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Home My WebLink AboutGPA 09-07; Palomar Commons; General Plan Amendment (GPA) (9)Air Quality Technical Report for the Palomar Airport Commons Project Carlsbad, California Submitted To: Sudberry Properties 5465 Morehouse Drive San Diego, CA 92121 Prepared By: cientific Resources Associated 1328 Kaimalino Lane San Diego, CA 92109 May 18, 2010 Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Existing Conditions 2 2.1 Regulatory Framework 2 2.1.1 Federal Regulations 2 2.1.2 State Regulations 5 2.1.3 Local Regulations 12 2.2 Climate and Meteorology 13 2.3 Background Air Quality 13 3.0 Thresholds of Significance 15 4.0 Impacts 18 4.1 Consistency with the RAQS and SIP 18 4.2 Violation of an Air Quality Standard 21 4.2.1 Construction Impacts 21 4.2.2 Operational Impacts 25 4.3 Cumulatively Considerable Net Increase of Nonattairmient Pollutants 28 4.4 Exposure of Sensitive Receptors to Substantial Pollutant Concentrations 30 4.5 Objectionable Odors 31 5.0 Mitigation Measures 32 6.0 Summary and Conclusions 33 7.0 References 34 Air Quality Technical Report i 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project Glossary of Terms and Acronyms APCD AQIA AQMD AQMP ARB BACM BACT BMPs CAA CAAQS CALINE4 Caltrans CCAA CO EPA H2S HARP HI ISCST mg/m^ |ig/m^ NAAQS NOx NO2 O3 PM2.5 PM,o ppm PSD RAQS ROCs ROG SANDAG SCAQMD SCAB SDAB SDAPCD Sff SOx SO2 TACs Air Pollution Control District Air Quality Impact Assessment Air Quality Management District Air Quality Management Plan Califomia Air Resources Board Best Available Control Measure Best Available Control Technology Best Management Practices Clean Air Act (Federal) Caiifomia Ambient Air Quality Standard Califomia Line Source Dispersion Model (Version 4) CaUfomia Department of Transportation Califomia Clean Air Act Carbon Monoxide United States Environmental Protection Agency Hydrogen Sulfide HotSpots Analysis and Reporting Program Hazard Index Industrial Source Complex Short Term Model Milligrams per Cubic Meter Micrograms per Cubic Meter National Ambient Air Quality Standard Oxides of Nitrogen Nitrogen Dioxide Ozone Fine Particulate Matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microns or less Respirable Particulate Matter (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns or less Parts per million Prevention of Significant Deterioration San Diego County Regional Air Quality Strategy Reactive Organic Compounds Reactive Organic Gases San Diego Association of Govemments South Coast Air Quality Management District South Coast Air Basin San Diego Air Basin San Diego County Air Pollution Control District State Implementation Plan Oxides of Sulfur Sulfur Dioxide Toxic Air Contaminants Air Quality Technical Report Palomar Airport Commons Project 05/18/10 T-BACT Toxics Best Available Control Technology VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds Air Quality Technical Report iii 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project 1.0 Introduction This report presents an assessment of potential air quality impacts associated with the Palomar Airport Commons Project in the City of Carlsbad. The evaluation addresses the potential for greenhouse-gas emissions during constmction and after foil buildout of the project. The Project involves the commercial development of an approximately 16.0-acre site located within the City of Carlsbad. The site constitutes a portion of APN 213-020-18, which is owned by the County of San Diego. The project site is situated at the southwest comer of the intersection of Palomar Airport Road and El Camino Real, immediately south of McClellen- Palomar Airport. Surrounding land uses include industrial, open space, and residential. The project proposes the addition of approximately 185,244 square feet (sf) of commercial building area, a total of 659 parking spaces, landscaping, and utilities. In addition to the on- site development with its associated intemal roads, the project will involve relocation of a right-in/right-out driveway access at the southeast comer of the project site and off-site road improvements at the project's proposed access point on Palomar Airport Road. Improvements at Palomar Airport Road include a new traffic signal and access driveway to the project site, as well as the potential widening of Palomar Airport Road to accommodate dedicated tum lanes and pockets for ingress and egress to the site. The project may also involve cormecting the project site to the adjacent Coxmty-maintained animal shelter to the west ofthe project. The proposed uses for each pad are as follows: • Pad A: Two-story bank (6,000 sf) and retail, unknown tenant at this time (4,500 sf) • Pad B: Gas station and convenience store (3,770 sf) • Pad C: Retail, unknown tenant at this time (4,000 sf) • Retail D: Retail, unknown tenant at this time (8,000 sf) • Retail E: Retail, unknown tenant at this time (5,000 sf) Air Quality Technical Report 1 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project • Retail F: Retail, home improvement store (Lowe's) (122,256 sf main store and 31,718 sf garden center for a total of 153,974 sf) Existing uses on the project site include a resort hotel and spa (Olympic Resort), which includes five tennis court, two pools, a driving range, and associated buildings. Site stmctures are currently being demolished by the existing lessee and will be complete prior to initiating grading for the proposed project. A detention basin is present between the site and the animal shelter to the west. The site is developed or highly disturbed with little to no native vegetation (all the onsite trees are eucalyptus or omamentals). This Air Quality Technical Report includes an evaluation of existing conditions in the project vicinity, an assessment of potential impacts associated with project constmction, and an evaluation of project operational impacts. 2.0 Existing Conditions The following section provides information about the existing air quality regulatory framework, climate, air pollutants and sources, and sensitive receptors in the project area. 2.1 Regulatory Framework 2.1.1 Federal Regulations Air quality is defined by ambient air concentrations of specific pollutants identified by the United States Enviromnental Protection Agency (EPA) to be of concem with respect to health and welfare of the general public. The EPA is responsible for enforcing the Federal Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1970 and its 1977 and 1990 Amendments. The CAA required the EPA to establish National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), which identify concentrations of pollutants in the ambient air below which no adverse effects on the public health and welfare are anticipated. In response, the EPA established both primary and secondary standards for seven pollutants (called "criteria" pollutants). The seven pollutants regulated under the A ir Quality Technical Report 2 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project NAAQS are as follows: ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), respirable particulate matter (or particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns or less, PMio), fine particulate matter (or particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microns or less, PM2.5), sulfor dioxide (SO2), and lead (Pb). Primary standards are designed to protect human health with an adequate margin of safety. Secondary standards are designed to protect property and the public welfare from air pollutants in the atmosphere. Areas that do not meet the NAAQS for a particular pollutant are considered to be "nonattairunent areas" for that pollutant. In September 1997, the EPA promulgated 8-hour O3 and 24-hour and annual PM2.5 national standards. As a result, this action has initiated a new plarming process to monitor and evaluate emission control measures for these pollutants. On April 15, 2004, the San Diego Air Basin (SDAB) was designated a basic nonattainment area for the 8-hour NAAQS for O3. In 2009 the EPA was challenged on its justification for "basic" designations. The EPA subsequently released proposed redesignation classifications for all areas that were classified as "basic" nonattainment. The SDAB would be redesignated as a moderate O3 nonattainment area under the revised classifications. The SDAB is in attainment for the NAAQS for all other criteria pollutants. The following specific descriptions of health effects for each of the criteria air pollutants associated with project constmction and operations are based on EPA (EPA 2007a) and the Califomia Air Resources Board (ARB) (ARB 2005). Ozone. O3 is considered a photochemical oxidant, which is a chemical that is formed when reactive organic gases (ROG) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), both by-products of combustion, react in the presence of ultraviolet light. O3 is considered a respiratory irritant and prolonged exposure can reduce lung function, aggravate asthma and increase susceptibility to respiratory infections. Children and those with existing respiratory diseases are at greatest risk from exposure to O3. Air Quality Technical Report 3 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project Carbon Monoxide. CO is a product of combustion, and the main source of CO in the SDAB is from motor vehicle exhaust. CO is an odorless, colorless gas. CO affects red blood cells in the body by binding to hemoglobin and reducing the amount of oxygen that can be carried to the body's organs and tissues. CO can cause health effects to those with cardiovascular disease, and can also affect mental alertness and vision. Nitrogen Dioxide. NO2 is also a by-product of foel combustion, and is formed both directly as a product of combustion and in the atmosphere through the reaction of nitrogen oxide (NO) with oxygen. NO2 is a respiratory irritant and may affect those with existing respiratory illness, including asthma. NO2 can also increase the risk of respiratory illness. Respirable Particulate Matter and Fine Particulate Matter. Respirable particulate matter, or PMio, refers to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 microns or less. Fine particulate matter, or PM2.5, refers to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 microns or less. Particulate matter in this size range has been determined to have the potential to lodge in the lungs and contribute to respiratory problems. PMio and PM2.5 arise from a variety of sources, including road dust, diesel exhaust, combustion, tire and brake wear, constmction operations and windblown dust. PMio and PM2.5 can increase susceptibility to respiratory infections and can aggravate existing respiratory diseases such as asthma and chronic bronchitis. PM2.5 is considered to have the potential to lodge deeper in the lungs. Sulfur dioxide. SO2 is a colorless, reactive gas that is produced from the buming of sulfur- containing foels such as coal and oil, and by other industrial processes. Generally, the highest concentrations of SO2 are found near large industrial sources. SO2 is a respiratory irritant that can cause narrowing of the airways leading to wheezing and shortness of breath. Long-term exposure to SO2 can cause respiratory illness and aggravate existing cardiovascular disease. Lead. Pb in the atmosphere occurs as particulate matter. Pb has historically been emitted from vehicles combusting leaded gasoline, as well as from industrial sources. With the phase- out of leaded gasoline, large manufacturing facilities are the sources of the largest amounts of Air Quality Technical Report 4 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project lead emissions. Pb has the potential to cause gastrointestinal, central nervous system, kidney and blood diseases upon prolonged exposure. Pb is also classified as a probable human carcinogen. 