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Home My WebLink AboutSP 181H; Home2 Carlsbad Suites; GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS; 2016-03-11.. I GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME~ SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CITY OF CARLSBAD SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA LSA March II, 2016 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK I ---~ GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CITY OF CARLSBAD SAN DIEGO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Prepared for: Royal Hospitality Carlsbad, LLC 6560 Poco Lago Rancho Santa Fe, California 92067 Prepared by: LSA 703 Palomar Airport Road, Suite 260 Carlsbad, California 92011 LSA Project No. HWE1601 LSA March II, 2016 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ,- I_ L_j _j _ _j LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................ i FIGURES, TABLES, AND APPENDICES .......................................................................................... ii FIGURES .................................................................................................................................. ii TABLES .................................................................................................................................... ii APPENDICES ........................................................................................................................... ii LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS .............................................................................. iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................... 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES ................................................................................ 3 2.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS ..................................................................................................... 11 2.1 CLIMATE AND EFFECTS ....................................................................................... 11 2.2 GREENHOUSE GAS BACKGROUND ................................................................... 11 2.2.1 Types of Greenhouse Gases .......................................................................... 12 2.3 GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS ................................................................... 13 2.3.1 International Greenhouse Gas Legislation .................................................... 13 2.3.2 Federal Greenhouse Gas Regulations ............................................................ 14 2.3.3 Regional Agreements: Western Climate Initiative (WCI) ............................ 15 2.3.4 California Greenhouse Gas Regulations ....................................................... 15 2.3.5 Local Policies and Regulations: City of Carlsbad ......................................... 23 2.4 EXISTING GREENHOUSE GAS LEVELS ............................................................. 24 3.0 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE .................................................................................... 27 3.1 CEQA GUIDELINES FOR GREENHOUSE GASES .............................................. 27 4.0 IMPACTS ................................................................................................................................ 31 4.1 ANALYSIS LIMITATIONS ..................................................................................... 31 4.2 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 31 4.2.1 Project Greenhouse Gas Emission Sources ................................................... 32 4.3 PROPOSED PROJECT EMISSIONS ........................................................................ 32 4.3.1 Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions ...................................................... 32 4.3.2 Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions ....................................................... 33 4.3.3 Total Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions ..................................................... 35 4.4 GREENHOUSE GAS NET EMISSIONS .................................................................. 36 5.0 MITIGATION ......................................................................................................................... 39 6.0 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 41 R:\HWE1601 \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton_Carlsbad_ GHG _Report_ 3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD. CALIFORNIA FIGURES, TABLES, AND APPENDICES FIGURES LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 Figure 1: Project Vicinity ........................................................................................................................ 5 Figure 2: Aerial Photograph .................................................................................................................... ? TABLES Table A: Projects Requiring GHG Analysis and Mitigation ................................................................ 28 Table B: Proposed Project's Estimated Construction Emissions .......................................................... 33 Table C: Proposed Project's Annual Direct On-Site Operational Emissions ....................................... 34 TableD: Proposed Project's Annual Indirect Operational Emissions .................................................. 34 Table E: Proposed Project's Annual Operational Emissions ................................................................ 35 Table F: Proposed Project's Total Annual Emissions .......................................................................... .35 Table G: Net GHG Emissions Determination ....................................................................................... 36 APPENDICES A GHG REDUCTION MEASURES B PROPOSED PROJECT CALEEMOD EMISSIONS OUTPUT FILE C HV AC REFRIGERANT EMISSIONS ii R:\HWE1601 \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) L_J l i L __ ! : _! ,--l LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH20I6 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS oF degrees Fahrenheit AB Assembly Bill AEP Association of Environmental Professionals API American Petroleum Institute BACT best available control technology BAMM best available monitoring methods BAU business-as-usual BMP best management practice CAA Clean Air Act CAFE Corporate Average Fuel Economy CalEEMod California Emission Estimator Model CalEPA California Environmental Protection Agency CAL Green California Green Building Standards Code CAP Climate Action Plan CAPCOA California Air Pollution Control Officers Association CARB California Air Resources Board CAT Climate Action Team CCAR California Climate Action Registry CEC California Energy Commission CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CFCs Chlorofluorocarbons c~ methane City City of Carlsbad CNRA California Natural Resources Agency COz carbon dioxide COze carbon dioxide equivalent CPUC California Public Utilities Commission EO Executive Order EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency EPIC Energy Policy Initiative Center GHG greenhouse gas GWP global warming potential HFCs hydrofluorocarbons HVAC heating, ventilation and air conditioning ICLEI International Council on Local Environment Initiatives IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton_ Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-ll-2016.docx (3/11/2016) iii GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA LCFS LED LEV MMT Montreal Protocol mpg MPOs N20 NOx OAL ODSs OPR PFCs ppm project PUC RTAC RTP SANDAG SB scs SDAB SF6 UNEP UNFCCC voc WCI Low Carbon Fuel Standard light emitting diode Low Emission Vehicle million metric tons Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer miles per gallon Metropolitan Planning Organizations nitrous oxide oxides of nitrogen Office of Administrative Law ozone depleting substances Office of Planning and Research perfluorocarbons parts per million Home2 Suites by Hilton Carlsbad Project Public Utilities Commission Regional Targets Advisory Committee Regional Transportation Plan San Diego Association of Governments Senate Bill Sustainable Communities Strategy San Diego Air Basin sulfur hexafluoride United Nations Environment Program United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Volatile Organic Compound Western Climate Initiative LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 iv R:\HWE1601 \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) '~ ' I - i - I' , __ j LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This report presents an assessment of potential greenhouse gas (GHG) impacts associated with the development of the Home2 Suites by Hilton Carlsbad Project (project). The project entails the construction of a 3-story business hotel with 142 rooms and approximately 158 parking spaces. An assessment was made to estimate the total GHG emissions that would result from construction and operation of the proposed project. Sources of GHG emissions associated with construction include off-road equipment, worker vehicle trips, and material delivery vehicle trips. Sources of GHG emissions associated with operation include stationary sources, energy, water, natural gas, and transportation. The City of Carlsbad (City) released a Climate Action Plan (CAP) in September 2015. As provided in the CAP, the City is using an annual generation rate of900 metric tons ofGHGs to determine whether further GHG analysis is required. Based on guidance from the City, if the project-related GHG emissions exceed the screening criterion of900 metric tons, then a detailed analysis of the proposed project's emissions reduction of at least 15 percent below business-as-usual (BAU) levels is required. The project-related construction activities are estimated to generate 441.44 metric tons of carbon dioxide-equivalent (C02e). Construction emissions are amortized over 30 years, such that the proposed construction activities would contribute an average of 14.71 metric tons per year of carbon dioxide (C02) emissions. The project-related operational and amortized construction GHG emissions are estimated to generate 2,205.57 metric tons of C02e emissions per year under the proposed project scenario. The project includes several efficiency measures that woulid reduce GHG operational emissions. A GHG checklist of the project design features and their effectiveness ofGHG emissions reductions are provided in Appendix A. These features include using low volatile organic compound (VOC) adhesives, paints, stains, coatings, and carpets; exceeding Title 24 requirements by approximately 15 percent; providing Energy Star appliances; installing low-flow bathroom fixtures; and installing two electric vehicle charging stations. Proposed design features would result in GHG emissions reductions of approximately 349.47 metric tons per year. Therefore, the net difference in GHG emissions estimated for the proposed project would meet the CAP required 15 percent reduction in C02e emission per year. Therefore, the impacts associated with GHG emissions would be less than significant. No mitigation would be required. R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _ Report_3-ll-2016.docx (3/11/2016) GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. M:ARCH2016 2 R:\HWE1601 IGHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _ Report_3-ll-2016.docx (3/1112016) ' l __ _ ~ -_} LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 1.0 INTRODUCTION The proposed Home2 Suites by Hilton Carlsbad Project (hereafter referred to as the "project" or "proposed project") site is located in the Palomar Airport section of the City of Carlsbad (City). The proposed project would involve the construction of a 3-story hotel containing a total of 142 guestrooms, small business meeting space, business center, fitness center, and an indoor/outdoor patio space and swimming pool. The project will provide 158 surface parking spaces. The 3.848-acre project site is located at 1901 Wright Place, Carlsbad, California, and the San Diego County Assessor's Parcel Number is 212-091-13. It is located on the northeast corner ofPalomar Airport Road and Palomar Oaks Way. Refer to Figures 1 and 2 for the regional location and an aerial photograph of the project site, respectively. 1.1 PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES The project would include a number of project design features that would decrease generation of GHG emissions, increase energy efficiency, reduce water usage, and minimize generation of solid waste. All construction equipment operating on the project site would meet U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-Certified Tier 2 off-road emissions standards at minimum. In addition, all construction equipment would be outfitted with best available control technology (BACT) devices certified by the California Air Resources Board (CARB). The project would implement the following measures to increase energy efficiency: • Install EPA Energy Star-rated appliances in all rooms; • Minimize site outdoor lighting to only that necessary for security, safety, and identification; • Provide outdoor shaded areas to improve natural cooling on site and reduce energy needs for artificial cooling; and • Incorporate cool roof technologies and light colored paving where feasible. The project will also incorporate the following to minimize pollutant emissions: • Install heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HV A C), refrigeration, and fire suppression equipment that does not contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). • Apply low-VOC adhesives, paints, stains, coatings, and carpeting. • Install two electric vehicle charging stations. R:IHWEI601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-ll-2016.docx (3111/2016) 3 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 4 R:IHWE1601 \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-ll-2016.docx (311112016) l __ _ Cf'Offings at Carlsbad Legoland d Canino de las Ondas L SA ~~iiiiiiiiil0~00 ~~2000 FEET SOURCE: Bing Maps (20 14) LEGEND c:::J Project Location R:\HWE 160 1\GIS\ProjectLocation _ StreetBase.mxd (3/3/20 16) :su i Project Location " ~/>hlr~ D,. DEJONG ...,~ § .. .~ I lAC KRAll ~c.l' .,, . .. ~~ .0~ ~ o;. ., <a ~. ~ q. fARADAY SPECTRUM ~fc1att~0 ~ '\· '1:> V.· ).~ 'o'• Ro"' -: -< lit ~ ~ ~ CASSlA PROfESSIONAl (.,~5Sia Rd OFFICES ~ CT i · 5" ¢. r. ~$ ~.....: b \ ~ Aviara Plcwy ~ i \<a ~ 8 ~ .:1 ~ ~ FIG URE I Home2 Hotel by Hilton Project Project Location GREENHOUSE OAS EWISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOWE Z SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJ ECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. W:ARCH 2016 6 R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton_Car1sbad_GHG_Report_3-11-2016.docx (311 1/2016) I I L SA LEGEND D Project Study Area 0 50 100 FEET SOURCE: Bing Maps (2014) R:\HWE 160 1\GIS\ProjectAerial.mxd (3/3/20 16) FIGURE 2 Home2 Hotel by Hilton Project Aerial Photograph OltEENHOUSE GAS EWISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL ltEPOitT HOWE2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PltOJECT CARLSBAD , CALIPOR.NIA THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. W:AR.CH 2016 8 R:\HWE 160 1\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-11 -20 16.docx (3/11/20 16) LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA The project will incorporate the following to minimize water use: • Install low-water use fixtures, including: o High Efficiency Toilets: 1.28 gallons/flush or less o High Efficiency Urinals: 0.5 gallon/flush or less o Restroom Faucets: 1.5 gallons/minute or less o Kitchen Faucets: 1.5 gallons/minute or less o Shower-heads: 2.0 gallons/minute or less o Public Restroom: self-closing faucets o High Efficiency bed sheet/towel washers (water factor of 6.0 or less) o High Efficiency dishwashers (Energy-Star rated or equivalent) The project will implement a solid waste diversion program for operational waste and will also establish a construction waste diversion program to divert up to 50 percent of construction-related waste. In addition, recycling centers will be provided in readily accessible areas within buildings for depositing, storage, and collection of non-hazardous materials for recycling. R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-ll-2016.docx (3/11/2016) 9 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 10 R:IHWE 160 I IGHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _ Report_3-ll-20 16.docx (3/11/20 16) \_ ,__j __ j .. J LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 2.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS 2.1 CLIMATE AND EFFECTS The project site is located in San Diego County, which is within the San Diego Air Basin (SDAB). San Diego County is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west, Anza-Borrego Desert State Park to the east, Cleveland National Forest to the northeast and the U.S./Mexico border to the south. The climate in southern California, including the SDAB, is controlled largely by the strength and position of the subtropical high-pressure cell over the Pacific Ocean. Areas within 5 miles of the coast, including the project site, experience moderate temperatures and comfortable humidity. Precipitation is limited to a few storms during the winter season. Winds in the project area are usually driven by the dominant land/sea breeze circulation system. During the day, regional wind patterns are dominated by onshore sea breezes. At night, winds generally slow and reverse direction, traveling toward the Pacific Ocean. Many researchers studying California's climate believe that changes in Earth's climate have already affected California and will continue to do so. Projected future climate change may affect California in a variety of ways. Public health could suffer due to potential greater temperature extremes and more frequent severe weather events, increases in transmission of infectious disease, and a worsening of air pollution. Agriculture would be especially vulnerable to altered temperature and rainfall patterns, and related pest problems. Forest ecosystems could face increased fire hazards and would be more susceptible to pests and diseases. The Sierra snowpack, which functions as the state's largest reservoir, could shrink by one-third of its historic size by the year 2060 and one-half of its historic size by the year 2090. Runoff that fills reservoirs would be expected to start in midwinter, not spring, and rain falling on snow would be expected to trigger more flooding. The California coast would likely face a rise in sea level that could threaten the shorelines. Sea-level rise and storm surges could lead to flooding of low-lying property, loss of coastal wetlands, erosion of cliffs and beaches, saltwater contamination of drinking water, and damage to roads, causeways, and bridges. 