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HomeMy WebLinkAbout6620; STORM DRAIN CONDITION ASSESSMENT PROGRAM; STORM DRAIN ASSET BUSINESS RISK EXPOSURE RE CALIBRATION; 2018-09-01 Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 1 20069-001 September 19, 2018 To: Danny Zimny, City of Carlsbad From: Sean Pour, Hazen Dawn Guendert, Hazen Janet Ortega, Hazen Peace Maari, Hazen, Arthur Moncrieffe, Hazen cc: Kevin Alexander, Hazen Tama Snow, Hazen Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration City of Carlsbad Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 3 1.1 Background .............................................................................................................................. 3 1.2 Purpose .................................................................................................................................... 4 2. Probability of Failure ................................................................................................ 4 2.1 Condition-Based Probability of Failure ..................................................................................... 4 2.2 Age-Based Probability of Failure .............................................................................................. 6 2.3 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 6 3. Consequence of Failure ........................................................................................... 9 3.1 Zoning / Landuse / Facilities ................................................................................................... 10 3.2 Traffic Impact ......................................................................................................................... 12 3.3 Environmentally Sensitive Areas ............................................................................................ 14 3.4 Special Flood Hazard Area CoF ............................................................................................. 16 3.5 Unit Type CoF ........................................................................................................................ 18 3.6 Unit Sub-Type / Size CoF ....................................................................................................... 18 3.6.1 Unit Subtype / Size CoF Override .............................................................................. 18 3.7 Total CoF ............................................................................................................................... 20 3.7.1 Total CoF Override .................................................................................................... 20 3.8 Final CoF Results ................................................................................................................... 20 3.9 CoF Flowchart ........................................................................................................................ 23 4. Business Risk Exposure (BRE) Results ................................................................. 26 5. Summary and Recommendations .......................................................................... 35 Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 3 1. Introduction 1.1 Background The City of Carlsbad (City) is facing some challenges common amongst water and wastewater utilities across the country. Rising costs, aging infrastructure, increasing regulatory requirements, environmental complexities, and a changing work force are just some of the challenges the City’s Storm Drain Group wants to address through updating their existing Asset Management Plan. The purpose of the Plan is to prioritize condition assessment efforts, reduce risk, and increase reliability of the City’s storm drain system. Hazen was tasked by the City to recalibrate the Business Risk Exposure (BRE) component of the Storm Drain Asset Management Plan that consists of a condition-based Probability of Failure (PoF) and an updated Consequence of Failure (CoF) framework. Business Risk Exposure scores were calculated for the northwest quadrant of the City’s service area which was agreed upon by Hazen and the City as the Pilot Area. Figure 1-1 demonstrates the location of the Pilot Area within the City boundary used for this study. Figure 1-1: Pilot Area Used for BRE Recalibration Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 4 1.2 Purpose This document summarizes the following analyses for assets located in the Pilot Area:  Probability of Failure o Summary of CCTV data and conversion to Probability of Failure (PoF) scores o Summary of PoF scores for all assets, including age- and condition-based  Consequence of Failure o Updated Consequence of Failure framework (CoF) o CoF flow chart o Summary of Total CoF scores for all storm drain assets  Business Risk Exposure o Summary of Business Risk Exposure (BRE) scores o Visual summary of BRE scores 2. Probability of Failure Probability of Failure measures an asset’s likelihood of failure. Methods of calculating PoF for all storm drain assets differed based on asset type and availability of CCTV data. The following PoF calculation methods were applied to storm drain assets:  Gravity Mains o Condition-based if CCTV data is available o Age-based if CCTV data is not available  Discharge Structures, Inlet Structures, Detention Basins, Open Drains, Junctions, Cleanouts o Age-Based 2.1 Condition-Based