HomeMy WebLinkAbout; ; Heritage Tree Report; 2007-09-30CARLSBAD
HISTORIC VILLAGE DISTRICT
HERITAGE TREE REPORT
2002
CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA
PREPARED FOR
Historic Preservation Commission
City of Carlsbad
c/o Carlsbad City Library
March 15,2002
Including
ADDENDUM January 30, 2006
and
ADDENDUM II September 30, 2007
PREPARED BY
Mark Wisniewski
WISNIEWSKI & ASSOCIATES
LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT - CERTIFIED ARBORIST
2036 Countrywood Way - Encinitas, California 92024-5401
(760) 436-5308 - FAX (760) 436-3924
Licensed Landscape Architect No. 3281
International Society of Arboriculture - Certified Arborist No. WC-0742
ADDENDUM
January 30, 2006
Since the 2002 report was completed 20 trees at 18 tree sites have either been
removed for various reasons or have died. Three additional trees at two sites
have started to decline and one tree was topped severely. These trees are no
longer recommended for heritage tree status.
Changes to the original "Carlsbad Heritage Tree List - 2002" from "Appendix B"
are shown as follows:
STRIKE THRU text means the tree has been removed, has declined in health so
severely that recovery does not seem possible, or the tree has been topped
and/or pruned severely.
BOLD text in the data fields indicates new or updated information.
ADDENDUM II
September 30, 2007
Since the Addendum dated January 30, 2006, updated information has been
provided by the City staff regarding ownership of the trees, particularly those
trees whose ownership was originally unclear. A new chart has been added to
page 50 to reflect the current status of tree ownership. Additionally five more
trees have been removed.
Additional changes to the original "Carlsbad Heritage Tree List - 2002" in
"Appendix B" and "Appendix C" are shown as follows:
STRIKE THRU text means the tree has been removed, has declined I health so
severely that recovery does not seem possible, or the tree has been topped
and/or pruned severely.
BOLD text in the data fields indicates new or updated information.
Please note that no other changes have been made to update the report
because of the extensive editing that would have been required.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface v
Introduction vii
Assignment 2
Historical Perspective 4
Heritage Trees 11
Summary 48
Management Recommendations 53
Bibliography 64
Appendices:
Appendix A Maps of Study Area with Heritage Trees locations
Appendix B Heritage Trees listed by species with common name and
location (revised January 2006 and September 2007
Addendums)
Appendix C Heritage Trees listed by map number
Appendix D Heritage Tree Data Summary - Diameter
Appendix E Heritage Tree Data Summary - Height
Appendix F Heritage Tree Data Summary - Canopy Spread
Appendix G Heritage Tree Data Summary - Vigor
Appendix H Heritage Tree Data Summary - Condition
Appendix I Newspaper Articles and other reprinted material
Appendix J California Government Code on "Topping"
Appendix K International Society of Arboriculture - "Best Management
Practices - Tree-Pruning"
Appendix L American National Standard for Tree Care Operations -
"Tree Shrub and Other Woody Plant Maintenance -
Standard Practices (Pruning)"
Appendix M Tree Hazard Evaluation Form
Title page: Pinus torreyana (Tree #78)
1168 Carlsbad Village Drive - Photo by Mark Wisniewski
The hand embossed metal plate attached to the tree states:
TORREY
PINE
PLANTED FROM SEED BY
MRS. JAMES A. GREENWOOD
PLEASE DO NOT DISTURB
IV
PREFACE
The author of this report would like to thank the following for their help,
cooperation, insight, historical perspective or technical expertise that contributed
immensely to this report. Any mistakes, errors or oversights remain the sole
responsibility of the author.
The Historic Preservation Commission for their foresight to recognize the need
for such a study and for their patience during the research, development and
writing stages which all took longer than any of us anticipated.
Mr. Geoff Armour, Assistant Library Director of the Carlsbad Library, my liaison to
the Historic Preservation Commission, for his unflagging support, sound
direction, gentle persuasion and for making available to me the resources of the
Carlsbad Library system and other City departments.
The City of Carlsbad GIS Department for the excellent maps that were produced
to show the locations of the study area and the trees.
Marge Howard-Jones for her excellent book "Seekers of the Spring - A History of
Carlsbad" that proved to be invaluable during the research for this report and for
her assistance in researching historical photographs.
Susan Gutierrez, manager of the Local History Room of the Cole Library, and
Ann L'Heureux for their invaluable assistance in researching articles and
historical photographs.
Connie Trejo and Ofelia Escobedo for their support, historical knowledge and
opening the Barrio Museum to me for research purposes.
Stephanie Dunham, the decent of the Carlsbad Historical Society at the Magee
House, who made available the archives of the Society for my review and for
providing additional historical information.
Dan Simpson, arborist extraordinaire with the San Diego Zoo for his generous
professional assistance on tree review and identification.
Tim Clancy, arborist and computer guru, for providing the computer program and
the computer analysis of the tree size and health data with the accompanying
reports and for review of the technical information sections.
Luther Gage and the other pioneers of this community without whose efforts at
planting and nurturing trees and plants there would be little to study and no
legacy of grand and beautiful trees for this and succeeding generations to enjoy.
All the planters, farmers, nurseries, gardeners, arborists, landscape architects
and tree trimmers, both amateur and professional, paid and unpaid, who have
provided the foresight, muscle, sweat and dedication to collect, grow, plant and
care for these pieces of natural beauty and history that we can all marvel at and
enjoy.
All of the citizens of Carlsbad who called me or stopped me on the street to give
me their opinions, suggestions and recommendations for trees to include in this
report. It was impossible to walk down a street with a clipboard in my hand
without being stopped repeatedly and asked "What are you doing?", and "You're
not going to cut down these trees are you?" My answer was always "No, I'm
looking at the trees in an attempt to identify, protect and save them."
To all the citizens of this community past, and present, who valued, protected
and at times have fought to preserve this community's heritage that is reflected
and recorded in her trees. This includes the police officers who stopped me
because a citizen reported that they thought I was vandalizing a Torrey pine
during my inspections. I wasn't, but I appreciated both the citizen's concern and
quick response from the police.
Special thanks go to my wife Mary for her constant support during this project.
Whether walking the streets with me, reviewing the umpteenth report draft for
grammatical accuracy or other errors, and for her patience during the numerous
hours and weekends I spent on this report instead of with her.
Thank you one and all for your concern and help and for the opportunity to study,
enjoy and appreciate all the grand trees that contribute to the natural history, the
cultural history and heritage of Carlsbad.
VI
INTRODUCTION
How many times have you heard the quaint, but accurate expression, "You can't
see the forest for the trees?" Well, I found that the reverse is also true - that you
often can't see and appreciate the individual trees for the forest. We all see them.
We drive or walk by them frequently or even daily. They may be in our neighbor's
front yard or our own, or a city street tree.
We've seen some trees a hundred or a thousand times, but usually we don't
really look at them or study them closely. They are so much a part of the fabric of
our lives and the community that sometimes we only really notice them when
they are removed. Then we wonder why and sometimes get angry or upset
because something that was significant to us, although we may not have fully
appreciated it, is gone. There is a void where that tree, which may have been
there throughout our entire lives, once stood.
Joni Mitchell in a popular song she composed and sang in 1969 "Big Yellow Taxi"
laments, "They took all the trees and put them in a tree museum and they
charged all the people a dollar and a half just to see 'em. Don't it always seem to
go that you don't know what you've got till it's gone?"
My hope for this study is that people are given an opportunity to learn and
appreciate what they have while they have it and perhaps collectively we can
keep these significant, strong but silent, members of our community around for a
long time. The trees can't speak for themselves; that is the responsibility of the
citizens.
These trees are out here standing on the street corner, down an alleyway, in the
parking lot or in your back yard. We don't have to spend "a dollar and a half just
to see "em", but if we do invest in long-term proper tree care and management
they just may continue to provide beauty and historical continuity for generations
to come. Those future generations will appreciate our efforts and they will not
have to go to a tree museum, at least not in the City of Carlsbad.
For humankind, the trees—their roots in the ground, their heads
reaching into the sky—have seemed always to bind together the
universe. Throughout the ages, humankind has looked to the tree to
feed not only the flesh, but the spirit.
George Nakashima, foreword, "The Soul of a Tree"
Vll
ASSIGNMENT
I was asked to review all of the trees growing in the Old Carlsbad Village Area for
consideration as candidates for Heritage Tree status. Please refer to the map of
the study area in Appendix A. Significant trees were then selected for further
evaluation, inventory and listing. Heritage Trees are defined by Carlsbad City
Ordinance as "Heritage trees shall be trees with notable historic interest or trees
of an unusual species or size." The 110 trees listed in this report are
recommended for consideration by the Carlsbad City Council for designation as
Heritage Trees.
The trees were evaluated by walking every public street, alley, parking lot and
park, and public space in the study area. The list includes primarily trees in the
public right-of-way and park sites, but also includes trees on private property that
can readily be viewed from a public street, alley or sidewalk. Lack of access
limited the evaluation of trees on private property to readily observable trees and
conditions.
The data collected for the inventory included: the genus and species, street
address and location, tree site number, height, canopy spread and DBH
(Diameter Breast Height) as well as the condition, vigor and ownership of each
tree. In some locations of uniform street tree plantings or groves the trees were
not individually listed, but the largest representative was evaluated. The trees on
private property were not measured, but their size and condition was estimated.
A search of historic photographs and archival material related to trees in
Carlsbad was performed with assistance from many individuals. The study
includes information on trees with known historic or cultural significance and
Appendix I is a collection of newspaper articles and other printed information
related to trees.
A comparative research of over a dozen books on trees provided the information
included under the detailed descriptions for each genus and species. Technical
descriptions often varied from one source to another. The final descriptions draw
heavily on published sources. No citation is provided when a number of sources
utilized for comparison purposes contained the same or similar information.
Descriptions in this study which may be similar to published sources are due to
the fact that certain characteristics of trees can only be described in limited ways
and these have already been described by others.
After the inventory data and research information was collected and analyzed,
this report, including the Management Recommendations, was prepared.
The 110 trees listed in this report are considered worthy of designation as
Heritage Trees because of their species, rarity, size, age, shape, historic, or
cultural significance. Many other trees were originally considered, but this list is
representative of the most noteworthy trees in the study area.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Before the European exploration and settlement only native trees and plants
were to be found in this area. Oaks grew in canyons and along natural drainage
paths down the hillsides where additional water collected. Sycamore, willows,
alders and cottonwood grew along creeks or other watercourses where the water
table was high and where they benefited from periodic stream flows. Pines grew
further south in the area of present day Del Mar and the Torrey Pines State
Reserve. These trees were adapted to the climatic conditions including the low
amounts of rainfall in the winter and spring followed by a long dry season and
occasional droughts. They existed where they could obtain the necessary
amount of moisture to sustain growth. The more exposed hillsides were covered
with lower growing chaparral plants that had even lower water requirements and
could flourish on the infrequent rainfall.
Trees were utilized by the native Indian people for many of the necessities of life.
The oaks produced acorns and pines produced nuts, both of which were relied
upon as food sources. Willows and alders were a source of materials for shelter,
tools, weaving and weapons. The wood from the trees was used for cooking
fires.
The early Spanish explorers did not find the coastal region with its trees and
plants too different from their own Mediterranean region and climate. Even some
of the trees, particularly the oaks that they called Encina, were similar to those
they knew from home.
The Franciscan friars, as they established the extension of their chain of
missions from Mexico to Baja to Alta California, introduced many fruit and
ornamental trees to the State. The fruit trees included olives, dates, figs,
oranges, lemons, limes, pomegranates, plums, peaches, cherries, pears,
apricots and almonds. Not all of these were well adapted to the warm winter
climate of this area. Many did thrive and provided a variety of food for the mission
tables. The misnamed "California Pepper" tree, introduced at San Luis Rey
Mission, was planted in the 1830's from seeds collected in Peru and still
survives. It is honored each year with its own celebration. Oaks were harvested
for charcoal production and were also used in tanning hides. (Wisniewski pg. 2)
Cuttings or offspring of many of these introduced trees found their way to the
homesteads and farms of early ranchers and later settlers.
Early Carlsbad settlers were mostly farmers. Former Carlsbad mayor and
seedsman Charles Ledgerwood was quoted in the North county Times 03/21/99,
"At that time (1933) there were about 1,000 people in Carlsbad and 90 percent of
them were farmers."
With the development of reliable sources of water for irrigation the farmers were
able to grow fruit trees in a great variety and abundance. Many of these trees
were considered to be exotic at the time they were first planted. The first planting
of avocados was made by Sam Thompson in 1916. They soon became such a
large part of the local economy that annual Avocado days was the festive
highlight of the community and drew visitors from the surrounding communities
and throughout Southern California. "Discontinued before World War II, the affair
will long be remembered by many Southern Californians as one of the
outstanding fair-type celebrations in the state...At noon a splendid avocado
luncheon was provided free to everybody. This consisted of avocado salad,
avocado sandwiches, avocado ice cream, avocado cake, and coffee." Crowds as
large as ten thousand people often attended these "Avocado Days" celebrations.
(Avocado Annual Report)
Carlsbad also touted itself as "The Home of the Avocado." This moniker was
used in promoting the community and the sale of real estate. A few acres of
producing avocados could provide a comfortable income in the 1920's and 30's.
Peak production of avocados occurred in 1947-48. Increased housing pressure
and rising property values and deteriorating water quality eventually made
avocado growing no longer profitable. Many groves were then subdivided for
home sites, a victim of their own success of attracting people to Carlsbad.
Sam Thompson and his son George also planted other fruit trees. At one San
Diego County Fair, George won 21 prizes. "In the display were Sapotas, Feijoas,
Passion Fruit, Cheramoya, or, as it is commonly known, Custard apple, and the
Chinese fruit jujube. The Thompsons are now experimenting with the growing of
mangoes and papayas" (see full article in Appendix I). Although some changes in
the spelling of these fruits have occurred, this was an amazing variety at the time
and didn't even include several varieties of guava that were also grown in the
area.
With irrigation water available people planted not just fruit trees for food at home
and for sale, but also shade and blooming ornamental trees from all over the
world. Early Carlsbad photos show newly planted Cupressus sempervirens -
Monterey cypress growing at the train depot. They were planted all along the
train tracks through town where they would have formed an impressive wall of
green as well as a wind break for ocean breezes. Ten of these trees still exist,
but only nine are still alive.
Most of the east-west streets in the village area were named after trees. Starting
from south to north, they included Chestnut, Sycamore, Walnut, Pine, Oak, Elm
(now Carlsbad Village Drive), Cedar (now Christiansen Way), Beech and
Cypress Avenues. Savvy real estate developers have relied on naming streets
after trees all across the country. Trees are used for street names because they
are easy to remember for the newcomers and they evoke memories of those
same trees that they remember from their previous homes, often on the east
coast. Tree names just sound homey and solid. Beech, elm and chestnut were
not California trees.
After the streets were named for trees the early town fathers then planted the
fastest growing trees they could find to give the community's streets that shaded
tree-canopied look that was prevalent back east. In Carlsbad one of the main
trees of choice was a number of the fast-growing eucalyptus species from
Australia. Aerial and other photos form the 1920's show many tree-lined streets
with tree canopies extending completely over and shading the streets.
Trees seemed to be a part of every man's plan to make money and be
successful in early Carlsbad. One of the most ambitious projects "...was initiated
in 1907 when Oceanside nurseryman P.P. Hosp translated a coming need for
railroad ties into a plantation of Australian eucalyptus trees on a canyon hillside
at the northeast end of Carlsbad, overlooking Buena Vista Lagoon. He sold his
idea to three Los Angeles businessmen who with him put $1,500 each in to the
Hosp Eucalyptus Company. The outside investors, McGee, Martin and Whitaker,
received 125 shares each in the projected returns from the trees, which were
planted on 219 acres purchased from J.F. and Maria Connell of San Diego.
Hosp planned to plant 1,082 trees per acre, and he guaranteed that his seedlings
would be alive and well twelve months after planting. But when a year had
passed and only 40,000 trees had been planted on forty-five acres, he had to
come back to his principals for more capital. Instead of the $2-million profit they
had anticipated McGee, Martin and Whitaker soon were confronted with further
losses as they tried to protect their original investment.
The dream came to a dismal end when the first trees were harvested and the
newly cut timber resisted all but the most violent attempts to make it usable.
Although the logs cut like butter when still wet and green, the tough fibrous wood
dried hard as flint. The first time Hosp tried to split a seasoned log, his axe stuck
fast in the wood and could scarcely be removed. It did not take long to realize
that such wood was not to be milled. The trees were left to become a dense
grove that only recently has been eroded by residential development." (Jones
pgs. 65-66)
Walking the streets of the Carlsbad Village area today one can see trees from
every continent except Antarctica, which doesn't have any trees. There are trees
not just from Australia, but also Africa, Asia, North, South and Central America,
Europe, and islands in the South Pacific. To find many of the older trees you just
have to look at the skyline. Pick out the tall trees that you can see from a
distance and walk toward them. Many of these are the trees recommended as
Heritage Trees in this report.
Trees not only were planted and cared for; they have also been defended against
those who would remove these living records of Carlsbad's past. Kay
Christiansen in 1986 tried to stop the removal of a Torrey pine that was a gift to
Mr. & Mrs. Mark Koffin from Kate Sessions, who is known as the "Mother of
Balboa Park." She was unsuccessful in her effort (refer to Appendix I).
Several of the trees on this proposed Heritage Tree list have been threatened
with removal in the past. They were saved by the combined efforts of many
individual concerned community members who found they could educate and
sway City Hall with information, research and a love for history and beauty. Some
people have not only invested their time and money into these efforts, some have
literally risked their lives to try and protect and save these irreplaceable trees.
This past year two Phoenix canariensis - Canary Island palm trees, which are
included on this Heritage Tree list as #12, were saved from being removed by the
action of numerous concerned citizens with help from the media. Several
newspapers and TV stations carried reports about the efforts to save the trees.
The trees were to be removed because a tree trimmer while pruning one of the
trees was attacked by a swarm of killer bees. Although being stung numerous
times he managed to climb down to the ground from the top of the tree which is
some 70' tall. He then went into cardiac arrest and was only saved by being
given immediate CPR by other members of the tree crew before paramedics
arrived and took him to a hospital where he recovered. The man was Rich
Magargal, a professional tree trimmer and arborist, and a personal acquaintance
of the author. Rich told me later that when he first came down from the tree he
felt certain that he was going to die right there on the ground.
The Board of Directors of the Condominium Association that owned the trees felt
that the trees now represented a hazard and should be removed. Other owners
and residents in the Association felt that the trees were a valuable asset to the
Association and the community and should be saved. Numerous discussions
were held, newspapers articles written, TV stories aired, but the most dramatic
information came from the tree trimmer who had almost lost his life pruning the
trees. During one television interview Rich Magargal said that he felt so strongly
about these special trees that he wanted to prune and save these trees. If
necessary, he would volunteer to prune them and do his work at no charge.
Besides, he said, "I haven't finished the job." Those are the words of a true
professional and a man who knows, values and loves trees. Trees sometimes
need to have champions and heroes.
