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Home My WebLink AboutCT 04-26; ROBERTSON RANCH EAST VILLAGE 16 17 18; STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN; 2008-01-01t5f~J.. t' ~ (j J _ .. ~ STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN \ 011014-SWMP 3rd submit-doc For ROBERTSON RANCH PA 16,17 & 18 C.T.04-26 Prepared: March 22, 2007 Revised: December, 2007 Revised: January, 2008 IN 01-1014/18 Prepared By: O'DAY CONSULTANTS 2710 Loker Avenue West, Suite 100 Carlsbad, CA 92008 RECEIVED JAN 28 2008 ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C~ ,', -• t";, • . ',' -, l' ·: x. • '-..., SCANNED STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc For ROBERTSON RANCH PA 16, 17 & 18 C.T.04-26 Prepared: March 22, 2007 Revised: December, 2007 Revised: January, 2008 IN 01-1014/18 Prepared By: O'DAY CONSULTANTS 2710 Loker Avenue West, Suite 100 Carlsbad, CA 92008 • • •• Exp. 12/31/08 TABLE OF CONTENTS 0.0 REGULATORY BACKGROUND ..................................................... 1 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................. 1 1.1 Hydrologic Unit Contribution ........................................................ 2 1.2 Beneficial Uses ............................................ ; ................................. 2 2.0 CHARACTERIZATION OF PROJECT RUNOFF ............................ 3 2.1 Soil Characteristics ........................................................................ 3 2.2 Potential Discharges ....................................................................... 3 3.0 MITIGATION MEASURES TO PROTECT WATER QUALITY ... .4 3.1 Site Design BMPs .......................................................................... 4 3.2 Source Control BMPs .................................................................... 6 3.3 Individual Priority Project Categories ......................................... 10 3.4 Treatment Control BMPs ...................... · ....................................... 10 3.5 Construction BMPs ...................................................................... 12 4.0 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM ........................ 13 Attachments: 1. Vicinity map 2. Beneficial uses for the hydrologic unit 3. 303(D) list for impaired water bodies 4. Table 2: Anticipated and potential pollutants Storm Water Requirements Applicability Checklist 5. Table1: Storm Water BMP Requirements Matrix 6. Exhibits: Proposed Condition Hydrology Exhibit Storm Water Management Plan Exhibit 7. Site Design BMPs 8. Source Control BMPs 9. Treatment Control BMPs 10. Operation and Maintenance of BMPs 11. Inlet Filter Standard Specifications 12. Curb Inlet Filter Sizing Calculations 01 to14-SWMP 3rd submit.doc • • • 0.0 REGULATORY BACKGROUND This Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP) has been prepared in accordance with Order No. 2001-01 of the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) San Diego RegiQn 9, the City of Carlsbad Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) requirements, the City of Carlsbad Engineering Standards, and the San Diego County Drainage Design Manual, 2005. The purposes of this SWMP and the separate Hydrology Study are to identify potential pollutant sources and risks to storm water quality and hydrologic conditions of concern due to the proposed PA 16, 17, and 18 residential developments (the project). This Preliminary SWMP provides guidelines in developing and incorporating Best Management Practices (BMPs), designed to protect storm water quality and mitigate potential adverse impacts to storm water runoff. The proposed construction activities will disturb greater than one acre of land, therefore the project is subject to the General Construction National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the owner/contractor filed a Notice of Intent (NOl) with the RWQCB and developed and implemented a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) to address construction activities prior to breaking ground. This project is designated as a High Priority construction site under the City of Carlsbad Jurisdictional Urban Runoff Management Program (JURMP). , . This Preliminary SWMP addresses anticipated and potential impacts due to the land development activities associated with the PA 16, 17, and 18 proposed residential developments in the City of Carlsbad, California and establishes permanent BMPs designed to mitigate impacts to receiving water bodies and downstream sensitive receptors. . 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Robertson Ranch is a proposed project by McMillin Land Development Located in the City of Carlsbad (See Vicinity Map, Attachment 1). The site consists of parcell of adjustment plat no. 01-13 filed in the Office of the County Recorder as file No.2001-0865064 on Nov. 12, 2001, and the remainder parcel of parcel map No. 19804 recorded August 3, 2005 as file no. 2005- 0659805. The easterly portion of Robertson Ranch is named the East Village, and is immediately north of the Rancho Carlsbad Mobile Home Park (RCMHP) and west of College Boulevard. Cannon Road is aligned in an east-west direction near the southerly boundary of the East Village. P A 16, 17 & 18 is a part of the East Village that consists of single-family residential units and open public lots . 1 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc • 1.1 Hydrologic Unit Contribution •• \ • The project is located in the Los Monos Hydrologic Subarea (HSA) (904.31) of the Agua Hedionda Watershed in the Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit (HU) in the San Diego Region. Tables· showing beneficial uses from the San Diego Water Quality Control Plan are included in Attachment 2. Under existing conditions, storm runoff from the East Village flows in a southerly direction to Calavera Creek, which is located along the boundary of the East Village and RCMHP. Under proposed conditions, storm runoff is collected into two major storm drain systems. Storm water runoff will travel through these systems and will be released into the 84" pipe located within Cannon Road. This pipe travels southwest along Cannon Road. Low flows from the 84-inch diameter pipe will discharge to the proposed vegetated swale located at PA 20. 1.2 Beneficial Uses The beneficial uses for the HU are included in Attachment 2. Aqua Hedionda Creek has existing beneficial use for Municipal and Domestic, Agricultural, Industrial Service Supply, Contact and Non-contact Recreation, Warm Fresh Water Habitat, and Wildlife Habitat. The Aqua Hedionda Lagoon has existing beneficial use for Industrial Service Supply, Contact and Non-contact Recreation, Commercial and Sport Fishing, Estuarine Habitat, Wildlife Ha1Jitat, Rare, Threatened or Endangered Species, Marine Habitat, Aquaculture, Migration of Aquatic Organisms and Shellfish Harvesting. The applicable definitions are given below.· This information comes from the Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin . MUN -Municipal and Domestic Supply: Includes uses for community, military, or individual water supply systems including, but not limited to, drinking water supply. . AGR -Agricultural Supply: Includes uses of water for farming, horticulture, or ranching including, but not limited to, irrigation, stock watering, or support of vegetation for range grazing. IND -Industrial Service Supply: Includes uses of water for industrial activities that do not depend primarily on water quality including, but not limited to, mining, cooling water supply, hydraulic conveyance, gravel washing, fire protection, or oil-well repressurization. REC ~ -Contact Recreation: Includes uses of water for recreational activities involving body contact with water, where ingestion of water is reasonably possible. These u,ses include; but are not limited to, swimming, wading, water-skiing, skin and SCUBA diving, surfing, white water activities, fishing, or use of natural hot springs. . REC 2 -Non-Contact Recreation: Includes the uses of water for recreational activities involving proximity to water, but not normally involving body contact with water, where ingestion of water is reasonably possible. These include, but are not limited to, picnicking, sunbathing, hiking, camping, boating, tide pool and marine life study, hunting, sightseeing, or aesthetic enjoyment in conjunction with the above activities. COMM -Commercial and Sport Fishing: Includes the uses of water for commercial or recreational collection of fish, shellfish, or other organisms including, but not limited to, uses involving organisms intended for human consumption or bait purposes. WARM -Warm Freshwater Habitat: Includes uses of water that support warm water ecosystems including, but not limited to, preservation or enhancement of aquatic habitats, vegetation, fish, or wildlife, including invertebrates. 2 Ol1014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc • • EST -Estuarine Habitat: Includes the uses of water that support estuarine ecosystems including, but not limited to, preservation or enhancement of estuarine habitats, vegetation, fish, or wildlife (e.g., estuarine mammals, waterfowl, shorebirds). MAR -Marine Habitat: Includes uses of water that support marine ecosystems including, but not limited to, preservation or enhancement or marine habitats, vegetation such as kelp, fish, shellfish, or wildlife (e.g., marine mammals, shorebirds). WILD -Wildlife Habitat: Includes uses of water that support terrestrial ecosystems including but not limited to, preservation and enhancement of terrestrial habitats, vegetation, wildlife, (e.g., mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates), or wildlife water food and sources. RARE -Rare, Threatened, or Endangered Species: Includes uses of water that support habitats necessary, at least in part, for the survival and successful maintenance of plant or animal species established under state or federal law as rare, threatened or endangered. AQUA -Aquaculture: Includes the use of water for aquaculture or mariculture operations including, but not limited to; propagation, cultivation, maintenance, or harvesting of aquatic plants and animals for human consumption or bait purposes. MIGR -Migration of Aquatic Organisms: Includes uses of water that support habitats necessary for migration, acclimatization between fresh and salt water, or other temporru:y activities by aquatic organisms, such as anadromous fish. SHELL -Shellfish Harvesting: Includes uses of water that support habitats suitable or the col1~ction of filter-feeding shellfish (e.g., clams, oysters, and mussels) for human consumption, commercial, or sport purposes. 2.0 CHARACTERIZATION OF PROJECT RUNOFF According to the Proposed 2006 CW A Section 303( d) list approved by the RWQCB (Attachment 3), Agua Hedionda Lagoon is an impaired water body due to bacteria indicators and sediment/siltation. Agua Hedionda Creek has impairment for manganese, selenium, sulfates and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Sites tributary to clean water act section 303(d) water bodies require additional BMP implementation. 2.1 Soil Characteristics A soils report for the site has been prepared by GeoSoils, Inc. titled "Geotechnical Evaluation-of the Robertson Ranch Property, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California." on January 29, 2002. The project area is comprised mainly of soils classified as hydrologic group D. Type D soils typically have a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clay soils that have a high shrink and swell potential, soils that have a permanent high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission. 2.2 Potentbil Discharges The project will contain some pollutants commonly found on similar developments that could affect water quality. The following list is taken from Table 2 of the City of Carlsbad's Storm 3 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc • Water Standards Manual (Attachment 4). It includes anticipated pollutants for attached residential developments, detached residential developments, streets, and parking lots. • \ • 1. Sediment discharge (Agua Hedionda Lagoon Impairment) 2. Nutrients from fertilizers 3. Heavy metals 4. Organic compounds 5. Trash and debris 6. Oxygen demanding substances 7. Oil and grease from paved areas 8. Bacteria and viruses (Agua Hedionda Lagoon Impairment) 9. Pesticid~s from landscaping and home use 3.0 MITIGATION MEASURES TO PROTECT WATER QUALITY To address water quality for the project, BMPs will be implemented during construction and post construction. Required BMPs are selected from Table 1: Storm Water BMP requirements Matrix, of the City of Carlsbad's Storm Water Standards Manual (Attachment 5). 3.1 Site Design BMPs Site Design BMPs have been incorporated into the project conceptual model in order to become permanent mitigation measures devised to protect water quality and minimize generation of the anticipated pollutant materials and contact of these pollutants with storm water runoff. Site design BMPs incorporated into the proposed PA 16, 17, and 18 developments include: • Maintain Pre-Development Rainfall Runoff Characteristics • Minimize Impervious Footprint • Conserve Natural Areas • Minimize Directly Connected Impervious Areas • Maximize Canopy Interception and Water Conservation Consistent with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual • Convey Runoff Safely From Tops of Slopes • Vegetate Slopes with Natural or Drought Tolerant Vegetation MAINTAIN PRE-DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF CHARACTERISTICS This Site Design BMP entails controlling post development peak storm water discharge at the rate and velocity of the pre-developed condition. The PA 16, 17, and 18 project has been designed to preserve the existing drainage characteristics to the maximum extent practicable. Runoff generally flows from north to south in the existing drainage configuration. The proposed conditions will preserve this drainage pattern as water courses are designed to flow generally north to south. The total storm water discharges are predicted to increase with developed' conditions as indicated in the Drainage Study for Robertson Ranch PA 16, 17, and 18. The increases in flow are to be mitigated by the proposed vegetated swale designed to treat the 85th percentile storm event. 4 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc • • MINIMIZE IMPERVIOUS FOOTPRINT The purpose of this BMP is to reduce the square footage of areas where water runoff is ullC:l.ble to infiltrate into the soil and naturally filter out pollutants including sediment, nutrients, heavy metals, and oil and grease. These areas include impenetrable surfaces such as asphalt parking lots, building rooftops, and paved street surfaces The proposed design of the P A 16, 17, and 18 residential development utilizes this site design BMP by incorporating landscaped pervious buffer zones adjacent to parking lots, near each proposed residence and on both sides of access driveways and streets. A minimum of 25% of the proposed driveways will be "Pasadena" driveways, consisting of two concrete strips with lawn or other groundcover in'between will be utilized to minimize the impervious footprint. CONSERVE NATURAL AREAS The purpose of this BMP is to preserve the unique topographic, hydrologic, and vegetative features of the undisturbed land. The PA 16, 17, and 18 project proposed hydrology condition utilizes the existing topographic features to maintain drainage corridors. The site is designed to cluster residences on the least-sensitive portions of the site while leaving existing environmentally sensitive areas in a natural undisturbed condition. According to the Robertson Ranch Master Plan 72.4 acres of land will be designated for open space in the East Village. The Robertson Ranch P A 16, 17, and 18 development maintains this land use designation for the East Village as PA 23D, 23E, and 23F are designated open space preserves consisting of 30.4, 39.7, and 2.3 acres respectively. These planning areas constitute the 72.4 acres designated for open space by the Robertson Ranch Master Plan . MINIMIZE DIRECTLY CONNECTED IMPERVIOUS AREAS The purpose of this site design BMP is to disperse runoff water from impermeable surfaces into pervious landscaped buffer zones in order to maximize infiltration, minimize runoff volume and velocities and allow pollutants such as sediment, nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, and oil and grease, to be absorbed by plant roots and soil particles. Areas where direct runoff from impervious surfaces including sidewalks, parking lots, rooftops, walkways, and patios are proposed are to be broken up by landscape planters, lawns, and vegetative cover. The landscape pervious buffer zones have been incorporated around the proposed paved parking lots, around the foot of the building structures including paved driveways and walkways, and on both sides of the proposed streets. The site design incorporates non-contiguous sidewalks so that landscape buffer zones border the proposed streets. Additionally no roof drains will be directly connected to under sidewalk drains. Roof top drains will be diverted into the adjacent landscaping in accordance with CASQA SD-ll: Roof Runoff Control (see Attachment 7). MAXIMIZE CANOPY INTERCEPTION AND WATER CONSERVATION CONSISTENT WITH THE CARLSBAD LANDSCAPE MANUAL The purpose of this BMP is to ensure adequate vegetative cover of pervious areas and to limit water usage to prevent non-storm water discharges generated by over irrigation, consistent with the Carlsbad-Landscape Manual. The site will utilize the planting of additional nativ~ or drought tolerant trees in place of non-drought tolerant exotic species in order to reduce the demand for artificial irrigation, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides. The PA 16, 17, and 18 residential developments will utilize this BMP by having the landscape architect utilize the applicable City of Carlsbad Landscape Manual and any other applicable City of Carlsbad Standards. 5 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc CONVEY RUNOFF SAFELY FROM TOPS OF SLOPES This Site Design BMP entails adequate design of engineering drainage controls to prevent initiation of the erosion process generated by concentrated flows. This BMP is particularly critical on steep slopes, which tend to be more susceptible to erosion due to formation of rills and gullies. The site design has incorporated this BMP by proposing underground storm water conveyance structures or concrete brow ditches designed to collect runoff water at the tops of slopes. These structural conveyances carry concentrated flows safely down the steepest slopes, utilizing energy dissipaters at the outfall to prevent scour and erosion. PLANT SLOPES WITH NATURAL OR DROUGHT TOLERANT VEGETATION This Site Design BMP entails utilizing native or drought tolerant vegetation where practicable, consistent with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual. It is paramount to ensure adequate vegetative cover of steep slopes to prevent erosion process and sediment transport. Exposed slopes will be planted with deep-rooted vegetation to maximize slope stability, prevent erosion, and maintain aesthetic appeal. Vegetation appropriate for Southern California's warm, dry ~1imate conditio~s will be selected, to minimize demand on artificial irrigation, and the need for fertilizer and pesticide applications. The PA 16, 17, and 18 project architects will design vegetative cover for steep slopes in accordance with the City of Carlsbad Landscape Manual and City of Carlsbad Engineering Standards. 3.2 Source Control BMPs Source control pollution prevention methods are designed to prevent the contact of pollutant loads with storm water runoff. These BMPs are the most critical line of defense against storm water 'pollution because they prevent the need for more expensive and generally le~s effectiv~ treatment control measures. Source controls include both structural and non-structural BMPs. Maintaining adequate source control BMPs requires the development and implementation of a comprehensive operation and maintenance (O&M) program to ensure that BMPs continue to function properly and that structural integrity is not compromised by natural degradation. The proposed O&M program is discussed in detail in section 4.0 of this report and includes non- structural BMPs. STRUCTURAL BMPS Structural BMPs are engineering controls installed en situ that prevent storm runoff from contacting urban pollutants. The following structural source control BMPS have been incorporated into this project: • Design Trash Storage Areas to Reduce Pollution Introduction • Use Efficient Irrigation Systems and Landscape Design • Provide Storm Water Conveyance System Stenciling and Signage 6 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc • DESIGN TRASH STORAGE AREAS • \ • This Source Control BMP entails designing trash storage areas to reduce pollution introduction. Trash storage areas will be built according to the City of Carlsbad Standard Drawing GS-16 (Attachment 7). These areas will be paved with ·an impervious surface, retrofitted with a drain that diverts runoff away from the enclosure and into the pervious landscaped area. The enclosure will be screened and walled to prevent off-site transport of trash. Trash containers will contain attached lids that exclude rain to minimize direct precipitation. Alternatively, the trash enclosure can contain a roof or awning to minimize direct contact with precipitation. The PA 16, 17, and 18 residential communities will not require construction of waste enclosures to house large dumpster bins as residents will utilize residential garbage bins, recycling containers, and trash collection services. USE EFFICIENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN This Source Control BMP entails utilizing rain shutoff devic~s to prevent irrigation during precipitation and this requires all landscaping architecture to be designed per the Carlsbad Landscape Manual. Landscape architects will utilize this Source Control BMP in the P A 16, 17, and i8 development plans by designing the irrigation system to automatically adjust wateri~g volumes according to seasonal schedules and to prevent over-watering. Sprinkler heads will be directed to spray on the landscaped area to prevent non-storm water discharges. The system will be inspected and repaired regularly to prevent broken lines that may discharge volumes of water to the storm drains. In addition, site irrigation will also be designed in accordance with CASQA SD-I0: Site Design and Landscape Planning. A copy of this has been provided in Attachment 7 . PROVIDE STENCILING AND SIGNAGE This Source Control BMP entails providing storm drain inlets with graphics, symbols, or wording designed to warn the public against illegally dumping materials into storm drains. This shall be done by providing concrete stamping, porcelain tile, insert permanent marking or approved equivalent as approved by the City of Carlsbad, of all storm drain conveyance system inlets and catch basins within the project area with prohibitive language (Le. "No Dumping - I Live Downstream") satisfactory to the City Engineer. The locations of the proposed storm drain stencils are shown on the Preliminary Storm Water Management Plan Exhibit in Attachment 6. The PA 16, 17, and 18 project will utilize this Source Control BMP in accordance with CASQA SD-13: Storm Drain Stenciling. A copy of the BMP fact sheet is provided in Attachment 7. NON-STRUCTURAL BMPS Non-structural BMPs consist of practices, policies, and procedures designed to prevent the contact of urban pollutants with storm water runoff. These pollution prevention methods are generally the more effective methods because they reduce the reliance on treatment controls by reducing pollutant loads in runoff water. Non-structural BMPs will be incorporated into the comprehensive O&M program as outlined in section 4.0 of this report. Non..;structural,behavior- based BMPs are generally the most efficient as well as, cost-effective pollution prevention mechanism . The following non-structural source control BMPS have been incorporated into this project: • Educational Materials 7 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc • • , • • Good Housekeeping Practices • Landscape Maintenance • Street Sweeping and Vacuuming • Vehicle Maintenance • Vehicle Washing • Waste Management EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS This Source Control BMP entails providing educational materials to the residents of the P A 16, ' 17, and 18 Tentative Map. The proposed development will also provide the following City of Carlsbad Educational Pamphlets from the City of Carlsbad Storm Water Protection Program: • General Storm Water BMPs • Automotive Repair • Automotive Repair (Spanish) • Car Washing • Commercial & Industrial General BMPs • Concrete & Mortar Projects • Lawn & Garden Care • Lawn & Garden Care (Spanish) • Motor Oil • Pet Waste • Power Washing • Restaurants • Restaurants (Spanish) • Swimming Pools, Fountains & Spas Copies of these items can be found on the City of Carlsbad Website and are provided in Attachment 8 for reference. GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES Housekeeping practices promote efficient storage, use, and cleanup when handling potential pollutant materials such as fertilizers, pesticides, home cleaning products, paint products, automotive products, and swimming pool chemicals. Residents will be educated via pamphlets to buy only the amount of materials needed for the job, and to look for alternative environmentally friendly products to replace more harmful ones. Work areas will be kept clean and orderly, and debris will removed in a timely fashion. All wash water, sweepings, and sediment will be properly disposed in accordance with NPDES requirements. Residents will be encouraged to recycle products including glass, metal, paper, cardboard, and automotive fluids. Pamphlets from the City of Carlsbad Storm Water Protection Program regarding general BMPs are i!1cluded in Attachment 8. LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE Landscape maintenance activities will be conducted in accordance with the City of Carlsbad Landscape Manual. Landscape maintenance activities include vegetation removal, herbicide, insecticide, and fertilizer application, watering and other gardening and lawn care practices. 8 Ol1014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc ·1 • These activities can generate pollutants including, sediment, nutrients, fertilizers, and pesticides when not properly managed. Contractors properly trained to handle, store, and dispose of chemical applications in accordance with local, state and federal regulations will be employed to conduct landscape maintenance activities. Landscape contractors are also responsible for collection and proper disposal of clippings, cuttings, and leaves and for proper maintenance, inspection, and repair of irrigation systems to prevent leaks and non-storm water discharge. • STREET SWEEPING AND VACUUMING In the City of Carlsbad, street sweeping is conducted bi-monthly by the Public Works Street Maintenance crew. The City of Carlsbad provides regular training of maintenance crew~ to ensure adherence to storm water management protocol and compliance with the Municipal Storm Water Ordinance. In addition, street sweeping vehicles receive routine maintenance, cleaning and materials are properly disposed to ensure mechanical functioning of equipment. VEmCLE MAINTENANCE Automotive repair and maintenance activities generate pollutants including automotive fluids, oil and grease, antifreeze, and volatile organics. Residents will be encouraged to have major vehicle repair and maintenance work completed at commercial automotive shops. Residents who conduct minor repair work, at home will be required to keep vehicles within an enclosed structure such as a garage, and to use drip pans and dry absorbent material to clean spills and leaks. All automotive fluids must be properly disposed according to local, state, and federal regUlations. The property owner will be responsible for reporting violators to the municipality, state or federal regulators. Educational pamphlets regarding automotive repair BMPs are included in Attachment 8. VEHICLE WASmNG Vehicle washing activities generate non-storm water discharges that can carry sediments, oil and grease, metals, and detergents to the storm drain system. Residents will be encouraged to use commercial car wash facilities equipped with collection systems designed to properly-treat and dispose of wastewater. The property owner will be responsible for notifying residents that vehicle washing activities, which contribute to a violation of water quality standards is a violation of the Municipal Storm Water Ordinance. Educational pamphlets regarding BMPs for vehicle washing are included in Attachment 8. WASTE COLLECTION Waste handling and disposal has the potential to generate trash, debris, and sediment pollutants. Waste materials will be collected by the City of Carlsbad Waste Management to ensure proper handling and disposal of waste materials. Residents will be responsible for segregating waste in appropriate recycling bins, keeping waste bin lids closed and keeping waste storage areas clean and free of debris. Waste collection will be conducted once per week . 9 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc • • 3.3 Individual Priority Project Categories HILLSIDE LANDSCAPING The City of Carlsbad Storm Water Standards requires that hillside areas disturbed by project development shall be landscaped with deep-rooted, drought tolerant plant species selected for erosion control, in accordance with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual. The P A 16, 17, and 18 developments will incorporate this priority project category BMP by ensuring that all pervious areas are covered with landscape vegetation suitable for the climate and that all slopes steeper than 5% are planted with deep-rooted plants. Hillside landscaping shall be incorporated in accordance with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual, Section IIIB Slope Revegetation/Erosion Control, and landscape plans shall be prepared by a landscape architect or designer registered in the State of California. RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS AND GUEST PARKING The City of Carlsbad Storm Water Standards requires residential driveways and guest parking be designed to have specific BMPs to mitigate pollutants. The PA 16, 17, and 18 proposed developments will address this BMP category by having shared access to driveways whenever practicable. In addition, driveways and parking areas will discharge to landscaped buffer zones, where feasible to ensure additional pollutant removal. SURFACE PARKING AREAS The City of Carlsbad Storm Water Standards requires that where landscaping is proposed in surface parking areas, landscaping shall be incorporated into the drainage design. The P A 16, 17, and 18 proposed parking lots are designed to drain into landscape buffer zones prior to discharging to storm drain inlets. Furthermore; all developed areas including parking lots will discharge to the proposed vegetated swale. This design feature will allow runoff water to partially infiltrate into the soil so that target pollutants such as heavy metals and oil and grease may absorb into soil particles and be filtered out by plant roots. RESIDENTIAL STREETS The City of Carlsbad Storm Water Standards requires that the design of private roadway drainage where appropriate, shall incorporate, to the extent practicable treatment control BMP methods approved by the City Engineer to reduce storm water runoff pollution. The PA 16; 17, and 18 proposed developments will address this priority project category with a proposed vegetated swale to be constructed at PA 20 (see Storm Water Management Plan Exhibit in Attachment 6). Runoff flow from the developed areas will be treated by a vegetated swale designed to filter pollutants including sediment, heavy metals, and oil and grease. 3.4 Treatment Control BMPs Treatment BMPs are engineering controls designed to remove pollutant loads from contaminated storm water runoff. These BMPs are generally less effective than source control measures and are considered the last line of defense for storm water pollution control. Treatment control BMPs can be effective at mitigating low levels of pollutants and are most successful when used in combination with site design, source control measures and in multiple treatment system stages. 10 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc • • • The following treatment control BMPs have been incorporated into the design of the PA 16, 17, and 18 residential development in series to act as a multiple stage treatment system. • Pervious Vegetated Buffer Strips • Inlet Filters • Vegetated Swale PERVIOUS VEGETATED BUFFER STRIPS Pervious landscaped areas will act as vegetated buffer zones and will be the first in a chain of multiple phase treatment systems. Runoff from impervious areas will be diverted to planted sections where runoff water can infiltrate into pervious soils and be filtered by the subsurface matrix and plant roots. This design feature will reduce pollutant loads including heavy metals, nutrients, sediments, trash, bacteria, oil and grease, and organics. In addition these vegetated zones will act to mitigate peak runoff velocities and reduce runoff volumes. INLET FILTERS Inlet filters are typically manufactured screens or fabric placed in a drop inlet to remove sediment and debris. The PA 16, 17, and 18 proposed developments will utilize curb inlet baskets designed by Suntree Technologies, Inc. These drainage filters will be installed at every onsite curb inlet as shown on the SWMP Exhibit in Attachment 6. Curb inlet filters are effective in removing pollutants including chemical oxygen demanding substances, Ititrates and phosphates typical of fertilizers, suspended solids, trash and debris, and grass clippings and leaves. Standard specifications for the Suntree Technologies, Inc. catch basin inserts are provided in Attachment 11. Curb inlet filter sizing calculations are included in Attachment 12. VEGETATED SWALE Vegetated swales are shallow open channels with a vegetated cover on the side slopes and base, designed to collect and convey runoff flow at low velocities to downstream discharge 10cCJ.tions. Flow is filtered by plant roots in the channel, through the subsoil matrix, and by infiltration into the underlying soils. Targeted pollutants include sediment, nutrients, trash, metals, bacteria, oil and grease, and organics. The PA 16, 17, and 18 residential project has incorporated a vegetated swale design, which will treat discharges from the developed areas at the site. TREATMENT CONTROL BMP DESIGN STANDARDS Treatment Control BMPs shall be designed to infiltrate, filter, and/or treat runoff from the project footprint per the ''Numeric ~izing Treatment Standards" as identified in the City of Carlsbad Engineering Standards and the San Diego County Hydrology Manual. Flow-based numeric sizing calculations for the proposed vegetated swale located southwest inside the P A 20 property boundary are included in the SWMP for Robertson Ranch East Village by O'Day Consultants, Inc. submitted to the City of Carlsbad on March 8,2007. TREATMENT CONTROL BMP POLLUTANT REMOVAL EFFICIENCY Based on the pollutants of concern present from the project site and the removal efficiencies listed in Table 4: Structural Treatment Control BMP Selection Matrix, the Structural Treatment Control BMP with the most effective removal efficiencies for the PA 16, 17, and 18 developments are as follows: 11 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc • • • BiofilterN egetated buffer zoneslFiltration • Inlet Filter • BiofiltersN egetated SwalelFiltration Target Pollutant Selected Treatment Control BMP B iofilterN egetated Vegetated Swalel Buffer Zone Inlet Filter Filtration Sediment M H H Nutrients L L M Heavy Metals M L H Organic Compounds U L M Trash & Debris L H H Oxygen Demanding Substances L L M Bacteria U L M Oil and Grease M H H Pesticides U L U L: Low removal efficiency M: Medium removal efficiency H: High removal efficiency Based on the removal efficiencies, the PA 16, 17, and 18 residential development proposed combination of source control and treatment control BMPs to be utilized at the site are adequate to mitigate the priority pollutant categories. The most eff~ctive means of storm water management involves a multi-faceted approach with an emphasis on site design, and source control BMPs. Treatment control BMPs are the last line of defense and cannot be relied upon solely to mitigate pollution. In order to more effectively mitigate the target pollutants a multiple stage treatment system including bio-filtration, inlet filters, and vegetated swale has been incorporated into the project design. Runoff water will first be diverted to landscaped buffer zones, which will help reduce runoff volumes and allow pollutants to absorb into soils. Downstream of the project site the discharge will flow through a vegetated swale designed to filter pollutants from runoff. The treatment engineering controls will be designed and installed in accordance with CASQA TC-31 Vegetated Buffer Strip, TC-30 Vegetated Swale, and CASQA TC-60: Multiple System Fact Sheet. A copy of the BMP fact sheets has been provided in Attachment 9. 3.5 Construction BMPs The following is a list of potential construction phase BMPs to be used. 1. Silt fence, fiber rolls, or gravel bag berms 2. Check dams 3: Street sweeping and vacuuming 4. Storm drain inlet protection 5. Stabilized construction entrance/exit 6. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, cleaning, and fueling 12 Ol1014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc • 7. Hydroseed, soil binders, or straw mulch 8. Material delivery and storage 9. Stockpile management 10. Spill prevention and control 11. Waste management for solid, liquid, hazardous and sanitary waste, contaminated soil. 12. Concrete waste management A SWPPP will be prepared and approved prior to issuance of a grading permit. Construction BMPs for this project will be selected, constructed, and maintained through the SWPPP to comply with all applicable ordinances and guidance documents. The approved SWPPP shall be implemented during the construction phase. 4.0 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM An effective Operation & Maintenance (O&M) program, for the existing and proposed BMPs is essential to ensure optimum performance and to maintain .compliance with the NPDES permits and the City of Carlsbad Municipal Code. The following table establishes the proposed maintenance actions, frequencies, responsible parties, and estimated annual cost for O&M of the selected BMPs. Additional BMP maintenance program fact sheets developed by the CASQA,are included in Attachment 10. Operation and Maintenance Program Estimated Annual BMP Maintenance Activities Responsible Party Maintenance Frequency Cost Inspect, repair, replace Semi-Annually, Before Storm Drain storm drain stencils to HomeOwners And after the wet season Stenciling ensure proper functioning Association (HOA) (Oct 1 thru April 30) $500.00 Street Remove sediment, trash, City of Carlsbad Sweeping and and debris from paved Public Works Vacuuming surfaces Street Maintenance Bi-monthly $1,000 Waste Collect waste from trash City of Carlsbad! Management enclosure for disposal Waste Management Weekly $70,000-$75,000 Remove sediment, trash, Semi-Annually, Before and Drainage and debris from curb after the wet season (Oct 1 Structures gutters and inlets HOA thru April 30) .$5,000 Routine grounds maintenance: remove Landscape weeds, ensure adequate Maintenance ground cover HOA Weekly $180,000 -$200,000. Inspect and repair irrigation system, adjust Semi-Annually, Before and Irrigation watering volumes and After the wet season (Oct 1 System frequency according to thru Maintenance seasonal requirements HOA April 30) $1,500,00 Utilize eco-system based, biological pest control Integrated methods as an alternative Weekly (as part of routine (Cost incorporated Pest to chemical pesticide Landscape Maintenance into Landscape Management applications HOA Activities) Maintenance) 13 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc • , • Operation and Maintenance Program Estimated Annu!.!l BMP Maintenance Activities Responsible Party Maintenance Frequency Cost Provide educational brochures and pamphlets to tenants and employees Public regarding storm water Education management HOA Annually $500.00 QUALIFICATIONS OF MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL Operation and maintenance of treatment control BMPs will be conducted by persons qualified to maintain the integrity of engineering controls in accordance with the standards established by the Federal Clean Water Act (CWA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), SWRCB, RWQCB, and City of Carlsbad Engineering Standards, the Municipal Code, the County of San Diego Drainage Design Manual, and all other regulating agencies. It is the responsibility of the ROA to verify the qualifications of select personnel and to ensure compliance of BMPs with NPDES requirements. 