HomeMy WebLinkAbout3202; Tamarack Avenue btwn Carlsbad Blvd & Jefferson; Tamarack Avenue btwn Carlsbad Blvd & Jefferson; 1991-03-05LEIGHTON AND ASSOCIATES, INC
Geotechnical and Environmental Engineering Consultants
GEOTECHNICAL PAVEMENT EVALUATION,
TAMARACK AVENUE BETWEEN
CARLSBAD BOULEVARD AND
JEFFERSON STREET, CARLSBAD,
CALIFORNIA
Project No 8910218-01
Prepared For:
CITY OF CARLSBAD
2075 Las Palmas Drive
Carlsbad, California 92009
5421 AVENIDA ENCINAS, SUITE C, CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 92008 (619) 931-9953
FAX (619) 931-9326
LUGHJON AMD ASSOCIATES, INC.
Geotechnical and Environmental Engineering Consultants
March 5, 1991
Project No. 8910218-01
To:
Attention:
Subject:
City of Carlsbad
Municipal Projects
2075 Las Palmas Drive
Carlsbad, California 92009-4859
Mr. Pat Entezari
Geotechnical Pavement Evaluation, Tamarack Avenue Between Carlsbad
Boulevard and Jefferson Street, Carlsbad, California
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U Introduction
In accordance with your request, we have performed an evaluation of existing pavement
conditions along Tamarack Avenue between Carlsbad Boulevard and Jefferson Street in
Carlsbad, California. The purpose of our study was to provide a determination of the existing
pavement conditions to aid in the feasibility determination of utilizing the existing pavement as
part of the eventual widening of Tamarack Avenue. This report presents a summary of our
findings and provides general recommendations for maintenance and/or repair where necessary.
Photographic documentation, pavement rating and boring and laboratory data are provided in
the appendices at the rear of this report.
Pavement Evaluation and Subsurface Investigation
Our study was performed in February 1991 and included evaluation of the roadway along
Tamarack Avenue between Carlsbad Boulevard and Jefferson Street. Existing observable
distress features of the street that warrant replacement or repair were documented on 40-scale
base maps provided by the City of Carlsbad (Plates 1 through 5). Pavements were condition-
rated based on the criteria by the Asphalt Institute (MS-17), June 1983 Edition. The pavement
rating for the roadway is provided in Appendix B.
To supplement mapped distress features, color photographs of typical distress features were
taken along the street. Reproductions of these photographs are provided in Appendix C.
Seven pavement cores were taken in the street areas as delineated on Plates 1 through 5. Cores
were 8 inches in diameter and were collected for laboratory testing. A representative bulk sample
5421 AVENIDA ENCINAS, SUITE C, CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 92008 (619)931-9953
FAX (619) 931-9326
8910218-01
of the subgrade soils was obtained for laboratory testing. Subsequent to excavation, the core
holes were backfilled and cold-patched.
Laboratory testing consisted of a determination of asphaltic concrete density, soil gradation, sand
equivalent, and R-value tests. Results of the laboratory tests are presented in Appendix D.
Summary of Subgrade and Pavement Conditions
The following presents a summary of our observations and analysis of Tamarack Avenue.
Asphalt concrete thicknesses encountered in pavement cores are summarized in Table 1. Core
locations are shown on Plates 1 through 5. Photographs of typical distress features are provided
in Appendix C.
• Pavement Conditions
The pavement of Tamarack Avenue between Jefferson Street and Carlsbad Boulevard was
generally in fair to good condition with isolated areas of distress. Distress features that were
observed during our investigation included alligator cracking, potholes, minor depressions
associated with deficient drainage, longitudinal and transverse cracking, polished aggregate,
and raveling. A significant amount of the transverse and longitudinal cracks appeared to be
directly related to cold joints within the pavement associated with previous utility trench
excavation, backfill and repaving. Deficient drainage, raveling and minor potholing were
particularly evident near the pavement shoulders.
Inspection of the cores obtained during our investigation indicated that two distinct portions
of Tamarack Avenue, each having a characteristic thickness of full-depth asphalt, can be
identified. As observed in cores AC-1 through AC-3, the pavement thickness of Tamarack
Avenue between Jefferson Street and Hibiscus Circle ranged from 2.6 inches to 3.4 inches,
with an average pavement density of approximately 138 pounds per cubic foot., As
encountered in cores AC-4 through AC-7, the pavement of Tamarack Avenue between
Hibiscus Circle and Carlsbad Boulevard ranged in thickness from 4.1 inches to 7.4 inches,
while the average pavement density was approximately 139 pounds per cubic foot.
• Subgrade
As observed during our investigation, the pavement of Tamarack Avenue is underlain by
Quaternary-aged marine terrace deposits typical of the Carlsbad area. These subgrade soils
generally consisted of red-brown, slightly damp, medium dense, silty sands.
