parvipinnus Seahorses and Pipefish.:.Syngnatidae _ _ _ Bay Pipefish-Syngnathus leptorhynchus Sculpins-Cottidae Wooly Sculpin-Clinocottus analis Sea Basses-Serranidae Kelp Bass-ParalabrdX clathrus Spotted Sand Bass-Paralabrax maculatofasciatus Barred Sand Bass-Paralabrax nebulifer Croakers-Sciaenidae White Sea Bass-Cynoscion nobilis Queenfish-Seriphus politus Yellowfin Croaker-Umbrina rocandor Spotfin Croaker-Rocandor stearnsi1 Opaleyes-Girellidae Opaleye-Girella nigricans Halfmoons-Scorpididae Halfmoon-Medialuna californiensis Surfperches-Embiotocidae Rubberlip Surfperch~Rhacochilus toxotes Barred Surfperch-Amphistichus argenteus Pile Surfperch-Damalichthys vacca Shiner Perch-Cymatogaster aggregata Damselfishes-Pomacentridae Garibaldi-Hypsypops rubicundus Mullets-Mugilidae Striped Mullet-Mugil cephalus E-6 Q D C D [J D f D Q D [} D u D a D ~ 0 [1 D [} D D {] D LJ D 0 D D D l] D u D 0 D D D {] Wrasses-Labridae California Sheepshead~Pime1ometopon pulchrum Senorita-Oxyjulis californica Blennys .. Blenniidae .............. . Ray Blenny~Hyposoblennius·gentilis Clinids-Clinidae Giant Kelpfish-Heterostithus:tostratus Spotted Kelpfish-Gibbonsia:elegans • Gobies-Gobiidae Arrow Goby-Clevlandia ios . Blind Goby~Typhlogobius·californiensis Tonguefi sh~Cynogl oss i dae . . . . . .. . ... . ... Ca 1 i forni a Tonguefi sh-Smyphurus -· a tri cauda Bothid Flatfishes~Bothidae California Halibut-Paralichthys:californicus Bigmouth Sole-Hippoglossina·stomata Flatfish-Pleuronectidae ...... -.. . Diamond Turbot~Hypsopsetta·guttulata Spotted Turbot-Pleuronichthys ritter.i Starry Flounder-Platichthys stellatus E-7 -------------- C. AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES Amphibians . ~~ ••••••••• -southern Slender Salamandet~Batrachateps attenuatus Pacific tree frog~Hyla regilla -. -Western spadefoot-Scaphiopus hammotdi ~ Western toad~Bufo boteas , Reptnes-_ --- -Western Fence-Li zard-Scel oporus • occi.denta 1 is Side-blotched Lizard~uta stansButiana .. -- California Horned Lizard~Phtynosoma toronatum Western Whiptail~Chemidophorus ·t.igrus . Southern Alligator Lizard~Ger.rhonotus ·multicaranatus Western Bl~nd Snake-Leptotyphlops humilis Striped Racer-Masticophis lateralis • Red Racer-Masticophis.flagellum .. - Gopher Snake-Pituophis melanoleucus California King Snake~Lamptopeltis:getul~s Western Rattlesnake~Crotalus viridus - Red Diamond Rattlesnake-Crotalus ruber E-8 Q D C D u D f D Q D Q D u D a D € D [1 D D D D {] 10 TI D 0 ·O D D £1 D )] D u 0 0 :o ID D :{] D. MAMMALS Opossum-Didel his Vit iniana (2,4) Ornate Shrew-Sotex,-ornatus. 2,4)- Broad-footed Mole~stopanus latimanus (2,4) Brush Rabbit-SylVilagus bachmani (2,4) • • Desert Cottontail ~syl vi l agus .-audubon-i i . .( 2,4) Black-tailed Jack Rabbit~Lepusitalifornicus .. (2~4) California Ground Squirrel~Spermophilus·beecheyi (2,4) , Botta' s . Poe ket Gopher-Thomomys bottae (4) .. Little Pocket Mouse-Peto·nathus:lon imembris (4) San Dieqo Pocket Mouse~Petognathus·fallax 2,4) Agile Kangaroo Rat-Dipodom*s:a_gi_lus ~-· · · Western Harvest Mouse-Re1Cnodantomys megalotis· (2,4) California Mouse~PetOm'stus califotnicus (4) Deer Mouse-Petomyscus maniculatus 2,4 ..... Southern Grasshopper Mouse~onythomys tortidus (4) Desert Wood Rat~Neotoma:lepida (4)-. Dusky-footed Wood Rat~Neotoma fustipes (4) Coyote-Canis lattans (2,4) . • Gray Fox-Vtocyon cinereoargentevs (2,4) Raccoon-Procyon·1otor (3) . . Long-tailed Weasel~Mustela frenata (2,4) Badger-Taxidea tatus )4) • Striped Skunk-Nephitus nephitus (2) Western Spotted Skunk Spilogale.-gtatilus (2) Bobcat-Lynx rufus (2) E-9 E. BIRDS. Loons Common Loon~Gavia immer· (1) Grebes Horned Grebe-Podiceps~aatitus (1) . Eared Grebe-POdiceps nigtiCOllis,.{l}. Western Grebe~AechmOphorus:octidentalis (1) Pied-billed Grebe-POdilymbus:pod~ceps (1) Pellicans and Cormorants • White Pelican-Pelicanus er·throrhynthos (1) Brown Pelican-Pelecanus occidertta is 1) . .Double-crested Cormorant~Phalatrocorax auritus (1) Wadina Birds t Great Blue Heron-Ardea heradias (1,2) Green Heron-Butorides virescens (2,3) White-faced Ibis-Plegadis chihi (2,3) Black-crowned Night Heron-Nycticarax nycticorax (2,3) Great Egret-Casmerodius albus (2,3) Surface Feeding Ducks American Widgeon-Mareca americana (2,3) Cinnamon Teal-Anas-c ano tera (1,2,3) Mallard-Anas platyrhnchos 1,2,3) Pintail-Anas acuta (3) Bay and Sea Ducks Canvasback-Agthya valisineria (1) Lesser Scaup Agthya offi-nis (1) Bufflehead-Bucephala albeoTa (1) Surf Scoter-Melanitta perspicillata (1) Black Scoter-Melanitta nigra_ (1) Stiff-tailed Ducks Ruddy Duck-Oxyura jamaicensis (1) Mergansers Common_Merganser-Mergus merganser (1) Red-breasted Merganser-Mergus serrator (1) Vultures • Turkey Vulture-Cathartes aura (2,3,4) Hawk, Kites and Falcons White-tailed Kite-Elanus leucurus (2,3) Cooper 1s Hawk-Acci iter coo erii (3,4) Red-tailed Hawk-B. jamaicensis 2,3,4) Marsh Hawk-Circus syaneus (2,3,4) Osprey-P:andion haliaetus (1,2) , ·: Peregriri Falcon-Falco ere rinus (2,3,4) American Kestrel-P. sparverius 2,3,4) Quail • California Quail-Lophortyz californicus (4) Marsh Birds Sora-Porzana carolina (2,3) American Coot-Fulica americana(l,2,3) E-10 Q 0 C D 0 D ~ 0 Q D 0 D u D a D 0 Q D D D D {] D LJ D 0 D D D [] D ~ D u .□ 0 0 [] D ·{] Shorebirds Sem_i-palmated Plover~Charadrius • serilipalmatus (2,_3) . Snowy Plover-C. alexandrinus (2,3) • Killdeer-C. voaferus (2,3;4) .. Golden Plover-Pluvialis dominica (2) Black-bellied Plover~P. sguatarola (2) · Long-billed Curlew-Numenius·ameritanus (2,3) Whimbrel-N. Phaeopus (2~3) . -. Spotted Sandpiper-Pittitij matularia (2,3) • Willet-Catoptrophorus serilipolmatus (2,3) Greater Yellowlegs-Tringa·melanoleuca (2,3) Lesser Yellow~egs-T. flavifes (2,3) Red Knot-Calidris canutus 2,3) Least Sandpiper-C. minuta (2,3) Dunlin-C. alpina (2,3) Short-billed Dowitcher-Limnodromus griseus (2,3) Long-billed Dowitcher-L. scolo aceus (2~3) Western Sandpiper-Calidris mauri 2,3) -Marble Godwit-Limosa fedoa (2,3) Sanderl1ng-Calidris alba (2) American Avocet-Recurvirostra americana (1,2) Black-necked Stilt-Himanto us mexicanus (1,2) Northern Phalarope-Lobipes lobatus 1,2 Solitary Sandpiper-Tringa solitaria (3) Gulls-• Western Gull-Larus occidentalis (1,2) Herring Gull-L. argent~tus (1,2) • California Gull-L .. californicus (1,2) Ring-billed Gull-L. delawarensis (1,2) Bonaparte's·Gull-L. philadelphia (1,2) Heermann's Gull-b. heermanni (1,2) Terns Forster's Tern-Sttrna forsteri (1,2) Common Tern-S. hirundo (1,2) Least Tern-S. albifrons (1,2) Royal Tern-Thalasseus maximus (1,2) Caspian Tern-Hydroprogne caspie (1,2) Doves . Rock Dove-Columba livia (2,4) Mourning Dove-Zenaida macroura (2,3) • Spotted Dove-Streptopelia chinensis {3,4) Owls Burrowing:Owl-Speotyto:cunitularia (2,4) Hummingbirds · . . . . -. . . Bl a ck-chinned Hummi ngbi rd2Archiiocu·s-' al exondrF(2·, 3 ~4) • Costa's Hummingbird-Calypte·tostae )2,3,4) Anna's Hummingbird.:.c. anna (3,4) . · Rufous Hummingbird.:.Selas·horus rufus (3,4) Allen's Hummingbir -S. sasis 3,4 Kingfisher _ - Belted Kingfisher-Megaceryle alcyon (1,2,3) E-11 Woodpeckers , Common Flicker-Colaptes aur.atus (3,4) Perching Birds Western Kingbird-Tyrannus verticalis (3,4) Cassin's Kingbird-T. vociferans (3,4) Black Phoebe-Sayoris nigricans (2,3) Say's Phoebe-S. saya (2,3,4) Common Raven-Corvus