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C ONS U43AT^T'S 4:
Geotechnical Engineering Investigation
Proposed Toyota Carlsbad Renovation and Addition Development
6020-6030 Avenida Encinas
Carlsbad, California
Prepared For:
Toyota Carlsbad
6030 Avenida Encinas #220
Carlsbad, California 92008
Attn.: Ms. Judith Jones
Project Number 12040-05
April 4, 2005
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section Page
1.0 Project Description 2
2.0 Site Description 2
3.0 Site Exploration 2
4.0 Laboratory Tests 3
4.1 Field Moisture Content 4
4.2 Maximum Density Test 4
4.3 Expansion Index Tests 4
4.4 Corrosion Design Criteria 4
4.5 Direct Shear Tests 4
4.6 Consolidation Tests 4
5.0 Seismicity Evaluation 5
6.0 Liquefaction Evaluation 6
7.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 7
7.1 Site Grading Recommendations 7
7.1.1 Removal and Recompaction Recommendations 8
7.1.2 Fill Blanl<et Recommendations 9
7.2 Shrinkage and Subsidence 9
7.3 Temporary Excavations 10
7.4 Foundation Design 10
7.5 Settlement Analysis 11
7.6 Lateral Resistance 11
7.7 Retaining Wail Design Parameters 11
7.8 Slab Design 12
7.9 Pavement Section Design 13
7.10 Utility Trencii and Excavation Backfili 14
7.11 Corrosion Design Criteria 14
8.0 Closure 15
NorCal Engineermg
Soils and Geotechnical Consultants
10641 Humbolt Street Los Alamitos, CA 90720
(562) 799-9469 Fax (562) 799-9459
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Toyota Carlsbad
6030 Avenida Encinas #220
Carlsbad, California 92008
Attn.: Ms. Judith Jones
RE: Geotechnical Engineering Investigation - Proposed Toyota
Carlsbad Renovation and Addition Development - Located at 6020-
6030 Avenida Encinas, in the City of Carlsbad, California
Dear Ms. Jones:
Pursuant to your request, this firm has performed a Geotechnical Engineering
Investigation in accordance with your authorization. The purpose of this
investigation is to evaluate the subsurface conditions of the subject site and to
provide recommendations for the proposed automobile service development.
The scope of work included the following: 1) site reconnaissance; 2) subsurface
geotechnical exploration and sampling; 3) laboratory testing; 4) engineering
analysis of field and laboratory data; 5) and preparation of a geotechnical
engineering report. It is the opinion ofthis firm that the proposed development is
feasible from a geotechnical standpoint provided that the recommendations
presented in this report are followed in the design and construction ofthe project.
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 2
1.0 Project Description
It is proposed to renovate and construct new additions to the rear existing
building at the subject property, it is assumed that the proposed grading for the
development will include minor cut and fill procedures. Final building plans shall
be reviewed by this firm prior to submittal for city approval to determine the need
for any additional study and revised recommendations pertinent to the proposed
development, if necessary.
2.0 Site Description
The subject project is located within the 6000 block and north side of Encinas
Drive, southerly of Palomar Airport Road, in the City of Carlsbad. The
rectangular-shaped parcel is elongated in an east to west direction with
topography of the relatively level property descending gradually from front to rear
with a total relief of a few feet. The property currently contains three existing
structures, two of which will be converted to a service center and the front
building will remain as a paint and body center. The remainder of the site
contains asphaltic concrete driveway, grass areas and concrete drainage swales.
3.0 Site Exploration
The investigation consisted of the placement of four (4) subsurface exploratory
borings by a truckmounted hollowstem auger and hand auger to a depth of 3.5
and 50 feet below current ground elevations. The explorations were visually
classified and logged by a field engineer with locations of the subsurface
explorations shown on the attached Site Plan. The exploratory excavations
revealed the existing earth materials to consist of a disturbed top soil/fill and
natural soil. A detailed description of the subsurface conditions are listed on the
excavation logs in Appendix A.
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 3
Existing Pavement: A pavement section consist of four inches of asphaltic
concrete over 12 inches of base over 8 inches of rock was encountered in
Boring B-4. Seeping water was found at 8 inches and continued to seep
throughout the exploration.
Fill: A fill/disturbed soil classifying as a fine grained, silty SAND was
encountered across the site and ranged in depth from 1.5 to 9 feet. These
soils were noted to be medium dense and moist to very moist. The deeper
fill soils (9 feet) appear to be an isolated area and could be the result of a
previous tank backfill.
Natural: An undisturbed alluvium soil classifying as a silty sandy CLAY to
clayey SAND was encountered beneath the upper surface soils. These
native soils were observed to be firm to stiff to dense and moist to very
moist. A SANDSTONE bedrock was encountered in Boring B-1 at a depth
of 26 feet which was dense to very dense.
The overall engineering characteristics of the earth material were relatively
uniform with each excavation. No groundwater was encountered to the depth of
our exploratory excavations and no caving occurred in the deeper cohesionless
soils.