2.1.2 State Regulations California Clean Air Act. The Califomia Clean Air Act was signed into law on September 30, 1988, and became effective on January 1, 1989. The Act requires that local air districts implement regulations to reduce emissions from mobile sources through the adoption and enforcement of transportation control measures. The Califomia Clean Air Act required the SDAB to achieve a five percent annual reduction in ozone precursor emissions from 1987 until the standards are attained. If this reduction caimot be achieved, all feasible control measures must be implemented. Furthermore, the Califomia Clean Air Act required local air districts to implement a Best Available Control Technology mle and to require emission offsets for nonattairmient pollutants. The ARB is the state regulatory agency with authority to enforce regulations to both achieve and maintain air quality in the state. The ARB is responsible for the development, adoption, and enforcement of the state's motor vehicle emissions program, as well as the adoption of the Califomia Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS). The ARB also reviews operations and programs of the local air districts, and requires each air district with jurisdiction over a nonattainment area to develop its own strategy for achieving the NAAQS and CAAQS. The CAA allows states to adopt ambient air quality standards and other regulations provided they are at least as stringent as federal standards. The ARB has established the more stringent CAAQS for the six criteria pollutants through the Califomia Clean Air Act of 1988, and also has established CAAQS for additional pollutants, including sulfates, hydrogen sulfide, vinyl chloride and visibility-reducing particles. The SDAB is currently classified as a nonattainment area under the CAAQS for O3, PMio, and PM2.5- It should be noted that the ARB does not differentiate between attainment of the 1-hour and 8-hour CAAQS for O3; therefore, if an air basin records exceedances of either standard the area is considered a nonattainment area for the CAAQS for O3. The SDAB has recorded exceedances of both the Air Quality Technical Report 5 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project 1-hour and 8-hour CAAQS for O3. The following specific descriptions of health effects for the additional Califomia criteria air pollutants are based on the ARB (ARB 2001). Sulfates. Sulfates are the folly oxidized ionic form of sulfor. In Califomia, emissions of sulfor compounds occur primarily from the combustion of petroleum-derived foels (e.g., gasoline and diesel foel) that contain sulfor. This sulfor is oxidized to sulfor dioxide (SO2) during the combustion process and subsequently converted to sulfate compounds in the atmosphere. The conversion of SO2 to sulfates takes place comparatively rapidly and completely in urban areas of Califomia due to regional meteorological features. The ARB's sulfates standard is designed to prevent aggravation of respiratory symptoms. Effects of sulfate exposure at levels above the standard include a decrease in ventilatory fonction, aggravation of asthmatic symptoms and an increased risk of cardio-pulmonary disease. Sulfates are particularly effective in degrading visibility, and due to fact that they are usually acidic, can harm ecosystems and damage materials and property. Hydrogen Sulfide. H2S is a colorless gas with the odor of rotten eggs. It is formed during bacterial decomposition of sulfor-containing organic substances. Also, it can be present in sewer gas and some natural gas, and can be emitted as the result of geothermal energy exploitation. Breathing H2S at levels above the standard would result in exposure to a very disagreeable odor. In 1984, an ARB committee concluded that the ambient standard for H2S is adequate to protect public health and to significantly reduce odor annoyance. Vinyl Chloride. Vinyl chloride, a chlorinated hydrocarbon, is a colorless gas with a mild, sweet odor. Most vinyl chloride is used to make polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic and vinyl products. Vinyl chloride has been detected near landfills, sewage plants and hazardous waste sites, due to microbial breakdown of chlorinated solvents. Short-term exposure to high levels of vinyl chloride in air causes central nervous system effects, such as dizziness, drowsiness and headaches. Long-term exposure to vinyl chloride through inhalation and oral exposure causes liver damage. Cancer is a major concem fi-om exposure to vinyl chloride via inhalation. Vinyl chloride exposure has been shown to increase the risk of angiosarcoma, a rare form of liver cancer, in humans. A ir Quality Technical Report 6 05/7 8/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project Visibility Reducing Particles. Visibility-reducing particles consist of suspended particulate matter, which is a complex mixture of tiny particles that consists of dry solid fragments, solid cores with liquid coatings, and small droplets of liquid. These particles vary greatly in shape, size and chemical composition, and can be made up of many different materials such as metals, soot, soil, dust, and salt. The CAAQS is intended to limit the frequency and severity of visibility impairment due to regional haze. A separate standard for visibility-reducing particles that is applicable only in the Lake Tahoe Air Basin is based on reduction in scenic quality. Table 1 presents a summary of the ambient air quality standards adopted by the federal and Cahfomia Clean Air Acts. A ir Quality Technical Report 7 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project Table 1 POLLUTANT AVERAGE TIME CALIFORNIA STANDARDS NATIONAL STANDARDS POLLUTANT AVERAGE TIME Concentration Measurement Method Primary Secondary Measurement Method Ozone (O3) 1 hour 0.09 ppm (180ng/m') Ultraviolet Photometry 0.12 ppm (235 ugW) 0.12 ppm (235 ^g/m2) Ethylene Chemiluminescence Ozone (O3) 8 hour 0.070 ppm (137 us/m') Ultraviolet Photometry 0.075 ppm (147 m/m') 0.075 ppm (147 ugW) Ethylene Chemiluminescence Carbon Monoxide (CO) 8 hours 9.0 ppm (10 mgW) Non-Dispersive Infrared Spectroscopy (NDIR) 9 ppm (lOmg/m') None Non-Dispersive Infrared Spectroscopy (NDIR) Carbon Monoxide (CO) 1 hour 20 ppm (23 mgW) Non-Dispersive Infrared Spectroscopy (NDIR) 35 ppm (40 mg/m^) None Non-Dispersive Infrared Spectroscopy (NDIR) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Annual Average 0.030 ppm (56 ufi/m') Gas Phase Chemiluminescence 0.053 ppm (100 ugW) 0.053 ppm (100 ufiW) Gas Phase Chemiluminescence Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 1 hour 0.18 ppm (338 ugW) Gas Phase Chemiluminescence 0.100 ppm (188 ug/m') 0.100 ppm (188 ng/m') Gas Phase Chemiluminescence Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Annual Average ~ Ultraviolet Fluorescence 0.03 ppm (80 ngW) - Pararosaniline Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 24 hours 0.04 ppm (105 ^g/m^) Ultraviolet Fluorescence 0.14 ppm (365 ug/m^) - Pararosaniline Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 3 hours ~ Ultraviolet Fluorescence -0.5 ppm (1300 ug/m') Pararosaniline Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 1 hour 0.25 ppm (655 ufi/m^) Ultraviolet Fluorescence ~ - Pararosaniline Respirable Particulate Matter (PM,o) 24 hours 50 Mg/m^ Gravimetric or Beta Attenuation 150 ng/m^ 150ng/m' Inertial Separation and Gravimetric Analysis Respirable Particulate Matter (PM,o) Annual Arithmetic Mean 20 ^g/m^ Gravimetric or Beta Attenuation ~ - Inertial Separation and Gravimetric Analysis Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Annual Arithmetic Mean 12 ^g/m^ Gravimetric or Beta Attenuation 15 ng/m' 15^g/m' Inertial Separation and Gravimetric Analysis Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 24 hours ~ Gravimetric or Beta Attenuation 35 ng/m^ 35 ng/m' Inertial Separation and Gravimetric Analysis Sulfates 24 hours 25 ng/m' Ion Chromatography — — ~ Lead (Pb) 30-day Average 1.5 ^g/m^ Atomic Absorption -- Atomic Absorption Lead (Pb) Calendar Quarter ~ Atomic Absorption 1.5 ngW 1.5 ng/m^ Atomic Absorption Lead (Pb) 3-month Rolling Average -- Atomic Absorption 0.15 ng/m^ 0.15 ^g/m' Atomic Absorption Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) 1 hour 0.03 ppm (42 (xg/m') Ultraviolet Fluorescence -- Vinyl Chloride 24 hours 0.010 ppm (26 lig/m') Gas Chromatography ~ -~ ppm= parts per million Hg/m^ = micrograms per cubic meter mg/m^= milligrams per cubic meter Source: Califomia Air Resources Board 2010, http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/aaqs/aaqs2.pdf Air Quality Technical Report Palomar Airport Commons Project 05/18/10 Toxic Air Contaminants. In 1983, the Califomia Legislature enacted a program to identify the health effects of Toxic Air Contaminants (TACs) and to reduce exposure to these contaminants to protect the public health (AB 1807: Health and Safety Code sections 39650- 39674). The Legislature established a two-step process to address the potential health effects from TACs. The first step is the risk assessment (or identification) phase. The second step is the risk management (or control) phase ofthe process. The State of Califomia has identified diesel particulate matter as a TAC. Diesel particulate matter is emitted from on- and off-road vehicles that utilize diesel as foel. Following identification of diesel particulate matter as a TAC in 1998, the ARB has worked on developing strategies and regulations aimed at reducing the emissions and associated risk from diesel particulate matter. The overall strategy for achieving these reductions is found in the Risk Reduction Plan to Reduce Particulate Matter from Diesel-Fueled Engines and Vehicles (State of Califomia 2000). A stated goal of the plan is to reduce the cancer risk statewide arising from exposure to diesel particulate matter by 75 percent by 2010 and by 85 percent by 2020. The Risk Reduction Plan contains the following three components: • New regulatory standards for all new on-road, off-road and stationary diesel-foeled engines and vehicles to reduce diesel particulate matter emissions by about 90 percent overall from current levels; . New retrofit requirements for existing on-road, off-road and stationary diesel-foeled engines and vehicles where determined to be technically feasible and cost-effective; and • New Phase 2 diesel foel regulations to reduce the sulfor content levels of diesel foel to no more than 15 ppm to provide the quality of diesel foel needed by the advanced diesel particulate matter emission controls. A number of programs and strategies to reduce diesel particulate matter are in place or are in the process of being developed as part of the ARB's Diesel Risk Reduction Program. Some Air Quality Technical Report 9 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project of these programs and strategies include those that would apply to constmction and operation ofthe Palomar Airport Commons Project, including the following: In 2001, the ARB adopted new particulate matter and NOx emission standards to clean up large diesel engines that power big-rig tmcks, trash tmcks, delivery vans and other large vehicles. The new standard for particulate matter takes effect in 2007 and reduces emissions to 0.01 gram of particulate matter per brake horsepower-hour (g/bhp-hr.) This is a 90 percent reduction from the existing particulate matter standard. New engines will meet the 0.01 g/bhp-hr particulate matter standard with the aid of diesel particulate filters that trap the particulate matter before exhaust leaves the vehicle. ARB has worked closely with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) on developing new particulate matter and NOx standards for engines used in offroad equipment such as backhoes, graders, and farm equipment. U.S EPA has proposed new standards that would reduce the emission from off-road engines to similar levels to the on-road engines discussed above by 2010 - 2012. These new engine standards were adopted as part of the Clean Air Nonroad Diesel Final Rule in 2004. Once approved by U.S. EPA, ARB will adopt these as the applicable state standards for new off-road engines. These standards will reduce diesel particulate matter emission by over 90 percent from new off-road engines currently sold in CaHfomia. The ARB has adopted several regulations that will reduce diesel emissions from in-use vehicles and engines throughout Califomia. In some cases, the particulate matter reduction strategies also reduce smog-forming emissions such as NOx. As an ongoing process, the ARB reviews air contaminants and identifies those that are classified as TACs. The ARB also continues to establish new programs and regulations for the control of TACs, including diesel particulate matter, as appropriate. The local air pollution control district (APCD) has the primary responsibility for the development and implementation of mles and regulations designed to attain the NAAQS and CAAQS, as well as the permitting of new or modified sources, development of air quality management plans, and adoption and enforcement of air pollution regulations. The San Diego APCD is the local agency responsible for the administration and enforcement of air quality regulations in San Diego County. A ir Quality Technical Report 10 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project The APCD and the San Diego Association of Govemments (SANDAG) are responsible for developing and implementing the clean air plan for attainment and maintenance of the ambient air quality standards in the SDAB. The San Diego County Regional Air Quality Strategy (RAQS) was initially adopted in 1991, and is updated on a trieimial basis. The RAQS was updated in 1995, 1998, 2001, 2004 and most recently in 2009 (APCD 2009). The RAQS outlines APCD's plans and control measures designed to attain the state air quality standards for O3. The RAQS does not address the state air quality standards for PMio or PM2.5. The APCD has also developed the air basin's input to the State Implementation Plan (SIP), which is required under the Federal Clean Air Act for areas that are out of attainment of air quality standards. The SIP includes the APCD's plans and control measures for attaining the O3 NAAQS. The SIP is also updated on a triennial basis. The latest SIP update was submitted by the ARB to the EPA in 1998, and the APCD is in the process of updating its SIP to reflect the new 8-hour O3 NAAQS. To that end, the APCD has developed its Eight-Hour Ozone Attainment Plan for San Diego County (hereinafter referred to as the Attaimnent Plan) (APCD 2007). The Attainment Plan forms the basis for the SIP update, as it contains documentation on emission inventories and trends, the APCD's emission control strategy, and an attainment demonstration that shows that the SDAB will meet the NAAQS for O3. Emission inventories, projections, and trends in the Attainment Plan are based on the latest