corax (3,4) • Common Crow-C. brachrhynchos (2,3,4) Wrentit-Ghamara fasciata (3,4) ( Bewick's Wren-Thryomanus bewickii (3,4) Long-billed Marsh Wren~Telmatodytes palustris (3) Mockingbird-Mimus polyglattos (3,4). California Thrasher~Toxostoma redivivum (3,4) Watef pipit-Anthus spinoletta (2,3,4) Loggerhead Shrike-Lanius ludovicianus (2,3,4) Starling-Sturnus vul9aris (2,3,4) Orange-crowned Warbler~Vermivora celata (3,4) Nashville Warbler-V. ruficapilla (3,4) Yellow Warbler-Dendroica petechia (3,4) Common Yellow throat-Geothylpis trichas (2,3) House Sparrow-Passer domesticus (3,4) Western Meadowlark-Sturnella neglecta (2,3,4) Brewer's Blackbird-Eu ha us c anoce halus (3,4) House Finch-Carpodarus mexicanus 1,2,3,4 Lesser Goldfinch-Sinus saltria (2,3~4) Brown Towhee-Pipila fuscus 3,4 Savannah Sparrow-Passerculus sandwichensis (2,3,4) White-crowned Sparrow-Zonotrichia leucophrys (2,3,4) Bullock's Oriole-Icterus bullockii (4) Common Bushtit-Psaltriparus minimus (3,4) Cliff Swallow-Petrnchehdon • rrhonota (1,2,3,4) Horned Lark -Creilic,phila alpestris 4 Golden-crowned Sparrow-Zonotrighia atricapilla (3,4) Song Sparrow-Melospiza melodia (2,3,4) Violet Swallow-Tachycineta thalassina (1,2,3,4) Yel~o~:rumped Warbler-b; coronata (3,4) E-12 ,· .. . •. [ [ [ [ [ [ .£ 0 [J D Q D u D ~□ '{] ~ 10 :u I 'D 0 D D D ·u D \] D u D 0 D [] 0 {] ( 1) (2) (3) (4) APPENDIX F NOISE LEVEL PROJECTIONS Tamarack between Carlsbad Blvd. & I-5 ADT-5300 FD-4611 = 307/hr. F N -689 = 77/hr. %Truck 2% Classification -G-2 Leq day 59 dB. night ~ithin acceptable levels Tamarack between I-5 & Highland ADT-5600 FD 4872 = 325/hr. FN 728 81/hr. %Truck 2% Classifitation -C-2 Leq day 60 dB night within acceptable levels Highland between Tamarack & Hillside ADT 2000 . FD 1740 = 116/hr. FN 260 = 29/hr. %Truck O Classification -C-2 Leq day 54 dB night within acceptable levels Adams between Tamarack & Park ADT 1,100 FD 956 = 64/hr. FN 143 = 16/hr. %Truck 2% Classification -C-2 Leq day night within acceptable levels F-1 ( 5 J . (6) (7) APPENDIX F Park between Hillside and Kelly ADT 1,700 FD 1,479 = 99/hr. FN 221 = 25/hr. %Truck 2% Classification -C-2 Leq day 55 dB night within acceptable levels Kelly between Park & El Camino Real ADT 1,200 FD 1,044 = 70/hr. FN 156 = 17/hr. %Truck 2% Cl "f" t· C-2 ass, ,ca ,on - Leq day night within acceptable levels Carlsbad Blvd. between Tamarack & Cannon ADT 8,700 FD 7,569 = 505/hr. FN 1 , 131 = 126/hr. %Truck 4% Classification -C-4 Leq_day 68 dB night 61 dB F-2 Q D D D CT D € D ~ 0 [) D [r D a 0 0 [1 D D 0 D 0 0 u 0 D ~ 0 u D \] 0 u D 0 D :D i :□ i !{] I ·APPENDIX G ARCHAEOLOGY A. SAWDIEGO COUNTY CULTURAL HISTORY AND A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE .. A:vast amount of published information is available on the.pr~history of Sa·n Diego County, although it is poor·ly synthesized. This is, in .general, true for.the whole of California, as expressed by Eberhart (196l) .so aptly when he states: "The archaeology of California has not yielded readily to the construction of closely ordered chronological sequences .. It was not until 30 Years ago t~~t any archaeologist working in the state was able td recognize sufficient change in his artifacts to postulate cultural change.II This is especially true of Sail Diego County, where published .reference materials have b'een limited until very recently. Using the sources which are currently available and considered to be reliable, the prehistory of: San Diego County.begins approximately 12,000 years ago with the earliest phase of, the. San ·Dieguito complex. According to Wallace, the San Dieguito complex has a wide distribution from the Pacific:Ocean to the Colorado River regi6n. It is a "chipped stone industry ... which endured much longer in the west than in the'arid interior (Wallace 1971).11 .Rogers (1958) felt that the -earliest San Dieguito. peoples ranged from the Sari Pedro Valley in eastern Arizona to the Colorado' Desert in SolJthern Cali forna. . • ·The basic material culture of San Dieguito complex involves numerous types of scrapers and scraper planes, choppers, crescentics, large blades and points. It has been divided into three phases, which are called ~an Dieguito I, San Dieguitd II, and.San Die9uito ltI. A fourth phare, San Dieg~itq !Vi exists in .Baja California, but, to our knowledge, has not persisted into San Diego, County (Rogers 1966). ·,. San Dieguito I, the earliest phase of the complex (Rogers 1939), is• c absent from San Diego County west of the watershed of the Laguna Mountains . (Ezell 1973) though it makes its appearance east of the watershed and encom passes a lar~e area of the California desert and ''western and southwestern Arizona ... being traced as far south as Sonora, Mexico (Rogers 1958).11 It is composed of cruder stone tools, primarily consisting of choppefs, and large flakes produced by percussion flaking; sleeping circles~ trail shrines; and. varied rock alignments (Rogers 1966). • The -~ntermediate iihase is ·the ffr;t 6n'e' ~pp·earing .'fn 'sari 'Diego County,, west of the:watershed of the Laguna Mountains, with Rogers recording fifty-to . (52) sites in the county with San Dieguito II representative material cul.ture .. (Rogers 1966). While the dating of this phase is inexplicit, most arthaeolo-• gists place the introduction of this complex at about 12,000 B.P. (Ezell 1973). The characteristic assemblage includes improved lithic materials (better types of stone were selected for tool~making)~ improved flaking techniques for the ' ,; .I G-1 manufacturing of more predictable types of stone tools, and the absence of the San Dieguito I cultural association with sleeping circles (Rogers 1966). -' • San Dieguito III is very well represented in San Diego County 11 • probably persisting until 8,500 to 7,500 B.P; (Warren and True 1961) •11 . The . basic differentiation from San Dieguito II is the appearance of pressure flaking as a technique for lithic manufacture and the utilization of such stone material with an even more highly improved conchoidal fracturing ability,_such as ~asper, chalcedony, and occasionally obsidian. The cultural reconstruction of.this tradition was mad~ possible through_ excavations conducted at the Harris Site (W-198).by various archa·eologists including Rogers (1938) and Ezell (1964). Further information concerning this phase of the San Dieguito has recently been obtained from Great Western 'Site 11A11 , excavated by Kaldenberg and Ezell (1974: Unpublished Ms.) , where an enormous amount of previously unknown information was obtained through excavation. Following the San Dieguito complex, the La Jolla peoples appeared. They may have made their first appearance as early as 9,000 B.P. (Rogers 1966). Several radiocarbon dates seem to support this hypothesis. Hubbs published a date on a La Jblla midden at Point Loma with a date of 7;130 + 350 B.P. (Hubbs, - Bien and Suess 1965), and another radiocarbon date of 9,020 +-500 (Hubbs, Bien and Suess 1965). - The La Jolla complex is divided into two phases, the La Jolla I and the La Jolla II,,with the major criteria for its definition being the advent of~ flexed burials, the, utilization of olivella beads, retouched flakes, and the economic dependence upon shellfish and seed