4.0 Laboratorv Tests
Relatively undisturbed samples of the subsurface soils were obtained to perform
laboratory testing and analysis for direct shear, consolidation tests, and to
determine in-place moisture/densities. These relatively undisturbed ring samples
were obtained by driving a thin-walled steel sampler lined with one inch long
brass rings with an inside diameter of 2.42 inches into the undisturbed soils.
Standard penetration tests were obtained by driving a steel sampler lined with
six-inch long brass rings with an inside diameter of 1.5 inches into the soils. This
standard penetrometer sampler was driven a total of eighteen inches with blow
counts tallied every six inches. Blow count data is given on the Boring Logs in
Appendix A.
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 4
Bulk bag samples were obtained in the upper soils for expansion index tests and
maximum density tests. Wall loadings on the order of 4,000 Ibs./lin.ft. and
maximum compression loads on the order of 100 kips were utilized for testing
and design purposes. All test results are included in Appendix B, unless
othenA/ise noted.
4.1 Field moisture content (ASTM:D 2216) and the dry density of the ring samples
were determined in the laboratory. This data is listed on the logs of explorations.
4.2 Maximum density tests (ASTM: D-1557-00) were performed on typical samples
of the upper soils. Results of these tests are shown on Table I.
4.3 Expansion index tests in accordance with the Uniform Building Code Standard
No. 18-2 were performed on remolded samples of the upper soils. Results of
these tests are provided on Table II.
4.4 Corrosion tests consisting of sulfate, pH, resistivity and chloride analysis to
determine potential corrosive effects of soils on concrete and underground
utilities were performed in the laboratory. Test results are provided on Table 111.
4.5 Direct shear tests (ASTM: D-3080) were performed on undisturbed and
disturbed samples of the subsurface soils. The test is performed under
saturated conditions at loads of 500 Ibs./sq.ft., 1,000 Ibs./sq.ft., and 2,000
Ibs./sq.ft. with results shown on Plate A.
4.6 Consolidation tests (ASTM: D-2435) were performed on undisturbed samples
to determine the differential and total settlement which may be anticipated based
upon the proposed loads. Water was added to the samples at a surcharge of
one KSF and the settlement curves are plotted on Plate B.
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 5
5.0 Seismicitv Evaluation
The northeast corner of the site is within the Alquist Priolo Special Studies Zone
and the potential for damage due to direct fault rupture should be considered.
The site is located in an area of high regional seismicity and a maximum credible
horizontal ground acceleration of 0.45g may occur from a Magnitude 6.9
earthquake along the Rose Canyon fault zone.
Ground shaking originating from earthquakes along other active faults in the
region is expected to induce lower horizontal accelerations due to smaller
anticipated earthquakes and/or greater distances to other faults. The following
earthquake design parameters are based upon the 1997 Uniform Building Code
(UBC) for a Seismic Zone 4 with a Z factor of 0.40 and a Soil Profile Type of SD,
a stiff soil profile.
1997 UBC Seismic Desiqn Parameters
Distance from Site (Rose Canyon Fault) 6 km
Seismic Source Type B
Seismic Coefficient = Ca (Table 16-Q) (0.44) Na
Seismic Coefficient = Cv (Table 16-R) (0.64) K
Near-Source Factor Na (Table 16-S) 1.0
Near-Source Factor N^ (Table 16-T) 1.16
Any building proposed within the Special Studies Zone will require to be
assessed by an Engineering Geologist to determine the presence of an active
fault and to designate and further define any building setback zone. The building
setback zone may not be utilized for structures for human occupancy.
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 6
6.0 Liquefaction Evaluation
The site is expected to experience ground shaking and earthquake activity that is
typical of Southern California area. It is during severe ground shaking that loose,
granular soils below the groundwater table can liquefy. A review of the
exploratory boring log and the laboratory test results on selected soil samples
obtained indicate the following soil classifications, field blowcounts and amounts
of fines passing through the No. 200 sieve.
Field Blowcount and Gradation Data
Blowcounts Relative % Passing
Location Classification (blows/ft) Densitv No. 200 Sieve
B-1 @5' CL 4 Firm 62
B-1 @ 10' CL 11 Firm 49
B-1 @ 15' CL 12 Firm 53
B-1 @ 20' SM 28 Dense 14
B-1 @ 25' SM 31 Dense 46
B-1 @ 30' SP >50 Very Dense 29
B-1 @ 35' SP >50 Very Dense 21
B-1 @ 40' SM >50 Very Dense 17
B-1 @ 45' SM 11 Very Dense 19
B-1 @ 50' SM 4 Very Dense 20
• No groundwater encountered to a depth of 50 feet.
Our analysis indicates the potential for liquefaction at this site is considered to be
low, due to the very dense granular soils and bedrock. Seismic-induced
settlements would be less than one inch and should occur rather uniformly
across the site. Differential settiements from a nearby magnitude 6.9 earthquake
would be one-half inch over a 100 feet (horizontal) distance in the building pad
area. Thus, the design of the proposed construction in conformance with the
latest Building Code provisions for earthquake design is expected to provide
mitigation of ground shaking hazards that are typical to Southern California.