Discussion and Recommendations
The pavement is generally in a good condition and is suitable to be overlaid and utilized as part
of the future improvements of Tamarack Avenue. Areas of observed pavement distress features
are identified on Plates 1 through 5. Where alligatored and/or potholed pavements are present,
further degradation of pavement and subgrade is likely due to water infiltration into the subgrade,
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8910218-01
loss of fines through cracks in the pavement, and poor distribution of wheel loads to the
subgrade. If an asphaltic concrete overlay is placed directly over alligatored and/or potholed
pavement, reflection cracking is likely to occur. Therefore, we recommend removal and
replacement of pavement in these areas. Those areas not identified for replacement are
anticipated to receive an overlay as recommended in Table 1.
Where localized pavement replacement has been recommended, the design pavement section
as recommended in Table 1 has been calculated in accordance with the Caltrans Design Manual.
Overlay thickness has been determined in accordance with the Asphalt Institute Manual (MS-17).
Based on our conversations with representatives of The City of Carlsbad, we have utilized design
traffic indices 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0. The recommended overlay and replacement section thickness
for each design traffic index is summarized below. Please note that existing pavements have
been placed on native soils without aggregate base. For pavements to be replaced, we have
indicated the current City minimum design sections (with aggregate base) and full-depth asphalt
sections based on the subgrade R-value. The City minimum design sections are more
substantial and would provide a better pavement durability. However, the City of Carlsbad
should select the appropriate design section based on the alternatives provided.
TABLE 1
Tamarack Avenue - Jefferson Street to Hibiscus Circle
Traffic
Index
6.0
7.0
8.0
Minimum Overlay
Thickness
(in inches)
2.0
2.0
2.0
Minimum Pavement
Replacement Section*
(in inches)
4 A.C./6 A.B.
4 A.C./6 A.B.
4.5 A.C./6 A.B.
Minimum Full-Depth
Asphalt and
Replacement Section**
(in inches)
4.0
4.0
5.0
Tamarack Avenue - Hibiscus Circle to Carlsbad Boulevard
6.0
7.0
8.0
1.0
1-0
1.0
4A.C./6A.B.
4 A.C./6 A.B.
4.5 A.C./6 A.B.
4.0
4.0
5.0
* Based on City of Carlsbad's minimum design sections.
** Design pavement section based on subgrade R-value.
Aggregate Base (A.B.) should conform to Caltrans Class II specifications.
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8910218-01
It should be noted that some distress features in the pavements may be present which were not
visible at the time of our study. Therefore, we recommend that pavements to be overlaid be
checked for additional evidence of distress after surface milling and prior to overlay construction.
In order to reduce the potential for reflection cracking and joint distortion, we recommend that
a pavement reinforcing fabric such as Petromat be applied to the pavement along existing joint
utility backfill areas and along seams within the pavement prior to overlay. The fabric should
extend at least 1 foot outside of these areas of cracking or wider, if necessary, to facilitate
placement. In addition, we recommend that areas of longitudinal, transverse or shrinkage cracks
be slurry sealed prior to overlay.
. o
Where removal and replacement of pavement is recommended, subgrade soils should be
inspected for soft spots or saturation. Subgrade soils in pavement replacement areas should be
brought to near-optimum moisture conditions and compacted to at least 95 percent relative
compaction (ASTM Test Method D1557-78). Aggregate base should also be compacted to
95 percent (ASTM Test Method D1557-78).
Please do not hesitate to contact this office if you have any questions regarding our report. We
appreciate this opportunity to be of service.
Respectfully submitted,
LEIGHTON AND ASSOCIATES, INC.
Michael R. Stewart, CEG 1349 (Exp. 6/30/92)
Chief Geologist
Stan Helenschmidt, GE 2064 (Exp. 6/30/92)
Chief Engineer/Manager
WM/MRS/SRH/mss
Distribution: (3) Addressee
Attachments: Plates 1 through 5 - Pavement Evaluation
Appendix A - References
Appendix B - Asphalt Pavement Rating
Appendix C - Photographs of Distress Features
Appendix D - Laboratory Test Results
Appendix E - Pavement Section and Overlay Calculations
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LSIGHWM AMD Ass&ams, IMC
8910218-01
APPENDIX A
REFERENCES
PI Asphalt Institute, 1983, Asphalt Overlays for Highway and Street Rehabilitation, Manual Series
No. 17 (MS-17), dated June 1983.
Caltrans, 1988, Highway Design Manual, 4th Edition, dated August 5, 1988.
Carlsbad, City of, 1990, Tamarack Avenue Alignment Study Plan and Profile, 44' Curb-to-Curb
with Local Widening, Project No. 3203, Sheets 13 through 17.