2.2 GREENHOUSE GAS BACKGROUND Global climate change refers to changes in average climatic conditions on Earth, as a whole, including temperature, wind patterns, precipitation and storms. Global temperatures are moderated by naturally occurring atmospheric gases. These gases are commonly referred to as "greenhouse gases" because they function like a greenhouse by letting light in while preventing heat from escaping. Naturally occurring GHGs include water vapor, carbon dioxide (C02), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N20). These gases allow solar radiation (sunlight) into Earth's atmosphere but prevent radiative heat from escaping, thus warming the atmosphere. The natural accumulation of GHGs in the atmosphere has a positive effect on Earth's temperature. Without these natural GHGs, Earth's temperature would be about 61 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) cooler (California Environmental Protection Agency [CalEPA] 2006). R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-11-2016.docx (3/1112016) 11 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. :MARCH 2016 In addition to the naturally occurring gases, human-made compounds act as GHGs; common examples include hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6). These compounds are the result of a number of activities, including vehicular use, energy consumption/production, manufacturing, and cattle farming. These human-made compounds increase the natural concentration of GHGs in the atmosphere and are believed to result in a phenomenon referred to as "global warming." 2.2.1 Types of Greenhouse Gases Water vapor is the most abundant and variable GHG in the atmosphere; it is not considered a pollutant by GHG regulations. The main source of water vapor is evaporation from the oceans (approximately 85 percent). Other sources include evaporation from other water bodies, sublimation (change from solid to gas) from ice and snow, and transpiration from plant leaves (Association of Environmental Professionals [AEP] 2007). C02 is an odorless, colorless GHG. Natural sources include decomposition of dead organic matter; respiration of bacteria, plants, animals, and fungus; evaporation from oceans; and volcanic outgassing. Anthropogenic (human-caused) sources of C02 include respiration, increased rates of evaporation from the alteration of bodies of water (such as creating reservoirs), and burning fuels, such as coal, oil, natural gas, and wood. Concentrations are currently around 379 parts per million (ppm). Some scientists say that concentrations may increase to 1,130 C02-equivalent (C02e) ppm by the year 2100 as a direct result of anthropogenic sources (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] 2007). Some predict that this would result in an average global temperature rise of at least 7.2°F (IPCC 2007). The global warming potential (GWP) of C02 is defined as one; the GWP of other GHGs are expressed as multiples ofthe GWP ofCOz. CH4 is a gas and is the main component of natural gas used in homes. It has a GWP of about 21, or 21 times the GWP of C02• A natural source ofCH4 is from the decay of organic matter. Geological deposits known as natural gas fields contain CH4, which is extracted for fuel. Other sources are from decay of organic material in landfills, fermentation of manure, and cattle digestion. N20, also known as laughing gas, is a colorless gas. It has a GWP of about 310. NzO is produced by microbial processes in soil and water, including reactions that occur in fertilizer-containing nitrogen. In addition to agricultural sources, some industrial processes (nylon production, nitric acid production) also emit N20. It is used in rocket engines, as an aerosol spray propellant and in race cars. During combustion, oxides of nitrogen (NOx, which is a generic term for mono-nitrogen oxides, such as NO and N02) are produced as a criteria pollutant and are not the same as N20. Very small quantities ofN20 may be formed during fuel combustion by nitrogen and oxygen (American Petroleum Institute [API] 2004). Fluorocarbons are gases formed synthetically by replacing all hydrogen atoms in CH4 or ethane with chlorine and/or fluorine atoms. Chlorofluorocarbons are nontoxic, nonflammable, insoluble, and chemically nonreactive in the troposphere (the level of air at Earth's surface). Chlorofluorocarbons were first synthesized in 1928 for use as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, and cleaning solvents. They destroy stratospheric ozone; therefore, their production was stopped as required by the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (Montreal Protocol). Fluorocarbons have a GWP ofbetween 140 and 11,700. 12 R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) , __ J 10 I_ i__' l_ i L __ ~ ' ' _I i _j LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA SF6 is an inorganic, odorless, colorless, nontoxic, nonflammable gas. It has the highest GWP of any gas at 23,900. SF 6 is used for insulation in electric power transmission and distribution equipment, in the magnesium industry, in semiconductor manufacturing, and as a tracer gas for leak detection. Ozone is a GHG; however, unlike the other GHGs, ozone in the troposphere is relatively short-lived and therefore is not global in nature. According to the CARB, it is difficult to make an accurate determination ofthe contribution of ozone precursors (NOx and VOCs) to global warming (CARB 2006). 2.3 GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS All levels of government have some responsibility for the protection of air quality, and each level (international, federal, state, and regional/local) has specific responsibilities relating to air quality regulation. GHG emissions and the regulation of GHGs is a relatively new component of air quality. 2.3.1 International Greenhouse Gas Legislation Montreal Protocol. The Coordinating Committee on the Ozone Layer was established by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) in 1977, and UNEP's Governing Council adopted the World Plan of Action on the Ozone Layer. Continuing efforts led to the signing in 1985 of the Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer. This led to the creation of the Montreal Protocol, an international treaty designed to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out production of ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). The treaty was adopted on September 16, 1987, and went into force on January 1, 1989. By the end of2006, the 191 parties to the treaty had phased out over 96 percent ofODSs (UNEP 2007). Because of this success, scientists are now predicting that the ozone hole will "heal" later this century. The elimination of these ODSs also has benefits relative to global climate change because of these substances are also potent GHGs. For example, CFCs have GWP ranging from 4,680 to 10,720 (UNEP 2007). However, as noted, the phasing out of the ODSs has led to the increase in the use of non-ozone depleting substances such as HFCs, which, although not detrimental to the ozone layer, are also potent GHGs. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The United States participates in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (signed on March 21, 1994 ). The Kyoto Protocol is a treaty made under the UNFCCC and was the first international agreement to regulate GHG emissions. If the commitments outlined in the Kyoto Protocol are met, global GHG emissions could be reduced by an estimated 5 percent from 1990 levels during the first commitment period of2008-2012. Although the United States is a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, Congress has not ratified the Protocol and the United States is not bound by the Protocol's commitments. R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton_ Carlsbad_ GHG _ Report_3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) 13 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 2.3.2 Federal Greenhouse Gas Regulations In the past, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has not regulated GHGs under the Clean Air Act (CAA). However, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on April2, 2007, in Massachusetts v. US. Environmental Protection Agency, that C02 is an air pollutant, as defined under the CAA, and that the EPA has the authority to regulate emissions ofGHGs. After a thorough examination ofthe scientific evidence and careful consideration of public comments, the EPA announced on December 7, 2009, that GHGs threaten the public health and welfare of the American people, as summarized below. Endangerment Finding: "The EPA Administrator finds that the current and projected concentrations of the six key well-mixed GHGs-COz, CH4, NzO, HFC, PFC, and SF6-in the atmosphere threaten the public health and welfare of current and future generations." Cause or Contribute Finding: "The EPA Administrator finds that the combined emissions of these well-mixed GHG from motor vehicles and motor vehicle engines contribute to the GHG pollution that threatens public health and welfare." The endangerment findings do not themselves impose any requirements on industry or other entities. This action was a prerequisite to the EPA's final GHG emissions standards for light-duty vehicles, which were jointly implemented by EPA and the Department of Transportation's National Highway Safety Administration on April 1, 2010. Mandatory Reporting Rule of Greenhouse Gases. On January 1, 2010, the EPA, for the first time, started requiring large emitters of heat-trapping emissions to begin collecting GHG data under a new reporting system. This new program will cover approximately 85 percent of the nation's GHG emissions and apply to roughly 10,000 facilities. Fossil fuel and industrial GHG suppliers, motor vehicle and engine manufacturers, and facilities that emit 25,000 metric tons or more of C02e per year will be required to report GHG emissions data to the EPA annually. This reporting threshold is equivalent to about the annual GHG emissions from 4,600 passenger vehicles. The EPA also requires large vehicle and engine manufacturers outside of the light-duty sector to begin GHG reporting with vehicle/engine model year 2011 and forward. Corporate Average Fuel Economy Standards. The Federal Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standard determines the fuel efficiency of certain vehicle classes in the U.S. In 2007, as part of the Energy and Security Act of2007, CAFE standards were increased for new light-duty vehicles to 35 miles per gallon (mpg) by 2020. In May 2009, President Obama announced plans to increase CAFE standards to require light-duty vehicles to meet an average fuel economy of35.5 mpg by 2016. On May 21, 2010, following the direction set by President Obama, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and EPA issued joint Final Rules for CAFE and GHG emissions regulations for model years 2017 and beyond. EPA GHG Reporting Requirements. Congress passed "The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2008" (HR 2764) in December 2007, which includes provisions for mandatory GHG reporting requirements. The measure directed the EPA to publish draft rules by September 2008 and final rules by June 2009 mandating reporting "for all sectors of the economy." The EPA published draft GHG 14 R:IHWE1601 \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _ Report_3-ll-2016.docx (3/1112016) [_ L_ - i~ i 'i L __ j , ___ : LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA reporting rules on April10, 2009. While various final GHG reporting rules have been published by the EPA, the EPA issued extensions for reporting on November 9, 2011. Due to an erroneous reference in the EPA's procedures for handling GHG data, the EPA extended the deadline to September 24, 2012, by which owners and operators may submit a best available monitoring methods (BAMM) request for approval by the EPA Administrator for directly measured, recipe-specific emissions factors, and for any aspect of the rule for unique and extreme circumstances beyond December 31, 2011. The EPA also extended until September 28, 2012, the period during which owners and operators may automatically use BAMM without having to request approval by the Administrator. 2.3.3 Regional Agreements: Western Climate Initiative (WCI) The WCI is a partnership among seven states, including California and four Canadian provinces, that is implementing a regional, economy-wide cap-and-trade system to reduce global warming pollution. The WCI will cap the region's electricity, industrial, and transportation sectors with the goal of reducing the heat-trapping emissions that cause global warming 15 percent below 2005 levels by 2020. California is working closely with the other states and provinces to design a regional GHG reduction program that includes a cap-and-trade approach. On October 20, 2011, CARB adopted a cap-and-trade program that will link California and the other member states and provinces. 2.3.4 California Greenhouse Gas Regulations Concern about the disproportionately negative impacts that global warming are expected to have on the California environment and economy has led the California State Legislature to pass several climate-change-related bills. These bills are aimed at controlling and reducing the emission of GHGs to slow the effects of global warming. The bills that have the potential to substantially affect the proposed project are discussed in this section. In addition to the bills discussed below, the California Legislature has introduced numerous other bills that range in scope from establishing market-based compliance mechanisms to energy standards for light bulbs. Some have been enacted into law and others are pending. California Code of Regulations, Title 24, Part 6. Although not originally intended to reduce GHGs, California Code of Regulations Title 24 Part 6: California's Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings were first established in 1978 in response to a legislative mandate to reduce California's energy consumption. The standards are updated periodically to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy-efficiency technologies and methods. The GHG emission inventory was based on Title 24 standards as of October 2005; however, Title 24 has been updated as of2008 and standards were phased in as of January 2010. The latest Title 24 standards are anticipated to increase energy efficiency by 15 percent, thereby reducing GHG emissions from energy use by 15 percent. Energy-efficient buildings require less electricity, natural gas, and other fuels. Electricity production from fossil fuels and on-site fuel combustion (typically for water heating) results in GHG emissions. Therefore, increased energy efficiency results in decreased GHG emissions. The Title 24 standards are updated periodically to allow consideration and possible incorporation of new energy efficiency technologies and methods. The 2013 update to the 2008 standards became effective in July 2014. R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _ Report_3-11-2016.docx (3111/2016) 15 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 CARLSBAD. CALIFORNIA Executive Order D-16-00. This Executive Order (EO), signed by Governor Gray Davis on August 2, 2000, established a state sustainable building goal. The sustainable building goal is to site, design, deconstruct, construct, renovate, operate, and maintain state buildings that are models of energy, water, and materials efficiency, while providing healthy, productive, and comfortable indoor environments and long-term benefits to Californians. As with the California Energy Code, reductions in energy usage provided by sustainable building design would result in reduced GHG emissions. Senate Billl771. Senate Bill (SB) 1771 (Sher), enacted on September 30, 2000, requires the Secretary of the Resources Agency to establish a nonprofit public benefit corporation, to be known as the "California Climate Action Registry" (CCAR), for the purpose of administering a voluntary GHG emission registry. The Energy Commission is required to develop metrics for use by the CCAR and update the State's inventory ofGHG emissions by January 1, 2002, and every five years thereafter. Executive Order S-7-04. This EO, signed by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger on April 20, 2004, designated California's 21 interstate freeways as the "California Hydrogen Highway Network" and directed CalEPA and all other relevant State agencies to: ... plan and build a network of hydrogen fueling stations along these roadways and in urban centers that they connect, so that by 2010, every Californian will have access to hydrogen fuel, with a significant and increasing percentage from clean, renewable sources. The EO also directs the CalEPA, in concert with State Legislature, and in consultation with the State Energy Resources Conservation and Development Commission (commonly called the California Energy Commission [CEC]) and other relevant State and local agencies to develop the California Hydrogen Economy Blueprint Plan "for the rapid transition to a hydrogen economy in California" by January 1, 2005. The Plan is to be updated biannually. Recommendations to the Governor and State Legislature are to include, among others: Promoting environmental benefits (including global climate change) and economic development opportunities resulting from increased utilization of hydrogen for stationary and mobile applications; policy strategies to ensure hydrogen generation results in the lowest possible emissions of GHG and other air pollutants. Executive Order S-3-05. EO S-3-05, signed by Governor Schwarzenegger on June 1, 2005, calls for a reduction in GHG emissions to year 1990 levels by the year 2020, and for an 80 percent reduction in GHG emissions by the year 2050. EO S-3-05 also calls for the CalEPA to prepare biennial science reports on the potential impact of continued global warming on certain sectors of the California economy. The first of these reports, "Scenarios of Climate Change in California: An Overview," was published in February 2006. The report uses a range of emissions scenarios developed by the IPCC to project a series of potential warming ranges (i.e., temperature increases) that may occur in California during the 21st century: lower warming range (3.0-5.5°F); medium warming range (5.5-8.0°F); and higher warming range (8.0-1 0.5°F). The report then presents analysis of future climate in California under each warming range. 