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 7
7.0 Conclusions and Recommendations
Based upon our evaluations, the proposed development is acceptable from a
geotechnical engineering standpoint. By following the recommendations and
guidelines set forth in our report, the structures will be safe from excessive
settlements under the anticipated design loadings and conditions. The proposed
development shall meet all requirements of the City Building Ordinance and will
not impose any adverse effect on existing adjacent structures.
The following recommendations are based upon geotechnical conditions
encountered in our field investigation and laboratory data. Therefore, these
surface and subsurface conditions could vary across the site. Variations in these
conditions may not become evident until the commencement of grading
operations and any unusual conditions which may be encountered in the course
of the project development may require the need for additional study and revised
recommendations.
It is recommended that site inspections be performed by a representative of this
firm during all grading and construction of the development to verify the findings
and recommendations documented in this report. The following sections present
a discussion of geotechnical related requirements for specific design
recommendations of different aspects of the project.
7.1 Site Gradinq Recommendations
Any vegetation shall be removed and hauled from proposed grading areas prior
to the start of grading operations. Existing vegetation shall not be mixed or
disced into the soils. Any removed soils may be reutilized as compacted fill once
any deleterious material or oversized materials (in excess of eight inches) is
removed. Grading operations shali be performed in accordance with the
attached "Specifications for Placement of Compacted Fill'.
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 8
7.1.1 Removal and Recompaction Recommendations
All upper fill/disturbed soils (about 1.5 to 9 feet) shall be removed to competent
native material, the exposed surface scarified to a depth of six inches, brought to
within 2% of optimum moisture content and compacted to a minimum of 90% of
the laboratory standard (ASTM: D-1557-00) prior to placement of any additional
compacted fill soils, foundations, slabs-on-grade and pavement. Grading shall
extend a minimum of five horizontal feet outside the edges of foundations or
equidistant to the depth of fill placed, whichever is greater. Aeration of the soils
with high moisture contents will be necessary and based upon the water noted
on Boring B-4 and the 8 inch rock layer it will probably be necessary to stabilize
some ofthe areas prior to the placement of any fill soils.
It is possible that isolated areas of undiscovered fill, not described in this report
are present on site. If found, these areas should be treated as discussed earlier.
A diligent search shall also be conducted during grading operations in an effort to
uncover any underground structures, irrigation or utility lines. If encountered,
these structures and lines shall be either removed or properly abandoned prior to
the proposed construction.
Any imported fill material should be preferably soil similar to the upper soils
encountered at the subject site. All soils shall be approved by this firm prior to
importing at the site and will be subjected to additional laboratory testing to
assure concurrence with the recommendations stated in this report.
Care should be taken to provide or maintain adequate lateral support for all
adjacent improvements and structures at all times during the grading operations
and construction phase. Adequate drainage away from the structures, pavement
and slopes should be provided at all times.
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 9
If placement of slabs-on-grade and pavement is not completed immediately upon
completion of grading operations, additional testing and grading ofthe areas may
be necessary prior to continuation of construction operations. Ukewise, if
adverse weather conditions occur which may damage the subgrade soils,
additional assessment by the geotechnical engineer as to the suitability of the
supporting soils may be needed.
7.1.2 Fill Blani<et Recommendations
Due to the potential for differential settiement of foundations placed on
compacted fill and the medium dense native materials, it is recommended that all
foundations be underlain by a uniform compacted fill blanket at least two feet in
thickness. This fill blanket shall extend a minimum of five horizontal feet outside
the edges of foundations or equidistant to the depth of fill placed, whichever is
greater.
7.2 Shrinl<aqe and Subsidence
Results of our in-place density tests reveal that the soil shrinkage will be on the
order of 8 to 18% due to excavation and recompaction, based upon the
assumption that the fill is compacted to 92% of the maximum dry density per
ASTM standards. Subsidence should be 0.2 feet due to earthwork operations.
The volume change does not include any allowance for vegetation or organic
stripping, removal of subsurface improvements or topographic approximations.
Although these values are only approximate, they represent our best estimate of
lost yardage, which will likely occur during grading. If more accurate shrinkage
and subsidence factors are needed, it is recommended that field testing using
the actual equipment and grading techniques should be conducted.
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 10
7.3 Temporarv Excavations
Temporary unsurcharged excavations in the existing site materials less than 4
feet high may be made at a vertical gradient unless cohesionless soils are
encountered. Temporary unsurcharged excavations from 4 to 6 feet high may
be trimmed at a 1 to 1 (horizontal to vertical) gradient. In areas where soils with
littie or no binder are encountered, where adverse geological conditions are
exposed, or where excavations are adjacent to existing structures, shoring, slot-
cutting, or flatter excavations may be required.
The temporary cut slope gradients given do not preclude local raveling and
sloughing. All excavations shall be made in accordance with the requirements of
CAL-OSHA and other public agencies having jurisdiction. Care should be taken
to provide or maintain adequate lateral support for all adjacent improvements
and structures at all times during the grading operations and construction phase.