Probability of Failure PoF for gravity mains with CCTV data were calculated using the National Association of Sewer System Companies (NASSCO) Pipeline Assessment Certification Program (PACP) defect code conversion method (see Appendix A). Structural defect codes recorded in CCTV observations were converted into Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 5 condition grades that were then calculated into an overall rating. Table 2-1 shows some of the logics used to convert structural PACP codes to condition grades. Table 2-1: Logics to Convert Structural PACP Codes to Condition Grades PACP Code Meaning Code Type Condition Grade B Broken Structural 5 CL Heavy roots in crack/joint Structural 2 CM Cracks Multiple Structural 3 CS Radial Hairline Crack Structural 2 D Endentation on pipe Structural 4 FC Cracked Joint Severe Structural 3 FL Fracture Longitudinal Structural 3 FM Longitudinal Severe Structural 4 FS Radial Moderate Crack Structural 3 H Hole Structural 5 HSV Hole Soil Visible Structural 5 Number of defects, length of defects and the condition grade were referenced to calculate the overall rating, as seen in Table 2-2. Table 2-2 An Example of Pipeline Overall Rating Components Condition Grade Number of Defects Segment Grade 5 6 30 4 0 0 3 2 6 2 4 8 1 0 0 Total 12 44 Once the overall rating was determined, the Pipe Rating Index (RI) was calculated using the formula shown in Figure 2-1. 𝑅𝐼=Overall Rating Total number of defects Figure 2-1: Pipe Rating Index Formula Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 6 Pipe rating indexes were then compared to the maximum assigned condition score of a pipe segment. If the maximum condition score was greater, the pipe segment was assigned that score and vice versa. 2.2 Age-Based Probability of Failure PoF for gravity mains without CCTV data and all other storm drain asset classes were determined using age and useful life. The age of the assets were divided by its corresponding useful life to calculate the PoF percentage. The formula used for this calculation is shown in Figure 2-2 below. Figure 2-2: Formula Used to Calculate Age-Based Probability of Failure Useful lives used to determine Probability of Failure can be found in Appendix B. 2.3 Results Figure 2-3, Figure 2-4 and Table 2-3 demonstrate PoF results for gravity mains, and all storm drain assets. Table 2-3: PoF Results for Gravity Mains PoF Count % of System 0 – 30% 701 46% 30 – 60% 711 47% 60 – 90% 67 4% 90 – 100% 30 3% Total 1,509 100% Age Based PoF Age / Useful Life Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 7 Figure 2-3: PoF Results for Gravity Main Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 8 Figure 2-4: PoF Summary for All Storm Drain Assets Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 9 3. Consequence of Failure Consequence of Failure (CoF) evaluates the direct and indirect impacts of asset failure against triple bottom line factors (Environment, Economic, and Social). CoF for the Pilot Area was calculated by assigning updated weights to updated CoF criteria proposed by Hazen and approved by the City (see Table 3-1 and Table 3-2. Table 3-1: CoF Criteria and Weighting for Gravity Mains, Discharge Structures, Inlet Structures and Detention Basins Table 3-2: CoF Criteria and Weighting for Open Drains, Junctions, Cleanouts and Outfalls Open Drains, Junctions, Clean Outs, Outfalls Zoning / Land Use / Facilities Traffic Impact Environmentally Sensitive Areas Special Flood Hazard Area Unit Type Unit Sub - Type 20% 30% 10% 5% 20% 15% The remainder of this section will briefly describe each criteria and weighting and the final results. A CoF weighting and criteria flow chart was created to visually represent Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 and assist in future application of CoF logics in Innovyze InfoMaster software. Gravity Mains, Discharge Structures, Inlet Structures, Detention Basins Zoning / Land Use / Facilities Traffic Impact Environmentally Sensitive Areas Special Flood Hazard Area Unit Type Size 20% 30% 10% 5% 20% 15% Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 10 3.1 Zoning / Landuse / Facilities This criterion determines an asset’s proximity to critical facilities. Detailed scoring and corresponding facility types can be found in the CoF Weighting and Criteria flow chart in Section 3.9. The following summarizes the GIS layers provided by the City that were intersected with asset layers to determine the scoring for this criterion:  FacilitySitePoint – Point layer that contains critical facilities such as schools, special housing units, health offices and public facilities within the City boundary.  FireStation – Point layer that contains fire stations located within the City boundary.  Park – Point layer that contains areas identified as parks located within the City boundary.  GeneralPlanLanduse – Parcel layer with assigned land use located within the City boundary.  