14 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc ~-.~ ... ~ i '-_1 "I .::;: '-.' ~ , . ! -'I -.~ . ~: • CITY OF OCEANSIDE NOT TO SCALE PACIFIC OCEAN /8 L .. ~ L .. ..., CITY OF SAN MARCOS LJ'"-.. CITY OF ENCINITAS . . .J\..-J VICINITY MAP NO SCALE t L I I I 'j " .--- • :c;:,i " , -1 :'. ~ Table 2-2. BENEFICIAL USES OF INLAND SURFACE WATERS Inland Surface Waters 1,2 San Diego County Coastal Streams Loma Alta Creek Lorna Alta Slough Buena Vista Lagoon Buena Vista Creek Buena Vista Creek Agua Hedionda C Agua Hedionda CreekJ Buena Creek Agua Hedionda Creek Letterbox canyon Canyon de las Encinas Cottonwood Creek Moonlight Creek • Existing Beneficial Use o Potential Beneficial Use + Excepted from MUN (See Text) Table 2-2 BENEFICIAL USES BENEFICIAL USE Hydrologic M A I P G F P R R B W C W Unit Basin R R E E I A 0 I Number U G N 0 W S 0 C C 0 R L L N R D R W C H 1 2 L M D D 4.10 + 0 • • • 4.10 See Coastal Waters -Table 2-3 4.21 See Coastal Waters -Table 2-3 4.22 + • • • • • • 4.21 + • • • • • • 4.31 See Coastal Waters -Table 2-3 4.32 • • • • • • • 4.32 • • • • • • • 4.31 • • • • • • • • 4.31 • • • • • • • 4.40 + 0 • • • 4.51 + • • • • • 4.51 + • • • • • -------~----~~ 1 Waterbodies are listed multiple times if they cross hydrologic area or sub area boundaries. 2 Beneficial use designations apply to all tributaries to the indicated waterbody, if not listed separately. 2 -31 • R S A P R W E N • 34(*":'9 r i •• '~: :' J . I I -I . -~I r ;.-',:,:; it1 J i ! :-. (. ~. Table 2-3. BENEFICIAL USES OF COASTAL WATERS BENEFICIAL USE Hydrologic R R C B W R A M S W ·S Unit Basin I N E E 0 I E I A M Q I P A H Coastal Waters N A C C M 0 S L R A U G W R E Number D V T R L 1 2 M L D E A R N M L Pacific Ocean • • • • • • • • • • • • • Dana Point Harbor • • • • • • • • • • • Del Mar Boat Basin • • • • • • • • • • • Mission Bay • • • • • • • • • • • Oceanside Harbor • • • • • • • • • • • San Diego Bay 1, 3 • • • • • • • • • • • • • Coastal Lagoons Tijuana River Estuary 11.11 • • • • • • • • • • • Mouth of San Diego River 7.11 • • • • • • • • • • Famosa Slough and Channel 7.11 • • • • • • • • • • Los Penasquitos Lagoon 2 6.10 • • • • • • • • • • San Dieguito Lagoon 5.11 • • • • • • • • • Batiquitos Lagoon 4.51 • • • • • • • • • San Elijo Lagoon 4.61 • • • • • • • • • r Agua Hedionda Lagoon~_ 4.31 • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 Includes the tidal prisms of the Otay and Swee~water Rivers. -2 Fishing from shore or boat permitted, but other water contact recreational (REC-1) uses are prohibited. 3 The Shelter Island Yacht Basin portion of San Diego Bay is designated as an impaired water body for dissolved copper pursuant to Clean Water Act section 303(d). A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) has been adopted to address this impairment. See Chapter 3, Water Quality Objectives for Pesticides, Toxicity and Toxic Pollutants and Chapter 4, Total Maximum Daily Loads. • Existing Beneficial Use Table 2-3 BENEFICIAL USES 2 -52 \~ .' -.,: i I .,1 "'.' . -: . > ." ,. , I I j I I . , e'l :. ~ ' .. :WI' • PROPOSED 2006 CWA SECTION 303(d) LIST OF WATER QUALITY LIMITED SEGMENTS SAN DIEGO REGIONAL BOARD .NAME Agua Hedionda Creek: CALWATElli' WATERSHED 90431000 POp.;utANTJ~TRESSOR:. .. Manganese Selenium Sulfates Total Dissolved Solids P01iENTIAL ;SOVRCES Source Unknown Source Unknown Source Unknown Urban Runoff/Storm Sewers Unknown Nonpoint Source Unknown point source SWRCB APPROVAL DATE: OCTOBER 2?, 2006 . ESTIMATE)): S)zE~CTEQ 7 Miles 7 Miles 7 Miles 7 Miles PROPOSED TMDL ,COMPLETION 2019 2019 2019 2019 <:: E Agua Hedionda ~ 90431000 Indicator bacteria 6.8 Acres 2006 9 R Aliso Creek 90113000 NonpointlPoint Source Sedimentation/Siltation 6.8 Acres 2019 Nonpoint/Point Source Indicator bacteria 19 Miles 2005 This listingfor indicator bacteria applies to the Aliso Creek mainstem and all the major tributaries of Aliso Creek which are Sulphur Creek, Wood Canyon, Aliso Hills Canyon, Dairy Fork, and English Canyon. Phosphorus Urban Runoff/Storm Sewers Unknown point source Nonpoint/Point Source 19 Miles 2019 This listingfor phosphorus applies to the Aliso Creek mainstem and all the major tributaries of Aliso Creek which are Sulphur Creek, Wood Canyon, Aliso Hills Canyon, Dairy Fork, and English Canyon. Pagelof27 Urban Runoff/Storm Sewers Unknown Nonpoint Source Unknown point source • \, ~. , .' ( ( C ( Storm Water Standards 4/03/03 When referred to this Section, by Step 2 of Section II, complete the analysis required for your project in the subsections of Section 111.1 below. 1. IDENTIFY POLLUTANTS & CONDITIONS OF CONCERN A. Identify Pollutants from the Project Area Using Table 1, identify the project's anticipated pollutants. Pollutants associated with any hazardous material sites that have been remediated or are not t~reatened by the proposed project are not considered a pollutant of concern. Projects meeting the definition of more than one project category shall identify all general pollutant categories that apply. T bl 2 A tl ltd d P t tl I P II t ts G a a • n CllJa a an o an a o u an tdb L dU T anara a ,y an sa iypa. General PoUumnt Camgories Project Trash Oxygen Bacteria Camgorie, Heavy Organic & Demanding Oil & & Sediments Nutrients Metals Compounds Debris Substances Grease Viruses Pesticides '15etached Dx Residential X X X X X X Development rmacned Residential X X X pel) P(2) pel) X Development Commercial Development pel) pel} pe2} X P(5} X P(3} pe5} >100,000 ft2 Automotive X x(4)(5) X X Repair Restaurants X X X X ,.. Hillside D Development X X X X X X .... >5.000~ Parking Lots ~ pel) pel} X J X pel} X P(l) rStreets. D Highways & X P(l) X X x(4) X P(5) X Freeway,V X = anticipated p = potential (1) A potential pollutant if landscaping exists on-site. (2) A potential pollutant if the project includes uncovered parking areas, (3) A potential pollutant if land use involves food or animal waste products. (4) Including petroleum hydrocarbons. I (s)Jncluding solvents. 11) • \ Storm Water Standards 4/03/03 "'f Re~duRCE$· & ·REFERENce·s: : ',. . .,:. : :. if" . '. . . APPENDIX A STORM WATER REQUIREMENTS APPLICABILITY CHECKLIST .... . .... Complete Sections 1 and 2 of the following checklist to determine your project's permanent .and construction storm water best management practices requirements. This form must be completed and submitted with your permit application. Section 1. Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements: If any answers to Part A are answered "Yes," your project is subject to the "Priority Project Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements," and "Standard Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements" in Section III, "Permanent Storm Water BMP Selection Procedure" In the Storm Water Standards manual. If all answers to Part A are "No," and any answers to Part B are "Yes," your project is only subject to the "Standard Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements". If every question in Part A and B is answered "No," your project is exempt from permanent storm water requirements. Part A: Determine Priority Project Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements. Does the project meet the definition of one or more of the priority project categorles?i!' Yes No 1. Detached residential development of 10 or more units ><"' 2. Attached residential development of 10 or more units ·X 3. Commercial development greater than 100,000 square feet X 4. Automotive repair shop >.<: 5. Restaurant x:: 6. Steep hillside development greater than 5,000 square feet ,><- 1. Project discharging to receiving waters within Environmentally Sensitive Areas ',>< 8. ParkIng lots greater than or equal to 5,000 ft~ or with at least 15 parking spaces, and >( potentially exposed to urban runoff 9. Streets, roads, highways, and freeways which would create a new paved surface that is • < 5,000 square feet or greater • Refer.to the definitions section in the Storm Water Standards for expanded definitions of the priority project categories. Limited Exclusion: Trenching and resurfacing work assoGiated with utility projects are not considered priority projects. Parking lots, buildings and other structures associated with utility projects are priority projects if one or more of the criteria in Part A is met. Ifall answers to Part A are "No", continue to Part B. 30 i i I I I t j ! i i \ I j I /. • • Storm Water Standards 4/03/03 Part B: o etermme S d dP tan ar ermanen t St orm W t R a er t eqUiremen s. Does the project propose: 1. New impervious areas, such as rooftops, roads, parking lots, driveways, paths and sidewalks? 2. New pervious landscape areas and irrigation systems? 3. Permanent structures within 100 feet of any natural water body? 4. Trash storage areas? 5. liquid or solid material loading and unloading areas? 6. Vehicle or equipment fueling, washing, or maintenance areas? 7. Require a General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activities (Except construction)?· 8. Commercial or industrial waste handling or storage, excluding typical office or household waste? 9. Any gradina or ground disturbance durin~ construction? 10. Anv new storm drains, or alteration to existing storm drains? . Yes No >( >< X .x :x- X X X x.. >< *To find out if your project is required to obtain an' individual General NPDES Permit foi Storm W*er Discharges Associated with Industrial Activities, visit the State Water Resources Control Board web site at, www.swrcb.ca.gov/stormwtr/industrial.html Section 2. Construction .Storm Water BMP Requirements: If the answer to question 1 of Part C is answered "Yes," your project is sut;lject to Section IV, "Construction Storm Water BMP Performance Standards," and must prepare a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). If the answer to qu~stion 1 is "No," but the answer to any of the remaining questions is "Yes," your project is subject to Section IV, "Construction Storm Water BMP Performance Standards," and must prepare a Water Pollution Control Plan (WPCP). If every question in Part C is answered "No," your project Is exempt from any construction storm water BMP requirements. If any of the answers to the questions in Part C are "Yes," complete the construction site prioritization in Part D, below. Part C: Determine Construction Phase Storm Water Re uirements. Would the project meet any of these criteria during construction? Yes No 1. 2. 3. 4. 31 I i { l I I I I ! ·, Storm Water Standards 4/03/03 Part D: Determine Constr~ction Site Priority In accotdance with the Municipal Permit, each construction site with construction storm water BMP requirements must be designated with a priority: high, me~ium or low. This prioritization must be completed with this form, noted on the plans, and included in the SWPPP or WPCP. Indicate the project's prior!ty in one of the check boxes using the crit~ria below, and existing and surrounding conditions of the project, the type of activities necessary to complete the construction and any, other extenuating circumstances that may pose a threat to water quality. The City reserves the right to adjust the priority of the projects both before and during construction. [Note: The construction priority does NOT change construction BMP requirements that apply to projects; all construction BMP requirements must be i~entified on a case-by-case basis. The construction priority does affect the frequency of inspections that will be conducted by City staff. See Section IV.1 for more details on construction BMP requirements.] )1 A). High Priority 1) Projects where the site is 50 acres or more and grading will occur during the rainy season .' 2) Projects 5 ~cres or more. 3) Projects 5 acres. or more within or directly . adjacent to or discharging directly to a coastal lagoon or other receiving water within an environmentally sensitive area Projects, active or inactive, adjacent or tributary to sensitive water bodies o B) Medium Priority 1) Capital Improvement Projects where grading occurs, however a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) is not required under the State General Construction Permit (i.e., water and 'sewer replacement projects, intersection and street re-alignments, widening, comfort stations, etc.) 2) Permit projects in the public right-of-way Where grading occurs, such as installation of sidewalk, substantial retaining walls, curb and gutter for an entire street frontage, etc. , however SWPPPs are not required. 3) Permit projects on private property where grading permits are r~quirEld, however, Notice Of Intents (NOls) and SWPPPs are not required. o C) Low Priority 1) Capital Projects where minimal to no grading occurs, such as signal light and loop installations, street light installations, etc. . 2) Permit projects in the public right-at-way where minimal to no grading occurs, such as pedestrian ramps, driveway additions, small retaining walls, etc. 3) Permit projects on private property where grading permits are not required, such as small retaining walls, single-family homes, small tenant improvements, etc. 32 I I I ! i i I I I. • • Assessors Parcel Number(s): Project # (city use only): '8-~Io\ ... 0 Complete Sections 1 and 2 of the following checklist to determine your project's permanent and construction storm water best management practices requirements. This form must be completed and submitted with your permit application. Section 1. Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements: If any answers to Part A are answered "Yes," your project is subject to the "Priority Project Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements," and "Standard Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements" in Section III, "Permanent Storm Water BMP Selection Procedure" in the Storm Water Standards manual. If all answers to Part A are "No," and any answers to Part B are "Yes," your project is only subject to the "Standard Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements". If every question in Part A and B is answered "No," your project is exempt from permanent storm water requirements. . Part A: D etermme p' ·t p' p nomy rOJect ermanen t St orm W t BMP R a er t eJlUlremen s. Does the project meet the definition of one or more of the priority project categories?* Yes 1. Detached residential' development of 10 or more units. l~ 2. Attached residential development of 10 or more units. 0 3. Commercial development greater than 100,000 square feet. 0 4. Automotive repair shop. ,'0 5. Restaurant. 0 No 0 ~ ~ ~ l25] 6. Steep hillside development greater than 5,000 square feet. 0 ~, 7. Project discharging to receiving waters within Environmentally Sensitive Areas. § 0 2 [g)' 0 8. Parking lots greater than or equal to 5,000 ft or with at least 15 parking spaces, and potentially exposed to urban runoff. 9. Streets, roads, highways, and freeways which would create a new paved surface that is [8l 0 5,000 square feet or greater * Refer to the definitions section in the Storm Water Standards for expanded definitions of the priority project categories. Limited Exclusion: Trenching and resurfacing work associated with utility projects are not considered priority projects. Parking lots, buildings and other structures associated with utility projects are priority projects if one or more of the criteria in Part A is met. If all answers to Part A are "No", continue to Part B . • • \ Part . B 0 etermme St d d P an ar ermanen t St orm W t R t a er eqUiremen s. Does the project propose: Yes No 1. New impervious areas, such as rooftops, roads, parking lots, driveways, paths and ~ D sidewalks? 2. New pervious landscape areas and irrigation systems? ~ D 3. Permanent structures within 100 feet of any natural water body? D ~ 4. Trash storage areas? D rgJ 5. Liquid or solid material loading and unloading areas? D-~ 6. Vehicle or equipment fueling, washing, or maintenance areas? D lZJ 7. Require a General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial D rzl Activities (Except construction)?* 8. Commercial or industrial waste handling or storage, excluding typical office or household D ~l waste? 9. Any grading or ground disturbance during construction? l81 D 10. Any new storm drains, or alteration to existing storm drains? ~ D *To find out if your project is required to obtain an individual General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activities, visit the State Water Resources Control Board web site at, www.swrcb.ca.gov/stormwtr/industrial.html Section '2. Construction Storm Water BMP Requirements: If the answer to question 1 of Part C is answered "Yes," your project is subject to Section IV, "Construction Storm Water BMP Performance Standards," and must prepare a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). If the answer to question 1 is "No," but the answer to any of the remaining questions is "Yes," your project is subject to Section IV, "Construction Storm Water BMP Performance Standards," and must prepare a Water Pollution Control Plan (WPCP). If every question in Part C is answered "No," your project is exempt from any construction storm water BMP requirements. If any of the answers to the questions in Part C are "Yes," complete the construction site prioritization in Part 0, below. Part C Determme Construction Phase Storm Water ReqUirements. Would the project meet any of these criteria during construction? 1. Is the project subject to California's statewide General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated With Construction Activities? 2. Does the project propose grading or soil disturbance? 3. Would storm water or urban runoff have the potential to contact any portion of the construction area, including washing and staging areas? 4. Would the project use any construction materials that could negatively ,affect water quality if discharged from the site (such as, paints, solvents, concrete, and stucco)? Yes No -~-D • Part D: Determine Construction Site Priority In accordance with the Municipal Permit, each construction site with construction storm water 8MP requirements must be designated with a priority: high, medium or low. this prioritization must be completed with this form, noted on the plans, and included in the SWPPP or WPCP. Indicate the project's priority in one of the check boxes using the criteria below, and existing and surrounding conditions of the project, the type of activities necessary to complete the construction and any other extenuating circumstances that may pose a threat to water quality. The City reserves the right to adjust the priority of the projects both before and during construction. [Note: The construction priority does NOT change , construction 8MP requirements that apply to projects; all construction 8MP requirements must be identified on a case-by-case basis. The construction priority does affect the frequency of inspections that will be conducted by City staff. See Section IV.1 for more details on construction 8MP requirements.] II'IA) High Priority 1) Projects where the site is 50 acres or more and grading will occur during the rainy season 2) Projects 1 acre or more. 3) Projects 1 acre or more within or directly adjacent to or discharging directly to a coastal lagoon' or other receiving water within an environmentally sensitive area 4) Projects, active or inactive, adjacent or tributary to sensitive water bodies D 8) Medium Priority • .{ '" 5) Capital Improvement Projects where grading occurs, however a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) is not required under the State General Construction Permit (Le., water and sewer replacement projects, intersection and street re-alignments, widening, comfort stations, etc.) 6) 7) Permit projects in the public right-of-way where grading occurs, such as installation of sidewalk, substantial retaining walls, curb and gutter for an entire street frontage, etc. , however SWPPPs are not required. Permit projects on private property where grading permits are required, however, Notice Of Intents (NOls) and SWPPPs are not required. D C) Low Priority • 8) Capital Projects where minimal to no grading occurs, such as signal light and loop installations, street light installations, etc. 9) Permit projects in the public right-of-way where minimal to no grading occurs, such as pedestrian ramps, driveway additions, small retaining walls, etc. 10) Permit projects on private property where grading permits are not required, such as small retaining walls, single-family homes, small tenant improvements, etc. Owner/Agent/Engineer Name (Please Print): Title: "" GJ .. <eu • I I ! e'l [ . • ',1 ·'i ~I ~i , .' \ ~ \,--," '. ! Storm Water Standards 4/03/03 Table 1. Standard Development Project & Priority Project Storm Water BMP Requirements Matrix. BMPs Applicable to Individual PrioriJiProject Cateaories(3) II) ~ (\1 m e ~ « II) ~ (\1 C) ~ II) C) e ~ (\1 I: .~ " ~ ~ .c:: 'in « (\1 II) II) C) (\1 II) i52' co ~ ~ I: (.) 1a .c:: :g II) II) ~ II) e (\1 "C ca~ m ~ ..... ~ e I: ~ C I: a.. (\1 :;::I (\1 e (\1 Q) « -J co. c .... ~ J!! ~1i) « J!! Q) E 0 C) Q) 'U Q. 0 .5 :2 ~ II) Q) 8 c :c ·s :e ~ a:; II) Site Source '1: ~0 °ca ~ Iff ::3 ::3 ::3 :E Treatment 0. c ~ 0 en LL Design Control cd .Q d -c Q) c:» ..c: Control BMPs(1) BMPS£2J ...: .-'-' BMPS(4) Standard Projects R R 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Priority Prolects: (.,. Detached Residential ...... Development .... D R R R R R S Attached Residential R R R S Development Commercial Development R R R R R R S >100,000 ft2 Automotive Repair Shop R R R R R R R S Restaurants R R R R S ~illside Development ~ R R R R S ......... >5000 ft2.____" C Parking Lot~ R R R(5) S <:::treets, Highwa:9' Freew~j R R S R = Required; select one or more applicable and appropriate BMPs from the applicable steps in Section 1II.2.A-D, or ' equivalent as identified in Appendix C. o = Optional! or may be required by City staff. As appropriate, applicants are encouraged to incorporate treatment control BMPs and BMPs applicable to individual priority project categories into the project design. City staff may require one or more of these BMPs, where appropriate. S = Select one or more applicable and appropriate treatment control BMPs from Appendix C. (1) Refer to Section 1I1.2.A. (2) Refer to Section 1II.2.B. (3) Priority project categories must apply specific storm water 8MP requirements, where applicable. Priority projects are subject to the requirements of all priority project categories that apply. (4) Refer to Section 1I1.2.D. (5) Applies if the paved area totals >5,000 square feet or with >15 parking spaces and is potentially exposed to urban runoff. t i i I -I I J .~ --., ._1 , ~I I -, ;' -1 I : I I • Site Design & Landscape Planning SD-10 Description Design Objectives ~ Maximize Infiltl'ation o Provide Retention o Slow Runoff o Minimize Impervious Land Coverage Prohibit Dumping of Improper Materials Contain Pollutants Collect and Convey E.ach project site possesses unique topographic, hydrologic, and vegetative features, some of which are more suitable for development than others. Integrating and incorporating . appropriate landscape planning methodologies into the project design is the most effective action that can be done to minimize sUlface and groundwater contamination from stonnwater. Approach Landscape plamling should couple consideration ofland suitability for urban uses 'with consideration of community goals and projected growth. Project plan designs should conserve natural areas to the extent possible, maximize natural water storage and infiltration opportunities? and protect slopes and channels. Suitable Applications Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for development or redevelopment. Design Considerations Design requirements for site design and landscapes plalming should conform to applicable standards and specificatioJ;ls of agencies with jurisdiction and be consistent lvith applicable General Plan and Local Area Plan policies. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com t.·~.tHJr\,,\T{~1;' $rO~~1Wt,rr.R t..H :\; H ~ "t:-:.~p~ : ."!J'.~.'':. 10f4 .: 50-10 Site Design It Landscape Planni,ng Designing New Installations Begin the development of a plan for the landscape unit with attention to the following general principles: • Formulate the plan on the basis of clearly articulated community goals. Carefully identify conflicts and choices between retaining and protecting desired resources and community growth. • Map and assess land suitability for urban uses. Include the following landscape features in the assessment: wooded land, open unwooded land, steep slopes, erosion-prone soils, foundation suitability, soil suitability for waste disposal, aquifers, aquifer recharge areas, wetlands, floodplains, surface waters, agricultural lands, and various categories of urban land use. When appropriate, the assessment can highlight outstanding local or regional resources that the community determines should be protected (e.g., a scenic area, recreational area, threatened species habitat, farmland, fish run). Mapping and assessment should recognize not only these resources but also additional areas needed for their sustenance. Project plan designs should conserve natural areas to the extent possible, maximize natural water storage and infiltration opportunities, and protect slopes and channels. Conserve Natural Areas during Landscape Planning If applicable, the following items are required and must be implemented in the site layout during the subdivision design and approval process, consistent with applicable General Plan and Local Area Plan policies: • Cluster development on least-sensitive portions of a site while leaving the remaining land in a natural undisturbed condition. • Limit clearing and grading of native vegetation at a site to the minimum amount needed to build lots, allow access, and provide fire protection. • Maximize trees and other vegetation at each site by planting additional vegetation, clusteling tree areas, and promoting the use of native andlor drought tolerant plants. • Promote natural vegetation by using parking lot islands and other landscaped areas. • Preserve riparian areas and wetlands. Maximize Natl.lrall1Tater Storage and Infi.ltration Opportunities Within the Landscape Unit • Promote the conservation of forest cover. Building on land that is already deforested affects basin hydrology to a lesser extent tllan converting forested land. Loss of forest cover reduces interception storage, detention in the organic forest floor layer, and water losses by evapotranspiration, resulting in large peak runoff increases and either their negative effects or the expense of countering them with structural solutions. ~ Maintain natural storage reservoirs and drainage corridors1 including depressions, areas of permeable soils, swales, and intermittent streams. Develop and implement policies and 2of4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cahmphandbooks.com January 2003 • Site Design &. Landscape Planning SD-10 regulations to discourage the clearing,filling, and channelization of these features. Utilize them in drainage networks in preference to pipes, culverts, and engineered ditches. • E~aluating infiltration opportunities by referring to the stormwater management manual for the jurisdiction and pay particular attention to the selection criteria for avoiding groundwater contamination, pOOl' soils, and hydrogeological conditions that cause these facilities to fail. If necessalY, locate developments with large amounts of impervious surlaces or a potential to produce relatively contaminated runoff away from groundwater recharge areas. Protection a/Slopes and Charmels during Landscape Design • Convey runoff safely from the tops of slopes. • Avoid disturbing steep or unstable slopes. • Avoid disturbing natural channels. • Stabilize disturbed slopes as quickly as possible. • Vegetate slopes with native or drought tolerant vegetation. • Control and treat flmvs in landscaping and/or other controls prior to reaching existing natural drainage systems. • Stabilize temporalyand permanent channel crossings as quickly as possible, and ensure that increases in run-off velocity and frequency caused by the project do not erode the channeL • Install energy dissipaters, such as riprap, at the outlets of new stoml drains, culverts, conduits, or chrumels that enter unlined channels in accordance with applicable specifications to minimize erosion. Energy dissipaters shall be installed in such a way as to minimize impacts to receiving waters. • Line on-site conveYaIlce channels where appropriate, to reduce erosion caused by increased flow velocity due to increases in tributruy inlpervious area. The fIrSt choice for linings should be grass or some othe~ vegetative surface, since these materials not only reduce runoff velocities, but also provide water quality benefits from filtration and infiltration. If velocities in the channel are high enough to erode grass or other vegetative linings, riprap, concrete, soil cement, or geo-grid stabilization are other alternatives. • Consider other design principles that are comparable and equally effective. Redeveloping Existing Installations Various jilli.sdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (8U8MP, WQMP, etc.) define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious surlaces. The definition of« redevelopment" must be consulted to detennine whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations" above should be followed. JanuaJY 2003 California Stormwater 8M!> Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 30f4 :. SD-10 Site Design & Landscape Planning Redevelopment may present significant opportunity to add features which had not previously been implemented. Kxamples include incorporation of depressions, areas of permeable soils, and swales in newly redeveloped areas. While some site constraints may exist due to the status of already existing infrastructure, oPPoltunities should not be missed to maximize infiltratioil, slow runoff, reduce impervious areas, disconnect directly connected impervious areas. Other Resources A Manual for the Standard Urban Stann water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, May 2002. Stonnwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Washington State Department of Ecology, August 2001. Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002. ' Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft Februruy 2003. Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures, JulY.2oo2. 4of4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cahmphandbooks.com January '2003 Roof Runoff Controls Rain Garden Description Various roof runoff controls are available to address stormwater 5D-11 Design Objectives J Maximize Infiltration ./ Provide Retention ./ Slow Runoff Minimize Impervious Land Coverage Prohibit Dumping of Improper Materials ./ Contain Pollutants Collect and Convey that dr.ains off rooftops. The objective is to reduce the total volume and rate of runoff from individual lots, and retain the pollutants on site that may be picked up from roofing materjals and atmospheric deposition. Roof runoff controls consist of directing the roof runoff away from paved areas and mitigating flow to the storm drain system through one of several general. approaches: cisterns or rain barrels; dry wells or infiltration trenches; pop-up emitters, and foundation planting. The first three approaches require the roof runoff tobe'contained in a gutter and downspout system. Foundation planting provides a vegetated strip under the drip line of the roof. Approach Design of individual lots for single-family homes as well as lots for higher density residential and commercial structures should consider site design provisions for containing and infiltrating roof runoff or directing roof runoff to vegetative swales or buffer areas, Retained water can be reused for watering gardens, lawns, and trees. Benefits to the environment include reduced demand for potable water used for irrigation, improved stormwater quality, increased groundwater recharge, decreased runoff volume and peak flows, and decreased flooding potential. Suitable Applications Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for development or redevelopment. Design Considerations Designing New Installations Cisterns or Rain Barrels One method of addressing roof runoff is to direct roof downspouts to cisterns or rain barrels. A cistern is an above ground storage vessel with either a manually operated valve or a permanently open outlet. Roof runoff is temporarily stored and then released for irrigation or infiltration between storms. The number of rain January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbook.com lifornia Stormwater ' Quality AssOCiation 1 of 3 • SD-11 Roof Runoff Controls barrels needed is a function of the rooftop area. Some low impact developers recommend that every house have at least 2 rain barrels, with a minimum storage capacity of 1000 liters. Roof barrels serve several purposes including mitigating the first flush from the roof which has a high volume, amount of contaminants, and thermal load. Several types of rain barrels are commercially available. Consideration must be given to selecting rain barrels that are vector proof and childproof. In addition, some barrels are designed with a bypass valve that filters out grit and other contaminants and routes overflow to a soak-away pit or rain garden. If the cistern has an operable valve, the valve can be closed to store stormwaterfor irrigation or infiltration between storms. This system requires continual monitoring by the resident or grounds crews, but provides greater flexibility in water storage and metering. If a cistern is provided with an operable valve and water is stored inside for long periods, the cistern must be covered to prevent mosquitoes from breeding. A cistern system with a permanently open outlet can also provide for metering stormwater runoff. If the cistern outlet is significantly smaller than the size of the downspout inlet (say 1/4 to 1/2 inch diameter), runoff will build up inside the cistern during storms, and will empty out slowly after peak intensities subside. This is a feasible way to mitigate the peak flow increases caused by rooftop impervious land coverage, especially for the frequent, small storms. Dry wells and Infiltration Trenches Roof downspouts can be directed to dry wells or infiltration trenches. A dry well is constructed by excavating a hole in the ground and filling it with an open graded aggregate, and allowing the water to fill the dry well and infiltrate after the storm event. An underground connection from the downspout conveys water into the dry well, allowing it to be stored in the voids. To minimize sedimentation from lateral soil movement, the sides and top of the stone storage matrix can be wrapped in a permeable fllter fabric, though the bottom may remain open. A perforated observation pipe can be inserted vertically into the dry well to allow for inspection and maintenance. In practice, dry wells receiving runoff from single roof downspouts have been successful over long periods because they contain very little sediment. They must be sized according to the amount of rooftop runoff received, but are typically 4 to 5 feet square, and 2 to 3 feet deep, with a minimum of l-foot s.oil cover over the top (maximum depth of 10 feet). To protect the foundation, dry wells must be set away from the building at least 10 feet. They must be installed in solids that accommodate inflltration. In poorly drained soils, dry wells have very limited feasibility. Infiltration trenches function in a similar manner and would be particularly effective for larger roof areas. An infiltration trench is a long, narrow, rock-filled trench with no outlet that receives stormwater runoff. These are described under Treatment Controls. Pop-up Drainage Emitter Roof downspouts can be directed to an underground pipe that daylights some distance from the building foundation, releasing the roof runoff through a pop-up emitter. Similar to a pop-up irrigation head, the emitter only opens when there is flow from the roof. The emitter remains flush to the ground during dry periods, for ease of lawn or landscape maintenance. 2 of 3 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbook.com January 2003 • Roof Runoff Controls 5D-11 Foundation Planting Landscape planting can be provided around the base to allow increased opportunities for stormwater infiltration and protect the soll from erosion caused by concentrated sheet flow coming off the roof. Foundation plantings can reduce the physical impact of water on the soil and provide a subsurface matrix of roots that encourage infiltration. These plantings must be sturdy enough to tolerate the heavy runoff sheet flows, and periodic soil satriration. Redeveloping Existing Installations Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious surfaces. The definition of" redevelopment" must be consulted to determine whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations" above should be followed. Supplemental Information Examples • City of Ottawa's Water Links Surface -Water Quality Protection Program • City of Toronto Downspout Disconnection Program • City of Boston, MA, Rain Barrel Demonstration Program Other Resources Hager, Marty Catherine, Stormwater, "Low-Impact Development", January/February 2003. www.stormh2o.com Low Impact Urban Design Tools, Low Impact Development Design Center, Beltsville, MD. www.1id-stormwater.net Start at the Source, Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association, 1999 Edition January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbook.com 3 of 3 • • \ Efficient Irrigation SD-12 Design Objectives o Maximize Infiltration o Provide Retention o Slow Runoff Minimize Impervious land Coverage Prohibit Dumping of Improper Materials Contain Pollutants Collect and Convey Description ZSiCUCQMt!&# SUWAt hrigation water provided to landscaped areas may result in excess inigation water being conveyed into stormwater drainage systems. Approach Project plan designs for development and redevelopment should include application methods of irrigation water that minimize runoff of e.'{cess irrigation water into the stormwater conveyance system. Suitable Applications Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for development or redevelopment. (Detached residential single-family homes are typically excluded from this requirement.) Design Considerations Designing New Installations . The following methods to reduce excessive hrigation runoff should be considered~ and incorporated and implemented where determined applicable and feasible by the Permittee: • Employ rain-triggered shutoff devices to prevent inigation after precipitation. • Design irrigation systems to each landscape area's specific water requirements. • hlclude design featuring flow reducers or shutoff valves triggered by a pressure drop to control water loss in the event of broken splinkler heads or lines. • hnplement landscape plans consistent with County or City water conservation resolutions, which may include provision of water sensors, programmable h'rigation times (for short cycles), etc. f'J\ljF(~RJ\1.;\ ~r~")~j$w.~ IT.l< v~ .\.; ~: '\ '\·: .... r '{ :~:,:~:' ...