O3 SIP planning emission projections compiled and maintained by ARB. Supporting data were developed jointly by stakeholder agencies, including ARB, the APCD, the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), the Southem Califomia Association of Govemments (SCAG), and SANDAG. Each agency plays a role in collecting and reviewing data as necessary to generate comprehensive emission inventories. The supporting data include socio-economic projections, industrial and travel activity levels, emission factors, and emission speciation profiles. These projections are based on data submitted by stakeholder agencies including projections in municipal General Plans. The ARB compiles annual statewide emission inventories in its emission-related information database, the Califomia Emission Inventory Development and Reporting System (CEIDARS). Emission projections for past and fofore years were generated using the Cahfomia Emission Forecasting System (CEFS), developed by ARB to project emission trends and track progress A ir Quality Technical Report 11 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project towards meeting emission reduction goals and mandates. CEFS utilizes the most current growth and emissions control data available and agreed upon by the stakeholder agencies to provide comprehensive projections of anthropogenic (human activity-related) emissions for any year from 1975 through 2030. Local air districts are responsible for compiling emissions data for all point sources and many stationary area-wide sources. For mobile sources, CEFS integrates emission estimates from ARB's EMFAC2007 and OFFROAD models. SCAG and SANDAG incorporate data regarding highway and transit projects into their Travel Demand Models for estimating and projecting vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and speed. The ARB's on-road emissions inventory in EMFAC2007 relies on these VMT and speed estimates. To complete the inventory, estimates of biogenic (naturally occurring) emissions are developed by ARB using the Biogenic Emissions Inventory Geographic Information System (BEIGIS) model. Because the ARB mobile source emission projections and SANDAG growth projections are based on population and vehicle trends and land use plans developed by the cities and by the County as part of the development of General Plans, projects that propose development that is consistent with the growth anticipated by the general plans would be consistent with the RAQS and the Attainment Plan. In the event that a project would propose development which is less dense than anticipated within the general plan, the project would likewise be consistent with the RAQS and the Attaiimient Plan. If a project proposes development that is greater than that anticipated in the general plan and SANDAG's growth projections, the project might be in conflict with the RAQS and SIP, and might have a potentially significant impact on air quality. 2.1.3 Local Regulations The project site is located in the City of Carlsbad. The City of Carlsbad has not developed specific regulations or significance thresholds for air quality. In San Diego County, the SDAPCD is the regulatory agency that is responsible for maintaining air quality, including implementation and enforcement of state and federal regulations. A ir Quality Technical Report 12 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project 2.2 Climate and Meteorology The project site is located in the SDAB. The climate of the SDAB is dominated by a semi- permanent high pressure cell located over the Pacific Ocean. This cell influences the direction of prevailing winds (westerly to northwesterly) and maintains clear skies for much ofthe year. Figure 1 provides a graphic representation ofthe prevailing winds in the project vicinity, as measured at MCAS Miramar, which is the closest meteorological monitoring station to the site, and provides general wind trends in the County. The high pressure cell also creates two types of temperature inversions that may act to degrade local air quality. Subsidence inversions occur during the warmer months as descending air associated with the Pacific high pressure cell comes into contact with cool marine air. The boundary between the two layers of air creates a temperature inversion that traps pollutants. The other type of inversion, a radiation inversion, develops on winter nights when air near the ground cools by heat radiation and air aloft remains warm. The shallow inversion layer formed between these two air masses also can trap pollutants. As the pollutants become more concentrated in the atmosphere, photochemical reactions occur that produce ozone, commonly known as smog. 2.3 Background Air Oualitv The APCD operates a network of ambient air monitoring stations throughout San Diego County. The purpose of the monitoring stations is to measure ambient concentrations of the pollutants and determine whether the ambient air quality meets the CAAQS and the NAAQS. The nearest ambient monitoring station to the project site is the Camp Pendleton monitoring station, which measures O3, and NO2, and commenced monitoring PM2.5 at the end of 2008. The nearest monitoring station that measures all other pollutants except SO2 is located in Escondido. The nearest monitoring station that measures SO2 in San Diego County is located in downtown San Diego. Ambient concentrations of pollutants over the last five years are presented in Table 2. A ir Quality Technical Report 13 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project The 8-hour federal ozone standard, which was lowered in 2008 from 0.08 ppm to 0.075 ppm, was exceeded at the Camp Pendleton monitoring station twice in 2008 and once in 2009. Exceedances of the Califomia 24-hour PMio and PM2.5 standards were measured in 2007 during the southem Califomia fire event. The NAAQS for PM2.5 was exceeded in 2007 during and subsequent to the southern Califomia fire event. The data from the monitoring station indicates that air quality is in attainment of all other air quality standards. Wlndrose - mi Figure 1, Wind Rose - MCAS Miramar Air Quality Technical Report Palomar Airpori Commons Project 14 05/18/10 Table 2 Ambient Background Concentrations (ppm unless otherwise indicated) Pollutant Averaging Time 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Most Stringent Ambient Air Quality Standard Monitoring Station Ozone 8 hour 0.074 0.073 0.074 0.076 0.076 0.070 Camp Pendleton 1 hour 0.090 0.086 0.083 0.104 0.090 0.09 Camp Pendleton PM,o' Annual 23.9 24.1 26.7 24.6 24.6 20 |ig/m^ Escondido |ig/m^ Hg/m^ Hg/m' |xg/m^ Hg/m^ 24 hour 42 51 68 82 73 50 ng/m^ Escondido \ig/m^ Hg/m' Hg/m' Hg/m^ ^g/m^ PM2.5' Annual 12.3 Hg/m^ 11.5 Hg/m^ 13.3 \ig/w? 12.4 Hg/m^ NA 12 |xg/m' Escondido 24 hour 43.1 40.6 126.2 31.3 26.9 35 ng/m^ Escondido ^lgW Hg/m' Hg/m^ Hg/m^ Hg/m' NO2 Annual 0.012 0.011 0.010 0.010 0.010 0.030 Camp Pendleton 1 hour 0.077 0.081 0.068 0.089 0.068 0.100 Camp Pendleton CO 8 hour 3.10 3.61 3.19 2.81 3.24 9.0 Escondido 1 hour 5.9 5.7 5.2 4.6 NA 20 Escondido SO, Annual 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.03 San Diego 24 hour 0.005 0.009 0.006 0.007 0.006 0.014 San Diego 3 hour 0.009 0.013 0.007 0.005 NA 0.5^ San Diego 1 hour 0.016 0.017 0.012 0.010 NA 0.25 San Diego The maximum particulate matter measurements occurred in 2007 during the southem Califomia fire event. ^Secondary NAAQS ^ NA - data not available Source: mvw.arb.ca.gov/aqd/aqd.htm (Measurements of all pollutants) WW-w.epa.gov/air/data^monvals.html (1-hour and 3-hour SO2 and 1-hour CO) 3.0 Thresholds of Significance The State of Califomia has developed guidelines to address the significance of air quality impacts based on Appendix G of the State CEQA Guidelines. According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, the Proposed Project would have a significant impact on air quality if: 1. It conflicts with or obstmcts the implementation of the San Diego Regional Air Quality Strategy (RAQS) or applicable portions of the State Implementation Plan (SIP); Air Quality Technical Report Palomar Airport Commons Project 15 05/18/10 2. It violates any air quality standard or contributes substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation; 3. It results in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard. In the SDAB, the project region is non-attainment for the federal standard for O3 and the state standards for O3, PMio, and PM2.5. 4. It exposes sensitive receptors (including, but not limited to, schools, hospitals, resident care facilities, parks, or day-care centers) to substantial pollutant concentrations; or 5. It creates objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people. The City of Carlsbad has not adopted specific emission thresholds by which to evaluate the significance of air quaUty impacts of projects within its jurisdiction. However, stationary source thresholds identified by the local air pollution control agency are often used as quantitative significance thresholds to evaluate whether emissions have the potential to result in a significant impact on the ambient air quality. The San Diego APCD has established emission thresholds for stationary sources in Rules 20.2 and 20.3, above which a source would be required to conduct an air quality impact assessment to demonstrate that the project would not cause or contribute to a violation of an air quality standard. These emission thresholds provide a basis for evaluating whether a project's emissions could result in an adverse air quality impacts. The San Diego APCD emission thresholds are shown in Table 3. While these thresholds do not apply to mobile sources specifically, they are used by the City of San Diego as significance thresholds (City of San Diego 2007) and because the City of Carlsbad has not adopted significance thresholds, the City's thresholds are used to evaluate the potential for significant impacts. Should emissions exceed the thresholds in Table 3, forther evaluation may be conducted to determine whether, as discussed above under Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, the project would violate any air quality standard or contributes substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation. To conduct this forther evaluation for attainment pollutants such as CO and SOx, an air quality impact assessment may be conducted to determine whether the project would result in an exceedance of an air quality standard. Air Quality Technical Report 16 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project Table 3 Quantitative Significance Thresholds Pollutant Total Emissions Lb. per Day Respirable Particulate Matter (PMio) 100 Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5)'' 55 Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) 250 Oxides of Sulfur (SOx) 250 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 550 Reactive Organic Gases (ROG)^ 137 "Threshold for PM2.5 from SCAQMD ''Threshold for ROG from City of San Diego Significance Determination Thresholds (City of San Diego 2007) For nonattainment pollutants (ozone, with ozone precursors NOx and ROG), PM2.5, iand PMio, modeling is not generally conducted because background ambient levels already exceed the air quality standards. If emissions of nonattainment pollutants or precursors exceed the thresholds shown in Table 4, the project would have the potential to result in a cumulatively considerable net increase in these pollutants and thus would have a significant impact on the ambient air quality. In addition to impacts from criteria pollutants, project impacts may include emissions of pollutants identified by the state and federal govemment as toxic air contaminants (TACs) or Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs). In San Diego County, APCD Regulation XII establishes acceptable risk levels and emission control requirements for new and modified facilities that may emit additional TACs. Under Rule 1200, permits will be granted to a source with a risk of 10 in 1 million or less provided the source implements Toxics-Best Available Control Technology. Under Rule 1210, emissions of TACs that result in a cancer risk of 10 in 1 million or less and a health hazard index of one or less would not be required to notify the public of potential health risks. If a project has the potential to result in emissions of any TAC or HAP which result in a cancer risk of greater than 10 in 1 million, the project would be deemed to have a potentially significant impact. With regard to evaluating whether a project would have a significant impact on sensitive receptors, air quality regulators typically define sensitive receptors as residences, schools (Preschool-12* Grade), hospitals, resident care facilities, parks, or day-care centers, or other Air Quality Technical Report 17 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project facilities that may house individuals with health conditions that would be adversely impacted by changes in air quality. Any project which has the potential to directly impact a sensitive receptor located within 1 mile and results in a health risk greater than 10 in 1 million would be deemed to have a potentially significant impact. APCD Rule 51 (Public Nuisance) also prohibits emission of any material which causes nuisance to a considerable number of persons or endangers the comfort, health or safety of any person. A project that proposes a use which would produce objectionable odors would be deemed to have a significant odor impact if it would affect a considerable number of offsite receptors. The APCD is also in the process of adopting Rule 55, which regulates emissions of fogitive dust. The impacts associated with constmction and operation of the project were evaluated for significance based on these significance criteria. 