7.4 Foundation Desiqn
All new foundations may be designed utilizing the following an allowable soil
bearing capacities for an embedded depth of 24 inches into approved fill
materials with the corresponding widths:
Allowable Soil Bearing Capacitv (psf)
Continuous Isolated
Width (ft) Foundation Foundation
1 5 1800 2300
2.0 1850 2350
4 0 2050 2550
6 0 2250 2700
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 11
The bearing value may be increased by 500 psf for each additional foot of depth
in excess of the 18-inch minimum depth, up to a maximum of 4,000 psf. A one
third increase may be used when considering short term loading and seismic
forces. Any foundations located along the property lines or where lateral
overexcavation is not possible may utilize a safe bearing capacity of 1,250 psf.
A representative of this firm shall inspect all foundation excavations prior to
pouring concrete. All foundations shall be reinforced with a minimum of one No.
4 bar, top and boti:om.
7.5 Settiement Analysis
Resultant pressure curves for the consolidation tests are shown on Plate B.
Computations utilizing these curves and the recommended safe bearing
capacities reveal that the foundations will experience settlements on the order of
3/4 inch and differential settiements of less than 1/4 inch.
7.6 Lateral Resistance
The following values may be utilized in resisting lateral loads imposed on the
structure. Requirements of the Uniform Building Code should be adhered to
when the coefficient of friction and passive pressures are combined.
Coefficient of Friction - 0.35
Equivalent Passive Fluid Pressure = 200 Ibs./cu.ft.
Maximum Passive Pressure = 2,000 Ibs./cu.ft.
The passive pressure recommendations are valid only for approved compacted
fill soils.
7.7 Retaininq Wall Desiqn Parameters
Active earth pressures against retaining wall will be equal to the pressures
developed by the following fluid densities. These values are for granular
baclcfill material placed behind the walls at various ground slopes above the
walls.
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 12
Surface Slope of Retained Materials Equivalent Fluid
(Horizontal to Vertical) Densitv (Ib./cu.ft.)
Level 30
5 to 1 35
4 to 1 38
3 to 1 40
2 to 1 45
Any applicable short-term construction surcharges and seismic forces should be
added to the above lateral pressure values. A backfill zone of non-expansive
material shall consist of a wedge beginning a minimum of one horizontal foot
from the base ofthe wall extending upward at an inclination no less than 1/4 to 1
(horizontal to vertical). All walls shall be waterproofed as needed and protected
from hydrostatic pressure by a reliable permanent subdrain system.
7.8 Slab Desiqn
All new concrete slabs-on-grade shall be at least five inches in thickness in office
areas and six inches in warehouse, and placed on approved subgrade soils
compacted to 95% in the upper one foot. Reinforcement requirements and an
increase in thickness of the slabs-on-grade may be necessary based upon
proposed loading conditions in the structures. A vapor barrier sandwiched
between by a four-inch thick sand layer should be utilized in areas, which would
be sensitive to the infiltration of moisture. All concrete slab areas to receive floor
coverings should be moisture tested to meet all manufacturer requirements prior
to placement. The upper 18 inches shall be saturated to 3% over optimum
moisture content to a depth of 18 inches priorto pouring concrete.
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 13
7.9 Pavement Section Desiqn
The table below provides a preliminary pavement design based upon an
estimated R-Value of 25 for the proposed pavement areas. Final pavement
design may need to be based on R-Value testing of the subgrade soils near the
conclusion of rough grading to assure that these soils are consistent with those
assumed in this preliminary design.
Tvoe of Traffic
Traffic
Index
Asphaltic
Concrete (in)
Base
Material (in)
Parking Stalls 4.0 3.0 4.0
Light Vehicle Circulation Areas 5.0 3.0 6.5
Medium Truck Access Areas
(GVW < 42,000 lbs.; 3 axle)
6.0 3.5 9.0
Heavy Truck Access Areas
(GVW < 90,000 lbs.; 5 axle)
7.0 4.0 12.0
All concrete slabs to be utilized for pavement shall be a minimum of six inches in
thickness and placed on approved subgrade soils. In addition, the above
recommendations are based upon estimated traffic loads. Client should submit
anticipated traffic loadings, when available, so that pavement sections may be
reviewed to determine adequacy to support these loads.
Any approved base material shall consist of a Class II aggregate or equivalent
and should be compacted to a minimum of 95% relative compaction. All
pavement materials shall conform to the requirements set forth by the City of
Carlsbad. The base material and asphaltic concrete should be tested prior to
delivery to the site and during placement to determine conformance with the
project specifications. A pavement engineer shall designate the specific asphalt
mix design to meet the required project specifications.
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 14
7.10 Utilitv Trench and Excavation Bactcfill
Trenches from installation of utility lines and other excavations may be backfilled
with on-site soils or approved imported soils compacted to a minimum of 90%
relative compaction. All utility lines shall be properly bedded with clean sand
having a sand equivalency rating of 30 (SE > 30) or more. This bedding material
shall be thoroughly water jeti:ed around the pipe structure prior to placement of
compacted backfill soils.