• " January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 1 of 2 • • • SD-12 Efficient Irrigation • Design timing and application methods of ilrigation water to minimize the runoff of excess irrigation water into the storm water drainage system. • Group plants with similar water requirements in order to reduce excess irrigation runoff ~d promote smface filtration. Choose plants with low irrigation requirements (for example} native or drought tolerant species). Consider design features such as: Using mulches (such as wood chips or bar) in planter areas without ground cover to minimize sedinlent in rulloff Installing appropriate plant materials for the location, in accordance with amount of sunlight and climate, and use native plant materials where possible and/or as recommended by the landscape architect Leaving a vegetative barrier ?long the property boundru.y and interior watercourses, to act as a pollutant filter, where appropriate and feasible Choosing plants that minimize or eliminate the use of feltilizer or pesticides to sustain growth • Employ other comparable, equally effective methods to reduce irrigation water runoff. Redeveloping Existing Installations Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and! or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious smfaces. The definition of" redevelopment" must be consulted to determine whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations" above should be fonowed. Other Resources A Manual for the Standard Urban Storm water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, May 2002. Model Standard Urban StOlID Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, POlt of San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002. Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003. Ventura Count:y\\'ide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures, July 2002 . 2of2 California Storm water BMP Handbook New Deve!opment and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • Storm Drain Signage Description SD-13 -=""""""""""-.w"'_'="""","_~ Design Objectives Maximize Infiltration Provide Retention Slow Runoff Minimize ·Impervlous land Coverage o Prohibit Dumping of Improper Material~ Contain Pollutants Collect and Convey Waste materials dumped into storm drain inlets call have severe impacts on receiving and ground waters. Posting notices regarding discharge prohibitions at storm drain inlets can prevent waste dumping. Storm drain signs and stencils are highly visible source controls that are typically placed directly adjacent to storm drain inlets. Approach The stencil or affixed sign contains a brief statement that prohibits dumping of improper materials into the urban runoff conveyance system. Storm drain messages hav~ become a popular method of alerting the public about the effects of and the prohibitions against waste disposal. Suitable Applications Stencils and signs alert the public to the destination of pollutants discharged to the storm drain. Signs are appropriate in residential, commercial,'alld industrial areas, as well as any other area where contributions or dumping to storm drains is likely. Design Considerations Storm drain message markers or placards are recommended at all storm drain inlets 'within the boundary of a development project. The marker should be placed in clear sight facing toward anyone approaching the inlet from eitller side. All storm drain inlet locations should be identified on the development site map. Designing New InstaUations TIle following metllods should be considered for inclusion in the project design and show 011 project plans: • Provide stenciling 01' labeling of all stonn drain inlets and catch basins, constructed or modified, within tlle project area with prohibitive language. R~mples include "NO DUMPING January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com ,CAlW(.tE'>:~;\ ~';!".:)!t\.iWt\m ~}~:.\! ~"~'; ~'i',Cf . \!.~ ..... ~ 1 of 2 • • , SD-13 Storm Drai,. Signage -DRAINS TO OCEAN" and/or other graphical icons to discourage illegal dumping. • Post signs with prohibitive language and/or graphical icons, which prohibit illegal 'dumping at public access points along channels and creeks within the project area. Note -Sonie local agencies have approved specific signage and/or stann drain message placards for use. Consult local agency storm water staff to determine specific requirements for placard types and methods of application. Redev~loping Eristing Installations . Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP 1 WQMP, etc.) defme "redevelopment" in tenns of amounts of additional impervious area, increaSes in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities 'with structural or impervious sUlfaces. If the project meets the definition of "redevelopment", then the requirements stated under" designing new installations" above should be included in all project design plans. Additional Information Maintenance Considerations • Legibility of markers and signs should be maintained. If required by the agenCY'with jurisdiction over the project, the o'wner/ operator or homeowner's association should enter into a maintenance agreement with the agency or record a deed restriction upon the propel'ty title to maintain the legtbility of placards or signs. Placement • Signage on top of curbs tends to weather and fade. • Signage 01.1 face of curbs tends to be worn by contact with vehicle tires and sweeper brooms. Supplemental Information Examples • Most MS4 programs have stann drain signage programs. Some MS4 programs will provide stencils, or arrange for volunteers to stencil storm drains as part of their outreach program. Other Resources A Manual for the Standru'd Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles CoUlity Department of Public Works, May 2002. Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002. Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003. Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stonnwater Quality Control Measures, July 2002. 2of2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 ~'1 I • k-________ ~~ __________ ~~~~!.~A~D BLOCK WAU. PER CIlY OF CARLSBAD ___ A MASONRY FENCE DETAlL(BID-7) r---, r-1----I--, IC -,")(,,-,",,) 1 i RECYCMBLEI i IL_..BIN._..J I I I' 1---., ............ 11'-"") 1'-",,)1 " II II iL-..J L_.J: L-,----r---' '-___ oJ r---, r-'----,-.., 1 I .) 1 1 " .... .:il"II"ii':,;nr. (lYP.) i : !I+-O.5" (TYP.) I I I I ----~ I I REFUSE TRUCK I I LOADING APPROACH L_~ __ -:"'~j_-' 65-15.0' MIN. TYPE B -DRIVE AND LOAD SIDE APPROACH ~ ______ ~~~~~l __________ ~C~AA C~AR O~RHEAD TO 25.0 FT.(MIN.) HEIGHT SECTIONA·A c O~RHEAD TO 13.S'(MIN.) HEIGfiT REFUSE BIN ENCLOSURE FOR 3 CUBIC YARDS BINS --1 --I SECTION 8-8 C1lY I I I I I SUPPLEMENTAL GS 16 STANDARD NO. - NOTES: 1. LOCA 1l0N OF REFUSE BIN ENCLOSURES SHALL BE APPROVED BY THE PLANNING DIRECTOR AND THE CITY ENGINEER. ENCLOSURE SHALL BE OF SIMILAR COLORS AND lOR MATERIALS AS THE PROJECT TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE PLANNING DIRECTOR. 2. THE ENCLOSURE SLAB AND LOADING AREA SHALL BE LEVEL IN ORDER TO F ACILITA TE TIiE ROLLING OF BINS FOR LOADING POSIllONING. 3. GATES SHALL BE MOUNTED SO THAT THEY SWING FULLY OPEN WlTIi NO PROTRUSION INTO TIiE PATIi OF THE BIN. THE GATES SHALL HAVE CHAINS, HOOKS OR PIN STOPS AT THEIR FULL OPEN POSIllON TO HOLD TIiEM OPEN. 4. ALL GATE CONNECTION LATCHES, SECURING BOLTS, FRAMING, AND HINGES SHALL BE HEAVY DUTY TYPE AND PAINTED OR TREATED AGAINST CORROSION. 5. GATE MATERIALS TO BE APPROVED BY PLANNING DIRECTOR. 6. POSIllVE DRAINAGE AWAY FROM TIiE ENCLOSURE AND LOADING AREAS SHALL BE PROVIDED AND MAINTAINED. . 7. ALTERNATIVE CONFIGURATION AND LOCATION OF TIiE ACCESS WAY MAY BE ACCEPTABLE ON A CASE BY CASE BASIS PROVIDED NO PORTION OF THE TRASH BINS ARE DIRECTLY VISIBLE TO TIiE PUBLIC. a. LOADING AND ENCLOSURE AREA DRAINAGE SHALL BE INDEPENDENT AND DRAINED TOWARDS AN APPROVED SITE BMP. 9. DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS SHALL INCORPORATE TIiE REQUIREMENTS OF THE "MODEL ORDINANCE OF TIiE CALIFORNIA INTEGRA TED WASTE MANAGEMENT BOARD RELATING TO AREAS FOR COLLECTING AND LOADING RECYCLABLE MATERIALS". 10. AREAS FOR RECYCLING SHALL BE ADEQUATE IN CAPACITY, NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION TO SERVE THE DEVELOPMENT WHERE THE PROJECT OCCURS. 11. RECYCLING AREAS SHALL BE SECURED TO PREVENT THE TIiEFT OF RECYCLABLE MA TERIALS BY UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS WHILE ALLOWING AUTHORIZED PERSONS ACCESS FOR DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS. 12. RECYCLING AREAS OR THE BINS AND CONTAINERS PLACED THEREIN MUST PROVIDE PROTECTION AGAINST SEVERE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDIllONS WHICH MIGHT RENDER THE COLLECTED MATERIALS UNMARKETABLE. 13. A SIGN CLEARLY IDENTIFYING ALL RECYCLING AND SOLID WASTE COLLECTION AND LOADING AREAS AND THE MATERIALS ACCEPTED THEREIN SHALL BE' POSTED ADJACENT TO ALL POINTS OF ACCESS TO THE RECYCLING AREAS. 14. EACH RECYCLING AREA WITHIN A MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT SHALL BE NO GREATER THAN 250 FEET FROM EACH LIVING UNIT. CITY ENGINEER OF 2 6-04 REFUSE BIN ENCLOSURE FOR 3 CUBIC YARDS BINS SUPPLEMENTAL GS 16-STANDARD NO. -.. . I: r';;- 1 r ,- ·-:... . .t. ", ,.~ ., : , , --'! -. ' -'. j , , "-j • _1 . -.) '\: / .vl "~=-:; : , .-1 -i j 'j " , , ·,. ",NOT connected to sanitary sewer :systems and treatment plants? The .::";'·':p·rimary purpose of storm drains is to ':j' , carry rainwater away from developed :.:~ ·~reas·to prevent flooding. Untreated " '. ;:' :;'storm water and the pollutants it ~;::. :6arries flow directly into creeks, . ::i·· .. ~ .. iagoons and the ocean. .... : . In recent years, sources of water "\?:':~~ollution like industrial waters tom ;:,::,:'factories have been greatly reduced. ':.-:.; . ,'However, now the majority of water '\:p:ollution occurs from things like cars " :::::·:teaking oil, fertilizers from farms and ~t::' . ':: ~,:'. ;.·x"····."'~'~":~ardens, failing septic tanks, pet waste }~nd residential car washing into the ,·:.~\9rm drains and into the ocean and '';':''~''"'''''.;:'''' ;. All these sources add up to a pollution >\~rcproblem! But each of us can do our ~ ... c.:;J( ;,partto help clean up our water and )J : that adds up to a pollution .solution! :.:,,,,,: ' ... ~ Car washin courtesy of Quality Con cooperative between State Ecology, Kin the cities of Seattle and I'. no problem with washing your :: :t,ar. It's just how and where you do it. , ... = ',:-Most soap contains phosphates and "'::'guier chemicals that harm fish and i}wa:ter quality. The soap, together with dirt, metal and oil washed from ,car, flows into nearby storm .v:" ';~rCljn~ which run directly into lakes, ;':iri\:/~r~' or marine waters. ,. phosphates from the soap can excess algae to grow. Algae bad, smell bad, and harm water 'd"il!:llih/. As algae decay, the process up oxygen in the water that fish ,;:, .. ~o I: .... .r~'t?t:" ... i.-:.~~: .. : ,J.. • 0 '0 0 ° o 00 0 o o (-. • How can YOU help keep the environment clean? a clean environment nt'nrim!:lnl importance for and economy. soap sparingly. \ a hose nozzle with a trigger to your bucket of soapy water the sink when you're done, not street. ;~£,!,\yola using engine and wheel ~i~~ners or degreasers. your Car to a. commercial car ,;'especially if you plan to clean the engine or the bottom of your car. Most car washes reuse wash water several times before sending it to the sewer system for treatment. • Hire only mobile detail operators that will capture wash water and chemicals. It is unlawful for commercial vehicle washing operators to allow wash water to enter the storm drain system. (. iEI me(UO ambiente es importante para todos! lSabfa usted que las alcantarillas y los desagOes pluviales NO estim conectados al sistema de drenaje sanitario 0 a la planta de tratamiento de aguas? Los drenajes pluviales estim diseiiados para remover el agua pluvial (lluvia) de las areas urbanas y prevenir inundaciones. EI sistema de alcantarillado no incluye ningun tipo de tratamiento y por 10 tanto acarrea el agua pluvial y los contaminantes con los que tiene contacto directamente a los arroyos, lagunas y eloceano. En los ultimos aiios la contaminacion que anteriormente originaba de las fabricas e industrias ha sido reducida. Ahora, la contaminacion al medio ambiente y a nuestros arroyos, lagunas y el oceano origina de los automoviles que gotean aceite y liquid os, del uso de fertilizantes en tierras agrfcolas y jardines, de tanques septicos defectuosos, del lavadb de automoviles en residencias, agua .sucia de restaurantes. y los desechos de animales domesticos los cuales son acarreados por la lIuvia a los alcantarillados y despues a los arroyos, lagunas y el oceano. ila contaminacion originada por estas actividades crea un problema para todos i. nosotros! iPero cada uno de nosotros puede tomar pequeiios pasos .para !?olucionar este problema y esa es nuestra meta! •• \{\ the Sf. ~~ or/); ~ .<, ~ & ..... t: ~. o :l en 'E '0 ~ ~ '? ~ ~ n~ ~t& . ~ ..... .,. Protec\\o Ciudad de Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad CA 92008 Linea de Asistencia: 760-602-2799 stormwater@ci.carlsbad.ca.us R£CYC ~E. USE!) OiL l~Printed.on recycled paper Funded by a grant from the California Integrated Waste Management Board I," • '>_. , ,- ,,c' ::::. Ta I:~I e re:s 'dl~'):::::~;)"i; ::~1 ~td,:,~"'.·:· •. ~e·~~ i Ci·~·.Y •• ,.: "n~"3~ ~~'/:' .. i,: .: 'Reparaci61i'" .;.;:.<::.:":'" !;~~:~k:::; .. : .. ', . . ,: : .. : :<:~.;:.~': (~;~ ~;":d:"!· .. d·e Automovl·1 .. :.:.~.: ... ' ~{?l<:::~;' ': ~\::,,:: .. Metodos y Buenos Hcibitos Los servicios de automotriz y los talleres mecanicos de reparacion contribuyen a la tempestad de contaminacion de agua a traves del uso de practicas de limpieza inadecuadas que permiten que el aceite, grasas, limpiadores, basura y otros contaminantes circulen en las calles, alcantarillas y desagues. Los contaminantes depositados en superficies como estacionamientos y los caminos de entrada son arrastrados por el agua de la lIuvia al sistema de desague. Estas descargas contaminan nuestros oceanos, arroyos y lagunas. Ademas esta prohibido por la ley. Debajo hay unas recomendaciones de las mejores practicas de administracion para servicios de automotriz y talleres mecanicos de reparacion. Opere en un taller limpio y seco • Barra, trapee y aspire los pisos de su taller con frecuencia. • Designe are.as especificas para la limpieza de partes. • Limpie inmediatamente cualquier derrame. • Mantenga trapos, productos de limpieza y productos absorQentes accesibles en todas las . areas de trabajo. • Use lavabos y baldes cuando limpie con productos que sean solubles. • NUNCA barra 0 derroche desperdiciQs en las cQladeras de sanitarios 0 alcantarillas de desague. Proteja sus alcantarillas ubicadas en. su propiedad • Sefiale todas las entradas de las alcantarillas de.su propiedad .. • Inspeccione sus alcantarillas periodicamente que no tengan escombros. QUite todo escombro y pongalo en la basura. • Periodicamente barra y aspire los estacionamientos y las areas de trabajo. • NUNCA use la manguera como metodo de arrastrar 0 limpiar un area y tambien evite el usa de sopladores que solo acumulan residuo. Prevenga derrames y goteras • Use recipientes para goteras y trapos debajo del vehiculo, cuando haga trabajos de motor. • Evite hacer reparaciones 0 trabajar en areas exteriores que esten expuestas a la lIuvia • Vacie los liquidos de los vehiculos que esten goteando 0 que esten descompuestos 10 mas pronto posible. • Transfiera rapidamente los liquid os a un deposito disefiado. • Deposite los liquidos de gran vOlumen, liquidos usados y baterias en un lugar controlado para prevenir derrames. La manera apropiada para deshacerse del agua sucia • La agua coli jabon 0 aceite de su lavado de vehiculo debe ·ser depositada con una bomba de sistema de desague y tal vez sea necesario la instalacion de un separador de agua y aceite. • Si el agua suci~ de sus instalaciones no cuenta con un sistema de drenaje de sanidad, entonces, debe recoger y lIevar el agua para que sea depositada en un lugar adecuado fuE;!ra de ahi. • NUNCA deje que el agua sucia entre a los desagues. La manera apropiada para deshacerse de componentes peligrosos • Siga todos los requisitos para deshacerse de componentes peligrosos. • Recu~rde que los aceites y componentes absorbentes saturado de soluble deben ser tratados como desperdicios peligrosos. • Asegurese que los envases solidos de desperdicio esten en buenas condiciones y que esten seguros contra vientos, derrames y otros elementos. Proteja trabajos exteriores y areas de almacen • Si el trabajo 0 el almacen de materiales debe hacerse afuera, asegure la area para atrapar contaminantes en una area limitada y aSimismo, protejase de la lIuvia. • Si tiene un desague exterior que este conectado a una alcantarilla de sanidad, cubra el area para prevenir que la lIuvia entre al sistema de alcantarilla. Entrenamiento de empleados • Use signos para sefialar las alcantarillas disefiadas para los desagues de la lIuvia. • Asegurese que todos los empleados sepan las ubicaciones de las alcantarillas disefiadas para los desagues de la lIuvia en la propiedad. • Eduque a sus empleados sobre la mejor manera de limpiar derrames y como prevenir que los contaminantes entren a las a Icantarillas. Practique la disminucion de· desperdicios y recicle • Recicle aceites y filtros de motor. • Acumule todo aceite usado en recipientes con tapaderas bien apretadas. No mezcle diferentes liquidos de motor. • Reutilice el agua usada en los lavados de radiador.es en prueba. /. In the City of Carlsbad, storm drains flow directly into local creeks, lagoons and the ocean without treatment. Storm water pollution is a serious problem for our natural environment and for people who live near streams or wetlands. Storm water poll ution comes from a variety of sources including oil, fuel, and fluids, from vehicles and heavy equipments, pesticide runoff from landscaping, and from materials such as concrete and mortar from construction activities. The City of Carlsbad is committed to improving water quality and reducing the amount of pollutants that enter our precious waterways. ,/. A Word About UBiodegradable" Soaps "Biodegradable" is a popular marketing term that can be misleading. Because a product is labeled as biodegradable doesn't mean that it is non-toxic. Some products are more toxic than others, but none are harmless to aquatic life. Soapy water entering the storm drain system can impact an aquatic environment within hours. .~\'{\ the Sf. ~~ o~0 ~ " '~2 ~ .A t::: ,m V o )t.'r't*lo,;, ~, ~~ l;:. .. (fJ ,,~~i: '::l ~ ~.- 9. E '? IE L.. . ~ _~ ~o l"sr ~q, Protec\\o City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 Storm Water HOTline: 760-602-2799 stormwater@ci.car.Jsbad.ca.us March ,7003 What is Power Washing? Power washing is any activity that uses a water pressure system, including steam cleaning, to clean vehicles, equipment, sidewalks, buildings, dumpsters, or other impervious surfaces. In addition to water, detergents, degreasers and other products may be used in commercial power What9s the Problem with Power Washing? Did you know that storm drains are NOT connected to sanitary sewer systems or treatment plants? The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rainwater away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Wash water from power washing activities may contain significant quantities of oil and grease, chemicals, dirt, and detergents that could end up in our creeks, lagoons and the ocean. Disposing of these materials into storm drains causes serious ecological problems-and is PROHIBITED by law. Best Management Practices Best Management Practices or BMPs a,re procedures that help to prevent pollutants from entering our storm drains. Each of us can do our part to keep storm water clean. Using BMPs adds up to a pollution Use, Dry Clean-up Methods • Instead of pressure washing, determine what alternative dry methods are available. • Use mops, brooms, rags or wire brushes to clean pavement, buildings and equipment as much as possible. • Use vacuums or other machines to remove and collect loose debris before applying water. Location, Location, Locationl • Prior to any washing, block all storm drains with an impervious barrier such as sandbags or berms, or seal the storm drain with plugs or rubber mats. • Wash vehicles and equipment on grassy or gravel areas so that the wash water can seep into the ground. • Create a containment area with berms and tarps or take advantage of a low spot to keep wash water contained. • Check that the wash water is not leaking thfOugh and add more berms or barriers to contain the wash water. Just Enough for the Jobl • Minimize water use by using high pressure, low volume nozzles. • Use the minimal amount and least toxic detergents and degreasers you will need to complete the job. Try phosphate free detergents. • Use a mop or rags to clean heavily soiled areas before power washing. Only Rain in the Storm Drainl • Do not wash equipment or vehicles outdoors on saturated ground or on days when rain is probable. • Pump or vacuum up ~ wash water in . the contai ned area. • With property owners permission, pump or pour the wash water to the sanitary sewerthrough an interior building drain, sink, or private sewer clean-out. Discharges to the sewer must meet requirements of the Encina Wastewater Authority (760) 438-3941, and should not contain hazardous materials, excessive grease, grit, or any material that could clog piping. • Sediments and other solids that remain on the ground should be swept or vacuumed up immediately before 'they are washed into the storm system. W' ': 01"""'"' iBlrdi\\\GiJ&''l!: . , '~'i"" , 1:~,%«$0'¥ t"",,;,~ ;"f',<!f.T~!""",;t''}~tt.L "", ~ I,<;><~ '" ~""" "0>0, ~m ~.rie'~A~rAj· ·'\.HWA:·me£171i,m~ "4, ' W " %1 ' ~ '~~~\'~'!~'''~J{~":fR't'l'~i > < ;W>4~~.iItI'~ 7 LI!\ LA~ ,~,"'lZOO"~"'" EiJi%~%li QY~Q~c;.~-~J0~~ f:/./:~t;~;i~ ;~~~~;¥~ .'·u· v; .... . ;', .) .. ,"" I. , ..... . , ~"~::' .. : .'.," ':: ~r '. A clean environment is important to all of us! Did you know that storm drains are NOT connected to sanitary sewer systems and treatment plants? The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rainwater away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Untreated storm water and the pollutants it carries, flow directly into creeks, lagoons and the ocean. In recent years, sources of water pollution like industrial waters from factories have been greatly reduced. However now, the majority of water pollution occurs from things like cars leaking oil, fertilizers from farms, lawns and gardens, failing septic tanks, pet waste and residential car washing into the storm drains and into the ocean and waterways. All these sources add up to a pollution problem! But each of us can do small things to help clean up our water and that adds up to a pollution solution! i,'. (;? .~.: "..'. ' .. ··,{~~:;~~~V r:. Motor oil photo is used courtesy of the Water Quality Consortium, a cooperative venture between the Washington State Department of Ecology, King County and the cities of Bellevue, Seattle and Tacoma. .' /~t;~ :hi:-'.'i(.\ ··"' ... ··V Rain in the Storm Drain! City of Carlsbad Storm Water Protection Program City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad CA 92008 Storm Water HOTline: 760-602-2799 Funded by a grant from the California Integrated Waste RECYCLE Management Board ~ .. ~ .. ~.~'-, ... 2.~2: l~Printed on recycled paper V;Ra]~li~~~:8~~~~~:ft; ~;~ , '}',';- ,.,:" ,,', :" ":;. .,' ,:, l , ~. ... '; , .... ," :" l ~, " __ ,:-, 1"1- (. What's the problem with motor oil? Oil does not dissolve in water. It lasts a long time and sticks to everything from beach sand to bird feathers. Oil and other petroleum products are toxic to people, wildlife and plants. One pint of oil can make a slick larger than a football field. Oil that leaks from our cars onto roads and driveways is washed into storm drains, and then usually flows directly to a creek or lagoon and finally to the ocean. Used motor oil is the largest single source of oil pollution in our ocean,. creeks and lagoons. Americans spill 180 million gallons of used oil each year into our waters. This is 16 times the a.mount spilled by the Exxon Valdez in Alaska. , :\:;~t;@W~ 1"~~,:i:;·,1,(:< ~, ';-", ~~~ "; , ".~: ' C, " t l"", , .' ,) ~ r::'~"· .' . (. • '5.",:' How can YOU help keep our environment clean? .. " :.:',', .. ~~.: . ~~. >:'. Having a clean environment ;:',,:' " ::. is of primary importance for ," " our health and economy. . " > ;. .. \.... Clean waterways provide , ' ;."::' ;. ... ~, ,~. '1' • : : ~ . ~.~" commercial opportunities, recreation, fish habitat and add beauty to our landscape. YOU can help .,. keep our ocean, creeks and :: .. :::'. . lagoons clean by applying ::: :.: .. " .. ::':. the .following tips: :' ::.:::.: :,.''',,< ':..:. • Stop drips. Check for oil ; +~:;:.::,:.:. leaks regularly and fix them :,.'; ·:r .'. promptly. Keep your car tuned to ~-, '~'" . . :' ::;' '~." .' reduce oil use. ;~/ .:: ' ;:, . :' . .:~," '5.'," A.' ;. ," .',: • Use ground cloths or drip pans beneath your vehicle if you have leaks t·'·.: .:;: .. :: or are doing engine work. !:': ': ',: <'.; ., .. : .... :. • Clean up spills immediately. ;:::~.: ... ".' 'Collect all used oil in containers with ~.'+;:: ".:.-, :ti9ht fitting lids. Do not mix different ~.:':;:',:;:': ..... engine fluids. ?,,, .,' '~ "~~/: .... ~t " • When you change your oil, ,~, dispose of it properly. Never dispose of oil or other engine fluids down the storm drain, on the ground or into a ditch. • Recycle used motor oil. There are several locations in Carlsbad that accept used motor oil. For hours and locations, call 760-434-2980. • Buy recycled ("refined") motor oil to use in your car. A Cleo-n Environment-is Important to All of Usl In the City of Carlsbad, storm drains flow directly into local creeks, lagoons and the ocean without treatment. Storm water pollution is a serious problem for our natural environment and for people who live near streams or wetlands. Storm water pollution comes from a variety of sources including oil, fuel, and fluids, from vehicles and heavy equipment, pesticide runoff from landscaping, and from materials such as concrete, mortar and soil from construction activities. The City of Carlsbad is committed to improving water quality and reducing the amount of pollutants that enter our precious waterways. (-. • :<,\{\ the Sf. /l-~ 01: ,_ -0 ~ 3<) t:: ..... o ca· CJ) :') ~ .-- 9. E ~ ~ % f.,.,0t::iJ i'&r ~q, Protec\\O Storm Water Protection Program stormwater@ci.carlsbad.ca.us 760-602-2799 City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 l~Prinled on recycled paper Ifs All Just Water, Isn§t It? Although we enjoy the fun and relaxing times in them, the water us~d in swimming pools and spas can cause problems for our creeks, lagoons and the ocean if not disposed of properly. When you drain your swimming pool, fountain or spa to the street, the high concentrations of chlorine and other chemicals found in the water flows directly to our storm drains. Did you know that these storm drains are NOT connected to sanitary sewer systems and treatment plants? The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rainwater away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Improperly disposing of swimming pool and spa water into storm drains may be harmful to the environment. Best Management Practices Best Management Practices or-BMPs are procedures that help to prevent pollutants like chlorine and sediment from entering our storm drains. Each of us can do our part to keep storm water clean. USing BMPs adds up to a pollution solution! How Do I Get Rid of Chlorine? Pool and spa water may be discharged to the storm drain if it has been properly dechlorinated and doesn't contain other chemicals. The good news is that chlorine naturally dissipates over time. Monitor and test for chlorine levels in the pool over a period of 3 to 5 days. Drain the water before algae starts to grow. Consider hiring a professional pool service company to clean your pool, fountain, or spa and make sure they dispose of the water and solids properly. For more information about discharging wastewater to the sanitary sewer, please contact the Encina Wastewater Authority at (760) 438- 3941. Before you discharge your swimming pool or spa water to the storm drain, the water: • Must not contain chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, acid, or any other chemicals. • Can not carry debris or vegetation. • Should h~ve an acceptable pH of 7-8. • Can not contain algae or harmful bacteria (no "green" present). • Flow must be controlled so that it does not cause erosion problems. Pool Filters Clean filters over a lawn or other landscaped area where the discharge can be absorbed. Collect materials on filter cloth and dispose into the trash. Diatomaceous earth cannot be discharged into the street or storm drain systems. Dry it out as much as possible, bag it in plastic and dispose into the trash. Acid Washing Acid cleaning wash water is NOT allowed into the storm drains. Make sure acid washing is done in a proper and safe manner that is not harmful to people or the environment. It may be discharged into t~e sanitary sewer through a legal sewer connection after the pH has been adjusted to no lower than 5.5 and no higher than 11. Do the Job Rightl • Use the water for irrigation. Try draining de-chlorinated pool water gradually onto a landscaped area. Water discharged to landscape must not cross property lines and must not produce runoff. • Do not use copper-based algaecides. Control algae with chlorine or other alternatives to copper-based pool chemicals. Copper is harmful to the aquatic environment. • During pool construction, contain ALL materials and dispose of properly. Materials such as cement, Gunite, mortar, and sediment must not be discharged into the storm drains. · "::~H~~::?:':' ('. connected to sanitary sewer , .and treatment plants? The , ~: primary purpose of storm drains is to 'it~~,: ~r.~ rainwater away from developed "':'~a~e~~ to prevent flooding. Untreated ·lf~:.~~~i·~:':·:,st9.fm water and the pollutants it .~j3,:-~t~~;~:~· ,::::' ,;', . ~"'2;:-:~i'Y, :',~carries .• flow directly into creeks, :r~:<,~,;.~~':"~~'~:;: ~ "", . :~:,:{.;>y::y,: :"Iagoons and the ocean ~~fj?{i~.'·: " -:'.' . , . ::;J;S.;:;~;·::'::ln.recent years, sources of water ~~\..~.,<~:,.;:. ,:.'.:> ':':': ~~;'~}{)(p~U~,ti.on Uke industrial waters from '::':;;";.;:;:f:!:)·;.·:f~cto~ie~.have been greatly reduced. ~(§~"::'. ~":' .,,~: ,", . . ... ,"~:,,':.;,L;J;pwever now, the majority of water i~~~Fj~~1141iO~' '~ccurs from things like cars ):':~{t;~j;~f~aking ojl, fertilizers from farms and t~lM~rg~idens: 'failing septic tanks, pet waste ~:}?!\~~~d;,;residential car washing into the ~'\':~) ., :;).~. "" :. '~k·t'?storm drains and into the ocean and ;!?l~::::j\f:?~/~::"/:'~' : .. '~i;';<' ,"/w.at~fIN~Ys. ;;~~J~?';':"~'<:'::, .. : "/j. ~)~ "~An these sources add up to a pollution ;~~~~~~bblem! :Sut each of us can do small i\iR\"~fr:~~:~~;t6ings, to; help clean up our water and ,,~. ~. ':. ~:~,,:.: ',' . i~i;:·~1:(;3.::;..;;:th~b~dds,up to ,a pollution solution! ~~1!~~:/ ~.~::;~~~(;. .. . ~.~ i. Pet waste photo is used courtesy of the Water Quality Consortium, a cooperative venture between the Washington State Department of Ecology, King County and the cities of Bellevue, Seattle and Tacoma. \{\ the Sto~ ~~ "'.A ~ '~ " ~ ~. -0 ;J ~ .-o E (J) ~ '0 !:!j .... ~ ~ « ~ '0<::-&;\'I(~I' Protec\~ Storm Water HOTline: 760-602-2799 stormwater@ci.carlsbad.ca.us City .of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad CA 92008 www.ci.carlsbad.ca.us '!\ l...-)Printed on recycled paper ,::,,/. is a health risk to pets and ;··~~~/De.()ple, especially children. It's a ii~", ... ,..", i~ our neighborhoods. Pet ~wa.~te)sfull of bacteria that can make >:'<?pe6ple sick. This bacteria gets ;;~~:g~h:6rl :into the storm drain and ends creeks, lagoons and ocean. 19'"bacteria ends up in shellfish living 'water bodies. People who ·shellfish may get very sick. mlnary studies show that dog and ii:1l-.Wi:1~lt:: Gan contribute up to 25% of ',. 'bacteria found in our local and clean up after :It's as easy as 1-2-3! >i,:g~:~;f;t: :6i~an it up. . . . , .::~.: :Dispose of waste '::,properly in toilet or . :'~':itrastl. I. • How can YOU help keep the environment clean? clean environment J:\~'nrlmQ~' .importance for economy. ~~(r.waterways provide '~~'~~~r;i~1 opportunities, . habitat and 1\~~I:}:ut:n .. creeks. lagoons by , ,driveways and tn'Ar:n~rQ surfaced areas. Never ose:ioet. waste into the street or The best way to dispose of pet waste is to flush it down the toilet because it gets treated by a sewage treatment plant. . Other disposal methods for pet waste include sealing it in a bag and placing in trash or burying small quantities in your yard to decompose. Be sure to keep it away from vegetable gardens . •• know that storm drains are connected to sanitary sewer :J:;.v!'.:tAm!'.: and treatment plants? purpose of storm drains :::'i'{:?~.:q~v~lopeo areas to prevent flooding. Infrc""t .. rl storm water and the ,,P.U1lULi:lIIll:i it carries, flow directly into ,." ~r:~,eks, lagoons and the ocean. ~~~t~;;:;~· ~:~cent years, sources of water ~~~~::P.91iu·tiQn like industrial waters from ijii:~:'factories have been greatly reduced. v.'-;"';.«'-'" :,' '~it';§~,B:owever now, the majority of water ~~~{p~I!Jt,iO~ occurs from things like cars ·~t,·-;\>· 'V ':'_ ,s-:",. . 1~~_1.;~;I~aklj'ig;()i1, fertilizers from farms and iNS:':;~':; :::,' I,wt:,{ly';g~rq~ns, failing septic tanks, pet '~l~:f;V!a~te ,and residential car washing into (.,,~ ,1<,{;'. • '\, ' f~~~~~0:i~~:~torm drains and into the ocean 'il,d'waterways. {,';.:,: . ;W:these sources add up to a pollution 'pblem! But each of us can do small ings to help clean up our water and ,. ',('1J.·i~;r, ',I \1,0::r?th?(add,sup to a pollution solution! !1~~:: What's the problem with fertilizers and pesticides? Fertilizer isn't a problem-IF it's used carefully. If you use too much fertilizer or apply it at the wrong time, it can easily wash off your lawn or garden into storm drains and then flow untreated into lakes or streams. Just like in your garden, fertilizer in lagoons and streams makes plants grow. In water bodies, extra ilrtilizer can mean extra algae and aquatic plant growth. Too much algae harms water quality and makes boating, fishing and swimming unpleasant. As algae decay, they use up oxygen in the water that fish and other wildlife need. (. Fertilizer photo is used courtesy of the Water Quality Consortium, a cooperative venture between the Washington State Department of Ecology, King County and the cities of Bellevue, Seattle and Tacoma. .~\'(\the Sf, # 0 ... ", ~", ~~ o '~ ~. ~ ~. 2-c:. '" E ~ G % ',,~ ~fi\ ",' r ProteC\\O" Storm Water HOTline: 760-602-2799 stormwater@ci.carlsbad.ca.us City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad CA 92008 www.ci.carlsbad.ca.us l~Printed on recycled paper • '~. a' clean environment is of ~j);;;:nrim::l'i'v importance for our health and Clean waterways provide ~r.tin\mArC!i::l1 opportunities, recreation, and add beauty to our ~4~t;\d$cape. YOU can help keep our '~'~ ,~;r;. • ~~~t~reekl?, lagoons and ocean clean by ,\,(,.;:,.", . !.<'.',f'>.:Inniliirin the following tips: ".;,: ~t:n.iy'{';11;l yard waste or start your own [:''''n~nn~t pile. ;~~:':jrriQation, soaker hoses or micro- system and water early in the 'ip'~§ystem, consider adjusting your ~;)~j:ltA;inn method to a cycle and session into 5 minute intervals allowing water to soak in before the next application. • Keep irrigation systems well- maintained and water only when needed to save money and prevent over-watering. • Use fertilizers and pesticides sparingly. • Have your soil tested to determine the nutrients needed to maintain a healthy lawn. • Consider using organic fertilizers- they release nutrients more slowly. • Leave mulched grass clippings on the lawn to act as a natural fertilizer. '~ • Use pesticides only when absolutely necessary. Use the least toxic product intended to target a specific pest, such as insecticidal soaps, boric acid, etc. Always read the label and use only as directed. • Use predatory insects to control harmful pests when possible. • Properly dispose of unwanted pesticides and fertilizers at Household Hazardous Waste collection facilities. For more information on landscape irrigation, please call 760-438-2722. Master Gardeners San Diego County has a Master Gardener program through the University of , California Cooperative Extension. Master • Gardeners can provide good inform~ti9ti.r;~Ar0:i;.1 about dealing with specific pest~':~naJ!.i~~ Gardener Hotline at tlOtl-tJl:I4-;::~tlU,OU questions. Information from Ma&t~r"'{. Gardeners is free to the public.: ':; r, . • :~:~:\ .. ,,~>;, J' i~n media ambiente lim pia es importante para tad as! : ~"}\ ' : ' :·:~:tSabfa usted que los desagi.ies de ,: ... : lIuvia 6 alcantarillas no estan ';;; ;,~qnectadas al sistema de drenaje :; ~ '~anjtario 6 a las plantas de tratamiento ?·'.':de aguas negras? ,{':l\' .:', !\'.La:funci6n principal del desague o las :~/ 'aleantarillas es remover el agua de lIuvia y >tasl. evitar inundaciones. EI agua que entra {.;<en.ios desagues va directamente a los ~:c:'a~royos, lagos y el oceano junto con la ~, :,:oontaminacion depositada en las \';:,'alcantarillas y las calles. ~:;:;EIJ·estos dias la contaminacion del agua :< ~usada directamente POf fabricas e ;::':-]ridustrias se ha reducido :·:;:jsi.9l1ificantemente. Ahora la mayoria de la L:; eontaminacion del agua origina de carros f:):tu~.tira.n aceite, el sobre uso de i;::J~t:tiliiantes para plantas, tanques ~~(septicos dafiados, suciedad de ani males y ?~:.;Iavadode carros en zonas residenciales. <'-<Todos'estos contaminantes se acumulan ' ;J::,~ri 10$ desagiles 0 alcantarillados y son ~,;:"acarreados directamente al oceano i<;~';cuanqo lIueve. "x~J.,.j-:: '. . '. I:::En:suma todos contribuimos a un gran ;::;;li.probll:inia de contaminacion. jPero cada r:~l:,:urio'<ie nosotros puede hacer algo para ')?ilimpiar·el agua y participar en la solucion ;:'f:,:aiia:contaminacion! tt·:::'·. . ~\.:',: ::;,;: l.Cufil es el problema creado por el uso de fertilizantes y pesticidas? EI fertilizante no es un problema 81 se usa con cuidado. Usar un exceso de fertilizante 0 en la temporada incorrecta resulta en el que el fertilizante se deslave con la lIuvia y se vaya por el desague 0 alcantarillas a nuestros arroyos, lagos y eloceano. Los fertilizantes en nuestros lagos y arroyos hacen que las plantas crezcan, tal como en el jardin. Pero en el oceano el fertilizante causa que las algas y plantas acuaticas sobrecrezcan. Y el exceso de algas marinas pueden ser dafiinas a la calidad del agua y causar que la pesca, natacion y navegacion sean desagradables. AI echarse a perder las algas consumen el oxigeno del agua que los peces y otros ani males necesitan para sobrevivir. " .• La fotografia al frente es cortesia del Consorcio de Calidad de Agua, en cooperacion con el Departamento Ecologico del Estado de Washington, el Condado de King, y las ciudades de Bellevue, Seattle y Tacoma. .~\~thest. ~~ Or~ .g. , ,iq, o :.';',.I!o' w ~~:!. o ",' E ~ ~ % n .. r¥ re ~' rprotec(\o Linea de Asistencia: 760·602·2799 stormwater@ci.carlsbad.ca.u5 Ciudad de Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad CA 92008 www.ci.carlsbad.ca.us l~Prinled on recycled paper • • (~0.~;';':::: ; l~tNtr·' .. ; iUsted puede ayudar a mantener nuestro media ambiente limpio! H';2',-"':"" ::~:-.:J~~~fener el medio ambiente limpio es >;~Ill.uY· importante para nuestra salud y la ~'::;' ~c6nomia. Conservar el agua limpia F~'pr:QPorc;iona oportunidades para usos 2""cqirierciales, recreativos, habitat para '(:.pe.ces y aves, y agrega belleza a ~~}ot.ie~tro paisaje. Todos podemos ayudar 5:i~::a,mantener los arroyos, las lagunas, yel 5k~:j)Ceano Iimpios sencillamente siguiendo :S;;"estos consejos: ~('~;~~:"';., . ;~~'~'::?AI Qarrer 0 usar maquinas '~>« sopladoras no permita que las hojas ?;~.:. : .. :. : ~e.arbol y el cesped recien cortado >s<,.:i; ',,1\ " • ·;:'r';"'::'::i~tren .. en las alcantanllas 0 el ~.;:;,::: .. desague. :ijft{:::: 1~~~::~":;:';Es preferible, convertir estos f.it~~'(:\d~sperdicios del jardin en abono. ;{'~fi:t(~:;> '< '. ~'(j~~~~·::.:l;Jsar sistemas de irrigaci6n de goteo :~~2.\' :.~::y·otras tecnicas de conservaci6n del Ji.~:J::r~; 'agua son altamente recomendables. H~{ J~s preferible regar por la manana. \:..~~.(:\ :~ ~:;, .• ,:,.