collecting. The La Jolla complex existed throughout coastal San Diego County and penetrated the major river drainage systems and lagoons. The inland equivalJnt of the coastal La Jolla complex has not been well defined in the litera~ure, ei~her materially or in the temporal sense. This equivalent-may be the Pauma cJmplex as defined by True (1958), which is com posed ofmilling,implements, large blades, comoles and 11 donut 11 stones. In the north pa rt of the county Meighan ·( 1954) has proposed the establishment of two complexes, San Luis Rey I and San Luis Rey II. The definitive charac~ teristics of San Luis Rey I are dark, sooty midden deposits containing small pressure-flaked proj~ctile points, manes, portable metates. olivella beads, . qrilled .stone ornaments. mortar~_, an~ p~st1es .. San Luis Rey II differs only in that pottery, pictographs, and historic materials are 'found in association with all of the abo~~-• • •• · • In southern San Diego County, a Yuman-speakinq culture called the Kumeyaay occupied the coastal regions and the oak-laden hills. According to Moriarty, 11 it was not until 3,000 B.P. that enough Yuman additions occur ·in the artifact assemblage to allow us to infer a settling of Yuman peoples among the La Jollan on the coast (Moriarity 1966).11 In the northern part of the county, the late culture was a Shoshonean speaking people called the Luiseno. According to A. L. Kroeber, the Luiseno received their name after the Mission San Luis Rey de Francia. They occupied [ [ [ [ [ [ ( [ Q D C D 0 D € 0 Q D D D D ~ D LJ D D D D [] D D iu I an irregular territory in northern San. Piego,County_,ssharipg borders with the Juaneno, Gabrielino, Serrano, Cahuilla, and Kumeyaay (Kroeber .1925) .. ~qther than being a mountain people, as were their neighbors to the east, the Luis~no occu pied the ~ills within their territory up to and-incl1,19ing th~ watershed.areas of the chaparral.. Their inland territory included the San. Luis Rey,River and its drainage systein. . , The. archaeological manifestati'ori·of this ethnographically recqrded linguistic_group may well have been the; San Luis Rey II complex. From t~allace's report of·,sfte S,.D.-132 we know that th~ Luiseno material culture·:wa~.very similar t6,that of their neighbors to :the south, the Kumeyaay, consisting of a seed-collec:ting and hunting economy. B~drock mortars, pestles, milling_ stone mullers and· leaching basins comprised thejr techno-economic subs_istence imple ments. Sniall, stemless, concave-based projectile points were the most dominant type of potnt, with drills and scrapers also being abundant.lithicimplements. Ornament~lly, olivella shells found frequent utlization as pendants (Wallace 1971). The pottery, Tizon Brown Ware, was introduced into Luiseno territory from the Kumeyaay to the south, about 1350.A.D. (McCown 1955). From that time onward~ their culture changed very minimally until the advent of missionization. during the eighteenth century. Agua Hedi'onda Lagoon was. extensively utilized by San Diego County's aboriginal population. An excavation by Dr.-James R. Moriarty, III, at Site UCLJ..,M-1.5 has indicated that the.San o:ieguito peoples utilized the .lagoon at least 9030 years·ago and aboriginals continued exploiting the estuarine resources until at leait 1000 years ago. At leist 15.institutionally recorded sites surroun~ the lagoon. · Studies by. Vita.;;F~nzi and Higgs (1970) indicat~_;that general1,zed hunters and gathergrs explq1t an area of approximately f1ve·to ten kilometers in distance frqin a village -site. Therefore, any of ,th·e larger sites situated on or near the lagoon could have been a primary village from which.the San Dieguito and La Jolla Complex peoples exploited their environs. No comprehensive archaeological survey has ever peen conducted at·Agua· Hedionda Lagoon.but it seems certain that once such an endeavor is undertaken, -a more complete understanding of the ways hun 4er-gathering groups exploited their environment and cultural groups changed and adopted to certain eco-zones will emerge.· B. SITES LOCATED.WITHIN THE STUDY AREA AND'A SUMMARY OF SITE.SIGNIFICANCE. l. Site SDM..,W-131-.-N·o site· determinatjon has ~een made. _:; :, ·2. Site Agua-Hedionda,"4 ... -P~~;-to,.tbe r:i~Jur~,,:.Qf._,t_his_:·Sit~,,,;jt$ position in a srnall arroyo and surface· artifacts; in addition ·to stratified shell ~eposits and evidence bf land altering activities such as estuarine excavation~ this site is-considered to. be of MODERATE archaeological significance. Upon return of a date from the radio carbon sample, it.will be possible to further evqluate the signi"". ficance of this sita, • 3. Site SDM-W-130. Cultures: La Jolla II and a tr~ce ·6f San bieguito II. This site contains a slough terrace accretion camp, hearths, shell, I G-3 charcoal, mano, metate, and scarce traces of lithic artifacts. Site significance is undertermined; 4. Site SDM-W-132. Cultures: San Dieguito II, La Jolla II, and Yuman II. This site is classified as an archaeological resource of MAJOR sig nificance even though it has been disturbed by some agricultural enterprises. 5. Site SDM-W-132A. Thi~ site is classified as a site of MAJOR importance due to its relatively ~ndisturbed mfdderi, the great number of artifacts found throughout the site, and the large amounts of shell found in the site. Although the site has a few excavated units placed throughout it, no information has yet been generated to the public. It··;.s highly probably that all three of the abbve sites contain hu~an burials and under state law may constitute legal cemeteries. 6. Site Agua Hedionda 5. This site has been greatly disrupted by the construction of Park Avenue. Although it is probable that the site was once of MAJOR archaeological import, its great disruption indi cates that the site is presently only of MINOR scientific importance~ 7. Site SDi-209. This site has been classified as INSIGNIFICANt because of grading throughout the area. 8. Site UCLJ-M-15. This is a site of MAJOR significance since it offers a chance of developing a research design to teit various scientific methods and theories relating to techno-complex and environmental change in San Diego County through tedious excavation techniques. 9. Site RAH-I. This is a site of MODERATE archaeological importance since portions of what WriS once a very-large site have been redistributed due. to the establi ;hment of SDG&E transmis,;ion lines. The presence l 0. 11. of datea~le in situ. shell and ash in the profile wall increase the· scientific potential of the site even though portions of it have _been destroyed. • Site RAH-II. This site is an INSIGNIFICANT scientific resource since it i~ only 1.5 feet wide and 100 feet long. Only the eroding fire hearth contained in the road cut is of any scientific value. . ~ Site RAH-III. With' a shell scatter in a depth of greater than one foot, this site is considered to be of MODERATE significance. The presence of numerous stone artifacts, shell and midden in conjunction with some site disruption caused by the SDG&E easement preclude its evaluation as of MAJOR scientific importance. Its position under the power easement precludes the·posslibility of further impaction as a result of land alteration. 