In all countries where trees grow, the noblest specimens
ought to be preserved as national monuments since...no
nation can boast anything more magnificent than the forest
giants Nature gave it.
Ernest H. Wilson, "Aristocrats of the Trees"
HERITAGE TREES
The 110 trees in the following list are recommended for the designation of
Heritage Trees. They individually possess characteristics that make them unique.
Some trees are listed because of their species, others because of their rarity.
There are many trees on this list which have great size which is also usually an
indicator of age. Some of these trees may also have a unique shape or
branching structure, flowers or seed pods. One tree is a relic native tree, others
are remnants of the groves and orchards that made Carlsbad an important
agricultural community and fueled its growth. These trees collectively have
significant historic and cultural importance to this City and add to its beauty and
charm.
Many other trees were reviewed and considered. These were further evaluated,
some as many as seven times, in order to select the best candidates for
consideration as Heritage Trees.
The following list of 110 trees is arranged alphabetically by their genus and
species names in Latin. This is the normally accepted manner of listing trees and
plants in horticultural books and studies. The Latin names are used because they
are universally recognized around the world as the scientifically correct name.
However, even these names often get changed over time. In this case previous
names or other names that the trees have been known by are also included.
Common names are included but are often a source more of confusion than
enlightenment as at times more than one plant may be called by the same name.
Place or country or continent of origin is listed as well as a range when that is of
interest. Other more scientific texts will provide exact descriptions of habitat
limits.
This is a study of a general nature rather than a scientific treatise. A general,
rather than scientific, description is provided of the trees. More noteworthy or
obvious unique characteristics that may be of interest to the nonprofessional are
included. Since many trees are included that may offer educational opportunities
for school or library programs, the approach and intent of the author was to offer
botanical details and information in a non-technical manner.
A man does not plant a tree for himself; he plants it for posterity.
Alexander Smith, 1863
11
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
ACACIA MELANOXYLON BLACKWOOD ACACIA #58-3354 MADISON ST. Australia
Located off the alley this evergreen tree is covered with ivy. A tough tree previously much used in
landscapes because of its ability to thrive in intense heat, drought, poor soil and coastal winds. A reminder
of earlier landscape plant preferences. "The wood has been used in Australia for cabinetry, decorative work,
veneer, and furniture." (McClintock pg.27)
A. SPP. (SPECIES UNKNOWN) NAME UNKNOWN #85-3081 HIGHLAND DR.
SHAW HOUSE on Oak Ave. Interesting evergreen tree with finely divided leaves with nice full canopy.
Anyone who can make a positive identification please contact the author of this report at 760-436-5308.
AGATHIS ROBUST A DAMMAR PINE #55-3156 HARDING ST. Queensland
(aka QUEENSLAND KAURI) Australia
Not a true pine, but a cone-bearing evergreen tree of unusual shape, a tall columnar form with strong trunk
and short limbs. Not widely planted in Southern California. Rare in San Diego County. A few larger
specimens are located in Balboa Pak in San Diego. In its native habitat it is an important timber tree growing
from "120 to 140 feet tall and 3 to 4 feet in diameter." (McClintock pg. 41) Reported by Tanya Sternberg to
have been planted by a woman who grew plants for Quail Botanical Garden in Encinitas.
AGONIS FLEXUOSA PEPPERMINT TREE #98-HOLIDAY PARK Western
(aka AUSTRALIAN WILLOW MYRTLE) Australia
This cabled specimen near the north side of the park has extensive splits along its furrowed trunk. Willow-
like leaves smell like peppermint when crushed. With age this evergreen tree develops a graceful form
similar to a weeping willow. The small white flowers are grouped in clusters.
ARAUCARIA BIDWILLII BUNYA-BUNYA #104-HOLIDAY PARK Queensland
(aka BUNYA-PINE) Australia
Large evergreen tree with rounded canopy near south end of park. Branches densely covered with flat
sharp-pointed, glossy dark green leaves. Horizontal branches dip downward and then turn up at the ends.
Cones 7"-10" long by 6"-8" wide, weighing up to 10 pounds are pineapple-shaped, can be dangerous when
they fall from the tree." The large edible seeds, the bunya nuts, were a staple food of Australian Aborigines.
They are starchy, with something of the texture of a boiled potato, and were eaten raw, roasted, ground into
flour, or boiled." (McClintock pg. 47)
A. HETEROPHYLLA NORFOLK ISLAND PINE #18-2605 CARLSBAD BLVD. Norfolk Island near
(aka A. EXCELSA) (aka STAR PINE) Australia
RED APPLE INN/ARMY NAVY ACADEMY - There are many examples of this evergreen tree scattered on
the grounds with the largest specimen located in front of the administration building and north of main entry
walk. This formal pyramidal shaped tree with horizontal spreading branches can reach 100' tall and is used
as a Christmas tree in Hawaii. Cones on old trees are round and 4"-6" in diameter. Both the island and the
tree were discovered by Captain James Cook in 1774 on his second voyage. He called this tree a spruce-
pine. (McClintock pg. 49)
A. CUNNINHAMII HOOP PINE #103-HOLIDAY PARK Australia
This specimen at the southwestern edge of the park is a narrow upright evergreen tree with awl-shaped
needles similar to A. heterophylla clothed with small leaves. Identified by Dan Simpson as being uncommon
in the area and in the state. "The wood of hoop pine, just as that of bunya-bunya, has several economic
uses in Australia..." (McClintock pg. 48)
"European explorers who first discovered the trees now placed in the genera Araucaria and Agathis called
them pines because they were evergreen and superficially resembled familiar European cone-bearing
trees." (McClintock pg. 48)
13
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
BAUHINIA VARIEGATA PURPLE ORCHID TREE #64-1231 BASSWOOD AVE. India & China
(aka B. PURPUREA)
This deciduous tree dominates the west side of this property. Flowering reaches a peak in spring on bare
branches. Flowers which resemble orchids have broad petals and are light pink to orchid purple in color with
white patches. Leaves are broad with two lobes.
BRACHYCHITON DISCOLOR PINK FLAME TREE #46-675 CARLSBAD VILLAGE DR. Australia
(aka STERCULIA DISCOLOR)
Located on Madison St. Unusual, briefly deciduous tree, with a bottle-shaped trunk. Large bell-shaped pink
flowers appear in summer. Leaves, 6" wide, are blue-green in color with a whitish underside.
CALLISTEMON RIGIDUS STIFF BOTTLEBRUSH #88-1173 OAK AVE. Australia
This evergreen specimen in the middle of the front yard has a rugged massive trunk and an interesting
shape for a small tree. Red flowers like bottle brushes bloom in spring and summer. The narrow leaves are
very stiff (rigid).
CASIMIORA EDULIS WHITE SAPOTE #83-3140 HIGHLAND DR. Mexico &
(aka MEXICAN APPLE) Central America
CULVER/MYERS HOUSE - Located on Highland Drive this low-branched tree at the top of the slope has a
pronounced swollen trunk.
#91-1103 OAK AVE.
This double-trunked tree is located along the street to the east side of the lot.
This evergreen species can withstand more cold than avocados. It produces a heavy crop of round 3"-4" fruit
with pale-green to yellow skin. A mature tree can produce several hundred pounds of fruit each year. Flesh
is white to creamy-yellow and has a tropical flavor like sweet banana, bland peach or both and a custard-like
consistency. Tree ripened fruit is best eaten with a spoon. The leaves are a bright green with the leaflets
arranged around the stem.
CERATONIA SILIQUA CAROB #57-3880 HARDING ST. Mediterranean
(aka ST. JOHN'S BREAD) Region
This tree located along Chestnut Ave. is the largest carob in study area.
#44-2812 ROOSEVELT ST.
Located to the southwest corner of the building in the patio area. As reported by Houston Tucker, Tree #44
is about the same size as it was in 1955 when he planted his tree, #B at 2810 Madison St. Refer to the
listing of "other trees and plants of unusual note or interest" at tend of this section for additional information
on this tree.
This evergreen tree has light green leathery leaves. The fruit of the carob is a flat leathery pod. "These pods
have a high nutritional value and a sweet mealy flavor. Historically, they served as the principal food supply
for Wellington's army in the fight against Napoleon, and they are supposed to have been the 'locusts and
wild honey' St. John ate in the wilderness. Today they are ground and used for bread and as an ingredient
of cereal, candy, spirits and syrup." (Maino pg. 112)
Mr. Tucker said that the fallen ripe fruit from his tree was collected by a local man by the sackful. Mr. Tucker,
by chance, found them for sale in a health food store in Renton, Washington and labeled as "Carlsbad
Carob."
CHIRANTHODENDRON MONKEY HAND #94-HOLIDAY PARK Mexico &
PENTADACTYLON (aka MEXICAN HAND PLANT) Guatemala
Identified by Dan Simpson who claimed that it was an unusual evergreen tree for the San Diego area and a
large specimen. The name derives from the shape of the leaves which resemble a hand.
15
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST- 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
CHORISIASPECIOSA FLOSS SILK TREE #26-421 GRAND AVE. South America
Thick spines on the heavy trunk are just one unique characteristic of this deciduous tree. Hibiscus-like
flowers, which appear after leaf drop in the fall, are 4" across and may be pink, burgundy or a purplish rose
in color. The "silk" from the opening seed pods is the source of kapok which has been used for stuffing
pillows and mattresses.
CINNAMOMUM CAMPHORA CAMPHOR TREE #51-3091 JEFFERSON ST. China & Japan
One of the best shaped trees in the study area. The full canopy of this evergreen tree covers most of the
residence. This beautiful specimen appears to have required or received little pruning during its lifetime. The
young leaves are a pinkish bronze color when they first open. They then turn a light green and in the winter
have a yellowish-bronze cast. The leaves and twigs of this species are the source of commercial camphor.
When crushed, the leaves give off a pleasant camphor odor.
CITRUS SINENSIS ORANGE TREE #43-2777 ROOSEVELT ST. China
'VALENCIA'
This evergreen tree, located in the south end of the patio near the sidewalk, appears to be a remnant of a
home orchard. The fragrant white blossoms appear in the spring while the orange colored fruit from the
previous season is still ripening and hanging on the tree. The fruit is used primarily for its juice, especially in
Florida.
CUPRESSUS MACROCARPA MONTEREY CYPRESS #5-357 CHESTNUT AVE. California
Located in the railroad right-of-way, the largest of nine live and one dead evergreen trees remaining from
plantings that once lined the railroad tracks in town. Some of the earliest photos show numerous trees 3'-5'
tall. As they grew this wall of green must have been quite attractive as well as serving as a wind break from
prevailing ocean winds. Trees were also planted in stands and as street trees along roads. Many trees
appear to have been pruned as hedges and topiaries in residential gardens. This species grows naturally
only on the Monterey peninsula where it is found in picturesque wind shaped stands and as contorted
individual trees at Cypress Point and in Point Lobos State Park often growing right at the edge of ocean
cliffs. "Its distribution is the most restricted of any California tree and perhaps of any conifer in the
world...Monterey cypress is listed in the California Native Plant Society's Inventory as endangered in part of
its range." (McClintock pg. 75)
DODONAEA VISCOSA HOP BUSH #28-2956 ROOSEVELT ST. #3 Arizona - Hawaii
(aka HOPSEED BUSH) & New Zealand
Usually seen in the landscape as a shrub, this small evergreen tree at the southwest corner of the building in
this location has gray shaggy bark and dark green willow-like leaves. Widely distributed in the warmer parts
of all continents except Europe and Antarctica. Early Australian settlers used the fruits as a substitute for
hops. (McClintock pg. 82) Papery seed capsules, which may be red, pink, yellow, tan or green, form in late
spring or summer following inconspicuous flowers. The seed capsules are used for leis in Hawaii.
DOMBEYA WALLICHII DOMBEYA #50-3048 JEFFERSON ST. Madagascar
(variety- 'BITTERNETIA HYDRANGEA LIGHT' note: spelling not verified)
HESS HOUSE - This tree is located in front of the house along the south side of the property where the
branches overhang both the house and the sidewalk. The tree is covered with large pendulous pink
hydrangea-like flowers with dried flowers remaining on the tree. This amazing tree sports a maze of
branches because of the relatively little pruning it has received over the years. Some pruning to provide an
arbor-like passage for pedestrians on the sidewalk and more severe pruning from the adjoining commercial
property have taken little away from this remarkable tree. Reported by Craig Turner, a resident on the
property, to have been planted by Mrs. Hess over 75 years ago. He also reported that the variety was
identified by Virginia Tacket, the niece of the original owner. This tree is in the same plant family as the
Brachychtion discolor-Tree #46.
17
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST- 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
DRACAENA DRACO DRAGON TREE #79-1166 CARLSBAD VILLAGE DR. Canary Islands
PARK MAINTENANCE & ADMINISTRATION OFFICE - This evergreen tree has a stout smooth gray trunk
and large 2' sword-like leaves. Flowers are clusters of greenish white and form at the ends of the branches.
Grows to 60' tall in its native habitat. "It attains great age, one specimen, at Teneriffe, which was blown
down in 1868, was famous for centuries and was long believed to be the oldest tree in the world. When
blown down it was 70' high and had a trunk girth of almost 45' feet." (Everett pg. 86) The sap is red and is
called "Dragon's Blood". Dried it is used for coloring in varnishes and is reported to have been used to
impart its distinctive color to the Stradivarius violins.
DURANTA ERECTA SKY FLOWER #35-2865 JEFFERSON ST So. Florida, West
(aka D. REPENS, (aka GOLDEN DEW, PIGEON BERRY Indies & Mexico to
D. PLUMIERI) Brazil
This small evergreen tree is located at the southeast (front) corner of the house and looks like a sprawling
shrub, which is a typical growth habit. Normally this plant grows only to 6'-10' wide. The common names
come from the tubular shaped violet-blue flowers and the clusters of waxy yellow berries that grow from 1"-
6" long.
ERYTHRINA CAFFRA CORAL TREE #27-507 GRAND AVE. South Africa
(aka E. CONSTANTIANA) #40-LT. MAXTON BROWN PARK
The "coral" refers to the large clusters of deep red-orange tubular flowers that appear from February to
March, primarily on the ends of the bare angular branches. The flowers can drip nectar. The tree is briefly
deciduous with light green foliage following the flowers. The large trunk and limbs have a yellowish color
and are studded with sharp thorns. Many coral tree owners never experience the full beauty of the flowers
because they often prune their trees in winter before bloom and remove the terminal flowers. The best time
to prune is just after the blooming period is finished because it takes up to eleven months for flower buds to
form.
Note: The bean-like pods contain poisonous seeds.
EUCALYTUS CITRIODORA LEMON-SCENTED GUM #102-HOLIDAY PARK Eastern
(aka CORYMBIA CITRIODORA Australia
One of a group of five tall evergreen trees located near the center of the park south of the bandstand. This
species is known for its smooth straight trunk. When the deciduous bark drops in early summer the new
white or pinkish bark is revealed. The lower half to almost two-thirds of the trunk can be bare of branches.
Inconspicuous clusters of white flowers occur in the fall. The name is derived from the foliage which gives
off a pleasant lemon-citrus odor, especially after a rain storm.
E. CLADOCALYX SUGAR GUM #2-395 CARLSBAD VILLAGE DR. South
(aka E. CORYNOCALYX) #16-380 CHRISTIANSEN WAY Australia
#30-600 BLOCK GRAND AVE.
#32-2910 JEFFERSON ST. (located on Grand Ave.)
#33-865 GRAND AVE.
#63-500 BLOCK OAK AVE.
#93-HOLIDAY PARK
#95-HOLIDAY PARK.
#96-HOLIDAY PARK
Many very large specimens of this evergreen species grow throughout the study area. Only the largest most
impressive trees are on this list. One of the largest is Tree #63 which has a diameter of 8' at breast height
(54" above the ground) and a swollen base that has a diameter of 14' at ground level. Some of the other E
cladocalyx have a wider canopy spread such as Trees #16 and #95 or are taller such as Tree #95, but this is
one of the most impressive skyline trees in town. Many of these exceed the heights and canopy spread that
is listed in the literature. Don Langley who lived in Australia said that Tree #63 was bigger than any he knew
of there. The new foliage is a coppery red color and the creamy white flowers are inconspicuous.
19
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
E. CONFERRUMINATA BUSHY YATE #39-LT. MAXTON BROWN PARK West Australia
(formerly E. LEHMANNII) LEHMANN'S MALLEE
Located along the east side of the park this spreading evergreen tree has almost twice the canopy spread
as noted in the literature for this species. This tree appears to have lost some branches recently and has
also suffered from some poor pruning. Some of the light green 2" long leaves may turn red in the fall. It has
green flowers in 4" clusters and large woody seed capsules that remain attached to the branches.
E. FICIFOLIA RED-FLOWERING GUM #7-3288 GARFIELD ST. West Australia
(aka CORYMBIA FICIFOLIA) (aka CRIMSON-FLOWERED EUCALYPTUS, SCARLET GUM)
This evergreen tree located just to the north of the house has a slightly swollen base which is common in
this species. The deep green thick leathery leaves can be similar in appearance to the rubber plant. The
showy 1" flowers are usually red in this species and occur in clusters up to a foot long. Peak bloom is in
summer, July to August, but may have some flowers through the year. Other flower colors include orange,
pink, salmon, cream or white. "Red-flowering gum has a restricted distribution in Australia...[l]s so rare that it
is included in a list of endangered Australian eucalyptus." (McClintock pg. 88)
E. GLOBULUS BLUE GUM Australia &
(aka TASMANIAN BLUE GUM) #9 -3003 CARLSBAD BLVD. Tasmania
COHN/ROYAL PALMS/FIDEL'S - Located to the southeast of the patio area surrounded by a sidewalk.
#31-2943 JEFFERSON ST. (located in alley)
#71-3384 HIGHLAND DR.
#72-3276 HIGHLAND DR.
The juvenile leaves are silvery in color and oval shaped. The mature leaves of this evergreen tree are dark
green, sickle-shaped and 6"-10" long. This species can grow to heights of 165' and develop a very large
massive trunk. It was widely planted throughout California for windbreaks and in plantations and groves. The
light brown bark peels off the trunks in large sheets in the fall. The creamy white flowers are inconspicuous.
The fruit is a button-shape capsule with 4 ribs and nearly 1" across. "Blue gum is the most commonly
planted eucalypt, not only in California but around the world." (McClintock pg 89) In many locations in this
state it has self-seeded and taken over native plant habitats.
E. POLYANTHEMOS SILVER DOLLAR GUM #21-164 PACIFIC AVE. Eastern Australia
(aka RED BOX)
This specimen is unusual for its multiple trunks and its large canopy. The evergreen foliage is distinctive for
its gray-green nearly round juvenile leaves about the size and color of silver dollars. The dark green mature
leaves are lance-shaped. The juvenile foliage is used in the floral industry for both fresh and dried
arrangements. The rough bark, which peels in flakes and strips, is gray in color.
E. VIMINALIS MANNA GUM #105-HOLIDAY PARK Australia &
(aka RIBBON GUM) Tasmania
The branches shed large strips (or ribbons) of deciduous tan bark and then reveal new white bark below.