~ iLos.sistemas de riego automatico ~~;:~; )scm' mas eficientes si S6 programan ~i:'~5'§>con'ciclos de cinco minut9s y mas Y1:f>. :;~i(:lcuentemente para que al agua :~~H::i~~;ftamedezca bien 'Ia tierra. f~~ • Mantener los sistemas de irrigaci6n limpios y en buenas condiciones es importante para reducir el desperdicio del agua. Regar solamente cuando sea necesario reduce el uso del agua y ahorra dinero. • Para mas informaci6n sobre sistemas de riego lIame al 760-438-2722. • Los pesticidas y fertilizantes deben usarse solamente cuando sea absolutamente necesario. • Para mantener un pasto saludable se recomienda hacer un analisis de la tierra para determinar cuales fertilizantes aplicar y en que temporada. • Es recomendable usar fertilizantes organicos en vez deproductos quimicos. ;'. • En ocasiones se puede dejar el sacate recien cortado sobre el pasto ya que actua como un fertilizante natural. • El uso de pesticidas debe ocurrir s610 como ultimo recurso. Es preferible usar produCtos que sean bajos en t6xicos, por ejemplo jabones insecticidas, acido bOrico, etc. Seguir las instrucciones en la etiqueta y usar el producto correctamente evita contaminar el agua de riego y lIuvia. • Cuando sea posible es preferible usar insectos predadores para controlar plagas. • Los pesticidas y fertilizantes vencidos deben desecharse legal mente lIevandolos a los centr~s de colecci6n de substancias t6xicas localizados en varias ciudades del condado de San Diego. Llame al .760-602-2799 para obtener mas informaciqh. • Master Gardeners , ", EI condado de San D!ego y la univ~rsl~~~: de California Extensi6n Cooperativa,.ha~·:;::;:\ creado el programa de Master Gardene~ Los expertos de este programa estan:' disponibles para proporcionar jnforf!1$ci6ni':.~ sobre plantas y pia gas. Usted puede.. ;,,..,, !lamar a la linea de Master Gardeners, al~i 858-694-2860 de lunes a viernes entre;:" 9am y 3pm para obtener respuesias· preguntas. La pagina lnternetwww:. ':: mastergardenerssandiego.org es otro recurso ~on informaci6n sobre esto~:' ;,:~,::::~~; . .." temas. Esta informaci6n es totalmeote .. ~i;,,\~: gratis al publico. Did You KnoW~n The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rain water away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Storm drains are not connected to sanitary sewer systems and treatment plants. Untreated storm water and the pollutants it carries flow directly to creeks, lagoons and the ocean. Storm water pollution comes from a variety of sources including: • Oil, fuel and fluids from vehicles and heavy _equipment . . ' Lawn clippings, pesticide and fertilizer runoff from landscaping • Sediment and concrete from construction and landscaping activities • Bacteria from human and animal waste • Utter The City of Carlsbad is committed to improving water quality and reducing the amount of pollutants that enter our precious waterways. Why do we need a deem environment? Having a cleaD environment is of primary importance for our health and economy. Clean waterways provide commercial opportunities, recreation, fish habitat and add beauty to our landscape. All of us benefit from clean water -and all of us have a role in making and keeping our creeks, lagoons and ocean clean. ater Protection @ Business! EVERYONE is responsible for protecting storm water! Storm Water pollution prevention is a shared duty between the City of Carlsbad and the Community. Storm drains on public property are monitored and cleaned by the City. Everyone has a part to play in keeping our storm drains free of pollutants. Methods used to prevent storm water pollution are called Best Management Practices (BMPs). . Help keep our creeks, lagoons and ocean dean! Below are some BMPs you tan· VIse at home. Sweep or Rake • Sweep up debris and put it in a trash can. Do not use a hose to wash off sidewalks, parking areas and garages. Rake up yard waste and start a compost pile. Reduce Use of Landscape Chemicals • Minimize the use of lawn and garden care products such as pesticides, insecticides, weed killers, fertilizers, herbicides and other chemicals. Avoid over-irrigation which washes chemicals into the gutter and storm drains. Use Soap Sparingly • When washing your car at home, use soap sparingly, divert washwater to landscaped areas and pour your bucket of soapy water down the sink. Never w9sh your car in the street. Clean up After Your Pets • Take a bag when you walk your pets,and be sure to always clean up after them. Flush pet waste down the toilet or dispose of it in a sealed plastic bag and throw it in the trash. Buy Non-Toxic Products • When possible, use non-toxic products for household cleaning. If you must use a toxic cleaning product,buy small quantities, use it sparingly and properly dispose of unused portions. For the Household Hazardous Waste collection facility nearest you, call1-800-CLEANUP. .hat is the Storm Water Program? ( , Ie City is regulated by a municipal storm water permit that was issued by the State Water Resources Control Board. The City's Storm Water Program helps to ensure compliance with the permit by: • Inspecting Carlsbad businesses and requiring BMPs to prevent pollution • Investigating and eliminating illegal discharges to the storm water system • Overseeing and conducting water quality monitoring programs • Educating the public about ways to prevent storm water pollution Are all discharges to the storm drain illegal? In the strictest definition, only rain water can legally enter the storm drain. However, the permit currently allows some types of discharges into storm drains when BMPs are used to reduce pollutants. Some examples include: • Landscape irrigation and lawn watering runoff • Dechlorinated pool water • Residential car washing • Potable water sources • Foundation drains • Water line flushing How do ft wepofft a storm water "ioDation? The Storm Water Program operates a hotline and an e-mail address to receive referrals about storm water pollution and illegal discharges and to answer questions about storm water pollution prevention. If you see someone dumping or washing waste or pollutants to the street or storm drqin, please call the hotline at 60i- 2199 or send an email tostormwater@d.carlsbad.4Za.us. This information is entered into the City's Request for Action system and is routed to the appropriate per~on for response. Where can I get more information? • Visit the City'S website at www.d.carlsbad.ca.us/ cserv/storm.html to view brochures, documents or link to other water quality websites. • Call the hotline at 602-2199 to have information sent, to you. • To view a copy of the Permit, please go to hUp:l!www.swrrcb.ca.gov/programs! sd._.stormwater.html . What is the City doing to keep our waterwaY$ dean? Significant efforts are being made by City departments to help keep our waterways clean. A few progrClm activities are listed below: • Educating the public and City employees about storm water pollution prevention through our wel:;>site, brochures, publications, workshops and public events • Inspecting construction sites to ensure that developers are implementing Best Management Practices • Implementing Best Management Practices at City facilities • Conducting industrial and commercial inspections to ensure businesses are aware of and complying with the storm water program requirements • Addressing storm water requirements for new development and significant redevelopment • Conducting water quality monitoring in the storm drain system and in our creeks, lagoons and ocean • Investigating reports of illegal discharges • Implementing a Watershed Urban Runoff Management Plan (WURMP) with the County and other North County cities to protect all of our waterways /. In the City of Carlsbad, storm drains flow directly into local creeks, lagoons and the ocean without treatment. Storm water pollution is a serious problem for our natural environment and for people who live near streams or wetlands. Storm water pollution comes from a variety of sources including oil, fuel, and fluids, from vehicles and heavy equipments, pesticide runoff from landscaping, and from materials such as concrete and mortar from construction activities. The City of Carlsbad is committed to . improving water quality and reducing the amount of pollutants that enter our precious waterways. /. A Clean Environment is Important to All of Usl .~\r. the Sf. Q:-~ 0'0 ~ -~ () t:: .... o ceo (J) ':::I .... .- 9-E ~ IE % ~~ l"er ~~ ProteC~O City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 Storm Water HOTline: 760-602-2799 stormwater@ci.carlsbad.ca.us March 2003 Ponution Prevention is up to YOU! Did you know that storm drains are NOT connected to sanitary sewer systems or treatment plants? The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rainwater away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Untreated pollutants such as concrete and mortar flow directly into creeks, lagoons and the ocean and are toxic to fish, wildlife, and the aquatic environment. Disposing of these materials into storm drains causes serious ecological problems-and is PROHIBITED by law. Do the job Right! This brochure was designed for do-it- yourself remodelers, homeowners, masons and bricklayers, contractors, and anyone else who uses concrete or mortar to complete a construction project. Keep storm water protection in mind whenever you or people you hire work on your house or property. Best Management Practices Best Management Practices or BMPs are procedures and practices that help to prevent pollutants such as chemicals, concrete, mortar, pesticides, waste, paint, and other hazardous materials from entering our storm drains. All these sources add up to a pollution problem. But each of us can do our part to keep storm water clean. These efforts add up to a pollution solution! What YOU Can Do: • Set up and operate small mixers on tarps or heavy plastic drop cloths. • Don't mix up more fresh concrete or mortar than you will need for a project. • Protect applications of fresh concrete and mortar from rainfall and runoff until the material has dried. • Always store both dry and wet materials under cover, protected from rainfall and runoff and away from storm drains or waterways. • Protect dry materials from wind. Secure bags of concrete mix and mortar after they are open. Don't allow dry products to blow into driveways, sidewalks, streets, gutters, or storm drains. • Keep all construction debris away from the street, gutter and storm drains. • Never dispose of washout into the street, storm drains, landscape drains, drainage ditches, or streams. Empty mixing containers and wash out chutes onto dirt areas that do not flow to streets, drains or waterways, or allow material to dry and dispose of properly. • Never wash excess material from bricklaying, patio, driveway or sidewalk construction into a street or storm drain. Sweep up and dispose of small amounts of excess dry concrete, grout, and mortar in the trash. • Wash concrete or brick areas only when the wash water can flow onto a dirt area without further runoff or drain onto a surface which has been bermed so that the water and solids can be pumped off or vacuumed up for proper disposal. • • • Do not place fill material, soil or compost piles on the sidewalk or street. If you or your contractor keep a dumpster at your site, be sure it is securely covered with a lid or tarp when not in use. During cleanup, check the street and gutters for sediment, refuse, or debris. Look around the corner or down the street and clean up any materials that may have already traveled away from your property. • • • A Cle:n~nvironment is Important to All of Usl Did you know that storm drains are NOT connected to sanitary sewer systems and treatment plants? The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rainwater away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Untreated storm water and the pollutants it carries, flow directly into creeks, lagoons and the ocean. In recent years, sources of water pollution like industrial waters from factories have been greatly reduced. However now, the majority of water pollution occurs from things like cars leaking oil, fertilizers from farms and gardens, failing septic tanks, pet waste and residential c?,r washing into the storm drains and into the ocean and waterways. All th~se sources Cldd up to a pollution problem! But each of us can do small things to help clean up our water and that adds up to a pollution solutionr • \~ the 8fo ~~ :f'~ «-l 1 <) ~ t. -"\ ~ ~. o ?- U> E '0 ~ ... ~ '? ~ q,'O ~t'"' ·o~ "'r ProteC\\; City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad CA 92008 Storm Water HOTline: 760-602-2799 tU,lC'iCU 0Sl€.~ on. ..... "'.,'"'''' . t~Printed on recycled paper Funded by a grant from the California Integrated Waste Management Board . ... . ::' . : .. .>.... AND . :>.': . .. AIR SI-lOPS'~>:\':: ,.,,' . .~.' ~ Best Management Practices Automotive service and repair shops contribute to storm water pollution through improper cleaning practices that allow oil, grease, cleaners, trash and other pollutants to flow into the street, gutter or storm drain. Pollutants deposited on surfaces, such as parking lot sand driveways, are washed away by rainwater and enter the storm drain system. These discharges pollute our creeks, lagoons and ocean and are prohibited by law. Below are recommended Best Management Practices for Automotive Service and Repair Shops. Operate a Clean. Dry Shop • • • • • • Sweep, mop or vacuum the shop floor frequently. Designate specific areas indoors for parts c1E;!aning. Clean up any spill immediately. Keep rags, damp mops, absorbents and other cleaning supplies readily accessible in all work areas. Use self-contained sinks and tanks when cleaning with solvents. NEVER sweep or flush wastes into a" sanitary sewer or sterm drain. Protect Storm Drains Located on Your Property • Label all storm drain inlets on your property. • • • Inspect drain frequently for debris. Remove debris and dispOse of it in the trash or other appropriate manner. Mop, sweep or vacuum working areas and parking lots frequently. NEVER use a hose to wash down an area and avoid using blowers which only displace residue. Prevent Spills and Leaks • • • • • Use. drip pans and ground cloths beneath vehicles if you have leaks or when doing engine work. Avoid performing repairs or work in exterior areas that are exposed to rainwater. Drain fluids from leaking or wrecked vehicles as soon as possible. Promptly transfer drained fluids to a deSignated waste storage area. Place bulk fluids, waste fluids and batteries in a secondary containment to capture accidental spills. DisF1,Ose of Wastewat~r Properly • • • Soapy or oily vehicle wash waters must be pumped to the sanitary sewer system and m?lY require installation of an oil-water separator. If the waste water from your facility is not pump~ to the sanitary sewer, you must capture and collect the water ~o it m~y be disposed of at an off-site location. NEVER allow wastewater to enter the storm drain. Dispose of Hazardous Materials Properly • Follow all hazardous materials and waste disposal requirements. • Remember that oil or solvent-saturated absorbent must handled as hazardous waste. • Make sure solid waste containers are in good condition and secured against wind, leakage or other elements. Protect Outdoor Work and Storage Areas • If work or materials storage must be done outdoors, berm the area to trap pollutants in a confined area and protect from rain. • If you have an outdoor drain that is connected to a sanitary sewer, cover the area to prevent rain water from entering the sewer system. Employee Training • Use signage to label storm drains. • Ensure that all employees know the location of storm drains on the property. • Educate employees on the proper way to clean up spills and prevent pollutants from entering the storm drain. Practice Waste Reduction and Recycling • Recycle used motor oil and oil filters. • Collect all used oil in containers with tight fitting lids. Do not mIx different engine " fluids. • Reuse wash water and water used in flushing and testing radiators. • Safer Alternative Products Descriptions Promote the use of less harmful products. Alternatives exist for most product classes including chemical fertilizers, pesticides, cleaning solutions, janitorial chemicals, automotive and paint products, and consumables (batteries, fluorescent lamps). Approach Develop a comprehensive program based on: • The "Precautionary Principle~» which is an alternative to the tlRiskAssessment" model tbat says it's acceptable to use a potentially harmful product until physical evidence of its harmful effects are established and deemed too costly from an enviroll1l1ental or public health perspective. For instance, a 11Sk assessment approach might say it's acceptable to use a pesticide until there is direct proof of an environmental impact. The Precautionary Principle approach is used to evaluate whether a given product is safe, whether it is really necessary, and whether alternative products would perform just as well. • Enviroll1l1entally Preferable Purchasing Program to minimize the purchase of products containing hazardous ingredients used in the facilitis custodial services, fleet maintenance, and facility maintenance in favor of using alternate products that pose less risk to employees and to the environment. • Integrated Pest Management (lPM) or Less-Toxic Pesticide Program, which uses a pest management approach that minimizes tIle use of toxic chemicals and-gets rid of pests by methods that pose a lower risk to employees, the public, and the enviromnent. • Energy Efficiency Program including no-cost and low-cost energy conservation and efficiency actions that can reduce both energy consumption and electricity bills, along with long-term energy efficiency investments. Consider the following mechanisms for developing and implementing a comprehensive program: • Policies • Procedures Standal'd operating procedures (SOPs) Purchasing guidelines and procedures Janua/y 2003 california stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SC-61 Objectives • Educate • Reduce/Minimize • Product Substitution Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients ~ Trash Metals ~ Bacteria Oil and Grease ~ Organics .~ Oxygen Demanding CM iFO~~;\ ~O~!,Wt':. fER ;1\ .\:F~\ '\"':'~ilf :":.~ .. \ lof4 • SC-61 Safer Alternative Products Bid packages (services and supplies) • Materials Preferred or approved product and supplier lists Product and supplier evaluation criteria Training sessions and manuals Fact sheets for employees Training • Employees who handle potentially harmful materials in the use of safer alternatives. • Purchasing departments should be encouraged to procure less hazardous materials and products that contaiu little or no harmful substances or TMDL pollutants. RegulationS This BMP has no regulatory requirements. Existing regulations already encourage facilities to reduce the use of hazardous materials through incentives such as reduced: • Specialized equipm~nt storage and handling requirements, • Stormwater runoff sampling requirements, • Training and licensiug requirements, and • Record keeping and reporting requirements. Equipment • There are no major equipment requirements to this EMP. Limitations • Alternative products may not be available, suitable, or effective in evelY case. Requirements Costs • The primary cost is for staff time to: 1) develop new policies and procedures and 2) educate purchasing departments and employees who handle potentially harmful materials about the availability, procurement, and use of safer alternatives. • Some alternative products may be slightly more expensive than conventional products. Supplemental Information Employees and contractors I service providers can both be educated about safer alternativ~s by using infonnation developed by a number of organizations including the references and resQurces listed below. 20f4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 Safer Alternative Products SC-61 The following discussion provides some general information on safer alternatives. More specific information on particular hazardous materials and the available alternatives may"be found in the references and resources listed below. • Automotive products -Less toxic alternatives are not available for many automotive products, especially engine fluids. But there are alternatives to grease lubric.:'U1ts, car polishes, degreasers, and windshield washer solution. Rerefined motor oil is also available. • Vehicle/Trailer lubrication -Fifth wheel bearings on trucks require routine lubrication. Adhesive lubricants are available to replace typical cha,ssis grease. • Cleaners -Vegetables-based or citrus-based soaps are available to replace petroleum-based soaps! detergents. • Paint products -Water-based paints, wood preservatives, stains, and finishes are available. • Pesticides -Specific alternative products or methoqs exist to control most insects, fungi, and weeds. • Chemical Fertilizers -Compost and soil amendments are natural alternatives. • Consumables -Manufacturers have either reduced or are in the process of reducing the amount of heavy metals in consumables such as batteries and fluorescent lamps. All fluorescent lamps contain mercury, however low-mercury containing lamps are now " available from most hardware and lighting stores. Fluorescent lamps are also more energy efficient than the average incandescent lamp. • Janitorial chemicals -Even biodegradable soap can harm fish and wildlife before it biodegrades. Biodegradable does not mean non-toxic. Safer products lQldprocedures are available for floor stripping and cleaning, as well as carpet, glass, met~ and restroom cleaning and disinfecting. Examples TIlere are a number of business and trade associations, and communities with effective programs. Some of the more prominent are listed below in the references and resources section. References and Resources Note: Many of these references provide alternative products for materials that typically are used inside and disposed to the sanitary sewer as well as alternatives to products that usually end up in the storm drain. General Sustainable Practices and Pollution Prevention Including Pollutant- Specific Infol'mation California Department of Toxic Substances Control (www.dtsc.cagov) California Integrated Waste Management Board (lvww.ciwmb.ca.gov) City of Santa Monica (www.santa-monica.org/ environment) City of Palo Alto (www.city.palo-alto.ca.us/cleanbay) January 2003 California stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 30f4 • • • SC-61 Safer Alternative Products City and COUllty of San Francisco7 Department of the Environment (www.cisf.ca.us/sfenvironment) Earth 911 (WW\"l.earili911·org/master.asp) Environmental Finance Center Region IX (\'VW\v.greenstart.org/efc9) Flex Your Power (www.flexyourpower.ca.gov) GreenBiz.com (www.greenbiz.com) Green Business Program (www.abag.org/bayareafenviro/gbus/gb.html) Pacific Industrial and Business Association (\-vww.piba.org) Sacramento Clean Water Business Partners (www.sacstonnwater.org) USEPA BMP fact sheet -Alternative products (http://cfpub.epagov/npdesjstormwater/menuofbmps/polL2.cfm) USEPA Region IX Pollution Prevention Program (\vww.epa.gov /regiono9/p2) Western Regional Pollution Prevention Network (www.westp2l1et.org) Metals (mercury, copper) . National Electrical Manufacturers Association -Environment, Health and Safety (www.nema.org) Sustainable Conservation (www.suscon.org) Auto Recycling Project Brake Pad Partnership Pesticides and Chemical Fertilizers Bio-Integral Resource Center (www.birc.org) California Department of Pesticide Regulation (www.cdpr.ca.gov) University of California State\vide IPM Program (www-ipm.ucdavis.edu/default.html) Dioxins Bay Area Dioxins Project (http://dioxin.abag.ca.govj) 4of4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • Waste Handling & Disposal Description Improper storage and handling of solid wastes can allow toxic compounds, oils and greases, heavy metals, nutrients, suspended solids, and other pollutants to enter storm water runoff. The discharge of pollutants to storm water from waste handling and disposal can be prevented and reduced by tracking waste generation, storage, and disposal; reducing waste generation and disposal through source reduction, re-use, and recycling; and preventing mnon and runoff. Approach PoUunonPrevennon • Reduction in the amount of waste generated can be accomplished using the following source controls such as: Production planning and sequencing Process or equipment modification Raw material substitution or elimination Loss prevention and housekeeping Waste segregation and separation Close loop recycling • Establish a material tracking system to increase awareness about material usage. This may reduce spills and minimize contamination, thus reducing the amount of waste produced. • Recycle materials whenever possible. January 2003 California Stormwater BMIl Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SC-34 Objectives • Cover • Contain • Educate • Reduce/Minimize • Product Substitution Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Oxygen Demanding c .. '\1 jr,6t?;)-i1ll: sr~'}w.-~fi.\t A n:l.< Qt':\.I :1': .'~·,"'Ih. i."o'~:".::'~ 1 ofS • SC-34 Waste Handling &. Disposal Suggested Pl-otocals General • Cover storage containers with leak proof lids or some other means. If waste is not in containers, cover all waste piles (plastic tarps are acceptable coverage) and prevent stormwater runon and runoff ,,\lith a berm. The waste containers or piles must be covered. except when in use. • Use drip pans or absorbent matelials whenever grease containers are emptied by vacuum trucks or other means. Grease cannot be left on the gro~d. Collected grease must be properly (ijsposed of as garbage. • Check storage containers weekly for leaks and to ensure that lids are on tightly. Replace any that are leaking, cOITOded~ or othenvise deteriorating. . • Sweep &nd clean the storage area regularly. If it is paved, do not hose down the area to a storm drain. • Dispose of linse and wash water from cleaning waste containers into a sanitalY sewer if allowed by the local sewer autllOrity. Do not discharge wash water to the street or stonn drain. . • Transfer waste from damaged containers into safe containers. • Take special care when loading or unloading wastes to minimize losses. Loading systems can be used to minimize spills and fugitive emission losses such as dust or mist. Vacuum transfer systems can lninimize waste loss. Controlling Litter • Post "No Littering" signs and enforce anti-litter laws. • Provide a sufficient number of litter receptacles for the facility. • Clean out and cover litter receptacles frequently to prevent spillage . . Waste Collection • Keep waste collection areas clean. • Inspect solid waste containers for structural damage or leaks regularly. Repair or replace damaged containers as necessary. • Secure solid waste containers; containers must be closed tightly when not in use. • Place waste containers under cover if possible. • Do not fill waste containers ,\lith washout water or any other liquid. • Ensure that only appropliate solid wastes are added to tlle solid waste container. Certain wastes such as hazardous wastes, appliances~ fluorescent lamps, pesticides, etc. may not be 2 of 5 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cailmphandbooks.com January 2003 • Waste Handling &. Disposal SC-34 disposed of in solid waste containers (see chemical/ hazardous waste collection section . below). • Do not mix wastes; this can cause chemical reactions, make recycling impossible, and complicate disposal. Good Housekeeping • Use all of the product before disposing of the container. • Keep the waste management area clean at all times by sweeping and cleaning up spills immediately. • Use chy methods when possible (e.g. sweeping, use of absorbents) when cleaning around restaurant/food handling dumpster areas. If water must be used after sweeping/using absorbents, collect water and discharge through grease interceptor to the sewer. • Stencil storm ch'ains on the facility's property with prohibitive message regarding waste . disposal. Chemical/Hazardous Wastes • Select designated hazardous waste collection areas on-site. • Store hazardous materials and wastes in covered containers protected from vandalism, and in compliance with fire and hazardous waste codes. • Place hazardous waste containers in secondary containment. • Make sure that hazardous waste is collected, removed, and disposed of only at authorized disposal areas. Runon/Rulloff Prevention • Prevent stormwater runon from entering the waste management area by enclosing the area or building a berm around the area. • Prevent the waste materials from directly contacting rain. • Cover waste piles with tempor81Y covering material such as reinforced tarpaulin, polyetlwlene, polyurethane, polypropyleneor hypalon. • Cover the area witll a permanent roof if feasible. • Cover dumpsters to prevent rain from washing waste out of holes or cracks in the bottom of the dumpster. • Move the activity indoor after ensuring all safety concerns such as fire hazard and ventilation are addressed. In.spection January 2003 California stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 30f5 • SC-34 Waste Handling &. Disposal • Inspect and replace faulty pumps or hoses regularly to minimize the potential of releases and spills. . • Check waste management areas for leaking containers or spills. • Repair leaking equipment including valves, lines, seals, or pumps promptly. Training • Train staff pollution prevention measures and proper disposal methods. • Train employees and contractors propel' spill containment and cleanup. The employee should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill if one should occur. • Train employees and subcontractors in proper hazardous waste management. Spill Response and Prevention • Refer to SC-ll, Spill Prevention1 Control & Cleanup. • Keep your Spill Prevention Control and countermeasure (SPCC) plan up-to-date, and implement accordingly. • Have spill cleanup matelials readily available and in a knm\1Il'location. • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. • Vehicles transporting waste should have spill prevention equipment that can prevent spills during transport. The spill prevention equipment includes: Vehicles equipped 'with baffles for liquid waste Trucks with sealed gates and spill guards for solid waste Othel'~de1'ations • Hazardous waste cannot be re-used or recycled.; it must be disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste hauler. Requirements Costs • Capital and operation and maintenance costs will vary substantially depending on the size of the facility and the types of waste handled. Costs should be low if there is an inventory program in place. Maintenance • None except for maintaining equipment for material tracking program. 4 of 5 California storm water BMP Handbook Municipa! www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • • Waste Handling &. Disposal SC-34 Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP Land Treatment System • Minimize the runoff of ponuted stormwater from land application of municipal waste on-site ~ . Choosing a site where slopes are under 6%, the soil is permeable, there is a low water table, it is located away from wetlands 01' marshes, there is a 'dosed drainage system. Avoiding application of waste to the site when it is raining 01' when the ground is saturated with water. Growing vegetation on land disposal areas to stabilize soils and reduce the volume of. smface water runoff from the site. Maintaining adequate barriers behveen the land application site and the receiving waters. Planted strips are particularly good. Using erosion control techniques such as mulching and matting, filter fences, straw bales, diversion terracing, and sediment basins. Performing routine maintenance to ensure the erosion control 01' site stabilization measures are working. References and Resources King County Storm water Pollution Control Manual-htt;p:l!dnr.metrokc.gpv/wlr/dss/:wcm.htm Orange County Stormwater Program http://www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWater/swp_introduction.asp Ponution from Smface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Associations (BASMAA). On-line: htq>:llwww.basmaa.org . January 2003 California stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 50f5 • Drainage System Maintenance SC-74 Photo Credit: Geoff Brosseau Description As a consequence of its function, the storm water conveyance system collects and transports urban runoff that may contain certain pollutants. Maintaining catch basins, stormwater inlets, and other stormwater conveyance stI-uctures on a regular basis will remove pollutants, prevent clogging of the downstream conveyance system, restore catch basins' sediment trapping capacity1 and ensure the system functions properly hydraulically to avoid flooding. Approach Suggested Protocols Catch Basins/Inlet Structures • Municipal staff should regularly inspect facilities to ensure the following: Immediate repair of any deterioration threatening structural integrity. Cleaning before the sump is 40% full. Catch basins should be cleaned as frequently as needed to meet this standard. Stenciling of catch basins and inlets (see SC-75 Waste Handling and Disposal). • Clean catch basins, storm drain inlets, and other conveyance stI-ucrures in high pollutant load areas just before the wet season to remove sediments and debris accumulated during the summer. . January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Objectives • Contain • !=ducate • Reduce/Minimize· ~----------------~ Targeted Constitu.ents Sediment ~ Nutrients 0 Trash ~ Metals ~ Bacteria 0 Oil and Grease ~ Organics 0 Oxygen Demanding ~ c ... '\1Jr(~A1:\ ~i{')Rr .. 1\·~ {'\ rr.R \~ t. J .. : ! . ~. ~V .:~~ ,f :. ~ 'j :. ;' lof9 SC-74 Drainage System Maintenance • Conduct inspections more frequently during tlle wet season for problem areas where sediment or trash accumulates more often. Clean and repair as needed. • Keep accurate logs of the number of catch basins cleaned. • Record tile amount of waste collected. • Store wastes collected from cleaning activities of the drainage system in appropriate containers or temporary storage sites in a manner fuat prevents discharge to the storm drain. • Dewater the wastes with outflow into the sanitary sewer if permitted. Water should be treated witil an appropriate filtering device prior to discharge to the sanitary sewer. If discharge to the sanitary sewer is not allowed, water should be pumped or vacuumed to a tank and properly disposed of. Do not dewater near a storm drain or stream. • Except for small communities with relatively few catch basins that may be cleaned manually, most municipalities will require mechanical cleaners such as eductors, vacuums, or bucket loaders. Storm Drain Conveyance System • Locate reaches of storm drain with deposit problems and develop a flushing schedule that keeps the pipe clear of excessive buildup. • Collect flushed effluent and pump to the sanitary sewer for treatment. Pump Stations • Clean all storm drain pump stations prior to tile wet season to remove silt and trash. • Do not allow discharge from cleaning a storm drain pump station or otiler facility to reach the storm drain system. • Conduct quarterly routine maintenauce at each pump station. • Inspect, clean, and repair as necessalyall outlet structures prior to the wet season. • Sample collected sediments to determine iflandfill disposal is possible, or illegal discharges' in the watershed are occurring. Open Channel • Consider modification of storm chamlel characteristics to improve channel hydraulics, to increase pollutant removals, and to enhance channel! creek aesthetic and habitat value. • Conduct channel modification/improvement in accordance with existing laws. Any person, government agency, or public utility proposing an activity that ,'\Till change the natuI'll1 (emphasis added) state of any river, stream, or lake in California, must enter into a steam or Lake Alteration Agreement with tlle Department ofFish and Game. The developer-applicant should also contact local governments (city, COUllty, speciaidistricts), other state agencies 2of9 California stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cahmphandbooks.com January 2003 • \' , '- Drainage System Maintenance SC-74 (SWRCB, RWQCB, Department of Forestry, Department of Water Resources), and Federal Corps of Engineers and USFWS Illicit C01mections and Dischcrrges • During routine maintenance of conveyance system and drainage structures field staff should look for evidence of illegal discharges or illicit connections: Is there evidence of spills such as paints, discoloring, etc. Are there any odors associated with the drainage system Record locations of apparent illegal discharges/illicit connections Track flows back to potential dischargers and conduct aboveground inspections. This can be done through visual inspection of up gradient manholes or alternate techniques including zinc chloride smoke testing, fluorometric dye testing, physical inspection testing, or television camera inspection. Once the origin of flow is established, require illicit discharger to eliminate the discharge. • Stencil storm drains, where applicable, to prevent illegal disposal of pollutants. Storm drain inlets should have messages such as "Dump No Waste Drains to StJ:eam" stenciled next to them to warn against ignorant or intentional dumping of pollutants into the storm drainage system. • Refer to fact sheet SC-lO Non-Stormwater Discharges. Illegal Dumping • Regularly inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas where illegal dumping and disposal occurs. • Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the following: illegal dumping hot spots Types and quantities (in some cases) of wastes Patterns in time of occurrence (time of day/night, month, or year) Mode of dumping (abandoned containers, "midnight dumping" from moving vehicles, direct dumping of materials, accidentsj spills) Responsible palties • Post "No Dumping" signs in problem areas ,vith a phone number for reporting dumping and disposal. Signs should also indicate fines and penaltie~ for illegal dumping. • Refer to fact sheet SC-lO Non-Stormwater Discharges. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Munldpal www.cabmphandbooks.com 30f9 •• l. SC-74 Drainage System Maintenance • The State Department of Fish and Game has. a hotline for reporting violations called Cal TIP (1-800-952-5400). TIle phone number may be used to report any violation of a Fish and Game code (illegal dumping, poaching, etc.). • The California Department of Toxic Substances Contrors Waste Alert Hotline, 1-800- 69TOXIC, can be used to report hazardous waste violations. Tpaining • Train crews in proper maintenance activities, including record keeping and disposal. • Only properly trained individuals are allowed to handle hazardous materials/wastes. • Train municipal employees from all departments (public works, utilities, street cleaning, parks and recreation, industrial waste inspection1 hazardous waste inspection, sewer maintenance) to recognize and report illegal dumping. • Train municipal employees and educate businesses1 contractors, and the general public in propel" and consistent methods for disposal. • Train municipal staff regarding non-stormwater discharges (See SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges). Spill Response and Prevention • Refer to SC-n, Prevention, Control & Cleanup • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location. • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. Othep ConsideJ"aUons • Cleanup activities may create a slight disturbance for local aquatic species. Access to items and material on private property may be limited. Trade-offs may exist between channel hydraulics and water quality/riparian habitat. If storm channels or basins are recognized as wetlands, many activities, including maintenance1 may be subject to regulation and permitting. • Storm drain flushing is most effective in small diameter pipes (36-inch diameter pipe or less, depending on water supply and sedinlent collection capacity). Other considerations associated with stonn drain flushing may include tlle availability of a water source, fmding a downstream area to collect sediments, liquid/sediment disposal, and disposal of flushed effluent to sanitary sewer may be prohibited in some areas. • Regulations may include adoption of substantial penalties for illegal dumping and disposal. • Municipal codes should include sections prohibiting the discharge of soil., debris, refuse, hazardous wastes, and other pollutants iuto the storm drain system. • Private property access rights may be needed to track illegal discharges up gradient. 