A-1
APPENDIX B
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LCIGHTON AND ASSOCIATES, INC.
ASPHALT PAVEMENT RATING FORM
STREET OR ROUTE Tamarack Blvd. CITY OR COUNTY Carlsbad
LENGTH OF PROJECT 2685 feet WIDTH 44 ft- ' 75 ft-
PAVEMENT TYPE Asphaltic Concrete DATE February 20. 1991
(Note: A rating of "0" indicates defect does not occur)
DEFECTS RATING
Transverse Cracks 0-5 2
Longitudinal Cracks 0-5 2
Alligator Cracks 0-10 3_
Shrinkage Cracks 0-5 0_
Rutting 0-10 1_
Corrugations 0-5 0_
Raveling 0-5 4_
Shoving or Pushing 0-10 1_
Pot Holes 0-10 3_
Excess Asphalt 0-10 1^
Polished Aggregate 0-5 1_
Deficient Drainage 0-10 4_
Overall Riding Quality (0 is excellent;
10 is very poor) 0-10 2_
Sum of Defects 24
Condition Rating = 100 - Sum of Defects
= 100 - 24 _
Condition Rating =
APPENDIX C
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APPENDIX E
LEIGHTON AND ASSOCIATES, INC.
8910218-01
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APPENDIX E
PAVEMENT SECTION AND OVERLAY CALCULATIONS
SUMMARY OF ASPHALTIC CONCRETE THICKNESS AND DENSITY
Core Number Average Thickness Measured Density
AC-1 3.1" 142.4pcf
AC-2 3.4" 140.3pcf
AC-3 2.6" 132.2pcf
AC-4 6.3" 138.9pcf
AC-5 7.4" 140.5pcf
AC-6 5.6" 137.8pcf
AC-7 4.1" 137.8pcf
E-1
8910218-01
APPENDIX E
EQUIVALENT AXLE LOAD CALCULATIONS (20-Year)
TAMARACK AVENUE: JEFFERSON STREET TO CARLSBAD BOULEVARD
Tl = 9.0
EAL\
106J
.119
Tl=6.0
Tl=7.0
Tl=8.0
E-2
8910218-01
APPENDIX E
PAVEMENT SECTION AND OVERLAY CALCULATIONS
PAVEMENT SECTION DESIGN
PROJECT DESCRIPTION : REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT DESIGN OF TAMARACK AVENUE
ASSUMING Tl=6.0
DESIGN R-VALUE OF SUBGRADE (R) = 71.0
DESIGN TRAFFIC INDEX (Tl) = 6.0
GRAVEL EQUIVALENT (G.E.) = 0.0032 * 6.0 * (100. - 71.0)
= 0.66 FEET
RECOMMENDED PAVEMENT SECTION IS:
4.0 INCHES ASPHALTIC CONCRETE OVER
6.0 INCHES CALTRANS CLASS II AGGREGATE BASE
OR
4.0 INCHES FULL-DEPTH ASPHALTIC CONCRETE
E-3
8910218-01
APPENDIX E
PAVEMENT SECTION AND OVERLAY CALCULATIONS
PAVEMENT SECTION DESIGN
PROJECT DESCRIPTION : REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT DESIGN OF TAMARACK AVENUE
ASSUMING Tl=7.0
DESIGN R-VALUE OF SUBGRADE (R) = 71.0
DESIGN TRAFFIC INDEX (Tl) = 7.0
GRAVEL EQUIVALENT (G.E.) = 0.0032 * 7.0 * (100. - 71.0)
= 0.75 FEET
RECOMMENDED PAVEMENT SECTION IS:
4.0 INCHES ASPHALTIC CONCRETE OVER
6.0 INCHES CALTRANS CLASS II AGGREGATE BASE
OR
4.0 INCHES FULL-DEPTH ASPHALTIC CONCRETE
E-4
8910218-01
APPENDIX E
PAVEMENT SECTION AND OVERLAY CALCULATIONS
PAVEMENT SECTION DESIGN
PROJECT DESCRIPTION : REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT DESIGN OF TAMARACK AVENUE
ASSUMING Tl=8.0
DESIGN R-VALUE OF SUBGRADE (R) = 71.0
DESIGN TRAFFIC INDEX (Tl) = 8.0
GRAVEL EQUIVALENT (G.E.) = 0.0032 * 8.0 * (100. - 71.0)
= 0.84 FEET
RECOMMENDED PAVEMENT SECTION IS:
4.5 INCHES ASPHALTIC CONCRETE OVER
6.0 INCHES AGGREGATE BASE
OR
5.0 INCHES FULL-DEPTH ASPHALTIC CONCRETE
E-5
8910218-01
APPENDIX E
PAVEMENT SECTION AND OVERLAY CALCULATIONS
Effective Thickness Design for Overlay