7.11 Corrosion Desiqn Criteria
Representative samples of the surficial soils, typical of the subgrade soils
expected to be encountered within foundation excavations and underground
utilities were tested for corrosion potential. Representative samples of the
surilcial soils, typical of the subgrade soils expected to be encountered within
foundation excavations and underground utilities were tested for corrosion
potential. The minimum resistivity value obtained for the samples tested is
representative of an environment that may be severely corrosive to metals. The
soil pH value was considered mildly acidic and may not have a significant effect
on soil corrosivity. Consideration should be given to corrosion protection
systems for buried metal such as protective coatings, wrappings or the use of
PVC where permitted by local building codes.
According to the latest 'Uniform Building Code (UBC) Table 19A-A-4 -
Requirements for Concrete Exposed to Sulfate-Containing Solutions', these
contents revealed negligible levels of sulfate exposure. Therefore, a Type II
cement according to latest UBC specifications may be utilized for building
foundations at this time. Additional sulfate tests shall be performed at the
completion of site grading to assure that these soils are consistent with the
recommendations stated in this design. Sulfate test results may be found on the
attached Table 111.
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 15
8.0 Closure
The recommendations and conclusions contained in this report are based upon
the soil conditions uncovered in our test excavations. No warranty of the soil
condition between our excavations is implied. NorCal Engineering should be
notified for possible further recommendations if unexpected to unfavorable
conditions are encountered during construction phase. It is the responsibility of
the owner to ensure that all information within this report is submitted to the
Architect and appropriate Engineers for the project. This firm should have the
opportunity to review the final plans to verify that all our recommendations are
incorporated. This report and all conclusions are subject to the review of the
controlling authorities for the project.
A preconstruction conference should be held between the developer, general
contractor, grading contractor, city inspector, architect, and soil engineer to
clarify any questions relating to the grading operations and subsequent
construction. Our representative should be present during the grading
operations and construction phase to certify that such recommendations are
complied within the field.
This geotechnical investigation has been conducted in a manner consistent with
the level of care and skill exercised by members of our profession currently
practicing under similar conditions in the Southern California area. No other
warranty, expressed or implied is made.
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005
Page 16
Project Number 12040-05
We appreciate this opportunity to be of service to you. If you have any further
questions, please do not hesitate to contact the undersigned.
Respectfully submitted,
NORCAL ENGINEERING
Keith D. Tucker
Project Engineer
R.G.E. 841
Troy D. Norrell
President
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 17
SPECIFICATIONS FOR PLACEIVIENT OF COMPACTED FILL
Excavation
Any existing low-density soils and/or saturated soils shall be removed to
competent natural soil under the inspection of the Soils Engineering Firm. After
the exposed surface has been cleansed of debris and/or vegetation, it shall be
scarified until it is uniform in consistency, brought to the proper moisture content
and compacted to a minimum of 90% relative compaction (in accordance with
ASTM: D-1557). In any area where a transition between fill and native soil or
between bedrock and soil are encountered or other areas as required in this
report, additional excavation beneath foundations and slabs will be necessary in
order to provide uniform support and avoid difi'erential settlement of the
structure. Verification of elevations during this work and all grading operations
will be the responsibility of the owner or his designated representative and not
NorCal Engineering.
Materia! For Fill
The on-site soils or approved import soils may be utilized for the compacted fill
provided they are free of any deleterious materials and shall not contain any
rocks, brick, asphaltic concrete, concrete or other hard materials greater than
eight inches in maximum dimensions. Any import soil must be approved by the
Soils Engineering firm a minimum of 24 hours priorto importation of site.
Placement of Compacted Fill Soils
The approved fill soils shall be placed in layers not excess of six inches in
thickness. Each lift shall be uniform in thickness and thoroughly blended. The
fill soils shall be brought to within 2% of the optimum moisture content, unless
otherwise specified by the Soils Engineering firm. Each lift shall be compacted
to a minimum of 90% relative compaction (in accordance with ASTM: D-1557)
and approved prior to the placement of the next layer of soil. Compaction tests
shall be obtained at the discretion ofthe Soils Engineering firm but to a minimum
of one test for every 500 cubic yards placed and/or for every 2 feet of compacted
fill placed.
The minimum relative compaction shall be obtained in accordance with accepted
methods in the construction industry. The final grade of the structural areas shall
be in a dense and smooth condition prior to placement of slabs-on-grade or
pavement areas. No fill soils shall be placed, spread or compacted during
unfavorable weather conditions. When the grading is interrupted by heavy rains,
compaction operations shall not be resumed until approved by the Soils
Engineering firm.
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 18
Grading Observations
The controlling governmental agencies should be notified prior to
commencement of any grading operations. This firm recommends that the
grading operations be conducted under the observation of a Soils Engineering
firm as deemed necessary. A 24 hour notice must be provided to this firm prior
to the time of our initial inspection.