12. Site SDM-W-126. Cultures: La Jolla I and traces of Sen Dieguito II. The site consists of slough terrace midden resting cemented yellow sands, scarce cobble hearths and midden with shell and charcoal. G-4 0 D C D Li ·□ C D Q D Q D D D a D €) D Q D 0 0- G 0 u 0 a 0 0 () 0 l] 0 0 TI D 0 0 D D {] --.-------------- 13. Site SDM~W-121. The permanent slough terrace midden, cobble hearths, evidence of burials and intrusive Canalino artifacts make this a large and important site. • 14. Site SDM-W-1.27. This site shows evidence of slough terrace camping, cobble hearths, shell, charcoal, metates, manos and re-worked San Dieguito tools. 15. SDM-W-127a. No site determination has been made. The four sites on San Diego Gas & Electric property (12, 13, 14. 15) have not been evaluated as to·site significance. C. STANDARDS FOR DETERMINING ·snE SIGNIFICANCE. l,1 MAJOR. An archaeological or historic site will be classified as major if it has an estimated age greater than 100 years and.one or more of the following characteristics: a. midden deposits b. midden materials which have internal continuity c. surface material which is concentrated in a defined area d. surface and/or midden material which is rare or uncommon in nature 2. MODER.I\TE. An archaeological or historic site will be classified as moderate if it has an estimated age greater than 100 years and one or more of the following characteristics: a. midden deposits which have been partially disrupted b. midden deposits which have internal continuity but a portion of which has been altered c. surface material which is not concentrated in a defined area yet is present over a wide, contiguous area • d. c::11rf';ir~ ,incl/or midden which is rare or uncommon in nature 3. MINOR. An archaeological or historic site will be classified as minor if it has an estimated age of greater than 100 years-and one or more of the following characteristics: a. no midden deposits b. midden material without internal continuity c. no concentration of surface materials within a defined area 4. INSIGNIFICANT. An archaeological or historic site will be classified as insignificant if it has an estimated age of greater than 100 years but one or more of the following is the case: a. the material remains display neither qualitative nor quantitive value b. the Museum of Man refuses to as~ign a site number to the site or site areas c. The materials located seem to represent displaced or isolated artifacts or cultural materials without context. G-5 @) SAN DIEGO GAS & ELECTRIC COMPANY P. 0. BOX 1831 S/,N DIEGO. C/\Llf (JilNIA _'J~112 1714) 2~J2-42ti✓• City.of Carlsbad 1200 Elm Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 Attention: Mr. Lawrence Bagley Project Coordinotor Dear Mr. Bagley: June 3, 1976 FILE NO. SFH 010 PLA 600 Reference is made to your letter dated April 6, 1976 regarding San Diego Gas & Electric Company's capabilities in the Encina area. You indicated that this information will be incorporated into an EIR and specific plan that your agency is preparing on the 1500 acre -area surrounding the Agua Hedionda Lagoon. The enclosed table indicates that a maximum of 7.,696 dwelling units are proposed although approximately 4,673 units aro anticipated. Based on these projects: service to the pro ject could have an impact on the electric facilitiea in tho area. How significant the impact will depend on a number of factors. They_include the construction time frame and ability of the market to absorb the units. Electric service in the-area is provided by Encina Substation which is approaching peak capacity. A project is proposed for 1980-to rebuild this facility. Development p~o posed for the project area may determine if substation expan sion must be.implemented at an earlier date. A preliminary review of our records indicate that sufficient gas service exists in the area to serve the proposed project. A 30 inch transmission line is located east of the pro ject's northeast boundary. Gas mains are also located in streets throughout the project area . . It has been a pleasure assisting your agency in.this matter. Please do not hesitate to call if additional information is needed. CJH:lma Enc. Extension: 1884 Sincerely,· , • : //,1 ... :: . rl:,·'' / ·,.• ., t ,· ~ • ✓ :./' C. J.'Hollins Assistant Land Planner AN INVl:S TOIi-OWN/. D C:Uh'l'Uh'A //ON I l I I ' D- 0 u r l 0 u 0 0 0 p 0 [] D ( {] D L] D 0 0 D 0 ( {] • 1200 ELM AVENUE CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 92008 May 13, 1976 Bob Ladwig Rick Engineering P .-o. Box 1129 Carlsbad1 CA 92008 APPENDIX H ([itp of QI:arlsbab Su.1::>ject: Agua Hedionda Lagoon North Shore Project Dear Bob: TELEPHONE: (714) 729-1181 Thank you· for your letter of April 27, 1976 requesting avail ability of sewer and water for the subject project area .. The City can serve the subject area with water and sewer sys tems. Development of the area will require water line and sewer extensions and ultimate development of this area will' require increasing the capacity of the :;ewer age pump station east of Interstate 5 (Foxy's Landing) or an alternate south shore gravity and force ~ain system to connect to the yista Carlsbad trunk line in the vicinity of Cannon Road._ (The south shore system has been proposed by Brown and Caldwell ·as part of their Master Sewer Study recommendations). Ultimate development in any area of the City, of course, will be de pendent on the availability of water from CMWD and capacity of the Encina Water Pollution Control Facility. I _hope that this answers your questions. If not, ~lease· feel free to call. -..._,"'-""'"'""~~uly ~ FQRTim Flanagan City Engineer: TCF/slw cc: Planning PWA U/M Dept. H-1 1 Li D 0 D D 0 0 l] D O u o .. 0 iO !D I ·D ----------------- { 7 l ~ / ~., 1 ·, .: 1 • J ALAN M, VOORHEES & ASSOCIATES• INC, APPENDIX I lW\NSPOIHATION AND PLANNING CONSULTAMTS May 1976 .,•·.,,; ".', • ;:,,I, • Rick Engtnccring Company Mr. Bob Ladwig 3088 Pio Pico Boulevard Carlsbad, California 92008 Dear Bob: l\MV REF: 460. 268· As you know, in April 1976 you :.uthori.zed AMV to proceed with a traffic study of various circulation networks within the area of Carlsbad near the Aqua Hedionda Lagoon and lhe Cannon and Tamarack -inter changes with 1-5. This letter will document the findings of our study - m·o st of which was presented verbally at a ·meeting in the Carlsbad City Hall on April 2f, '1976. l will use diagrams, figures, and tables as much as possible since this i.:; -:.;sucJ.lly the eadei:;t for most. people to understand. As you know, the boundry of our study area \Vas sd as 1-5 and El Ca:-:-:.bc Real west to east, and T :lrnarack and the Aqua HecJionda Lagoon north to south. Within the study area there are many areas that are fully developed at the present time while in other areas, General Plan 01· recent proposals must be used as a guide to estimate future land uses, The study area was divided into 20 traffic zones, delinialed in such a way that centroid • connectors from each zone would logically connect to the existing or proposed street networks, Existing and expected future land uses and development units were prorated into each, traffic zone from a map prepared jointly by City of Carlsbad Planning Department staff and Rick Engineerin~ planning staff. This map shows existing development density in existing areas and anticipated development densities in vacant areas eve'? though the General Plan for Carlsbad would allow different densities, In general-,. the densities shown on the map are lower than would be allowed, but based on what has happened, City staff thinks these are the densities that will develop. Figure 1 shows the Study Area and the general area and number of each of the Traffic Zones.' Table 1 shows the land use development, the traffic generation rate and the resultant two-way daily vehicle trips to and from each of the traffic zones. It is this final number of daily trips that must be assigned from _each zone to the street network in order that an estimale can be made of the number of daily vehicles that will use the links of the proposed street network in the future . when the area is fully developed. ••,. ·.: • ··.1 .. . 