4.0 Impacts The Palomar Airport Commons Project would result in both constmction and operational impacts. Constmction impacts include emissions associated with the constmction of the project. Operational impacts include emissions associated with the project, including traffic, at foil buildout. 4.1 Consistency with the RAQS and SIP The Proposed Project would have a significant impact if it conflicts with or obstructs implementation of the applicable air quality plans (the RAQS and SIP). As discussed in Section 2.1, the SP is the document that sets forth the state's strategies for attaining and maintaining the NAAQS. The APCD is responsible for developing the San Diego portion of the SIP, and has developed an attainment plan for attaining the 8-hour NAAQS for O3. The RAQS sets forth the plans and programs designed to meet the state air A ir Quality Technical Report 18 05/78/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project quality standards. Through the RAQS and SIP planning processes, the APCD adopts mles, regulations, and programs designed to achieve attainment of the ambient air quality standards and maintain air quality in the SDAB. Conformance with the RAQS and SIP determines whether a Project will conflict with or obstmct implementation of the applicable air quality plans. The basis for the RAQS and SIP is the distribution of population in the San Diego region as projected by SANDAG. Growth forecasting is based in part on the land uses established by the General Plan. The RAQS and SIP address air emissions and impacts from industrial sources, area-wide sources, and mobile sources. The programs also consider transportation control measures and indirect source review. Industrial sources are typically stationary air pollution sources that are subject to APCD mles and regulations, and over which the APCD has regulatory authority. Area-wide sources include sources such as consumer products use, small utility engines, hot water heaters, and fomaces. Both the ARB and the APCD have authority to regulate these sources and have developed plans and programs to reduce emissions from certain types of area-wide sources. Mobile sources are principally emissions from motor vehicles. The ARB establishes emission standards for motor vehicles and establishes regulations for other mobile source activities including off-road vehicles. Both the RAQS and SIP address emissions of ozone precursors (ROG and NOx), as the SDAB is classified as a basic nonattairunent area for the NAAQS and a nonattainment area for the CAAQS. The RAQS and SIP do not address particulate matter. The Califomia CAA requires an air quality strategy to achieve a 5% average annual ozone precursor emission reduction when implemented or, if that is not achievable, an expeditious schedule for adopting every feasible emission control measure under air district purview (Califomia Health and Safety Code (H&SC) Section 40914). The current RAQS represents an expeditious schedule for adopting feasible control measures, since neither San Diego nor any air district in the State has demonstrated sustained 5% average annual ozone precursor reductions. Air Quality Technical Report 19 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project M Most of the control measures adopted in the RAQS apply to industrial sources and specific source categories. There are no specific mles and regulations that apply to constmction or operational sources associated with the Palomar Airport Commons Project; however, off-road equipment and on-road vehicles involved in constmction would be required to comply with ARB emission standards. In 1992 SANDAG adopted Transportation Control Measures for the Air Quality Plan which set forth 11 tactics aimed at reducing traffic congestion and motor vehicle emissions within the SDAB. For each of these tactics, the Transportation Control Measures evaluated the potential emissions reductions on a region-wide basis. The tactics include the following: Commute travel reduction program High school, college, and university travel reduction program Goods movement/tmck operation program Non-commute travel reduction program Transit improvements and expansion Vanpool program High occupancy vehicle lanes Park and ride facilities Bicycle facilities Traffic flow improvements Indirect source control program The tactic that is most applicable to the proposed Project is the indirect source control program. The Transportation Control Measures adopted by SANDAG identified job-housing balance, mixed use, and transit corridor development as criteria for indirect source control. As part of job-housing balance, SANDAG indicated that land use policies and programs shall be established to attract appropriate employers to residential areas and to encourage appropriate housing in and near industrial and business areas. Mixed use development should be designed to maximize walking and minimize vehicle use by providing housing, Air Quality Technical Report 20 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project employment, education, shopping, recreation and any support facilities within convenient proximity. The Palomar Airport Commons Project meets the criteria ofthe RAQS, SIP, and SANDAG's Transportation Control Measures as it provides commercial uses and employment in an area surrounded by residential uses. The Project is located with close proximity to transit, and is also within walking distance of residential uses to the east, and a short distance to other residential uses in the surrounding area. The Project is also located within a commercial area and will provide the area with retail and restaurant uses. Accordingly the proposed Project is consistent with the applicable air quality plans, and would not result in a significant impact. 4.2 Violation of an Air Quality Standard The Proposed Project would have a significant impact if it violates any air quality standard or contributes substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation. To address this significance threshold, an evaluation of emissions associated with both the constmction and operational phases of the Project was conducted. 4.2.1 Constmction Impacts Emissions of pollutants such as fogitive dust and heavy equipment exhaust that are generated during constmction are generally highest near the constmction site. Emissions from the constmction of the project were estimated using the URBEMIS Model, Version 9.2.4 (Rimpo and Associates 2007). It was assumed that constmction would require the following phases: fine grading, building constmction, paving, and architectural coatings application. The URBEMIS Model provides default assumptions regarding horsepower rating, load factors for heavy equipment, and hours of operation per day. Default assumptions within the URBEMIS Model were used to represent operation of heavy constmction equipment. Table 4 A ir Quality Technical Report 21 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project provides estimates of constmction equipment requirements for the project for each phase of constmction, as estimated by the URBEMIS Model for each phase of constmction. Table 4 Construction Equipment Requirements Equipment Description hp Load Factor Hours/day Quantity Mass Grading Graders 174 0.61 8 1 Rubber Tired Dozers 357 0.59 8 1 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 108 0.55 8 2 Water Tmcks 189 0.5 8 1 Utilities Installation (Trenching) Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 108 0.55 8 1 Trenchers 63 0.75 8 1 Excavators 168 0.57 8 2 Building Construction Crane 399 0.43 8 1 Forklifts 145 0.3 8 2 Generator Set 49 0.74 8 1 Tractors/Loaders/B ackhoes 108 0.55 8 1 Welders 45 0.45 8 3 Pcrving Cement and Mortar Mixers 10 0.56 8 4 Tractors/Loaders/B ackhoes 108 0.55 8 1 Pavers 100 0.62 8 1 Paving Equipment 104 0.53 8 2 Rollers 95 0.56 8 1 Constmction calculations within the URBEMIS Model utilize the number and type of equipment shown in Table 4 to calculate emissions fi^om heavy constmction equipment. The methodology used involves multiplication of the number of pieces of each type of equipment times the equipment horsepower rating, load factor, and OFFROAD emission factor, as shown in the equation below: Emissions, lbs/day = (Number of pieces of equipment) x (equipment horsepower) x (load factor) x (hours of operation per day) x (OFFROAD emission factor, Ibs/hp-hr) Air Quality Technical Report Palomar Airport Commons Project 22 05/18/10 In addition to calculating emissions from heavy constmction equipment, the URBEMIS Model contains calculation modules to estimate emissions of fogitive dust, based on the amount of earthmoving or surface disturbance required; emissions from heavy-duty tmck trips or vendor trips during constmction activities; emissions from constmction worker vehicles during daily commutes; emissions of ROG from paving using asphalt; and emissions of ROG during application of architectural coatings. Table 5 provides the detailed emission estimates for each phase of constmction as calculated with the URBEMIS Model for each of the constmction phases of the project, without mitigation. Appendix A provides URBEMIS Model outputs showing the constmction calculations without application of mitigation measures. As shown in Table 5, emissions of criteria pollutants during constmction would be below the thresholds of significance for all project constmction phases. Project criteria pollutant emissions during constmction would be temporary. Air Quality Technical Report 23 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project Table 5 Estimated Maximum Daily Construction Emissions Palomar Airport Commons Project PM,„ PM,„ PM,o PM2.5 PM2.5 PM2.5 Construction Activity/Time ROG NOx CO SO, Dust Exhaust Total Dust Exhaust Total Mass Grading Mass Grading Dust 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.00 0.00 35.00 7.31 0.00 7.31 Mass Grading Off-Road Diesel 4.31 34.57 18.06 0.00 0.00 1.87 1.87 0.00 1.72 1.72 Mass Grading Worker Trips 0.04 0.08 1.31 0.00 0.01 0.00 O.OI 0.00 0.00 O.OI TOTAL 4.35 34.64 19.37 0.00 35.01 1.88 36.89 7.31 1.73 9.04 Trenching/Utilities Trenching Off Road Diesel 2.82 19.43 11.49 0.00 0.00 1.39 1.39 0.00 1.28 1.28 Trenching Worker Trips 0.03 0.06 1.05 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 2.85 19.49 12.54 0.00 0.01 1.39 1.40 0.00 1.28 1.28 Building Construction Building Off Road Diesel 3.92 19.01 12.27 0.00 0.00 1.30 1.30 0.00 1.19 1.19 Building Vendor Trips 0.15 1.70 1.40 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.08 0.00 0.07 0.07 Building Worker Trips 0.33 0.63 10.62 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.09 0.02 0.03 0.05 TOTAL 4.41 21.34 24.29 0.02 0.07 1.40 1.48 0.03 1.29 1.31 Architectural Coatings Architectural Coatings Offgassing 75.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Worker Trips 0.03 0.05 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 75.40 0.05 0.86 0.00 0.01 0.00 O.OI 0.00 0.00 0.00 Paving Paving Off-Gas 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Paving Off Road Diesel 3.41 20.79 12.34 0.00 0.00 1.82 1.82 0.00 1.68 1.68 Paving On Road Diesel 0.01 0.14 0.05 0.00 0.00 O.OI 0.01 0.00 0.01 O.OI Paving Worker Trips 0.07 0.13 2.20 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 TOTAL 3.52 21.05 14.58 0.00 0.01 1.84 1.85 0.00 1.69 1.69 MAXIMUM DAILY EMISSIONS' 79.48 54.13 39.18 0.02 35.01 3.32 38.29 7.31 3.05 10.32 Significance Criteria 137 250 550 250 100 55 Significant? No No No Afo Maximum occurs either during simultaneous building trenching/utilities. construction and architectural coatings application, building construction and paving, or mass grading and Air Quality Technical Report Palomar Airport Commons Project 24 01/12/10 4.2.2 Operational Impacts Operational impacts associated with the Palomar Airport Commons Project would include impacts associated with vehicular traffic, as well as area sources such as energy use, landscaping, consumer products use, and architectural coatings use for maintenance purposes. The Traffic Impact Analysis for Palomar Airport Commons (Urban Systems 2009) calculated project trip generation rates based on the proposed development. According to the Traffic Impact Analysis, considering pass-by trip reductions and based on SANDAG trip generation rates, the project would generate a net traffic increase of 11,452 ADT. The trip generation rates, considering pass-by trips, were accounted for within the URBEMIS Model mns for vehicular emissions. Operational impacts associated with vehicular traffic and area sources including energy use, landscaping, consumer products use, hearth emissions, and architectural coatings use for maintenance purposes were estimated using the URBEMIS model. Version 9.2.4. It should be noted that the URBEMIS model does not contain San Diego-specific emission factors; therefore, emissions were based on SCAQMD averages. The URBEMIS Model calculates vehicle emissions based on emission factors from the