Observation shall include the clearing and grubbing operations to assure that all
unsuitable materials have been properly removed; approve the exposed
subgrade in areas to receive fill and in areas where excavation has resulted in
the desired finished grade and designate areas of overexcavation; and perform
field compaction tests to determine relative compaction achieved during fill
placement. In addition, all foundation excavations shall be observed by the Soils
Engineering firm to confirm that appropriate bearing materials are present at the
design grades and recommend any modifications to construct footings.
NorCal Engineering
INTERSTATE 15
AVENIDA ENCIN^_
T'=100'
NorCal Engineering
SOILS AND GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANTS LOCATION OF FIELD EXPLORATIONS
TOYOTA CAFILSBAD
LOCATION OF FIELD EXPLORATIONS
PROJECT 12040-05 I DATE APRIL 2005
LOCATION OF FIELD EXPLORATIONS
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 19
List of Appendices
(in order of appearance)
Appendix A - Loq of Excavations
• Log of Borings B-1 to B-4
• Appendix B - Laboratorv Tests
• Table I - Maximum Dry Density
• Table II - Expansion
• Table III - Corrosion
• Plate A - Direct Shear
• Plate B - Consolidation
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 20
Appendix A
NorCal Engineering
MAJOR DIVISION GRAPHIC
.tSYMRni
LETTER
.<?YMRni
TYPICAL DESCRIPTIONS
COARSE
GRAINED
SOILS
MORE THAN
50% OF
MATERIAL
IS LARGER
THAN NO.
200 SIEVE
SIZE
GRAVEL
AND
GRAVELLY
SOILS
MORE THAN
50% OF
COARSE
FRACTION
RETAINED ON
NO. 4 SIEVE
SAND
AND
SANDY
SOILS
MORE THAN
50% OF
COARSE
FRACTION
PASSING ON
NO. 4 SIEVE
CLEAN GRAVELS
(LITTLE OR NO
FINES)
GW WELL-GRADED GRAVELS, GRAVEL.
SAND MIXTURES, LITTLE OR NO FINES
I "^Bv^
GP POORLY-GRADED GRAVELS,
GRAVEL-SAND MIXTURES, LITTLE
OR NO FINES
GRAVELS
WITH FINES
(APPRECIABLE
AMOUNT OF
FINEST
GM SILTY GRAVELS, GRAVEL-SAND-
SILT MIXTURES
GC CLAYEY GRAVELS, GRAVEL-SAND-
CLAY MIXTURES
CLEAN SAND
(LITTLE OR NO
FINES)
SW WELL-GRADED SANDS, GRAVELLY
SANDS, LITTLE OR NO FINES
SP
POORLY-GRADED SANDS, GRAVEL-
LY SANDS, LITTLE OR NO FINES
SANDS WITH
FINE
(APPRECIABLE
AMOUNT OF
FINES)
SM SILTY SANDS, SAND-SILT
MIXTURES
SC CLAYEY SANDS, SAND-CLAY
MIXTURES
FINE
GRAINED
SOILS
MORE THAN
50% OF
MATERIAL
IS SMALLER
THAN NO.
200 SIEVE
SIZE
ML
INORGANIC SILTS AND VERY FINE
SANDS, ROCK FLOUR, SILTY OR
CLAYEY FINE SANDS OR CLAYEY
SILTS WITH SLIGHT PLASTICITY
SILTS
AND
CLAYS
LIQUID LIMIT
I F.C;R THAN F.n
CL
INORGANIC CLAYS OF LOW TO
MEDIUM PLASTICITY, GRAVELLY
CLAYS, SANDY CLAYS, SILTY
CLAYS. LEAN CLAYS
OL ORGANIC SILTS AND ORGANIC
SILTY CLAYS OF LOW PLASTICITY
SILTS
AND
CLAYS
LIQUID LIMIT
GREATER THAN
50
MH INORGANIC SILTS, MICACEOUS OR
DIATOMACEOUS FINE SAND OR
SILTY SOILS
CH INORGANIC CLAYS OF HIGH
PLASTICITY. FAT CLAYS
OH ORGANIC CLAYS OF MEDIUM TO
HIGH PLASTICITY, ORGANIC SILTS
HIGHLY ORGANIC SOILS PT
PEAT, HUMUS, SWAMP SOILS WITH
HIGH ORGANIC CONTENTS
NOTE: DUAL SYMBOLS ARE USED TO INDICATE BORDERLINE SOIL CLASSIFICATIONS
UNIFIED SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEIVI
NorCal Engineering
KEY:
m
c
[J
Indicates 2.5-inch Inside Diameter. Ring Sample.
Indicates 2-inch OD Split Spoon Sample (SPT).
Indicates Shelby Tube Sample.
Indicates No Recovery.
Indicates SPT with 140# Hammer 30 in. Drop.
Indicates Bulk Sample.
Indicates Small Bag Sample.