1 ! 1•· ·•'., • Slt.: I, t • ., ,.-~. •, . I . ,,.,,· .• .... -.■• . . . .. . ·• . . . "AGUA : . /5 ·LAGOON FIGURE 1. STUDY AREA AND TRAFFIC ZONES . ... ------------------------------------------------------ n l] n D [] D D Li ·D 0 D D D T /\BLF l Traffic Land Use Generation Zone Rate 1 Service Station 250 Lump Sum 52300 ft 2 Comm 7 5 / 1000 ft 2 .163 Res. D.U. 7· 2 7. 5 ac. Rec. Comm 180 191 Res. D.U. 8 3 59 Res. D.U. 9 4 87 Res. D.U. 10 5 128Res. D.U. 10 6-140 Res. D.U. 10 7 60 Res. D.U. 10 8 264 Res. D.U. 9 9 460 Res. D.U. 8 10 313 Res .. D. U. 9 11 194Res.D,U. 10 12 158 Res. D.U. 10 13 95 Res. D.U. 10 14 200 Res. D,U. 10 15 600 Res. D.U. 8 16 59 Res, D,U. 10 17 School & Park 210 Lump Sum 18 35 Res, D.U. 10 19 105 Res. D.U. 10 20 131 Res .. D.U. 10 I · * 2010 Daily Trips if Rec. Veh, Park I""' 3 • Generatecl Two-, Way Daily· Trip~ Sub Tot. Total 250 3925 1140 5315 '•, I 1350 '!. 1530 2880 530 870 , 1280 1400 600 237§ 3680 2820 1940 1580 950 200() 4800 :;: 590 210 350 , 1050 1310 I 1. i Rick Engincerin~ Co. May 1976 460.268 Page 4 From each zone the generated vehicle trips were next assi({ned to the street network. Before lhis could be done the clirectional distri bution was determine\'.! from the most up to date regional traffic assi~n ment as conducted for 1995 by the CPO-Caltrans regional planners. Analysis of tliis traffic assignment revealed that trips from the study area are expected to travel in th.e following general directions by per cent: 38% t Travel distance tests v-.cere next made to determine the "divide" in the study area between .zones whe-rc drivers destined south on I-5 would find it more advantageous to use the Cannon Road interchange rather than the interchange at Tamarack. It was found that Zo'nes -10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 would be closer fo Cannon and I-5 if the proposed lagoon ,crossing was constructed between Park Drive and Cannon Road. For these zonc·.s the directional distribution percent ages then became: I-4 [ [ [ [ [ f [ • • I ~ , [ ~ [ [ C C D u D f D 0 D C D □· D u D D () D l] D D u D. 0 D D o Rick Engineering Co. May 1976 460.268 Page 5 With the information shown in Table 1 and the .directional percentages shown on the above diagrams, hand traffic assignments of daily trips were next macle, zone by _zone, to.the street network within the study area. Since by direction, and in the interest of speed and economy, • / there _was prime interest in only some of the streets within the study area, the zonal assignments were only carried to the edge of the study area and only those trips on the critical .interior streets were accum.u- lated except on the Park Drive extension and on Cannon Roac.l. Figure Z shows the result of the claily traffic assignment on the complete street network as it is now planned by the City of Carlsbad. It shoulc.l be notec.l that because of the circuitous alie;nmc.:nts anci sometimes steep grades of the streets within the study area, no through trip_;=:; are expected. Only those trips with origins or destinations at land uses within the study area are shown. Those trips passinf.! through would not use these streets since.the major facilities such as 1-5, Tamarack, El Camino Real, and Cannon Road are at much higher standards. Figure 3 is the same as Figure 2 except thaL the controversial link of Hillside Drive across the Pannonia property is deleted and the Pannonia property reverts to agricultural uses instead of residential as planned. As can be seen on Figure 2, this Hillside link was expected to carry 5,000 daily trips, of·which 1,200 were from the Pannonia • dwelling units, Without this link, 1,800 additional trips would be forced to u_se Park Drive while Z, 000 more \\0 uld use N eblina, It should be noted here that in all these various traffic assignments, about 1,000 fewer trips would be assigned to ?ark Drive if the anticipat~d dwellin~ un,its are replaced by an estimated 335 Recr·eational Vehicle spaces in :Zone 15. . In looking at the previous figures the new street (Park Extension) crossing the upper Aqua Hedionda Lagoon area between Park Drive and c·annon Road is shown as carrying an estimated 5,000 daily trips in the future, One of the alternates lhat was reviewed by the consultant, considered that Cannon Road south of the lagoon was not connected to 1-5 and this new road crossing the upper lagoon was not constructed. In its place was a new 1·oad (Park Exlc-nsion) staying north of the la~oon but providing access to EL Ca'mino Real southeasterly of Kelly Drive. Figure 4 shows the mosl important links of the network affected by these changes and the chanqcs lo be made to the volumes of Figure 2 • (the planned network) if this alternate is implemented in the future. ' Again it 1nust be emphasized that the volumes of Figure 2 through 4 do not include through traffic. As will be explained this is valid for I-5 T ! , ..... I C' : . . ·:. .. . . ..... . .. . . . . . . . . · . . flJ."'-l.vrul~ • •• •. LO • • i . . AGUA H~DJO/J.DA LAGOON 't? . • .• I FIGURE 2 . .ESTIMATED FUTURE AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC ON CRITiCAL SECTIONS OF THE COMPLETED, PLANNED, NETWORI< .. . .. LJ c::J .c=J CJ O c::J • c) CJ. .Q C=:J. b CJ. OCJ ~~ -CJ d CJ u CJ. ~ ..... I ·-.J • -.-•. ·. . . -.. . .. . .. . .. • -- LAGOON .. FIGURE 3. ESTIMATED FUTURE AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC CHANGES OF FIGURE z WITH HILLSIDE DRIVE-PANNONIA LINK DELETED ..... I ~ ----,-------------------------. - .... : .. • . .. . . . •' .. . . •. . . • .. ·-· . 'AGUA tlcD1c;A10A. .• -9000 LAGOON FIGURE 4. ESTIMATED FUTURE AVERAGE DAILY TRAFFIC CHANGES OF FIGURE 2 IF CANNON ROAD DOES NOT CON!'\'ECT TO I--5 AND IF PARK EXTENSION CONNECTS TO EL CAMINO REAL INSTEAD OF CROSSING THE LAGOON II r-7 ~ 0 D J D Li D C D D 0 Li D :) D D D H.ick Engineering Co. May 1976 4G0.268 Page• 9 Figures 2 and 3 but ~ould not be for F'i~ure 4. The question of the construction of Cannon Road south of the lagoon was further investigated to sec v;hat traffic wus expected to use it in '.; the future, and where lhis L!";tffic would f!O if this link was not constructed. As was seen, Cannon Road is expc:cled to have only limited use by residents of the study a.rca. Its primary use will come frori1 residents living in the area between El Carnino Real and M'elrose Avenue. f'or these people, Canl'1on·Road is the direct connection to the beaches and to th~ I-5 corridor. In addition lo thl::sc pri..rnary users, other users will be the people living, workinr~, and playing in the futtire, in the area.