This evergreen tree can grow to 150' tall and does best where it has a lot of room to grow such as in this
setting near the south end of the park. The flowers which are small and white are usually too high in the
canopy to be seen. "Manna gum has been given this common name because the bark exudes a pleasantly
tasting manna-like substance that Australian Aborigines used for food...[l]t is the chief food tree of koalas
and, because it is widely cultivated in California it is also used to feed koalas exhibited in California zoos."
(McClintock pg. 93)
21
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
FICUS MACROPHYLLA MORETON BAY FIG #10-3003 CARLSBAD BLVD. Australia -
Queensland & New
South Wales
COHN/ROYAL PALMS/FIDEL'S - the large evergreen tree covering the entry deck has an undated metal
tag that claims that the tree is "85 years old." The tag has been attached to the tree for a number of years.
The building was completed by Albert Cohn in 1929. If the landscaping was completed at the same time the
tree would have been planted 73 years before 2002. It is unlikely that the tree was planted before the
property was developed based on reviewing early aerial photos. The tree could have been either grown in a
container or field-transplanted as a large specimen. Any additional information would be interesting to
document.
#20-2605 CARLSBAD BLVD.
RED APPLE INN/ARMY NAVY ACADEMY - The Red Apple Inn was built in 1927 and presumably would
have been landscaped at about the same time. This large spreading specimen, located northeast of the
administration building, is the most massive tree in Carlsbad. It most likely predates the tree at Fidel's by a
couple of years, but it is substantially larger because it is growing in a more open setting and is not
constrained by buildings that require the Fidel's tree to be pruned more frequently in order to reduce the size
of its canopy. The species is known for its massive buttress roots that grow many feet from the trunk and
provide support for the large spreading canopy and huge limbs. Macrophylla refers to the large leathery
leaves 10" long and 4" wide which are glossy green on the top and brownish on the bottom.
Locally, this tree may be larger than a well known specimen in Balboa Park in San Diego that "stands alone
in a lawn to the north of the Natural History Museum. Planted in 1915 from a five-gallon can, it is over 60
feet tall and has a crown diameter of more than 100 feet." (McClintock pg. 96)
One of the best known specimens in the country is located in Santa Barbara just west of the train station.
"Planted in 1877 from a small flower pot by 9-year-old Adeline Crabb, in 1960 it had a trunk circumference of
30 !/2 feet and a crown spread of 145 feet despite pruning of lateral branches for building and traffic
clearance." (Muller pg. 102) An even larger specimen is located in Fig Tree Park in Los Angeles. "[T]his
specimen is the most massive cultivated tree in the greater Los Angeles area, surpassing an even more
famous tree of the same kind at the railroad station in Santa Barbara. It is close to 100 years old and nearly
100 feet tall, spreads over more than !4 acre and has a trunk that is an astounding 34 1/2 feet around." (Model
Pg. 35)
F. MICROCARPA INDIAN LAUREL FIG #23-2497 OCEAN ST. Malay to
(aka CHINESE BANYAN) #47-825 CARLSBAD VILLAGE DR. Borneo
(located on Jefferson St. - 2 matched trees)
#62-3150 ROOSEVELT ST.
#87-1340 OAK AVE.
These are the largest and some of the best examples of this species selected from the numerous choices
available in the study area. This evergreen tree is known for its smooth light-gray trunk and heavy canopy of
bright green 2"-4" long leaves. New leaves are light rose to chartreuse in color and are produced almost
continually. The tree often develops a weeping form if the lower branches are not removed and the tree is
not heavily pruned. This tree develops a vigorous root system and in moist locations numerous aerial roots.
F. RUBIGINOSA RUSTY LEAF FIG #53-897 OAK AVE Australia
Located near the northeast corner of the property this evergreen tree has developed an attractive low-
branching structure. The leaves are usually about 5" long, dark green above. The tree derives its name from
the rust-coloring and sometimes woolly texture on the undersides of the leaves.
23
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
FRAXINUS UHDEI EVERGREEN ASH #99-HOLIDAY PARK Mexico to
(aka SHAMEL ASH) Guatemala
Located just to the north of Tree #100 along Pio Pico Drive, tall evergreen to semi-evergreen tree with dark-
green leaves. Exceptionally large specimen. "It is frequently planted as a street tree in Mexican cities,
including Mexico City and Guadalajara." (McClintock pg. 97)
F. VELUTINA ARIZONA ASH #100-HOLIDAY PARK Mexico & SW U.S.
Located just to the south of Tree #100 along Pio Pico Drive, tall deciduous tree with light-green leaves and
bright yellow fall color. Exceptionally large specimen.
GREVILLEA ROBUSTA SILK OAK #82-1542 OAK AVE. Australia
(aka SILKY OAK)
SHIRLEY/DE LA MOTTE HOUSE - The tall tree located adjacent to the street at the east end of the
property. Fern-like leaves are dark green to golden-green on top and silvery and silky on the underside.
Profuse bloom in spring with large clusters of bright golden-orange flowers occurs when trees are
sometimes briefly deciduous. Flowers can produce large amounts of nectar for birds. Wood can be brittle
and branches can break from the tree. The oak part of common name comes from oak-like grain of the
wood. The wood is highly prized and valued by woodworkers and who often refer to it as "Lacewood"
because of its delicate appearance.
HYMENOSPORUM FLAVUM SWEETSHADE #76-1307 PINE AVE. Australia
Two upright, slender and open evergreen trees with smooth bark located in front of the house. Branches
grow in spaced tiers from the trunk. The common name derives from the wonderful orange blossom-like
fragrance of the blooms which appear in spring to early summer. The fragrance can carry for quite a
distance. The tubular flowers start as cream-colored deepening to golden-yellow and have a red marking in
the throat.
JACARANDA MIMOSIFOLIA JACARANDA #59-799 PINE AVE. Brazil
(aka J. ACUTIFOLIA, J. OVALIFOLIA)
CARLSBAD SENIOR CENTER - A multiple-trunk tree located along the west side of the parking lot.
#70-3454 HIGHLAND DR.
The tree is located at and overhangs the southwest corner of the house.
This species is partially deciduous, usually dropping leaves in February to March. The tree is normally bare
or with light foliage at the time it starts blooming. The lavender-blue 2" long tubular flowers appear in mid to
late spring, but blooms may continue into summer or even occasionally into fall. The leaves are very finely
divided and ferny looking. The brown flattened seed capsules hang on the tree and look like miniature
castanets. They are sometimes used in floral arrangements or can be strung and used for beads. This tree
was introduced into the nursery industry and popularized by Kate Sessions a well known horticulturalist and
nursery owner in the San Diego area. Highly prized for making heirloom quality furniture in Brazil, (personal
communication from Michael Mahoney)
JUNIPERUS CHINENIS HOLLYWOOD JUNIPER #67-3270 MCKINLEY ST. Los Angeles area
TORULOSA' (aka 'KAIZUKA') nursery
A multi-trunk evergreen tree located along the north side of the lot. This specimen is a larger and more
spreading than is typically found. Typical size is 15' tall by 10' wide. The name is derived from its irregular
and twisted appearance. This plant was also popularized by Kate Sessions and used frequently in the
gardens she designed and built. She also introduced many other new plants into the nursery industry.
25
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
LEPTOSPERMUM AUSTRALIAN TEA TREE #13-3080 LINCOLN ST. Australia
LAEVIGATUM
LUTHER GAGE HOUSE/MONTEREY CONDOMINIUMS - This spreading specimen is located on the north
side of the courtyard. Its evergreen foliage has been shaped into tufts concentrated at the ends of the
branches by a style of ornamental pruning called topiary. "Called tea tree because Captain Cook brewed a
tea from the leaves and gave it to his crew as a scurvy preventive." (Brenzel pg. 428) The twisted and
curving trunk and braches with the shedding bark give the tree a sculptural look. "This tea tree was among
the first trees from Australia to be introduced into California...[l]t was listed by William Walker in his Golden
Gate Nursery catalogue of 1858..." (McClintock pg. 112)
LEUCAENA GLAUCA WHITE POPINAC #60-3250 ROOSEVELT ST Mexico
Tropical America & Florida, Texas
Located in the northeast corner of the backyard of the house. This tree is best seen from the alley. The
owner related that this tree was grown from seeds that his uncle brought from Mexico. It has a smooth clean
gray trunk with very finely divided and fern-like foliage. The flowers are white balls about 1" diameter and
hang in clusters. They are followed by bean-like seed pods. This tree is in the Leguminosae family as are
the Acacias. Legumes have the ability to make (called fixing) their own nitrogen because of specialized
nodules that develop on their roots. This nitrogen acts like a fertilizer for the plant. This ability may help
account for the robust growth of this tree.
LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA AMERICAN SWEET GUM #109-HOLIDAY PARK Eastern U.S.
(aka AMERICAN STORAX) & Mexico, Central America
south to Nicaragua
This deciduous tree has a straight single trunk and a tapered shape. The leaves are palmate in shape with
5-7 lobes. This species is noted for its vibrant fall colors of reds and yellows. Some named varieties have fall
colors of maroon, yellow-orange, or pink. Green balls are clusters of tiny female flowers then the dried spiny
balls often hang on the tree or cover the ground after the seeds are shed. There can be a considerable
amount of debris from a large tree. The mass of surface roots is very noticeable on this tree and is common
for the species. This is one tree that should not be planted near any type of paving. This is about the only
tree in the park showing any amount of surface roots. This is a tree that is best planted in an open area like
it is here. The "liquid" refers to, "The resin, or storax, obtained from the tree is seldom used in the United
States, but in Mexico and Central America it is much used medicinally and for its fragrance... Bernal Diaz
del Castillo, who accompanied Hernando Cortes in 1519 during his conquest of the Aztec empire and
overthrow of the emperor Montezuma II, describes the emperor, after dining, inhaling smoke from tobacco
mixed with the resin." (McClintock pgs. 113-114).
MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA SOUTHERN MAGNOLIA #84-3125 HIGHLAND DR. Southern
(aka BULL BAY) U.S.
This large broad-leaf evergreen specimen dominates the backyard of the residence. The leaves are dark
green on top and a rusty-brown on the bottom. They are leathery and stiff 3"-10" long and 2"-4" wide. The
species is noted for its large fragrant pure-white to light-yellow colored blossoms. The flowers are cup-
shaped and can be 6"-10" across with fleshly petals. Bloom occurs throughout the year, but most heavily in
April to July. In the fall, brown cone-shaped fruits with bright red seeds decorate the tree. This is the noted
tree of southern plantations where its scent would fill the air on warm summer nights.
27
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
MELIA AZEDARACH TEXAS UMBRELLA TREE #38-2714 MADISON ST. China, Northern
'UMBRACULIFORMIS' India & the Himalayas
This deciduous tree is easily identified at this location by the tree house built into its canopy. The dome-
shaped canopy, which has a heavy cover of large feathery leaves in summer, gives this variety its common
name. The common name for the main species is Chinaberry because the fruit is a shiny smooth yellow ball
1/2 - %" in diameter. When dried they can be strung as beads. The lilac-colored flowers are fragrant and
appear in loose clusters up to 8" long in April to May and are followed by the yellow fruits. This tree is
tolerant of hot dry conditions and poor soil. This tree reseeds readily and produces a considerable amount of
litter.
Note: The fruit is poisonous if eaten by people, although it has been fed to cattle and birds eat the seeds.
METASEQUOIA DAWN REDWOOD #108 HOLIDAY PARK China
GLYPTOSTROBOIDES
This tall slender pyramid of a tree is a deciduous redwood related to the evergreen coast redwood (Sequoia
sempervirens - Tree #65) of northern California and the giant sequoia or big tree (Sequoiadendron
gigantea) of the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada. It is also related to the bald cypress (Taxodium)
species. The needles are a light green and soft to the touch compared to the stiff dark green needles of the
coast redwood. They turn a warm yellowish brown or take on a bronze color in the fall before they drop,
revealing an interesting silhouette of trunk and branches. The cones are small and the bark on young trees
is reddish, turning darker with age.
"Numerous kinds of trees living today have persisted with little or no change since remote geological times
and are well represented by ancient fossils. But the term "living fossil" seems to be applied chiefly to the
Metasequoia because it was described and named from fossil records before it was known to exist in
present world flora. The first living specimens—three of them—were discovered by a Chinese forester in
1941 not far from Chungking, but it was not until 1946 that the tree was identified as of a genus previously
unknown in a living state." The foliage is used as cattle fodder in the part of China where the tree grows
naturally. (Everett pg. 42)
Seed was first sent to the United States in 1946 to the Arnold Arboretum at Harvard University and then was
distributed to other universities, parks, botanical gardens and some individuals. One tree that still existed in
1996 in the remote village of Madaoqi, China was revered as the home of a god. This tree was estimated to
be over 450 years old. Many trees have been planted as street trees both in Madaoqi and throughout China.
(McClintock pgs. 130-131)
METROSIDEROS EXCELSUS NEW ZEALAND #22-2480 OCEAN ST. New Zealand
(aka M. EXCELSA & TOMENTOSUS) CHRISTMAS TREE (aka - POHUTUKAWA, RATA)
This evergreen multiple-trunk tree is located on the north side of the lot. Its common name derives from the
big clusters of dark red flowers that bloom in December (spring time) in New Zealand and were used by
early European settlers there as Christmas decorations. In California bloom is in late spring to early summer.
On older trees the leaves are dark green on the top with a white woolly underside. This is a tree that can
tolerate salt spray near the ocean. In areas of high humidity or frequent fog they can develop numerous
reddish-brown fibrous aerial roots hanging from the trunk and branches. It is native to New Zealand's North
Island forests and along its rocky seacoast. "[T]he Maoris called it pohutu-kawa, meaning salt sprinkled. The
Maoris revered the tree, and several of their legends about it have come down to us." (McClintock pg. 133)
"The name Metrosideros combines two Greek words: metra, meaning heartwood or core, and sideros,
meaning iron. It alludes to the hardness of the heartwood...In New Zealand, trees of metrosideros had
several uses. Of particular value was their hard, tough, durable wood, which was used at one time by the
Maoris and early European settlers in boatbuilding. Wood of Metrosideros excelsa was often used to hold
together boat hulls made of kauri (Agathis australis). The wood was also used in general carpentry.
Metrosideros excelsa also had medicinal uses: the nectar from flowers was used for sore throats, and an
infusion of the inner bark was a treatment for diarrhea." (McClintock pg. 132)
29
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
NERIUM OLEANDER OLEANDER #54-3115 HARDING ST. Mediterranean
Region
Although normally seen as an evergreen shrub, this unusually shaped tree with three trunks is growing in a
small raised planter at the edge of the sidewalk. The full extent of the branches is difficult to make out
because of intertwined branches from other trees. Bloom period extends from spring to late fall.
Note: All parts of this plant are poisonous if eaten. Smoke from burned prunings can also cause irritation.
OLEAEUROPAEA OLIVE #90-3050 PIO PICO DR. Mediterranean
Region
This is the largest of the 23 evergreen trees lining Oak Ave. at the rear of the addressed property. This tree
can survive and adapt to difficult growing conditions of poor soil, high heat and low rainfall. The trunks
becoming gnarled and developing swollen bases with age. The foliage is willow-like and a dull gray-green in
color above and silvery below. An abundant amount of small creamy-yellow flowers occur in mid-spring. The
olives turn black as they ripen and drop from the tree in early winter. The fruit is inedible without processing
to remove bitterness. This is normally done with a salt brine or vinegar to cure the fruit. Olive trees are one
of the most widely recognized trees around the world.
"Almost all of the olives cultivated in the United States are grown in California...There are said to be
commercially valuable trees 400 to 500 years old still bearing fruit in Greece, Italy and Spain...It is said that
in the Garden of Gethsemane there are still stumps of ancient olive trees believed to have sprouted from
trees that grew during Christ's lifetime. Olive wood is hard and heavy and has been used for making tools
and in cabinetwork. The use of the olive branch as a symbol for peace and goodwill predates Christianity;
the origin of the practice is obscure...Among the earliest trees to be introduced into California, olive was first
planted in 1769 at Mission San Diego from seeds brought from San Bias, Mexico, by Father Junipero Serra,
the mission's founder. From there, the tree was taken to other missions, and subsequently planted
throughout California for shade, ornament and fruit." (McClintock pgs 144-145) It has also been highly
prized for centuries for its oil.
PERSEA AMERICANA AVOCADO #49-3048 ROOSEVELT ST. Guatemala
(or may be P. drymifolia from Mexico)
HESS HOUSE - Large dark green tree located in the rear of the property, best seen from the alley
#66-3315MCKINLEYST.
There are several trees at this address, a remnant of a grove, with the largest tree located along Basswood
Ave.
Avocado trees are evergreen with large dark green leaves and a gray trunk. They are most noted and prized
for their fruit which can vary from green to purple to almost black on the outside with a yellowish oily
delicately flavored flesh on the inside. They used to be called alligator pears because of the rough texture of
the fruit.
Commercial avocado production was very important in the development of Carlsbad which was widely
promoted as "The Home of the Avocado." Many small groves were put in and attracted home buyers to the
area who could make a living off of their property. Avocado days in the 1920's also brought many visitors to
the city and promoted the crop by serving many food dishes prepared with avocados including avocado ice
cream.
31
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
PHOENIX CANARIENSIS CANARY ISLAND #6-350 CHESTNUT AVE. Canary Islands
DATE PALM #8-3288 GARFIELD ST. (six street trees)
#12-3080 LINCOLN ST.
LUTHER GAGE HOUSE/MONTEREY CONDMINIUMS (2 trees at entry walk)
#15-300 CARLSBAD VILLAGE DR. (in the courtyard)
#80-3016 HIGHLAND DR.
This large distinctive palm tree is imposing in its size and character wherever it is planted. These are some
of the largest and nicest specimens in the area. The two trees (#12) at the Monterey Condominiums are
particularly tall specimens and can be seen on the skyline from many locations in the city. The frond is
shaped like a feather and the crowns can reach 50' across. The trees are normally pruned to remove old
fronds and the frond bases are then shaped to have a "pineapple"-like ball below the remaining fronds. This
results in a diamond pattern on the trunk from the trimmed frond bases. The yellowish fruits are edible, but
do not compare in taste or quality to the date palm listed below. "Canary Island date palm was introduced
into California in the late 1800's." (McClintock pg. 149)
P. DACTYLIFERA DATE PALM #24-258 BEECH AVE. North Africa
SHIPLEY/MAGEE HOUSE - A group of trees located at the northwest corner of the house. The trunks of
these feather palms have developed a rugged weathered character over time. This is the palm one
associates with desert oases and Arabian Nights. The fruit that develops only on the female trees is ready to
eat when it is mature. Often it is steamed or processed to obtain its sugar which is of nutritional value. This
species has been cultivated for centuries as a food crop. It is an important economic resource in Africa and
the Middle East. In California it was introduced into cultivation in the Coachella Valley around 1900 where it
remains a significant crop plant. It is also valued as an ornamental tree. (Perry pg. 239)
PINUS HALEPENSIS ALEPPO PINE #42-2772 ROOSEVELT ST. Mediterranean
Located at the northwest corner of the Post Office. Region
#74-1366 PINE AVE.
The largest tree of a group of six street trees is the one furthest to the west with a double trunk. The location
under the power lines requires frequent and sometimes severe pruning of these trees.