EMFAC2007 model. It was assumed that the first year of foil occupancy would be 2012. Based on the results of the EMFAC2007 model for subsequent years, emissions would decrease on an annual basis from 2012 onward due to phase-out of higher polluting vehicles and implementation of more stringent emission standards that are taken into account in the EMFAC2007 model. Table 6 presents the resuhs of the emission calculations, in lbs/day, along with a comparison with the significance criteria. Air Quality Technical Report 25 01/12/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project Table 6 Unmitigated Operational Emissions ROG NOx CO SO, PM,„ PM2, Summer Day, Lbs/day Natural Gas Combustion 0.11 1.47 1.23 0.00 0.01 0.01 Landscaping 0.49 0.08 6.18 0.00 0.02 0.02 Architectural Coatings 0.90 ----- Vehicular Emissions 66.27 99.87 886.19 1.07 86.38 19.12 TOTAL 67.77 101.42 893.6 1.07 86.41 19.15 Significance Screening Criteria 137 250 550 250 100 55 Above Screening Criteria? Afo Afo Yes Afo Afo Afo Winter Day, Lbs/day Natural Gas Combustion 0.11 1.47 1.23 0.00 0.01 0.01 Architectural Coatings 0.90 ----- Vehicular Emissions 75.52 120.20 851.47 0.89 86.38 19.12 TOTAL 76.53 121.67 852.7 0.89 86.39 19.13 Significance Screening Criteria 137 250 550 250 100 55 Above Screening Criteria? Afo Afo Yes Afo Afo Afo Based on the estimates of the emissions associated with Project operations, the emissions of CO, without considering mitigation measures, are above the screening-level thresholds. Mitigation measures considered in the analysis include the following: • Building will exceed Title 24 standards by 20% • 20% of landscaping equipment to be electrically powered • Low-VOC architectural coatings • Mix of uses in the project vicinity, including residential and commercial • Project provides local serving retail establishments • 20 weekday buses stopping within VA mile of site (NCTD Carlsbad Village to Palomar College Route) • Bicycle and pedestrian-friendly access to site Table 7 presents the results of the emission calculations, in lbs/day, considering the above- listed mitigation measures, along with a comparison with the significance criteria. Air Quality Technical Report Palomar Airport Commons Project 26 05/18/10 Table 7 Mitigated Operational Emissions ROG NOx CO SO, PM,„ PM2, Summer Day, Lbs/day Natural Gas Combustion 0.09 1.18 0.99 0.00 0.00 0.00 Landscaping 0.39 0.07 4.94 0.00 0.02 0.02 Architectural Coatings 0.81 ----- Vehicular Emissions 63.24 95.23 845.02 1.02 82.36 18.24 TOTAL 64.53 96.48 850.95 1.02 82.38 18.26 Significance Screening Criteria 137 250 550 250 100 55 Above Screening Criteria? Afo Afo Yes A^o No Afo Winter Day, Lbs/day Natural Gas Combustion 0.09 1.21 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 Architectural Coatings 0.84 ----- Vehicular Emissions 72.04 114.62 811.91 0.86 82.36 18.24 TOTAL 72.97 115.83 812.93 0.86 82.36 18.24 Significance Screening Criteria 137 250 550 250 100 55 Above Screening Criteria? Afo Afo Yes Afo Afo Afo Because emissions of CO are above the quantitative significance thresholds, the poteiitial for an exceedance ofthe CO standard has been evaluated. Projects involving traffic impacts may result in the formation of locally high concentrations of CO, known as CO "hot spots." To verify that the project would not cause or contribute to a violation of the CO standard, a screening evaluation of the potential for CO "hot spots" was conducted. Project-related traffic would have the potential to result in CO "hot spots" if project-related traffic resulted in a degradation in the level of service at any intersection to LOS E or F. The Traffic Impact Analysis evaluated whether or not there would be a decrease in the level of service at the intersections affected by the Project. Based on the Traffic Impact Analysis, no intersections would degrade to LOS E or F due to project-related traffic. Because the analysis did not project any significant degradation in LOS due to the project, no CO "hot spots" would be anticipated. Air Quality Technical Report Palomar Airport Commons Project 27 05/18/10 The project would therefore not result in any significant impacts to the ambient air quality due to emissions of criteria pollutants during constmction or operations. Maximum daily constmction emissions are below the significance thresholds. Operational emissions are below the significance thresholds for all pollutants except CO; however, emissions of CO would not adversely affect the ambient air quality because no CO "hot spots" would result. 4.3 Cumulatively Considerable Net Increase of Nonattainment Pollutants The Proposed Project would have a significant impact if it results in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is nonattainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard (including releasing emissions which exceed quantitative thresholds for ozone precursors. As discussed in Section 2.0, the SDAB is considered a nonattainment area for the 8-hour NAAQS for O3, and is considered a nonattainment area for the CAAQS for O3, PMjo, and PM2.5. An evaluation of emissions of nonattainment pollutants was conducted in Section 4.2, and it was determined that emissions of all nonattainment pollutants would be below the screening-level thresholds. The region surrounding the Palomar Airport Commons Project is already developed; the project provides infill development. Because the project provides infill development, it would not be anticipated to increase vehicle trips in the region; rather, the project would serve the needs of providing local retail to the community. The project would therefore not result in a cumulatively considerable increase emissions of ozone precursors (NOx and VOCs). The Traffic Impact Analysis identified five cumulative projects that were included in traffic projections for the area. The five projects and their locations include the following: • Carlsbad Paseo (61,860 sf of restaurants and retail) • Legoland Hotel (250 room resort hotel) • 25.0 acres of new Bressi Industrial Park Development Air Quality Technical Report 28 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project • Green Dragon Tavem (21,334 sf restaurant/museum) • Carlsbad High School Phase 2 The closest project to the Palomar Airport Commons Project is the Bressi Industrial Park Development at El Fuerte and Palomar Airport Road, which is more than 0.25 miles from the project site. It is unlikely that both projects would be under constmction simultaneously; however, the potential for cumulative constmction impacts was evaluated. To evaluate the potential for cumulative impacts from constmction at the Palomar Airport Commons Project site and the Bressi Industrial Park site, the following equation was used (Desert Research Institute 1996), which is utilized in the SCAQMD's Localized Significance Threshold Methodology (SCAQMD 2003) to evaluate localized PM,o impacts: Cx = 0.9403 Co e-°-^^^'^ Where Cx = predicted PMio concentration at X meters from the fenceline; Co = PMio concentration at the fenceline; e = natural logarithm; and X = distance in meters from the fenceline. Conservatively assuming Co equals the 24-hour ambient air quality standard of 50 ^g/m , fogitive PMio concentrations would decrease with distance from the fenceline. As shown in the chart below, by 100 meters (approximately 330 feet) from the project boundary, the concentration of PMio would decrease by 99 percent. Air Quality Technical Report 29 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 PMIO Concentration vs. Distance •Cx ouiotnOLnoinoiDOuioinouioiriOtno tHi-irNrNimm^'5fmi/iioior~r^oooocricno The Bressi Industrial Park site is not located within 100 meters of the Palomar Airport Commons Project; therefore, no cumulative constmction impacts are anticipated from the constmction of both projects simultaneously. 4.4 Exposure of Sensitive Receptors to Substantial Pollutant Concentrations The Proposed Project would have a significant impact if it exposes sensitive receptors (including, but not limited to, schools, hospitals, resident care facilities, parks, or day- care centers) to substantial pollutant concentrations. The threshold concems whether the project could expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations of TACs. If a project has the potential to result in emissions of any TAC which result in a cancer risk of greater than 10 in 1 million or substantial non-cancer risk, the project would be deemed to have a potentially significant impact. Air quality regulators typically define sensitive receptors as schools (Preschool-12* Grade), hospitals, resident care facilities, or day-care centers, or other facilities that may house individuals with health conditions that would be adversely impacted by changes in air quality. Residential land uses may also be considered sensitive receptors. The nearest sensitive receptors to the site are the residents located to the east of the project site, approximately 0.25 miles from the project. Air Quality Technical Report Palomar Airport Commons Project 30 05/18/10 Emissions of TACs are attributable to temporary emissions from constmction emissions, and minor emissions associated with diesel tmck traffic used for deliveries at the site. Tmck traffic may result in emissions of diesel particulate matter, which is characterized by the State of Califomia as a toxic air contaminant (TAC). Certain types of projects are recommended to be evaluated for impacts associated with TACs. In accordance with the SCAQMD's "Health Risk Assessment Guidance for Analyzing Cancer Risks from Mobile Source Diesel Idling Emissions for CEQA Air Quality Analysis" (SCAQMD 2003), projects that should be evaluated for diesel particulate emissions include tmck stops, distribution centers, warehouses, and transit centers which diesel vehicles would utilize and which would be sources of diesel particulate matter from heavy-duty diesel tmcks. A retail development such as the Palomar Airport Commons Project would not attract a disproportionate amount of diesel tmcks and would not be considered a source of TAC emissions. Based on the URBEMIS Model, heavy-duty diesel tmcks would account for only 0.9 percent of the total trips associated with the project. Impacts to sensitive receptors from TAC emissions would therefore be less than significant. 4.5 Objectionable Odors The Proposed Project would have a significant impact if it creates objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people. Project constmction could result in minor amounts of odor compounds associated with diesel heavy equipment exhaust. These compounds would be emitted in various amounts and at various locations during constmction. Sensitive receptors located in the vicinity of the constmction site include the residences to the east of the site. Odors are highest near the source and would quickly dissipate offsite; any odors associated with constmction would be temporary. The Project is a retail development and would not include land uses that would be sources of nuisance odors. Thus the potential for odor impacts associated with the project is less than significant. Air Quality Technical Report 31 05/18/10 Palomar Airpori Commons Project 5.0 Mitigation Measures As discussed in Section 4.0, no significant impacts have been identified for air quality. Mitigation measures are therefore not required to reduce impacts to below a level of significance; however, measures to reduce emissions will be employed during constmction and operation of the project. Standard dust control measures will be employed during constmction. These standard dust control measures include the following: • Watering active grading sites a minimum of three times daily • Apply soil stabilizers to inactive constmction sites • Replace ground cover in disturbed areas as soon as possible • Control dust during equipment loading/unloading (load moist material, ensure at least 12 inches of freeboard in haul tmcks • Reduce speeds on impaved roads to 15 mph or less • Water unpaved roads a minimum of three times daily These dust control measures will reduce the amoimt of fogitive dust generated during constmction. In addition to dust control measures, architectural coatings applied to interior and exterior surfaces will be required to meet the ROG limitations of SDAPCD Rule 67.0, which limits the ROG content of most coatings to 150 grams/liter. Coatings will also be applied using high volume, low pressure spray equipment to reduce overspray to the extent possible. Operational mitigation measures considered in the analysis include the following: • Building will exceed Title 24 standards by 20% • 20% of landscaping equipment to be electrically powered Air Quality Technical Report 32 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project • Low-VOC architecforal coatings • Mix of uses in the project vicinity, including residential and commercial • Project provides local serving retail establishments • 20 weekday buses stopping within % mile of site (Bus route 321) • Bicycle and pedestrian-friendly access to site Operational emissions would not result in a violation of an air quality standard or a cumulatively considerable impact. 