4of9 California stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • • Drainage System Maintenance SC-74 • Requirements of municipal ordinance authority for suspected source verificatioI) testing for illicit connections necessary for guaranteed rights of entry_ Requirements Costs • An aggressive catch basin cleaning program could require a significant capital and O&!YI budget. A careful study of cleaning effectiveness should be undertaken before increased cleaning is implemented. Catch basin cleaning costs are less expensive if vacuum street sweepers are available; cleaning catch basins manually can cost approximately twice as much as cleaning the basins with a vacuum attached to a sweeper. • Methods used for illicit connection detection (smoke testing, dye testing, visual inspection, and flow monitoring) can be costly and time-consuming. Site-specific factors, such as the level of impervious area, the density and ages of buildings, and type ofland USe will determine the level of investigation necessary. Encouraging repOlting of illicit discharges by employees can offset costs by saving expense on inspectors and directing resources more efficiently. Some programs have used funds available from "environmental fees" or special assessment districts to fund their illicit connection elimination programs. Maintenance • Two-person teams may be required to clean catch basins with vactor trucks. • Identifying illicit discharges requires teams of at least two people (volunteers can be used), plus administrative personnel, depending on the complexity oftl;te storm sewer system. • Arrangements must be made for proper disposal of collected wastes. • Requires technical staff to detect and investigate illegal dumping violations, and to coordinate public education. Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP Storm Drainflushing Sanitary sewer flushing is a common maintenance activity used to inlprove pipe hydraulics and to remove pollutants in sanitary sewer systems. The same principles that make sanitary sewer flushing effective can be used to flush storm drains. Flushing may be designed to hydraulically convey accumulated material to strategic locations, such as to an open channel, to another point where flushing will be initiated, or over to the sanitary sewer and on to the treatment facilities, thus preventing re-suspension and overflow of a portion of the solids during storm .events. Flushing prevents "plug flow" discharges of concentrated pollutant loadings and sediments. The deposits can hinder the designed conveyance capacity of the storm drain system and potentially cause backwater conditions in severe cases of clogging. Storm drain flushing usually takes place along segments of pipe with grades that are too flat to maintain adequate velocityto'keep particles ill suspension. An upstream manhole is selected to place an inflatable device that temporarily plugs the pipe. Further upstream, water is pumped into the line to create a flushing wave. 'When the upstream reach of pipe is sufficiently full to January 2003 california stormwater BMP Handbook Munldpal W\."Jw.cabmphandbooks.com 5 of9 • SC-74 Dr~inage System Maintenance cause a flushing wave, the inflated device is rapidly deflated with the assistance of a vacuum pump, releasing tlle backed up water and resulting in the cleaning of the storm drain segment. To fmther reduce the impacts of storm water pollution, a second inflatable device, placed wen downstream, may be used to re-collect the water after the force of the flushing wave has dissipated. A pmnp may then be used to transfer the water and accumulated matelial to the sanitary sewer for treatment. In some cases, an interceptor structure lllay be more practical or . required to re-collect the flushed waters. It has been found that cleansing efficiency of peliodic flush waves is dependent upon flush volume, flush discharge rate, sewer slope, sewer length, sewer flow rate, sewer diameter, and population density. As a rule of thumb, the length of line to be flushed should not exceed 700 feet. At this maximum recommended length, the percent removal efficiency ranges between 65- 75 percent for organics and 55-65 percent for dry weather grit/inorganic material. The percent removal efficiency drops rapidly beyond that. Water is commonly supplied by a water h'Uck, but fire hydrants can also supply water. To make the best use of water, it is recommended that reclaimed water be used or that fire hydrant line flushing coincide with stonn drain flushing. Flow Management Flow management has been one of the principal motivations for designing urban stream corridors in the past. Such needs mayor may not be compatible with the stormwater quality goals in the stream corridor. Do'wllStream flood peaks can be suppressed by reducing through flow velocity. This can be accomplished by reducing gradient with grade control structures or increasing ronghnesswith . boulders, dense vegetation, or complex banks fonns. Reducing velocity con-espondingly increases flood height, so all such measures have a natural association with floodplain open space. Flood elevations laterally adjacent to the stream can be lowered by increasing through flow velocity. However, increasing velocity increases flooding downstreanl and inherently conflicts with channel stability and human safety. Where topography permits, another way to lower flood elevation is to lower the level of the flood way with drop structures into a large but subtly excavated bowl where flood flows we allowed to spread out. Stream Corridor Planning Urban streams receive and convey stormwater flows from developed or developing watersh,eds. Plamling of stream corridors thus interacts ,\lith urban stormwater management programs. If local programs are intended to control or protect downstream environments by managing flows delivered to the channels, then it is logical that such programs should be suppleme:pted by management of the materials, forms, and uses of the downstream riparian corridor. Ally proposal for steam alteration or management should be investigated for its potential flow and stability effects on upstream, downstream, and laterally adjacent areas. The timing and rate of flow from valious tributaries can combine in complex ways to alter flood hazards. Each section of cllannel is unique, influenced by its mvn distribution of roughness elements,management activities, and stream responses. 60f9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cahmphandbooks.com January 2003 • Drainage System Maintenance SC-74 Flexibility to adapt to stream features and behaviors as they evolve must be included in stream reclamation planning. The amenity and ecology of streams may be enhanced through the landscape design options of 1) cOlTidor reservation, 2) bank treatment, 3) geomorphic restoration, and 4) grade control. Corridor reservation -Reserving stream cOITidors and valleys to accommodate natural stream meandering, aggradation, degradation, and over bank flows allows streams to fmd their own form and generate less ongoing erosion. In California, open stream corridors in recent urban developments have produced recreational open space, irrigation of streamside plantings, and the aesthetic amenity of flowing water. Bank treatment -The use of armoring, vegetative cover, and flow deflection may be used to influence a channel's form, stability, and biotic habitat. To prevent bank erosion, ~Ol'ing can be done with rigid construction materials, such as concrete, masonry1 wood planks and logs, riprap, and gabions. Concrete linings have been criticized because of their lack of provision of biotic habitat. In contrast, riprap and gabions make relatively porous and fle..'tible linings. Boulders, placed in the bed reduce velocity and erosive power. Riparian vegetation can stabilize the banks of streanlS that are at or near a condition of equilibrium. Binding networks of roots increase bank shear strength. During flood flows, resilient vegetation is forced into erosion-inhibiting mats. The roughness of vegetation leads to lower velocity, further reducing erosive effects. Structural flow deflection can protect banks from erosion or alter fish habitat. By concentrating flow, a deflector causes a pool to be scoured in the bed. GeomOlphic restoration -Restoration refers to alteration of disturbed streaIlls so their form and behavior emulate those of undisturbed streams. Natural meanders are retained, with grading to gentle slopes on the inside of curves to allow point bars and riffle-pool sequences to develop. Trees are retained to provide scenic quality, biotic productivity, and roots for bank stabilization, supplemented by plantings where necessary. A restorative approach can be successful where the stream is already approaching eqUilibrium. However, if upstream urbanization continues new flow regimes will be generated that could disrupt the equilibrium of the treated system. Grade Control - A grade control structure is a level shelf of a permanent material, such as stone, masonry, or concrete, over which stream water flows. A grade control structure is called a sill, weir, or drop structure, depending on the relation of its invert elevatioh to upstream and downstream channels. A sill is installed at the pree.xisting channel bed elevation to prevent upstream migratioh of-nick points. It establishes a firm base level below which the upstream channel can not erode. A weir or check dam is installed with invert above the preexisting bed elevation. A weir raises the local base level of the stream and causes aggradation upstream. The gradient, velocity1 and erosive potential of the streanl channel are reduced. A drop structure lowers the dm-VIlstream invert below its preexisting elevation~ reducing downstream gradient and velocity. Weirs and drop structure control erosion by dissipating energy and reducing slope velocity. JanuaJY 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 7of9 SC-74 Drainage System Maintenance When carefully applied, grade control structures can be highly versatile in establishing human and environmental benefits in stabilized channels. To be successful, application of grade control structures should be guided by analysis of the stream system both upstream and downstream from the area to he reclaimed. Examples The California Department of Water Resources began the Urban Stream Restoration Program in 1985. TIle program provides grant funds to municipalities and community groups to inlplement stream restoration projects. The projects reduce damages from streambank aid watershed instability arid floods while restoring streams' aesthetic, recreational, and fish and wildlife. values. In Buena Vista Park, upper flood'way slopes are gentle and grassed to achieve continuity of usable park land across the channel of small boulders at tlle base of the slopes. The San Diego River is a large, vegetative lined channel, which was planted in a valiety of species to support riparian wildlife while stabilizing the steep banks of tlle flood way. References and Resources Ferguso~, B.K. 1991. Urban Stream Reclamation, p. 324-322, Journal of Soil and Water ConserVation. Los Angeles County Stormwater Quality. Public Agency Activities Model Program. On-line: http://ladpw.org/wmd/npdes/publicTC.cfin Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Progranls for Small Municipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commission, Monterey Bay National Maline Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Govenlments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. July. 1998. Orange County Stormwater Program http://www.oewatersheds.com/StormWaterlswp introduction.asp Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 1997 Urban Runoff Management Plan. September 1997, updated October 2000. San Diego Stol'mwatel' Co-permittees JUlisdictional Urban Runoff Management Program (URMP) Municipal Activities Model Program Guidance. 2001. Project Clean Water. November. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999. Stormwater Management Fact Sheet Non-stormwater Discharges to Storm Sewers. EPA 832-F-99-022. Office of Water, ' Washington, D.C. September. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999. Stormwater O&M Fact Sheet Catch Basin Cleaning. EPA832-F-99-011. Office of Water, Washington, D.C. September. 8of9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 Drainage System Maintenance SC-74 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good . Housekeeping for Municipal Operations illegal Dumping Control. On line: hnp://www.epa.govjnpdes/menuofhlllpslpoll 7.hun United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Storm Drain System Cleaning. Online: http://www,epa.govinpdes/menuofblllps/poll 16.hhn January 2003 caHfornia stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal .vww.cabmphandbooks.com 90f9 . I • • Waste Handling and Disposal Description It is impOltant to control litter to eliminate trash and other materials in stormwater runoff. Waste reduction is a major component of waste management and should be encouraged through training and public outreach. Management of waste once it is collected may involve reuse, recycling, or proper disposal. Approach Pollution Prevention • Reuse products when possible. • Encourage recycling programs with recycling bins, used oil collection, etc. Suggested Pt-otocols Solid Waste Collection • Implement procedures, where applicable, to collect, transport, and dispose of solid waste at appropriate disposal facilities in accordance with applicable tederal, state, and local laws and regulations. • Include properly designed trash storage areas. If feasible provide cover over trash storage areas. • Regularly inspect solid waste containers for structural damage. Repair or replace damaged containers as necessary . January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SC~75 Objectives • Cover • Contain • Educate • Reduce/Reuse Targeted Constituents 'I:~ Sediment ~ Nutrients 0 Trash 0 Metals 0 Bacteria 0 Oil and Grease 0 Organics 0 Oxygen Demanding ~ (',MJr(,>R~t \ $fOt~...1'~"f t .. rr.rt \-..'f.".\1 d', \" .. !.( :."j '<',,\ 10f4 • SC-7S Waste Handling and Disposa'. • Secure solid waste containers; containers must be closed tightly when not in use. • Do not fill waste containers with washout water or any other liquid. • Ensure that only appropriate solid wastes are added to the solid waste container. Certain wastes such as hazardous wastes, appliances, fluorescent lamps, pesticides, etc. may not be disposed of in solid waste containers (see chemical{ hazardous waste collection section below). • Do not mix wastes; this can cause chemical reactions, make recycling impossible, and complicate disposal. • Refer to SC-34 Waste Handling and Disposal for more information regarding solid waste facilities. Waste Reduction and Recycling • Recycle wastes whenever possible. Many types of waste can be recycled, recycling ,options for each waste type are limited. All gasoline, antifreeze, waste oil, and lead-acid batteries can be recycled. Latex and oil-based paint can be reused, as well as recycled. Materials that cannot be reused or recycled should either be incinerated or disposed of at a properly permitted landfill. • • Recycling is always preferable to disposal of unwanted materials. (, . • • Recycling bins for glass, metal, newspaper, plastic bottles and other recyclable household solid wastes should be provided at public facilities and/or for residential curbside collection. Controlling Litter • Post "No Littering" signs and enforce anti-litter laws. • Provide litter receptacles in busy, high pedestrian traffic areas of the community, at recreational facilities, and at community events. • Clean out and cover litter receptacles frequently to prevent spillage. Illegal Dumping Substances illegally dmnped on streets and into the storm drain system and creeks include paints, used oil and other automotive fluids, construction debris, chemicals, fresh concJ.'ete, leaves, grass clipping, and pet wastes. • Post "No Dumping" signs with a phone number for reporting dumping and disposal, Signs should also indicate fines and penalties for illegal dumping. • Landscaping and beautification efforts of hot spots might also discourage future dumping. • See SC-74 Drainage System Maintenance, and SC-lO Non-Stormwater Discharges . 20f4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • • Waste Handling and Disposal SC-75 Requirements Costs • The costs for a solid waste source control program vary depending on the type of method. The cost of a community education program or a plan to increase the number of trash receptacles can be very minimal. Costs for structural controls such as trash racks, bar screens, and silt traps can be quite costly ranging from $2501000 to $900,000. • A collection facility or curbside collection for used oil may result in significant costs. Commercial locations (automobile service stations, quick oil change centers, etc.) as collection points eliminate hauling and recycl~lg costs. • Collection and disposal of hazardous waste can be very expensive and requires trained operators; laboratOlyand detection equipment; and extensive record keeping including dates, types, and quantities. • Use of volunteer work forces can lower storm drain stenciling program costs. Stenciling kits require procurement of durable/disposable itelns. The stenciling program can aid in the . cataloging of the storm drain system. One municipality :fl.-om the state of Washington has estimated that stenciling kits cost approximately $50 eacll. Stencils may cost about $8 each including the die cost on an order of 1,000. Re-orders cost about $1/stenciL Stencil designs may be available from other communities. Stencil kits should be provided on a loan basis to . volunteer groups free of charge with the understanding that kit remnants are. to be returned. Maintenance • TIle primal'Y staff demand for stenciling programs is for program setup to provide marketing and training .. Ongoing/follow-up staff time is minimal because of volunteer services. • Staffing requirements al'e minimal for oil recycling programs if collection/recycling is contracted out to a used oil hauler/recycler or required at commercial ioeations. • Staff requirements for maintaining good housekeeping BMPs at waste handling sites is minimal. Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP Waste Reduction An approach to reduce storm water pollution from waste handling and disposal is to assess activities and reduce waste generation. The assessment is designed to find situations where waste can be eliminated or l'educed and emissions and environmental damage can be minimized. The assessment involves collecting process specific information, setting pollution prevention targets, and developing, screening and selecting waste reduction options for further Shldy. Starting a waste reduction program is economically beneficial because of reduced-raw material purchases and lower waste disposal fees . January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Munidpal www.cabmphandbooks.com 30f4 • • SC-75 Waste Handling and Disposal References and Resources Best Manageme~t Practices Program for Pollution Prevention, City and County of San Francisco, Uribe & Associates1 Oak1an~ California, 1990. Harvard University. 2002. Solid Waste Container Best Management Practices -Fact Sheet On- Line Resources -Environmental Health and Safety. Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To-Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commissio1l1 Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Govemments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. July 1998. (Revised FebrualY 2002 by the California Coastal Commission). Orange County Stonnwater Program htt;p:llwww.ocwatersheds.com/StormWaterlswp introduction.asp. Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 1997 Urban Runoff Management Plan. September 1997, updated October 2000 . 40f4 California Stormwater BM!> Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • Road and Street Maintenance SC~70 Description Streets, roads1 and highways are significant sources of pollutants in stonnwater discharges, and operation and maintenance (O&M) practices, if not conducted properly, can contribute to the problem. Stormwater pollution from roadway and bridge maintenance should be addressed on a site-specific basis. Use of the procedures outlined below~ that address street sweeping and repair, bridge and structure maintenance~ and unpaved roads will reduce pollutants in stormwater. Approach PoUution Prevention • Use the least toxic materials available (e.g. water based paints, gels 01' sprays for graffiti removal) • Recycle paint and other materials whenever possible. • Enlist the help of citizens to keep yard waste, used oil, and other wastes out of the gutter. Suggested Protocols Street Sweeping and Cleaning • Maintain a consistent sweeping schedule. Provide minimum monthly sweeping of curbed streets. • PeIfonn street cleaning during dry weather if possible. January 2003 california Stormwater BM!> Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Objectives • Cover • Contain • Educate • Reduce!Minimize .. Product Substitution Targeted Constit~ents .- Sediment ~ Nutrients Trash ~ Metals ~ Bacteria Oil and Grease ~ Organics fir Oxygen Demanding ~ ("f,J ~r(~eh1;\ ::-1t~i~.f;\1t"iTtt< r_~~ /"i U'-!';. ; 'l!t L\:t ... ". 1 of9 SC-70 Road and Street Maintenance • Avoid wet cleaning or flushing of street1 and utilize dry methods where possible. • Consider increasing sweeping frequency based on factors such as traffic volume, land use1 field observations of sediment and trash accumulation1 proximity to water courses, etc. For example: Increase the sweeping frequency for streets ,'\lith high pollutant loadings: especially in high traffic and industrial areas. Increase the sweeping frequency just before the '\-vet season to remove sec;liments accumulated dUliug the summer. Increase the sweeping frequency for streets in special problem areas such as special events, high litter or erosion zones. • Maintain cleaning equipment in good working condition and purchase replacement equipment as needed Old sweepers should be replaced with new technologically advanced $weepers (preferably regenerative air sweepers) that maximize pollutant removal: • Operate sweepers at manufacturer requested optimal speed levels to increase effectiveness. • To increase sweeping effectiveness consider the following: Institute a parking policy to restrict parking in problematic areas duling periods of street sweeping. Post permanent street sweeping signs in problematic areas; use temporary signs if installation of permanent signs is not possible. Develop and distribute flyers notifying residents of street sweeping schedules. • Regularly inspect vehicles and equipment for leaks, and repair immediately. • If available use vacuum or regenerative air sweepers in the high sediment and trash areas (typically industrial/commercial). • Keep accurate logs of the number of curb-miles swept and the amount of waste collected. • Dispose of street sweeping debris and diIt at a landfill. • Do not store S\'V'ept material along the side of the street or near a storm drain inlet. • Keep debris storage to a minimum during the wet season or make sure debris piles are contained (e.g. by bermiug the area) or covered (e.g. with tarps or permanent covers). Street Repair and Maintenance Pavement marking • • Schedule pavement marking activities for dIyweather. 20f9 California Storm water BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • • Road and-Street Maintenance SC-70 • Develop paint handling procedures for proper use, storage, and disposal of paints. • Transfer and load paint and hot thermoplastic away from storm drain inlets. • Provide drop cloths and drip pans in paint mixing areas. • Properly maintain application equipment. • Street sweep thermoplastic grindings. Yellow thermoplastic grindings may require special handling as they may contain lead. • Paints containing lead or tributyltin are considered a hazardous waste and must be disposed of properly. • Use water based paints whenever possible. If using water based paints, clean the application equipment in a sink that is connected to the sanitary sewer. • Properly store leftover paints if they are to be kept for the next job, or dispose of properly. Concrete installation and repair • Schedule asphalt and concrete activities for dry weather. • Take measures to protect any nearby storm drain inlets and adjacent watercourses, prior to breaking up asphalt or concrete (e.g. place san bags around inlets or work areas). • Limit the amount of fresh concrete or cement mortar mixed, m.i~ only what is needed for the job. • Store concrete materials under cover, away from drainage areas. Secure bags of cement after they are open. Be sure to keep wind-blown cement powder away from streets, gutters, storm drains, rainfall, and runoff. • Return leftover materials to the transit mixer. Dispose of small amounts of hardened excess concrete1 grout, and mortar in the trash. • Do not wash sweepings from exposed aggregate concrete into the street or storm drain. Conect and return sweepings to aggregate base stockpile, or dispose in the trash. • When making saw cuts in pavement, use as little water as possible and perform during dry weather. Cover each storm. drain inlet completely with filter fabric or pl~tic dUi.ing th~ sawing operation and contain the slurry by placing straw bales} sandbags, 'Or gravel dams around the inlets. Mer the liquid drains or evaporates, shovel or vacuum the slunyresidue from the pavement or gutter and remove from site. Alternatively, a small onsite vacuum may be used to pick up the slurry as this will prolribit slurry from reaching storm drain inlets. • ''\Tash concrete trucks off site or in designated areas on site designed to preclude discharge of wash water to drainage system . January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 301'9 • SC-70 Road and Street Maintena,nce Patching, reswjacing, and sll1jace sealing • Schedule patching, resurfacing and sUlface sealing for dry weather. • Stockpile materials away from streets, gutter areas, storm drain inl~ or watercourses. During wet weather, cover stockpiles with plastic tarps or berm around them if necessary to prevent transport of materials in runoff. • Pre-heat, transfer or load hot bitUIninous material away from drainage systems or watercourses. • Where applicable, cover and seal nearby storm drain inlets (with waterproof material or mesh) and maintenance holes before applying seal coat, slurry seal, etc. Leave. covers in place uutiljob is complete and until all water from emulsified oil sealants has drained or evaporated. Clean any debris from covered maintenance holes and storm drain inlets when the job is complete. • Prevent excess material from exposed aggregate concrete or similar treatments from entering streets or storm drain inlets. Designate au area for clean up and proper disposal of . excess materials. • Use only as: much water as necessary for dust contro4 to avoid runoff. . • • Sweep, never hose down streets to clean up tracked dirt. Use a street sweeper Qrvacuum '-, truck. Do not dump vacuumed li9uid in storm drains. • Catch drips from paving equipment that is not in use with pans or absorbent material placed under the machines. Dispose of collected material and absorbents properly. Equipment cleaning maintenance and storage • Inspect equipment daily and repair any leaks. Place drip pans or absorbent matelials under heavy equipment when not in use. • Perform major equipment repairs at the corporation yard, when practical. • If refueling or repairing vehicles and equipment must be done onsite, use a location away from storm drain inlets and watercourses. • Clean equipment including sprayers, sprayer paint supply lines, patch and paving equipment, and mud jacking equipment at the end of eacll day. Clean in a sink or other area . (e.g. vehicle wash area) that is connected to the sanitary sewer. Bridge and Structure Maintenance Paint and Paint Removal • Transport paint and materials to and from job sites in containers with secure lids and tied down to the transport vehicle. • Do 110t transfer 01' load paint Ilear storm drain inlets or watercourses. 40f9 California Stormwater 8M!> Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • • • Road and Street Maintenance SC-70 • Test and inspect spray equipment prior to starting to paint. Tighten all hoses and connections and do not overfill paint container. • Plug nearby storm drain inlets prior to starting painting where there is significant risk of a spillreachillg storm drains. Remove plugs when job is completed. • If sand blasting is used to remove paint, cover nearby storm drain inlets prior to starting work. • PeliOlID work on a maintenance traveler or platform, or use suspended netting or tarps to capture paint, rust, paint removing agents, or other materials, to prevent discharge of materials to surface waters if the bridge crosses a watercourse. If sanding, use a sander 'with a vacuum filter bag. • Capture all clean-up water, and dispose of properly_ • Recycle paint when possible (e.g. paint may be used for graffiti removal activities). Dispo~e of unused paint at an appropriate household hazardous waste facility. Graffiti Removal • Schedule graffiti removal activities for dry weather . • Protect nearby storm drain inlets prior to removing graffiti from walls, signs, sidewalks, or other structures needing graffiti abatement. Clean up aftelwards by sweeping or vacuuming thoroughly, and/or by using absorbent and properly disposing of the absorbent. • When graffiti is removed by painting over, implement the procedures under Painting and Paint Removal above. • Direct nmoff from sand blasting and high pressure washing (with no cleaning agents) into a landscaped or dirt area. If such an area is not available, filter runoff through an appropriate filtering device (e.g. filter fabric) to keep sand, particles, and debris out of stOlID drains. • If a graffiti abatement method generates wash water containing a cleaning compound (such as high pressure washing with a cleaning compound), plug nearby storm drains and vacuunljpump wash water to the sanitary sewer. • Consider using a waterless and non-toxic chemical cleaning method for graffiti removal (e.g. gels or spray compounds). Repair Work • Prevent concrete, steel, wood, metal parts, tools, or other work materials from entering storm drains 01' watercourses. • Thoroughly clean up the job site when the repair work is completed • When cleaning guardrails or fences follow the appropriate surface cleaning methods (depending on the type of surface) outlined in SC-71 Plaza & Sidewalk Cleaning fact sheet. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Munidpal www.cabmphandbooks.com 50f9 • SC-70 Road and Street Maintenance • If painting is conducted, follow the painting and paint removal procedures above. • . If graffiti removal is conducted, follow the graffiti removal procedures above. • If constmction takes place, see the Construction Activity BMP Handbook. • Recycle materials whenever possible. Unpaved Roads and Trails • Stabilize exposed soil areas to prevent soil from eroding during rain events. This is particularly impOltant on steep slopes. • For roadside areas with exposed soils, the most cost-effective choice is to vegetate the area, preferably with a mulch or binder that will hold the soils in place while the vegetation is establishing. Native vegetation should be used if possible. • If vegetation cannot be established immediately, apply temporary erosion control matsfblankets; a comma straw, or gravel as appropriate. • If sediment is already eroded and mobilized in roadside areas, temporary controls should be installed. These may include: sediment control fences, fabric-covered triangular dikes, gravel-filled burlap bags, biobags, or hay bales staked in place. Non-Stormwater Discharges Field crews should be aware of non-stonnwater discharges as part of their ongoing street maintenance effOlts. • Refer to SC-IO Non-Stormwater Discharges • Identify location, time and estimated quantity of discharges. • Notify appropriate personnel. Training • Train employees regarding proper street sweeping operation and street repair and maintenance. • Instruct employees and subcontractors to ensure that measures to reduce the storm water impacts of roadway/bridge maintenance are being followed. • Require engineering staff and/or consulting AlE firms to address stonnwater quality in new bridge designs 01' existing bridge retrofits. • Use a training log or similar method to document training. • Train employees on proper spill containment aud clean up, and in identifying non- stonnwater discharges. 6of9 California Storm water BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • • \ ' Road and Street Maintenance SC-70 Spill Response and Prevention • Refer to SC-1l1 Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup. • Keep your Spill Prevention Control and coulltenneasure (SpeC) plan up-to-date, and implement accordingly. • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location. • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. Other Considerations • Densely populated areas 01' heavily used streets may require parking regulations to clear streets for cleaning. • No currently available conventional sweeper is effective at removing oil and grease. Mechanical sweepers are not effective at removing finer sediments. • Limitations may arise in the location of new bridges. 'The availability and cost ofland and other economic and political factors may dictate where the placement of a new bridge Will occur. Better design of the bridge to control runoff is required if it is being placed neal' sensitive waters. Requirements Costs • The maintenance of local roads and bridges is already a consideration of most community public works or transportation departments. Therefore, the cost of pollutant reducing management practices will involve the training and equipment required to implement these new practices. • TIle largest expenditures for street sweeping programs are in staffing and equipment. The capital cost for a couventional street sweeper is between $60,000 and $120,000. Newer technologies might have prices approaching $180,000. 'The average useful life of a conventional sweeper is about four years, and programs must budget for equipment replacement. Sweeping frequencies will determine equipment life, so programs that sweep more often should expect to have a higher cost of replacement. • A street sweeping program may require the following. Sweeper operators, maintenance, supervisory, and administrative personnel are required. Traffic control officers may be required to enforce parking restrictions. Skillful design of cleaning routes is required for program to be productive. Arrangements must be made for disposal of collected wastes. January 2003 california Stormwater BMP Handbook Munidpal www.cabmphandbooks.com 7of9 SC-70 Road and Street Maintenance • If investing in newer technologies1 training for operators must be included in operation and maintenance budgets. Costs for public education are small, and mostly deal with the need to obey parking restrictions and litter control. Parking tickets are an effective reminder to obey parking rules, as well as being a source of revenue. Maintenance • Not applicable Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP Street sweeping There are advantages and disadvantages to the two common types of sweepers. The best choice depends on your specific conditions. Many communities find it useful to have a compliment of both types in their fleet. Mechanical Broom Sweepers -More effective .at.picking up large debris and cleaning. wet streets. Less costly to purchase and operate. Create more airborne dust. Vacuum Sweepers -More effective at removing fine particles and associated heavy metals. Ineffective at cleaning wet streets. Noisier than mechanical broom sweepers wIrich may restrict areas or times of operation. May require an advance velricle to remove large debris. Street Flushers -Not affected by biggest interference to cleaning, parked cars. May remove finer sediments, moving them toward the gutter and stormwater inlets. For this reason1 flushing fell out of favor and is now used prinlarily after sweeping. Flushing may be effective for combined sewer systems. Presently street flushing is not allowed under most NPDES permits. Cross-Media Transfer of Pollutants The California Air Resources Board (ARB) has established state ambient air quality standards including a standard for respirable particulate matter (less than or equal to 10 microns in diameter, symbolized as PMlO). In the effOlt to sweep up finer sediments to remove attached heavy metals, municipalities should be aware that fine dust, that cannot be captured by the sweeping equipment and becomes airborne, could lead to issues of worker and public safety. Bridges Bridges that cany vehicular traffic generate some of tlle more direct discharges of runoff to surface waters. Bridge scupper drains cause a direct discharge of storm water into receiving waters and have been shown to cany relatively hlgh concentrations of pollutants. Bridge maintenance also generates wastes that may be either directly depOSited to the water below or carried to the receiving water by storIllwater. The following steps will help reduce the stormwater impacts ofblidge maintenance: • Site new bridges so that significant adverse impacts to wetlands, sensitive areas, critical habitat, and riparian vegetation are minimized. 8of9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2Q03 • Road and Street Maintenance SC-70 • Design new bridges to avoid the use of scupper drains and route runoff to land for treatment control Existing scupper drains should be cleaned on a regular basis to avoid sediment/debris accumulation. • Reduce the discharge of pollutants to surface waters during maintenance by using . suspended traps, vacuums, or booms in the water to capture paint: rust: and paint removing agents. Many of these wastes may be hazardous. Properly dispose of this waste by refening to CA21 (Hazardous Waste Management) in the Construction Handbook. • Train employees and subcontractors to reduce the discharge of wastes during blidge maintenance. De-icing • Do not over-apply deicing salt and sand, and routinely calibrate spreaders. • Near reservoirs, restrict the application of deicing salt and redirect any runoff away from reservoirs. • Consider using altel'l1ative deicing agents (less toxic, biodegradable, etc.). ReferenceS! and Resources Model Urban Rmloff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commission, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board July. 199B. Orange County Stormwater Program http:l,byww.ocwatersheds.com/stormwaterls}Yp introduction.asp Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies. Oregon Municipal Stormwater Toolbox for Maintenance Practices. June 1998. Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Progranl. 1997 Urban Runoff Management Plan. September 1997, updated October 2000. Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 2001. Fresh Concrete and Mortar Application Best Management Practices for the Consh'Uction Industry. June. Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 2001. Roadwork and Paving Best Management Practices for the ConstI'Uction IndustIy. June. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Roadway and Bridge Maintenance. On-line http://www.epa.gov/npdes/menuofhmps/pollI3·htm Janual)' 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 90f9 • • Landscape Maintenance Description Landscape maintenance activities include vegetation removal; herbicide and insecticide application; fertilizer application; wateling; and other gardening and lawn care practices. Vegetation control typically involves a combination of chemical (herbicide) application and mechanical methods. All of these maintenance practices have the potential to contribute pollutants to the storm drain system. The major objectives of this BMP are to minimize the discharge of pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers to the storm drain system and receiving waters; prevent the disposal oflandscape waste into the storm drain system by collecting and properly disposing of clippings and cuttings, and educating employees and the public. Approach Pollution Prevention • Implement an integrated pest management (lPM) program. IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, culhu'al, physical1 and chemical tools. • Choose low water using flowers, trees, shrubs, and groundcover. • Consider alternative landscaping techniques such as naturescaping and xeriscaping. • Conduct appropriate maintenance (Le. properly timed fertilizing, weeding, pest control, and pruning) to help preserve the landscapes water efficiency. JanualY 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SC-73 Objectives • Contain • Educate • ReducelMinimize • Product Substitution Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Oxygen Demanding ~::\l,ir(jR~lA SrO!~M\V /\ rn~ q~ '';.1 !