This is a fairly fast growing evergreen conifer that tends to have an open canopy with age. The light green
needles are usually in bundles (called fascicles) of 2s and are 2 1/2" - 4" long. The cones are 3" long and are
oval to oblong in shape. They are stalked and bent backwards. This species is tolerant of poor soils, heat
and drought.
P. RADIATA MONTEREY PINE #56-799 PINE AVE. Central California
Coast
One of the largest street trees long Pine Ave. is located at the southwest corner of Pine Ave. and Harding
St. This evergreen conifer has a dense canopy with dark green needles in 3s and 2s and 3"-7" long. The
cones tend to be lopsided and persistent on the tree. They are 3"-6" long, oval-shaped and brown in color.
When planted in hot and dry locations in California this species tends to be short lived. These street trees
seem very well adapted to this area near the coast.
This tree grows naturally in only three areas along the Central Coast of California. "Because of its limited
distribution, Monterey pine is considered rare, but it is not an endangered species." (McClintock pg. 157)
World wide it is the most widely planted pine. "(l]ts most extensive plantings have been in the Southern
Hemisphere. There, it is the most common pine for reforestation and afforestation in South Africa, South
America, Australia, and New Zealand; it is harvested in those regions for both lumber and paper."
(McClintock pgs. 156-157)
33
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
P.TORREYANA TORREY PINE #11-3001 CARLSBAD BLVD. California &
Large specimen located on Carlsbad Village Drive, a skyline tree - frames a view of the ocean. San Diego Co.
#69-3546 HIGHLAND DR.
This is one of the biggest Torrey pines in the state at 100'-120' tall.
#73-3154 HIGHLAND DR.
#75-1308 PINE AVE.
#78-1166 CARLSBAD VILLAGE DR.
PARK MAINTENANCE & ADMINISTRATION OFFICE
The western-most of two trees at this location has a hand embossed metal sign that reads, TORREY PINE
PLANTED FROM SEED BY MRS. JAMES A. GREENWOOD PLEASE DON'T DISTURB." No date was
included.
#81-1542, 1546 & 1550 OAK AVE.
SHIRLEY/DE LA MOTTE HOUSE - Twelve trees remaining from those planted in the 1920's by Anne de la
Motte. She also planted a grove approximately 900 avocado trees on the property. Several of the Torrey
pine trees have heron nests in the tops of their canopies.
#106-HOLIDAY PARK - (Playground area)
This evergreen conifer is considered the rarest native pine in the United States. It grows naturally in only two
restricted locations, in Del Mar extending to the adjacent Torrey Pines State Reserve and on Santa Rosa
Island located off the coast from Santa Barbara. In its natural habitat at the State Reserve many of the trees
grow on rocky soil and exposed sandstone cliffs with little available water where they are shaped by ocean
winds and storms. The exposed trees tend to be short and twisted into picturesque shapes by the forces of
nature. In protected locations, or where it grows in deep fertile soil and is given supplemental watering, the
tree tends to be more pyramidal in shape and can reach monumental proportions. The needles in bundles of
5s vary in color from a light gray-green to dark green and are 3"-4 Vz long. Other sources say 8"-13" long.
(Perry pg. 247) The cones are roundish, 4"-6" long and a chocolate brown color. Several planted
specimens in the state are over 100 years old.
The seeds of the Torrey pine were a food source for native people in the area and the long stiff needles
were used for weaving baskets. The native people are reported to have used fire to control the growth of
understory plants around the trees. The tree was "[Njamed for John Torrey, one of the most distinguished
and best known American botanists of the nineteenth century." (McClintock pg. 201)
PITTOSPORUM TOBIRA TOBIRA #17-2680 CARLSBAD BLVD. Japan & China
(aka JAPANESE PITTOSPORUM, MOCK ORANGE)
OLD STATE FORESTRY HEADQUARTERS/CALIFORNIA PARKS DEPT. - Located at northwest tip of the
site adjacent to the sidewalk. This small evergreen tree is often seen as a shrub or pruned as a hedge. The
creamy-white blossoms which appear on the branches in terminal clusters in the spring have a very strong
fragrance of orange blossoms. Seeds produced after flowering are reddish in color and sticky to the touch. It
has dark green, thick, leathery leaves with the edges turned under. It is related to Hymenosporum flavum -
Sweetshade (Tree #76).
P. UNDULATUM VICTORIAN BOX #97-HOLIDAY PARK Australia, New
(aka ORANGE PITTOSPORUM) Zealand, Africa &
Asia
Located at the northwest corner of the park along Pio Pico Drive. An evergreen tree with a domed canopy
and a slightly rough textured gray trunk. The glossy leaves with a wavy (undulating) edge are 4"-6" long and
lance-shaped. The leaves vary in color from a light yellow-green to a deep green. Creamy-white blossoms
with an orange-like fragrance appear in the spring as terminal clusters. The round fruit are a yellow-orange
with sticky orange to reddish-black colored seeds. This tree is a large and very excellent specimen with a
well shaped canopy.
35
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
PLAT ANUS X ACERIFOLIA LONDON PLANE TREE #101 HOLIDAY PARK England
(aka P. X hispanica)
This large deciduous tree with the patchy shedding cream-colored bark is located near the center of the park
south of the bandstand. The large glossy leaves up to 10" across have 3 to 5 lobes and resemble maple
leaves. There are woolly hairs along veins on the bottom of the leaves. The fall leaf color is an
undistinguished dull yellowish-brown. The ball-like seed clusters either singly or in strings of two to four hang
on throughout the winter and can be used for seasonal floral arrangements. This tree is planted as a street
tree in many cities in Europe and the United States. In London, near where this hybrid originated, it has
been widely planted for over 300 years. It is sometimes pruned annually in a rather severe style called
pollarding that removes all the current growth of branches back to the point of origin. After years this results
in enlarged swollen ends of the main branches giving the tree a very unusual look. The most well known
example of this type of pruning in California is in Golden Gate Park at the Music Concourse in front of the
bandstand.
P. RACEMOSA CALIFORNIA SYCAMORE California &
(aka ALISO in Spanish) #41-BUENA VISTA LAGOON San Diego Co.
This appears to be the only naturally occurring native tree in this Heritage Tree study area, every other tree
in the area was planted. Located adjacent to Lt. Maxton Brown Park and State St.
#19-2605 CARLSBAD BLVD.
RED APPLE INN/ARMY NAVY ACADEMY - Located northeast of the Administration Building.
The California sycamore grows mainly in the Coast Ranges and foothills around the state and the county,
usually found near water or in riparian areas. There are surprisingly very few examples of this fine deciduous
tree planted in the study area. The leaves are maple-like with 3 to 5 deeply cut lobes. The leaves can vary
from 4"-12" long by 5" to as much as 18" wide. The leaves are a light green color on top and paler on the
bottom which is covered with yellowish hairs that can irritate skin. They turn a pale brown late in the
summer. The trunk peels in pieces like a jigsaw puzzle revealing colors of gray, white, tan, brown and green.
The trunk can be massive and often multi-trunked with branches that are usually twisted, contorted and grow
in a zig-zag pattern. This branching patter is the result of branch tip die-back due to a fungal disease called
anthracnose. Please note that this plant disease has no relation to the animal disease called anthrax which
has been much in the news lately. "To many, this is a signature species of western landscapes." (Perry pg.
249)
PODOCARPUS GRACILIOR FERN PINE #68-3437 HIGHLAND DR. East Africa
(aka P. ELONGATUS, (aka AFRICAN FERN PINE)
AFROCARPUS G., NAGEIA FALCATUS)
There are two large well-shaped round headed evergreen trees at this location. The leaves are 1"-2" long
and Vz" wide and vary in color from a grayish-green to a blush-green. The young leaves are a lighter and
sometimes brighter hue. The gray trunk tends to be straight and has flaking patches of bark. The flowers on
female trees are inconspicuous. There is much variability in shape and leaf size of plants that are grown
from seed and plants grown from cuttings. A very clean tree, except mature female trees may produce litter
from fruits.
PSIDIUM CATTLEIANUM STRAWBERRY GUAVA #61-3250 ROOSEVELT ST. Brazil
This low-branched spreading evergreen tree is located near the southeast corner of the house in the
backyard and is best seen from the alley. The smooth bark is reddish to gray brown in color. The new leaves
are bronze turning to a glossy green and becoming leathery as they mature. The white flowers about 1"
across occur throughout the year and develop into rounded berry-like edible fruits about 1" wide, dark red in
color to nearly black when mature. The flesh is white and has a sweet-tart flavor.
37
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
QUERCUS AGRIFOLA COAST LIVE OAK #107 HOLIDAY PARK California &
San Diego Co.
An evergreen native tree species located along the east side of the park. This is one of a very few native
oaks growing in the study area. The species is widely distributed throughout the state and its range extends
south into Baja, California. The trunks of the trees are gray and smooth when young developing a rougher
texture as they age. Old trees can grow to massive size with heavy wide spreading branches. Many Native
American tribes used the acorns as a staple food in their diets. "Early Spanish explorers in California found
and wrote about the coast live oaks, which they called enc/na...Jepson (1909) pointed out that the location
of the chain of Franciscan missions 'corresponded closely' with the distribution of coast live oak."
(McClintock pg. 176) The wood was used for lumber in building, in charcoal production and the bark was
used for the tanning of cattle hides. Many trees in natural stands have been cut for use as firewood.
SCHEFFLERA ACTINOPHYLLA OCTOPUS TREE #36-2865 JEFFERSON ST. Australia
(aka BRASSAIA ACTINOPHYLLA) (aka QUEENSLAND UMBRELLA TREE)
This slender evergreen tree with the open canopy is located against the north side of the house. "The
'umbrella' of the common name comes from the foliage form: the long-stalked, glossy bright green leaves
are divided into 7-16 large (to 1-ft.-long) leaflets that radiate outward like ribs of an umbrella. Foliage grows
in tiers. 'Octopus' refers to showy flower heads: narrow, raylike structures to 3 ft. long, set all along their
length with little blossoms, radiate from a central point. Flowers age from greenish yellow to pink to dark
red." (Brenzel pg. 601) This tree has a very tropical look and feel in the landscape.
SCHINUS MOLLE CALIFORNIA #3-390 OAK AVE. Peruvian Andes
PEPPER TREE
Located on Washington St. with large swollen trunk and rough textured red-brown bark.
#89-1139 OAK AVE.
Located in front yard near the northeast corner of the house.
This evergreen tree has a lacy delicate canopy with weeping or pendulous branches. The bright green
foliage is almost feathery in appearance. Tiny yellowish summer flowers give way to cluster of rose-colored
berries in the fall and winter. The berries are not true peppers. Since its first introduction into California at
Mission San Luis Rey in the 1830's the tree has become so widespread in the state that many think it is a
native tree. One of the first trees planted from seed at Mission San Luis Rey is still alive and is celebrated
each year with "Pepper Tree Day." Some specimens get quite massive with age and develop gnarled trunks
and branches. In many locations, except the desert, it can survive with no supplemental watering. Some
plants have escaped cultivation and have become established along watercourses.
S. POLYGAMOUS PERUVIAN PEPPER #110 HOLIDAY PARK Peru
Located east of the bandstand and just east of the Liquidambar styraciflua - Tree #109. The deep green
leaves are linear and about 1" long on this evergreen tree with textured gray bark. Clusters of yellow-green
summer flowers are inconspicuous and are followed by purple-black berries. (Perry pg. 283)
S. TEREBINTHIFOLIUS BRAZILIAN PEPPER #45-645 CARLSBAD VILLAGE DR. Brazil
This is a street tree located on Roosevelt St.
#92-1103 OAK AVE.
This tree is located along the road and just east of the driveway. The twisted branches form a maze of a
canopy.
This evergreen tree has leaves that are coarser, larger and darker green that S. molle. The tree produces an
abundant crop of showy bright red berries in the fall. The berries are sometimes dried and sold as pink
peppercorns. They can cause gastric distress if eaten in quantity. (Brenzel pg. 602) Because of the heavy
berry production, the plant self-seeds readily and has become an invasive pest in some locations.
39
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
SEQUOIA SEMPERVIRENS COAST REDWOOD #65-1284 BASSWOOD AVE. Coastal Central
California - Oregon
The tree at this location is the very tall conifer with the cone-shaped canopy. There are no lower branches
on the red brown trunk with fibrous bark. This species produces some of the tallest trees in the world
reaching heights of up to 367 feet. They are also some of the oldest trees, many living for over 1,000 years
and some for as long as 2,200 years. This is one of a few conifers that can reproduce vegetatively by
sprouting from the stump or root crown. (McClintock pg. 184) The main branches usually grow straight out
horizontally from the trunk and then curve up at the tips. This species is fast growing in its native habitat. A
young tree can grow 3'-5' a year and reach 70'-90' in 25 years. The wood is known for its high quality and
durability. The wood is resistant to insects and decay. It is easily worked and "Yes" the wood is red.
Even though this is an evergreen tree it is normal for the oldest leaves, and some short twigs, to change
from dark green to yellow, then brown and then drop off, usually in late summer. Small cones up to an inch
long are produced at the tips of some branches. They usually drop the year following initial growth, but some
may persist in the tree for up to ten years. The bark is from 2"-8" thick with high amounts of tannin and is
difficult to burn. (Huntington pgs. 44, 48, 50) Compare this tree to its deciduous relative from China,
Metasequoia glyptostroboides - dawn redwood (Tree #108) in Holiday Park.
STENOCARPUS SINUATUS FIREWHEEL TREE #1-ROTARY PARK New South Wales,
Australia
There are many examples of this species planted in the park. The largest tree is part of a grove planted to
the southeast of the gazebo. This is a slow growing evergreen tree. The large deep green shiny leaves are
leathery and irregularly lobed and can be up to 12" long. They are a distinctive identifying characteristic.
Sometimes on older trees the leaves are smaller and lance-shaped without lobes. The flowers are unusual
in many respects. The individual flowers are tiny and yellow produced at the ends of red stalks 1" long. They
are arranged in clusters form a central point like the spokes of a wheel, giving them their common name.
Fall is usually the peak flowering time, but flowers may appear at any time. The flowers sometimes grow
right on the bark along the trunk. Trees with a profusion of flowers can be spectacular. When the park was
originally designed by local landscape architect Ralph Wrisley over 40 years ago he wasn't aware that the
flower of this tree is the basis for the symbol of Rotary International. In Australia the wood has been used for
cabinet work and veneers and where abundant for general building purposes. It is close-grained, moderately
hard and durable. (McClintock pg. 190)
SYAGRUS ROMANZOFFIANUM QUEEN PALM #14-2978 CARLSBAD BLVD. Central Brazil
(ARECASTRUM Ft., COCOS PLUMOSA) (aka COCO PALM)
SCHUTTEATWIN INNS/NEIMAN'S - 1 of 15 trees
#86-3081 HIGHLAND DR.
SHAW HOUSE - 12 trees remaining in the back (west side) of the house, part of an original collection of
rare palms. This tall usually slender tree has a smooth gray straight trunk. The feather-like fronds are
arching and graceful. They are a glossy bright green to a gray-green in color and grow 10'-15' long. "Small
cream to yellow flowers turn into showy hanging clusters of green dates on 3' stalks. Fruits ripen in June and
turn orange before falling." (Mahoney, et. al. pg. 161)
SYZYGIUM PANICULATUM BRUSH CHERRY #77-1144 PINE AVE. Australia
(aka EUGENIA MYRTIFOLIA, E. PANICULATA) (aka AUSTRALIAN BRUSH CHERRY)
There are two upright trees at this location. Young leaves are a bronzy-red color while older leaves are dark
green, glossy and sometimes tinged with bronze. Small creamy white flowers in loose terminal clusters
appear in summer. They are followed by %" long edible rosy-purple fruit. The raw fruit has an insipid taste,
but is good when made into jelly.
41
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
TECOMA STANS YELLOW BELLS #48-3048 JEFFERSON ST. Southern U.S. to
(aka STENOLOBIUM STANS) (aka YELLOW TRUMPET FLOWER, YELLOW ELDER) Guatemala
HESS HOUSE - A small multi-trunked tree located near the sidewalk at the north end of the lot.
Distinguished by the large clusters of bright yellow trumpet-shaped flowers appearing from late spring to
early winter.
TIPUANATIPU TIPUTREE #29-2945 MADISON ST. Argentina, Bolivia
(aka ROSEWOOD, PRIDE OF BOLIVIA) & Southern Brazil
This tree is best appreciated from the alley. A great specimen that covers over a third of the lot and dwarfs
the house. This is such a marvelous tree with wide-spreading branches because it appears to have been
pruned very little over its lifetime. The owners of this special tree must have cared for it deeply to allow it the
freedom to grow uninhibited. The species typically has an umbrella shaped flattened crown that is wider than
it is high. The foliage is light green in color and is semi-evergreen to deciduous. The tree may be out of leaf
from January to May. "Blooms from late spring to early summer, bearing clusters of apricot to yellow, sweet
pea-shaped flowers; 2 Vz" seed pods follow the flowers." (Brenzel pg. 634) The San Diego nursery pioneer
and horticulturalist Kate Sessions introduced the tree into the nursery trade and helped to popularize its use.
ULMUS PARVIFOLIA CHINESE ELM #37-2801 JEFFERSON ST. China, Korea &
(aka CHINESE EVERGREEN ELM) Japan
The tree located north of the driveway was recently topped, cutting the large spreading canopy back to
branch stubs. The canopy before the topping was over 45'-60' tall and had a spread of between 60'-75'. The
natural canopy had strong arching look combined with some pendulous down-hanging smaller braches. The
species is variable from semi-evergreen to deciduous depending on the winter temperatures and the
individual tree's heredity. The bark on the trunk peels in patches creating a mottled pattern. Profuse fall
production of tan colored fruit in clusters. This tree was left on the Heritage Tree list despite the topping
because of its age and the large size of its remaining trunk and limb stubs. This is an example of how not to
prune a valuable mature tree.
WASHINGTONIA FILIFERA CALIFORNIA #52-3096 HARDING ST. California &
(aka BRAHEA FILAMENTOSA, FAN PALM Arizona
B. FILIFERA, PRITCHARDIA FILAMENTOSA, P. FILIFERA)
Two fan palms with stout trunks located off the alley. Unpruned trees develop a shaggy thatch skirt of
retained dead fronds and flower clusters surrounding the trunk. The leaves, 3'-6' across, are a light green
with a long stalk and stand apart in the open canopy. "Hundreds of fragrant, tiny, creamy-white, vase shaped
flowers in tight clusters all along the branches of 12-foot-long flower stalks. They somewhat resemble corn
tassels spreading out in the midst of the crown...Ovoid black fruits hanging in large clusters from the stalk.
They have a thin skin and a sugary, edible flesh and were used by the Indians for food." (Maine pg. 208)
W. ROBUSTA MEXICAN FAN PALM #4-379 PINE AVE. Southern California
(aka W. GRACILIS, W. SONORAE) & Mexico
A group of 4 very tall trees along the sidewalk. #25-2855 CARLSBAD BLVD.
CARLSBAD MINERAL SPRINGS HOTEL/CARLSBAD-BY-THE-SEA - 12 tall trees growing around the
grounds.