16 R:\HWE1601 \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton_ Carlsbad_ GHG _ Report_3-11-2016.docx (3111/2016) I l. l I LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA As shown above, each emissions scenario would result in substantial temperature increases for California. According to the report, substantial temperature increases would result in a variety of impacts to the people, economy, and environment of California associated with a projected increase in extreme conditions. The severity of the impacts would depend upon actual future emissions of GHGs and associated warming. Under the report's emissions scenarios, the impacts of global warming in California are anticipated to include, but are not limited to, public health, biology, rising sea levels, hydrology and water quality, and water supply. Assembly Bi1132-Global Warming Solution Act of2006. The California Global Warming Solutions Act of2006, widely known as Assembly Bill (AB) 32, requires the CARB to develop and enforce regulations for the reporting and verification of statewide GHG emissions. CARB is directed to set a GHG emission limit, based on 1990 levels, to be achieved by 2020. The bill sets a timeline for adopting a scoping plan for achieving GHG reductions in a technologically and economically feasible manner. The heart of the bill is the requirement that statewide GHG emissions must be reduced to 1990 levels by the year 2020. Currently, California needs to reduce GHG emissions by approximately 16 percent below the BAU predictions to achieve this goal. The bill requires the CARB to adopt rules and regulations in an open public process to achieve the maximum technologically feasible and cost- effective GHG reductions. Key AB 32 milestones are as follows: • June 30, 2007: Identification of discrete early action GHG emissions reduction measures. On June 21,2007, CARB satisfied this requirement by approving three early action measures. These were later supplemented with six other discrete early action measures. • January 1, 2008: Identification ofthe 1990 baseline GHG emissions level and approval of a statewide limit equivalent to that level. Adoption of reporting and verification requirements concerning GHG emissions. On December 6, 2007, the CARB approved a statewide limit on GHG emissions levels for the year 2020 consistent with the determined 1990 baseline. • January 1, 2009: Adoption of a scoping plan for achieving GHG emission reductions. On October 15, 2008, the CARB issued a "discussion draft" Scoping Plan entitled "Climate Change Draft Scoping Plan: A Framework for Change" (Draft Scoping Plan). The CARB adopted the Draft Scoping Plan at its December 11, 2008, meeting. • January 1, 2010: Adoption and enforcement of regulations to implement the discrete early action measures. On April2009, CARB adopted low carbon fuel standards. In September 2009, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) adopted energy efficiency programs and CARB adopted the clean vehicle standards. In November 2009, CEC adopted the television energy- efficiency standards. • January 1, 2011: Adoption of GHG emissions limits and reduction measures by regulation. In September 2010, CARB established regional GHG targets under SB 375. • January 1, 2012: GHG emissions limits and reduction measures adopted in 2011 became enforceable. In March 2011, California Legislature passed the 33 percent renewable portfolio standards for both public and investor-owned utilities. In October 2011, CARB adopted the final cap-and-trade regulation. R:\HWE160!\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _ Report_3-ll-2016.docx (3/11/2016) 17 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 As of October 31, 2011, 18 of 30 CARB regulations had been approved, including all nine discrete early actions, as required by AB 32. The current estimate for the necessary GHG emissions reductions to attain the goals of AB 32 (i.e., 1990 levels by 2020) is 174 million metric tons of C02 equivalent (MMT C02e). It is estimated that the nine proposed discrete early actions will provide approximately 16 MMT C02e of GHG reductions while the other early actions will provide approximately 26 MMT C02e of GHG reductions. It also is anticipated that an additional 30 MMT C02e in reductions will be achieved from the passage of anti-idling measures and AB 1493 (described below). The remaining 102 MMT C02e are expected to be achieved through CARB' s Scoping Plan and other emission- reduction efforts by members ofthe Climate Action Team (CAT). Beginning January 1, 2014, and every five years thereafter, the CARB will update its Scoping Plan. Assembly Bill1493-Vehicular Emissions of Greenhouse Gases. In response to the transportation sector accounting for more than half of California's C02 emissions, AB 1493 (Pavley) was enacted on July 22,2002. AB 1493 requires the CARB to set GHG emission standards for passenger vehicles, light-duty trucks, and other vehicles determined to be vehicles whose primary use is noncommercial personal transportation in the state manufactured in year 2009 or later. In setting these standards, the CARB considered cost effectiveness, technological feasibility, and economic impacts. The CARB adopted the standards in September 2004. When fully phased in, the near-term (years 2009 to 2012) standards would result in a reduction of approximately 22 percent in GHG emissions compared to the emissions from the year 2002 fleet; the midterm (years 2013 to 2016) standards would result in a reduction of approximately 30 percent. Some currently used technologies that achieve GHG reductions include small engines with superchargers, continuously variable transmissions, and hybrid electric drives. To set its own GHG emissions limits on motor vehicles, California had to receive a waiver from the EPA. The EPA approved the waiver in June 2009. Assembly Bill 75. AB 75 was passed in 1999 and mandates State agencies to develop and implement an integrated waste management plan to reduce GHG emissions related to solid waste disposal. In addition, the bill mandates that community service districts providing solid waste services report the disposal and diversion information to the appropriate city, county or regional jurisdiction. Since 2004, the bill requires diversion of at least 50 percent of the solid waste from landfills and transformation facilities, and submission to the California Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (formerly known as California Integrated Waste Management Board) of an annual report describing the diversion rates. Senate Bill1368. In 2006, the California Legislature passed SB 1368, which requires the Public Utilities Commission (PUC) to develop and adopt a "GHGs emission performance standard" by February 1, 2007, for the private electric utilities under its regulation. The PUC adopted an interim standard on January 25, 2007, but has formally requested a delay for the local publicly owned electric utilities under its regulation. These standards apply to all long-term financial commitments entered into by electric utilities. The CEC was required to adopt a consistent standard by June 30, 2007. However, this date was missed and the CEC will address the concerns of the Office of Administrative Law (OAL) and resubmit the rule making. The rule making then must be approved by the OAL before it can take effect. As of this writing, CEC has postponed this required rule-making process indefinitely. 18 R:\HWE1601\GHG\Horne2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _ Report_3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) ,---1 L . '---' LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA In the meantime, the PUC and CEC adopted a preferred loading order to meet goals for satisfYing the State's growing demand for electricity while reducing GHG emissions. The preferred loading order places top priority on first increasing energy efficiency and demand response, then providing new generation from renewable and distributed generation resources, and, lastly, providing clean fossil- fueled generation and infrastructure improvements. Senate Bi111505. Largely in response to EO S-7-04, SB 1505 was passed by the Legislature and signed by Governor Schwarzenegger on September 30, 2006. This bill requires the CARB to adopt regulations by July 1, 2008, that ensure that the production and use ofhydrogen for transportation purposes contributes to the reduction of GHG emissions, criteria air pollutants, and toxic air contaminants. Executive Order S-01-07. This EO, signed by Governor Schwarzenegger on January 18, 2007, directs that a statewide goal be established to reduce the carbon intensity of California's transportation fuels by at least 10 percent by the year 2020. It orders that a Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) for transportation fuels be established for California and directs the CARB to determine whether a LCFS can be adopted as a discrete early action measure pursuant to AB 32. The CARB approved the LCFS as a discrete early action item with a regulation adopted and implemented in April2010. On December 29, 2011, District Judge Lawrence O'Neill in the Eastern District of California issued a preliminary injunction blocking the CARB from implementing LCFS for the remainder of the Rocky Mountain Farmers Union litigation. The injunction was lifted in April2012 so that CARB can continue enforcing the LCFS pending CARB's appeal of the Federal district court ruling. Senate Bill 97 -California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA): Greenhouse Gas Emissions. In August 2007, Governor Schwarzenegger signed into law SB 97-CEQA: Greenhouse Gas Emissions, stating: "This bill advances a coordinated policy for reducing GHG emissions by directing the Office of Planning and Research (OPR) and the Resources Agency to develop CEQA guidelines on how state and local agencies should analyze and, when necessary, mitigate GHG emissions." Specifically, SB 97 requires the OPR to prepare, develop, and transmit to the California Natural Resources Agency (CNRA) guidelines for the feasible mitigation of GHG emissions or the effects of GHG emissions, as required by CEQA, including but not limited to, effects associated with transportation or energy consumption. The CNRA certified and adopted the guidelines amendments on December 30, 2009, and transmitted the Adopted Amendments and the entire rule-making file to the OAL on December 31,2009. The amendments were approved by the OAL on February 16,2010, and became effective on March 18,2010. The new CEQA guidelines provide the lead agency with broad discretion in determining what methodology is used in assessing the impacts of GHG emissions in the context of a particular project. With respect to the significance assessment, newly added CEQA Guidelines Section 15064.4, subdivision (b), indicates: A lead agency should consider the following factors, among others, when assessing the significance of impacts from GHG emissions on the environment: R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton_ Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) 19 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA (1) The extent to which the project may increase or reduce GHG emissions as compared to the existing environmental setting; (2) Whether the project emissions exceed a threshold of significance that the lead agency determines applies to the project; and (3) The extent to which the project complies with regulations or requirements adopted to implement a statewide, regional, or local plan for the reduction or mitigation of GHG emissions. Such requirements must be adopted by the relevant public agency through a public review process and must reduce or mitigate the project's incremental contribution of GHG emissions. If there is substantial evidence that the possible effects of a particular project are still cumulatively considerable notwithstanding compliance with the adopted regulations or requirements, an EIR must be prepared for the project. The amendments also provide that lead agencies should consider all feasible means of mitigating GHG emissions that substantially reduce energy consumption. These potential mitigation measures may include carbon sequestration. If off-site or carbon-offset mitigation measures are proposed, they must be part of reasonable plan of mitigation that the agency itself is committed to implementing. No threshold of significance or any specific mitigation measures are indicated. Among other things, CNRA noted in its Public Notice for these changes that impacts of GHG emissions should be considered in the context of a cumulative impact rather than a project impact. The Public Notice states: "While the Proposed Amendments do not foreclose the possibility that a single project may result in greenhouse gas emissions with a direct impact on the environment, the evidence before [CNRA] indicates that in most cases, the impact will be cumulative. Therefore, the Proposed Amendments emphasize that the analysis of greenhouse gas emissions should center on whether a project's incremental contribution of greenhouse gas emissions is cumulatively considerable." Senate Bi11375. SB 375 was signed and passed into law on September 30, 2008. SB 375 enhances the CARB's ability to reach AB 32 goals. Specifically, SB 375 requires the CARB to set regional targets for the purpose of reducing GHG emissions from passenger vehicles for the years 2020 and 2035. If regions develop integrated land use, housing and transportation plans that meet the SB 375 targets, new projects in these regions can be relieved of certain review requirements of CEQA. The targets apply to the regions in the state covered by 18 metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs). Per SB 375, the CARB appointed a Regional Targets Advisory Committee (RTAC) on January 23, 2009, to provide recommendations on factors to be considered and methodologies to be used in the CARB's target-setting process. The RTAC provided its recommendations in a report to the CARBon September 29, 2009. The CARB released its draft targets on June 30,2010, and adopted its final targets on September 23, 2010. The San Diego Association of Governments (SANDA G) developed its first Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) subject to the provisions ofSB 375, which requires that MPOs prepare a Sustainable Communities Strategy (SCS) as part of the RTP. The SCS must demonstrate how development patterns and the transportation network, policies, and programs can work together to achieve the 20 R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG_ Report_3-l!-2016.docx (3/11/2016) ,.---, 1_.1 I_ j I --~' LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA GHG emission reduction targets for cars and light trucks that will be established by the CARB, if there is a feasible way to do so. The SANDAG Board of Directors released the Draft 2050 RTP and its SCS for public review and comment at its April22, 2011, meeting. The release ofthe Draft 2050 RTP began the public comment period through June 30, 2011. The Draft 2050 RTP and its SCS were developed following more than two years of planning, technical development, outreach, and public input. The 2050 RTP was approved by the SANDAG Board of Directors on October 28, 2011. California Energy Commission: New Solar Homes Partnership. The New Solar Homes Partnership is a component of the California Solar Initiative and has a goal to produce 400 megawatts of solar electricity on approximately 160,000 homes by year 2017. To qualify for the program, a new home must achieve energy-efficiency levels greater than the requirements of the year 2005 Building Title 24 Standards. The builder can choose to comply with either of two tiers of energy-efficiency measures: Tier I requires a 15 percent reduction from Title 24 Standards; or Tier II, which requires a 35 percent reduction overall and 40 percent reduction in the building's space cooling (air conditioning) energy compared to Title 24 (CEC 2008). In addition, all appliances must have an Energy Star rating, which indicates that the appliance is consistent with the international standard for energy-efficient consumer products. California Air Resources Board: Interim Significance Thresholds. In October 2008, the CARB released interim guidance on significance thresholds for industrial, commercial, and residential projects (CARB 2008b). The draft proposal for residential and commercial projects states that a project would not be significant if it complies with a previously approved plan that addresses GHG emissions, or meets an energy use performance standard defined as CEC's Tier II Energy Efficiency goal (specified as 35 percent above Title 24 requirements) along with "as yet to be defined" performance standards for water, waste, and transportation or is below an "as yet to be developed" threshold for GHG emissions tons per year. As such, the CARB did not establish a threshold of significance. As of January 22, 2009, the CARB has halted all work efforts on the draft GHG Threshold of Significance under CEQA. California Air Resources Board: Scoping Plan. On December 11, 2008, the CARB adopted the Scoping Plan (CARB 2008a) as directed by AB 32. The Scoping Plan proposes a set of actions designed to reduce overall GHG emissions in California to the levels required by AB 32. The measures in the Scoping Plan approved by the CARB were to be in place by the year 2012, with further implementation details and regulations to be developed, followed by the rule-making process to meet the year 2012 deadline. Measures applicable to development projects include the following: • Maximum energy-efficiency building and appliance standards, including more stringent building codes and appliance-efficiency standards, and solar water heating; • Use of renewable sources for electricity generation, such as photovoltaic solar associated with the Million Solar Roofs program; • Regional transportation targets, including integration of development patterns and the transportation network to reduce vehicle travel, as identified in SB 375; and R:\HWE1601 \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton ~Carlsbad~ GHG ~Report ~3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) 21 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA • Green Building strategy, including siting near transit or mixed-use areas, zero-net-energy buildings, "beyond-code" building-efficiency requirements and the use of the CEC's Tier II Energy Efficiency goal. Relative to transportation, the Scoping Plan includes nine measures or recommended actions. One of these is measure T-3, Regional Transportation-related Greenhouse Gas Targets, which relies on SB 375 implementation to reduce GHG emissions from passenger vehicles through reducing vehicle miles traveled. The other measures are related to vehicle GHGs, fuel, and efficiency measures, and would be implemented statewide rather than on a project-by-project basis. It was expected that the new regulations (Pavley I) would reduce GHG emissions from California passenger vehicles by about 31.7 MMT C02e (or 18 percent) counted toward the total statewide reduction target (CARB 2008). However, the revised 2011 projections estimate that Pavley I will reduce GHG emissions from passenger vehicles by about 29.9 MMT C02e (or 17 percent), for 37 percent of the total 80 MMT C02e reduction target. CARB has adopted a second, more stringent, phase of the Pavley regulations, termed "Pavley II" [now known as "Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) III"], that covers model years 2017 to 2025. Pavley II was estimated in 2008 to add an additional 4.0 MMT C02e for 2 percent of the then-estimated 174 MMT C02e reduction total. The revised 2010 projections estimate that Pavley II will reduce GHG emissions from passenger vehicles by 3.8 MMT C02e, for 5 percent of the total80 MMT C02e reduction target (per CARB's 2010 revised projections). These reductions are to come from improved vehicle technologies such as small engines with superchargers, continuously variable transmissions, and hybrid electric drives. An 18 percent reduction in the intensity of transportation fuels is expected to equate to a reduction of 16.5 MMT C02e in 2020 (based on the original2008 Scoping Plan estimates). However, in order to account for possible overlap of benefits between LCFS and the Pavley GHG standards, CARB has discounted the contribution ofLCFS to 15 MMT C02e (CARB 2008). CARB recently completed a five-year update to the 2008 Scoping Plan, as required by AB 32. The First Update to the Scoping Plan was adopted at the May 22, 2014, board hearing. CARB recalculated the 1990 GHG emission levels with the updated GWPs in the Fourth Assessment Report, and the 427 MMT C02e 1990 emissions level and 2020 GHG emissions limit, established in response to AB 32, is slightly higher, at 431 MMT C02e (CARB 2014). The new Executive Order B-30-15 requires CARB to prepare another update to the Scoping Plan to address the 2030 target for the State. It is anticipated the Scoping Plan will be updated within the next five years to address the new 2030 interim target to achieve a 40 percent reduction below 1990 levels by 2030. 