· south ·of Aqua Hedionda Lagoop between I-5 and El Camino Real. These people will use Cannon Road daily t_o travel to and from their various regional and local origins and destinations_. Without this link of Cannon Road south of the lagoon a review of ·net'works, regional travel forecasts and future land uses indicates to the consull:a11l that from 50 to 60'l/c of the vehicle trips would be diverted to other facilities north of the lagoon such as Tan1arack /\venue, -.-,hilc 40 to 50% \,o uld be forced t'o use Palomar Airport H.oacl. The 50 to· GO% diversion to the north of the lar;oon would increase the regional traffic forecast on· Tamarack by 90% if all of it elected to use Tamarack. Th is addi tional traffic on Tamarack. Avenue wbuld be particulariy devastating since this street passes through an older, developed area which is already experiencing traffi.c problems whei-e thr expansion of the str·eet facilities would be extremely difficult. For this area, Cannon Road will serve as a traffic bypass, Without Cannon Road streets such a's 'Park and Hillside, in addition to Tctrnarack, will probably be subject to through traffic volumes for which they were not intended or designed. To pr.event this, and force the diverted tri1ffic onto Tamarack, .con sideration must be given to having a cul de sac on Park Drive Extensio11 if Cannon Road is_ not built .. The· 40 to 50% of Cannon Road traffic forced to use Palomar Air port Road will add ·an additional 40}~ of forccastcd :re~ional traffic to this facility - a facility which is already exp•~cted to have to carry estimated futui.-e volur:p~\,, IH.\ar_its,. capacity .. Tl,1c .. C~nnon l~oad link ,between El c'arriino Re~i.i''ar'l:1.1--5 ca~ thus b,;"? Gaicl tu.bo v"ital·to the regioi1al traffic circulation plan and .dso, bec:_L:.1:i1! of the effects of'it!:l_· diverted traffic on other facilitic.s, is vital to local traffic circulation and cxisti_nq and propo8cd land uHe developments in the study area north of the Aqua Hcdionda Laqoon, I-9 ,,; Rick Engineering Co. May 1976 460.268 Page l 0 An analysis of the traffic volume~, shown on Figures 2 throu~h 4 make clear c_crtain questions regar._c.ling required cross-sections of certain streets in the study area. For instance, Adanrn south of Chinquapin and Highland south of Hillside hav.e expected traffic volume.-, _. / well within the capacity of •wo lane standard streets which is usually set at 5,000 daily trips (See Figure 5). Hillside and Highland between Park and Tamar,tck on the other h;.1r1tl~ have volurq.es varying on the figures from 9-10, 000 to 13-to l·:!, 000 so clearly, on this facility,. four , lanes are required since 10,000 average daily traffic (ADT) is usually the capacity goal for four lane undivided streets. The question in this case is how to obtain four tnoving lanes from Park to Tamarack. There is a possibility that a one-way sys_lcrn,could be developed by extending James Drive southei·ly and par all el to Highland-Hill sid c to the Park Dr'ive intersection area. This v .. o uld allow Janles to be one-way northbound and Highland-J-Iiilside one-way southbound. To prevent excessive out of direction· travel, one or two cross slrects would also have to be con structed between the two one-ways. (See Figure 5). Because of the existing residents no-..v livin~ aloi11; James Drive, it is doubtful that community support would be forth co min~ for such a one-w a>' pro po r;al, so therefore, the widening of existi11~ IIighlancl-Hillside to accoinodate four lan~s seems to be lhe only feasible possibility. Field inspection indicates that if parking is prohibited on Highland-Hillside from Park to Tamarack, a four lane traveled. way of 44 to so· foot width could be provided·. On the section between Park and Chinquapin it seems feasi ble to construct most of the extra widlh needed along the east side, while fro.tn Chinquapin to Tamarack,· it appears that the extra width can be provided by adding some on e..i.ch side .. As was discussed ·previously ancl as Figures 2 and 4 show, Hillside Drive through the Pannonia pro pert:y is expected to carry from 5, 000 to 5,500 ADT, J;'his is about the capacity recommended for two lane streets and well within observed capacities. These ·volumes, as mentioned,· do not include any through traffic that may be forced onto these local streets if Cannon Road is not built between I-5 and El Camino Real. Park Drive from Hillside to the Park Drive-Extension across the lagoon is the most difficult of all the critical streets fer which to make. a clear recommendation. Ins pediun of Figures Z through 4 indicatci that future traffic will vary from 5,000 to 7,500 along this section on Figure 2 to 6,500 to 9,000 on Fi_gure ,1. The lower figures are close to the desirable 5,000 ADT maximum !o1: two lanes but the upper onot.1 I-10 [ [ [ [ [ [ L [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ [ .... I .... - .• LAGOON . FIGURE 5 .• RECOMMENDED STREE°:I" WIDTHS . . . : I,, • • • l'i . . ··i· ... . . •. .... . . --. . . . .. . .._ . . '-·· . . . . · . . . .. , ' .. I. Rick Engineering Co. May 1976 • 460.268 Page 12 are· close fb· the 1 O; 000 desirable for four lanes; All arc without any through traffic fro1n Cannon Road. The consultant is of the opinion that perhaps a compromise cross section should be used along Park of about 50 foot curb-to-curb that would normally be two lanes with parkin~ and occasional left turn lanes, but could become four lanes when, and where, needed with a parkin~ prohibition. City staff should be consulted on this subject so that a final decision can be li1ade - perhaps in some areas· such c1s near the Park Extension where the volumes are expected to be highest, the curb-to-curb width can be greater so as to provide necessary turn lanes and four lanes when park in~ is prohibited. I hope the above fulfills the terms of our.original charge which.was to stud_y the anticipated l_and uses i11 the study area and their effects on alternate networks and links of the circulatio.n system, JWF:jz Very truly yours, Alan M. Voorhce·s & Associates ,,.i hJ.' • (;. ' ·-7 . '' • (( l/?