These trees have slender trunks that can reach 100' tall. It is often "slightly curved or bent and much
slimmer than that of W. filifera. Head of bright green foliage is more compact; leafstalks are shorter, with a
red streak on the undersides." (Brenzel pg. 651) Unpruned trunks develop a thatch skirt on the trunk as well.
Removed fronds leave a base attached to the trunk. The frond bases have been removed from these trees
by a process called "skinning" which leaves a smooth bare trunk. The summer flowers are also similar to W.
filifera spreading out horizontally from the fronds in the crown. The fruit is small black and round also like the
California fan palm was used by the Indians for food (Maino pg. 209)
43
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES AND TREES
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
YUCCA GLORIOSA SPANISH DAGGER #34-2879 JEFFERSON ST. Southeastern U.S.
(aka SOFT-TIP YUCCA)
This tree has a large swollen base and multiple gray trunks. The leaves vary from green to dark green and
are 1 '-2' long and have been described by the two different sources referred to as either "sharply pointed" or
"soft tipped". This discrepancy also results in the apparent conflict between the two common names, "large
clusters of showy white flowers occur on 2-3 ft. spikes in spring to summer." (Perry pg. 300)
"Plants sold under this name in the West are most likely a form of Y. elephantipes or a hybrid between that
form and Y. g/or/osa."(Brenzel pgs. 654-655)
45
CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002
OTHER TREES AND PLANTS OF UNUSUAL NOTE OR SPECIAL INTEREST IN THE STUDY
AREA.
GENUS/SPECIES COMMON NAME LOCATION/ADDRESS ORIGIN
BOUGAINVILLEA BOUGAINVILLEA #A-2550 CARLSBAD BLVD. South America
Located south of Scandia Motel and along the edge of the athletic field of the Army Navy Academy is a huge
sprawling vine that is spectacular in full bloom.
CERATONIA SILIQUA CAROB #B-2810 MADISON ST. Mediterranean
(aka ST. JOHNS BREAD) Region
This tree was planted in 1955 by Houston Tucker, who still lives on the property. He built the tree house in
the branches and has taught countless numbers of neighborhood children how to climb and to appreciate
trees. Refer to Certonia siliqua - Tree #44 for additional information.
EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI PENCIL TREE #C-3037 JEFFERSON ST. Africa
(aka MILK BUSH, PENCIL BUSH)
"Fast growing to possible 30' tall and 6' wide, usually much smaller. Single or multiple trunks support tangle
of light green, pencil-thick succulent branches with tiny leaves present only on actively growing tips. Flowers
are unimportant...Be sure to keep milky sap away from eyes, as it can cause severe damage." (Brenzel pg.
345)
FICUS RELIGIOSA PEEPPUL #D-2642 MADISON ST. India & Southeast
(aka BO-TREE)
Located in the front yard, the tree is about 10' tall with pale green leaves that can vary from 4" up to 7" in
size. The leaves move easily in the slightest breeze giving the tree a fluttering appearance. The tree is
briefly deciduous with leaves dropping completely in late spring to early summer. This is the tree that
Buddha was said to have meditated under while seeking enlightenment.
PALMS VARIOUS SPECIES #E-3369 ROOSEVELT ST. Various locations
This address has quite an interesting collection of palm trees of numerous species. Perhaps some of these
will become the Heritage Trees of the future.
PANDANUS TECTORIUS THATCH SCREWPINE #F-1315 PINE AVE. Tahiti
(aka PANDANUS PALM)
This very unusual plant is located east of the driveway. The tree is currently about 5' tall and has palm-like
leaves that wrap around the trunk in spirals giving the impression of the fluted ridges on a screw. "The fruits
and foliage resemble those of pineapples...the tough pliable leaves of screw-pines are plaited into mats,
screens, fans, sandals, hats and other articles. From the fragrant flowers perfumes and native medicines are
prepared. The fruits of some kinds are edible." (Everett pgs. 67-68)
46
SUMMARY
Many interesting pieces of information were discovered during the almost two
years that this study has encompassed. The following was extracted from the
inventory data and listing of 110 candidates for Heritage Tree status. The
observations are presented in no particular hierarchy of importance.
Only one tree in the entire study area, a Platanus racemosa - California
sycamore, Tree #41, growing along the edge of Buena Vista Lagoon, appears to
be a naturally occurring native tree. Every other tree in the area was planted.
What was surprising was that there were no identifiable remnants of stands of
native trees. That may have to do with topography more than anything else. The
land grades gently down from the high ridge east of Highland Drive to the Pacific
Ocean. There is a mesa above the beach with a moderate bluff. There are no
creeks, streams or natural drainage courses in the study area and all the land at
one time has either been tilled, planted or developed. If there were any native
trees in the area they were removed.
It was also surprising that there were very few trees native to the immediate area
planted as ornamentals even though these same trees are highly valued and
even revered in other communities in the state. Only three local native trees
made the list. Two P. racemosa - California sycamore, Trees #41 and #19
located on the former grounds of Apple Inn now the Army Navy Academy, and a
Quercus agrifolia - coast live oak, Tree #017 in Holiday Park.
There are numerous Pinus torreyana - Torrey pines in the area, several of very
significant size with heights and canopy spreads of 75' or more. Seven individual
locations have been noted. Some of these locations have multiple trees such as
Tree #81 site, which has 12 trees remaining from plantings made by Anne de la
Motte in the 1920's. the largest Torrey pine is Tree #69 which is estimated to be
between 100'-120' tall with a large spreading canopy of almost 120' and a
massive trunk. This may be one of the largest Torrey Pines in the state. This is
also one of the tallest trees in the study, if not the tallest. Two of the trees, Trees
#78 located in front of the Park Maintenance and Administration Office, are
known to have been planted from seed.
All of the other trees on the proposed Heritage Tree list do not grow as natives in
San Diego County. The following is a listing of their place of origin. If they are
native to several countries or regions only the most well known was used for this
list and they were not listed twice. For additional informational on place of origin
refer to the listing and description of each species:
6 - native to other areas of California
6 - native to other areas of the United States
5 - native to Mexico
4 - native to Brazil
48
2- native to Peru
1- native to Guatemala
2- native to other areas of South America
4- native to the Mediterranean Region
1- was hybridized in England
2- native to the Canary Islands
1 - native to Madagascar
3- native to other areas of Africa
6- native to China
1 - native to Japan
1- native to India
1- native to the Malay peninsula.
This is a total of 49 species from these locations.
There are 24 additional trees that are native to Australia, and there is 1 additional
tree that is native to New Zealand. This is a total of 25 species from this region
alone. Over one-third of all the listed species in this study come from this one
region.
There are a total of 74 species and 54 genera represented in this study. This
represents a very wide range of diversity of tree specimens from around the
world located in a relatively small geographic area. This could almost be
considered a mini-arboretum collection spread out over the Old Village Area.
One of the characteristics that these foreign trees share is that they either come
from a similar climatic zone or region or they are adaptable outside of their
preferred climatic zone.
There are 16 trees in the height range of 75' and taller. In addition to the Torrey
pines already mentioned, these are mostly various species of Eucalyptus
including Eucalyptus cladocalyx - sugar gum, Trees #16, 30, 32, 33, 63, 93 & 95,
E. globulus - blue gum, Trees #9 & 31, and E. viminalis - manna gum, Tree
#105. Some of the taller palms include P. canariensis - Canary Island date
palms, Trees #12 & 80 and Washingtonia robusta - Mexican fan palms, Trees #4
& 25. Refer to Appendix C for a complete listing of this and all of the other size,
condition, vigor and ownership data for each tree.
There are 16 trees with canopy spreads in the range of 75' and wider. These
include several Eucalyptus species including E. cladocalyx - sugar gum, Trees
#16, 33, 93, 95 & 96, E. viminalis - manna gum, Tree #105, P. racemosa -
California sycamore, Tree #41 and Ficus macrophylla - Moreton Bay fig Trees
#10&20.
49
There are 22 trees with trunk diameters in the range of 48" and greater. Among
the very largest are F. macrophylla - Moreton Bay fig, Tree #20, E. cladcalyx -
sugar gum, Tree #16 which has an 8' diameter trunk and a swollen base that
measures 14' at ground level and E. globulus - blue gum, Tree #9 which has a 9'
diameter trunk.
Of the 110 trees listed 109 are actively growing and only 1 is showing signs of
decline. The majority of the trees, 60, are rated as being in good condition, 45
are in fair condition and only 5 are in poor condition. This bodes well for their
future longevity. Many of the trees would have received a higher condition rating
had they not been subjected to poor pruning practices over the years. The
condition rating is derived from assigning a numerical score to the following
components: trunk, crown (which includes the major branches), canopy (which
includes the smaller branches and foliage) and pest problems. These are then
calculated to obtain a numerical score that relates to a condition rating category.
The ownership of the trees is equally divided between publicly owned and
controlled trees (city, state or federal government) and privately owned and
controlled trees. In some cases it was not possible to determine from visual field
observation if a tree was city owned or privately owned. This usually occurs when
trees appear to be on or near property or easement lines. These questionable
trees for the most part appear to be currently maintained by the private property
owners.
The ownership of the trees is as follows:
City
City?
Private
Private ?
State
Federal
50
3
53
2
1
1
Ownership of remaining trees
September 30, 2007 Addendum:
45 City
44 Private
1 Federal
2 North County Transit District
Several of these Heritage Tree candidates are considered rare or endangered in
their native habitat. These include C. macrocarpa - Monterey cypress which is
considered as the rarest tree in the state of California. "Its distribution is the most
restricted of any California tree and perhaps of any conifer in the world...
Monterey cypress is listed in the California Native Plant Society's Inventory as
endangered in part of its range." (McClintock pg. 75)
E. globulus - blue gum is so widely planted in California that some people
consider it a native. In many areas it has escaped and become naturalized so
that it is now considered an invasive pest. In its natural range, it has a very
limited distribution limited to two small areas in Australia and one larger area in
Tasmania. (McClintock pg. 89)
50
E. ficifolia - red-flowering gum, "[l]s limited to a small area on the southwestern
corner of Western Australia from near sea level to about 500 feet, and is so rare
that it is included in a list of endangered Australian eucalyptus. Fortunately, most
of the trees are within a national park and therefore protected." (McClintock pg.
88)
Other trees are extremely limited in their native range or numbers in the wild
such as P. torreyana. "Torrey pine, the rarest of the California's pines, has one of
the most limited distributions in the genus. It occurs in only two small areas in
Southern California. One population is on the coastal mainland, within the city of
Del Mar and to the immediate south in Torrey Pines State Reserve.
Scattered over a few square miles to the north and south of Soledad Valley, this
population was estimated by the California Department of Parks and Recreation
in 1975 to include about 3,400 mature trees. The second population, to the
northwest on Santa Rosa Island offshore from Santa Barbara County, covers
less than one square mile. It includes abut 1,000 mature trees, but has a higher
proportion of young trees than the mainland population." (McClintock pg. 160)
One of the most fascinating trees on the list is the Metasequoia glyptostroboides
- dawn redwood of China, Tree #108, growing in Holiday Park. This is a
deciduous tree that is closely related to both species of evergreen California
redwoods, the coast redwood and the big tree or giant sequoia of the western
Sierra Nevada.
"Numerous kinds of trees living today have persisted with little or no change
since remote geological times and are well represented by ancient fossils. But
the term 'living fossil' seems to be applied chiefly to Metasequoia because it was
described and named from fossil records before it was known to exist in present
world flora. The first living specimens - three of them - were discovered by a
Chinese forester in 1941 not far from Chungking, but it was not until 1946 that
the tree was identified as of a genus previously unknown in a living state."
(Everett pg. 42)
Seed was first sent to the United States in 1946 to the Arnold Arboretum at
Harvard University and then was distributed to other universities, parks, botanical
gardens and some individuals. One tree that still existed in 1996 in the remote
village of Madaoqui, China was revered as the home of a god. This tree was
estimated to be over 450 years old. Many trees have been planted as street trees
both in Madaoqi and throughout China. (McClintock pgs. 130-131)
/ rank arboriculture as one of the fine arts. I have studied it in all its various
schools—the palms of Africa, the cypresses of Mexico, the banyans and
peepals of India, the birches of Sweden, the elms of New England. In my
mind there is a gallery of masterpieces, which I should not be afraid to place
beside those of the Vatican or the Louvre.
Bayard Taylor, "At Home and Abroad"
51
MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
In managing and maintaining old mature trees such as are included on this list of
candidates for Heritage Tree status, less is usually more. At least less is usually
better. Less damage, less damaging pruning, less hardscape, less root damage,
less turf, less compaction are all better for the tree. These practices properly
done also usually mean less cost over the life of the tree.
There are some areas of mature tree care where a little more is better: more
knowledge by the people charged with caring for the trees; more diligence in the
performance of regular inspections; more respect given to the trees; more mulch
applied (within reasonable limits); more soil surface area exposed and more
protection provided.
There are also elements that are necessary to promote tree growth and health
that are required in moderation. Usually the trees, if they are well adapted to an
area, can obtain these on their own. Sometimes these need to be supplied by
people. These requirements include air, water, and nutrients. These three growth
requirements are obtained from the atmosphere and from the soil by the roots.
Some trees in parks or in estates located in cities and in countries around the
world have been maintained and continue to grow and even flourish for four to
five hundred years. Some trees such as the Pinus aristata - bristlecone pine in
the White Mountains in California have survived for over 4,600 years on rocky,
wind-swept mountains at elevations of over 11,000 feet above sea level without,
or more likely because, they have not had to contend with human intervention.
How do some trees survive for so long when many estimates of tree longevity for
new urban street plantings range from 7 to 13 years?
First the trees need to be well adapted to the area climatically. The trees need to
be able to survive the maximum and minimum temperatures as well as the
amount, frequency and timing of rainfall (or snowfall in some less temperate
climates). The trees need sufficient area to grow, both above and below ground.
In many forest settings trees can and do grow close together. Large specimen
trees, like the majority of the ones in this study, benefit from additional open
space to spread out both their canopies and root systems. That is one reason
that there are so many Heritage Trees in Holiday Park.
LESS DAMAGE
Less damage starts with quality planting stock that is properly planted. Less
damage means not ripping limbs or roots out of trees with construction
equipment. It also means no injury from lawn mowers and weed eaters. It means
not attaching signs or electrical wires to trees (see photograph pg. 47).
53
LESS DAMAGING PRUNING
Less damage means not over-pruning trees by removing large or even small
branches without a demonstrated necessity. The destructive and damaging
process of "topping," where large limbs are cut back to stubs while removing
large portions of both the branch structure and the canopy of the tree, should be
made illegal for all publicly-owned trees in the City (see photographs pgs. 52 &
54).
The State of California has passed legislation that recognizes the problems
associated with this costly and destructive practice and encourages every public
agency in the state, including cities, to follow accepted pruning standards (refer
to Appendix J).
The standards currently accepted would include the "Best Management Practices
- Tree Pruning" published by the International Society of Arboriculture (refer to
Appendix K) and the "American National Standards for Tree Care Operations,
ANSI A300 (Part 1)-2001 Pruning" (refer to Appendix L).
This is not new knowledge. John Davey, the founder of Davey - a tree service
company, wrote in 1907:
"Few, if any, greater misfortunes have befallen America, in the last quarter
of a century, than the coming of what are known as professional "Tree men" in
every city and many towns... But in all their ignorant and nefarious frauds,
nothing equals their (what ought to be) "criminal" work of cutting away the tops of
trees. The old State of Pennsylvania has apparently suffered as much as any
from these depredations. Harrisburg, the capital, has been almost completely
denuded by them. Substantially all the trees on the streets have been ruined...
Tens of thousands of what might have been good trees have been ruined in
Philadelphia by these tree vandals, resulting in a lessening of real estate values
to the extent of millions of dollars." (Davey pgs. 33 & 34)
Another destructive pruning practice is referred to as "lion's tailing." This is the
removal of the majority (or all) of the interior foliage and small branches of the
tree leaving the remaining foliage and weight concentrated in a tuft, like a "lion's
tail," at the ends of the branches. The excess removal of foliage along the branch
also inhibits proper branch development and taper, leading to a loss of strength
and contributes to branch failures (see photograph pg. 52).
Less damage also means not over-pruning trees by removing too much foliage
throughout the canopy. The leaves (along with green branches and green bark)
are the only means the tree has to produce life-sustaining energy for the proper
functioning of its physiological and metabolic processes. Removing too much
foliage requires the tree to expend stored energy reserves to replace the missing
foliage in an attempt to balance its energy expenditures with its energy
production. If energy expenditures continually exceed energy production,
reserves become depleted over time weakening the tree (see photograph pg.
52).
55
Over-pruning on a mature tree, depending on its health, may mean removing
10% or even less of its live foliage at any one time or during the course of a year.
It is especially difficult for large mature trees to recover from this type of stress,
especially if this is done repeatedly. Over-pruning can cause trees to decline and
die prematurely.
Some of the Heritage Trees that look the best are privately owned and appear to
have received little or no pruning over the years and show little need for any
substantial pruning at this time (see photographs pgs. 29, 38, 51 & 69). Other
trees, including some City-maintained trees, have been subjected to substantial
over-pruning and have been damaged by this work (see photograph pg. 52). This
type of poor pruning also sets a bad example to the public. They might
erroneously assume that this is what proper pruning looks like because they saw
it on a City-maintained tree. These trees will require higher frequency of
inspections and pruning in the future to prevent and/or correct potentially
hazardous conditions from developing with weakly attached branches growing
from the cut stubs.
LESS HARDSCAPE
Less hardscape (sidewalks, curbs and pavement) and other restraints allow
normal tree growth and expansion to occur, without the potential for the tree to
damage the adjacent hardscape. Most trees grow to fairly well known predictable
sizes. They should be planted in locations to accommodate their mature size.
Many of the Heritage Trees were planted over a century ago as street trees when
this fact may not have been well appreciated. But they were also planted before
wide paved roads and concrete sidewalks were constructed. Many of the trees
have had to suffer the loss of the open areas of soil where they were originally
planted. It is remarkable that so many have survived in spite of having been
damaged from the "improvements" being constructed around them.
Often times when tree roots damage hardscape the trees are considered the
guilty party and sentenced to death by removal. The true guilty parties are the
ones who designed or constrained the tree in too small of an area for normal
growth and development to occur. These individuals are seldom held
accountable for their actions. Many alternative solutions to tree removal are
available.
LESS ROOT DAMAGE
In addition to the installation of hardscape which we can see, many of these
Heritage Trees have also been subjected to underground damage to their root
systems which we can't see. Underground utilities that are commonly installed
can include any or all of the following: conduits or pipes for water, sewer, gas,
electrical, cable TV, phone and other communication lines, irrigation pipes and
drainage systems including large storm drains. There are tools and methods that
can be used for underground work that are not damaging to tree roots.
57
Within in the last few months the Cupressus macrocarpa - Monterey cypress
(Tree #5) has had extensive underground trenching and work performed under at
least two sides of its canopy. Some limbs appear to have been ripped out of the
tree by construction equipment working under the canopy. Surprisingly I
observed very few large roots damaged in the excavations around this tree, but
numerous smaller roots were damaged and the soil around the tree was
compacted from heavy equipment operations (see photographs pgs. 56, 58 &
60).