Zoning District – Parcel layer with assigned zoning type located within the City boundary. Table 3-3 and Figure 3-1 demonstrate Zoning / Landuse / Facilities CoF summary for Gravity Mains only. Summary of other storm drain assets can be found in Appendix C. Table 3-3: Zoning / Landuse / Facility CoF Summary for Gravity Mains Zoning / Landuse / Facility CoF Count % of System 1 97 6% 2 30 2% 3 738 49% 4 319 21% 5 325 22% Total 1,509 100% Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 11 Figure 3-1: Zoning / Landuse / Facility CoF Summary for Gravity Mains Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 12 3.2 Traffic Impact This criterion determines and asset’s proximity to various road types within the City’s boundary. Detailed scoring and corresponding road types can be found in the CoF Weighting and Criteria flow chart in Section 3.9. The following summarizes the GIS layers provided by the City that were intersected with asset layers to determine the scoring for this criterion:  RoadCenterline – Polyline layer with all roads within the City’s boundary, except for Railroads. Assets located near the railroad were manually identified. Table 3-4 and Figure 3-2 demonstrate Traffic Impact CoF summary for Gravity Mains only. Summary of other storm drain assets can be found in Appendix D. Table 3-4: Traffic Impact CoF Summary for Gravity Mains Traffic Impact CoF Count % of System 1 81 5% 2 816 54% 3 54 4% 4 356 24% 5 202 13% Total 1,509 100% Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 13 Figure 3-2: Traffic Impact CoF Summary for Gravity Mains Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 14 3.3 Environmentally Sensitive Areas This criterion determines an asset’s proximity to environmentally sensitive areas identified by the City. Detailed scoring can be found in the CoF Weighting and Criteria flow chart in Section 3.9 The following summarizes the GIS layers provided by the City that were intersected with asset layers to determine the scoring for this criterion:  EnvironmentallySensitiveArea – Polygon layer that contains environmentally sensitive locations and buffer assigned by the City. Table 3-5 and Figure 3-3 demonstrate Environmentally Sensitive Area CoF summary for Gravity Mains only. Summary of other storm drain assets can be found in Appendix E. Table 3-5: Environmentally Sensitive Area CoF Summary for Gravity Mains ESA CoF Count % of System 1 1,262 84% 3 247 16% Total 1,509 Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 15 Figure 3-3: Environmentally Sensitive Area CoF Summary for Gravity Mains Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 16 3.4 Special Flood Hazard Area CoF This criterion determines an asset’s proximity to special flood zone areas identified by the City. Detailed scoring can be found in the CoF Weighting and Criteria flow chart in Section 3.9. The following summarizes the GIS layers provided by the City that were intersected with asset layers to determine the scoring for this criterion:  FEMAFloodZoneCarlsbad – Polygon layer that contains areas identified by FEMA as flood hazard areas. Table 3-6 and Figure 3-4 demonstrate Special Flood Hazard Area CoF summary for Gravity Mains only. Summary of other storm drain assets can be found in Appendix F. Table 3-6: Special Flood Zone Hazard Area CoF Summary for Gravity Mains Special Flood Zone Hazard Area CoF Count % of System 1 1,463 97% 3 46 3% Total 1,509 100% Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 17 Figure 3-4: Special Flood Hazard Area CoF Summary for Gravity Mains Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 18 3.5 Unit Type CoF This criterion assigns a CoF score based on the type of the asset. Detailed scoring can be found in the CoF Weighting and Criteria flow chart in Section 3.9. Table 3-7 demonstrates Unit Type CoF summary for Gravity Mains only. Summary of other storm drain assets can be found in Appendix G. Table 3-7: Unit Type CoF Summary for Gravity Mains Unit Type CoF Count % of System 5 1,509 100% Total 1,509 100% 3.6 Unit Sub-Type / Size CoF This criterion assigns a CoF score based on unit subtype or size. Assets that have unit subtype information were scored with a unit-subtype criteria. Assets that did not have unit subtype information were scored based on size. Detailed scoring can be found in the CoF Weighting and Criteria flow chart in Section 3.9. 3.6.1 Unit Subtype / Size CoF Override In order to capture storm drain assets that are highly critical to the City, the Unit Sub-Type / Size CoF for the following assets were replaced with a CoF of 5:  Major outfalls (list provided by the City)  Assets tributary to persistently flowing outfalls (list provided by the City) Table 3-8 and Figure 3-5 demonstrate Unit Subtype / Size CoF summary for Gravity Mains. Summary of other storm drain assets can be found in Appendix H. Table 3-8: Unit Subtype / Size CoF Summary for Gravity Mains Subtype_Size CoF Count % of System 1 178 11% 2 692 46% 3 314 21% 4 271 18% 5 54 4% Total 1,509 Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 19 Figure 3-5: Unit Subtype / Size CoF Summary for Gravity Mains Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 20 3.7 Total CoF CoF scores for each criterion and weighting shown in Table 3-1 and Table 3-2 were multiplied together and summed to calculate a Total CoF score. 3.7.1 Total CoF Override In order to capture storm drain assets that are extra critical to the City, the Total CoF score for assets with the following criteria were replaced with a score of 5:  Zoning / Landuse / Facility CoF score of 5 OR  Traffic Impact CoF score of 5 3.8 Final CoF Results Figure 3-6 and Figure 3-7 summarize Total CoF results for all storm drain assets after the application of override. Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 21 Figure 3-6: Total CoF Summary for All Storm Drain Assets Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 22 Figure 3-7: Total CoF Summary for Gravity Mains Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 23 3.9 CoF Flowchart The following chart visually summarizes the CoF criteria, weighting and overrides applied to calculate Total CoF of a storm drain asset. This flowchart is intended to assist the City in programming consequence of failure logics in Innovyze InfoMaster software. The flowchart begins with the CoF criteria at the very top, leading to the assigned weightings for each and the final calculation of the Total CoF score. A legend is provided on the bottom left-hand corner to help the user identify what criteria is applicable to what assets, the weighting assigned to a criterion, and when to apply an override rule. This flowchart is applicable to all storm drain assets. An example of how to use this flowchart for a gravity main is described below. Scenario - Gravity Main with the following characteristics: o Adjacent to a school o Located under major arterial o NOT located within ESA or Special Flood Hazard Area o Conveyance size of 1.7 SF o Tributary to persistently flowing outfall Using the information above, the gravity main will be scored with the following using the text boxes located below the CoF criteria blocks (in blue, green and yellow):  Zoning / Land Use / Facilities o Since the gravity main is located next to a school, it will receive a score of 5 for this criterion.  Traffic Impact o Assets located next to a major arterial are assigned a score of 4.  Environmentally Sensitive Area o The gravity main is NOT identified to be located within a ESA, assigning this asset a score of 1.  Special Flood Hazard Area o The gravity main is NOT identified to be located within a Special Flood Hazard Area, assigning this asset a score of 1. Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 24  Unit Type o Since this asset is a gravity main, it will be assigned a score of 5.  Unit Subtype / Size o Referencing the legend in the bottom left-hand corner of the flowchart, gravity mains fall under the yellow block, meaning that the size criteria will be used to score this asset. o The gravity main has a conveyance size of 1.7 SF, corresponding to a score of 1.  This criterion leads to a blue override block in the flowchart. The gravity main is identified to be tributary to a persistently flowing outfall, replacing the score of 1 with a score of 5.  Total CoF Score o After all the scores have been assigned, multiply the scores by the corresponding weighting. These are then summed to calculate the Total CoF Score.  This leads to a blue override block in the flowchart. Since the gravity main received a score of 5 for the Zoning / Land Use / Facilities criteria, the Total CoF Score calculated is replaced with a score of 5. Zoning / Land Use / Facilities Traffic Impact Environmentally Sensitive Areas Special Flood Hazard Area Unit Type SizeUnit Sub-Type Commercial Areas Public Facilities Schools 5 High Density Residential Areas Tourist Areas Industrial Areas Community Facilities ------------------------------------------------------------------ Local Shopping Centers Offices Village Areas 4 Parks Professional Areas Senior Apartments ------------------------------------------------------------------ Medium and Low Density Residential Agricultural Local Shopping Centers 3 Mobile Home Parks Residential Waterways ------------------------------------------------------------------ Rural Residential 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Open Space 1 ------------------------------------------------------------------ Planned Community: Use Land Use layer Transportation Corridor: Traffic Impact Score Prime Arterial: 5 Freeway: 5 Freeway Ramp: 5 Railroad: 5 Major Arterial: 4 Secondary Arterial: 4 Industrial Street: 3 Collector Street: 3 Local Street: 2 Local Street Cul-de-sac: 2 Alley: 2 Private Local Street: 1 Private Driveway: 1 Dirt Road: 1 Within 200-ft ESA Buffer? Yes: 3 No: 1 Within Special Flood Hazard Area (FEMA)? Yes: 3 No: 1 Gravity Main: 5 Junctions: 3 Inlet Structure: 2 Discharge Structure: 2 Clean Out: 2 Open Drain: 1 Detention Basin: 1 Gravity Mains Conveyance Size (SF) Size > 21 : 5 Size > 7 : 4 Size > 1.9 : 3 Size > 1.7 : 2 Size ≤ 1.7 : 1 Discharge Structures Conveyance Size (LF) Outfall with Classification (A1,C1,A2,C2) refer to Unit Sub- Type scoring Size > 21 : 5 Size > 15 : 4 Size > 10.5 : 3 Size > 5 : 2 Size ≤ 5 : 1 Blank: 2 Curb Outlet: 2 Inlet Structures Conveyance Size (LF) Size > 21 : 5 Size > 16 : 4 Size > 10.5 : 3 Size > 5 : 2 Size ≤ 5 : 1 Null or 0: 2 Detention Basin Area (SF) > 200,000: 5 > 100,000: 4 > 50,000: 3 > 10,000: 2 ≤ 10,000: 1 Blank: 2 Open Drain Channel: 5 Ditch: 4 Connectivity Flow: 3 Swale: 1 Cleanout Type A: 2 Type B: 1 Water Treatment Unit: 1 Junction Connectivity: 3 Channel: 3 End Cap: 3 Pipe Junction: 3 Outfall A1: 5 C1: 4 A2: 2 C2: 1 Unit Type 20% Special Flood Hazard Area 5%Environmentally Sensitive Area 10% Size / Unit Sub-Type 15% Traffic Impact 30% Zoning / Land Use / Facilities 20% Multiply by Multiply by Multiply by Multiply by Multiply by Major outfall? OR Tributary to Persistently Flowing Outfall? 