2013 California Green Building Standards Code. The 2013 California Green Building Standards Code, referred to as CALGreen, became effective in July 2014. CALGreen is the statewide mandatory green building code, a first in the nation. California now requires new and renovated buildings to reduce their water consumption, employ building commissioning to increase building system efficiencies, divert construction waste from landfills, and to install low-pollutant-emitting finish materials. CALGreen has approximately 52 mandatory measures and additional measures designed to allow local cities to adopt codes that go beyond the State mandatory provisions. Some key mandatory measures for commercial buildings include specified parking for clean air vehicles, a 22 R:\HWEI601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG_ Report _3-11-2016.docx (3/1112016) L_ __ j LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 20 percent reduction of potable water use within buildings (in compliance with the reduced flow-rate table), a 50 percent construction waste diversion (including demolition materials) from landfills, use of corrosion-resistant material for refrigeration units (including pressure tests for refrigerant linkage reduction), use of building finish materials that emit low volatile organic compounds, and building commissioning. Other voluntary key components include increased reduction in energy usage by 15 percent and increased reduction in potable water use. The CALGreen code includes the critical issue of compliance verification by utilizing the existing building code enforcement infrastructure, and allows local public agencies to incorporate the CALGreen code provisions into their construction field inspections. The mandatory CALGreen measures will be inspected and verified by local building departments. 2.3.5 Local Policies and Regulations: City of Carlslbad City of Carlsbad General Plan. The General Plan includes strategies such as mixed-use development, higher density infill development, integrated transportation and land use planning, promotion of bicycle and pedestrian movements, and transportation demand management. It also includes goals and policies to promote energy efficiency, waste reduction, and resource conservation and recycling. For example, Open Space, Conservation & Recreation Element policy 9-P.1 aims to reduce the City's carbon footprint and to develop and adopt new or amended regulations, programs, and incentives as appropriate to implement the goals and policies set forth related to climate change (City of Carlsbad 2015). The Mobility Element, the Land Use & Community Design Element, the Open Space, Conservation & Recreation Element, and the Sustainability Element also identify GHG reduction and climate change adaptation goals. These elements contain policy language related to sustainable land use patterns, alternative modes of transportation, energy efficiency, water conservation, waste reduction, and greater landfill efficiency. The overall intent of these policies is to support climate protection actions, while retaining flexibility in the design of implementation measures, which could be influenced by new scientific research, technological advances, environmental conditions, or State and Federal legislation. These strategies, goals, and policies would result in GHG reduction compared to baseline trends. City of Carlsbad Climate Action Plan (CAP). In October 2014, the City Council established a task force as an independent advisory body to work with City staff on the development of the 2015 CAP. The CAP has been prepared concurrently with the city's updated General Plan and includes actions to carry out the General Plan's goals and policies, consistent with the Community Vision articulated during Envision Carlsbad. The goal of the 2015 CAP is to provide options for both city operations and the community to reduce (mitigate) greenhouse gas emissions and to begin to evaluate vulnerabilities in the community and outline adaptation strategies. The CAP includes goals, policies, and actions for Carlsbad to reduce GHG emissions and combat climate change and includes: • An inventory of Carlsbad's citywide and local government GHG emissions; • Forecasts of future citywide and local government GHG emissions; • A comprehensive, citywide strategy and actions to manage and reduce GHG emissions, with emission targets through 2035; and R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3·11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) 23 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 • Actions that demonstrate Carlsbad's commitment to achieve State GHG reduction targets by creating enforceable measures, and monitoring and reporting processes to ensure targets are met. The timeframe for the Plan extends from the date of adoption through 2035. The CAP is also designed to streamline environmental review of future development projects in the City in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA).The final CAP was released in September 2015. 2.4 EXISTING GREENHOUSE GAS LEVELS The IPCC constructed several emission trajectories of GHGs needed to stabilize global temperatures and climate change impacts. The IPCC concluded that a stabilization of GHGs at 400 to 450 ppm C02e concentration is required to keep global mean warming below 3.6°F (2° Celsius), which is assumed to be necessary to avoid dangerous climate change (AEP 2007). GHGs have varying GWPs. The GWP is the potential of a gas or aerosol to trap heat in the atmosphere and is defined as the "cumulative radiative forcing effect of a gas over a specified time horizon resulting from the emission of a unit mass of gas relative to a reference gas" (EPA 2006). The reference gas for GWP is COz; therefore, COz has a GWP of 1. The other main GHGs that have been attributed to human activity include CH4, which has a GWP of21, and N20, which has a GWP of 310. Anthropogenic sources of C02 include combustion offossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas, gasoline, and wood), respiration, and increases in the surface areas of bodies of water (such as by creating reservoirs). Data from ice cores indicate that C02 concentrations remained steady prior to the current period for approximately I 0,000 years. Concentrations of C02 have increased in the atmosphere since the Industrial Revolution (i.e., from approximately the year 1750 onward) from approximately 280 ppm to approximately 3 83 ppm in year 2007, an increase of 103 ppm. Data from Mauna Loa Observatory on Hawaii indicate that C02 concentrations in the atmosphere have increased from 315 ppm in 1960 to the present levels (Earth Systems Research Laboratory 2010). The EPA publication, Inventory of US. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2010, provides a comprehensive emissions inventory ofthe nation's primary anthropogenic sources and sinks ofGHG. In 2010, total U.S. greenhouse gas emissions were 6,821.8 Tg or million metric tons C02e. Total U.S. emissions have increased by 10.5 percent from 1990 to 2010, and emissions increased from 2009 to 2010 by 3.2 percent (213.5 Tg C02e). The increase from 2009 to 2010 was primarily due to an increase in economic output resulting in an increase in energy consumption across all sectors, and much warmer summer conditions resulting in an increase in electricity demand for air conditioning that was generated primarily by combusting coal and natural gas. Since 1990, U.S. emissions have increased at an average annual rate of0.5 percent (EPA 2012). The State of California is a substantial contributor of GHG as it is the second largest contributor in the U.S. and the 16th largest in the world. According to the CARB, California generated 484 MMT C02e in 2004. GHG emissions in California are mainly associated with fossil fuel consumption in the transportation sector (38 percent) with the industrial sector as the second-largest source (20 percent). Electricity production, from both in-state and out-of-state sources, agriculture, forestry, commercial, and residential activities comprise the balance of California's GHG emissions. Emissions of GHG 24 R:\HWE1601 IGHG\Horne2SuitesbyHi1ton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3·11-2016.docx (31!1/2016) LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA were offset slightly in 2004 by the sequestration (intake) of carbon within forests, reducing the overall emissions by 4. 7 MMT C02e, resulting in net emissions of about 480 MMT C02 e. According to the CEC (2006), C02 accounts for approximately 84 percent of statewide GHG emissions, with CH4 accounting for approximately 5.7 percent, and N20 accounting for 6.8 percent. Other pollutants account for approximately 2.9 percent of greenhouse gas emissions in California. According to the San Diego County GHG Inventory that was prepared by the University of San Diego School of Law Energy Policy Initiative Center (EPIC) in 2013, San Diego County emitted 32.1 MMT of C02e emissions in 2010. The largest contributor of GHG in San Diego County was the on- road transportation category, which comprised 43 percent (14 MMT C02e) of the total amount. The second highest contributor was the electricity category, which contributed 8 MMT C02e, or 24 percent ofthe total. Together, the on-road transportation and electricity categories comprised 67 percent of the total GHG emissions for the County. The remaining amount was contributed by natural gas consumption, civil aviation, industrial processes, off-road equipment, waste, agriculture, rail, waterborne navigation, and other fuels. By 2020, under the BAU scenario, regional GHG emissions are expected to be 37 MMT ofC02e. The City of Carlsbad prepared an inventory of2011 communitywide GHG emissions, including emissions from government operations. As summarized in the City's CAP, the total community GHG emissions was 705,744 MTC02e in 2011. R:\HWE!601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) 25 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 26 R:\HWE1601 \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _ Report_3-11-2016.docx (311112016) r - r---i LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 3.0 THRESHOLDS OF SIGNIFICANCE 3.1 CEQA GUIDELINES FOR GREENHOUSE GASES To date, there have been no local, regional, State, or Federal regulations establishing a threshold of significance to determine project-specific impacts ofGHG emissions. The CEQA Guidelines allow lead agencies to develop a significance threshold themselves. However, given the small levels of emissions generated by typical development in relationship to the total amount of GHG emissions discussed in Section 2.4 above, emissions from typical development projects would not constitute a significant direct impact. On the other hand, given the magnitude of the impact ofGHG emissions on the global climate, GHG emissions from new development could result in significant cumulative impacts with respect to climate change. According to Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines, the following criteria are considered to establish a significance threshold for global climate change impacts: Would the project: • Generate GHG emissions, either directly or indirectly, that may have a significant impact on the environment; or • Conflict with any applicable plan, policy or regulation of an agency adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions of GHGs. As discussed in Section 15064.4 of the CEQA Regulations, the determination of the significance of GHG emissions calls for a careful judgment by the lead agency consistent with the provisions in Section 15064. A lead agency should make good-faith effort, based to the extent possible on scientific and factual data, to describe, calculate or estimate the amount ofGHG emissions resulting from the project. A lead agency shall have discretion to determine, in the context of a particular project, whether to: (1) Use a model or methodology to quantifY GHG emissions resulting from a project, and which model or methodology to use. The lead agency has discretion to select the model or methodology it considers most appropriate, provided it supports its decision with substantial evidence. The lead agency should explain the limitations of the particular model or methodology selected for use; and/or (2) Rely on a qualitative analysis or performance-based standards. A lead agency should consider the following factors, among others, when assessing the significance of impacts from GHG emissions on the environment: (1) The extent to which the project may increase or reduce GHG emissions, as compared to the existing environmental setting; R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-ll-2016.docx (3/ll/2016) 27 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA (2) Whether the project emissions exceed a threshold of significance that the lead agency determines applies to the project; and (3) The extent to which the project complies with regulations or requirements adopted to implement a statewide, regional or local plan for the reduction or mitigation of GHG emissions. Such requirements must be adopted by the relevant public agency through a public review process, must be adopted by the relevant public agency through a public review process, and must reduce or mitigate the project's incremental contribution of GHG emissions. If there is substantial evidence that the possible effects of a particular project are still cumulatively considerable notwithstanding compliance with the adopted regulations or requirements, an EIR must be prepared for the project. Many lead agencies have set a goal to reduce GHG emissions by a certain amount to demonstrate consistency with AB 32. Different agencies and studies estimate different goals for reduction of emissions to achieve 1990 levels by the year 2020, as set forth in AB 32. Other agencies have estimated a reduction of28 to 29 percent, based on the CARB's analysis that statewide 2020 BAU GHG emissions would be 596 MMT C02e, with 1990 emissions of 427 MMT C02e, for a reduction of30 percent (CARB 2007a). In order to serve as a guide for determining when a project triggers the need for a GHG significance determination, the City has established an interim screening threshold for GHG emission analysis. Based on guidance in the California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA) report "CEQA and Climate Change," dated January 2008, the City is using an annual generation rate of900 metric tons of GHGs to determine when further GHG analysis is required. The CAPCOA report references the 900-metric ton guideline as a conservative threshold for requiring further GHG analysis and mitigation. This emission level is based on the number of vehicle trips, the typical energy and water use, and other factors associated with projects. Table A identifies typical types and sizes of projects that are expected to emit approximately 900 metric tons or more of GHGs. Table A: Projects Requiring GHG Analysis and Mitigation Project Size that Generates Approximately 900 Metric Tons of Project GHGs per Year Single-family Residential 50 units Apartments/Condominiums 70 units General Commercial Office Space 35,000 square feet Retail Space 11,000 square feet Supermarket/Grocery Space 6,300 square feet Note: For proJects that do not fit the categories in this table, a determination on the need for a GHG analysis will be made on a case-by- case basis, based on whether the project could generate a net increase 900 metric tons or more ofGHGs. Based on this guidance from the CEQA Guidelines, City and CAPCOA, the proposed project could result in a significant cumulative climate change impact if it would generate in excess of a screening criterion of a net increase in 900 metric tons of GHG and would not reduce its GHG emissions by at least 15 percent over BA U conditions. 28 R:\HWE 160 I \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-11-20 16.docx (3/11/20 16) ',_j ~-_] _ _j LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA According to the CARB's Scoping Plan update, AB 32's goal of reducing GHGs to year 1990 levels by year 2020 would amount to a 15 percent reduction in emissions below BAU levels, accounting for growth in the State of California. This threshold is designed to allow projects to contribute their fair- share reduction ofGHGs in accordance with the CARB's Scoping Plan Update. The Scoping Plan Update is reasonably calculated to achieve statewide GHG reduction necessary to achieve the AB 32 targets necessary for California to contribute its fair-share reduction in GHG emissions nationwide and worldwide. It would not be equitable for the project to contribute more than this qualitative fair share just as it would not be equitable for California to contribute more than its fair-share reduction in GHG emissions than other states or countries to stabilize global warming. Therefore, to reduce potential impacts to below a level of significance, proposed projects must achieve a 15 percent reduction from the year 2020 GHG emissions level. R:\HWE1601 \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _ Report_3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) 29 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 30 R:\HWEI601 \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG_ Report_3-li-2016.docx (3/11/2016) LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 4.0 IMPACTS 4.1 ANALYSIS LIMITATIONS As discussed earlier, global climate change could lead to various changes in weather and rainfall patterns over time; changes that could affect California through loss in snow pack, sea level rise, more extreme heat days per year, more high ozone days, more large forest fires, and more drought years (CARB 2007a). Several recent studies have attempted to explore the possible negative consequences that climate change, if left unchecked, could have in California. These reports acknowledge that climate scientists' understanding of the complex global climate system and the interplay of the various internal and external factors that affect climate change, remain too limited to yield scientifically valid conclusions on such a localized scale. Substantial work has been done at the international and national levels to evaluate climatic impacts, but far less information is available on regional and local impacts. In addition, projecting regional impacts of climate change and variability relies on large-scale scenarios of changing climate parameters, using information that is typically at too coarse a scale to make accurate regional assessments (Kiparsky and Gleick 2003). Modeling of climate change consistently predicts increasing temperatures; however, the ways in which increasing temperatures will affect precipitation is not fully understood. Studies have found that "considerable uncertainty about precise impacts of climate change on California hydrology and water resources will remain until we have more precise and consistent information about how precipitation patterns, timing, and intensity will change" (Kiparsky and Gleick 2003). Even assuming that climate change leads to long-term increases in precipitation, analysis of the impact of climate change is further complicated by the fact that no studies have identified or quantified the runoff impacts that such an increase in precipitation would have in particular watersheds (Kiparsky and Gleick 2003). In addition, little is known about how groundwater recharge and water quality would be affected. Higher rainfall could lead to greater groundwater recharge, although reductions in spring runoff and higher evapotranspiration could reduce the amount of water available for recharge. The California Department of Water Resources and the CEC have also noted the uncertain effect of climate change on water supply. In light of the lack of accurate scientific information, analyzing the potential impacts a project would have on the regional or local environment is inherently complicated and the conclusions that can be drawn are limited. Ultimately, determining whether or not the proposed project's contribution ofGHGs creates a significant direct impact requires a knowledge of incremental effects that is not currently available. 