Bob Bichowsky, a well-known arborist, made some similar observations and was
quoted in the Blade - Citizen in 07/24/91 concerning the Eucalyptus cladocalyx-
sugar gum (Tree #63), "I was amazed to find that the roots are much deeper than
they are on 95 percent of the trees I look at. If any tree will survive, this will be
the one to do it." (see photograph pg. 22)
It appears that the soil throughout the study area is a deep sandy alluvial type
that either has been eroded from the ridge where Highland Drive is located
and/or is the remains of an ancient beach terrace. In either case the soil has
been deposited over millennia and gently slopes towards the ocean. It is
understandable that farmers and nurserymen would pick the best soils for
growing their crops and orchards. The soil appears to be the secret why these
Heritage Trees grew so well and why so many of them are still flourishing today
despite all of the "improvements" that have been installed around them.
The Old Village part of the City was developed on this deep natural soil which
has not been greatly altered as is commonly done in new projects that are
developed today. Contemporary construction practices usually involve the
moving of tremendous amounts of soil and compacting the soil with heavy
equipment to high densities by removing air spaces. Any loose soils, especially
those with a high organic content, are usually disposed of as being unsuitable for
building purposes.
LESS TURF
Less turf allows the tree better access to water and minerals. Turf or grass is
much more aggressive than trees are at removing these necessary requirements
for life, especially from the top 6"-12" of soil. Less turf means that the turf is kept
further away from the trunk and any buttress or surface roots of the tree. This not
only means less potential damage to the trees from mowing equipment, but also
less damage to mowing equipment from hitting exposed surface roots.
Keeping the turf away from the trunk also means less potential damage to tree
trunk from the high-speed string trimmers (commonly referred to as "weed
eaters" or "weed whackers") cutting down that last little bit of grass up against the
tree trunks that the mowers can't get to. String trimmers hitting the trunks of trees
can instantly damage the cambium layer of the tree and can girdle and even kill
trees, particularly those that have thin bark.
59
LESS COMPACTION
Less turf can also mean more room for surface applications of mulch, such as
coarsely ground or chipped tree prunings. Organic mulch as it breaks down adds
a small amount of minerals and nutrients to the soil. Mulch also allows greater
biological activity in the soil from earthworms and soil micro-organisms. This in
turn provides for better soil aeration which leads to better soil gas exchange and
better (deeper and quicker) water absorption and penetration, with less surface
runoff and fewer weeds as well.
Mulch also acts as a "shock absorber" preventing the compaction of soils,
especially from foot traffic under the tree canopies. Many of the Heritage Trees in
Holiday Park have severe compaction over their root systems, some of which are
exposed on the surface of the soil.
LESS MONEY
Less money is usually required to be spent on maintenance over the life of a tree
if it is given adequate growing space, mulched on a regular ongoing basis, is not
damaged by construction practices and the tree is provided periodic inspection
and pruning on a cycle that is appropriate for its age and species. For trees that
have been damaged, a higher level and frequency of inspections and proper
pruning and management are warranted.
RECOMMENDATIONS SUMMARY
The following are recommendations to provide for the health, safety and
longevity of the City's Heritage Trees. These recommendations should be
adopted by the City Council as mandatory for all City owned Heritage Trees and
are advisory only recommendations for privately-owned and non-City owned
public Heritage Trees.
1. City Arborist to provide copies of this report to each City employee in
charge of managing a Heritage Tree and to every property owner of a
Heritage Tree located on private property. In some locations it is unclear if
a tree is publicly or privately owned and who is responsible for its care.
These tree locations should be clarified by the City Arborist.
2. Have all public Heritage Trees inspected at least annually by a qualified
certified arborist who shall provide written recommendations for any
required maintenance including pruning. The reports are to be kept in a
permanent file for each tree for future reference along with a record of any
work performed on the tree and the result of that work.
3. Remove any signs or wires that have been attached to any publicly-owned
Heritage Tree, if this can be done without damaging the tree any further.
Do not remove any signs of historic significance attached to the tree.
61
4. Adopt a City policy or regulation prohibiting the "topping" of any public
tree.
5. Adopt a City policy or regulation that the appropriate pruning standards
will be followed when pruning publicly-owned trees. The standards would
include the "Best Management Practices - Tree Pruning" published by the
International Society of Arboriculture (refer to Appendix K) and the
"American National Standards for Tree Care Operations, ANSI A300 (Part
1)-2001 Pruning" (refer to Appendix L) and any safety standards that
apply.
6. Require that all pruning work on publicly-owned Heritage Trees would be
performed by a certified arborist or by certified tree workers under the full-
time supervision of a certified arborist. Certifications are to be current.
7. Pruning should be timed so as not to interfere with nesting birds.
8. Root damage to publicly-owned Heritage Trees should be minimized. Any
proposed construction work under the canopy or within 100' of the trunk of
the tree to be reviewed by a qualified certified arborist during the planning
stage of the work. The arborist shall specify a Tree Protection Zone and a
Tree Protection and Preservation Plan that is site and tree specific. No
activity or soil disturbance in the Tree Protection Zone will be permitted
unless specifically approved in writing. (Note: the above was partially
adapted from the City of Palo Alto - "Tree Technical Manual" page 1-5).
9. In the vicinity of publicly-owned Heritage Trees appropriate alternative
means of underground construction, such as the use of tools like an "Air-
Knife" or "Air-Spade", boring or tunneling, should be utilized to protect and
prevent damage to the root system of the tree.
10. Hardscape conflicts should be remedied without damaging the root
system of a publicly-owned Heritage Tree. Some methods that may be
utilized include: the use of flexible paving such as sand laid unit pavers
like brick or rubber sidewalk sections; grinding raised pavement sections;
ramping or bridging over roots with pliable paving or wooden walkways;
removing pavement and replacing it with decomposed granite or mulch;
rerouting the hardscape to accommodate the current and future trunk
expansion and root growth (see photograph pg. 22), even if it means the
loss of a parking spot or two. This would also provide additional exposed
soil surface that would be beneficial to the tree's health.
11. Turf, at least under the drip line of the tree, should be covered with a 3"-4"
deep layer of organic mulch such as ground or chipped tree prunings. The
mulch should be kept at least 1' away from the trunk of the tree. The
mulch should be inspected at least twice a year and additional mulch
added when it has been reduced to a depth of 1" or less through
decomposition. The mulch cover will shade and kill the grass over time.
62
For small trees, or trees with a narrow upright growth habit, install the
mulch to at least a 5' distance from the trunk.
12. Compaction under the canopies of trees can be partially corrected by
several methods. The least damaging and costly method is to install
organic mulch as specified above for turf removal over the compacted
area or where surface roots are exposed.
13. Require a report from a qualified certified arborist for any public Heritage
Tree recommended for removal because it represents a "hazardous"
condition. The arborist shall use a national standard, the 'ISA - Hazard
Evaluation Form" (refer to Appendix M), as a method to determine the
hazard rating of a tree. The City Arborist has the discretionary right to
approve, request a second opinion in writing, or recommend actions that
may reduce the condition to a less than significant level of hazard. If this
type of hazard reduction cannot be done and it is the City's Arborist's
recommendation to remove the tree it will remain the City Council's option
to approve or deny the removal or require additional measures. (Note: the
above was partially adapted from the City of Palo Alto - "Tree Technical
Manual" page 4-2.)
14. For any publicly-owned Heritage Tree that is removed a suitable
replacement tree shall be replanted.
15. A Technical Manual for Trees modeled on City of Palo Alto's should be
developed for the City of Carlsbad. Such a manual would not only benefit
the City's Heritage Trees, but all of the City's publicly-owned trees. This
document is available on the City of Palo Alto's website:
http://www.city.palo-alto.ca.us/trees.
The author thanks the City of Palo Alto for the excellent work that went into the
development of their manual and for encouraging its free and adaptive use by
other communities to promote and help provide for better tree protection and
care.
A stricken tree, a living thing, so beautiful, so dignified, so admirable
in its potential longevity, is, next to man, perhaps the most touching
of wounded objects.
Edna Ferber
63
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bailey, Liberty H., "Manual of Cultivated Plants - Second Edition," The Mcmillian
Company, New York, New York, 1949.
Brenzel, Kathleen N., editor, "Sunset Western Garden Book," Sunset Publishing
Corporation, Menlo Park, California, 2001.
Davey, John, "The Tree Doctor," The Saalfield Publishing Co., Akron, Ohio,
1907.
Dockter, Dave, "City of Palo Alto - Tree Technical Manual - Standards and
Specifications," The City of Palo Alto, Palo Alto, California, 2001.
Everett, Thomas H., "Living Trees of the World," Doubleday & Company, Inc.,
New York, New York (undated).
Feininger, Andreas, "Trees," Penguin Books Ltd., Harmondsworth, Middlesex,
England, 1968.
Oilman, Edward F. & Lilly, Sharon J., "Best Management Practices - Tree
Pruning," International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, 2002.
Model, Donald R., "Exceptional Trees of Los Angeles," California Arboretum
Foundation, Inc., Los Angeles, California, 1988.
Howard-Jones, Marje, "Seekers of the Spring," The Friends of the Carlsbad
Library, Carlsbad, California, 1982.
Hubbs, Carl L. & Whitaker, Thomas W., "Torrey Pines State Reserve," The
Torrey Pines Association, La Jolla, California, 1964.
Huntington, Harriet E., "Forest Giants," Doubleday & Company, Inc., Garden
City, New York, 1962.
Mahoney, Michael T., et. al., editors, "Street trees Recommended for Southern
California - Second Edition," Street Tree Seminar, Inc., Anaheim, California,
2000.
Maino, Evelyn & Howard, Frances, "Ornamental Trees - An Illustrated Guide to
Their Selection and Care," University of California Press, Berkeley, California,
1955.
Matheny, Nelda P. & Clark, James R., "A Photographic Guide to the Evaluation
of Hazard Trees in Urban Areas," International Society of Arboriculture, Savoy,
Illinois, 1994.
McClintock, Elizabeth, "The Trees of Golden Gate Park and San Francisco,"
Heyday Books/Clapperstick Institute, Berkeley, California, 2001.
64
Mitchell, Joni, "Big Yellow Taxi," Siquomb Publishing Co., New York, New York,
1969.
Muller, Katherine K., Broder, Richard E., Beittel, Will, "Trees of Santa Barbara,"
Santa Barbara Botanic Garden, Santa Barbara, California, 1974.
Perry, Bob, "Landscape Plants for Western Regions," Land Design Publishing,
Claremont, California, 1992.
Secretariat National Arborist Association, "American National Standard for Tree
Care Operations - Tree, Shrub and Other Woody Plant Maintenance - Standard
Practices (Pruning) ANSI A300 (Part 1)-2001 Pruning," National Arborist
Association, Inc., Manchester, New Hampshire, 2001.
Stefferud, Alfred, editor, "Trees - The Yearbook of Agriculture - 1949," U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1949.
Weiner, Michael A., "Plant a Tree," John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, New
York, 1992.
Wisniewski, Mark, "San Diego Region -The State of the Urban Forest,"
SANDAG, San Diego, California, 1993.
For I had set my mind on making a new kind of tree book . . . not a
textbook or manual, nor a tree-identification book, or still another picture
book proving that trees are beautiful, but a tree-appreciation book ... /A?
our largely urban society, the ability to appreciate trees has become
dulled—the ability to see the wonder in a tree, the magic and the mystery,
the indiscribable (sic) peace and contentment that can fill our hearts when
we walk in the wild woods . . . I created this book in the hope of making
more people aware of the intangible values that trees can give—values to
lift the spirit and refresh the soul of man.
Andreas Feininger, Introduction, "Trees"
65
APPENDIX A
Appendix A:
Maps of Study Area with Heritage Tree Locations
How to use the maps
The maps on the next pages include a map of the overall study area and then
three enlarged sections breaking the study area into approximate thirds, moving
from west to east, and a fourth map that is an enlargement of Holiday Park.
The trees are shown in numbered circles from 1 to 110 in a numerical sequence.
The sequence represents a suggested way of viewing the trees in six geographic
groupings.
There is also a group of unusual plants and trees included that are of interest
because of either their unique, size, form, or other interesting characteristics.
These are shown in lettered squares and are listed in alphabetical sequence
from A to F.
For Map page 1 of 4:
Start with 1 and proceed in order to 15 and then back to 1.
Start with 1 and proceed to 16 and then in order to 25.
For Map page 2 of 4:
Start with 26 and proceed in order to 44.
Start with 45 and proceed in order to 63.
For Map page 3 of 4:
Start with 64 and proceed in order to 92.
For Map page 4 of 4:
Start with 93 and proceed in order to 110.
Appendix C is a sequential listing of the trees by map number from 1 to 110.
APPENDIX B
Appendix B:
Heritage Trees listed by species with common name and location
How to use this information
This provides an alphabetical listing of the Heritage Trees by genus and species. The
tree number is also listed along with the most widely accepted common mane and the
address and/or location of the tree. Comments are provided especially if the tree is
located on a site of local historical significance or if it is part of a group or larger
collection of similar trees at the same location.
ADDENDUM
January 30, 2006
Since the 2002 report was completed 20 trees at 18 tree sites have either been
removed for various reasons or have died. Three additional trees at two sites have
started to decline and one tree was topped severely. These trees are no longer
recommended for Heritage Tree status.
Changes to the original "Carlsbad Heritage Tree List - 2002" in "Appendix B" are shown
as follows:
STRIKE THRU text means the tree has been removed, has declined in health so
severely that recovery does not seem possible, or the tree has been topped and/or
pruned severely.
BOLD text in the data fields indicates new or updated information.
ADDENDUM II
September 30, 2007
Since the Addendum dated January 30, 2006, updated information has been provided
by the City staff regarding ownership of the trees, particularly those trees whose
ownership was originally unclear. A new chart has been added to page 50 to reflect the
current status of tree ownership. Additionally five more trees have been removed.
Changes to "Appendix B" since the first Addendum are noted as 2007.
ADDENDUM CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002 (Revised 01/30/06) and (Revised 09/30/07)
TREE
NO. GENUS
§8 ACACIA
85
55 AGATHIS
98 AGONIS
104 ARAUCARIA
48
103
64 BAUHINIA
46 BRACHYCHITON
88 CALLISTEMON
83 CASIMIORA
91
44 CERATONIA
57
94 CHIRANTHODENDRON
26 CHORISIA
51 CINNAMOMUM
43 CITRUS
5 CUPRESSUS
SPECIES
MELANOXYLON
SSP (UNKNOWN)
ROBUSTA
FLEXUOUSA
BIDWILLII
HETEROPHYLLA
CUNNINGHAMII
VARIEGATA
DISCOLOR
RIGIDUS
EDULIS
SILIQUA
PENTADACTLON
SPECIOSA
CAMPHORA
SINENSIS
MACROCARPA
COMMON NAME
BLACKWOOD ACACIA
(NAME UNKNOWN)
DAMMAR PINE
PEPPERMINT TREE
BUNYA-BUNYA
NORFOLK ISLAND PINE
HOOP PINE
PURPLE ORCHID TREE
PINK FLAME TREE
STIFF BOTTLEBRUSH
WHITE SAPOTE
CAROB
MONKEY HAND
FLOSS SILK TREE
CAMPHOR TREE
ORANGE TREE
MONTEREY CYPRESS
LOCATION/ADDRESS
3351 MADISON ST. ALLEY
3081 HIGHLAND DR.
3156 HARDING ST.
HOLIDAY PARK - NORTH MIDDLE
HOLIDAY PARK - SOUTH END
2605 CARLSBAD BLVD
HOLIDAY PARK - WEST SIDE
1231 BASSWOODAVE
675 CARLSBAD VILLAGE DR.
1173OAKAVE.
3140 HIGHLAND DR.
4423 1103 OAK AVE.
2812 ROOSEVELT ST.
3380 HARDING ST.
HOLIDAY PARK - NORTH SIDE
421 GRAND AVE.
3091 JEFFERSON ST.
2777 ROOSEVELT ST.
357 CHESTNUT AVE (R.R.R-O-W)
COMMENTS
SHAW HOUSE
ARMY NAVY ACADEMY
ON MADISON ST.
(VERIFY ADDRESS)
CULVER/MYERS HOUSE
(VERIFY ADDRESS) 2007
1 OF 8 LIVE & 2 DEAD TREES
B1
ADDENDUM CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002 (Revised 01/30/06) and (Revised 09/30/07)
TREE
NO. GENUS
gg DODQNAEA
gO DOMBEYA
79 DRACAENA
35 DURANTA
27 ERYTHRINA
40
102 EUCALYPTUS
2
4£
30
32
33
63
93
95
96
39
7
9
31
71
72
21
SPECIES
VISCOSA
WALLICHII
DRACO
ERECTA
CAFFRA
CITRIODORA
CLADOCALYX
COMMON NAME
HOP BUSH
DOMBEYA
DRAGON TREE
SKY FLOWER
CORAL TREE
LEMON-SCENTED GUM
SUGAR GUM
CQNFERRUMINATA BUSHY YATE
(formerly E. LEHMANNII)
FICIFOLIA RED-FLOWERING GUM
GLOBULUS BLUE GUM
PLYANTHEMOS
VIMINALIS
SILVER DOLLAR GUM
MANNA GUM
LOCATION/ADDRESS
2956 ROOSEVELT ST.-#3
3048 JEFFERSON ST
1166 CARLSBAD VILLAGE DR.
2865 JEFFERSON ST.
507 GRAND AVE.
LT. MAXTON BROWN PARK
HOLIDAY PARK - MIDDLE
395 CARLSBAD VILLAGE DR.
380 CHRISTIANSEN WAY
600 BLOCK GRAND AVE.
29100 JEFFERSON ST.
865 GRAND AVE.
500 BLOCK OAK AVE.
HOLIDAY PARK - NORTHEAST CORNER
HOLIDAY PARK - NORTH MIDDLE EDGE
HOLIDAY PARK - NORTHWEST CORNER
LT. MAXTON BROWN PARK
3288 GARFIELD ST.
3003 CARLSBAD BLVD
2943 JEFFERSON ST. - ALLEY
3384 HIGHLAND DR.
3276 HIGHLAND DR.
164 PACIFIC AVE
HOLIDAY PARK SOUTHEAST END
COMMENTS
HESS HOUSE
PARK MAINTENANCE &
ADMINISTRATION OFFICE
1 OF A GROUP OF 5 TREES
ON GRAND AVE.