·~-~~« ~{i1vll-v6 I-12 James W. Federhart Regional Manager ' f • ! I Q D C D LJ 0 D D ( [ [ [ [ [ [ [ • [ [ [ [ 0 D -J D u D u D D D G D u D :) 0 D D G APPENDIX J RECON 'RICK ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS 5620 FRIARS ROAD • SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 82110 • TELEPHONE 714 / 288-8125 I. BACKGROUND March-15, 1976 AGUA HEDIOND,A. LAGOON ACQUISITidN PROPOSAL Agµa Hedionda Lagoon, Carlsbad, California, was reopened to the, ocean in 1954 as a result of dredging operations con ducted by San Diego Gas and Electric Company. The lagoon was conceived 30,000 to 18,000 iears before present (B.P.) as Agua Hedionda Creek down-cut a channel through the coastal· bluffs.' to an ocean with a level approximately 130 meters below that o~ the present. The stibsequent rise in sea le~el beg~n apprbximately 18,000 years ~~P., reaching its present level about .7, 000 years B .P. During this slow rise the lagoon was progressively filled with water-borne sediment so that by approximately 3,000 years B .. P. t_he lagoon was closed to the sea except during periods of storms and/or extreme. high tides. The proximate purpose of dredging the sediment-choked lagoon was to create a sufficiently large body of water to provide coo.lihg water for the 'then new Encina Power PlanL One, ulti- mate result of the dredging. was to re-create 1 a viable coastal lagoon with valuable assets to wildlife. :The "upstream" limit of .dredging was determined in part by··the natural topographic boundaries of the cincient then sediment-filled estuary and in part by the limits of SDG&E land holdings. As a result of the latter restriction, approxi mately 183 acres of once open, ancient estri~ry were left ~s an open mud flat. Prior to 1954 this area was rarely if ever directly affected by tidal water and was essentially freshwater/ riparian in nature due to the predominant influence of Agu~ Hedionda Creek (W. Allen Kelly; personal communication). Sub sequent to dredging and with the new tidal prism of the lagoon, this area was periodically subjected to tidal inunda:tion. Because of existing el~vations, this inundation is irregular, occurring during the higher "spring•·• tid~s only. Because of the infrequent n~ture of the tidal inundation, the extensive use of this ·area by marine organisms has been severely restricted. The saltwater incursion also limited, on the other hand, the then existing freshwater vegetation/habitats. This latter J-1 -2- effect was reinforced as Agua Hedionda Creek dug drainage gullies across the mudflats, thereby speeding and restri•cting freshwater flow across the' tidal area. This interplay of salt and fresh water has resulted in the creation of .a relatively large area which is suitable as habitat for organisms of neither type. The mudflats are, for all intents and purposes, a biological desert.. • Three recent events and planning decisions currently being made have and will change the nature and structure of the upper lagoon area~ By way of a summary, these events and decisions were: 1. The dredging of Bristol Cove in the late 1960s and subsequent deposition of spoil to the southeast of the• cove eliminated approximately 20 acres of salt marsh and mudflat as viable wildlife habitat. This area is currently undergoing secondary succession as a terrestrial system and has minimal value. It has therefore been excluded from this acquisition proposal. 2. Construction in the ~arly 1970s of a ~railer park astride Agua Hedionda Creek immediately east of El Camino Real required the construction of drains. The result of this instal lation was the conversion of Agua Hedionda Creek to year-round flow west of El Camino Real. The increase in flow has signifi cantly affected wildlife habitats making them much more attrac tive and viable. 3. During February of this year, the property owners di verted the flow of .Agua Hedionda Creek. As a result of this conversion, a considerable area of the mudflats.has been sup jected to sneet flow. This extremely shallow water habitat has proven es~ecially attr~ctive to marine avifauna and t~e total utilization of the mudflat area has greatly increased. 4. Cali'fornia Environmental Quality Act and the Coastal Plan have provid~d planning and legal tools whereby habitats such as that at the upper end of the laggon can be afforded effective protection. It is the purpose of this proposal to outline those areas which should be given such protection. It is within this matrix of events and facts that this proposal has been assembled. No acreage limitations were consid.ered during the preparation of this submittal; the primary basis for it is biological with certain planning con siderations providing a secondary input. J-2 [ [ [ [ [ [ L [ ( [ [ [ [ [ r [ ' [ [ [ [ 0 D J D Li D ) D D D Q D D u D :) D D D J .-3- The. •primary information base was obtained during the latter part. ,of March and early April of this year. A botanical survey was conducted by R. Mitchel.Beauchamp of Pacific South west Biolggical Services and a zoological survey ~as cond~qted by R. B .. Riggan of RECON. The latter effort was aimed prin cipally at :the avifauna and esped,aJ.ly the marine avifaU:na. The proposa+ itself was .arrived,. at after the information-.base had been established and after consultation• with· several·. indi viduals a~d'.agencies (see Attachrnerif 2). II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPOSAL The 'proposed Agua Hedionda Lagoon Acquisition is illus-, trated ori the accompanying plat (Attachment la) and is described in detail below segment by segment. • Segment A. The extreme upper·end of the lagoon has been partially ·filled with sediment discharged by Agua Hedionda Creek .. This has created a small area which is f~equently_in~ undated ~md contains a :rich inver.tebrate infauna.· This area, therefm::·~ ,,:!receives intense use by. marine birds· and th.ere fore . warrant~ inclusion in the acquisition area. Adjacent shoreline to the w~st was not included because of the relatively small area subject to regular inundation and because of 'the proximity of incomp~tible recreational uses. It is recommended that Segment A be separated from the balance of the lagoon (and hence the recreational uses) be· a system of buoys. Such a system would provide a literal barrier and would negate the need for a distance buffer. , . Segment B. The:boundary as proposed includes the valuable wildlife habitats to the southeast within the acquisition area, while retaining an effective buffer relative to the pro~ posed dev:elopment to the west.·· The area to the northwest, because'of extreme infrequent inundation, is essentially a biologicc!-1 .desert. The infrequent inundation also precludes th.e use of. the area by breeding marine birds. It has been proposed.that the area adjacent to Segment B be developed as a recreational vehicle park. Should this· proposal be· implemented, a certain amount of dredging would be required. It is recommended that this dredging be carried up to line Segment B and that, ·.the mudflat .immed~a~~fY Adj ac:enf: to-·B and to the southeast b.e lowered :·in elevation by approximately three to four feet.