4.2 METHODOLOGY The proposed project could result in GHG emissions resulting from both construction and operational phases of the project. Construction impacts are considered short-term, while operational impacts include long-term emissions associated with the energy consumption of the project. R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHi1ton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) 31 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 The methodology used to assess GHG emission impacts is based on the following equation. This equation provides the basic calculation required to determine C02e emissions from the total mass of a given GHG using the GWPs published by the IPCC: Metric Tons ofGHG x GWP =Metric Tons ofC02e emissions This method was used to evaluate GHG emissions during construction and operation of the proposed project. For this analysis, only C02, CH4, and N20 are considered due to the relatively large contribution of these gases in comparison to other GHGs produced during project construction and operation phases. The GHG emission estimates were calculated using CalEEMod. CalEEMod, which stands for "California Emission Estimator Model," is an air quality modeling program that estimates air pollution emissions for various land uses, area sources, construction projects, and project operations. CalEEMod can be used to estimate emissions associated with land development projects in California, such as residential neighborhoods, hotels, shopping centers, and office buildings; area sources, such as gas appliances, wood stoves, fireplaces, and landscape maintenance equipment; and construction projects. The quantification of GHG emissions associated with a project can be complex and relies on a number of assumptions. GHG emissions are global in that emissions from one location could affect the entire planet and are not limited to local impacts. 4.2.1 Project Greenhouse Gas Emission Sources GHG emissions are classified as either direct or indirect. Direct emissions are associated with the production of GHGs at a project site. Direct emissions for the proposed project include the combustion of fuel in construction vehicles, fugitive refrigerant emissions from leaky valves and connections, and operational emissions from the combustion of natural gas. Indirect emissions include the emissions from off-site vehicles (both gasoline-and diesel-fueled) delivering materials and equipment to a project site, hotel workers and guests, the use of water and electricity, and the collection and disposal of solid waste. 4.3 PROPOSED PROJECT EMISSIONS 4.3.1 Construction Greenhouse Gas Emissions Construction emissions were estimated using CalEEMod and construction equipment estimates based on default values in the model. Emission estimates were prepared for the construction activities to evaluate the maximum annual emissions. Emission estimates were based on emission factors, equipment ratings, and load factors from the CARB's OFFROAD Model. It is mandatory for all construction equipment to comply with CARB emission standards for implementing best management practices (BMPs) to minimize impacts: • Control Measure 1: All construction equipment operating on the project site should meet EPA-Certified Tier 2 off-road emissions standards at minimum. In addition, all 3 2 R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG_ Report _3-l!-2016.docx (3/1112016) I -~ , ', __ j LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA construction equipment shall be outfitted with BACT devices certified by CARB. Any emissions control device used by the contractor shall achieve emissions reductions that are no less than what could be achieved by a Level 2 diesel emissions control strategy for a similarly sized engine as defined by CARB regulations. The project would emit GHGs during its construction phase from combustion of fossil fuels in construction equipment, worker vehicles, delivery vehicles, and haul trucks accessing the project site. Other construction emissions were estimated using CalEEMod, with inputs based on information provided by the project applicant. Table B presents a summary of the GHG emissions resulting from construction activities. This estimate uses default construction equipment and construction vehicle trip length assumptions built into CalEEMod. In addition, the CARB off-road equipment standards identified in Control Measure 1 would be implemented during construction. This control measure can be accounted for within the CalEEMod model as mitigation measures. Some of the measures are available in CalEEMod to analyze the emission reductions, and the output files are labeled as mitigated construction emissions. Appendix B contains the CalEEMod output file for the proposed project construction and provides a detailed breakdown of the calculations. Refer to Table B for the proposed project's estimated construction emissions. Table B: Proposed Project's Estimated Construction Emissions Source Emissions (Metric Tons C02e) Site Preparation 9.46 Grading 11.55 Building Construction 400.59 Paving 16.67 Architectural Coating 3.17 TOTAL1 441.44 Amortized Construction Emissions 14.71 The total presented is the sum of the unrounded values. For construction emissions, the interim City guidance recommends that the emissions be amortized over 30 years and added to operational emissions, as appropriate. Amortized over 30 years, construction equipment would contribute 14.71 metric tons per year of C02 emissions to the project's total. These emissions are added to the expected annual operational GHG emissions in Section 4.3.2, below, and then compared to the 900 metric ton per year significance threshold. 4.3.2 Operational Greenhouse Gas Emissions Operational emissions come from various sources and are classified as either direct or indirect. With respect to the proposed project's operational phase, direct GHG emissions would be associated with motor vehicle tailpipe emissions, natural gas combustion, as well as minor emissions of fugitive refrigerants from the hotel building air conditioning equipment and ice machines. Indirect emissions would be associated with off-site electrical generation, solid waste generation and transport, and the conveyance of water for various uses. Appendix B contains the CalEEMod output file for the proposed project operation and provides a detailed breakdown of the calculations. Appendix C provides the detailed fugitive refrigerant emission calculations. R:IHWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHi1ton_ Carlsbad_ GHG _ Report_3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) 33 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 Direct On-site Operational Emissions. The project's direct emissions would be generated from on- site natural gas combustion, emissions of fugitive refrigerants from the building air conditioning equipment and ice machines, and vehicle tailpipe emissions. The combustion of natural gas releases GHGs into the atmosphere; emissions of GHGs from natural gas combustion were determined by the CalEEMod program. The vehicle trips associated with project operations would include hotel guests and workers. Trip generation rates used in this report are from the CalEEMod program and are based on the number of proposed hotel rooms. Emissions associated with refrigerant leaks would arise from the gradual and unavoidable leakage of air conditioner refrigerants into the atmosphere. It is conservatively assumed that there would be 142 heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HV A C) units in operation at the proposed hotel (both mounted on the rooftop of the on-site building and through-the-wall units attached to individual hotel rooms). The specific types of units are unknown, so a conservative, high-end assumption is used in this report. Appendix C details the refrigerant emissions from a model 38HDR060 HV AC unit by Carrier; these emissions were estimated using the suggested methodology from Local Government Operations Protocol for the Quantification and Reporting a/Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories (CARB 2010). This system uses the refrigerant "Puron," also known as R-410A. The expected annual emission from refrigerant leaks would be approximately 0.0504 (or 5.04 x 10·2) metric tons C02e per year per unit, a negligible amount. Therefore, 142 units would emit 7.16 metric tons of C02e per year. Table C summarizes the proposed project's annual direct operational emissions. Table C: Proposed Project's Annual Direct On-Site Operational Emissions Sources Annual Emissions(Metric Tons C02e) Natural Gas Combustion 547.64 Fugitive Refrigerants 7.16 Vehicle Tailpipe Emissions 777.37 TOTAL 1,332.17 Indirect Operational Emissions. The project's indirect emissions would be generated from electricity generated off site and consumed on site, energy, embodied in water, consumed on site, and from solid waste generation and transport. Emissions associated with energy use would arise from the combustion of fossil fuels to provide energy for the proposed uses. The process of delivering potable water to local consumers requires large amounts of energy associated with five stages: (1) source and conveyance, (2) treatment, (3) distribution, (4) end use, and (5) wastewater treatment. Emissions of GHGs from the on-site facilities were based on default electricity and water consumption rates and emission factors specific to San Diego Gas & Electric from the CalEEMod program. Table D summarizes the proposed project's annual indirect operational emissions. Table D: Proposed Project's Annual Indirect Operational Emissions Sources Annual Emissions(Metric Tons C02e) Electrical Energy Consumption 802.01 Water Consumption 21.31 Solid Waste Generation and Transport 35.37 TOTAL 858.69 34 R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA Total Operational Emissions. Table E summarizes the proposed project's total operational emissions with the combined direct and indirect operational emissions. Table E: Proposed Project's Annual Operational Emissions Sources Annual Emissions(Metric Tons C02e) Direct Emissions 1,332.17 Indirect Emissions 858.69 TOTAL 2,190.86 4.3.3 Total Annual Greenhouse Gas Emissions The total amortized construction C02e emissions are conservatively estimated to generate 14.71 metric tons per year and the annual operational C02e emissions are conservatively estimated to be no more than 2,190.86 metric tons per year. Table F presents the sum of the total annual GHG emissions of approximately 2,205.57 metric tons of C02e per year. Table F: Proposed Project's Total Annual Emissions Sources Annual Emissions(Metric Tons C02) Operational Emissions 2,190.86 Amortized Construction Emissions 14.71 TOTAL 2,205.57 Project Design Measures. As shown below, a wide range of current regulatory codes, project design features, and GHG reduction measures would be incorporated into the proposed project, ranging from water use efficiency to building energy efficiency to solid waste diversion. In accordance with the state's recently adopted Green Building Standards Code, the proposed project would incorporate design features intended to reduce estimated GHG emissions generated by the hotel development. Proposed design features would result in GHG emissions reductions of approximately 361.17 metric tons per year. The currently available assumptions for the project design features were obtained from CAPCOA's QuantifYing Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Measures, (CAPCOA 201 0). The following project design features were selected under the mitigation measure menu in the CalEEMod model. • Building Energy Use. The project would incorporate energy-efficiency features that would exceed 2008 California Title 24 Energy Efficiency Standards by 15 percent. Pursuant to Measure BE-l in the 2010 CAPCOA report, GHGs are emitted as a result of activities in hotel rooms when electricity and natural gas are used as energy sources. New buildings must be designed to meet the 2010 CALGreen standards. CALGreen took effect in January 1, 2011, and was updated in 2013, along with the rest of the 2008 California Building Energy Code, Title 24, which was adopted in August 2009. Part 6 of Title 24 regulates energy uses, including space heating and cooling, hot water heating, and ventilation. With the implementation of CAL Green requirements, a project reduces its energy use and resulting GHG emissions. A 15 percent goal to exceed Title R:\HWE1601 \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _J.JI-2016.docx (3/11/2016) 35 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 24 standards would result in a greater than 15 percent reduction and an annual reduction in GHG emissions by 325.03 metric tons C02e. • Water Use. Water use indirectly contributes to the generation ofGHG emissions from the production of the electricity that is used to pump, treat, and distribute water. Pursuant to Measure WUW -1 in the 2010 CAPCOA report, the installation of low-flow or high-efficiency water fixtures in buildings reduces water demand, energy demand, and associated indirect GHG emissions. The project would implement water conservation features to increase water-use efficiency and decrease water-use demand. Also, the City has a Water Efficiency Ordinance that requires less water use, thus resulting in less energy used to transport and consume water. The implementation of these water conservation features would result in a greater than 20 percent reduction from BAU (sector specific) and an annual reduction in GHG emissions by 6.75 metric tons COze. • Solid Waste Generation. The transport of solid waste from the site of generation to the landfill produces GHG emissions from the combustion of the fuel used to power the transport vehicle. The City's Municipal Code contains the requirements for recycling of construction waste. There is an existing construction and demolition processing and recycling center at the City of San Diego's Miramar Landfill site. As identified in Measure SW-1 in the 2010 CAPCOA report, implementation of waste management practices that reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills would reduce GHG emissions. Measure SW-2 in the 2010 CAPCOA report addresses recycling of construction materials. Recycling construction materials, which avoids sending construction waste to landfills, can contribute to GHG reductions. Wood-based materials decompose at landfills and contribute to methane emissions. Additionally, using local recycled construction materials reduces the emissions associated with transport of new construction materials that are typically manufactured farther away from the project site. The project would provide areas for recyclable materials collection, would recycle and/or salvage 50 percent of nonhazardous construction waste, and would use building products that have at least 10 percent recyclable content. The implementation of waste management practices would result in a 50 percent reduction from BAU (sector specific) and an annual reduction in GHG emissions by 17.69 metric tons COze. 4.4 GREENHOUSE GAS NET EMISSIONS As previously noted, the existing project's GHG emissions and project design measures are subtracted (netted out) from the proposed project-related GHG emissions. Table G presents the total net GHG emissions associated with the existing land uses and the proposed project. Table G: Net GHG Emissions Determination Scenario Annual Emissions(Metric Tons C02) Proposed Project 2,205.57 Project Design Features -349.47 Net GHG Emission Reductions 1,856.10 Net Percent Reduction 16% Is the net GHG emissions greater than 15 percent reductions? Yes 36 R:\HWEI601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG_ Report _3-1!-2016.docx (3/11!2016) LSA ASSOCIATES. INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD. CALIFORNIA As shown in Table G, the proposed project would reduce GHG emissions by at least 15 percent, resulting in a less than significant impact. Would the proposed project conflict with any applicable plan, policy, or regulation of an agency adopted for the purpose of reducing the emissions ofGHG? The regulatory plans and policies discussed in Section 2.3 above aim to reduce Federal, State, and local GHG emissions by primarily targeting the largest emitters of GHGs: transportation and energy sectors. Plan goals and regulatory standards are thus largely focused on the automobile industry and public utilities. For the transportation sector, the reduction strategy is generally three pronged: To reduce GHG emissions from vehicles by improving engine design; to reduce the carbon content of transportation fuels through research, funding, and incentives to fuel suppliers; and to reduce the miles these vehicles travel through land use change and infrastructure investments. For the energy sector, the reduction strategies aim to reduce energy demand; impose emission caps on energy providers; establish minimum building energy and green building standards; transition to renewable non-fossil fuels; incentivize homeowners and builders; fully recover landfill gas for energy; expand research and development; and so forth. As discussed above, the project would not result in an increase in traffic on area roadways. Sustainable design that would be incorporated into the project to reduce its overall demand for energy includes installation of energy-and water-efficient systems. By implementing these project design features and by complying with the sustainability program, the project would be consistent with many of the General Plan goals and policies, including the following three policies: 9-P.1 Enforce the Climate Action Plan as the City's strategy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 9-P.9 Adopt a construction and demolition waste recycling ordinance that requires, except in unusual circumstances, all construction, demolition and renovation projects meeting a certain size or dollar value, to divert from landfills 100 percent of all Portland cement concrete and asphalt concrete and an average of at least 50 percent of all remaining non-hazardous debris from construction, demolition, and renovation projects. 