6.0 Summary and Conclusions In summary, the proposed project would result in emissions of air pollutants for both the constmction phase and operational phase of the project. The air quality impact analysis evaluated the potential for adverse impacts to the ambient air quality due to constmction and operational emissions. Constmction emissions would include emissions associated with fogitive dust, heavy constmction equipment and constmction worker commuting to and from the site. The project would employ dust control measures such as watering to control emissions during constmction and use of low-ROG paints. Emissions are less than the significance thresholds for all pollutants. Operational emissions would include emissions associated with retail operations, including energy use and landscaping, and with vehicle traffic. As discussed in Section 4.0, the impacts would be less than significant. Emissions of TACs would not result in a significant impact to the project, and project emissions of TACs would be less than significant. Air Quality Technical Report 33 05/lS/lO Palomar Airport Commons Projecl 7.0 References Cahfomia Air Resources Board. 2005. ARB Fact Sheet: Air Pollution and Health. December 27. Cahfomia Air Resources Board. 2007. EMFAC2007 Emissions Model. Califomia Department of Transportation. 1998. Caltrans ITS Transportation Project-Level Carbon Monoxide Protocol. Rimpo and Associates. 2007. URBEMIS Model, Version 9.2.4. San Diego Air Pollution Control District. 2009. 2009 Regional Air Quality Strategy Revision. April 22. South Coast Air Quality Management District. 1999. CEQA Air Quality Handbook, (as updated) South Coast Air Quality Management District. 2006. Final -Methodology to Calculate Particulate Matter (PM) 2.5 and PM 2.5 Significance Thresholds. October. U.S. EPA. 2007a. The Plain English Guide to the Clean Air Act. http:/7www.epa.gov/air/caa/peg/index.html. University of Califomia Davis. 1998. Caltrans ITS Transportation Project-Level Carbon Monoxide Protocol. Urban Systems. 2009. Traffic Impact Analysis - Palomar Airport Commons. November 18. Air Quality Technical Report 34 05/18/10 Palomar Airport Commons Project Appendix A URBEMIS Model Output Page:1 5/18/2010 8:57:09 AM Urbemis 2007 Version 9.2.4 Combined Summer Emissions Reports (Pounds/Day) File Name: C:\Urbemis\Urbemis 9.2.2\Projects\Palomar Airpot Commons Construction.urb924 Project Name: Palomar Airport Commons Construction Project Location: South Coast AQMD On-Road Vehicle Emissions Based on: Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 Off-Road Vehicle Emissions Based on: OFFROAD2007 Summary Report: CONSTRUCTION EMISSION ESTIMATES ROG NOx QQ. S02 PMIO Dust PMIO Exhaust PM10 PM2.5 Dust PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 C02 2010 TOTALS (Ibs/day unmitigated) 8.16 54.13 39.18 0.02 35.01 3.32 38.29 7.31 3.05 10.32 5,479.41 2010 TOTALS (Ibs/day mitigated) 8.16 54.13 39.18 0.02 2.45 3.32 5.72 0.51 3.05 3.52 5,479.41 2011 TOTALS (Ibs/day unmitigated) 79.48 41.12 37.62 0.02 0.08 3.17 3.26 0.03 2.92 2.95 5,479.08 2011 TOTALS (Ibs/day mitigated) 79,48 41.12 37.62 0.02 0.08 3.17 3.26 0.03 2.92 2.95 5,479.08 Construction Unmitigated Detail Report: CONSTRUCTION EMISSION ESTIMATES Summer Pounds Per Day, Unmitigated ROG NOx QQ. S02 PMIO Dust PM10 Exhaust PMIO PM2.5 Dust PM2.5 Exhaust PM2.5 C02 Page: 2 5/18/2010 8:57:09 AM Time Slice 7/1/2010-9/30/2010 7.20 54J3 31.90 0.00 aSJll 3.27 38,29 L21 3.01 11132 5,146.06 Active Days: 66 Mass Grading 07/01/2010- 4.35 34.64 19.37 0.00 35.01 1.88 36.89 7.31 1.73 9.04 3,244.84 09/30/2010 Mass Grading Dust 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 35.00 0.00 35.00 7.31 0,00 7.31 0.00 Mass Grading Off Road Diesel 4.31 34,57 18,06 0,00 0,00 1,87 1,87 0,00 1,72 1,72 3,089,34 Mass Grading On Road Diesel 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Mass Grading Worker Trips 0.04 0,08 1,31 0,00 0,01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 155,49 Trenching 07/01/2010-09/30/2010 2,85 19,49 12,54 0,00 0,01 1,39 1,40 0,00 1,28 1,28 1,901.23 Trenching Off Road Diesel 2.82 19.43 11.49 0.00 0.00 1.39 1,39 0,00 1,28 1,28 1,776.83 Trenching Worker Trips 0.03 0.06 1.05 0,00 0,01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 124.39 Time Slice 10/1/2010-12/31/2010 SJfi 43.52 39.18 M2 0.08 3M 3.40 0,03 M5. 3,08 5,479.41 Active Days: 66 Asphalt 10/01/2010-03/31/2011 3,75 22,18 14,90 0,00 0,01 1,91 1,93 0,00 1.76 1.77 2,023.07 Paving Off-Gas 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Paving Off Road Diesel 3.63 21.89 12.48 0.00 0,00 1,90 1,90 0,00 1,75 1,75 1,722,70 Paving On Road Diesel 0,01 0,15 0,06 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,01 0,00 0,01 0,01 20,48 Paving Worker Trips 0.07 0.14 2,36 0,00 0,01 0,01 0,02 0,00 0,01 0,01 279,89 Building 10/01/2010-06/30/2011 4,41 21,34 24,29 0,02 0,07 1,40 1,48 0.03 1.29 1.31 3,456.34 Building Off Road Diesel 3.92 19.01 12.27 0,00 0.00 1,30 1,30 0,00 1,19 1,19 1,871,46 Building Vendor Trips 0,15 1,70 1,40 0,00 0,01 0,07 0,08 0,00 0,07 0,07 324,38 Building Worker Trips 0,33 0,63 10.62 0,01 0,06 0,03 0,09 0.02 0.03 0,05 1,260,51 Page: 3 5/18/2010 8:57:09 AM Time Slice 1/3/2011-3/31/2011 Active Days: 64 Asphalt 10/01/2010-03/31/2011 Paving Off-Gas Paving Off Road Diesel Paving On Road Diesel Paving Worker Trips Building 10/01/2010-06/30/2011 Building Off Road Diesel Building Vendor Trips Building Worker Trips Time Slice 4/1/2011-4/29/2011 Active Days: 21 Building 10/01/2010-06/30/2011 Building Off Road Diesel Building Vendor Trips Building Worker Trips Time Slice 5/2/2011-6/30/2011 Active Days: 44 Building 10/01/2010-06/30/2011 Building Off Road Diesel Building Vendor Trips Building Worker Trips Coating 05/01/2011-06/30/2011 Architectural Coating Coating Worker Trips 7.61 3.52 0,04 3,41 0,01 0,07 4,08 3,64 0,14 0,30 4,08 4,08 3,64 0.14 0,30 73^ 4.08 3.64 0,14 0.30 75.40 75,37 0,03 ±U2 21,05 0,00 20,79 0,14 0.13 20.06 17.95 1.54 0.57 20.06 20.06 17,95 1,54 0,57 20,11 20.06 17.95 1,54 0,57 0,05 0,00 0,05 37.62 14,58 0.00 12,34 0,05 2,20 23,04 11,86 1.30 9,89 23.04 23.04 11,86 1,30 9,89 23,90 23,04 11,86 1,30 9,89 0,86 0.00 0.86 0.02 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0,02 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,02 0,02 0,00 0,00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,08 0,01 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,07 0,00 0,01 0,06 0,07 0,07 0,00 0.01 0.06 0,08 0,07 0,00 0,01 0,06 0,01 0,00 0,01 MI 1,84 0,00 1,82 0,01 0.01 1.34 1,24 0,06 0,03 1,34 1,34 1,24 0,06 0,03 1,34 1,34 1,24 0,06 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,85 0,00 1,82 0,01 0.02 1.41 1.24 0.08 0.09 1,41 1.41 1,24 0.08 0.09 1.42 1.41 1.24 0.08 0,09 0.01 0.00 0,01 0,03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0,03 0,00 0.00 0,02 0,03 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,02 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,92 1,69 0,00 1,68 0,01 0,01 1,23 1,14 0,06 0,03 1,23 1,23 1,14 0,06 0,03 1,23 1,23 1,14 0,06 0,03 0.00 0.00 0.00 2,95 1,69 0,00 1,68 0,01 0,01 1,25 1,14 0,06 0.05 1.25 1.25 1,14 0,06 0,05 1,26 1,25 1,14 0,06 0.05 0,00 0,00 0,00 5.479.P8 2,023.01 0.00 1,722.70 20.48 279.83 3,456,08 1,871,46 324,38 1,260,23 3,456.08 3,456.08 1,871.46 324.38 1,260.23 3,565,47 3,456,08 1,871,46 324,38 1,260.23 109.40 0.00 109,40 Page:4 5/18/2010 8:57:09 AM Phase Assumptions Phase: Mass Grading 7/1/2010 - 9/30/2010 - Default Mass Site Grading/Excavation Description Total Acres Disturbed: 7 Maximum Daily Acreage Disturbed: 1,75 Fugitive Dust Level of Detail: Default 20 lbs per acre-day On Road Truck Travel (VMT); 0 Off-Road Equipment: 1 Graders (174 hp) operating at a 0,61 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Rubber Tired Dozers (357 hp) operating at a 0,59 load factor for 8 hours per day 2 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes (108 hp) operating at a 0,55 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Water Trucks (189 hp) operating at a 0,5 load factor for 8 hours per day Phase: Trenching 7/1/2010 - 9/30/2010 - Default Trenching Description Off-Road Equipment: 2 Excavators (168 hp) operating at a 0,57 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes (108 hp) operating at a 0,55 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Trenchers (63 hp) operating at a 0,75 load factor for 8 hours per day Phase: Paving 10/1/2010 - 3/31/2011 - Type Your Description Here Acres to be Paved: 1,75 Off-Road Equipment: 4 Cement and Mortar Mixers (10 hp) operating at a 0,56 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Pavers (100 hp) operating at a 0,62 load factor for 8 hours per day 2 Paving Equipment (104 hp) operating at a 0,53 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Rollers (95 hp) operating at a 0,56 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes (108 hp) operating at a 0.55 load factor for 8 hours per day Phase: Building Construction 10/1/2010 - 6/30/2011 - Default Building Construcfion Description Page: 5 5/18/2010 8:57:09 AM Off-Road Equipment: 1 Cranes (399 hp) operating at a 0.43 load factor for 8 hours per day 2 Forklifts (145 hp) operating at a 0.3 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Generator Sets (49 hp) operating at a 0.74 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes (108 hp) operating at a 0,55 load factor for 8 hours per day 3 Welders (45 hp) operating at a 0,45 load factor for 8 hours per day Phase: Architectural Coating 5/1/2011 - 6/30/2011 - Default Architectural Coating Descriplion Rule: Residential Interior Coatings begins 1/1/2005 ends 6/30/2008 specifies a VOC of 100 Rule: Residential Inferior Coatings begins 7/1/2008 ends 12/31/2040 specifies a VOC of 50 Rule: Residential Exterior Coatings begins 1/1/2005 ends 6/30/2008 specifies a VOC of 250 Rule: Residential Exterior Coatings begins 7/1/2008 ends 12/31/2040 specifies a VOC of 100 Rule: Nonresidential Interior Coatings begins 1/1/2005 ends 12/31/2040 specifies a VOC of 250 Rule: Nonresidential Exterior Coatings begins 1/1/2005 ends 12/31/2040 specifies a VOC of 250 Construction Mitigated Detail Report: CONSTRUCTION EMISSION ESTIMATES Summer Pounds Per Day, Mitigated BQ£ NQX CQ £02 PMIO Dust PMIO Exhaust PMIO PM2.5 Dust PM2,5 Exhaust PM2,5 QQZ Page:6 5/18/2010 8:57:09 AM Time Slice 7/1/2010-9/30/2010 7,20 54.13 31.90 0,00 2.45 3,27 3J2 3,01 2.52 5,146,06 Active Days: 66 Mass Grading 07/01/2010- 4,35 34,64 19,37 0,00 2.45 1.88 4,32 0,51 1,73 2,24 3,244,84 09/30/2010 Mass Grading Dust 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,44 0,00 2,44 0,51 0.00 0,51 0,00 Mass Grading Off Road Diesel 4,31 34,57 18,06 0.00 0.00 1,87 1,87 0,00 1,72 1,72 3,089,34 Mass Grading On Road Diesel 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0.00 Mass Grading Worker Trips 0.04 0.08 1.31 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0,00 0,01 155,49 Trenching 07/01/2010-09/30/2010 2,85 19,49 12,54 0,00 0,01 1,39 1,40 0.00 1.28 1.28 1,901.23 Trenching Off Road Diesel 2.82 19,43 11,49 0,00 0,00 1,39 1,39 0.00 1.28 1.28 1,776.83 Trenching Worker Trips 0.03 0.06 1,05 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,00 0,00 124,39 Time Slice 10/1/2010-12/31/2010 SM 43,52 39Jfi fiJ!^ 0,08 i32 3,40 0.03 MS 3.08 5.47M1 Active Days: 66 Asphalt 10/01/2010-03/31/2011 3.75 22.18 14,90 0,00 0,01 1,91 1,93 0,00 1,76 1,77 2,023.07 Paving Off-Gas 0,04 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Paving Off Road Diesel 3,63 21,89 12,48 0,00 0,00 1,90 1.90 0,00 1,75 1,75 1,722,70 Paving On Road Diesel 0.01 0.15 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.01 0,01 0,00 0,01 0,01 20,48 Paving Worker Trips 0,07 0,14 2,36 0,00 0,01 0,01 0,02 0,00 0,01 0.01 279.89 Building 10/01/2010-06/30/2011 4.41 21,34 24,29 0,02 0,07 1.40 1,48 0,03 1,29 1,31 3,456,34 Building Off Road Diesel 3,92 19,01 12,27 0.00 0,00 1,30 1,30 0,00 1,19 1.19 1,871.46 Building Vendor Trips 0,15 1,70 1,40 0,00 0,01 0,07 0,08 0,00 0,07 0,07 324,38 Building Worker Trips 0,33 0,63 10.62 0,01 0,06 0,03 0,09 0.02 0,03 0,05 1,260.51 Page:7 5/18/2010 8:57:09 AM Time Slice 1/3/2011-3/31/2011 Active Days: 64 Asphalt 10/01/2010-03/31/2011 Paving Off-Gas Paving Off Road Diesel Paving On Road Diesel Paving Worker Trips Building 10/01/2010-06/30/2011 Building Off Road Diesel Building Vendor Trips Building Worker Trips Time Slice 4/1/2011-4/29/2011 Active Days: 21 Building 10/01/2010-06/30/2011 Building Off Road Diesel Building Vendor Trips Building Worker Trips Time Slice 5/2/2011-6/30/2011 Active Days: 44 Building 10/01/2010-06/30/2011 Building Off Road Diesel Building Vendor Trips Building Worker Trips Coating 05/01/2011-06/30/2011 Architectural Coating Coating Worker Trips 7.61 3.52 0,04 3,41 0,01 0,07 4,08 3,64 0,14 0,30 4,08 4,08 3.64 0,14 0,30 mM 4,08 3.64 0.14 0,30 75,40 75,37 0.03 41,12 21,05 0,00 20,79 0.14 0.13 20,06 17,95 1,54 0,57 20,06 20,06 17,95 1,54 0,57 20.11 20,06 17,95 1,54 0,57 0,05 0,00 0,05 37,62 14,58 0,00 12,34 0,05 2,20 23,04 11,86 1,30 9,89 23,04 23,04 11,86 1,30 9,89 23,90 23,04 11.86 1,30 9,89 0,86 0,00 0,86 0.02 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,02 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,02 0,02 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,02 0,02 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,08 0,01 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,01 0,07 0,00 0,01 0,06 0,07 0,07 0.00 0.01 0,06 0,08 0.07 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.00 0,01 iLlZ 1,84 0,00 1.82 0.01 0.01 1,34 1,24 0.06 0.03 1.34 1.34 1.24 0.06 0,03 1,34 1,34 1,24 0,06 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,26 