5 YESMultiply by Sum Equals Total CoF Score All Asset Types Gravity Mains, Discharge Structures, Inlet Structures, Detention Basins Open Drains, Junctions, Cleanouts CoF Weighting CoF score (1-5) LEGEND Size / Unit Subtype Score Size / Unit Subtype Score NO Multiply By Override Facility / Landuse / Zoning Score 5? OR Traffic Score 5? Final CoF Score of 5YES NO Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 26 4. Business Risk Exposure (BRE) Results BRE scores for the City’s storm drain assets were calculated by multiplying Total CoF scores with Probability of Failure scores. Figures 4-1 to 4-8 summarize BRE results for all storm drain assets located within the Pilot area of the City of Carlsbad. Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 27 Figure 4-1: BRE Score Summary for All Storm Drain Assets Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 28 Figure 4-2: Map of BRE Scores for Gravity Mains Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 29 Figure 4-3: Map of BRE Scores for Clean Outs Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 30 Figure 4-4: Map of BRE Scores for Detention Basins Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 31 Figure 4-5: Map of BRE Scores for Discharges Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 32 Figure 4-6: Map of BRE Scores for Inlets Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 33 Figure 4-7: Map of BRE Scores for Junctions Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 34 Figure 4-8: Map of BRE Scores for Open Drains Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration Page 35 5. Summary and Recommendations This technical memorandum summarized the steps taken to recalibrate the City’s storm drain business risk exposure and included a flow chart visualizing the updated logics for the recalibrated risk model.. The City’s storm drain assets included:  Gravity Mains  Discharge Structures  Inlet Structures  Detention Basins  Open Drains  Junctions  Clean Outs A pilot area was defined and the gaps in the asset data were identified and closed using the City’s institutional knowledge. A PACP compliant methodology was developed to turn the City’s existing CCTV data into condition scores to increase the confidence in calculating the probability of failure. Hazen began with the City’s existing consequence of failure methodology and additional criteria and logics were added in order increase the confidence in the results. In addition, the weightings for the criteria were adjusted and overriding rules were applied to ensure that the risk model reflects the City’s goals, objective and priorities. The risk results in the pilot area indicate that the City has 17 pipe segments with the total length of about 2,200 feet with a BRE score of greater than 4 (out of 5), out of which 11 pipe segments (about 1,300 feet) has been televised in 2017. It is recommended the City plan for condition assessment of the remaining 6 pipe segments (about 900 ft) with BRE score of greater than 4 that have not been televised yet. It is recommended the City expand the risk model to the entire service area in order to develop a prioritized plan for a city-wide condition assessment. Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-1 Appendix A – NASSCO PACP Condition Grading System Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-2 Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-3 Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-4 Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-5 Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-6 Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-7 Appendix B – Useful Lives Used for PoF Calculation Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-8 Appendix C – Zoning / Landuse / Facility CoF Results The following pie charts represent asset CoF summaries for this criterion. In the data callouts, please refer to the following to identify count, percentage, and the legend for these graphs. Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-9 Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-10 Appendix D – Traffic Impact CoF Results The following pie charts represent asset CoF summaries for this criterion. In the data callouts, please refer to the following to identify count, percentage, and the legend for these graphs. Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-11 Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-12 Appendix E – Environmentally Sensitive Area CoF Summary The following pie charts represent asset CoF summaries for this criterion. In the data callouts, please refer to the following to identify count, percentage, and the legend for these graphs. Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-13 Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-14 Appendix F – Special Flood Hazard Area CoF Summary The following pie charts represent asset CoF summaries for this criterion. In the data callouts, please refer to the following to identify count, percentage, and the legend for these graphs. Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-15 Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-16 Appendix G – Unit Type CoF Summary The following table summarizes the Unit Type CoF summary for each asset type. Visuals were not included as this criterion is assigned based on the unit type solely. Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-17 Appendix H – Unit Subtype / Size CoF Summary The following pie charts represent asset CoF summaries for this criterion. In the data callouts, please refer to the following to identify count, percentage, and the legend for these graphs. Storm Drain Asset Business Risk Exposure Recalibration A-18 A-19