~i.' ,\ .. ,,~~':. '.<\i:·~~'v lofG • SC-73 Landscape Maintenc;tnce • Consider grass cycling (grass cycling is the nanu'al recycling of grass by leaving the clippings on the lawn when mowing. Grass clippings decompose quickly and release valuable nutrients back into the lawn). . Suggested Protocols Mowing1 Trimming, and Weeding • Whenever possible use mechanica1methods of vegetation removal (e.g mowing with tractor- type or push mowers, hand cutting with gas or electric powered weed trimmers) rather than applying herbicides. Use hand weeding where practical. • Avoid loosening the soil when conducting mechanical or manual weed control, this could lead to erosion. Use mu1ch or other erosion control measures when soils are exposed. • Performing mmving at optimal times. Mowing shou1d not be performed if significant rain events are predicted. • Mulching mowers may be recommended for certain flat areas. Other teclmiques may be employed to minimize mowing such as selective vegetative planting using low maintenance grasses and shrubs. • Collect lawn and garden clippings1 pruning waste, tree trillllllings, and weeds. Chip if necessaIY, and compost or dispose of at a landfill (see waste management section of this fact sheet). • Place temporarily stockpiled material away from watercourses, and berm or cover stockpiles to prevent material releases to storm drains. Planting • Determine existing native vegetation features (location, species, size, function1 importance) and consider the feasibility of protecting them. Consider elements such as their effect on drainage and erosion, hardiness, maintenance requirements, and possible conflicts between preserving vegetation and the resulting maintenance needs. • Retain andlor plant selected native vegetation whose features are determined to be beneficial, where feasible. Native vegetation usually requires less maintenance (e.g., irrigation, fertilizer) than planting new vegetation. • Consider using low water use groundcovers when planting or replanting. Waste Management • Compost leaves, sticks, or other collected vegetation or dispose of at a permitted landfill. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into watenvays or storm drainage systelns. • Place temporarily stockpiled material away from watercourses and storm drain inlets, and berm or cover stockpiles to prevent material releases to the storm drain system. • Reduce the use of high :Qitrogen fertilizers that produce excess growth requiring more frequent mowing or trinlming. 2of6 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cahmphandbooks.com January 2003 • • • Landscape Maintenance SC-73 • Avoid landscape wastes in and aroulld storm drain inlets by either using bagging equipment or by manually picking up the material. Irrigation • Where practical, use automatic timers to minimize runoff. • Use popup sprinkler heads in areas with a lot of activity or where there is a chance the pipes may be broken. COllSider the use of mechanisms that reduce water flow to sprinkler heads if broken. • Ensure that there is no runoff from the landscaped area(s) if re-Claimed 'water is used "for irrigation. • Ifbailing of muddy water is required (e.g. when repairing a water line leak), do not put it in the storm drain; pour over landscaped area~. • hTigate slowly or pulse irrigate to prevent runoff and then only inigate as much as is needed. • Apply water at rates that do not exceed the infiltration rate of the soil. Fertilizer and Pesticide Management • Utilize a comprehensive management system that incorpqrates integrated pest management (!PM) techniques. TIIere are many methods and types of IPM, including the following: Mulching can be used to prevent weeds where turf is absent, fencing installed to keep rodents out, and netting used to keep birds and insects away from leaves and fr·uit. Visible insects can be removed by hand (with gloves or tweezers) mId placed in soapy water or vegetable oil. Alternatively, insects can be sprayed off the plant ,vith water or in some cases vacuumed off oflargerplants. Store-bought traps, such as species-specific, pheromone-based traps or colored sticky cards, can be used. Slugs can be trapped in small cups filled with beer that are set in the ground so the slugs can get in easily. In cases where microscopic parasites, such as bacteria and fungi, are causing damage to plants, the affected plant material can be removed and disposed of (pruning equipmellt should be disinfected with bleach to prevent spreading the disease organism). Small manllllals and birds can be excluded using fences, netting, tree trunk guards. Beneficial organisms, such as bats, birds, green lacewings, ladybugs, praying mantis, ground beetles, parasitic nematodes, trichogramma wasps~ seed head weevils, and spiders that prey on detrimental pest species can be promoted . • Follow all federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing the use, storage, and disposal of fertilizers and pesticides and training of applicators and pest control advisors. January 2003 California stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com I 30f6i ...... --~ • • • SC-73 Landscape Maintenance • Use pesticides only if there is an actual pest problem (not on a regular preventative schedule). • Do not use pesticides if rain is expected. Apply pesticides only when wind speeds are low (less than 5 mph). • Do not mix or prepare pesticides for application near storm drains. • Prepare the minimum amount of pesticide needed for the job and use the lowest rate that will effectively cOlltrol the pest. • Employ techniques to minimize off-target application (e.g. spray drift) of pesticides, including consideration of altemative application techniques. • Fertilizers should be worked into the soil rather than dumped or broadcast onto the surface. • Calibrate fertilizer and pesticide application equipment to avoid excessive application. • Periodically test soils for determining proper fertilizer use. • Sweep pavement and sidewalk if feltilizer is spilled on. these surfaces before applying inigation water . • Purchase only the amount of pesticide that you can reasonably use in a given time period (month or year depending on the product). • Tliple linse containers, and use linse water as product. Dispose of unused pesticide as hazardous waste. • Dispose of empty pesticide containers according to the instructions on the container label. Inspection • Inspect irrigation system periodically to ensure that the light anlount of water is being applied and that excessive runoff is not occuning. Minimize excess watering, and repair leaks in the inigation system as soon as they are observed. • Inspect pesticidejfeltilizer equipment and transpOltation vehicles daily. Training • Educate and train employees on use of pesticides and in pesticide application techniques to prevent pollution. Pesticide application must be under the supervision of a California qualified pesticide applicator. • Trainj encourage municipal maintenance crews to use IPM techniques for managing public green areas. • Annually train employees within departments responsible for pesticide application on the appropriate portions of the agency's IPM Policy, SOPs, and BMPs, and the latest IPM techniques. 4of6 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 Landscape Maintenance SC-73 • Employees who are not authorized and trained to apply pesticides should be periodically (at least annually) informed that they cmmot use over-the-counter pesticides in or around the workplace. • Use a training log or similar method fo document training. Spill Response and Prevention • Refer to SC-ll~ Spill Prevention1 Control & Cleanup • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a know in location • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. Other Considerations • The Federal Pesticide, Fungicide, mId Rodenticide Act and California Title 31 Division 6, Pesticides and Pest Control Operations place strict controls over pesticide application and handling and specify training, annual refresher, and testing requirements. The regulations generally cover: a list of approved pesticides and selected uses~ updated reguhJ.r1y; general application information; equipment use and maintenance procedm-es; and record keeping. The Califomia Department of Pesticide Regulations and the County Agricultural Commission coordinate and maintain the licensing and certification progr~. All public agency employees who apply pesticides and herbicides in "agricultural use" areas such as parks, golf courses, rights-of-way and recreation areas should be properly certified in accordance with state regulations. Contracts for landscape maintenance should include similar requirements. • All employees who handle pesticides should be familiar with the most recent material safety data sheet (MSDS) files. . • Municipalities do not have the authority to regulate the use of pesticides by school districts, however the California Healthy Schools Act of 2000 (AB 2260) has imposed requirements on California school districts l'egarding pesticide use in schools. Posting of notification prior to the application of pesticides is now required, and !PM is stated as the preferred approach to pest management in schools . . Requirements Costs Additional training of municipal employees will be required to address IPM techniques and BMPs. IPM methods will likely increase labor cost for pest control which may be offset by lower chemical costs. Maintenance Not applicable January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook. Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 50fG SC-73 Landscape Maintenance Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP l'Vaste Management Composting is one of the better disposal altematives if locally available. Most municipalities either have or are planning yard waste composting facilities as a means of reducing the amount of waste going.1Q the landfill. Lawn clippings from municipal maintenance programs as well as private sources would probably be compatible with most composting facilities Contractors and Other Pesticide Users Municipal agencies should develop and implement a process to ensure that any contractor employed to conduct pest control and pesticide application on municipal property engages in pest control methods consistent with the IPM Policy adopted by the agency. Specifically, municipalities should require contractors to follow the agency's IPM policy, SOPs, and BMPs; provide evidence to the agency of having received training on current IPM techniques when . feasible; provide documentation of pesticide use on agency property to the agency in a timely manner. References and Resources King County Stormwater Pollution Control Manual. Best Management Practices for Businesses. 1995. King County Smface Water Management. July. On-line: http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm Los Angeles County Storm water Quality Model Programs. Public Agency Activities http://ladpw.orglwmd/npdes/modellinks.cfin Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Rlmoff Programs for Small Mmricipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Comlnission, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Govermnents, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. July. 1998. Orange County Stormwater Program http://www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWaterlsvrn introduction. asp Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 1997 Urban Runoff Management Plan. September 1997, updated October 2000. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good . Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Landscaping and Lawn Care. Office of Water. Office'of Wastewater Management. On-line: http=!/www.epa.gov!npdes!menuofbmps/poIl8.htm 60f6 California Stormwater BM!> Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 Housekeeping Practices SC-60 Description Promote efficient and safe housekeeping practices (storage, use, and cleanup) when handling potentially harmful materials such as fertilizers, pesticides, cleaning solutions, paint products, automotive products, and swimming pool chemicals. Related information is provided in BMP fact sheets SC-ll Spill' Prevention, Control & Cleanup and SC-34 Waste Handling & Disposal. Approach Pollution Prevention • Purchase only the amount of material that will be needed for foreseeable use. In most cases this will result in cost savings in both purchasing and disposal. See SC-61 Safer Alternative Products for additional information. • Be aware of nmv products that may do the same job with less environmental risk and for less 01' the equivalent cost. Total cost must be used here; this includes purchase price, transpOltation costs, storage costs, use related costs, clean up costs and disposal costs. Suggested Protocols General • Keep work sites clean and orderly. Remove debris in a timely fashion. Sweep the area. • Dispose of wash water, sweepings, and sediments, properly. • Recycle or dispose of fluids properly. • Establish a daily checklist of office, yard and plant areas to confirm cleanliness and adherence to proper storage and security. Specific employees should be assigned specific inspection responsibilities and given the authority to remedy any problems found. • Post waste disposal charts in appropriate locations detailing for each waste its hazardous nature (poison, corrosive, flammable), prohibitions on its disposal (dumpster, drain, sewer) and the recommended disposal method (recycle, sewer, burn, storage, landfill). • Summarize the chosen BMPs applicable to your operation and post them in appropriate conspicuous places. January 2Q03 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Objectives • Cover • Contain • Educate • Reduce/Minimize • Product Substitution' Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Oxygen Demanding =r~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Ii1 (" t)t!F~"'lRA1;\ sri)~'5\: -,\1·ti~ !>:~.\!~~:. ~"·."t1':';i:~:·. lof3 • • SC-60 Housekeeping Practices • Require a signed checklist from evelY user of any hazardous material detailing amount taken, amount used, amount returned and disposal of spent material. • Do a before audit of your site to establish baseline conditions and regular subsequent audits to note any changes and whether conditions are improving or deteriorating. • Keep records of water, air and solid waste quantities and quality tests and their disposition. • Maintain a mass balance of incoming, outgoing and on hand materials so you know when there are unknown losses that need to be tracked down and accounted for. • Use and reward employee suggestions related to BMPs, hazards, pollution reduction, work place safety, cost reduction, alternative materials and procedures, recycling and disposal. • Have, and review regularly, a contingency plan for spills, leaks, weather extremes etc. Make sure all employees know about it and what their role is so that it comes into force automatically. Training • Train all employees, management, office, yard, manufacturing, field and clerical in BMPs and pollution prevention and make them accountable . • Train municipal employees who handle potentially harmful materials in good housekeeping practices. • Train personnel who use pesticides in the proper use of the pesticides. The California Department of Pesticide Regulation license pesticide dealers, certify pesticide applicators and conduct onsite inspections. • Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill contain~nent and cleanup. The employee should have the tools and knowledge to inlmediately begin cleaniilg up a spill if one should occur. Spill Response and Prevention • Refer to SC-n, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup. • Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SpeC) plant up-to-date, and implement accordingly. • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location. • Cleanup spills immediately and use my methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. Other Considerations • There are no major limitations to this best management practice. • • There are no regulatory requirements todthiS BMP. Existing regulation IS already require (" municipalities to properly store, use, an dispose of hazardous materia s 2of3 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 Housekeeping Practices SC-60 Requirements Costs • Minimal cost associated with this BMP. Implementation of good housekeeping practices may result in cost savings as these procedures may reduce the need for more costly BMPs. Maintenance • Ongoing maintenance required to keep a clean site. Level of effort is a function of site size and type of activities. Supplemental Information Further Detail afthe BMP • The California Integrated Waste Management Board's Recycling Hotline, 1-800-553-2962, provides information on household hazardous waste collection programs and facilities. Examples There are a number of communities with effective programs. The most pro-active include Santa Clara County and the City of Palo Alto~ the City and County of San Francisco, and the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle (Metro). References and Resources British Columbia Lake Ste\vardship Society. Best Management Practices to Protect Water Quality from Non-Point Source Pollution. March 2000. http://www.nalms.orglbclss/bmphome.html#bmp King County Storm'water Pollution Control Manual-htf;p:/fdnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities, Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Connnission1 Monterey Bay National Maline Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control :Board. July, 1998, Revised by California Coastal Commission, February 2002. Orange County Stormwatel' Program htt.p://www.ocwatersheds.com/stormwaterjsw introduction. asp San Mateo STOPPP -(http://stoppp.tripod.cOln/bmp.html) January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook IVlunlcipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 30f3 • (e Parking/Storage Area Maintenance SC-43 Description Parking lots and storage areas can contribute a number of substances, such as trash~ suspended solids, hydrocarbons~ oil and grease, and heavy metals that can enter receiving waters through storm water runoff or non-storm water discharges. The following protocols are intended to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants from parking/ storage areas and include using good housekeeping practices~ following appropliate cleaning BMPs, and training employees. Approach PoUution Prevention • Encourage alternative designs and maintenance strategies for impervious parking lots. (See New Development and Redevelopment BMP Handbook). • Keep accurate maintenance logs to evaluate BMP implementation. Suggested Protocols General • Keep the parking and storage areas clean and orderly. Remove debris in a timely fashion. • Allow sheet runoff to flow into biofilters (vegetated strip and swale) and! or inftltration devices. • Utilize sand filters or oleophilic collectors for oily waste in low concentrations. January 2003 California stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal W'.'Vw.cabmphandbooks.com Objectives • Cover • Contain • Educate • ReducefMinimize • Product Substitution Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Oxygen Demanding f.':'\.UfO~'W-\ ~~r-:)r.,\4·}\" t\ ttR l~::\i~J·. "I.~,,!'( iXi'-::·.', lof4 • SC-43 Parking/Storage Area Maintenance • AlTange rooftop drains to prevent drainage directly onto paved sUlfaces. • Design lot to include semi-permeable hardse·ape. Controlling Litter • Post "No Littering" signs and enforce anti-litter laws. • Provide an adequate number of litter receptacles. • Clean out and cover litter receptacles frequently to prevent spillage. • Provide trash receptacles in parking lots to discourage litter. • Routinely sw·eep, shovel and dispose of litter in the trash. Swjace cleaning • Use my cleaning methods (e.g. sweeping or vacuuming) to prevent the discharge of pollutants into the storm water conveyance system. • Establish frequency of public parking lot sweepUlg based on usage and field observations of waste accumulation. • Sweep all parking lots at least once before the onset of the wet season. • If water is used follow the procedures below: Block the storm drain or contain runoff. Wash water should be collected and pumped to the sanitary sewer or discharged to a· pervious surface, do not allow wash water to enter storm drains. Dispose of parking lot sweeping deblis and dirt at a landfill. • When cleaning heavy oily deposits: Use absorbent materials on oily spots prior to sweeping or washing. Dispose of used absorbents appropriately. Swj'ace Repair • Pre-heat, transfer or load hot bituminous material away from storm drain inlets. • Apply concrete, asphalt, and seal coat during dry weather to prevent contamination form contacting storlllwater runoff. • Cover and seal nearby storm drain inlets (with waterproof material or mesh) and manholes before applying seal coat, slurry seal, etc., where applicable. Leave covers in place until job is complete and until all water from emulsified oil sealants has drained or evaporated. Clean any debris from these covered manholes and drains for proper disposal. 20f4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • Parking/Storage Area MaintenanceSC-43 • Use only as much water as necessary for dust control, to avoid runoff. • Catch drips from paving equipment that is not in use with pans or absorbent material placed under the machines. Dispose of collected material and absorbents properly. Inspection • Have designated personnel conduct inspections of the parking facilities and stOlmwater conveyance systems associated with them on a regular basis. • Inspect cleaning equipment/sweepers for leaks on a regular basis. Training • Provide regular training to field employees and/or contractors regarding cleaning of paved areas and proper operation of equipment. . • Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup_. Spill Response and Prevention • Refer to SC-1l1 Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup. • Keep your Spill Prevention Control and COllltermeasure (SPCC) plan up-ta-date, nad implement accordingly. • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location. • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. Other Considerations • Limitations related to sweeping activities at large parking facilities may include high equipment costs, the need for sweeper operator training, and the inability of current sweeper technology to remove oil and grease. Requirements Costs Cleanin.g/sweeping costs can be quite large, construction and maintenance of stormwater structural controls can be quite expensive as well. Maintenance • Sweep parking lot to minimize cleaning with water. • Clean out oilfwater / sand separators regularlY1 especially after heavy st01ms. • Clean parking facilities on a regular basis to prevent accumulated wastes and pollutants from being discharged into conveyance systems during rainy conditions. January 2003 CalifornIa Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 30f4 • SC-43 Parking/Storage Area Maintenance Supplemental Information Further Detail Qfthe BMP SWface Repair Apply concrete, asphalt, and seal coat during dry weather to prevent contamination fOrIn contacting stormwater runoff. Where applicable, cover and seal nearby storm dl'ain inlets (with waterproof material or mesh) and manholes before applying seal coat, slurry seal, etc. Leave covers in place until job is complete and until all water from emulsified oil sealants has dr~ined or evaporated. Clean any debris from these covered manholes and drains for propel' disposal. Use only as much water as necessary for dust conh'ol1 to avoid runoff. References and Resources http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan htf;p:llwvvw.swrcb.ca.gov/npslinde."'C.html Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coa.stal Commission1 Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Govemments1 Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality control Board. July 1998 (Revised February 2002 bytbe California Coastal Commission). Orange County Stormwater Progranl http://www.ocwatersheds.comJStormWater/swp_inh"Oduction.asp Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies. Oregon Municipal StormwaterToolbox for Maintenance Practices. June 1998. Pollution from Surface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association (BASMAA) http://www.basma.org Sal). Diego Stormwater Co-permittees JUlisdictional Urban Runoff Management Program (URMP) http:!hNww.projectc1eanwater.org/pd:(!Model%2oProgram%2oMunicipal%2oFacilities.pdf 40f4 Califomla Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 Building &. Grounds Maintenance SC-41 Description Stormwater runoff from building and grounds maintenance activities can be contaminated with toxic hydrocarbons in solvents, fertilizers and pesticides, suspended solids, heavy metals, and abnormal pH. Utilizing the following protocols will prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from building and grounds maintenance activities by washing and cleaning up with as little water as possible, following good landscape management practices, preventing and cleaning up spills immediately, keeping debris from entering the storm drains, and maintaining the storm water collection system. Approach Pollution Prevention • Switch to non-toxic chemicals for maintenance when possible. • Choose cleaning agents that can be recycled. • Encourage propel' law11 management and landscaping, including use of native vegetation. • Encourage use of Integrated Pest Management techniques for pest controL • Encourage propel' onsite recycling of yard trimmings. • Recycle residual paints, solvents, lumber, and other material as much as possible. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Objectives If" fl .. 'MI'· ...... -: • Cover • Contain • Educate • Reduce/Minimize • Product Substitution ,..'¢"""Tt' ... MW"'!.,............,.....,. Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Oxygen Demanding Ct\J~!FOl~jA Sf(m; .. J1N 1\ rEE '~'!.' ',; ;..: '" ':, .~ ...... { : " i ~'.~' , 1 of 5 SC-41 Building &. Grounds Maintenance Suggested hotocols Pressllre Washing a/Buildings} Rooftops, and Other Large Objects • In situations where soaps or detergents are used and the surrounding area is paved; pressure washers must use a waste water collection device that enables collection of wash water and associated solids. A sump pump, wet vacuum or similarly effective device must be used to collect the runoff and loose materials. TIle collected runoff and solids must be disposed of properly. • If soaps or detergents are not used: and the surrounding area is paved, wash water runoff does not have to be collected but must be screened. Pressure washers must use filterfabric or some other type of screen on the ground and/or in he catch basin to trap the particles in wash water runoff. • If you are pressure washing on a grassed area (with or ·without soap): runoff must be dispersed as sheet flow as much as possible, rather than as a concentrated stream. The wash runoff must remain on the grass and not drain to pavement Ensure that this practice does not kill grass. Landscaping Activities • Do not apply any chemicals (insecticide, herbicide: or fertilizer) directly to surface waters, unless the application is approved and permitted by the ~tate. • Dispose of grass clippings, leaves, sticks, or other collected vegetation as garbage, or by composting. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into waterways or storm drainage systems. • Use mulch or other erosion control measures on exposed soils. • Check irrigation schedules so pesticides will not be washed away and to minimize non- storimvater discharge. Building Repair, Remodeling, and Constr.uction • Do not dump any toxic substance or liquid waste on the pavement, the ground, or toward a storm drain. • Use ground or drop cloths underneath outdoor painting, scraping, and sandblasting work, and properly dispose of collected material daily. • Use a ground cloth 01' oversized tub for activities such as paint mixing and tool cleaning. • Clean paint brushes and tools covered with water-based paints in sinks connected to sanitary sewers or in portable containers that can be dumped into a sanitary sewer drain. Brushes and tools covered 'with non-water-based paints, finishes, or other materials must be cleaned in a manner that enables collection of used solvents (e.g'1 paint thinner, turpentine, etc.) for recycling or proper disposal 2 of 5 California storm water BMP Handbook Municipal www.cahmphandbooks.com January 2003 Building &. Grounds Maintenance SC ... 41 • Use a storm drain cover, filter fabric, or similarly effective runoff control mechanism if dust, grit, wash ,vater, or other pollutants may escape the work area and enter a catch basin. The containment device(s) must be in place at the beginning of the work day~ and accumulated dirty runoff and solids must be collected and disposed of before removing the containment device(s) at the end of the work day. • If you need to de-water an excavation site, you may need to filter the water before discharging to a catch basin or off-site. In which case you should direct the water through hay bales and filter fabric or use other sediment filters or traps. • Store toxic material under covel' with secondary containment during precipitation events and when not in use. A cover would include tarps or other temporary cover material. Mowing, Tri.mming, and Planting • Dispose of leaves1 sticks, 01' other collected vegetation as garbage, by composting or at a permitted landfill. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into watenwys or storm drainage systems. • Use mulch 01' other erosion control measures when soils are exposed. • Place temporarily stockpiled material away from watercourses and drain inlets, and benn or cover stockpiles to prevent matelial releases to the stonn drain system. • Consider an altemative approach when bailing out muddy water; do not put it in the storm drain, pour over landscaped areas. • Use hand or mechanical weeding where practical. Fel'tilizer and Pesticide Management • Follow all federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing the use, storage, and disposal of fertilizers and pesticides and training of applicators and pest control advisors. • Follow manufacturers' recommendations and label directions. Pesticides must never be applied if precipitation is occuring 01' predicted. Do not apply insecticides ,vithin 100 feet of surface waters such as lakes, ponds, wetlands, and streams. • Use less toxic pesticides that will do the job1 whenever possible. Avoid use of copper-based pesticides if possible. • Do not use pesticides if rain is expected. • Do not mix or prepare pesticides for application near storm drains. • Use the minimum amount needed for the job. • Calibrate fertilizer distributors to avoid excessive application. • Employ techniques to minimize off-target application (e.g. spray drift) of pesticides1 including consideration of alternative application techniques. January 2003 California stormwater 8M!> Handbook Munidpal www.cabmphandbooks.com 30f5 • SC-41 Building &. Grounds Maintenance • Apply pesticides only when wind speeds are low. • Work fertilizers into the soil rather than dumping or broadcasting them onto the surface. • Irrigate slowly to prevent runoff and then only as much as is needed. • Clean pavement and sidewalk if feltilizer is spilled on these surfaces before applying irrigation water. • Dispose of empty pesticide containers according to the insullctions on the container labeL • Use up the pesticides. Rinse containers, and use rinse water as product. Dispose of up.used pesticide as hazardous waste. • bnplement storage requir'ements for pesticide products with guidance from the local fire department and County Agricultural Commissioner. Provide secondary containment for pesticides. Inspection • Inspect inigation system periodically to ensure that the right amount of water is being applied and that excessive l1ll1off is not occurring. Minimize excess watering, and repair leaks in the irrigation system as soop as they are observed. T,.aining • Educate and train employees on use of pesticides and in pesticide application techniques to prevent pollution. . • Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup. • Be sure the frequency of training takes into account the complexity of the operatiolls and the nature of the staff. Spill Response and Prevention • Refer to SC-ll, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup • Keep your Spill Prevention Conu'Ol and countermeasure (SpeC) plan up-to-date, and implement accordingly. • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location. • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. Othe,. Considerations • Alternative pest/weed controls may not be aVailable: suitable: or effective W many cases. 4of5 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • Building & Grounds Maintenance SC-41 Requirements Costs • Overall costs should be low in comparison to other BMPs. Maintenance • Sweep paved areas regularly to collect loose particles, and wipe up spills with rags and other absorbent material immediately, do not hose down the area to a storm drain. Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP Fire Sprinkler Line Flushing Building fire sprinkler line flushing may be a source of llon-stormwater runoff pollution. The water entering the system is usually potable water though in some areas it may be non-potable reclaimed wastewater. There are subsequent factors that may drastically reduce the quality of the water in such systems. Black iron pipe is usually used since it is cheaper thrui potable piping but it is subject to rusting and results in lower quality water. Initially the black iron pipe has an oil coating to protect it from rusting between manufacture and installation; this will contaminate the water from the first flush but not from subsequent flushes. Nitrates, poly- phosphates and other corrosion inhibitors, as well as fire suppressants and antifreeze may be added to the sprinkler water system. Water generally remains in the sprinkler system a long time, typically a year, between flushes and may accumulate iron, manganese, lead, copper, nickel and zinc. The water generally becomes alloxic and contains living and dead bacteria and breakdown products from chlorination. This may result in a significant BOD problem and the water often smells. Consequently dispose fire sprinkler line flush water into the sanitary sewer. Do not allow discharge to storm drain or infiltration due to potential high levels of pollutants in fire sprinkler line water. References and Resources California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html King County -ftp:/ldnr.metrokc.gov/wlrjdssjspcmjChapter%203.PDF Orange County Stormwater Program http://www.ocwatersheds.comjStorm Water/swp_introduction.asp Mobile Cleaners Pilot Program: Final Repolt. 1997-Bay Area Storm water Management Agencies Association (BASSMA) http://www.basmaa.or~/ Pollution from Surface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association (BASMAA) http:lh,\T\¥w.basmaa.org/ San Diego Stormwater Co-permittees Jurisdictional Urban Runoff Management Program (URMP)- http://www.projectcleanwater.org/pdf/Model%2oProgram%2oMunicipal%2oFacilities.pdf January 2003 California stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 50f5 ", •. . ,' ;-:;- .. ~~; ~ --" ,~ '.~~ ........ -,,: ~': I--~C~ (1 1" -,-.' • ., J i ! • Vegetated Swale Description Vegetated swales are open, shallow channels with vegetation covering the side slopes and bottom that collect and slowly convey runoff flow to downstream discharge points. They are designed to treat runoff through filtering by the vegetation in the channel, filtering through a subsoil matrix, and/or infiltration into the underlying soils. Swales can be natural or manmade. They trap particulate pollutants (suspended solids and trace metals), promote infiltration, and reduce the flow velocity of stormwater runoff. Vegetated swales can serve as part of a stormwater drainage system and can replace curbs, gutters and storm sewer systems. California Experience Caltrans constructed and monitored six vegetated swales in southern California. These swales were generally effective in reducing the volume and mass of pollutants in runoff. Even in the areas where the annual rainfall was only about 10 inches/yr, the vegetation did not require additional irrigation. One factor that strongly affected performance was the presence of large numbers of gophers at most of the sites. The gophers created earthen mounds, destroyed vegetation, and generally reduced the effectiveness of the controls for TSS reduction. Advantages • If properly designed, vegetated, and operated, swales can serve as an aesth~tic, potentially inexpensive urban development or roadway drainage conveyance measure with significant collateral water quality benefits. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com TC-30 Design Con'siderations • Tri~utary Are? • Area Required • Slope • Water Availability ." lin .... '" , .... __ ~_R Targeted Constituents ./ Sediment .... ./ Nutrients • ./ Trash • ./ Metals .... ./ Bacteria • ./ Oil and Grease .... ./ Organics .... Legend (Removal Effectiveness) • Low • High .... Medium 1 of 13 • • • TC~30 Vegetated Swale • Roadside ditches should be regarded as significant potential swalejbuffer strip sites and . should be utilized for this purpose whenever possible. Limitations • Can be difficult to avoid channelization. • May not be appropriate for industrial sites or locations where spills may occur • Grassed swales cannot treat a very large drainage area .. Large areas may be divided and treated using multiple swales. • A thick vegetative cover is needed for these practices to function properly. • They are impractical in areas with steep topography. • They are not effective and may even erode when flow velocities are high, if the grass cover is not properly maintained. • In some places, their use is restricted by law: many local municipalities require curb and gutter systems in residential areas. • Swales I;lre mores susceptible to failure if not properly maintained than other treatment BMPs . Design and Sizing Guidelines • Flow rate based design determined by local requirements or sized so that 85% of the annual runoff volume is discharged at less than the design rainfall intensity. • Swale should be designed so that the water level does not exceed 2/3rds the height of the grass or 4 inches, which ever is less, at the design treatment rate. • Longitudinal slopes should not exceed 2.5% • Trapezoidal channels are normally recommended but other configurations, such as parabolic, can also provide substantial water quality improvement and may be easier to mow . ,than designs with sharp breaks in slope. • Swales constructed in cut are preferred, or in fill areas,that are far enough from an adjacent slope to minimize the potential for gopher damage. Do not use side slopes constructed of fill, which are prone to structural damage by gophers and other burrowing animals. • A diverse selection oflow growing, plants that thrive under the specific site, climatic, and watering conditions should be specified. Vegetation whose growing season correspond~ to the wet season are preferred. Drought tolerant vegetation should be considered especially for swales that are not part of a regularly irrigated landscaped area. • The width of the swale should be determined using Manning's Equation using ,a value of 0.25 for Manning's n . 