9-P.l3 Use the City's Climate Action Plan as the platform for delineating and implementing measures to improve energy conservation, and increase renewable energy use (such as solar) in existing and new development. In addition to the GHG emissions reduction measures contained in the City's CAP, the following list of mitigation measures was applied to the proposed project to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These measures, and other measures listed in Appendix A, are intended for the proposed project to meet the performance standard of reducing greenhouse gas emissions to the level required by Federal, State, and local law, including the emission reduction targets established in the City's CAP. Sources for the project design features were obtained from the CAPCOA's CEQA and Climate Change, Evaluating and Addressing Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Projects Subject to the California Environmental Quality Act (January 2008). The project proposes sustainability and efficiency features consistent with the CALGreen Building Code and City's CAP, which would reduce the operational GHG emissions associated with the proposed project. These design features would be included as building permit conditions and verified prior to the issuance of final certificate of occupancy. These include, but are not limited to, the following: R:\HWE1601 IGHG\Home2SuitesbyHi1ton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-ll-2016.docx (3/11/2016) 37 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA • Renewable Energy: o Provide solar-ready roof including sturdy roof and electrical hookups for potential future solar panel installations. o Include in new buildings facilities to support the use of low/zero-carbon fueled vehicles, such as the charging of electric vehicles from green electricity sources. • Green Building: o Meet recognized green building and energy efficiency benchmarks such as LEED and Energy Star. • Energy Efficiency o Exceed Carlsbad Green Building Code (Title 24) mandatory efficiency requirements by 15 percent or more. o Install light-colored "cool" roofs (e.g., Energy Star roofing) or other highly reflective, highly emissive roofing materials. o Install energy-efficient lighting (e.g., light emitting diodes [LEDs])), heating and cooling systems, appliances, equipment, and control systems. (e.g., Energy Star). o Install energy-reducing programmable thermostats that automatically adjust temperature settings. • Water Conservation: o Install water-efficient fixtures and appliances such as low-flow fixtures, low-flow flush toilets, and other water-efficient appliances. o Install water-efficient irrigation systems and devices, such as soil moisture-based irrigation controls and use water-efficient irrigation methods. o Incorporate recycled/reclaimed water for landscape irrigation and other non-potable water use needs. • Landscaping: o Install native and drought-tolerant plant materials into landscapes. • Solid Waste Measures: o Reuse and recycle construction and demolition waste (including, but not limited to, soil, vegetation, concrete, lumber, metal, and cardboard). o Provide interior and exterior storage areas for recyclables and green waste and adequate recycling containers located in public areas. o Provide education and publicity about reducing waste and available recycling services. With the implementation of the above measures, the project would be consistent with the goals and strategies of local and State plans, policies, and regulations aimed at reducing GHG emissions from land use and development. Therefore, impacts would be less than significant. 38 R:IHWE 160 l\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-11-2016.docx (3/11/20 16) r---; ! __ ! LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 5.0 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA MITIGATION Given this result of a less-than-significant impact, no mitigation measures would be required. R:\HWE 1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHi1ton_ Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) 39 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 40 R:\HWE1601\GHG\Horne2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-l!-2016.docx (3/1112016) ~-/ LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 6.0 REFERENCES American Petroleum Institute (API). 2004. Compendium of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Estimation Methodologies for the Oil and Natural Gas Industry. February. Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP). 2007. Recommendations by the Association of Environmental Professionals (AEP) on How to Analyze Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Global Climate Change in CEQA Documents. June. California Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA). California Emissions Estimator Model (CalEEMod). Version 2013.2.2. Prepared by: ENVIRON International Corporation and the California Air Districts. 2008. CEQA and Climate Change. January. Available at: http://www.capcoa.org. California Air Resources Board (CARB). 2014. California Greenhouse Gas Inventory for 2000-2009: By Category as Defined by the Scoping Plan, March 24. 2010. Local Government Operations Protocol for the Quantification and Reporting of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories, Version 1.1. May. Pages 59-63. 2008a. AB 32 Climate Change Scoping Plan Document. December. Available at: http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/document/scopingplandocument.htm. 2008b. Preliminary Draft Staff Proposal: Recommended Approaches for Setting Interim Significance Thresholds for Greenhouse Gases under the California Environmental Quality Act. October 24. Available at: http://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/localgov/ceqa/ ceqa.htm. 2007a. Staff Report: California 1990 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Level and 2020 Emissions Limit. November 16. 2007b. Expanded List of Early Action Measures to Reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions in California Recommended for Board Consideration. October. California Energy Commission (CEC). 2008. New Solar Homes Partnership Guidebook Revised Second Edition, August. 2006. Inventory a/California Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990 to 2004. December. R:\HWE1601 \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _ Report_3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) 41 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA). 2006. Executive Summary, Climate Action Team Report to Governor Schwarzenegger and the California Legislature. Sacramento, CA. March. City of Carlsbad. 2015. Climate Action Plan. Carlsbad, CA. September. 2015. General Plan. Open Space, Conservation, Recreation, and Sustainability Elements. Issue Related to Climate Change Addressed in the General Plan. September. Earth Systems Research Laboratory. 2010. Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide-Mauna Loa Observatory. Global Monitoring Division. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. Available at: http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/ccgg/trends. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2007. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Summary for Policy Makers (Working Group Fourth Assessment Report). February. Available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/SPM2feb07.pdf. Kiparsky, M. and P.H. Gleick. 2003. Climate Change and California Water Resources: A Survey and Summary of the Literature. Oakland, CA. Pacific Institute for Studies in Development. July. San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). 2010. Climate Action Strategy. Preliminary Draft dated February I. Available at: http://www.sandag.org/uploads/publicationid/ publicationid_1481_10940.pdf. South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD). 2011. California Emission Estimator Model (CalEEMod). Created by ENVIRON Corporation for SCAQMD and other air districts in California. February 2011. United Nations Environment Program (UNEP). 2007. Report of the Governing Council. Current updates on the World Plan of Action on the Ozone Layer. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 2006. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data, Predefined Queries, Annex I Parties-GHG total without LULUCF (land- use, land-use change and forestry). Available at: http://unfccc.int/ghg_emissions_datal predefined_ queries/items/3 841. php. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). 2012. The US. Inventory of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2010. April. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/climatechange/ ghgemissions/usinventoryreport/archive.html. University of San Diego School ofLaw Energy Policy Initiative Center. Anders, S., D. DeHaan, N. 42 Silva-Send, D. DeHaan, and S. Tanaka. 2013. San Diego County Updated Greenhouse Gas Inventory: An Inventory of Regional Emissions and Strategies to Achieve AB32 Targets Revised and Updated to 2010. March. R:\HWE1601 \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG_ Report _3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) r --·, I --~ ! -', LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA APPENDIX A GHG REDUCTION MEASURES R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-ll-2016.docx (3/11/2016) GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 R:\HWE1601 \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG_ Report _3-11-20 16.docx (3/11/2016) ,- Screening Table A-1 for Implementation ofGHG Reduction Measures for Hotel Development Assigned Check Feature Description Point box Value Building Envelope 2008 baseline (walls R-13; roof/attic R-30) 0 points Modestly Enhanced Insulation (walls R-13, roof/attic 15 points R-38)) Insulation Enhanced Insulation (rigid wall insulation R-13, 18 points X roof/attic R-38) Greatly Enhanced Insulation (spray foam insulated 20 points walls R-15 or higher, roof/attic R-38 or higher) 2008 Baseline Windows (0.57 U-factor, 0.4 solar heat 0 points gain coefficient [SHGC}) Modestly Enhanced Window Insulation (0.4 U-factor, 7 points X 0.32 SHGC) Windows Enhanced Window Insulation (0.32 U-factor, 0.25 SHGC) 8 points Greatly Enhanced Window Insulation (0.28 or less U-12 points factor, 0.22 or less SHGC) Modest Cool Roof(CRRC Rated 0.15 aged solar 12 points reflectance, 0.75 thermal emittance) Cool Roof Enhanced Cool Roof (CRRC Rated 0.2 aged solar 14 points X reflectance, 0.75 thermal emittance) Greatly Enhanced Cool Roof ( CRRC Rated 0.35 aged 16 points solar reflectance, 0.75 thermal emittance) Minimizing leaks in the building envelope is as important as the insulation properties of the building. Insulation does not work effectively if there is excess air leakage. Air Infiltration Air barrier applied to exterior walls, calking, and visual inspection such as the HERS Verified Quality 12 points Insulation Installation (QII or equivalent) Blower Door HERS Verified Envelope Leakage or 10 points equivalent Thermal storage is a design characteristic that helps keep a constant temperature in the building. Common thermal storage devices include strategically placed water filled columns, water storage tanks, and thick masonry walls. Modest Thermal Mass (10% of floor or 10% of walls 12" or more thick exposed concrete or masonry with 4 points Thermal Storage of no permanently installed floor covering such as carpet, linoleum, wood or other insulating materials) Building Enhanced Thermal Mass (20% of floor or 20% of walls 12" or more thick exposed concrete or masonry 6 points with no permanently installed floor covering such as carpet, linoleum, wood or other insulating materials) _j Enhanced Thermal Mass (80% of floor or 80% of walls 12" or more thick exposed concrete or masonry 24 points with no permanently installed floor covering such as carpet, linoleum, wood or other insulating materials) Screening Table A-2 for Implementation of GHG Reduction Measures for Hotel Development . Assigned Check Feature Description Point box Value Indoor Space Efficiencies Minimum Duct Insulation (R-4.2 required) 0 points Heating/ Cooling Modest Duct insulation (R-6) 15 points X Enhanced Duct Insulation(R-8) 18 points Distribution System Distribution loss reduction with inspection 20 points (HERS Verified Duct Leakage or equivalent) 2008 Minimum HV AC Efficiency (EER 13/60% 0 points AFUE or 7.7 HSPF) Improved Efficiency HV AC (EER 14/65% AFUE 7 points Space Heating/ or 8 HSPF) Cooling Equipment High Efficiency HV AC (EER 15/72% AFUE or 8 points X 8.5 HSPF) Very High Efficiency HVAC (EER 16/80% 12 points AFUE or 9 HSPF) 2008 Minimum Efficiency (0.57 Energy Factor) 0 points Improved Efficiency Water Heater (0.675 Energy 14 points Factor) High Efficiency Water Heater (0.72 Energy 16 points X Factor) Water Heaters Very High Efficiency Water Heater (0.92 Energy Factor) 19 points Solar Pre-heat System (0.2 Net Solar Fraction) 4 points Enhanced Solar Pre-heat System (0.35 Net Solar 8 points Fraction) 2008 Minimum (required) 0 points Efficient Lights (25% of in-unit fixtures considered high efficacy. High efficacy is defined as 40 lumens/watt for 15 watt or less fixtures; 50 9 points Artificial Lighting lumens/watt for 15-40 watt fixtures, 60 lumens/watt for fixtures >40watt) High Efficiency Lights (50% of in-unit fixtures 12 points X are high efficacy) Very High Efficiency Lights ( 100% of in-unit 14 points fixtures are high efficacy) Star Commercial Refrigerator (new) 4 points X Appliances Energy Star Commercial Dish Washer (new) 4 points X Energy Star Commercial Cloths Washing 4 points X 2 Screening Table A-3 for Implementation of GHG Reduction Measures for Hotel Development Assigned Check Feature Description Point box Value Water Conservation Water Efficient Eliminate conventional turf from landscaping 0 points Landscaping Only moderate water using plants 3 points X Only low water using plants 4 points Only California Native landscape that requires no 8 points or only supplemental irrigation Water Efficient Low precipitation spray heads< .75"/hr or drip 1 point X irrigation systems irrigation Weather based irrigation control systems combined with drip irrigation (demonstrate 20 5 points X reduced water use) Recycled Water Recycled water connection (purple pipe )to 5 points X irrigation system on site Potable Water Showers Water Efficient Showerheads (2.0 gpm) 3 points X Toilets Water Efficient Toilets/Urinals (1.5gpm) 3 points X Waterless Urinals (note that commercial buildings having both waterless urinals and high 4 points efficiency toilets will have a combined point value of6 points) Faucets Water Efficient faucets (1.28gpm) 3 points X Commercial Water Efficient dishwashers (20% water savings) 4 points X Dishwashers Commercial Laundry Water Efficient laundry (15% water savings) 3 points X Washers High Efficiency laundry Equipment that captures 6 points and reuses rinse water (30% water savings) Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Electric Vehicles Provide public charging station for use by an electric vehicle (ten points for each charging 10 points X station within the facility). 3 ,- Screening Table A-4 for Implementation of GHG Reduction Measures for Hotel Development Assigned Check Feature Description Point box Value Renewable Energy Solar Photovoltaic panels installed on commercial buildings or in collective arrangements within a commercial development such that the total power provided augments: Solar Ready Roofs (sturdy roof and electric 2 points X hookups) 10 percent of the power needs of the project 8 points Photo voltaic 20 percent of the power needs of the project 14 points 30 percent of the power needs of the project 20 points 40 percent of the power needs of the project 26 points 50 percent of the power needs of the project 32 points 60 percent of the power needs of the project 38 points 70 percent of the power needs of the project 44 points 80 percent of the power needs of the project 50 points 90 percent of the power needs of the project 56 points 100 percent of the power needs of the project 60 points \ __ L _ __, r- I ' 4 L-' LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA APPENDIXB PROPOSED PROJECT CALEEMOD EMISSIONS OUTPUT FILE R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _Report _3-ll-2016.docx (3/11/2016) GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 R:\HWE!60! \GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG_ Report_3-1!-2016.docx (3/11/2016) i __ CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 1.0 Project Characteristics 1.1 Land Usage 1.2 Other Project Characteristics Urbanization Climate Zone Utility Company C02 Intensity (lb/MWhr) Urban 13 San Diego Gas & Electric 720.49 Wind Speed (m/s) CH4 Intensity (lb/MWhr) 1.3 User Entered Comments & Non-Default Data Project Characteristics - Land Use-Total site area is 167,629 s.f. (3.848 acres). Construction Phase - Grading -Total area to be disturbed is 2.58 acres. Page 1 of 30 Home2 By Hilton Carlsbad San Diego County, Annual 2.6 0.029 Precipitation Freq (Days) Operational Year N20 Intensity (lb/MWhr) 40 2018 0.006 ' l_ __ Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM Vehicle Trips-According to the traffic report prepared by Darnell & Associates, Inc., the business hotel will generate 994 average daily trips (7 trips per room). Construction Off-road Equipment Mitigation -All construction equipment will have EPA Tier 2 engine compliance. Area Mitigation- Energy Mitigation -Buidling energy will exceed 2008 Title 24 code. All applicance will have EPA Energy Star certification. CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 2 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM tbiConstEquipMitigation : NumberOfEquipmentMitigated : 0.00 : 2.00 -----------------------------4-----------------------------+-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : NumberOfEquipmentMitigated : 0.00 1 1.00 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : NumberOfEquipmentMitigated : 0.00 1 3.00 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : NumberOfEquipmentMitigated : 0.00 1 1.00 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : NumberOfEquipmentMitigated : 0.00 1 1.00 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : NumberOfEquipmentMitigated : 0.00 1 2.00 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : NumberOfEquipmentMitigated : 0.00 1 4.00 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : NumberOfEquipmentMitigated : 0.00 1 11.00 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : NumberOfEquipmentMitigated : 0.00 1 1.00 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : NumberOfEquipmentMitigated : 0.00 1 1.00 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : NumberOfEquipmentMitigated : 0.00 1 2.00 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : NumberOfEquipmentMitigated : 0.00 1 1.00 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : Tier : No Change 1 Tier 2 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : Tier : No Change 1 Tier 2 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : Tier : No Change 1 Tier 2 -----------------------------~----------------------------~~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : Tier : No Change 1 Tier 2 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : Tier : No Change 1 Tier 2 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : Tier : No Change 1 Tier 2 -----------------------------~----------------~------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : Tier : No Change 1 Tier 2 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : Tier : No Change 1 Tier 2 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------i--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : Tier : No Change 1 Tier 2 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : Tier : No Change 1 Tier 2 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : Tier : No Change 1 Tier 2 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiConstEquipMitigation : Tier : No Change 1 Tier 2 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiGrading : AcresOfGrading : 4.00 1 2.58 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiLandUse : LandUseSquareFeet : 206,184.00 1 167,629.00 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------t--------------------------tbiLandUse : LotAcreage : 4. 