Indicates Non-Standard
Indicates Core Run. COMPONENT PROPORTIONS
COMPONENT DEFINITIONS
COMPONENT SIZE RANGE
Boulders
Cobbles
Gravel
Coarse gravel
Fine gravel
Sand
Coarse sand
Medium sand
Fine sand
Silt and Clay
Larger than 12 in
3 in to 12 in
3 in to No 4 (4.5mm )
3 in to 3/4 in
3/4 in to No 4 (4.5mm )
No. 4 ( 4.5mm ) to No. 200 ( 0.074mm )
No. 4 ( 4.5 mm ) to No. 10 ( 2.0 mm )
No. 10 ( 2.0 mm ) to No. 40 ( 0.42 mm )
No. 40 ( 0.42 mm ) to No. 200 ( 0.074 mm )
Smaller than No. 200 ( 0.074 mm )
DESCRIPTIVE TERMS RANGE OF PROPORTION
Trace 1 - 5%
Few 5 -10%
Little 10-20%
Some 20 - 35%
And 35 - 50%
MOISTURE CONTENT
DRY Absence of moisture; dusty, DRY dry to the touch.
DAMP Some perceptible DAMP moisiure; below optimum
MOIST No visible water; near optimum MOIST moisture content
WET Visible free water, usually WET soil is below water table.
RELATIVE DENSITY OR CONSISTENCY VERSUS SPT N -VALUE
COHESIONLESS SOILS COHESIVE SOILS
Density N (blows/ft) Consistency N (blows/ft) Approximate
Undrained Shear
Strength (psf)
Very Loose
Loose
Medium Dense
Dense
Very Dense
Oto 4
4 to 10
10 to 30
30 to 50
over 50
Very Soft
Soft
Medium Stiff
Stiff
Very Stiff
Hard
Oto 2
2 to 4
4 to 8
8 to 15
15 to 30
over 30
<250
250 - 500
500 - 1000
1000 - 2000
2000 - 4000
>4000
NorCal Engineering
Project Toyota Carlsbad/Carlsbad
Dateof Drilling: 3/19/05 Groundwater Depth: 26"
Drilling IVIethod: Hollowstem Auger 1
Hammer Weight: 140 Ibs. Drop:30"
Log of Boring B-1
Samples" Depth
(feet) Geotechnical Description
Surface Elevation Not Measured
Lith-ology 1 = m 8
1?
S
Laboratoty
10
15
20
-25
-30
-35
FILL SOILS
Sandy CLAY
Grey to brown, firm, very moist
1/2/2
23.7
21.4
NATURAL SOILS
Silty sandy CLAY
Grey-brown, firm, very moist
Change to brown @ 14'
Silty fine to medium grained SAND
Brown, dense, moist
Increase in moisture content with depth
Gravel and rock @ 25'
SANDSTONE with SILTSTONE lenses
Light brown, very dense, damp
Extremely dense @ 34'
2/5/6 16.9
3/6/6 18.9
6/14/14 10.9
7/15/16 12.9
31/50-3" 13.0
NorCal Engineering
Project No.
12040-05
Project Toyota Carlsbad/Carlsbad
Date of Drilling: 3/19/05 Groundwater Depth: 26'
Drilling Method: Hollowstem Auger
Hammer Weight: 140 Ibs. Drop: 30"
Samoles Laboratorv
Log of Boring B-1
Depth
(feet)
35
Geotectinical Description
Surface Elevation Not Measured
Lith-ology u
Q. 1 =
m 8 Q
•40
•45
•50
•55
•60
-65
•70
SANDSTONE Bedrock
Light brown, entremely dense, damp
Boring completed at depth of 50'
66-6" 11.6
:J0/>60-3 11.4
63-6" 12.7
74-6" 12.2
NorCal Engineering
Project No.
12040-05
Project Toyota Carlsbad/Carlsbad
Date of Drilling: 3/19/05 Groundwater Depth: None Encountered
Drilling Method: Hand Auger
Hammer Weight: Drop:
Log of Boring B-2
Samples Laboratory Depth
(feet) Geotechnical Description
Surface Elevation
Lith-ology
0)
a
l/l
CQ 5?
3_
S o
in
-10
15
20
•25
-30
-35
FILL SOILS
Clayey SAND with minor debris
Brown, medium dense, very moist
NATURAL SOiLS
Clayey SAND
Brown, dense, moist to slightly high moisture content
.^Increase in density with depth
Slightly silty fine to medium grained SAND
. Brown, dense, moist
Silty sandy CLAY
\Brown, stiff to very stiff, moist to slightly high moisture content
Boring completed at depth of 8'
0
0
16.1
15.9
15.3
25.0
112.8
112.4
110.1
NorCal Engineering Project No.