2 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • Vegetated Swale TC-30 Construction/Inspection Considerations • Include directions in the specifications for use of appropriate fertilizer and soil amendments based on soil properties determined through testing and compared to the needs of the vegetation requirements. • Install swales at the time of the year when there is a reasonable chance of successful establishment without irrigation; however, it is recognized that rainfall in a given year may not be sufficient and temporary irrigation may be used. • If sod tiles must be. used, they should be placed so that there are no gaps betw~ep the tiles; stagger the ends of the tiles to prevent the formation of channels along the swale or strip. • Use a roller on the sod to ensure that no air pockets form between the sod and the soil. • Where seeds are used, erosion controls will be necessary to protect seeds for at ieast 75 days after the first rainfall of the season. Performance The literature suggests that vegetated swales represent a practical and potentially effective - technique for controlling urban runoff quality. While limited quantitative performance data exists for vegetated swales, it is known that check dams, slight slopes, permeable soils, dense grass cover, increased contact time, and small storm events ali contribute to successful pollutant removal by the swale system. Factors decreasing the effectiveness of swales include compacted soils, short runoff contact time, large storm events, frozen ground, short grass,heights, steep slopes, and high runoff velocities and discharge rates. Conventional vegetated swale designs have achieved mixed results in removing particulate pollutants. A study performed by the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) monitored three grass swales in the Washington, D.C., area and found no significant improvement in urban runoff quality for the pollutants analyzed. However, the weak performance of these swales was attributed to the high flow velocities in the swales, soil compaction, steep slopes, and short grass height. Another project in Durham, NC, monitored the performance of a carefully designed artificial swale that received runoff from a commercial parking lot. The project tracked 11 storms and _ concluded that particulate'concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd) were reduced by approximately 50 percent. However, the swale proved largely ineffective for removing soluble nutrients. The effectiveness of vegetated swales can be enhanced by adding check dams at approximately 17 meter (50 foot) increments along their length (See Figure 1). These dams maximize the retention time 'within the swale, decrease flow velocities, and promote particulate settling. Finally, the incorporation of vegetated filter strips parallel to the top of the channel banks can help to treat sheet flows entering the swale. Only 9 studies have been conducted on all grassed channels designed for water quality (Table 1). The data suggest relatively high removal rates for some pollutants, but negative removals for some bacteria, and fair performance for phosphorus. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 3 of 13 • • • TC-30 Vegetated Swale Table 1 Grassed swale pollutant removal efficiency data Removal Efficiencies (% Removal) Study TSS TP TN N03 Metals Bacteria Type CaItrans 2002 77 8 67 66 83-90 -33 dryswaIes Goldberg 1993 67.8 4·5 -31·4 42-62 -100 grassed channel Seattle Metro and Washington 60 45 --25 2-16 -25 grassed channel Department of Ecology 1992 ~eattle Metro and Washington 83 29 --25 46-73 -25 grassed channel Department of Ecology, 1992 Wang et aI., 1981 80 ---70-80 -dryswale Dorman et aI., 1989 98 18 -45 37-81 -dryswale Harper, 1988 87 83 84 80 88-90 -dryswaIe Kercher et aI., 1983· 99 99 99 99 99 -dryswale Harper, 1988. 81 17 40 52 37-69 -wetswale. Koon, 1995 67 39 -9 -35 to 6 -wetswale . ." While it is difficult to distinguish between different designs based on the small amount of ~vailable data, grassed channels generally have poorer removal rates than wet and dry swales, although some swales appear to export soluble phosphorus (Harper, 1988; Koon, 1995). It is not clear why swales export bacteria. One explanation is that bacteria thrive in the warm swale soils. Siting Criteria The suitability of a swale at a site will depend on land use, size of the area serviced, soil type, slope, imperviousness of the contributing watershed, and dimensions and slope of the swale system (Schueler et al., 1992). In general, swales cail be used to serve areas of less than 10 acres, with slopes no greater than 5 %. Use of natural topographic lows is encouraged and natural drainage courses should be regarded as significant local resources to·be kept in use (Young et al., 1996). . Selection Criteria (NCTCOG, 1993) • Comparable performance to wet basins • Limited to treating a few acres • Availability of water during dry periods to maintain vegetation • . Sufficient available land area Research in the Austin area indicates that vegetated controls are effective at removing pollutants even when dormant. Therefore, irrigation is not required to maintain growth during dry periods, but may be necessary only to prevent the vegetation from dying. 4 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • • Vegetated Swale TC-30 The topography of the site should permit the design of a channel with appropriate slope and cross-sectional area. Site topography may also dictate a need for additional structural controls. Recommendations for longitudinal slopes range between 2 and 6 percent. Flatter slopes can be used, if sufficient to provide adequate conveyance. Steep slopes increase flow velocity, decrease detention time, and may require energy dissipating and grade check. Steep slopes also can be managed using a series of check dams to terrace the swale and reduce the slope to within acceptable limits. The use of check dams with swales also promotes infiltration. Additional Design Guidelines Most of the design guidelines adopted for swale design specify a minimum hydraulic residence time of 9 minutes. This criterion is based on the results of a single study conducted in Seattle, Washington (Seattle Metro and Washington Department of Ecology, 1992), and is not well supported. Analysis of the data collected in that study indicates that pollutant removal at a residence time of 5 minutes was not significantly different, although there is more variability in that data. Therefore, additional research in the design criteria for swales is needed. Substantial . pollutant removal has also been observed for vegetated controls designed solely for conveyance. (Barrett et al, 1998); consequently, some flexibility in the design is warranted. Many design guidelines recommend that grass be frequently mowed to maintain dense coverage near the ground surface. Recent research (Colwell et al., 2000) has shown mowing frequency or grass height has little or no effect on pollutant removal. Summary of Design Recommendations 1) The swale should have a length that provides a minimum hydraulic residence time of at least 10 minutes. The maximum bottom width should not exceed 10 feet unless a dividing berm is provided. The depth of flow should not exceed 2/3rds the height of the grass at the peak of the water quality design storm intensity. The channel slope should not exceed 2.5%. 2) A design grass height of 6 inches is recommended. 3) Regardless of the recommended detention time, the swale should be not less than 100 feet in length. 4) The width of the swale should be determined using Manning's Equation, at the peak of the design storm, using a Manning's n of 0.25. 5) The swale can be sized as both a treatment facility for the design storm and as a conveyance system to pass the peak hydraulic flows of the 100-year storm if it is located "on-line." The side slopes should be no steeper than 3:1 (H:V). 6) Roadside ditches should be regarded as significant potential swale/buffer strip sites and should be utilized for this purpose whenever possible. If flow is to be introduced through curb cuts, place pavement slightly above the elevation of the vegetated areas. Curb cuts should be at least 12 inches wide to prevent clogging. Swales must be vegetated in order to provide adequate treatment of runoff. It is important to maximize water contact with vegetation and the soil surface. For general purposes, select fine, close-growing, water-resistant grasses. If possible, divert runoff (other than necessary irrigation) during the period of vegetation January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 5 of 13 • • • TC-30 Vegetated Swale establishment. Where runoff diversion is not possible, cover graded and seeded areas with suitable erosion control materials. Maintenance The useful life of a vegetated swale system is directly proportional to its maintenance frequency. If properly designed and regularly maintained, vegetated swales can last indefinitely. The maintenance objectives for vegetated swale systems include keeping up the hydraulic and -removal efficiency of the channel and maintaining a dense, healthy grass cover. Maintenance activities should include periodic mowing (with grass never cut shorter than the design flow depth), weed control, watering during drought conditions, reseeding of bare areas, - and clearing of debris and blockages. Cuttings should be removed from the channel and disposed in a local composting facility. Accumulated sediment should also be removed- manuaJJ.y to avoid concentrated flows in the swale. The application of fertilizers and pesticides should be minimal. Another aspect of a good maintenance plan is repairing damaged areas within a channel. For example, if the channel develops ruts or holes, it should be repaired utilizing a suitable soil that is properly tamped and seeded. The grass cover should be thick; if it is not, reseed as necessary. Any standing water removed during the mainte~ance operation must be disposed to a sanitary sewer at an approved discharge location. Residuals (e.g., silt, grass cuttings) must be disposed in accordance with local or State requirements. Maintenance of grassed swales mostly involves maintenance of the grass or wetland plant cover. Typical maintenance activities are summarized below: • Inspect swales at least twice annually for erosion, damage to vegetation, and sediment and debris accumulation preferably at the end of the wet season to schedule summer maintenance and before majorfall runoff to be sure the swale is ready for winter. However, additional inspection after periods of heavy runoff is desirable. The swale should be checked for debris and litter, and areas of sediment accumulation. • Grass height and mowing frequency may not have a large impact on pollutant removal. Consequently, mowing may only be necessary once or twice a year for safety or aesthetics or to suppress weeds and woody vegetation. • Trash tends to accumulate in swale areas, particularly along highways. The need for litter removal is determined through periodic inspection, but litter should always be removed prior to mowing. • Sediment accumulating near culverts and in channels should be removed when it builds up to 75 mm (3 in.) at any spot, or covers vegetation. • Regularly inspect swales for pools of standing water. Swales can become a nuisance due to mosquito breeding in standing water if obstructions develop (e.g. debris accumulation, invasive vegetation) andlor if proper drainage slopes are not implemented and maintained . 6 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 - • Vegetated Swale Cost Construction Cost TC,-30 Little data is available to estimate the difference in cost between various swale designs. One study (SWRPC, 1991) estimated the construction cost of grassed channels at approximately '$0.25 perft2. This price does not include design costs or contingencies. Brown and Schueler (1997) estimate these costs at approximately 32 percent of construction costs for most st01;mwater management practices. For swales, however, these costs would probably be significantly higher since the construction costs are so low compared with other practices. A more realistic estimate would be a total cost of approximately $0.50 per ft2, which compares favorably with other stormwater management practices. January 2003 California Storm water BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 7 of 13 '. /. TC-30 Table 2 Swale Cost Estimate (SEWRPC, 1991) Unit Cost Component Unit ' Extent low Moderate High low Mobilization I 3wals 1 $101 $274 $441 $107 Demobilization -Ught Site Preparatim Clearingb, ............... /lae 0,5 $2,200 $3,800 $6,400 .$1,100 Grubbing' .............. /las 0.25 $3,800 $5,200 $6,600 $950 General Yd3 372 $2.10 $3.70 $5.30 $781 ExcavatloJ1i ........... , lsvel and Till" ........ Yd2 1,210 $0.20 $0.35 $0.50 $242 Sites Deve IDpment Salvaged TDpsoil Yd2 1,2'10 $0.40 $1.00 $1.60 $484 Seed, and Mulchr .. Sacf.l ...................... Yd2 1,210 $1.20 $2.40 $3.60 $1.452 Subtotal --- ----$5,116 Contingencies Swale 1 25% 25% 25% $1,279 lotal ----- -$6,395 Source: (SEWRPC, 1991) Note: Mobilization/demobilization refers to the organizatioo and planning Involved in estsblishing a vegetative swala. • Swale has a bottom width of 1.0 foot, a top width of 10 feet with 1:3 side slopes, and a 1IOOO-foot length. b Area cleared = (top wIdth + 10 feet) x swale length. e Area grubbed = (top wIdth x swale length). dVolume excavated = (O.57 x top wIdth x swale depth) x swnle length (parabolic cross-sectlon). Q Area tilled:: (top wIdth + S(swale depth") x swale length (parabolic cross-section). 3{top wIdth} r Area seeded = area cleared x 0.5. B Area fOdded = area cleared !It 0.5. 8 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Develppment and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com '. Vegetated Swale Total Cost Moderate HIgh $274 $441 $1,900 $2,700 $1,300 $1,650 $1,376 $1,912 $424 $605 $1,210 $1,936 $2,904 $4,356 $9,3BB $13,660 ' $2,347 $3,415 $11735 $17075 . January 2003 • /~. Ve.getated Swale Table 3 Estimated Maintenance Costs (SEWRPC. 1991) Component UllitCost Lawn Mowing $0.B5I 1,000 fWmolhing General Lawn Cam $9.00 I 1,000 fill ~ar Swale Deblis and Utter $0.10 f linear foot I year Removal Grass Reseeding with $0.aotyd1 Mulch and Fertilizer Program Administration and $0.151 linear lOot I yea r, Swale Inspection plus $25 I inspecti on Tota! .' .. -. __ . January 2003 SwaleSize (Depth and Top Width) 1.5 Foot Depth, One-3·Foat Depth, a·Foot Foot Bottom Width, Bottom Width, 21·foot 10·FootTop Width Top Width $0.14 tlinoorfoot .$021 Iii near foot lro.18l1inearfoot $0.28 Iii near foot $0.10 II in ea r foot $0.10 1\inllar foot $0.01 flinearfoot $0.01 Iii near foot $0.15 llinaarfoa! $0.15 IIi near foot $0.56 llinoar fcot $ 0.75 I lin oar fcot California Stormwater 8MP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www·.cabmphandbooks.com • TC-30 Comm'ent Lawn maintenance aroo={top wid1l1 + 1 0 feet} x length. Mow a ig ht times pe r year Lawn maintenance aroo = (top wid1l1 + 10 feet) x la ng1l1 - Area revegetated equals 1 % of lawn maintenance area per year Inspect fuur times par year - 9 of 13 • TC-30 Vegetated Swale Maintenance Cost Caltrans (2002) estimated the expected annual maintenance cost for a swale with a tributary area of approximately 2 ha at approximately $2,700. Since almost all maintenance consists of mowing, the cost is fundamentally a function of the mowing frequency. Unit costs developed by SEWRPC are shown in Table 3. In many cases vegetated channels would be used to convey runoff and would require periodic mowing as well, so there may be little additional cost for the water quality component. Since essentially all the activities are related to vegetation management, no special training is required for maintenance personnel. References and Sources of Additional Information Barrett, Michael E., Walsh, Patrick M., Malina, Joseph F., Jr., Charbeneau, Randall J, 1998, "Performance of vegetative controls for treating highway runoff," ASCE Journal of Environmental Engineering, Vol. 124, No. 11, pp. 1121-1128. Brown, W., and T. Schueler. 1997. The Economics of Storm water BMPs in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Prepared for the Chesapeake Research Consortium, Edgewater, MD, by the Center for Watershed Protection, Ellicott City, MD. Center for Watershed Protection (CWP). 1996. Design of Storm water Filtering Systems. Prepared for the Chesapeake Research Consortium, Solomons, MD, and USEPA Region V, Chicago, IL, by the Center for Watershed Protection, Ellicott City, MD. Colwell, Shanti R., Horner, Richard R., and Booth, Derek B., 2000. Characterization of Performance Predictors and Evaluation of Mowing Practices in Biofiltration Swales. Report to King County Land And Water Resources Division and others by Center for Urban Water Resources Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattie, WA Dorman, M.E., J. Hartigan, R.F. Steg, and T. Quasebarth.1989. Retention, Detention.and Overland Flow for Pollutant Removal From Highway Stormwater Runoff. Vol. 1. FHW A/RD 89/202. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC. . . Goldberg. 1993. Dayton Avenue Swale Biofiltration Study. Seattle Engineering Department, Seattle, WA Harper, H. 1988. Effects of Storm water Management Systems on Groundwater Quality. Prepared for Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, FL, by Environmental Research and Design, Inc., Orlando, FL. Kercher, W.C., J.C. Landon, and R. Massarelli. 1983. Grassy swales prove cost-effective for water pollution control. Public Works, 16: 53-55. Koon, J. 1995. Evaluation of Water Quality Ponds and Swales in ,the Issaquah/East Lake Sammamish Basins. King County Surface Water Management, Seattle, W A, and Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA . Metzger, M. E., D. F. Messer, C. L. Beitia, C. M. Myers, and V. L. Kramer. 2002. The Dark Side Of Stormwater Runoff Management: Disease Vectors Associated With Structural BMPs. Stormwater 3(2): 24-39.0akland, P.H. 1983. An evaluation of stormwater pollutant removal 10 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • • Vegetated Swale ·TC-30 through grassed swale treatment. In Proceedings of the International Symposium of Urban Hydrology, Hydraulics and Sediment Control, Lexington, KY. pp. 173-182. Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory. 1983. Final Report: Metropolitan Washington Urban Runoff Project. Prepared for the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments, Washington, DC, by the Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, Manassas, VA. Pitt, R., and J. McLean. 1986. Toronto Area Watershed Management Strategy'Study: Humber River Pilot Watershed Project. Ontario Ministry of Environment, Toronto, ON. Schueler, T. 1997. Comparative Pollutant Removal Capability of Urban BMPs: A reanalysis. Watershed Protection Techniques 2(2):379-383. Seattle Metro and Washington Department of Ecology. 1992. Biofiltration Swale Performance: Recommendations and Design Considerations. Publication No. 657. Water Pollution Control Department, Seattle, WA. Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SWRPC). 1991. Costs of Urban Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Control Measures. Technical report no. 31. Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission, Waukesha, WI. U.S. EPA, 1999;Stormwater Fact Sheet: Vegetated Swales, Report # 832-F-99-006 htt;p:llwww.epa.gov/owm/mtb/vegswale.pdf, Office of Water, Washington DC. Wang, T., D. Spyridakis, B. Mar, and R. Horner. 1981. Transport, Deposition and Control of Heavy Metals in Highway Runoff. FHWA-WA-RD-39-1O. University of Washington, Department of Civil Engineering, Seattle, W A. Washington State Department of Transportation, 1995, Highway Runoff Manual, Washington State Department of Transportation, Olympia, Washington. Welborn, C., and J. Veenhuis. 1987. Effects of Runoff Controls on the Quantity and Quality of Urban Runoffin Two Locations in Austin, TK. USGS Water Resources Investigations Report No. 87-4004. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA. Yousef, Y., M. Wanielista, H. Harper, D. Pearce, and R. Tolbert. 1985. BestManagement Practices: Removal of Highway Contaminants By Roadside Swales. University of Central Florida and Florida Department of Transportation, Orlando, FL. Yu, S., S. Barnes, and V. Gerde. 1993. Testing of Best Management Practices for Controlling Highway Runoff. FHWA/VA-93-R16. Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, VA. Information Resources Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE). 2000. Maryland Stormwater Design Manual. www.mde.state.md.us/environment/wma/stormwatermanua1. Accessed May 22, 2001. Reeves, E. 1994. Performance and Condition of Biofilters in the Pacific Northwest. Watershed Protection Techniques 1(3):117-119. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 11 of 13 TC-.30 Vegetated Swale Seattle Metro and Washington Department of Ecology. 1992. Biofiltration Swale Performance. Recommendations and Design Considerations. Publication No. 657. Seattle Metro and Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, W A. US EPA 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measuresfor Sources of Non point Pollution in Coastal Waters. EPA-840-B-92-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water. Washington, DC. Watershed Management Institute (WMI). 1997. Operation, Maintenance, and Management of Stormwater Management Systems. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water. Washington, DC, by the Watershed Management Institute, Ingleside, MD. . 12 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • Vegetated Swale Notation: I>rovidc for ,reour Ill'Oteetion. (a) erOS!! so"tiull of swah, with eheek dam. L = Lenglb of ~wm& iDlpCundn19nt.r~a porchQcI! dam lU) (b, Dl!ll~llSiollllt View I)r~wal~ iAlI)(Jurnlill\lJl( :lr~, Os "O.plll of check drull (ft) . Ss "Bottom slpo of 5w.lo (ftifl) W = Top ,'Ildth 01 clteCl! dan) 1ft) W. "Bollcm width of choo1< dam (II) 1'&2 = Ratio of hOfizontlllta vertical changQ In ~walQ $Id" .slop!> (fl1b) January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com TC-30 13 of 13 • Vegetated Buffer Strip Description Grassed buffer strips (vegetated filter strips, filter strips, and grassed filters) are vegetated surfaces that are designed to treat sheet flow from adjacent surfaces. Filter strips function by slowing runoff velocities and allowing sediment and other pollutants to settle and by providing some infiltration into underlying soils. Filter strips were originally used as an agricultural treatment practice and have more recently evolved into an urban practice. With proper design and maintenance, filter strips can provide relatively high pollutant removal. In. addition, the public views them as landscaped amenities a~d not as stormwater infrastructure. Consequently, there is little ~ resistance to their use. California Experience Caltrans constructed and monitored three vegetated buffer strips in southern California and is currently evaluating their performance at eight additional sites statewide. These strips were generally effective in reducing the volume and mass of pollutants in runoff. Even in the areas where the annual rainfall was only about 10 inches/yr, the vegetation did not require additional irrigation. One factor that strongly affected performance was the presence oflarge numbers of-gophers at most of the southern California sites. The gophers created earthen mounds, destroyed vegetation, and generally reduced the effectiveness of the controls for TSS reduction. Advantages • Buffers require minimal maintenance activity (generally just TC-31 Design Considerations • Tributary Area • Slope • Water Availability • Aesthetics Targeted Constituents ./ Sediment • ./ Nutrients • ./ Trash A ./ Metals • p./ Bacteria • ./ Oil and Grease iI ./ Organics A Legend (Removal Effectiveness) • Low • High ... Medium erosion prevention and mowing). _w, ." .,,' ,."" .. -~-~ • If properly designed, vegetated, and operated, buffer strips can provide reliable water quality benefits in conjunction with high aesthetic appeal. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com i~SQA :w;~,,~~~. ~:j.J'.CMC ~ .. ..-_ .... =-.. ;t A.'~ Ifornla tormwater Quality Association 1 of 8 TC-31 Vegetated Buffer Strip • Flow characteristics and vegetation type and density can be closely controlled to maximize BMP effectiveness. • Roadside shoulders act as effective buffer strips when slope and length meet criteria described below. Limitations • May not be appropriate for industrial sites or locations where spills may occur. • Buffer strips cannot treat a very large drainage area. • A thick vegetative cover is needed for these practices to function properly. • Buffer or vegetative filter length must be adequate and flow characteristics acceptable or water quality performance can be severely limited. • Vegetative buffers may not provide treatment for dissolved constituents except to the extent that flows across the vegetated surface are infiltrated into ,the soil profile. • This technology does not provide significant attenuation of the increased volume and flow rate of runoff during intense rain events. Design and Sizing Guidelines . • Maximum length (in the direction of flow towards the buffer) of the tributary area should be 60 feet. . • Slopes should not exceed 15%. • Minimum length (in direction of flow) is 15 feet. • Width should be the same as the tributary area. • Either grass or a diverse selection of other low growing, drought tolerant, native vegetation should be specified. Vegetation whose growing season corresponds to the wet season is preferred. Construction/Inspection Considerations • Include directions in the specifications for use of appropriate fertilizer and soil amendments based on soil properties determined through testing and compared to the needs of the vegetation requirements. • Install strips at the time of the year when there is a reasonable chance of successful establishment without irrigation; however, it is recognized that rainfall in a given year may not be sufficient and temporary irrigation may be required. • If sod tiles must be used, they should be placed so that there are no gaps between the tiles; stagger the ends of the tiles to prevent the formation of channels along the strip. • • Use a roller on the sod to ensure that no air pockets form between the sod and the soil. ( 2 of 8 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • Vegetated Buffer Strip TC-31 • Where seeds are used, erosion controls will be necessary to protect seeds for at least 75 days after the first rainfall of the season. Performance Vegetated buffer strips tend to provide somewhat better treatment of stormwater runoff than swales and have fewer tendencies for channelization or erosion. Table 1 documents the pollutant removal observed in a recent study by Caltrans (2002) based on three sites in southern California. The column labeled "Significance" is the probability that the mean influent and effluent EMCs are not significantly different based on an analysis of variance. The removal of sediment and dissolved metals was comparable to that observed in much more complex controls. Reduction in nitrogen was not significant and all of the sites exported phosphorus for the entire study period. This may have been the result of using salt grass, a warm weather species that is dormant during the wet season, and which leaches phosphorus wheQ. dormant. Another Caltrans study (unpublished) of vegetated highway shoulders as buffer strips also found substantial reductions often within a very short distance of the edge of pavement. Figure 1 presents a box and whisker plot of the concentrations ofTSS in highway runoff after traveling various distances (shown in meters) through a vegetated filter strip with a slope of about 10%. One can see that the TSS median concentration reaches an irreducible minimum concentration of about 20 mg/L within 5 meters of the pavement edge. Table 1 Pollutant Reduction in a Vegetated Buffer Strip Constituent TSS N03-N TKN-N TotalNa Dissolved P TotalP TotalCu Total Ph TotalZn Dissolved Cu Dissolved Ph Dissolved Zn January 2003 MeanEMC Removal Influent Effluent % (mg/L) (mg/L) 119 31 74 0.67 0.58 13 2·50 2.10 16 3.17 2.68 15 0.15 0-46 w206 0·42 0.62 ~52 0.058 0.009 84 0.046 0.006 88 0.245 0.055 78 0.029 0.007 77 0.004 0.002 66 0.099 0.035 65 California Storm water BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com Significance p <0.000 0·367 0·542 0.047 0.035 <0.000 <0.000 <0.000 0.004 0.006 <0.000 3 of 8 • • TC-31 Vegetated Buffer Strip 100 90 80 70 * * "'"" 60 :::::I °1 ill': (j) 60 '* ~ .40 :. ::, , .. ,' . ;. :'; ~ :It SO 20 10 -~ ~ , ::,~,'(: :-,:;:,:!,:,'. ",'I;YJ. " ; ..... \.;. " ." ~v.1 'J '.~$,Fo.' 0 length 0 c:i --: (0 ¢! "'t. ..-~ (0 co Filter strips also exhibit good removal oflitter and other floatables because the water depth in these systems is well below the vegetation height and consequently these materials are not easily transported through them. Unfortunately little attenuation of peak runoff rates and volumes (particularly for larger events) is normally observed, depending on the soil properties. Therefore it may be prudent to follow the strips with another practice than can reduce flooding and channel erosion downstream. ' Siting Criteria The use of buffer strips is limited to gently sloping areas where the vegetative cover is robust and diffuse, and where shallow flow characteristics are possible. The practical water quality benefits can be effectively eliminated with the occurrence of significant erosion or when flow concentration occurs across the vegetated surface. Slopes should not exceed 15 percent or be less than 1 percent. The vegetative surface should extend across the full width of the area being drained. The upstream boundary of the filter should be located contiguous to the developed area. Use of a level spreading device (vegetated berm, sawtooth concrete border, rock trench, etc) to facilitate overland sheet flow is not normally recommended because of maintenapce considerations and the potential for standing water. Filter strips are applicable in most regions, but are restricted in some situations because they consume a large amount of space relative to other practices. Filter strips are best suited to treating runoff from roads and highways, roof downspouts, small parking lots, and pervious surfaces. They are also ideal components of the "outer zone" of a stream buffer or as pretreatment to a structural practice. In arid areas, however, the cost of irrigating the grass on the practice will most likely outweigh its water quality benefits, although aesthetic considerations may be sufficient to overcome this constraint. Filter strips are generally impractical in ultra-urban areas where little pervious surface exists . Some cold water species, such as trout, are sensitive to changes in temperature. While some treatment practices, such as wet ponds, can warm stormwater substantially, filter strips do not 4 of 8 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • • • Vegetated Buffer Strip TC-31 are not expected to increase stormwater temperatures. Thus, these practices are good for protection of cold-water streams. Filter strips should be separated from the ground water by between 2 and 4 ft to prevent contamination and to ensure that the filter strip does not remain wet between storms. Additional Design Guidelines Filter strips appear to be a minimal design practice because they are basically no more than a grassed slope. In general the slope of the strip should not exceed 15fc% and the strip should be at least 15 feet long to provide water quality treatment. Both the top and toe of the slope should be as flat as possible to encourage sheet flow and prevent erosion. The top of the strip should be installed 2-5 inches below the adjacent pavement, so that vegetation and sediment accumulation at the edge of the strip does not prevent runoff from entering. A major question that remains unresolved is how large the drainage area to a strip can be. Research has conclusively demonstrated that these are effective on roadside shoulders, where the contributing area is about twice the buffer area. They have also been installed on the perimeter of large parking lots where they performed fairly effectively; however much lower slopes may be needed to provide adequate water quality treatment. . The filter area should be densely vegetated with a mix of erosion-resistant plant species that effectively bind the soil. Native or adapted grasses, shrubs, and trees are preferred because they . generally require less fertilizer and are more drought resistant than exotic plants. Runoff,flow velocities should not exceed about 1 fps across the vegetated surface. For engineered vegetative strips, the facility surface should be graded flat prior to placement of vegetation. Initial establishment of vegetation requires attentive care including appropriate watering, fertilization, and prevention of excessive flow across the facility until vegetation completely covers the area and is well established. USe of a permanent irrigation system may help provide maximal water quality performance. In cold climates, filter strips provide a convenient area for snow storage and treatment. If used for this purpose, vegetation in the filter strip should be salt-tolerant (e.g., creeping bentgrass), and a maintenance schedule should include the removal of sand built up at the bottom of the slope. In arid or semi-arid climates, designers should specify drought-tolerant grasses to minimize irrigation requirements. ' Maintenance Filter strips require mainly vegetation management; therefore little special training is needed for maintenance crews. Typical maintenance activities and frequencies include: • Inspect strips at least twice annually for erosion or damage to vegetation, preferably at the end of the wet season to schedule summer maintenance and before major fall run-off to be sure the strip is ready for winter. However, additional inspection after periods of heavy l1ln- off is most desirable. The strip should be checked for debris and litter and areas of sediment accumulation . • Recent research on biofiltration swales, but likely applicable to strips (Colwell et al., 2000), indicates that grass height and mowing frequency have little impact on pollutant removal; January 2003 California Storm water BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 5 of 8 • TC-31 Vegetated Buffer Strip consequently, mowing may only be necessary once or twice a year for safety and aesthetics or to suppress weeds and woody vegetation. • Trash tends to accumulate in strip areas, particularly along highways. The need for litter removal should be determined through periodic inspection but litter should always be removed prior to mowing. • Regularly inspect vegetated buffer strips for pools of standing water. Vegetated buffer strips can become a nuisance due to mosquito breeding in level spreaders (unless designed to dewater completely in 48-72 hours), in pools of standing water if obstructions develop (e.g. debris accumulation, invasive vegetation), and/or if proper drainage slopes are not implemented and maintained. Cost Construction Cost Little data is available on the actual construction costs of filter strips. One rough estimate can be the cost of seed or sod, which is approximately 30¢ per ft2 for seed or 70¢ per ft2 for sod. This amounts to between $13,000 and $30,000 per acre of filter strip. This cost is relatively high compared with other treatment practices. However, the grassed area used as a filter strip may have been seeded or sodded even if it were not used for treatment. In these cases, the only additional cost is the design. Typical maintenance costs are about $350/acre/year (adapted from SWRPC, 1991). This cost is relatively inexpensive and, again, might overlap with regular landscape maintenance costs. The true cost of filter strips is the land they consume. In some situations this land is available as wasted space beyond back yards or adjacent to roadsides, but this practice is cost-prohibitive when land prices are high and land could be used for other purposes. Maintenance Cost Maintenance of vegetated buffer strips consists mainly of vegetation management (mowing, irrigation if needed, weeding) and litter removal. Consequently the costs are quite variable depending on the frequency of these activities and the local labor rate. References and Sources of Additional Information Caltrans, 2002, BMP Retrofit Pilot Program Proposed Final Report, Rpt. CTSW-RT-01-050, California Dept. of Transportation, Sacramento, CA. Center for Watershed Protection (CWP). 1996. Design of Stormwater Filtering Systems. Prepared for Chesapeake Research Consortium, Solomons, MD, and EPA Region V, Chicago, IL. Desbonette, A., P. Pogue, V. Lee, and N. Wolff. 1994. Vegetated Buffers in the Coastal Zone: A Summary Review and Bibliography. Coastal Resources Center. University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI. Magette, W., R. Brinsfield, R. Palmer and J. Wood. 1989. Nutrient and Sediment Removal by Vegetated Filter Strips. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 32(2): 663-667· 6 of 8 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • Vegetated Buffer Strip Metzger, M. E., D. F. Messer, C. L. Beitia, C. M. Myers, and V. L. Kramer. 2002. The Dark Side Of Stormwater Runoff Management: Disease Vectors Associated With Structural BMPs. Stormwater 3(2): 24-39· Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SWRPC). 1991. Costs of Urban Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Control Measures. Technical report no. 31. Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission, Waukesha, WI. Yu, S., S. Barnes and V. Gerde. 1993. Testing of Best Management Practices for Controlling Highway Runoff. FHWAjVA93-R16. Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, VA. Information Resources Center for Watershed Protection (CWP). 1997. Stormwater BMP Design Supplementfor Cold Climates. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds. Washington, DC. Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE). 2000. Maryland Stormwater Design Manual.' http://www.mde.state.md.us/environment/wma/stormwatermanual. Accessed May 22,2001. January 2003 California Storm water BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 7 of 8 • TC-31 Pavement Area 03 8 of 8 LJ Vegetated Buffer Strip T '" '" '" '" ~ -'" '" Filler Strip ,'" '" '" -'" '" '" 'Level SpRadcr , , '(designs include gravel trenches, iills, CJD.bCadcd ~. modular porous ,pavement, aruf stabilized 1urf strip) '" Note: Not to SciIlt; California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 • Drain Inserts Description Drain inserts are manufactured filters or fabric placed in a drop inlet to remove sediment and debris. There are a multitude of inserts of various shapes and configurations~ typically falling into one of three different groups: socks~ boxes, and trays. The sock consists of a fabric, usually constructed of polypropylene. The fabric may be attached to a frame or the grate of the inlet holds the sock. Socks are meant for vertical (drop) inlets. Boxes are constructed of plastic or 'wire mesh. Typically a polypropylene "bag" is placed in the wire mesh box. The bag takes the form of the box. Most box products are one box; that is, the setting area and filtration through media occur in the same box. Some products consist of one or more trays or mesh grates. The trays may hold different types of media. Filtration media vary by manufacturer. Types include polypropylene, porous polymer, treated cellulose, and activated carbon. California Experience The number of installations is unknown but likely exceeds a thousand. Some users have reported that these systems require considerable maintenance to prevent plugging and bypass. Advantages • Does not require additional space as inserts as the drain inlets are ah'eady a component of the standard drainage systems. • Easy access for inspection and maintenance. • As there is no standing water, there is little concern for mosquito breeding. • A relatively inexpensive retrofit option. Limitations Performance is likely significantly less than treatment systems that are located at the end of the drainage system such as ponds and vaults. Usually not suitable for large areas or areas with trash or leaves than can plug the insert. Design and Sizing Guidelines Refer to manufacturer's guidelines. Drain inserts come any many configurations but can be placed into three general groups: socks~ boxes, and trays. The sock consists of a fabric, usually constructed of polypropylene. The fabric may be attached to a frame or the grate of tlle inlet holds the sock. Socks are meant for vertical ( drop) inlets. Boxes are constructed of plastic or 'wire mesh. Typically a polypropylene "bag" is placed in the wire mesh box. The bag takes the form of the box. Most box products are January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbpok New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com MP-52 Design Considerations • Use with other BMPs • Fit and Seal Capacity within Inlet .UitUMii Targeted Constituents = ... *' ~ Sediment ~ Nutrients ~ Trash ~ Metals Bacteria ~ Oil and Grease ~ Organics Removal Effectiveness See New Development and Redevelopment Handbook-Sec!i()n 5. c)\ur~"\f~\t.--\ ~n"}R~,:t~/\·1tR ~Jt·"\i~;Y~·"~:~( !