Street - Tamarack Avenue (Tl=6.0)
Section - Jefferson Street to Hibiscus Circle
A.C. Average Thickness = 3.0" Based on Cores AC-1 through AC-3
From Table V-2 of Asphalt Institute MS-17
Te(A.C) = 0.7(3.0") = 2.1"
Te(Total) = 2.1" »2.0"
Mr= 1,155 + 555 (R-value)
= 1,155 + 555(71)
= 40,560 psi
For Tl of 6.0 - 20-Year EAL = 3.3 x 104
Tn = 4.0" (Minimum)
T0 = 4.0" - 2.0" = 2.0"
Use 2.0" Overlay
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8910218-01
APPENDIX E
PAVEMENT SECTION AND OVERLAY CALCULATIONS
Effective Thickness Design for Overlay
Street - Tamarack Avenue (Tl=7.0)
Section - Jefferson Street to Hibiscus Circle
A.C. Average Thickness = 3.0"
From Table V-2 of Asphalt Institute MS-17
Te(A.C) = 0.7(3.0") = 2.1 "
Te(Total) = 2.1" «2.0"
Mr = 1,155 + 555 (R-value)
= 1,155 + 555 (71)
= 40,560 psi
For Tl of 7.0 - 20-Year EAL = 1.2 x 105
Tn = 4.0" (Minimum)
T0 = 4.0"-2.0" = 2.0"
Use 2.0" Overlay
Based on Cores AC-1 through AC-3
E-7
8910218-01
APPENDIX E
PAVEMENT SECTION AND OVERLAY CALCULATIONS
Effective Thickness Design for Overlay
Street - Tamarack Avenue (Tl=8.0)
Section - Jefferson Street to Hibiscus Circle
A.C. Average Thickness = 3.0"
From Table V-2 of Asphalt Institute MS-17
TJA.C) = 0.7(3.0") = 2.1"
Ta(Total) =2.1" » 2.0"
Mr = 1,155 + 555 (R-value)
= 1,155 + 555(71)
= 40,560 psi
For Tl of 8.0 - 20-Year EAL = 3.7 x 105
Tn = 4.0" (Minimum)
T0 = 4.0" - 2.0" = 2.0"
Use 2.0" Overlay
E-8
Based on Cores AC-1 through AC-3
8910218-01
APPENDIX E
PAVEMENT SECTION AND OVERLAY CALCULATIONS
Effective Thickness Design for Overlay
Street - Tamarack Avenue (Tl=6.0)
Section - Hibiscus Circle to Carlsbad Boulevard
A.C. Average Thickness = 5.9" Based on Cores AC-4 through AC-7
From Table V-2 of Asphalt Institute MS-17
Te(A.C) = 0.7(5.9") = 4.1"
T9(Total) = 4.1" =4.0"
Mr= 1,155 + 555 (R-value)
= 1,155 + 555(71)
= 40,560 psi
For Tl of 6.0 - 20-Year EAL = 3.3 x 104
Tn = 4.0" (Minimum)
T0 = 4.0" - 4.0" = 0
No Overlay Required
E-9
8910218-01
APPENDIX E
PAVEMENT SECTION AND OVERLAY CALCULATIONS
Effective Thickness Design for Overlay
Street - Tamarack Avenue (Tl=7.0)
Section - Hibiscus Circle to Carlsbad Boulevard
A.C. Average Thickness = 5.9" Based on Cores AC-4 through AC-7
From Table V-2 of Asphalt Institute MS-17
Te(A.C) = 0.7(5.9") = 4.1"
Te(Total) = 4.1" = 4.0"
Mr= 1,155 + 555(R-value)
= 1,155 + 555(71)
= 40,560 psi
ForTI of 7.0 - 20-Year EAL = 1.2x 10s
Tn = 4.0" (Minimum)
T0 = 4.0" - 4.0" = 0
No Overlay Required
E-10
8910218-01
APPENDIX E
PAVEMENT SECTION AND OVERLAY CALCULATIONS
Effective Thickness Design for Overlay
Street - Tamarack Avenue (Tl=8.0)
Section - Hibiscus Circle to Carlsbad Boulevard
A.C. Average Thickness = 5.9" Based on Cores AC-4 through AC-7
From Table V-2 of Asphalt Institute MS-17
Te(A.C) = 0.7(5.9") = 4.1"
Te(Total) = 4.1" »4.0"
Mr = 1,155 + 555 (R-value)
= 1,155 + 555(71)
= 40,560 psi
For Tl of 8.0 - 20-Year EAL = 3.7 x 105
Tn = 4.0" (Minimum)
To = 4.0" - 4.0" = 0
No Overlay Required
E-11
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