COHN/ROYAL PALMS/FIDELS
B2
ADDENDUM CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002 (Revised 01/30/06) and (Revised 09/30/07)
TREE
NO. GENUS
10 FICUS
20
23
47
62
87
53
99 FRAXINUS
100
82 GREVILLEA
76 HYMENOSPORUM
59 JACARANDA
70
67 JUNIPERUS
13 LEPTOSPERMUM
60 LEUCAENA
109 LIQUIDAMBAR
84 MAGNOLIA
ux5 IVIL I— I /A
SPECIES
MACROPHYLLA
MICROCARPA
COMMON NAME
MORETON BAY FIG
INDIAN LAUREL FIG
RUBIGINOSA
UHDEI
UHDEI
ROBUSTA
FLAVUM
MIMOSIFOLIA
CHINENSIS TORULOSA1
LAEVIGATUM
GLAUCA
STYRACIFLUA
GRANDIFLORA
AZEDARACH
RUSTYLEAF FIG
EVERGREEN ASH
EVERGREEN ASH
SILK OAK
SWEETSHADE
JACARANDA
HOLLYWOOD JUNIPER
AUSTRALIAN TEA TREE
WHITE POPINAC
AMERICAN SWEET GUM
SOUTHERN MAGNOLIA
CHINABERRY
LOCATION/ADDRESS
3003 CARLSBAD BLVD
2605 CARLSBAD BLVD
2497 OCEAN ST
825 CARLSBAD VILLAGE DR.
3150 ROOSEVELT ST.
1340 OAK AVE.
897 OAK AVE.
HOLIDAY PARK - MIDDLE WESTERN EDGE
HOLIDAY PARK - MIDDLE WESTERN EDGE
1542 OAK AVE.
1307 PINE AVE
799 PINE AVE. - PARKING LOT
3<\5<\ HIGHLAND DR.
3270 MCKINLEY ST.
3080 LINCOLN ST. - COURTYARD
3250 ROOSEVELT ST. - ALLEY
HOLIDAY PARK - MIDDLE EAST
3125 HIGHLAND DR. - BACKYARD
27-M MADISON ST.
COMMENTS
COHN/ROYAL PALMS/FIDELS
RED APPLE INN/
ARMY NAVY ACADEMY
ON JEFFERSON ST. - 2 TREES
PREVIOUSLY VELUTINA
SHIRLEY/DE LA MOTTE HOUSE
2 TREES
CARLSBAD SENIOR CENTER
TREE HAS BEEN TOPPED
LUTHER GAGE HOUSE/
MONTEREY CONDOMINIUMS
TREE HOUSE
B3
ADDENDUM CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002 (Revised 01/30/06) and (Revised 09/30/07)
TREE
NO. GENUS
22
54
90
49
66
6
8
42-
15
80
24
42
74
56
11
69
73
75
78
81
106
METASEQUOIA
METROSIDEROS
NERIUM
OLEA
PERSEA
PHOENIX
PINUS
SPECIES
GLYPTOSTROBQIDES
EXCELSUS
OLEANDER
EUROPAEA
AMERICANA
CANARIENSIS
CATYLIFERA
HALEPENSIS
RADIATA
TORREYANA
COMMON NAME
DAWN REDWOOD
NEW ZEALAND CHRISTRMAS TREE
OLEANDER
OLIVE
AVOCADO
CANARY ISLAND DATE PALM
DATE PALM
ALEPPO PINE
MONTEREY PINE
TORREY PINE
LOCATION/ADDRESS
HOLIDAY PARK MIDDLE
2480 OCEAN ST.
COMMENTS
3050 PIO PICO DR - ON OAK ST.
3048 ROOSEVELT ST. - ALLEY
3315MCKINLEYST.
350 CHESTNUT AVE.
8288 GARFIELD ST.
3080 LINCOLN ST.
300 CARLSBAD VILLAGE DR.
3016 HIGHLAND DR.
258 BEECH AVE. - PARKING LOT
2722 ROOSEVELT ST.
1366 PINE AVE
799 PINE AVE
3001 CARLSBAD BLVD
3546 HIGHLAND DR.
3154 HIGHLAND DR.
1308 PINE AVE.
1168 CARLSBAD VILLAGE DR.
1542, 1546 & 1550 OAK AVE.
HOLIDAY PARK - PLAYGROUND
1 OF 23 TREES
HESS HOUSE
6 TREES
LUTHER GAGE HOUSE/
MONTEREY CONDOMINUMS
2 TREES
IN COURTYARD
SHIPLEY/MAGEE HOUSE
POST OFFICE
ON CARLSBAD VILLAGE DR.
PARK MAINTENANCE &
ADMINISTRATION OFFICE
- 2 TREES
SHIRLEY/DE LA MOTTE
2 TREES DECLINING
REMOVED 2007
B4
ADDENDUM CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002 (Revised 01/30/06) and (Revised 09/30/07)
TREE
NO. GENUS
&- PITTOSPORUM
97
101 PLATANUS
41
49
68 PODOCARPUS
61 PSIDIUM
437- QUERCUS
36 SCHEFFLERA
3 SCHINUS
89
45
92
65 SEQUOIA
1 STENOCARPUS
14 SYAGRUS
86
77 SYZGIUM
SPECIES
TOBIRA
UNDULATUM
XACERIFOLIA
RACEMOSA
GRACILIOR
CATTLEIANUM
AGRIFOLIA
ACTINOPHYLLA
MOLLE
POLYGAMUS
TEREBINTHIFOLIUS
SEMPERVIRENS
SINUATUS
ROMANZOFFIANUM
PANICULATUM
(formerly EUGENIA MYRTIFOLIA)
COMMON NAME
TOBIRA
VICTORIAN BOX
LONDON PLANE TREE
CALIFORNIA SYCAMORE
FERN PINE
STRAWBERRY GUAVA
COAST LIVE OAK
OCTOPUS TREE
CALIFORNIA PEPPER TREE
PERUVIAN PEPPER
BRAZILIAN PEPPER
COAST REDWOOD
FIREWHEELTREE
QUEEN PALM
BRUSH CHERRY
LOCATION/ADDRESS
3680 CARLSBAD BLVD
HOLIDAY PARK - NORTHWEST CNR
HOLIDAY PARK - NORTHWEST CNR
BUENA VISTA LAGOON
2605 CARLSBAD BLVD
3437 HIGHLAND DR.
3250 ROOSEVELT ST.
HOLIDAY PARK • MIDDLE EAST SIDE
2865 JEFFERSON ST.
390 OAK AVE.
1139OAKAVE.
HOLIDAY PARK
645 CARLSBAD VILLAGE DR.
4423 1103 OAK AVE.
1284BASSWOOD AVE.
ROTARY PARK - MIDDLE
2978 CARLSBAD BLVD
3081 HIGHLAND DR.
1144 PINE AVE
COMMENTS
OLD STATE FORESTRY
HEADQUARTERS/CALIFORNIA
PARKS DEPT.
NATIVE TREE
RED APPLE INN/
ARMY NAVY ACADEMY 2007
2 TREES
NATIVE TREE SPECIES
DECLINING - REMOVED 2007
ON WASHINGTON ST.
ON ROOSEVELT
(VERIFY ADDRESS) 2007
SCHUTTE/TWIN INNS/
NIEMAN'S-1 OF 15 TREES
SHAW HOUSE- 12 TREES
2 TREES
B5
ADDENDUM CARLSBAD HERITAGE TREE LIST - 2002 (Revised 01/30/06) and (Revised 09/30/07)
TREE
NO. GENUS
48 TECOMA
29 TIPUANA
37 ULMUS
52 WASHINGTONIA
4
25
34
SPECIES
STANS
TIPU
PARVIFOLIA
FILIFERA
ROBUSTA
GLORIOSA
COMMON NAME
YELLOW BELLS
TIPU TREE
CHINESE ELM
CALIFORNIA FAN PALM
MEXICAN FAN PALM
SPANISH DAGGER
LOCATION/ADDRESS
3048 JEFFERSON ST.
2945 MADISON ST. - ALLEY
2801 JEFFERSON ST.
3096 HARDING ST. - ALLEY
379 PINE AVE.
2855 CARLSBAD BLVD
2870 JEFFERSON ST.
COMMENTS
HESS HOUSE
TOPPED RECENTLY 2007
2 TREES - 1 REMOVED
4 TREES
CARLSBAD MINERAL
SPRINGS HOTEL/CARLSBAD-
BY-THE-SEA - 12 TREES
OTHER TREES AND PLANTS OF UNUSUAL NOTE OR SPECIAL INTEREST IN THE STUDY AREA:
TREE
NO. GENUS
A BOUGAINVILLEA
SPECIES COMMON NAME
BOUGAINVILLEA
LOCATION/ADDRESS
2550 CARLSBAD BLVD
COMMENTS
SOUTH OF SCANDIA MOTEL
B CERATONIA SILIQUA CAROB 2810 MADISON ST. THIS TREE WAS PLANTED
IN 1955 BY HOUSTON TUCKER WHO BUILT A TREE HOUSE IN THE TREE TO TEACH NEIGHBORHOOD KIDS HOW TO CLIMB TREES. MR TUCKER SAID
THAT CAROB TREE #44 WAS ABOUT THE SAME SIZE THAT IT IS NOW WHEN HE PLANTED HIS TREE.
C EUPHORBIA TIRUCALLI PENCIL TREE 3037 JEFFERSON ST. 5'TALL NORTH OF DRIVEWAY
B FICUS RELIGIOSA PEEPPUL 2612 MADISON ST BUDDHA'S MEDITATION TREE
E PALMS VARIOUS SPECIES 3369 ROOSEVELT ST. COLLECTION IN FRONT YARD
F- PANDANUS TECTORIUS THATCH SCREWPINE 1315 PINE AVE. EAST OF DRIVEWAY 5' TALL PALM LIKE LEAVES
B6
APPENDIX C
Appendix C:
Heritage Trees listed by map number with sizes & condition rating
How to use this information
This provides a numerical listing of the Heritage Trees by Tree #. The genus and
species is also listed along with the address and location information. Parks are
listed by name without an address.
Under the Tree # is a letter designation. The meaning of the letter designations
are as follows:
F = tree is located in the front of the property or on a park site
S = tree is located on a side street at the property address
R = tree is located at the rear of the property address or off an alley.
The following additional information is included:
Dbh = Diameter Breast Height range is measured in inches at 54" above the
ground level
Hgt = the height range of the tree measured in feet
CS = the canopy spread range of the tree measured in feet
Vigor = a visual assessment of the growth indicators of the tree
Condition = numerical scores are given to various parts of the tree and are then
calculated to provide an overall condition rating for the tree
Ownership = the author's best estimate of the ownership and responsibility for
the pruning of the tree is provided by a visual observation of its location. The tree
may fall into one of the following categories: City, Private, State or Federal. A
question mark (?) is included if the ownership is in doubt or the tree appears to
be on an easement line or dividing line between two ownership types.
ADDENDUM II
September 30, 2007
Since the Addendum dated January 30, 2006, updated information has been
provided by the City staff regarding ownership of the trees, particularly those trees
whose ownership was originally unclear. A new chart has been added to page 50 to
reflect the current status of tree ownership. Additionally five more trees have been
removed.
Changes to the original "Carlsbad Heritage Tree List - 2002" in "Appendix C" are
shown as follows:
STRIKE THRU text means the tree has been removed, has declined in health so
severely that recovery does not seem possible, or the tree has been topped and/or
pruned severely. It also is used to show where the information on ownership has
been changed.
BOLD text in the data fields indicated new or updated information.
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/0?)
ADDRESS 1 Rotary Park
Tree # Species
F-l Stenocarpus sinuatus
ADDRESS 395 Carlsbad Village
Tree # Species
F-2 Eucalyptus cladocalyx
ADDRESS 390 Oak Avenue
Tree # Species
S-3 Schinus molle
ADDRESS 379 Pine Avenue
Tree # Species
F-4 Washingtonia robusta
ADDRESS 357 Chestnut Avenue
Tree # Species
Dbh
12-18
Drive
Dbh
48+
Dbh
48+
Dbh
12-18
Dbh
F-5 Cupressus macrocarpa 48+
ADDRESS 350 Chestnut Avenue
Tree# Species Dbh
F-6 Phoenix canaricnsis 24-30
Hgt
30-45
Hgt
30-45
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
45-60
Hgt
45-60
Hgt
45-60
CS
15-30
CS
30-45
CS
30-45
CS
15-30
CS
45-60
CS
15-30
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Good
Cond
Poor
Cond
Fair
Cond
Good
Cond
Poor
Cond
Good
Ownership
Pity\_> 1 i y
North County Transit District
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
Ownership
Private
Ownership
fityv_-i i y
North County Transit District
Ownership
Private
C1
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/0?)
ADDRESS 3288 Garfield Street
Tree # Species
F-7 Eucalyptus ficifolia
ADDRESS 3288 Garfield Street
Tree # Species
F-8 Phoenix canaricnsis
ADDRESS 3003 Carlsbad Blvd.
Tree # Species
F-9 Eucalyptus gloulus
ADDRESS 3003 Carlsbad Blvd.
Tree # Species
F-10 Ficus macrophylla
ADDRESS 3001 Carlsbad Blvd.
Tree # Species
S-ll Pinus torreyana
ADDRESS 3080 Lincoln Street
Tree # Species
F 1 7 Phnpniv rnnnripnijr.
Dbh
30-36
Dbh
24-30
Dbh
48+
Dbh
48+
Dbh
42-48
Dbh
9/1 ™
Hgt
30-45
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
60-75
Hgt
30-45
Hgt
45-60
Hgt
/is ^n
cs
30-45
CS
15-30
CS
30-45
CS
75+
CS
45-60
CS
in /is
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
rrrnwino
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Cond
Fair
Cond
Good
Cond
Fair
Cond
("innH
Ownership
Private
Ownership
City
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Private
Ownership
City
Ownership
Privntp
C2
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/07)
ADDRESS 3080 Lincoln Street
Tree # Species
F-13 Leptospermum laevigatum
ADDRESS 2978 Carlsbad Blvd.
Tree # Species
F-14 Syagrus romanzoffianum
ADDRESS 300 Carlsbad Village
Tree # Species
F-15 Phoenix canariensis
ADDRESS 380 Christiansen Way
Tree # Species
ADDRESS 2680 Carlsbad Blvd.
Tree # Species
ADDRESS 2605 Carlsbad Blvd.
Tree # Species
F 1 S Armirnrin luafurnnVivlla —
Dbh
36-42
Dbh
12-18
Drive
Dbh
24-30
Dbh
/p /|0
Dbh
06 n
Dbh
18 7/\
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
45-60
Hgt
45-60
Hgt
60 75
Hgt
1 S ^0
Hgt
60 7S
cs
30-45
CS
15-30
CS
75+
CS
75+
CS
1 5 30
CS
IS 30
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Vigor
Vigor
("trowing
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Cond
Cond
Cond
Fnir
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Citv
Ownership
Cfoffl
Ownership
Privntpi
C3
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/07)
ADDRESS 2605 Carlsbad Blvd
Tree # Species
F-19 Platanus raccmosa
ADDRESS 2605 Carlsbad Blvd
Tree # Species
F-20 Ficus macrophylla
ADDRESS 1 64 Pacific Avenue
Tree # Species
F-21 Eucalyptus polyanthemos
ADDRESS 2480 Ocean Street
Tree # Species
F-22 Metrosideros excelsus
ADDRESS 2497 Ocean Street
Tree # Species
ADDRESS 258 Beech Avenue
Tree # Species
F-24 Phoenix dactylifera
Dbh
30-36
Dbh
48+
Dbh
30-36
Dbh
06-12
Dbh
49+
Maeee Park
Dbh
12-18
Hgt
45-60
Hgt
45-60
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
1 5 30
Hgt
15-30
cs
30-45
CS
75+
CS
45-60
CS
30-45
CS
45 60
CS
15-30
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Fair
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Cond
Cond
Fair
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Ownership
City
C4
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/07)
ADDRESS 2855 Carlsbad Blvd.
Tree # Species
F-25 Washingtonia robusta
ADDRESS 421 Grand Avenue
Tree # Species
F-26 Chorisia speicosa
ADDRESS 507 Grand Avenue
Tree # Species
F-27 Erythrina caffra
Dbh
06-12
Dbh
30-36
Dbh
42-48
Hgt
60-75
Hgt
30-45
Hgt
15-30
CS
0-15
CS
30-45
CS
30-45
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Cond
Fair
Ownership
Private
Ownership
City
Ownership
Private
ADDRESS 2956 #3 Roosevelt Street
Tree # Species
ADDRESS 2945 Madison Street
Tree # Species
R-29 Tipuana tipu
Dbh
03 06
Dbh
24-30
Hgt
1 5 30
Hgt
15-30
CS
1 5 30
CS
45-60
Vigor
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Cond
Good
Ownership
Ownership
Private
ADDRESS 600 Block Grand Avenue
Tree # Species
F-30 Eucalyptus cladocalyx
Dbh
48+
Hgt
75+
CS
30-45
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Fair
Ownership
City
C5
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/07)
ADDRESS 2943 Jefferson Street
Tree # Species
R-3 1 Eucalyptus globulus
ADDRESS 29 1 0 Jefferson Street
Tree # Species
S-32 Eucalyptus cladocalyx
ADDRESS 865 Grand Avenue
Tree # Species
F-33 Eucalyptus cladocalyx
ADDRESS 2879 Jefferson Street
Tree # Species
ADDRESS 2865 Jefferson Street
Tree # Species
F-35 Duranta erecta
ADDRESS 2865 Jefferson Street
Tree # Species
F-36 Schefflera actinophylla
Dbh
42-48
Dbh
48+
Dbh
48+
Dbh
30 36
Dbh
06-12
Dbh
06-12
Hgt
75+
Hgt
75+
Hgt
75+
Hgt
1 5 30
Hgt
0-15
Hgt
15-30
cs
30-45
CS
60-75
CS
75+
CS
1 5 30
CS
15-30
CS
15-30
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Fair
Cond
Fair
Cond
Good
Cond
Cond
Good
Cond
Fair
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
Ownership
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Private
C6
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/0?)
ADDRESS 2801 Jefferson Street
Tree # Species
ADDRESS 2714 Madison Street
Tree # Species
Dbh
"i/\ 30
Dbh
IK If.
ADDRESS 1 Lt. Maxton Brown Park
Tree # Species Dbh
TA if.
ADDRESS 1 Lt. Maxton Brown Park
Tree # Species
F-40 Erythrina caffra
ADDRESS 1 Buena Vista Lagoon
Tree # Species
F-41 Platanus racemosa
ADDRESS 2772 Roosevelt Street
Tree # Species
F-42 Pinus halepensis
Dbh
24-30
Dbh
24-30
Dbh
30-36
Hgt
1 5 30
Hgt
30 -15
Hgt
1 5 30
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
45-60
Hgt
45-60
CS
1 S 30
CS
1 5 30
CS
-1s; 60
CS
45-60
CS
75+
CS
30-45
Vigor
Vigor
Vigor
VJiuwmg
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Cond
Cond
Cond
Fair
Cond
Good
Cond
Fair
Ownership
Ownership
Ownership
Tit"^uy
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
Ownership
Federal
C7
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/0?)
ADDRESS 2777 Roosevelt Street
Tree # Species
ADDRESS 2812 Roosevelt Street
Tree # Species
F-44 Ceratonia siliqua
ADDRESS 645 Carlsbad Village
Tree # Species
S-45 Schinus terebinthifolius
ADDRESS 675 Carlsbad Village
Tree # Species
S-46 Brachychiton discolor
ADDRESS 825 Carlsbad Village
Tree # Species
S-47 Ficus microcarpa
ADDRESS 3048 Jefferson Street
Tree # Species
F-48 Tecoma stans
Dbh
06 1°
Dbh
18-24
Drive
Dbh
24-30
Drive
Dbh
18-24
Drive
Dbh
30-36
Dbh
03-06
Hgt
1 5 30
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
30-45
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
45-60
Hgt
15-30
cs
15 30
CS
30-45
CS
30-45
CS
15-30
CS
45-60
CS
0-15
Vigor
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Cond
Fair
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Cond
Fair
Ownership
Privite
Ownership
Private
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
Ownership
Private
C8
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/0?)