\·I"~·" 1 of3 • MP-52 Drain Inserts one box; that is, the setting area and filtration through media occurs in tJ,1e same box. One manufacturer has a double-box. StOl'TIlwater enters the first box where setting occurs. The stormwater flows into the second box where the filter media is located. Some products consist of one or more trays or mesh grates. The trays can hold different types of media. Filtration media vruy with the manufacturer: types include polypropylene, porous polymer, treated cellulose, and activated carbon. Construction/Inspection Considel"ations Be certain that installation is done in a manner that makes certain that the stonnwater enters the unit and does not leak around the perimeter. Leakage between the frame of the insert and the frame of the drain inlet can easily occur with vertical (drop) inlets. Performance Few products have perfol'lllance data collected under field conditions. Siting, Criteria It is recommended that inserts be used only for retrofit situations or as pretreatment where other treatment BMPs presented in this section area used. Additional Design Guidelines Follow guidelines provided by individual manufacturers. • Maintenance \ ' ,~ _ Likely r~quire frequent maintenance, on the order of several times per year. Cost • The initial cost of individual inserts ranges from less than $100 to about $2,000. The cost of using multiple units in curb inlet drains varies with the size of the inlet. • The low cost of inselts may tend to favor the use of these systems over other, more effective treatment BMPs. However, the low cost of each unit may be offset by the number of units that are required, more frequent maintenance, and the shorter structural life (and therefore replacement). References and Sources of Additional Information Hraehovec, R., and G. Minton, 2001, Field testing of a sock-type catch basin insert, Planet CPR, Seattle, Washington Interagency Catch Basin Insert Committee, Evaluation of Commercially-Available Catch Basin Inserts for,the Treatment of Stonnwater Runoff from Developed Sites, 1995 LarlY Walker Associates, June 1998, NDMP Inlet/In-Line Control Measure Study Report Manufacturers literature Santa Monica (City), Santa Monica Bay Municipal StormwaterJUrban Runoff Project - Evaluation of Potential Catch basin Retrofits, Woodward Clyde, September 24, 1998 2 of 3 California stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 '. • Drain Inserts MP-52 Woodward Clyde, June 11, 1996, Parking Lot Monitoring Report, Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Ponution Control Program. January 2003 California stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 30f3 • Multiple System Fact Sheet Description A multiple treatment system uses two or more BMPs in series. Some examples of multiple systems include: settling basin combined with a sand filter; settling basin or biofilter combined with an infiltration basin or trench; extended detention zone on a wet pond. California Experience The research wetlands at Fremont, California are a combination of wet ponds, wetlands, and vegetated controls. Advantages • BMPs that are less sensitive to high pollutant loadings, especially solids, can be used to pretreat runoff for sand filters and infiltration devices where the potential for clogging exists. • BMPs which target different constituents can be combined to provide treatment for all constituents of concern. • BMPs which use different removal processes (sedimentation, filtration, biological uptake) can be combined to improve the' overall removal efficiency for a given constituent. • BMPs in series can provide redundancy and reduce the likelihood of total system failure. Limitations • Capital costs of multiple systems are higher than for single devices. • Space requirements are greater than that required for a single technology. Design and Sizing Guidelines Refer to individual treatment control BMP fact sheets. Performance • Be aware that placing multiple BMPs in series does not necessarily result in combined cumulative increased performance. This is because the first BMP may already achieve part of the gain normally achieved by the second BMP. On the other hand, picking the right combination can TC-60 Design Considerations • Area Required • Slope • Water Availability • Hydraulic Head .' Environmental Side-effects _____ 1'@'~1 :1:¥:WllIlctU:':~ Targeted Constituents ./ Sediment • ./ Nutrients • ./ Trash • ./ Metals • ./ Bacteria A ./ Oil and Grease • ./ Organics • Legend (Removal Effectiveness) • Low • High ... Medium often help optimize performance of the second BMP since the " "'~~~- influent to the second BMP is of more consistent water quality, and thus more consistent performance, thereby allowing the BMP to achieve its highest performance. • When addressing multiple constituents through multiple BMPs, one BMP may optimize removal of a particular constituent, while another BMP optimizes removal of a different January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 1 of 2 • TC-60 Multiple System Fact Sheet constituent or set of constituents. Therefore, selecting the right combination of BMPs can be very constructive in collectively removing multiple constituents. Siting Criteria Refer to individual treatment control BMP fact sheets. Additional Design Guidelines • When using two or more BMPs in series, it may be possible to reduce the size of BMPs. • Existing pretreatment requirements may be able to be avoided when using some BMP combinations. Maintenance Refer to individual treatment control BMP fact sheets. Cost Refer to individual treatment control BMP fact sheets. Resources and Sources of Additional Information Refer to individual treatment control BMP fact sheets. 2 of 2 California Stormwater 8MP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 .1 ~<j . :"'"~ ~ ,,~:fj ", --.-,{~ i . _:;,' -~ ,1 f,- '. ( Section 5 BMP Implementation and Eva-Iuation 5.1 Introduction As noted in Section 1 each municipality regulated under stormwater NPDES permits, whether categorized as a Phase I or Phase II municipality, is required to implement a storm water management program and to assess the effectiveness of the program. Although specific program requirements and the level of implementation required differ between Phase I and Phase II municipalities, both prohibit non-storm water discharges into storm drains, and require controls to reduce the discharge of ponutants to the maximum extent practicable (MEP) . .As part of the program, the municipalities are required to address public agency (municipal) operations to reduce the discharge of pollutants and to assess these efforts. Section 2 provides information on some of the necessary elements and steps involved in identifying BMPs for municipal activities occurring at fixed facilities and in field programs, whereas this Section discusses the components necessary to successfully implement a BMP and evaluate its effectiveness. 5.2 BMP Implementation Municipal employees perform numerous municipal activities that have the potential to discharge ponutants. Staff should consistently implement the procedures or BMPs applicable to these activities. Some municipal activities are contracted to other parties. For example, many municipalities contract out street sweeping or waste collection. Similarly, many municipalities lease city-owned facilities to other parties, at which activities take place that have the potential to discharge pollutants. To ensure measures are taken to reduce pollutants while contractors or lessees perfonn such activities, contract and lease language should explicitly specify requirements to comply with all BMP specifications. Sample contract/lease language is presented in Appendix D. Successful implementation of a BMP is dependent on the following components: • Effective training of municipal and contract employees working in both fixed facilities and field programs. • Regular inspections of fixed facilities, field programs, and treatment controls. • Maintenance of treatment controls as needed to ensure proper functioning. • Periodic evaluation/monitoring of BMP performance consistent with NPDES permit requirements. • Follow-up action to COITect deficiencies in BMP implementation noted during inspections. • Accurate record keeping to track training, inspections, monitoring, and BMP maintenance. • Submittal of an annual report to the applicable RWQCB regarding the effectiveness of the municipal effOlts to reduce pollutants from fixed facilities and field programs. January 2003 Errata 9-04 california Stormwater BMP Handhook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 5-1 • Section 5 BMP tmpiementation and Evaluation • For Phase II Programs, documentation showing how the municipality has met its measurable goals, or revisions to those goals with supporting documentation. 5.3 Staff Training Education and training is the key to the success of BMP implementation. Typically, municipalities provide annual training sessions. In addition to municipally sponsored training, staffmayalso attend local, regional, statewide, 01' national training seminars or workshops related to stormwater management and water quality conducted by other organizations. In general, a municipality should consider a training program for employees working in fixed facilities and/or field programs. The training program should address the following subjects: • Maintenance Procedure Implementation and Inspection -In this training effort, proper procedures for performing municipal activities that may adversely affect stormwater quality are addressed. Maintenance procedures cover a wide range of municipal activities and the training may address either all maintenance procedures applicable to the municipality or a specific procedure (e.g. fertilizer and pesticide use). This training can be conducted in either a formal or a tailgate-style format. • Pollution Prevention/Spill Awareness -This training addresses the general techniques municipal staff may implement to prevent pollution, as well as to respond to spills once they have occurred. Training can be tailored to management and other municipal staff who oversee pollution prevention measures, to field staff conducting activities that may result in spills, or to field staff who may encounter spills or illicit discharges. 5.4 Site-Inspections Inspections of municipal fixed facilities and field programs should be perfolmed to verify that BMPs are being implemented, that they are appropriate for that facility or program, and that they continue to reduce the discharge of pollutants. Inspections generally consist of the following: • Fixed Facilities -Inspections are typically pelfolmed by a combination of stonnwater program staff and on-site fixed facility managers. The inspection of a f]Xed facility may include spot checks of the facility and activities being performed at the facility, and interviews with key line staff. • Field Programs-Inspections are typically performed by a combination of stOl'mwater program staff and field program supervisors. TIle inspection of a field program may include spot checks of activities being performed, and interviews with key staff. • Contracted Activities -Inspections are typically pelformed by municipal staff to supplement and check on self-inspections and reporting by the management staff of the contract firm performing the activity. Performance should be checked against contract/lease language (see Appendix D). 5-2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 Errata 9-04 • (. ,'. ", Section 5 BMP Implementation and Evaluation • Leased Facilities -Inspections are typically performed by municipal staff to supplement &nd check on self-inspections and reporting by the management staff of the lessor (see Appendix D). 5.4.1 Inspection Frequencies Fixed facility or field program inspection frequency depends on the nature of the facility'or program. AIinual inspection is typical, 'with a more frequent schedule for facilities/activities that pose a greater threat to discharge pollutants (e.g. corporation yards). In the ,event of an observed problem, such as ineffective maintenance procedures or detected non-stormwater discharges, the inspection frequency should be increased as appropriate to facilitate correction of the problem (see section 5.7 for discussion regarding follow-up enforcement). 5.4.2 Inspection Documentation Procedures Inspection forms may be developed and used to properly document all inspections and gather the necessary information for record keeping and annual reporting. Examples include: • General Inspection Forms -These primary forms provide for a general characterization of the fixed facility or field program being inspected, including the type of facility or program, the reason for inspection, activities that may take place, and BMPs applicable for the facility. A general form for all inspections and a single fi..xed facility specific form should be completed . • Activity Specific Inspection Forms -These secondaIY forms include a series of questions or checklist items about specific activities taking place at a fixed facility or as pad of a field program, as well as a list of suggested cOlTective action plans that call be implemented should a problem be found. All forms applicable to the activities being peliormed at a fi..'!(ed facility or field program should be completed. 5.5 Treatment Control BMP Maintenance Maintenance of treatment controls and drainage conveyance systems (e.g. detention. and retention basins, infiltration devices, catch basins) including regular inspections as presented in Section 4, is needed to maintain efficient pollutant reduction. If treatment control BMPs are not properly maintained, BMP effectiveness is reduced and water quality deteriorates. Training should be provided where needed. Maintenance schedules should be periodically reviewed and updated as needed to maintain BMP effectiveness. Where regular scheduled maintenallce is not appropriate, regular inspections should be scheduled to determine when repairs, eleaning, or replacement are necessmy. See Section 4 for a comprehensive discussion regarding maintenance of treatment control BMPs. Where municipal contractors are responsible for maintenance of treatment controls, special attention should be directed towm'd ensuring proper maintenance procedures are implemented. Contract and lease language should include recommended maintenance procedures and schedules. Regularly scheduled inspections of facilities or programs operated by the contractor should include compliance with BMP maintenance requirements. January 2003 Errata 9-04 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 5-3 Section 5 BMP Implementation and Evaluation 5.6 Analytical Monitoring Although expensive, stormwater monitoring is a valuable way to assess long-term BMP effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of selected BMPs at reducing pollutants to the "maximum extent practicable". For Phase I municipalities, specific monitoring requirements depend on the individuai NPDES permits issued. Phase IT municipalities are covered by the Phase IT General NPDES Permit and are not explicitly required to conduct chemical monitoring. Monitoring activities can include source identification, and chemical characterization of effluent/runoff, and non-stormwater discharges. It is beyond the scope of this handbook to describe specific sampling and analytical teclmiques. For guidance on conventional stormwater sampling techniques and protocol, the reader should refer to NPDES Stormwater Sampling Guidance Document, 1992, published by the USEP A, or Caltrans' Guidance Manual; Stormwater Monitoring Protocols, 2000. 5.7 Enforcement To ensure proper BMP performance, enforcement procedures and mechanisms should be established for the muuicipal fixed facilities and field programs. Enforcement actions may occur as a result of a problem found during an inspection or in response to a complaint that is . received. Several different types of enforcement mechanisms and penalties can be utilized to ensure compliance. The internal enforcement procedures, direct~ toward municipal st~ include initial verbal warnings, written warnings, and more serious disciplinary actions if verbal and written warnings do not result in appropriate action. External enforcement procedures which pertain to municipal contractors may be undertaken primarily by the municipality's inspectors, managers, and supervisors who possess enforcement authority through established policies and procedures or ordinances. Depending on the severity of the violation, e:nforcement could range from the issuance of a notice of noncompliance to the loss of a contract or lease, or a fine. 5·.8 Record keeping As applicable, the mllilicipality should maintain records demonstrating successful implementation of BMPs. Recordkeeping may include training, site inspection and maintenance, and if applicable, monitoring. Training antI Workshops Records of all training sessions provided to staff should be maintained to allow for: • detennining whicll staff requires which training; • determining when training sessions must be conducted; and !II documenting training activities for enforcement and compliance purposes. Municipal staff may attend training sessions or workshops sponsored by non-Pelinittees such as local or national organizations. For these sessions, the following information should be recorded: 5-4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 Errata 9-04 • SectiQn 5 BMP Implementation and Evaluation • Name of Workshop/Training • Sponsoring Organization • General Description of the Subject Matter • Location • Date • Attendee information (name, title, department, phone and/or email) Site Inspection and BMP Maintenallce Inspection reports should be kept to track frequency and results of inspections, BMPs implemented, condition of BMPs inspected, and follow-up actions taken. It is also impOltant to keep a record of maintenance activities or any other BMPs that are of an "action" nature. It is easy to demonstrate that a BMP that involves a physical change, such as benning or covering, has been accomplished. However, actions that relate to good housekeeping can only be demonstrated by recordkeeping. Besides demonstrating compliance, records can assist in BMP management. Keeping a record of catch basin cleaning, for example, also provides insight into how long it takes for the catch basin sump to refill. Monitoring Records of all stonnwater monitoring infonnation, inspections and visual observations, certifications, corrective actions and follow-up activities, and copies of all reports must be retained for a period of at least five years. These records shall include at a :minimum, \vhen applicable: • Date, place, and time of sampling, visual observations, and/or measurements. • Individual(s) who perfonned the sampling, visual observations, and or measurements. • Visual observation records for stonn events. • Visual observations and inspections of non-stormwater discharges. • Calibration and maintenance records of on-site instruments used. • Visual observations and sample collection exception records, • Date and approximate time of analyses. • Individual who perfonned the analyses. • Analytical results, method detection linlits, and the analytical techniques or methods used. • Quality assurance/quality control records and results. January 2003 Errata 9-04 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Munidpal www.cabmphandpooks.com 5-5 • Section 5 BMP Implementation and Evaluation • Sampling and analysis exemption and reduction certifications and supporting documentation. • Records of any corrective actions and follow-up activities that resulted from th~ Visual observations. 5.9 Reporting Phase I municipalities are required to submit annual reports documenting BMP implementation, with due dates varying depending on individual NPDES permit requirements. Specific reporting requirements differ between individual permits. Typically~ they include, but are not limited to, the following: • Program implementation status. • Summary of stormwater activities perfonned. • Stormwater monitoring results summary and analysis. • Assessment of the effectiveness of selected control measures or BMPs. • Changes or suggested changes to the BMP that will improve overall effectiveness of the program. Phase II municipalities will be required under the Phase II General NDPES Pennit~ beginning in 2004, to submit annual reports to the appropriate RWQCB by August 15th of each year~ or as otherwise required by the RWQCB executive officer. Specific reporting requirements will include: • Program implementation status. • Summmy of storm water activities performed. • Results of information collected, such as monitoring data. • Summmy of proposed storm water activities for the next reporting cycle. • Changes made in BMP selection. • Changes in storm water management personnel. • Changes made in program or measurable goals. 5-6 California Storm water BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 Errata 9-04 Section 6 Long-term Maintenance of BMPs 6.1 Introduction The long-term performance of BMPs hinges on ongoing and proper maintenance. In order for this to occur detailed maintenance plans are needed that include specific maintenance activities and frequencies for each type of BMP. In addition, these should include indicators for assessing when "as needed" maintenance activities are required. The fact sheets included in this volume contain the basic information needed to develop these maintenance plans, but municipalities and other regulatory agencies also need to identify the responsible party and potentially to address funding requirements. The following discussion is based primarily on data developed by Horner et al. (1994) and information available at http://www.stormwatercenter.netj 6.2 Critical Regulatory Components Critical regulatory components identified by Horner et al. (1994) include: • Regulations should officially designate a responsible party, frequently the development .site owner, to have ultimate responsibility for the continued maintenance of stormwater facilities. This official designation provides the opportunity for appropriate preparation and budgeting prior to actually assuming responsibilities. It also facilitates enforcement or other legal remedies necessary to address compliance or performance problems once the facility has been constructed. • Regulations should clearly state the inspection and maintenance requirements. Inspection and maintenance requirements should also comply with all applicable statutes and be based on the needs and priorities of the individual measure or facility. A clear presentation will help owners and builders comply and inspectors enforce requirements. • Regulations should contain comprehensive requirements for documenting and detailing maintenance. A facility operation and maintenance manual should be prepared containing accurate and comprehensive drawings or plans of the completed facility and detailed descriptions and schedules of inspection and maintenance. • The regulations should delineate the procedure for maintenance noncompliance. This process should provide informal, discretionary measures to deal with periodic, inadvertent noncompliance and formal and severe measures to address chronic noncompliance or performance problems. In either case, the primary goal of enforcement is to maintain an effective BMP -the enforcement action should not become an end in itself. • Regulations should also address the possibility of total default by the owner or builder by providing a way to complete construction and continue maintenance. For example, the public might assume maintenance responsibility. If so, the designated public agency must be alerted and possess the necessary staffing, equipment, expertise, and funding to assume this responsibility. Default can be addressed through bonds and other performance January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 6-1 • Section 6 Long-term Maintenance of BMPs guarantees obtained before the project is approved and construction begins. These bonds can then be used to fund the necessary maintenance activities. • The regulations must recognize that adequate and secure funding is needed for facility inspection and maintenance and provide for such funding. 6.3 Enforcement Options A public agency will sometimes need to compel those responsible for facility construction or maintenance to fulfill their obligations. Therefore, the maintenance program must have enforcement options for quick corrective action. Rather than a single enforcement measure, the program should have a variety of techniques, each with its own degree of formality and legal weight. The inspection program should provide for nonconforming performance and even default, and contain suitable means to address all stages. Prior to receiving construction approval, the developer or builder can be. forced to provide . performance guarantees. The public agency overseeing the construction can use these guarantees, usually a performance bond or other surety in an amount equal to some fraction of the facility's construction cost, to fund maintenance activities. Enforcement of maintenance requirements can be accomplished through a stormwater maintenance agreement, which is a formal contract between a local government and a property . owner designed to guarantee that specific maintenance functions are performed in exchange for permission to develop that property (http://www.stormwatercenter.net/). Local governments benefit from these agreements in that responsibility for regular maintenance of the BMPs can be placed upon the property owner or other legally recognized party, allowing agency staff more time for plan review and inspection. 6.4 Maintenance Agreements Maintenance agreements can be an effective tool for ensuring long-term maintenance of on-site BMPs. The most important aspect of creating these maintenance agreements is to clearly define the responsibilities of each party entering into the agreement. Basic language that should be incorporated into an agreement includes the following: 1. Performance of Routine Maintenance Local governments often find it easier to have a property owner perform all maintenance according to the requirements of a Design Manual. Other communities require that property owners do aesthetic maintenance (i.e., mowing, vegetation removal) and implement pollution prevention plans, but elect to perform structural maintenance and sediment removal themselves. 2. Maintenance Schedules Maintenance requirements may vary, but usually governments require that all BMP owners perform at least an annual inspection and document the maintenance and repairs performed. An annual report must then be submitted to the government, who may then choose to perform an inspection of the facility. 6-2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 i , i I . i -~ • Section 6 Long-term Maintenance pf BMPs 3. Inspection Requirements Local governments may obligate themselves to perform an annual inspection of a BMP, or may choose to inspect when deemed necessary instead. Local governments may also wish to include language allowing maintenance requirements to be ,increased if deemed necessary to ensure proper functioning of the BMP. 4. Access to BMPs , The agreement should grant permission to a local government or its authorized agent to enter onto property to inspect BMPs. If deficiencies are noted, the government should then provide a copy of the inspection report to the property owner and provide a timeline for repair of these deficiencies. 5. Failure to Maintain In the maintenance agreement, the government should repeat the steps available for addressing a failure to maintain situation. Language allowing access to BMPs cited as not properly maintained is essential, along with the right to charge any costs for repairs back to the property owner. The government may wish to include deadlines for repayment of maintenance costs, and provide for liens against property up to the cost of the maintenance plus interest. 6. Recording Of The Maintenance Agreement An important aspect to the recording of the maintenance agreement is that the agreement be recorded into local deed records. This helps ensure that the maintenance agreement is bound to the property in perpetuity. Finally, some communities elect to include easement requirements into their maintenance agreements. 'While easement agreements are often secured through a separate legal agreement, recording public access easements for maintenance in a maintenance agreement reinforces a local government's right to enter and inspect a BMP. Examples of maintenaI1ce agreements include several available on the web at: http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ 6.5 Public Funding Sources Iflocal agencies are willing to assume responsibility for stormwater BMPs, it is' essential to identify the long-term funding sources. Several of these are described below: General Tax Revenues Tax revenues are an obvious source of funding, particularly for the long-term inspection and maintenance of existing runoff and drainage facilities. The benefits and protection to the public from continued safe and effective operation of the facility justifies using revenues from general funds. To use tax revenues, particularly from a general fund, the inspection and maintenance program must annually compete with all other programs included in the government's annual operating budget. This inconsistent and unreliable funding makes securing a long-term financial January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook ' New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 6-3 • Section 6 Long-term Maintenance of BMPs commitment to inspection and maintenance difficult and subject to political pressures. Nevertheless, tax revenues remain a popular funding source because the collection and disbursement system is already in place and familiar. Utility Charges Using utility charges to fund inspection and maintenance is a somewhat recent application of an already established financing technique. In addition, several municipalities and counties throughout the country have runoff management, drainage, and flood control authorities or districts to provide residents with runoff related services. Using utility chl:!-rge financing has several advantages. By addressing only runoff needs and benefits, utility funding avoids competing with other programs an:d needs. Utility funding also demonstrates a direct link between the funding and the services it provides. This approach can require an entirely new operating system and organization that needs legal authorization to exist, operate, and assess charges. The effort requ~red to create such an entity can deter many, although the continued success of established authorities and growth of new ones have done much to allay concerns over the effort required. In a ninoff utility, the user charges are often based on the need for services rather than the benefits derived from them. While charges are based on actual costs to inspect and maintain runoff facilities and measures within the service area, the assessed rate structure should relate to site characteristics. These include property area size, extent of impervious coverage, and other factors with a direct and demonstrable effect on runoff. To be fair, the rate structure should, also remain simple and understandable to the ratepayer. To finance the stormwater utility in Prince William County, Virginia, residential and nonresidential owners of developed property pay based on the amount of impervious area (rooftops, paved areas, etc.) on their property. Residents pay $10.38 billed twice a year ($20.76 total annual fee) for detached Singe-family homes. Town home and condominium owners will pay $7.785 billed twice a year ($15.57 total annual fee). Nonresidential property owners pay $0.84 per 1,000 ft2 of impervious area per month. Fee adjustments or credits may be available if a stormwater management system is already in place. The fee will be on the real estate bills. Fees for the stormwater utility in Austin, Texas are higher with residential users billed $5.79/mo, while commercial users pay $94.62/mo/ acre of impervious cover. These fees cover not only maintenance of existing BMPs, but also capital improvement projects related to the drainage infrastructure. Permit Fees Collecting permit fees to finance runoff inspection and maintenance is a long standing funding procedure. Most governmental entities local, county, and state can establish and collect fees and other charges to obtain operating funds for programs and services. Many inspection services, most notably the construction inspection of both ESC m~asures and permanent drainage and runoff management facilities, are financed at least in part through fees collected by permitting agencies. Unlike taxes or some utility charges, inspection costs are borne by those who need them. 6-4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 , .1 .'. Section 6 Long-term Maintenance of BMPs The permit fee collection program should have a demonstrable link to the runoff management or drainage systems. The public agency should demonstrate a direct link between the permit fees collected and the permitted project one method is using dedicated accounts for individual projects and facilities. Finally, the rate structure should reflect site characteristics such as area size or imperviousness that directly relate to the measure or facility by affecting runoff or erosion. Dedicated Contributions Public agencies at times have used developer contributions to fund long-term facility maintenance. This approach is particularly appropriate in single-family residential subdivisions, where numerous individual property owners served by a single runoff facility can result in confusion over who has maintenance responsibility. The exact funding technique depends on m~y factors, including community attitude and know:1edge, economic and political viability, and program needs and costs. Some techniques, including permit fees and dedicated contributions, may be more appropriate for short-term activities, such as construction inspection. Others utility charges and specialized tax revenues may apply to all phases of an inspection and maintenance program but require considerable effort and special legal authorization to operate. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 6-5 i I i , ,,: -I I ;-] I 1 -I .:':1 ~~'~.:l --, ! -, ... \ ''''C • \~,' . \ -' / . ,~-,' V Clean W8JJ!Jt Out PO Box 869 Oceans/de, CA 92049 OffIce: (760) 433-7840 Fax: (760) 433-3178 Qkent@blocleanenlrarvnental.net WNN.bIocleanSf1WOnmental.net THE CAUFORNIA CURB SHELF BASKET WATER ClEANSING SYSTEM CURB BASKET -CONTINUOUS Flgtn1 , I San crego raglanal standard Curb k1IeI-'1P B I ~. Manhole . ' . ' ~·t: .. Z-mofd D~PIn r--'"---'---'_-HydrophobIc Details of Z-mold figura 2 l=eI~ ',' '~r-r-l---t---Hydrocarbon ... " Removable Basket • catches everything· " Remove through , '~ . --~~:~ to .. . 4'.. . . Q ( • ~ 0 • ·.4 0". . • -' ./~ ---;,r-4 4. • Absorbing Boom NOTES: 1. FlIIra1Ian unit manufactured cI marine grade llberglaae. gel coated for IN prctectIon. - 2. Flltratfon unit has fine screen and coaiS8 containment screen manufactured ' from stak'11es8 steel. 3. Filtration unit holds boom of absorbent media to capture hydrocarbons. Boom Is easily rep/aced without removrng mounting hardware. no zip ties required. FIgure 3 Patented 'e Technologies Inc. 720 Mullet Road, Suit. -W, Ca". Cana,!eral, FL 32920 Ph: (321J 799-000.1 Fa. (321J 79g.1246 www.suntTeetech.com ~ppel@Suntreetech. Side View In Catchbasin (Curb J Watter and trash in Round Colloector Basket Manhole opening Concrete Catch basin Curb inlet weir and trash collecting basket With Hydrophobic Hydrocarbon collector boom Inside of a concrete Catch basin. ('" ".. .- ~. # ... _.' (. (, I~ Pollutant Removal Efficiency 80% : -I i I 70% + I I I · · 60% 1 · · .. I CI 50% .~ -., ff I i , :J 40% I I. ~ of. 30% ~ I 20% I I I ; 10°' : I 0% ; L ______ -... I % Change Parameter I Ammonia. - SaDcyl. _ I Chemical 0...- DimllHl • N .... and Nidi a Nitrogen, Total KJeldahl .OlandG .... • PIloIphafI, Total • SolIdI, Suspender \ '. " ":', •• :: .',.: I ',.. • Grate InletSk.immelf Box " .. ' .'. For Grate'd Inlets . ":", ~ . ,. ',:.:: " ::' . '" .:", ." .. .' '" . SpecutflJl SlIormwtlllle1f ApJjJ8icIOtJioOfJ llytdJrdJClllfllJODfJ A1lJso1JlPtioJJ8 Boom M,!lti-stage FIltration Captures Everything !IrQ'" Hydrocarbons, 'To,Sediment, To Grass Clippings, To 1I~man , T:;ash ••• Everythingl WilllNiJt Impeile TIltle' Desiguoed Flow . Of The loo/Jet The qrate Inlet Skimmer Box is made of . durable fiberglass, with stainless steel filter screens backed by heavy duty aluminum grating. Suntree Technologies has the ability to make custoin shaped units to accommo4ate- any unique retrofit requirement. 810 CLEAN STORMWATER SYSTEMS POBox 869, Oceanside, CA 92049 :l''''~''I''llr",~,I'''~ I",,:'''I-P''/," .. r-,.,..' , ......... _'10 ". '. : Custom Sizesooe' No Problem' , . . . . ~ .. ", : . . "':." 0':;', '. ' :: .. Cu~ .nletB'" For Grated Or"Nt))i-~rat~f;l Utilizing filtration screens, ·06· . different sieve sizes optimizes the water flow and the potential for capturing debris. If the unit becomes full of debris, the water flow can b~~s th~ filtration process. Left: View of the Gl'lIt~ Inlet Skimmer BiJ~' '. with flume, completely.' ~talled . an,f rea~y. . for the grate to .be placed back;': . ..' '. " '. ',::: ' " ' Models are available for all standard' San Diego and California type inlets~ and can be easily serviced without entering the catchbasin. For More Information: Screen In Back Up High For 1<!31"''I''ln Litter & Fol ) & Bottom For -: . .' Col . ediment \ Screen are of Multiple Sieve Sizes to optimize filtration and water flow Captures -everything. from sediment,. to. foliage, to litter, to hydrocarbons ... Everything ! Heavy Duty Fiberglass Body BIO CLEAN ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Curb Inlet Basket Quality Features Built To Lastl The Curb Inlet Basket is made from the ~ighest quality materials. and can have a life expectancy spanning many decades. It is' not made up of mostly disposable geofabric that can be rolled up and put into your pocket. The materials that are used to make the Curb Inlet B;;asket are stainless steelr . fiberglass, and aluminum: the exact materials that have set the standards for the marine industry for over half a century. 318 stainless steel welded screens for strength and durability. Unlike screens made from plastic, which. last only a couple of years at best, 318 stainless steel screen willl~st .indefinitely. Because every strand of wire making up the screen is welded to another at every point that will cross' the strength of each strand is increased due.to the support of adjacentstrands, and there· is no possibility for the strands to shift or unravel. Body made from high quality fiberglass with gelcoated surfaces & UV filter. . Constructed from the sa~e materials used to make the hulls of fine boats, the fiberglass body will have an indefinite life span. Complete with UV filte~, it's strength is unaffected by long term exposu re to both the sunlight and water. The upper coarse containment screens helps to prevent floatables like litter and foliage from escaping during heavy flows. Years of real world testing have proven that using scre~t:1s of more than one sieve size optimizes filtration and water flow. The water flow into an inlet is often very turbulent and heavy. Floatables like litter and foliage have a tendency to churn with the turbulence. The upper coarse containment screen will allow greater water flow without letting the floatables escape over the top of the basket. The Curb Inlet Basket is good long term investment that will not have to be replaced on a regular basis. POBox 869, Oceanside CA 92049 (760) 433-'7640 Fax (760) 433-3176 www.biccleanenvironmental.net •• • '~- Curb Inlet Filter Sizing Calculations The curb inlet filter being utilized for this project is the "California Curb Shelf Basket Water Cleansing System" by Suntree Technologies. Standard Specifications for the inlet filters are included in Attachment 11. The manufacturer's specifications indicate that each 3' basket is capable of treating 10.6 cfs. All of the curb inlets throughout the site have flows less than 10.6 cfs with the exception of a few listed below. Therefore, all curb inlet filters will adequately handle lOO-year flows. Alander Ct. @ 10+50.00: Q = 14.49 cfs. This inlet will require two baskets Arapaho Pl. @ 17+31.20: Q = 12.42 cfs. This inlet will require two baskets 15 Ol1014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc j .' ~ \,