1,85 0,00 1,82 0,01 0,02 1,41 1,24 0.08 0.09 1,41 1,41 1,24 0,08 0,09 1,42 1,41 1,24 0,08 0,09 0,01 0,00 0,01 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 0,00 0,00 0.02 0,03 0.03 0,00 0,00 0,02 0,03 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,02 0,00 0,00 0,00 2^ 1,69 0,00 1,68 0,01 0.01 1.23 1.14 0.06 0.03 1.23 1.23 1.14 0.06 0.03 1.23 1,23 1,14 0,06 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,00 2,95 1,69 0,00 1,68 0,01 0.01 1,25 1,14 0,06 0,05 1,25 1,25 1,14 0,06 0.05 1,26 1,25 1,14 0,06 0,05 0.00 0,00 0,00 5,479,08 2,023,01 0,00 1,722,70 20,48 279,83 3,456,08 1,871.46 324.38 1,260,23 3,456,08 3,456,08 1,871.46 324.38 1,260.23 3,565.47 3,456,08 1,871,46 324.38 1,260,23 109.40 0.00 109.40 Page:8 5/18/2010 8:57:09 AM Construction Related Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures apply to Phase: Mass Grading 7/1/2010 - 9/30/2010 - Default Mass Site Grading/Excavation Description For Soil Stablizing Measures, (he Apply soil stabilizers to inactive areas mitigation reduces emissions by: PMIO: 84% PM25: 84% For Soil Stablizing Measures, the Replace ground cover in disturbed areas quickly mitigation reduces emissions by: PMIO: 5% PM25: 5% For Soil Stablizing Measures, the Water exposed surfaces 2x daily watering mitigation reduces emissions by: PMIO: 55% PM25: 55% For Soil Stablizing Measures, the Equipment loading/unloading mitigation reduces emissions by: PMIO: 69%PM25: 69% For Unpaved Roads Measures, the Reduce speed on unpaved roads to less than 15 mph mitigation reduces emissions by: PMIO: 44% PM25: 44% For Unpaved Roads Measures, the Manage haul road dust 2x daily watering mitigation reduces emissions by: PMIO: 55% PM25: 55% Page: 1 5/18/2010 8:57:39 AM Urbemis 2007 Version 9.2.4 Combined Annual Emissions Reports (Tons/Year) File Name: C:\Urbemls\Urbemls 9.2.2\Projects\Palomar Airpot Commons Construction.urb924 Project Name: Palomar Airport Commons Construction Project Location: South Coast AQMD On-Road Vehicle Emissions Based on: Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 Off-Road Vehicle Emissions Based on: OFFROAD2007 Summary Report: CONSTRUCTION EMISSION ESTIMATES SOS NOx QQ S02 PMIO Dust PMIO Exhaust PM10 PM2,5 Dust PM2.5 PM2.5 C02 Exhaust 2010 TOTALS (tons/year unmitigated) 0.51 3,22 2,35 0,00 1,16 0,22 1,38 0,24 0.20 0.44 350,64 2010 TOTALS (tons/year mitigated) 0,51 3,22 2,35 0,00 0,08 0,22 0,30 0,02 0.20 0.22 350,64 Percent Reduction 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 92,77 0,00 78,11 92,59 0.00 50.73 0,00 2011 TOTALS (tons/year unmitigated) 2,03 1,97 1,97 0,00 0,01 0.15 0.15 0,00 0,13 0.14 290,06 2011 TOTALS (tons/year mitigated) 2,03 1,97 1,97 0,00 0,01 0,15 0.15 0,00 0,13 0.14 290.06 Percent Reduction 0,00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0.00 Construction Unmitigated Detail Report: CONSTRUCTION EMISSION ESTIMATES Annual Tons Per Year, Unmitigated ROG NOx QQ SQ2 PMIO Dust PMIO Exhaust PM10 PM2.5 Dust PM2.5 Exhaust PM2,5 C02 Page:2 5/18/2010 8:57:39 AM 2010 0.51 3.22 2.35 0,00 1,16 0,22 1.38 0.24 0.20 0,44 350,64 Mass Grading 07/01/2010- 0,14 1,14 0,64 0,00 1,16 0,06 1,22 0,24 0 06 0 30 107 08 09/30/2010 Mass Grading Dust 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,16 0,00 1,16 0.24 0,00 0,24 0,00 Mass Grading Off Road Diesel 0,14 1,14 0,60 0,00 0,00 0,06 0,06 0,00 0,06 0,06 101.95 Mass Grading On Road Diesel 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mass Grading Worker Trips 0.00 0,00 0,04 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 5,13 Trenching 07/01/2010-09/30/2010 0,09 0,64 0,41 0,00 0,00 0,05 0,05 0,00 0,04 0,04 62,74 Trenching Off Road Diesel 0,09 0,64 0,38 0,00 0,00 0,05 0,05 0,00 0,04 0.04 58,64 Trenching Worker Trips 0,00 0,00 0,03 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 4,11 Asphalt 10/01/2010-03/31/2011 0,12 0,73 0,49 0,00 0,00 0,06 0,06 0,00 0,06 0,06 66,76 Paving Off-Gas 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0,00 Paving Off Road Diesel 0,12 0,72 0,41 0.00 0,00 0,06 0,06 0,00 0,06 0,06 56.85 Paving On Road Diesel 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0,00 ' 0.68 Paving Worker Trips 0.00 0,00 0,08 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 9,24 Building 10/01/2010-06/30/2011 0,15 0,70 0,80 0.00 0,00 0,05 0,05 0,00 0,04 0,04 114,06 Building Off Road Diesel 0,13 0,63 0,40 0,00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.04 61,76 Building Vendor Trips 0.00 0.06 0.05 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 10,70 Building Worker Trips 0,01 0,02 0,35 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 41,60 Page: 3 5/18/2010 8:57:39 AM 2011 2,03 1,97 1,97 0.00 0,01 0,15 0.15 0,00 0.13 0,14 290,06 Asphalt 10/01/2010-03/31/2011 0,11 0,67 0,47 0.00 0,00 0,06 0.06 0,00 0,05 0.05 64.74 Paving Off-Gas 0,00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Paving Off Road Diesel 0,11 0.67 0,39 0,00 0.00 0,06 0.06 0,00 0,05 0.05 55,13 Paving On Road Diesel 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0.66 Paving Worker Trips 0,00 0,00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 8.95 Building 10/01/2010-06/30/2011 0,26 1,29 1,49 0.00 0.00 0.09 0,09 0,00 0,08 0.08 222.92 Building Off Road Diesel 0,23 1,16 0,76 0.00 0.00 0.08 0,08 0,00 0,07 0.07 120.71 Building Vendor Trips 0,01 0,10 0,08 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0.00 20.92 Building Worker Trips 0,02 0,04 0,64 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0,00 0,00 0.00 81.29 Coating 05/01/2011-06/30/2011 1,66 0,00 0.02 0.00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0.00 2,41 Architectural Coating 1,66 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Coating Worker Trips 0,00 0,00 0.02 0,00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 2.41 Phase Assumptions Phase: Mass Grading 7/1/2010 - 9/30/2010 - Default Mass Site Grading/Excavation Description Total Acres Disturbed: 7 Maximum Daily Acreage Disturbed: 1.75 Fugitive Dust Level of Detail: Default 20 lbs per acre-day On Road Tmck Travel (VMT): 0 Off-Road Equipment: 1 Graders (174 hp) operating at a 0.61 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Rubber Tired Dozers (357 hp) operating at a 0.59 load factor for 8 hours per day 2 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes (108 hp) operating at a 0.55 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Water Trucks (189 hp) operating af a 0.5 load factor for 8 hours per day Page:4 5/18/2010 8:57:39 AM Phase; Trenching 7/1/2010 - 9/30/2010 - Default Trenching Description Off-Road Equipment; 2 Excavators (168 hp) operating at a 0.57 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes (108 hp) operating at a 0,55 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Trenchers (63 hp) operating at a 0,75 load factor for 8 hours per day Phase: Paving 10/1/2010 - 3/31/2011 - Type Your Description Here Acres to be Paved; 1,75 Off-Road Equipment: 4 Cement and Mortar Mixers (10 hp) operating at a 0,56 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Pavers (100 hp) operating at a 0,62 load factor for 8 hours per day 2 Paving Equipment (104 hp) operating at a 0,53 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Rollers (95 hp) operating at a 0,56 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes (108 hp) operating at a 0,55 load factor for 8 hours per day Phase: Building Construction 10/1/2010 - 6/30/2011 - Default Building Construction Description Off-Road Equipment: 1 Cranes (399 hp) operating at a 0,43 load factor for 8 hours per day 2 Forklifts (145 hp) operating at a 0.3 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Generator Sets (49 hp) operating at a 0.74 load factor for 8 hours per day 1 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes (108 hp) operating at a 0,55 load factor for 8 hours per day 3 Welders (45 hp) operating at a 0,45 load factor for 8 hours per day Phase: Architectural Coating 5/1/2011 - 6/30/2011 - Default Architectural Coating Description Rule: Residential Interior Coatings begins 1/1/2005 ends 6/30/2008 specifies a VOC of 100 Rule: Residential Interior Coatings begins 7/1/2008 ends 12/31/2040 specifies a VOC of 50 Rule: Residential Exterior Coatings begins 1/1/2005 ends 6/30/2008 specifies a VOC of 250 Rule: Residential Exterior Coatings begins 7/1/2008 ends 12/31/2040 specifies a VOC of 100 Rule; Nonresidential Inferior Coatings begins 1/1/2005 ends 12/31/2040 specifies a VOC of 250 Page: 5 5/18/2010 8:57:39 AM Rule: Nonresidential Exterior Coatings begins 1/1/2005 ends 12/31/2040 specifies a VOC of 250 Construction Mitigated Detail Report; CONSTRUCTION EMISSION ESTIMATES Annual Tons Per Year, Mitigated ROG tiQ}L QQ 2QZ PMIO Dust PMIO Exhaust PM10 PM2,5 Dust PM2.5 Exhaust PM2,5 QQ2 2010 0.51 3.22 2,35 0,00 0,08 0,22 0.30 0,02 0,20 0,22 350.64 Mass Grading 07/01/2010- 0,14 1,14 0,64 0,00 0,08 0.06 0.14 0.02 0.06 0.07 107.08 09/30/2010 Mass Grading Dust 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,08 0,00 0,08 0,02 0,00 0,02 0,00 Mass Grading Off Road Diesel 0,14 1,14 0,60 0,00 0,00 0,06 0.06 0,00 0,06 0,06 101,95 Mass Grading On Road Diesel 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0.00 Mass Grading Worker Trips 0,00 0,00 0,04 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 5,13 Trenching 07/01/2010-09/30/2010 0,09 0,64 0,41 0,00 0,00 0,05 0,05 0,00 0,04 0,04 62,74 Trenching Off Road Diesel 0.09 0,64 0,38 0,00 0,00 0,05 0,05 0,00 0,04 0,04 58,64 Trenching Worker Trips 0.00 0.00 0.03 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0.00 4.11 Asphalt 10/01/2010-03/31/2011 0.12 0,73 0,49 0,00 0,00 0,06 0,06 0,00 0.06 0.06 66.76 Paving Off-Gas 0.00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 Paving Off Road Diesel 0,12 0,72 0,41 0,00 0,00 0,06 0,06 0.00 0.06 0,06 56,85 Paving On Road Diesel 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.68 Paving Worker Trips 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 9,24 Building 10/01/2010-06/30/2011 0,15 0,70 0,80 0,00 0,00 0,05 0,05 0.00 0.04 0.04 114.06 Building Off Road Diesel 0.13 0.63 0.40 0.00 0.00 0,04 0,04 0,00 0,04 0,04 61,76 Building Vendor Trips 0,00 0,06 0,05 0,00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.00 10.70 Building Worker Trips 0.01 0.02 0,35 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 41,60 Page: 6 5/18/2010 8:57:39 AM 2011 2.03 1,97 1,97 0.00 0,01 0,15 0.15 0,00 0,13 0,14 290.06 Asphalt 10/01/2010-03/31/2011 0.11 0.67 0,47 0,00 0,00 0,06 0.06 0,00 0,05 0,05 64.74 Paving Off-Gas 0.00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0.00 Paving Off Road Diesel 0,11 0,67 0,39 0,00 0.00 0,06 0.06 0.00 0,05 0.05 55.13 Paving On Road Diesel 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0,66 Paving Worker Trips 0,00 0,00 0,07 0,00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0.00 8.95 Building 10/01/2010-06/30/2011 0,26 1,29 1,49 0,00 0.00 0,09 0.09 0.00 0,08 0,08 222.92 Building Off Road Diesel 0,23 1,16 0,76 0,00 0.00 0,08 0.08 0.00 0,07 0,07 120.71 Building Vendor Trips 0,01 0,10 0,08 0,00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 20.92 Building Worker Trips 0,02 0,04 0.64 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0,00 0,00 0.00 81.29 Coating 05/01/2011-06/30/2011 1,66 0,00 0,02 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.00 2.41 Architectural Coating 1,66 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 Coating Worker Trips 0,00 0,00 0,02 0,00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0,00 0.00 2.41 Construction Related Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures apply to Phase; Mass Grading 7/1/2010 - 9/30/2010 - Default Mass Site Grading/Excavation Description For Soil Stablizing Measures, the Apply soil stabilizers to inactive areas mitigation reduces emissions by: PMIO: 84% PM25; 84% For Soil Stablizing Measures, the Replace ground cover in disturbed areas quickly mitigafion reduces emissions by; PMIO; 5% PM25; 5% For Soil Stablizing Measures, the Water exposed surfaces 2x daily watering mitigation reduces emissions by: PMIO; 55% PM25; 55% For Soil Stablizing Measures, fhe Equipment loading/unloading mitigation reduces emissions by: PM10;69%PM25: 69% For Unpaved Roads Measures, the Reduce speed on unpaved roads to less than 15 mph mitigation reduces emissions by: PMIO; 44% PM25: 44% Page:7 5/18/2010 8:57:39 AM For Unpaved Roads Measures, the Manage haul road dust 2x daily watering mitigation reduces emissions by: PMIO: 55% PM25; 55% Page:1 5/18/2010 5:27:26 PM Urbemis 2007 Version 9.2.4 Combined Summer Emissions Reports (Pounds/Day) File Name: C:\Urbemls\Urbemis 9.2.2\Projects\Palomar Airpot Commons Operations.urb924 Project Name: Palomar Airport Commons Operations Project Location: South Coast AQMD On-Road Vehicle Emissions Based on: Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 Off-Road Vehicle Emissions Based on: OFFROAD2007 Page: 2 5/18/2010 5:27:26 PM Summary Report: AREA SOURCE EMISSION ESTIMATES ROG NOx CQ S02 PMIO PM2,5 C02 TOTALS (Ibs/day, unmitigated) 1.50 1,55 7,41 0,00 0,02 0,02 1,774,53 TOTALS (Ibs/day, mitigated) 1.29 1,25 5,93 0,00 0,02 0,02 1,421.86 Percent Reduction 14.00 19,35 19,97 NaN 0,00 0,00 19.87 OPERATIONAL (VEHICLE) EMISSION ESTIMATES ROG NOx CQ SQ2 PMIO PM2,5 C02 TOTALS (Ibs/day, unmitigated) 66,27 99,87 886,19 1,07 86,38 19,12 105,536.49 TOTALS (Ibs/day, mitigated) 63,24 95,23 845,02 1,02 82,36 18,24 100,634,99 Percent Reduction 4,57 4,65 