73 1 3.85 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------~--------------------------tbiProjectCharacteristics : OperationaiYear • 2014 • 2018 r '~ CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 3 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM tbiVehicleTrips ST_TR 8.19 7.00 -----------------------------+ -----------------------------+ ------------------------------j-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -tbiVehicleTrips : su_ TR : 5.95 I 7.00 -----------------------------~-----------------------------~-----------------------------4--------------------------tbiVehicleTrips : WD_ TR : 8.17 ; 7.00 2.0 Emissions Summary CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 4 of30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 2.1 Overall Construction Unmitigated Construction 2017 •• 1 • 1 1 • 1 1 • 1 I 0.0000 • 435.6406 • 435.6406 • 0.0818 • 0.0000 • 437.3582 •1 I I I I I I I I I j 1 1 I 1 1 •• I I I I I I I I I j 1 I I I 1 •1 I I I I I I I I I j 1 I I I 1 --.......... -.... -··-------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------"T"-------"* .......... --·-------... -------... -------... -------................ .. 2018 " I I I I I I I I I I 0.0000 ' 4.0752 I 4.0752 I 5.2000e-I 0.0000 I 4.0861 I I I I I I I I I 004 I I I I I I t 1 I I Total 0.0000 439.7158 I 439.7158 0.0823 0.0000 441.4443 Mitigated Construction 2017 °1 I I I 1 I I I I I I 0.0000 I 435.6402 I 435.6402 I 0.0818 I •1 I I I I I I I I I j I I I I •1 I I I I I I I I I j I I I I I •1 I I I I I I I I I j 1 1 I I 1 ...................... 111--------.-------... -------... -------... -------... -------.,-------... -------... -------T--------t ............ ··-------.,-------... -------... --------r ............ .. 2018 °1 I I I I I I I I I I 0.0000 I 4.0752 I 4.0752 I 5.2000e-I 0.0000 I 4.0861 : : : : I I : : 004 I Total 0.0000 439.7154 I 439.7154 0.0823 0.0000 441.4439 ! -l l l L. I .~ L CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 5 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 2.2 Overall Operational Unmitigated Operational Area 0.0000 • 2.5400e-• 2.5400e-• 1.0000e-• 0.0000 • 2.6800e- • 003 : 003 : 005 • : 003 •1 I I I I I I I I I • I I I I I ........ --.......... ··-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,--------r---------t ............ -·-------.,-------.,-------.,-------"T ........ -.. Energy •• • • • • • • • • • ! 0.0000 • 1,343.601 • 1,343.601 • 0.0426 • 0.0166 • 1,349.653 : 4 : 4 : : : 0 •• o o I I I I I I I • I I I I I -............ ----··--------.--------.-------.,--------.-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------""1"'--------t .......... --·-------.,-------.,-------..,-------.,. .......... .. Mobile •• • • • • • • • • • ! 0.0000 • 776.6917 • 776.6917 • 0.0324 • 0.0000 • 777.3722 I I I I I I I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I • I I I I I .. -.. -.. -.......... ··-------..,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------..,--------r--------............... -·-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,.. ........ "' .. Waste •• • • • • • • • • • ! 15.7826 • o.oooo • 15.7826 • 0.9327 • o.oooo • 35.3697 I I I I I •• o o o I I I I I I • I I I I I . -........ -........ ··-------..,-------.,-------.,-------..,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------""1""-------.............. -~--------,-------.,-------.,-------.,.. .......... .. Water •• • • • • • • • • • ! 1.1428 • 16.7814 • 17.9242 • 0.1181 • 2.9100e-• 21.3057 Total 16.9253 I 2,137.077,2,154.002 0 3 • • 003 1.1258 0.0196 2,183.703 3 [ CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 2.2 Overall Operational Mitigated Operational Area Page 6 of30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 0.0000 • 2.5400e-• 2.5400e-• 1.0000e-• 0.0000 • 2.6800e- : 003 : 003 : 005 : : 003 •• 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • I I I I I -............ -...... ··-------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------.,-------... -------... -------"T"-------................. -·-------... -------... -------... -------"T---.... .. Energy . 0.0000 '1,178.649' 1,178.649' 0.0374 ' 0.0146 '1,183.957 : 0 : 0 : : : 9 •• I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ...... -.... -........ ··-------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------"1"'-------........... -.. -·-------... -------... -------... -------............... .. Mobile •• • • • • • • • • • -0.0000 ' 776.6917 ' 776.6917 ' 0.0324 ' 0.0000 ' 777.3722 I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I j 1 I I I I --........ ---.. -.. ··-------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------.,-------.,..-------1' ............ -·-------.,-------.,-------.,-------"T .. -....... .. Waste •• • • • • • • • • • ' 15.7826 • 0.0000 • 15.7826 • 0.9327 • 0.0000 • 35.3697 •1 I I I I I I I I I • I I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I .. .. ... .. -............ ··-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------Water Total 3.0 Construction Detail Construction Phase I I I I I ............ -·-------... -------... -------... -------"T" .......... .. 1.1428 • 16.7814 • 17.9242 • 0.1180 • 2.9100e-• 21.3039 . 003 16.9253 11,972.12411,989.050 7 0 1.1205 0.0175 I 2,018.006 4 CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 7 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM :111/2017 :1/6/2017 : 5: ~~-~~--~------------------------I-----------------------I------------~------------4--------4--------~-------------------------:Grading :Grading :1/7/2017 :1118/2017 : 5: a: -------~------------------------=-----------------------l------------~------------~--------4--------~-------------------------3 :Building Construction :Building Construction :1/19/2017 :12/6/2017 : 5: 230: -------~------------------------I-----------------------I------------~------------~--------4--------~-------------------------:Paving :Paving :12/7/2017 :1/1/2018 : 5: 18: -------~------------------------~----------------------~------------~-----------~--------~--------~-------------------------5 :Architectural Coating :Architectural Coating :1/2/2018 :1/25/2018 : 5: 18: Acres of Grading (Site Preparation Phase): 0 Acres of Grading (Grading Phase): 2.58 Acres of Paving: 0 Residential Indoor: 0; Residential Outdoor: 0; Non-Residential Indoor: 251 ,444; Non-Residential Outdoor: 83,815 (Architectural Coating-sqft) OffRoad Equipment CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 8 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM f'~~s~ Name. .•· .J .. ·••·•· Oft'roact Equip()1ent Type · ·•1 \Amount , .J.lJsa~~~.I'Jout$~ \j;\' Horse.f>bwer. •·I tpa~~a~v>r> Architectural Coating :Air Compressors : 1 j 6.oo: 78: 0.48 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1-- - --------- -------- - ------I------------------!-------------1----------------------~ --------------Paving :cement and Mortar Mixers : 21 6.oo: 9: 0.56 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1--- ------- - - - - - - ---- -------I------------------!-------------~---------------------~ --------------Building Construction :cranes : 11 7.oo: 226: 0.29 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1---- - - ---------------- - - ---I------------------1-- - - - - - - - - - --1----------------------~ --------------Building Construction •Forklifts 1 3i 8.001 89' 0.20 • I I I I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1---------- - - ---- ---- -------I------------------!-------------~-------------------~ --------------Grading :Excavators : 11 S.oo: 162: 0.38 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1---------------------------I------------------!-------------1-----------------------~ --------------Paving :Pavers : 11 s.oo: 125: 0.42 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1-- - -------- - -------- -------I------------------1-- - - - - - - - - - - -~---------------------~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Paving •Rollers I 2i 6.00• so• 0.38 • I I I I ----------------------------:---------------------------I------------------!-------------1-----------------------~ --. -----------Grading :Rubber Tired Dozers : 11 8.00: 255: 0.40 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1------- ---- - -------- - - - - - --I------------------!-------------~----------------------~ --------------Building Construction :Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes : 31 7.oo: 97: 0.37 ----------------------------:---------------------------I------------------!-------------~-------------------------~ --------------Building Construction :Generator Sets : 11 s.oo: 84: 0.74 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1---------------------------I------------------!-------------~-----------------------~ --------------Grading :Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes : 31 s.oo: 97: 0.37 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1-- - -------- - - ------- - - -----I------------------!-------------~------------------------~ --------------Paving :Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes : 11 s.oo: 97: 0.37 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1---- - - - - -------------------I------------------!-------------~-----------------------~ --------------Site Preparation :Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes : 4j S.oo: 97: 0.37 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1----------- - -------- - - -----I------------------!-------------~-----------------------~ --------------Grading :Graders : 11 s.oo: 174: 0.41 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1---- - ------- - - -------------I------------------!-------------~-----------------------~ --------------Paving :Paving Equipment : 21 6.oo: 130: 0.36 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1---- - - - ------------- - - -----I------------------!-------------~-----------------------~ --------------Site Preparation :Rubber Tired Dozers : 31 s.oo: 255: 0.40 ----------------------------~--------------------------~----------------4-------------~-------------~--------------Building Construction :welders : 1 : 8.00: 46: 0.45 Trips and VMT 71 • I .... -.......... --.. --=---------------1-----------1· ................ .. ing : 6: 15.oo: o.oo ----------------=---------------I-----------1----------Building Construction : 9: 70.oo: 27.00 ----------------:---------------I-----------1----------Paving : 8! 20.00: 0.00 0.00: 10.80: 7.30: 20.00:LD_Mix :HDT_Mix ---------f-----------t-----------1----------1--------------1----------O.oo: 10.80: 7.30: 20.00:LD_Mix :HDT_Mix :HHDT ---------f-----------1-----------1----------1--------------1----------.j.---------O.oo: 10.80: 7.30: 20.00:LD_Mix :HDT_Mix :HHDT ·f-----------t-----------1----------1--------------1----------.j.---------10.80• 7.30: 20.00:LD_Mix :HDT_Mix !HHDT ~--------------~----------~---------~---------~----------~----------~---------~-------------~---------4---------10.80 HHDT L __ i __ l_ !_ l CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 9 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 3.1 Mitigation Measures Construction Use Cleaner Engines for Construction Equipment Water Exposed Area Clean Paved Roads 3.2 Site Preparation -2017 Unmitigated Construction On-Site t 0.0000 : 0.0000 : 0.0000 : 0.0000 : 0.0000 : 0.0000 I I I I I I •1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ..... -----.......... ··-------.. --------.-------.. -------.. --------.-------.. --------.--------.-------"T"--------t ........... -.. -·-------.. --------.-------.,-------"T" .. --.. -..... Off-Road •• • • • • • • • • • & 0.0000 • 9.0789 • 9.0789 • 2.7800e-• 0.0000 • 9.1373 :: : : : : : : : : : I I : : 003 I I I I I I I I Total 0.0000 9.0789 9.0789 I 2.1sooe-I o.oooo 003 9.1373 CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 10 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 3.2 Site Preparation -2017 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site " I I I I I I I I I ~ 0.0000 : 0.0000 : 0.0000 : 0.0000 : 0.0000 : •• I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I j 1 I I I I ........ '""" .. "' .. '" '"··-------.. -------.,-------... --------.-------.,-------.. -------.,-------.,-------T-------... '" .. '"'"'" "' "'1-------.,-------.,-------.,--------r ........ '"' .. '" Vendor 01 I I I I I I I I I l 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I I I I I I I I 1 I I I 1 I I I I I I I j I I I I I •1 I I I I I I I I I j 1 I I I 1 .. --................. ··-------.. -------... -------.. -------... -------... -------.. -------... -------.. -------"T"--------t ............ -·-------... -------... -------... -------.... -.. -...... .. Worker " 1 1 I I I 1 I I I ', 0.0000 I 0.3233 I 0.3233 I 2.0000e-I 0.0000 I 0.3236 I I : : QQS Total Mitigated Construction On-Site Fugitive Dust 01 01 ' 0.0000 0.3233 0.3233 2.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.3236 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I I I I I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I • I I I I I ...................... ··-------.. -------... -------.. -------.. -------.. -------.. -------... -------.. -------"T"-------.... -.... -.. -·-------.,-------.,-------.,-------... ----.. -Off-Road Total .. " i -0.0000 I 9.0788 I 9.0788 I 2.7800e-I 0.0000 I 9.1373 0.0000 9.0788 9.0788 003 2.7800e- 003 0.0000 9.1373 I _i i !_ ,- L L CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 11 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 3.2 Site Preparation -2017 Mitigated Construction Off-Site I I •• I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I -.......... -.... -.. ··-------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------"T"--------t ...... --... -·-------... -------... -------... -------"T .......... .. Vendor 01 I I I I I I I I I I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I •1 I I I I I 1 I I 1 I 1 I I I I .. ---.. -.. -...... ··-------... --------.-------... -------... -------... -------... --------.-------.,-------"T"'-------.............. -·--------.-------..,-------.,--------r-.. --.. .. Worker •1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 0.0000 1 0.3233 1 0.3233 1 2.0000e-1 0.0000 1 0.3236 1 1 I I I I I : : QQ5 Total 3.3 Grading-2017 Unmitigated Construction On-Site I I I •• I I I I I I I I I .... -........ -.... -··-------.,-------.,-------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------.,..---Off-Road Total 0.0000 0.3233 0.3233 I I I 2.0000e- 005 0.0000 1 I I I I 0.3236 ...... -.... -·-------... --------.-------... -------..,. ----.... 0.0000 I 11.0447 I 11.0447 I 3.3800e-I 0.0000 I 11.1157 0.0000 11.0447 11.0447 003 . 3.3800e- 003 0.0000 11.1157 l__ CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 12 of 30 3.3 Grading -2017 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Hauling ., .. ' ' •1 I I I I I I I I I .. .. -.. -...... -.... ··-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,--------.-------... -------.,-------... -------"T"------- Vendor •• • • • • • • • • • •• I I I I I I I I I 1'1 I I I I I I I I I 1'1 I I I I I I I I I ............ --...... ··-------.,-------.,-------.,-------... -------... -------.,-------.,-------.,-------"T"-------Worker :: • • • • • • • • Total Mitigated Construction On-Site Fugitive Dust Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 I I I I I I I I I I I I I ...... -...... ·-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.......... -.... 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 1 I I I I I I I I I ............ -·-------... -------.,-------.,-------..,. .......... .. 0.0000 • 0.4311 • 0.4311 • 2.0000e-• 0.0000 • 0.4315 005 0.0000 0.4311 0.4311 2.0000e· 005 0.0000 0.4315 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 I I I I I 1 I I I I •• • • • I I • I • I .. I I I I I ............ --...... ··-------.,-------.,--------.-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------,..-------............ --·-------.,-------.,-------.,-------"'1"------Off-Road •• • • • • • • • • • f 0.0000 • 11.0447 • 11.0447 • 3.3800e-• 0.0000 • 11.1157 Total 0.0000 11.0447 l 003 11.0447 I 3.3800e- 003 0.0000 11.1157 CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 3.3 Grading-2017 Mitigated Construction Off-Site ' ' Page 13 of 30 •1 I I I I I I I I I ........... - - -....... ··-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------... -------.,-------.. -------'T------ Vendor •• • • • • • , • •• I I I I I I •• I I I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I .............. -...... ··-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------... -------"T"------- Worker •• • • • • • • • • • •• I I I I I I I I Total 3.4 Building Construction -2017 Unmitigated Construction On-Site Total I. Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 I I I I I 1 I I I I 1 I I I I ........ -.. -·-------.,-------.,-------..,--------r "' ........... 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 1 I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I ............ -·-------.,-------... -------.,-------............ -.. 0.0000 • 0.4311 • 0.4311 • 2.0000e-• 0.0000 • 0.4315 0.0000 0.0000 : : 005 : 0.4311 0.4311 ' 275.4010 ' ' 275.401 o I 275.401 o 2.0000e- 005 0.0678 0.0000 0.4315 0.0000 ' 276.8244 ' 0.0000 276.8244 CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 14 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 3.4 Building Construction -2017 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Hauling 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 ' 0.0000 •1 I 1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I .......... "' ........ • ··-------.... -------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------T-------.............. -~-------.,-------.,-------.,-------"T""' .. ,. .... .. Vendor •• • • • • • • • • • I 0.0000 • 65.8570 • 65.8570 • 5.0000e-• 0.0000 • 65.8675 : : : : : : : : i : : : 004 : : •1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I -.......... -.. -.... ··-------.,-------.,-------.,-------... -------.,-------... -------.,-------... -------"T"-------.......... -.. -·-------.,-------... -------... -------"T .. -........ Worker •• • • • • • • • • • 1 0.0000 • 57.8341 • 57.8341 • 2.9400e-• 0.0000 • 57.8959 •• : : : : : : : : : ~ I : : QQ3 Total Mitiaated Construction On-Site Off-Road Total ! [ 0.0000 123.6912 1 123.6912 1 3.4400e- oo3 0.0000 123.7633 0.0000 ' 275.4007 ' 275.4007 ' 0.0678 ' 0.0000 ' 276.8240 I I I I I I 0.0000 275.4007 I 275.4007 0.0678 0.0000 276.8240 l L_ ~- CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 15 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 3.4 Building Construction -2017 Mitigated Construction Off-Site 1 o.oooo I •• I I I I I I I I I l 1 I I I I ----.......... -.. ··-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------"T"-------............. --·-------.,-------.,-------.,--------r .......... --Vendor "' ' I I I I I I I I I 0.0000 ' 65.8570 I 65.8570 I 5.0000e-I 0.0000 I 65.8675 : : : : : : : : : : 004 : : •1 I I I I I I I I I J 1 I I I I .............. --.... ··-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.. -------"T"--------t ............ -·-------.,-------.,-------.,-------...... ---.... .. Worker "' I I I I I I I I I I 0.0000 I 57.8341 I 57.8341 I 2.9400e-I 0.0000 1 57.8959 : : : : : : : ~ I : : QQ3 I I I I I I I I Total 3.5 Paving-2017 Unmitigated Construction On-Site 0.0000 123.6912 I 123.6912 I 3.4400e-oo3 0.0000 123.7633 1 o.oooo : 14.4492 : 14.4492 : 4.31 OOe-: 0.0000 : 14.5397 I • I I 003 I I •• I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I ...................... ··-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------"T"-------........ -.... -·-------"1-------.,-------.,-------"T ............ .. Paving :: : : : : : : : : : 1 0.0000 1 0.0000 1 0.0000 1 0.0000 1 0.0000 1 0.0000 •• I I I I I I I I I I I Total 0.0000 14.4492 14.4492 I 4.3100e- 003 0.0000 14.5397 CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 16 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 3.5 Paving-2017 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Hauling 0.0000 • 0.0000 • 0.0000 • 0.0000 • 0.0000 • 0.0000 •• I I I I I I I I I 6 I I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I .. -.... -...... -.... ··-------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------...--------.. -.... -.... -·-------... -------... -------... -------.,. ........ --Vendor •• • • • • • • • 1 1 I 0.0000 • 0.0000 1 0.0000 1 0.0000 1 0.0000 1 0.0000 •1 I I I I I I I I I j I I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I •a I I I I I I I I I ' I I I I I .. -.................. ··-------... -------... -------.,-------... -------... --------.-------... -------... -------"T"-------...... -...... -·-------... -------..,-------... -------"'1"' ...... -.. .. Worker •• 1 1 1 • 1 • 1 1 1 I 0.0000 • 1.2213 1 1.2213 1 6.0000e-1 0.0000 • 1.2227 :: : : : : : : : : : ~ I : : QQS Total Mitigated Construction On-Site Off-Road 0.0000 1.2213 1.2213 6.0000e- 005 0.0000 1.2227 0.0000 0 14.4492 I 14.4492 I 4.3100e-I 0.0000 I 14.5397 : : : 003 : : •1 I I I I I I I I I • I I I I I .... -.......... -...... ··-------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------..,--------.--------.-------"T"--------t-------·--------.--------.--------.-------... ------Paving Total l [ I ' -, I . 0.0000 0 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 ° 0.0000 0.0000 14.4492 l 14.4492 I 4.3100e- 003 -1 I 0.0000 14.5397 ,- L_ L CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 17 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11:49 AM 3.5 Paving -2017 Mitigated Construction Off-Site I I •• I I I I I I I I I I 0.0000 I I I I I 1 I I I I .. .. - -.. -........... ··-------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... --------r---.. -........ -·-------... --------.-------... -------"1"' -.......... Vendor •• • • • • • • • • • 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 •1 I I I I I I I I I •• 1 I I I I I I ... I • I ' I I • I I .. I I I I I -.............. --.. ··-------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------"T"'-------.... -.. --.. -·-------... --------.-------... -------.......... -.... .. Worker ol I I I I I I I I I ~ 0.0000 I 1.2213 1 1.2213 I 6.0000e-I 0.0000 1 1.2227 Total .. " 3.5 Paving -2018 Unmitigated Construction On-Site 0.0000 1.2213 1.2213 005 6.0000e- oos 0.0000 1 o.oooo •1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I I 1 I 1 I I QQ4 I I 1.2227 •• I I I 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I I ...... -......... "' .. -··-------... -------... -------... -------.. -------... -------... -------.,-------... -------..... -------........ -.... -·-------... -------... -------..,-------~ .. ------Paving :: : : : : : : : : : 1 0.0000 • 0.0000 • 0.0000 1 0.0000 1 0.0000 1 0.0000 •• I I I I I I I I I I I Total 0.0000 0.8369 0.8369 2.5000e- 004 0.0000 0.8422 CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 18 of 30 3.5 Paving-2018 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site I I •• I I I I I I I I I '" '" '" "' "' '" '" '" '" '" '" 1'1-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------... -------T---- VendOr •• • • • r • • • • • I I I I I I I I I I I I I I •1 I I I I I I I I I -.................... ··-------.,-------.,--------.-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------... -------"T"---- Worker •• • • • • • • • • .. Total Mitigated Construction On-Site I I •1 I I I I I I I I I .... -...... -........ ··-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,--------.-------"'T"'----- Paving :: Total l l ~I l _j l I l ' I Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM I 0.0000 I I 1 I I I I .... - -.... -·-------..,-------.,-------.,-------"'1" .......... .. 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I I I I I I I I I I I I I -........... -·-------.,-------.,-------.,-------......... -.... 0.0000 I 0.0692 I 0.0692 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0692 0.0000 0.0692 I I 0.0692 0.0000 0.0000 0.0692 I 2.5000e-I 0.0000 I 0.8422 : 004 : : I I I I I ............ -·-------... --------.-------... -------..,.--.. ---0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 0.0000 0.8369 c i 0.8369 2.5000e- 004 0.0000 0.8422 L_ i L_ CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 19 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 3.5 Paving -2018 Mitigated Construction Off-Site 0.0000 I I I •• I I I I I I I I I • I I I I I •"' "'"' "''" .... "'"' "'··-------... -------..,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------..... -------"1 "'"',. •"' .. •a-------.,-------.,-------.,-------T"' "'•"'"' .. Vendor -0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 " " I I I I I 1 I I I I •• • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • I I I I I .... • • • "' • "' ...... ··-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------..... -------.. "' • • "' "' • .. ·-------.,-------.,-------.,-------T "' • • .. '" '" Worker :: I I I I I I I I I + 0.0000 I 0.0692 I 0.0692 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0692 Total 3.6 Architectural Coating-2018 Unmitigated Construction On-Site 0.0000 : 0.0000 I 0.0692 0.0692 0.0000 0.0000 •1 I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I 0.0692 ....................... ··--------.-------.,-------... -------... -------... -------.,-------... -------.,-------..... -------"1 ... -........ -·-------.,-------... -------.,-------"T ............... .. Off-Road " 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 0.0000 1 2.2979 1 2.2979 1 2.2000e-1 0.0000 1 2.3025 :: : : : : : : : : : I : : : oo4 I Total 0.0000 2.2979 2.2979 2.2000e- 004 0.0000 2.3025 CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 3.6 Architectural Coating-2018 Unmitigated Construction Off-Site Hauling .. 01 Page 20 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 0.0000 0 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I I I I I I I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I • I I I I I ............ -........ -..... ··-------... -------.,-------... -------... --------.-------.... -------... -------... -------"T"-------"1 .......... -.. -·-------... -------.,-------... -------"r ............... ... Vendor . 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I I I I I I I I •1 I I I I I I I I I • I I I I I ...... -........... --...... ··-------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------"T"-------"1 ............ -... -·--------.-------... -------.,-------"T .............. ... . 0.0000 I 0.8712 I 0.8712 I 4.0000e-I 0.0000 I 0.8721 Worker •• 01 Total Mitiaated Construction On-Site Archil. Coating :: 0.0000 0.8712 0.8712 005 4.0000e- 005 0.0000 0.8721 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I I I I I I I I I I •1 I I I I I I I I I • I I I I I ............................. ··-------... -------... -------... -------... --------.-------... -------... -------... -------..,..-------................. -·-------... --------.-------... -------"'1"------Off-Road Total 01 01 . 0.0000 I 2.2979 I 2.2979 I 2.2000e-I 0.0000 I 2.3025 0.0000 2.2979 2.2979 004 2.2000e- 004 0.0000 2.3025 i CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 21 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 3.6 Architectural Coating -2018 Mitigated Construction Off-Site Hauling :: : : : : : : : : : t 0.0000 : 0.0000 : 0.0000 : •• I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I •• I I I 1 I I I I I I 1 I I I I -.... -.. -........... ··-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------"T"-------........ -.... -·-------.,-------.,-------.,-------"T ............ - Vendor oo 0 0 I I I I I I I l 0.0000 ' 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I •1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ...................... ··-------... -------..,-------.,-------... -------.,-------.,--------.--------.-------...--------.. '"' .. '"'"'" .. ··-------.,-------.,-------.,-------T'"'"'"'" ...... Worker •• 1 1 • 1 1 1 1 1 • l 0.0000 • 0.8712 1 0.8712 1 4.0000e-1 0.0000 1 0.8721 •• 1 I 1 1 I I I I I ~ I : : QQS I l Total 0.8721 4.0 Operational Detail -Mobile 4.1 Mitigation Measures Mobile 0.0000 0 776.6917 I 776.6917 I 0.0324 I 0.0000 I 777.3722 I I I I I I I I I I •1 I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ...... -.. --......... ,.. ------..... ------..... -------.--------.-------""T'"-------,..------...... ------""T"------""T"-------Unmitigated :: -o.oooo" -~lY6~s917-:-776~S917-:--0.0324--:--o.ooao·-:-777.3722 CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 4.2 Trip Summary Information 4.3 Trip Type Information I:\~Y t 0.511818: 0.073499 0.191840 0.131575 §·9 ~f1NfaKyDetail Historical Energy Use: N 5.1 Mitigation Measures Energy Exceed Title 24 Install High Efficiency Lighting Install Energy Efficient Appliances -, I J J l ~~\I 0.036332 0.005186 l l -, J Page 22 of 30 0.012677• 0.022513 0.001864 l r Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 0.002072 0.006564 0.000601 0.003458 l CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 23 of 30 I •• I I I I I I I I I ............................... ··-------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------... -------"T"'----- Eiectricity •• • • • • • • • • • Unmitigated :: •1 I I I I I I I I I ........................... ··-------... -------... -------... -------... -------.,-------... -------... -------... -------.... ----NaturaiGas •• • • • • • • • • • Mitigated :: : : : : : : : •• I I I I I I I I I .............. -............ ·•r-------...... ------...... ------...... ------...... ------...... -------.--------r------...... ------...... ------NaturaiGas "1 Unmitigated 01 5.2 Energy by Land Use -NaturaiGas Unmitigated Total Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM I I I I I .................... -------... -------... -------... -------"T ............... ... 0.0000 I 799.2785 I 799.2785 I 0.0322 I 6.6600e-I 802.0175 : : : : 003 : 1 I I I I "' "' "' "' "' "' ··-------... -------.,-------... -------T "' "' "' "' .. "' 0.0000 I 477.5684 I 477.5684 I 9.1500e-I 8.7600e-I 480.4748 : : : 003 : 003 : I I I I I ................. -r-------...... ------...... ------...... -------r ............. ... 0.0000 I 544.3228 I 544.3228 I 0.0104 I 9.9800e-I 547.6355 . 003 . 0.0000 544.3228 I 544.3228 0.0104 9.9800e-I 547.6355 003 CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 5.2 Energy by Land Use -NaturaiGas Mitigated Hotel Total • 8.94929e : +006 5.3 Energy by Land Use -Electricity Unmitigated Total 799.2785 I o.o322 I 6.66ooe-I 802.0175 003 Page 24 of 30 ' i Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 0.0000 • 477.5684 • 477.5684 • 9.1500e-• 8.7600e-• 480.4748 : : : 003 : 003 : 0.0000 I 477.5684 I 477.5684 I 9.1500e-I 8.7600e-I 480.4748 003 003 --, i CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 5.3 Energy by Land Use -Electricity Mitigated Total 6.0 Area Detail 701.0807 I o.o282 I s.8400e-I 703.4832 003 6.1 Mitigation Measures Area Use Low VOC Paint-Non-Residential Interior Use Low VOC Paint -Non-Residential Exterior Use only Natural Gas Hearths Use Low VOC Cleaning Supplies [_ Page 25 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM I ,_ CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 26 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11:49 AM Mitigated 01 I I I I I I I I I ' 0.0000 I 2.5400e· I 2.5400e· I 1.0000e· I 0.0000 I 2.6800e-:: : : : : : : : : : I : oo3 : oo3 : oos : : oo3 •r I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ....................... ,.. ------..... ------..... ------..... ------..... ------..... ------..,..------...... ------..... ------..,..-------............. -r-------..... ------..... ------..... -------r ...... -.... .. Unmitigated "1 I I I I I I 1 1 1 • o.oooo 1 2.5400e-I 2.5400e-I 1.0000e-I 0.0000 I 2.6800e- 003 : 003 : 005 : : 003 6.2 Area by SubCategory Unmitigated 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Architectural Coating •r I I I I I I I I I I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I I I I I 0.0000 0.0000 •• I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I I 0.0000 .. • • • • ........ • • ··-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------...--------.. • .......... ""1-------.,-------.,-------.,-------T .. • • • .... Consumer 01 I I I I I I I I I t 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 Products •• o o o 1 1 1 1 1 1 • I I I I I --.... -.... -...... ··-------.,-------..,-------... -------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,-------.,..-------.......... -.. -·-------.,-------... -------.,-------""1"------Landscaping 01 I I I I I I I I I ' 0.0000 I 2.5400e-I 2.5400e-I 1.0000e-I 0.0000 I 2.6800e· •I 1 I I I I I I 1 1 I 1 003 : 003 : 005 : : 003 Total ,- l 0.0000 2.5400e· 003 2.5400e- 003 ! 1.0000e- 005 0.0000 2.6800e· 003 CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Page 27 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM 6.2 Area by SubCategory Mitigated ! 0.0000 : 0.0000 : 0.0000 : 0.0000 : I I I I I •• I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ... -----....... --··-------.. --------.--------.--------.-------.. -------.,-------.. --------.-------"T"-------"'* .................. -·--------.--------.--------.--------r-........... .. Consumer " I I I I I I I I I I 0.0000 ' 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 I 0.0000 Products :: ; : : ! : : : ! ! t : ; : : : •t I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ............... -......... -... ··--------.-------... -------.. -------.. -------... --------.-------.,--------.-------.,...-------....... -... -... -·-------.. -------.. --------.-------..... --............ Landscaping •1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 0.0000 1 2.5400e-1 2.5400e-1 1.0000e-1 0.0000 1 2.6800e- 1 I ! : 003 : 003 : 005 : : 003 Total 7.0 Water Detail 7.1 Mitigation Measures Water 01 17.9242 I oo I •• I •• I I I -·un-;;itig~ied--=~-17~242-:--o.11a1--:-2~s1oO"e:-:--2-1~3os?- -003 I 2.6800e- 003 [_ CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 7.2 Water by Land Use Unmitigated Total Mitigated Total 8.0 Waste Detail 17.9242 1 o.1181 1 2.91ooe-1 21.3057 003 17.9242 1 o.1180 1 2.91ooe-1 21.3039 003 8.1 Mitigation Measures Waste Page 28 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM l i I l r·-, I r· ' . I CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 Category/Year Mitigated " 15.7826 I 0.9327 I 0.0000 I 35.3697 •• I I I •1 I I I •• I I I ................ • .... •r-------.--------.--------r .. "' ........ Unmitigated "1 15.7826 • 0.9327 • 0.0000 • 35.3697 8.2 Waste by Land Use Unmitigated Total 15.7826 I 0.9327 o.oooo I 35.3697 Page 29 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11 :49 AM CaiEEMod Version: CaiEEMod.2013.2.2 8.2 Waste by Land Use Mitigated Total 15.7826 I 0.9327 I o.oooo I 35.3697 9.0 Operational Offroad 10.0 Vegetation ~, J Page 30 of 30 Date: 2/24/2016 11:49 AM -l r--~ 1 ~--- : -~ LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH2016 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA APPENDIXC HV AC REFRIGERANT EMISSIONS R:\HWE1601\GHG\Horne2SuitesbyHilton _Carlsbad_ GHG _ Report_3-ll-2016.docx (3/11/2016) GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TECHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 R:IHWEI60 I \GHGIHorne2SuitesbyHilton_ Carlsbad_ GHG _ Report_3-I I -20I6~docx (3/I I/20I6) I~ - L_ L_ I I , L __ ~ __ j Refrigerant C02e Emissions -Annualized References pages 59-63 of "Local Government Operations Protocol" in addition to Appendix E of the same document. Total Annual HFC Emissions (metric tons) = [ (CN X k) + (C X X X T)] + [ 1,000 (kg)] mt eN= quantity of refrigerant charged into the new equipment (kg) k =installation emission factor(%) e =total full charge (capacity) of the equipment (kg) X = operating emission factor (%) T =time in years equipment was in use (e.g., 0.5 if used only during half the year) Table 6.4 Data k= 0.01 X= 0.10 Manufacturer Data "Units are factory charged for 15ft of 3/8" liquid line. The factory charge for 3/8" lineset 9 oz (266.16g)." Therefore, eN and e are taken to be 0.26616kg. Total Annual HFC Emissions (mt) [(0.26616 X 0.01) + (0.26616 X 0.10 X 1)] + [1,000] [0.0026616 + 0.026616] + [1,000] = 2.92 X 10-5 metric tonnes year HFC R-410A Emissions (mt C02e) = ( HFC R-410A Emissions (metr~::~nnes)) x ( GWP(HFC R-410A)) The_ GWP ofR-410A is 1,725. HFC R-410A Emissions (mt C02e) = (2.92 X 10-s metric tonnes) X (l,725) = 5.04 X 10_2 metric tonnes C02 year year GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION ANALYSIS TEGHNICAL REPORT HOME2 SUITES BY HILTON CARLSBAD PROJECT CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. MARCH 2016 R:\HWE1601\GHG\Home2SuitesbyHilton ~Carlsbad~ GHG ~Report ~3-11-2016.docx (3/11/2016) l __ _ (__j I L: ,- I - I_