12040-05
Project Toyota Carlsbad/Carlsbad
Date of Drilling: 3/19/05 Groundwater Depth: None Encountered
Drilling Method: Hand Auger
Hammer Weight: Drop:
Log of Boring B-3
Depth
(feet) Geotechnical Description
0 Surface Elevation
Lith-ology
Samples
o a. 1 =
O 3 ffl
Laboratory
Q gs
in
-10
- 15
-20
25
30
35
FILL SOILS
Clayey SAND to slightly silty fine to medium grained SAND
\ Medium dense, very moist to moist at one foot
NATURAL SOILS
Clayey SAND
\Brown, dense, moist
Boring completed at depth of 3.5' due to very dense soils
16.7 114.2
NorCal Engineering Project No.
12040-05
Project Toyota Carlsbad/Carlsbad
Date of Drilling: 3/19/05 Groundwater Depth: None Encountered
Drilling Method: Hand Auger i
Hammer Weight: Drop: i
Samoles Laboratorv
Log of Boring B-4
Depth
(feet) Geotechnical Description
Surface Elevation
Lith-ology ° 3
O
3.-.
(Oo^
S_
tjo'C D gs
Q
in
10
-15
-20
25
30
-35
4" Asphaltic Concrete/Base
Dense, very moist
Seeping water @ 8"
Rock layer @ 16"
NATURAL SOILS
Silty sandy CLAY
Brown, stiff, moist to slightly high in moisture content
Grey-brown @ 9'
Slightly silty fine to medium grained SAND
Brown, dense, damp
Boring completed at depth of 20'
20.1
21.6
104.6
105.2
9/15 23.7 103.5
14/15 4.9 109.7
NorCal Engineering
Project No.
12040-05
April 4, 2005 Project Number 12040-05
Page 21
Appendix B
NorCal Engineering
April 4, 2005
Page 22
Project Number 12040-05
TABLE I
MAXIMUM DENSITY TESTS
(ASTM: D-1557-00)
Optimum Maximum Dry
Sample Classification Moisture Densitv (Ibs./cu.ft.)
B1 @ 0-4' clayey SAND 13.0 121.0
B1 (g8' slightly siity SAND 10.5 123.5
B4 @ 3-6' silty sandy CLAY 14.0 115.0
Sample
81 @ 0-4'
Bl @ 8'
B4 @ 3-6'
TABLE II
EXPANSION INDEX TESTS
(U.B.C. STD. 18-2)
Classification
clayey SAND
slightly silty SAND
silty sandy CLAY
Expansion
Index
29
01
63
Sample pH
Composite 0-3' 6.3
TABLE III
CORROSION TESTS
Electrical Resistivitv (ohm-cm)
650
Sulfate (%) Chloride (ppm)
0.032 375
ND denotes not detected
% by weight
ppm - mg/kg
NorCal Engineering
2500
2000
00
o.
00
00
ee
00
1500-
ae
2
= 1000
500 rT-" ^
500 1000 1500 ZOOO
NORMAL STRESS (PSF)
2500 3000
(R)
SYMBOL BORING
NUHBER
DEPTH
(FEET) (DEGREES)
C
(PSF)
DRY
DENSITY
(PCF)
MOISTURE
CONTENT
(X)
X 1 3.0 29 200 112.8 15.9
O 2 3.5 23 375 104.6 15.3
A 4 3-6 27 400 105.9 14.1
•
NOTE: TESTS PERFORMED ON SATURATED SAMPLES UNLESS SHOWN BELOW.
(FM) FIELD MOISTURE
TESTS PERFORMED ON UNDISTURBED SAMPLES UNLESS SHOWN BELOW.
(R) SAMPLES REMOLDED AT 90% OF MAXIMUM DRY DENSITY
NorCal Engmeering
SOILS AND GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANTS DIRECT SHEAR TEST RESULTS
Plate A
DIRECT SHEAR TEST RESULTS
Plate A
PROJECT 12040-05 DATE
DIRECT SHEAR TEST RESULTS
Plate A
llll n \—
NOTE: HATER ADDED AT NORMAL
PRESSURE AT 1.0 KSF
00 4 00 UJ ce a. z:
<3
(_>
0
-PO-\
10
0.1 0.5 1.0 5
NORMAL PRESSURE (KSF)
10 20 40
SYMBOL BORING
NUMBER
DEPTH
(FEET)
DRY
DENSITY
(PCF)
MOISTURE
CONTENT
{%)
LIQUID
LIMIT
(«)
PLASTICITY
INDEX
X 2 5 112.4 15.3
O 2 8 110.1 20.0
A 4 10 103.5 23.7
• 4 15 109.7 4.9
C(»1PRESSI0N
REBOUND
(FM) FIELD MOISTURE - NO WATER ADDED
(R) SAMPLE REMOLDED AT 90X OF MAXIHUM DRY DENSITY
NorCal Engineering
SOILS AND GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANTS
PROJECT 12040-05 I DATE
CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS
Plate B
Excavation
Embankment
Export
EARTHWORK CALCULATIONS
AVENIDA ENCINAS ROAD WIDENING
CUP 05-09/CDP 05-19/SDP 91-12A
PUBLIC IMPROVEMENTS - DWG 441-6
W.O. 591-0804-605 DATE 07-28-06
750 CY
20 CY
730 CY
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