4,65 4,67 4,65 4,60 4,64 SUM OF AREA SOURCE AND OPERATIONAL EMISSION ESTIMATES ROG NOx CQ S02 PMIO PM2,5 C02 TOTALS (Ibs/day, unmitigated) 67,77 101,42 893,60 1.07 86.40 19,14 107,311,02 TOTALS (Ibs/day, mitigated) 64.53 96,48 850,95 1,02 82.38 18.26 102,056,85 Percent Reduction 4.78 4,87 4,77 4.67 4,65 4,60 4,90 Page: 3 5/18/2010 5:27:26 PM Area Source Unmitigated Detail Report: AREA SOURCE EMISSION ESTIMATES Summer Pounds Per Day, Unmitigated Source Natural Gas Hearth Landscape Consumer Products Architectural Coatings TOTALS (Ibs/day, unmitigated) ROG 0,11 0,49 0,00 0,90 1,50 NOx 1,47 0,08 1,55 Area Source Mitigated Detail Report; AREA SOURCE EMISSION ESTIMATES Summer Pounds Per Day, Mitigated Source Natural Gas Hearth Landscape Consumer Products Architectural Coatings TOTALS (Ibs/day, mitigated) ROG 0,09 0,39 0,00 0,81 1,29 NOx 1,18 0,07 1,25 CQ 1,23 6,18 7,41 CQ 0,99 4,94 5,93 S02 0,00 0,00 0,00 SQ2 0,00 0,00 0,00 PMIO 0,00 0,02 0,02 PMIO 0,00 0,02 0.02 PM2.5 0,00 0,02 0.02 PM2,5 0,00 0,02 0,02 CQ2 1,763,29 11,24 1,774,53 C02 1,410,63 11,23 1,421,86 Area Source Chances to Defaults Page: 4 5/18/2010 5:27:26 PM Operational Unmitigated Detail Report; OPERATIONAL EMISSION ESTIMATES Summer Pounds Per Day, Unmitigated Source Home improvement superstore Strip mall Convenience mari<et with gas pumps Bank (with drive-through) TOTALS (Ibs/day, unmitigated) ROG 35,91 9,33 14,15 6,88 66,27 NOX 53,73 14,06 21,62 10,46 99,87 Operational Mitigated Detail Report; OPERATIONAL EMISSION ESTIMATES Summer Pounds Per Day, Mitigated Home improvement superstore Strip mall Convenience market with gas pumps Bank (with drive-through) TOTALS (Ibs/day, mitigated) ROG 34,28 8,90 13,50 6,56 63,24 NOX 51.23 13.40 20.62 9,98 95,23 Operational Settings: Does not include correction for passby trips Does not include double counting adjustment for internal trips Analysis Year: 2012 Temperature (F); 80 Season: Summer Emfac: Version : Emfac2007 V2,3 Nov 1 2006 CO 476,74 124.73 191,88 92,84 886,19 CO 454,60 118,93 182,96 88,53 845.02 S02 0,58 0,15 0,23 0,11 1.07 S02 0,55 0,14 0,22 0.11 1.02 PMIO 46,47 12.16 18.70 9,05 86,38 PMIO 44.31 11,59 17,83 8,63 82,36 PM25 10,29 2,69 4,14 2,00 19,12 PM25 9,81 2,57 3,95 1,91 18,24 C02 56,775.53 14,853.61 22,850.55 11,056.80 105,536,49 C02 54,138.66 14,163.76 21,789.29 10,543.28 100,634.99 Page:5 5/18/2010 5:27:26 PM Summary of Land Uses Land Use Type Acreage Trip Rate Unit Type No. Units Total Trips Total VMT Home improvement superstore 50.26 1000 sqft 122.60 6,161,88 55,290,51 Strip mall 74.98 1000 sqft 21.50 1,612.07 14,465,10 Convenience market with gas pumps 657.82 1000 sq ft 3.77 2,479,98 22,252,87 Bank (with drive-through) 200.00 1000 sq ft 6,00 1,200.00 10,767.60 11,453.93 102,776,08 Vehicle Fleet Mix Vehicle Type Percent Type Non-Catalyst Catalyst Diesel Light Auto 51,5 0,6 99,2 0,2 Light Truck < 3750 lbs 7,3 1,4 95,9 2,7 Light Truck 3751-5750 lbs 23,0 0,4 99,6 0,0 Med Truck 5751-8500 lbs 10,7 0,9 99,1 0,0 Lite-Heavy Tmck 8501-10,000 lbs 1.6 0,0 81,2 18,8 Lite-Heavy Truck 10,001-14,000 lbs 0.5 0.0 60,0 40,0 Med-Heavy Truck 14,001-33,000 lbs 0.9 0,0 22,2 77,8 Heavy-Heavy Truck 33,001-60,000 lbs 0.5 0.0 0,0 100,0 Other Bus 0,1 0.0 0,0 100,0 Urban Bus 0,1 0.0 0,0 100,0 Motorcycle 2,8 60.7 39,3 0,0 School Bus 0,1 0.0 0,0 100.0 Motor Home 0.9 0.0 88,9 11.1 Page:6 5/18/2010 5:27:26 PM Urban Trip Length (miles) Rural Trip Length (miles) Trip speeds (mph) % of Trips - Residential Home-Wori< 12.7 17.6 30.0 32,9 Travel Conditions Residential Home-Shop 7,0 12,1 30,0 18,0 Home-Other 9,5 14,9 30,0 49,1 Commute 13,3 15.4 30.0 Commercial Non-Work 7,4 9,6 30,0 Customer 8,9 12,6 30,0 % of Trips - Commercial (by land use) Home improvement superstore Strip mall Convenience market with gas pumps Bank (with drive-through) 2,0 2,0 2,0 2.0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 97,0 97,0 97,0 97,0 Page: 1 5/18/2010 5:27:36 PM Urbemis 2007 Version 9.2.4 Combined Winter Emissions Reports (Pounds/Day) File Name: C:\Urbemls\Urbemis 9.2.2\Projects\Palomar Airpot Commons Operatlons.urb924 Project Name: Palomar Airport Commons Operations Project Location: South Coast AQMD On-Road Vehicle Emissions Based on: Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 Off-Road Vehicle Emissions Based on: OFFROAD2007 Page: 2 5/18/2010 5:27:36 PM Summary Report; AREA SOURCE EMISSION ESTIMATES RQQ NOx CQ S02 PMIO PM2.5 C02 TOTALS (Ibs/day, unmitigated) 1.01 1.47 1,23 0,00 0.00 0,00 1,763.29 TOTALS (Ibs/day, mitigated) 0.90 1.18 0,99 0,00 0,00 0,00 1,410,63 Percent Reduction 10.89 19.73 19,51 NaN NaN NaN 20,00 OPERATIONAL (VEHICLE) EMISSION ESTIMATES ROG NQ2 CQ S02 PMIO PM2,5 C02 TOTALS (Ibs/day, unmitigated) 75.52 120.20 851,47 0.89 86,38 19,12 95,495,33 TOTALS (Ibs/day, mitigated) 72,04 114.62 811,91 0.86 82,36 18,24 91,060,18 Percent Reduction 4,61 4,64 4,65 3,37 4,65 4,60 4,64 SUM OF AREA SOURCE AND OPERATIONAL EMISSION ESTIMATES ROG NOx CQ S02 PMIO PM2,5 CQ2 TOTALS (Ibs/day, unmitigated) 76,53 121,67 852,70 0,89 86,38 19,12 97,258,62 TOTALS (Ibs/day, mitigated) 72,94 115,80 812,90 0,86 82,36 18,24 92,470,81 Percent Reduction 4,69 4,82 4,67 3,37 4,65 4,60 4,92 Page: 3 5/18/2010 5:27:36 PM Area Source Unmitigated Detail Report: AREA SOURCE EMISSION ESTIMATES Winter Pounds Per Day, Unmitigated Source Natural Gas Hearth Landscaping - No Winter Emissions Consumer Products Architectural Coatings TOTALS (Ibs/day, unmitigated) ROG 0,11 0,00 0.90 1.01 NOx 1,47 1,47 CQ 1,23 1,23 S02 0,00 0,00 PMIO 0,00 0,00 PM2,5 0,00 0,00 C02 1,763,29 1,763,29 Area Source Mitigated Detail Report; AREA SOURCE EMISSION ESTIMATES Winter Pounds Per Day, Mitigated Source Natural Gas Hearth Landscaping - No Winter Emissions Consumer Products Architectural Coatings TOTALS (Ibs/day, mitigated) ROG 0,09 0,00 0,81 0,90 NOx 1,18 1,18 CQ 0,99 0,99 S02 0,00 0.00 PMIO 0.00 0.00 PM2,5 0,00 0,00 C02 1,410.63 1,410.63 Area Source Changes to Defaults Page: 4 5/18/2010 5:27:36 PM Operational Unmitigated Detail Report; OPERATIONAL EMISSION ESTIMATES Winter Pounds Per Day, Unmitigated Source Home improvement superstore Strip mall Convenience market with gas pumps Bank (with drive-through) TOTALS (Ibs/day, unmitigated) ROG 40.75 10.63 16.26 7,88 75,52 NOX 64,66 16.92 26.03 12.59 120.20 CO 458.06 119,84 184,36 89.21 851,47 S02 0,48 0,13 0,19 0,09 0.89 PM10 46.47 12.16 18.70 9,05 86,38 PM25 10,29 2,69 4,14 2.00 19.12 C02 51,373.68 13,440.38 20,676.46 10,004.81 95,495.33 Operational Mitigated Detail Report: OPERATIONAL EMISSION ESTIMATES Winter Pounds Per Day, Mitigated Source Home improvement superstore Strip mall Convenience market with gas pumps Bank (with drive-through) TOTALS (Ibs/day, mitigated) ROG 38.87 10.14 15.51 7,52 72.04 NOX 61.66 16,13 24,82 12,01 114.62 CO 436,79 114,27 175,79 85,06 811,91 S02 0,46 0.12 0,19 0,09 0,86 PMIO 44,31 11,59 17,83 8,63 82.36 PM25 9,81 2.57 3,95 1,91 18.24 C02 48,987.70 12,816.16 19,716,17 9,540.15 91,060.18 Operational Settings: Does not include correction for passby trips Does not include double counting adjustment for internal trips Analysis Year; 2012 Temperature (F); 60 Season; Winter Emfac; Version : Emfac2007 V2,3 Nov 1 2006 Page:5 5/18/2010 5:27:36 PM Summarv of Land Uses Land Use Type Acreage Trip Rate Unit Type No. Units Total Trips Total VMT Home improvement superstore 50,26 1000 sqft 122.60 6,161.88 55,290,51 Strip mall 74.98 1000 sqft 21.50 1,612,07 14,465.10 Convenience mari<el with gas pumps 657,82 1000 sq ft 3,77 2,479,98 22,252.87 Bank (with drive-through) 200.00 Vehicle Fleet Mix 1000 sqft 6.00 1,200,00 11,453,93 10,767,60 102,776,08 Vehicle Type Percent Type Non-Catalyst Catalyst Diesel Light Auto 51.5 0,6 99,2 0,2 Light Truck < 3750 lbs 7.3 1,4 95,9 2,7 Light Truck 3751-5750 lbs 23.0 0,4 99,6 0,0 Med Truck 5751-8500 lbs 10.7 0,9 99,1 0,0 Lite-Heavy Truck 8501-10,000 lbs 1,6 0,0 81,2 18,8 Lite-Heavy Truck 10,001-14,000 lbs 0.5 0,0 60,0 40,0 Med-Heavy Tmck 14,001-33,000 lbs 0.9 0,0 22,2 77,8 Heavy-Heavy Tmck 33,001-60,000 lbs 0.5 0,0 0,0 100.0 Other Bus 0.1 0,0 0,0 100,0 Urban Bus 0,1 0.0 0,0 100.0 Motorcycle 2,8 60.7 39,3 0.0 School Bus 0.1 0,0 0,0 100.0 Motor Home 0,9 0.0 88,9 11,1 Page: 6 5/18/2010 5:27:36 PM Urban Trip Length (miles) Rural Trip Length (miles) Trip speeds (mph) % of Trips - Residential Home-Work 12,7 17,6 30,0 32,9 Travel Conditions Residential Home-Shop 7,0 12,1 30.0 18,0 Home-Other 9.5 14.9 30.0 49,1 Commute 13,3 15,4 30,0 Commercial Non-Work 7,4 9,6 30,0 Customer 8,9 12,6 30,0 % of Trips - Commercial (by land use) Home improvement superstore Strip mall Convenience market with gas pumps Bank (with drive-through) 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 97,0 97,0 97,0 97,0 Page: 1 5/18/2010 5:27:43 PM Urbemis 2007 Version 9,2,4 Combined Annual Emissions Reports (Tons/Year) File Name: C:\Urbemls\Urbemis 9.2.2\Projects\Palomar Airpot Commons Operations.urb924 Project Name: Palomar Airport Commons Operations Project Location: South Coast AQMD On-Road Vehicle Emissions Based on: Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 Off-Road Vehicle Emissions Based on: OFFROAD2007 Page:2 5/18/2010 5:27:43 PM Summary Report; AREA SOURCE EMISSION ESTIMATES ROG NOx CQ SQ2 PMIO PM2.5 C02 TOTALS (tons/year, unmitigated) 0,27 0,29 1,36 0,00 0,00 0.00 323,85 TOTALS (tons/year, mitigated) 0,24 0,22 1,08 0,00 0,00 0.00 259,49 Percent Reduction 11,11 24,14 20,59 NaN NaN NaN 19,87 OPERATIONAL (VEHICLE) EMISSION ESTIMATES ROG NOx CQ SQ2 PMIO PM2,5 C02 TOTALS (tons/year, unmitigated) 12,66 19,46 159,62 0,19 15,76 3.50 18,649,57 TOTALS (tons/year, mitigated) 12,09 18,55 152,20 0,18 15,03 3,33 17,783,43 Percent Reduction 4.50 4,68 4,65 5,26 4,63 4,86 4,64 SUM OF AREA SOURCE AND OPERATIONAL EMISSION ESTIMATES ROG NOx CQ S02 PMIO PM2,5 C02 TOTALS (tons/year, unmitigated) 12.93 19.75 160,98 0,19 15,76 3,50 18,973,42 TOTALS (tons/year, mitigated) 12,33 18.77 153,28 0,18 15,03 3,33 18,042,92 Percent Reducfion 4,64 4.96 4,78 5,26 4.63 4,86 4,90 Page: 3 5/18/2010 5:27:43 PM Area Source Unmitigated Detail Report: AREA SOURCE EMISSION ESTIMATES Annual Tons Per Year, Unmitigated Source Natural Gas Hearth Landscape Consumer Products Architectural Coatings TOTALS (tons/year, unmitigated) RQS 0,02 0,09 0,00 0.16 0,27 NOx 0.27 0.02 0,29 Area Source Mitigated Detail Report; AREA SOURCE EMISSION ESTIMATES Annual Tons Per Year, Mitigated Source Natural Gas Hearth Landscape Consumer Products Architectural Coatings TOTALS (tons/year, mitigated) ROG 0,02 0,07 0,00 0.15 0.24 NOx 0,21 0,01 0.22 CQ 0,23 1,13 1,36 CQ 0,18 0,90 1.08 S02 0,00 0,00 0.00 S02 0,00 0,00 0,00 PM10 0,00 0,00 0.00 PMIO 0.00 0,00 0,00 PM2,5 0,00 0,00 0.00 PM2,5 0,00 0,00 0,00 C02 321,80 2,05 323.85 C02 257,44 2,05 259,49 Area Source Changes to Defaults Page:4 5/18/2010 5:27:43 PM Operational Unmitigated Detail Report: OPERATIONAL EMISSION ESTIMATES Annual Tons Per Year, Unmitigated Source Home improvement superstore Strip mall Convenience market with gas pumps Bank (with drive-through) TOTALS (tons/year, unmitigated) ROG 6,85 1,78 2,71 1,32 12.66 NOX 10.47 2,74 4,21 2,04 19,46 CO 85,87 22,47 34,56 16,72 159,62 S02 0,10 0,03 0,04 0,02 0,19 PMIO 8,48 2,22 3,41 1,65 15,76 PM25 1.88 0.49 0,76 0,37 3,50 C02 10,032,92 2,624,81 4,037,97 1,953,87 18,649,57 Operational Mitigated Detail Report; OPERATIONAL EMISSION ESTIMATES Annual Tons Per Year, Mitigated Source Home improvement superstore Strip mall Convenience market with gas pumps Bank (with drive-through) TOTALS (tons/year, mitigated) ROG 6,54 1,70 2,59 1,26 12,09 NOX 9,98 2.61 4,02 1,94 18,55 CO 81,88 21,42 32,95 15,95 152,20 S02 0,10 0,02 0,04 0,02 0.18 PMIO 8.09 2.12 3.25 1.57 15.03 PM25 1,79 0,47 0,72 0,35 3,33 C02 9,566,96 2,502,91 3,850,43 1,863,13 17,783,43 Operational Settings; Does not include correction for passby trips Does not include double counting adjustment for internal trips Analysis Year: 2012 Season; Annual Emfac: Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006 Page: 5 5/18/2010 5:27:43 PM Summarv of Land Uses Land Use Type Acreage Trip Rate Unit Type No. Units Total Trips Total VMT Home improvement superstore 50.26 1000 sq ft 122.60 6,161,88 55,290,51 Strip mall 74,98 1000 sq ft 21.50 1,612.07 14,465,10 Convenience mari<et with gas pumps 657,82 1000 sqft 3.77 2,479,98 22,252,87 Bank (with drive-through) 200,00 Vehicle Fleet Mix 1000 sqft 6,00 1,200,00 11,453,93 10,767,60 102,776,08 Vehicle Type Percent Type Non-Catalyst Catalyst Diesel Light Auto 51,5 0.6 99.2 0,2 Light Truck < 3750 lbs 7,3 1.4 95,9 2,7 Light Truck 3751-5750 lbs 23,0 0.4 99.6 0.0 Med Truck 5751-8500 lbs 10,7 0.9 99.1 0.0 Lite-Heavy Truck 8501-10,000 lbs 1,6 0.0 81.2 18,8 Lite-Heavy Truck 10,001-14,000 lbs 0,5 0.0 60.0 40,0 Med-Heavy Truck 14,001-33,000 lbs 0,9 0.0 22.2 77,8 Heavy-Heavy Tmck 33,001-60,000 lbs 0,5 0.0 0.0 100,0 Other Bus 0,1 0.0 0,0 100,0 Urtsan Bus 0,1 0,0 0,0 100,0 Motorcycle 2.8 60,7 39,3 0,0 School Bus 0.1 0.0 0,0 100,0 Motor Home 0.9 0.0 88,9 11,1 Page: 6 5/18/2010 5:27:43 PM Urban Trip Length (miles) Rural Trip Length (miles) Trip speeds (mph) % of Trips - Residential Home-Work 12,7 17,6 30,0 32,9 Travel Conditions Residential Home-Shop 7,0 12,1 30,0 18,0 Home-Olher 9,5 14,9 30,0 49,1 Commute 13,3 15,4 30,0 Commercial Non-Work 7,4 9,6 30,0 Customer 8,9 12,6 30,0 % of Trips - Commercial (by land use) Home improvement superstore Strip mall Convenience market with gas pumps Bank (with drive-through) 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 97,0 97,0 97,0 97,0