· to create a booad· expanse of regularly inundated mudflat. This strip would be·quickly inhabited by a variety of marine organisms and would, in a relati~ely short period J-3 -4- of time, constitute valuable habitat for marine avifauna (see attached plat). Should the dredging occur as described, an effective physical barrier should be established along this portion of the proposed preserve. Segment·c. This segment excludes UCLJ-M-15 from the preservation area.. This is,. however, a moot point in that the site will be preserved by the land owner as a part of whatever development is ultimately implemented in. that area. UCLJ-M-15 is provided effective protection under the require ments of CEQA. This segment is also drawn to include the known nesting area of the Least Tern. This nesting area is presently-heavily impacted by off-road vehicle activity and other human uses. To provide effective protection along this and subsequent seg ments, physical barriers will be required. Distance barriers will be ineffectual given the present sur·rounding land uses. It is recommended that a four-foot, chain-link fence be con structed from the end of the dredged Segment B through Segment C and approximately half of Segment D. Such a fence has been shown to be effective at the Mission Bay Least Tern colony. Segment C was not extended further to the north because of th_e proposed re'.'""alignment of Park Drive and because of the lower value of habitats to the north. Segment D. This segment has been configured so as to include the most·valuable Ripparian habitats (see attached plat). Shouid this area be-included in the preservation, those areas presently under agricultural uses will quickly revert to a freshwater/marsh condition due to the now-permanent stream flow. This segment was not extended further to the north be cause of the proposed re-alignment of Park Drive and because the included area is of sufficient extent to provide the necessary floodway and retain the valuable habitat. Segment E. This segment excludes relatively low value habitat to the south while allowing for the proposed construction of Cannon Road. This segment includes the more valuable habi tats to the north and provides an adequate buffer. Segment F. This segment was arbitrarily located at the base of the bluff". The properties adjacent to the segment and to the south are to be a part of the proposed regional park. The steep bluffs adjacent to Segment F and within the park are not amenable to recreational use and will therefore provide the requisite buffer between proposed recreational uses and valuable habitats adjacent to the lagoon. I J-4 [ [ [ [ [ [ ( [ [ ( .[ [ [ [ [ t [ -[ [ [ [ D D 0 LJ D 0 D D D u 0 0 u 0 -5- The above outlined acquisition proposal includes all of the valuable wildlife habitats adjacent and to the east of Agua Hedionda Lagoon. It is designed to allow the existence of viable vertebrate populations while also allowing surrounding compatible human developments. The area as proposed includes 109 acres. J-5 ATTACHMENTS la. Agua Hedionda Acquisition Proposal -Legend ' lb. Agua Hedionda Acquisition Proposal 2. Individuals and Agencies Consulted 3. References 4. Upper Agua Hedionda Lagoon Flora (not included) 5. Birds Observed at Agua Hedionda Lagoon (not included) I J-6 [ [ [ C G D € D Q D Q D C D 0 0 € 0 Q D D 0 0 J 0 u D 0 0 1J D u 0 0 u D 0 D D 0 <J -. . . . . . . . . . Areas of surface water at the.time ·of the biological survey. Inclµdes Agri~ Hedionda Creek and related freshwater only . Area of pro~6sed gradin~. If this strip we~e to be lowered 3 to 4 feet it would be regularly inundated and would provide a _favorable habitat. Archaeological resource UCLJ-M-15 ■-Area of heavy midden deposit. • Archaeological resourc.e UCLJ-M-15. Area of disturbed midden. • Area of intense terrestrial avifauna use. Areas of intense marine avifauna use. •••••• .Boundary of area surveyed. ••••••• ··. Del1neates subareas utilized during the botanical survey. ■-----\ c: A 'I Boundary of the propo~ed acquisition area. Indicates areas grown to Salicornia sp. (Pickleweed). ·Segments of the acquisition boundary discussed in the accompanying plat (Attachment lb). Subarea designations for botanical survey. '!,, ATTACHMENT la. AGUA_HEDIONDA ACQUISITION PROPOSAL LEGEND J-7 D u 0 j 0 0 D 0 J J J J J J J 8- r .D D ·<J D :LJ D 0 :o ! iD \Q I . 1/J i :0 I I :<J i i □ I ' :u 'D 0 :0 :l] :o i '.<J ,. \ ;. , .... ···--\ R. Mitchel Beauchamp, Pacific,southwe!st Biological Services Gity of Carlsbad Chuck Damm, San Diego Coast Regiona1;commission· J 1ohn Du£ fy ,. California. Depar,tment of. Fish and Game ' ' Bill Dumka, Rick Engineering .. .(Planner) Mike Evans, Integrated Planning Offic~ (Orni~hologist) Dan Gorfain, San Diego Coast Regional Commission W. Allen Kelly; Carlsbad Allen 0. Kelly, Carlsbad Harold A. McKinnie, Department of Fish and Game Bob Ladwig, Rick Engineering Royce B. Riggan, Jr., RECON (Biologist) ATTACHMENT 2. INDIVIDUALS AND AGENCIES CONSULTED J-9 ATTACHMENT 3. REFERENCES American Ornithologists' Union 1957 Checklist of North American Birds. The Author. Baltimore, Maryland, Fifth Edition. 1973 Thirty-Second Supplement to the American Ornitholo gists' Union Checklist of North American Birds. :Auk 90:411-419. Anonymous 1972 At the Crossroads. A report on California's endangered and rare fish and wildlife. State of California, Resources Agency, Department of Fish and Game. Arbib, R. 1974 The Blue List for 1975. American Birds, 28(6) :971-974. Benson, Lyman 1969 The Native Cacti of California. Stanford University Press, Stanford, California. Burt, W. H. and R. P. Grossenheider 1964 A Field Guide to the Mammals.. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. California Coastal Zone Cons.ervation Commission 1975 California Coastal Plan. Documents and Publications Branch, Sacramenton, California. talifornia Division of M~nes and Geology 1963 Mines and Mineral Resources of San Diego County, California. San Francisco. Hall~ E. Raymond and Keith R. Kelson 1959 The Mammals of North America~ Ronald Press, New York. Higgins, Ethel B. 1949 Annotated Distribu,tional List of the Ferns and Flowering Plants of San Diego County, California. San Diego Society of Natural History, Occasional Paper No. 8, San Diego. Higgins, E.G. 1959 Type Localities of Vascular Plants in San Diego County, California. San Diego Society of Natural History, Transactions, XII, No. 22. J-10 D D LJ 0 0 D ~ D D D u 0 0 0 ~ D D D D Ingles, Lloyd G. 1965 Mammals of the Pacific States.: .;s·t~nfox:'.d. University Press, Stanford, California. Kennedy, M.P. ·1973 Bedrock Lithologies, San Diego Coastal Areau California, in studies on the geol6gy and ~eologic hazards of the greater San Diego Area, California. Edited.by A. Ross and R. J. Dowlen, 152 p. McCaskie, ~-Guy and R. c. Banks :.1966 Supplemental List of Birds of San Diego County, Cali fornia. In Transactions. Volume 14, No. 12, San Diego Society of Natural History. Mason, H.L. ·1957 A Flora of the Marshes of California .. U. c. Press, Berkeley, 878 p. Munz, P.A. 1974 A Southern California Flora, Berkeley, California. Perkins, c. B. 1949 The Snakes of San Diego County with Descriptions and Key. Zoological Society of San Diego, Bulletin No. 23, San Diego, California. Peterson, Roger T. 1961 A Field Guide to Western Birds. Hought6n Mifflin, Bos ton. Powell, Allen J. 1974 Inventory of Rare and Endangere,. Vascular Plants cif California. California Native Plant Society Special Publication No. 1, Berkeley, California. Sams, Charles E. and Ken Stott, Jr. 1950 Birds of San Diego County, California: An Annotated • Checklist. San Diego Society of Natural History, San Diego, California. Shaw, Charles E. 1950 The Lizards of San Diego County with Descriptions and Key. The Zoological Society of San Diego, Bulletin No. 25, San Diego, California. Simpson, E. H. 1949 Measurement of Diversity. Nature 163:688. Sloan, Allen J. 1~64 Amphibians of San Diego. San Diego Society of Natural History, Occasional Paper No. 13, San Diego, California. J-11 Stebbins, Robert C. • 1966 A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. Witham, Helen 1972 Ferns of San Diego County. San Diego Society of Natural History, San Diego, California. J-12 ·O €) D ~ 0 0 D u D €> D [1 ·D