ADDRESS 3048 Jefferson Street
Tree # Species
R-49 Pcrsea americana
ADDRESS 3048 Jefferson Street
Tree # Species
ADDRESS 3091 Jefferson Street
Tree # Species
F-5 1 Cinnamomum camphora
ADDRESS 3096 Harding Street
Tree # Species
R-52 Washingtonia filifera
ADDRESS 897 Oak Avenue
Tree # Species
F-53 Ficus rubiginosa
ADDRESS 3115 Harding Street
Tree # Species
F. &A Nf»rhim nlanndar -
Dbh
12-18
Dbh
n 19
Dbh
36-42
Dbh
24-30
Dbh
24-30
Dbh
flfi n
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
15 30
Hgt
30-45
Hgt
30-45
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
IS ™
CS
30-45
CS
-IS 60
CS
60-75
CS
15-30
CS
30-45
CS
IS ™
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
(Growing
Cond
Good
Cond
GnnH
Cond
Good
Cond
Fair
Cond
Good
Cond
Fnir
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Privitp
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Grty Private
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Privntp
C9
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/07)
ADDRESS 3156 Harding Street
Tree # Species
F-55 Agathis robusta
ADDRESS 799 Pine Avenue
Tree # Species
F-56 Pinus radiata
ADDRESS 3380 Harding Street
Tree # Species
S-57 Ceratonia siliqua
ADDRESS 3354 Madison Street
Tree # Species
ADDRESS 799 Pine Avenue
Tree # Species
F-59 Jacaranda mimosifolia
ADDRESS 3250 Roosevelt Street
Tree # Species
R-60 Leucaena glauca
Dbh
12-18
Dbh
30-36
Dbh
30-36
Dbh
n m
Dbh
12-18
Dbh
12-18
Hgt
45-60
Hgt
45-60
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
1 5 30
Hgt
30-45
Hgt
15-30
cs
0-15
CS
45-60
CS
30-45
CS
1 S If)
CS
45-60
CS
30-45
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Fair
Cond
Fair
Cond
Good
Cond
Cond
Fair
Cond
Good
Ownership
Private
Ownership
City
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Pitv\^ny
Ownership
City
Ownership
Private
C10
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/0?)
ADDRESS 3250 Roosevelt Street
Tree # Species
R-61 Psidium cattleianum
ADDRESS 3 1 50 Roosevelt Street
Tree # Species
F-62 Ficus microcarpa
ADDRESS 500 Block Oak Avenue
Tree # Species
F-63 Eucalyptus cladocalyx
Dbh
06-12
Dbh
36-42
Dbh
48+
Hgt
0-15
Hgt
45-60
Hgt
75+
CS
30-45
CS
45-60
CS
45-60
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Good
Cond
Fair
Cond
Fair
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Private
Ownership
City
ADDRESS 1231 Basswood Avenue
Tree # Species
F-64 Bauhinia variegata
Dbh
12-18
Hgt
15-30
CS
30-45
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Good
Ownership
Private
ADDRESS 1 284 Basswood Avenue
Tree # Species
F-65 Sequoia sempervirens
ADDRESS 3315 McKinley Street
Tree # Species
S-66 Persea americana
Dbh
24-30
Dbh
18-24
Hgt
45-60
Hgt
30-45
CS
15-30
CS
30-45
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Fair
Cond
Good
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Gity Private
C11
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/07)
ADDRESS 3270 McKinley Street
Tree # Species
F-67 Juniperus chinensis 'Torulosa'
ADDRESS 3437 Highland Drive
Tree # Species
F-68 Podocarpus gracilior
ADDRESS 3546 Highland Drive
Tree # Species
F-69 Pinus torreyana
ADDRESS 3454 Highland Drive
Tree # Species
ADDRESS 3384 Highland Drive
Tree # Species
F-71 Eucalyptus globulus
ADDRESS 3276 Highland Drive
Tree # Species
F-72 Eucalyptus globulus
Dbh
06-12
Dbh
24-30
Dbh
48+
Dbh
">4 30
Dbh
42-48
Dbh
42-48
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
30-45
Hgt
75+
Hgt
30 15
Hgt
45-60
Hgt
60-75
CS
30-45
CS
30-45
CS
75+
CS
45 60
CS
45-60
CS
45-60
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
VJl U VV lllg
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Fair
Cond
Fair
Cond
Good
Cond
Cond
Fair
Cond
Fair
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Ownership
City ?
Ownership
City
C12
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/0?)
ADDRESS 3 1 54 Highland Drive
Tree # Species
F-73 Pinus torreyana
ADDRESS 1366 Pine Avenue
Tree # Species
F-74 Pinus halenpcnsis
ADDRESS 1 308 Pine Avenue
Tree # Species
F-75 Pinus torreyana
ADDRESS 1 307 Pine Avenue
Tree # Species
F-76 Hymenosporum flavum
ADDRESS 11 44 Pine Avenue
Tree # Species
ADDRESS 1 1 66 Carlsbad Village
Tree # Species
F-78 Pinus torreyana
Dbh
48+
Dbh
36-42
Dbh
48+
Dbh
06-12
Dbh
10 0/1
Drive
Dbh
36-42
Hgt
75+
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
75+
Hgt
30-45
Hgt
30 15
Hgt
60-75
CS
75+
CS
45-60
CS
75+
CS
0-15
CS
1 5 ^0
CS
75+
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
uiuvvmg
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Good
Cond
Fair
Cond
Fair
Cond
Fair
Cond
Cond
Good
Ownership
Private
Ownership
City ?
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Ownership
City
C13
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/0?)
ADDRESS 1 1 66 Carlsbad Village
Tree # Species
F-79 Dracaena draco
ADDRESS 30 16 Highland Drive
Tree # Species
F-80 Phoenix canaricnsis
Drive
Dbh
12-18
Dbh
30-36
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
60-75
CS
0-15
CS
15-30
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Fair
Cond
Good
Ownership
City
Ownership
Private
ADDRESS 1542, 1546 & 1 550 Oak Avenue
Tree # Species
F-81 Pinus torrcyana
Dbh
48+
Hgt
75+
CS
75+
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Good
Ownership
City
ADDRESS 1 542, 1 546 & 1 550 Oak Avenue
Tree # Species
F-82 Grevillea robusta
ADDRESS 3 1 40 Highland Drive
Tree # Species
F-83 Casimiora edulis
ADDRESS 3 125 Highland Drive
Tree # Species
R-84 Magnolia graniflora
Dbh
30-36
Dbh
06-12
Dbh
24-30
Hgt
75+
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
45-60
CS
30-45
CS
30-45
CS
45-60
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Fair
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Ownership
City
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Private
C14
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/07)
ADDRESS 3081 Highland Drive
Tree # Species
S-85 Acacia spp.
ADDRESS 3081 Highland Drive
Tree # Species
R-86 Syagrus romanzoffianum
ADDRESS 1 340 Oak Avenue
Tree # Species
F-87 Ficus microcarpa
ADDRESS 1 1 73 Oak Avenue
Tree # Species
F-88 Callistemon rigidus
ADDRESS 1 139 Oak Avenue
Tree # Species
F-89 Schinus molle
ADDRESS 3050 Pio Pico Drive
Tree # Species
S-90 Olea europaea
Dbh
24-30
Dbh
12-18
Dbh
30-36
Dbh
24-30
Dbh
36-42
Dbh
30-36
Hgt
30-45
Hgt
60-75
Hgt
45-60
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
30-45
Hgt
30-45
CS
30-45
CS
15-30
CS
60-75
CS
30-45
CS
30-45
CS
30-45
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Ownership
Privnte9 Citv
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Privite1? Citv
Ownership
Private
Ownership
Private
Ownership
City
C15
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/0?)
ADDRESS 443^ 1103 Oak Avenue
Tree # Species
F-91 Casimiora edulis
Dbh
12-18
Hgt
30-45
CS
30-45
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Good
Ownership
City
ADDRESS 4-m 11 03 Oak Avenue
Tree # Species
F-92 Schinus terebinthifolius
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
F-93 Eucalyptus cladocalyx
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
F-94 Chiranthodendron pentadactylon
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
F-95 Eucalyptus cladocalyx
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
F-96 Eucalyptus cladocalyx
Dbh
36-42
Dbh
48+
Dbh
12-18
Dbh
48+
Dbh
48+
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
75+
Hgt
30-45
Hgt
75+
Hgt
45-60
CS
45-60
CS
75+
CS
15-30
CS
75+
CS
75+
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Good
Cond
Fair
Cond
Fair
Cond
Fair
Cond
Fair
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
C16
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/0?)
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
F-97 Pittosporum undulatum
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
F-98 Agonis flcxuousa
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
F-99 Fraxinus uhdei
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
F-100 Fraxinus uhdei
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
F- 1 0 1 Platanus x acerifolia
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
F-102 Eucalyptus citriodora
Dbh
30-36
Dbh
42-48
Dbh
48+
Dbh
48+
Dbh
24-30
Dbh
30-36
Hgt
30-45
Hgt
15-30
Hgt
75+
Hgt
75+
Hgt
60-75
Hgt
75+
CS
45-60
CS
30-45
CS
60-75
CS
60-75
CS
75+
CS
45-60
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Cond
Good
Cond
Poor
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Cond
Good
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
C17
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/0?)
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
F-103 Araucaria cunninghamii
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
F-104 Araucaria bidwillii
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
F-106 Pinus torreyana
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
F 1 OS Mptnconiim'fi alvntnctrnhnirlnr.
Dbh
06-12
Dbh
24-30
Dbh
A 01
Dbh
48+
Dbh
0/1 30
Dbh
nfi n
Hgt CS
30-45 15-30
Hgt CS
60-75 45-60
Hgt CS
"75+ ^5+
Hgt CS
60-75 75+
Hgt CS
7 n /i 5 /is fin
Hgt CS
/\<\ fin is ^n
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Vigor
Growing
Vigor
Vigor
frrmvinc*
Cond
Fair
Cond
Good
Cond
Cond
Good
Cond
frond
Cond
Hnnrl
Ownership
City
Ownership
City
Ownership
Pitv
Ownership
City
Ownership
fit\r\^uy
Ownership
Tin/
C18
Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory (Revised 09/30/07)
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
F-109 Liquidambar styraciflua
ADDRESS 1 Holiday Park
Tree # Species
TH" 1 1 0 SrVnnnc nnK/onmnc
Dbh
18-24
Dbh
1S 'M
Hgt
60-75
Hgt
is t.0
CS
30-45
CS
4S 6fl
Vigor Cond
Growing Good
Vigor Cond
^rn\vin t* T^iir
Ownership
City
Ownership
ritv
NOTE:
Under Tree # the meaning of the letter designations are as follows:
F = tree is located on the front of the property listed in the street address or in the named park
S = tree is located on a side street
R = tree is located at the rear of the property or off an alley
C19
APPENDIX D
Appendix D:
Heritage Tree Data Summary - Diameter
How to use this information
This summary shows the number and percentage of trees in each DBH
(Diameter Breast Height) size range. The ranges are given in inches and the
trees are measured at 54" above the ground level. The data shows that the
largest number of trees, 22 out of 110, (20%) are greater than 48" in diameter.
DBH Summary Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory
DBH (in inches) Percentage Count
03-06
06-12
12-18
18-24
24-30
30-36
36-42
42-48
48+
2
13
15
7
20
17
7
7
22
1 .82%
1 1 .82%
13.64%
6.36%
18.18%
15.45%
6.36%
6.36%
20.00%
Total Number of Planted Sites 110 % of Planted Sites 100.00%
DBH is the trunk diameter measured in inches at 54" above ground level.
03/15/02 Wisniewski & Associates Page 1 of 1
APPENDIX E
Appendix E:
Heritage Tree Data Summary - Height
How to use this information
This summary shows the number and percentage of trees in each Height size
range. The ranges are given in feet. The data shows that the largest number of
trees, 36 out of 110, (32.73%) are between 15' to 30' tall.
Height Summary Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory
Height (in feet)Count Percentage
0-15
15-30
30-45
45-60
60-75
75+
2
36
23
21
12
16
1 .82%
32.73%
20.91%
19.09%
10.91%
14.55%
Total Number of Planted Sites 110 % of Planted Sites 100.00%
03/15/02 Wisniewski & Associates Page 1 of 1
APPENDIX F
Appendix F:
Heritage Tree Data Summary - Canopy Spread
How to use this information
This summary shows the number and percentage of trees in each Canopy
Spread size range. The ranges are given in feet. The data shows that the largest
number of trees, 33 out of 110, (30%) have canopies that are between 30' to 45'
wide.
Canopy Spread Summary Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory
Canopy Spread (in feet) Count Percentage
0-15
15-30
30-45
45-60
60-75
75+
5
27
33
24
5
16
4.55%
24.55%
30.00%
21.82%
4.55%
14.55%
Total Number of Planted Sites 110 % of Planted Sites 100.00%
03/15/02 Wisniewski & Associates Page 1 of 1
APPENDIX G
Appendix G:
Heritage Tree Data Summary - Vigor
How to use this information
This summary shows the number and percentage of trees in each Vigor
category. Vigor is a visual assessment of the growth indicators of the tree. The
data shows that the largest number of trees, 109 out of 110, (99.09%), are
growing.
Vigor Summary Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory
Vigor Count Percentage
Growing 109 99.09%
Declining 1 0.91%
Total Number of Planted Sites 110 % of Planted Sites 100.00%
03/15/02 Wisniewski & Associates Page 1 of 1
APPENDIX H
Appendix H:
Heritage Tree Data Summary - Condition
How to use this information
This summary shows the number and percentage of trees in each Condition
category. Condition rating is the result of numerical scores that are given to
various parts of the tree and are then calculated to provide an overall condition
rating for the tree. The data shows that the largest number of trees, 60 out of
110, (54.55%), are in good condition.
Condition Summary Carlsbad Heritage Tree Inventory
Condition Count Percentage
Good 60 54.55%
Fair 45 40.91%
Poor 5 4.55%
Total Number of Planted Sites 110 % of Planted Sites 100.00%
03/15/02 Wisniewski & Associates Page 1 of 1
APPENDIX I
Appendix I:
Newspaper Articles and other reprinted material
How to use this information
This is a collection of articles from local newspapers discussing various issues
and concerns involving trees. Some of the articles are about specific Heritage
Trees listed in this study.
;| Carlnbad leaped Into fame lhl» week*
«t the lUverMde'County Falr.'at nirer-
>klo. when It captared first honora for
hiiTlng . (ho .greatest nnrt..be«t display
p'f avocado! In Southern-^California,
aod won second prlzo for the beat out-
ride community dlaplay;.".''>;?> .• ".•'.',-V ' •' ' '•-.--.' '>,'.•• • -<•' '.-••W':*'••-'• '>•'.'•*••.In the latter content'CJilnowa« first
i'nd the republic;•• of ,\ Chile, South
America, waa third.' Th« Carlfbad'rfc-
tory carried' ah Incidental emolument
of |176 ID gold.'lVv^V;'? •.*;•;•> > ; ' • ',J'.»
j When. It" 1» knOTyi that the tllter-
aldg fair this year in attracting cape-
city attendance .it will quickly be rec-
Qtrnlied that each'distinctions aa'thoao
awarded to Carlsbad' against formid-
able contenders will b« Inretuablt as
a ineana. of publicity.-!The attendance
»t the fulr on the eecond day. Wcd-
neaday, was quoted at 30,000, with all
indlcatlona pointing to nlmllar attend-
ance rbc remalnilcr of tlio week, '
.'The Carlsbad dlaplny was" planned
uii'l prepared under the ansplcea of
[the Carlsbad Chamber of,'Cohimerc*
[and the Carlabad Avocado clnb. Oeorgo
ILcnch, Carlsbad' artist designed and
IbtilH the booth, and Ti. C. Alice'.and
0. Y. linker, members of both organ-
Ir.nMuns, are spending .. the week Jn
Riverside conducting the display, to-
gether with Mrs.'Alhw. • • • • '
.''..Wlille the-capture of -.the
prize fur outside coramunlty
with I'litlrc nations compctlnjT for lion-
brs, In « record of no smnll proportion,
Mr. Allos telephones The Journal that i
italic n ward far. having the best display
o^ nvociulos attracted , itate*wlde at-
tention and1 Indisputably'.' clinches
i(Jnrl»il>nd'» ciulm'In'California as be-
illig Ilio "nome ot the '.Avocado." Ki-1
fblbltorii of • avocados" from 'the 'older
"ix;llonii of that part of'th'«u»Uto con-
tlmt the Carlsbad display out-
In slue, .quality and variety the
;pYoiliieti! of uther. eectlona..1 •'
4.yiio,f Carlabnd display", Including its
ran gn ft I cent booth! will1" Be toftTta," lu-
tiict from Ulvcrsldn ocxt Jfonduy, I
whcn~lt'will be tflken to Son niego
where'It will'be on exhibition at tlic
flan Dlcgo county fair. •'! " ,: '
THOUSAND OF PEOPLE from throughout th« southland gathered in Carlsbad during
the early part of the century to help local residents celebrate Avocado Day which ^was
held annually. It was. discontinued shortly before World War EL
,..'':• . •" • (Avocado Annual Report Photo)
people and, m addition to dis-ljust been newly paved, was re- gettier or old friends and ac-plays ol the various types of served (or the meeting. Lunch' quaintances. Everyone remark-
avocados popular In Carlsbad, it eon tables occupied the middle cd on the excellence of thedemonstrated the use of ava- at the street, while on one side luncheon and the hospitality ol
cados In Just about everything booths had been provided tor the Carlsbad people. New con-front salads to Ice cream. exhibitors, and on the other side verts to the avocado idea hadSemi-Annual Meeting of Cal- a large tent with seats housed an opportunity ol sampling theUomla Avocado . Association the afternoon speaking pro- fruit, viewing the nursery stock,1 and Carlsbad Avocado Day gram. Music was furnished by getting reliable information andCarlsbad. October 10, 1029 the Carlsbad Orchestra. . printed matter, talking to ex-
Taken Irom Calif. Avocado' "At l:30p.m. President, Button perienced growers, and visiting
Association arawaf report "925. ot the Avocado Association «all. **..™?y «*a"«™ <™h«"*1926s . ed the regular Fall meeting to r">«*»
One of the best-attended and ?***. TtojwpjmjrticJ^ I*
(enjoyed by the people Interested|
| bad Avocado Club, co-operatingI of the California Fruit Growers)
of Rancho Santa Fe on "Off-
Sam ThompEon, Chester Craig, operation." t _
iG. Y. Baker and others, plan- "At 7:30 p.m., at the packtagncd so well that everything went house, the people of Carlsbadj
ea ot the day. amounting W'Thc ^Stolen Flower Queen,about $1500, was raised bypop-land this was followed by danc- 'ular subscription. • to* later ln ^e evening.
"At 8 a.m; visitors began to "Altogether, the Carlsbad Av.arrive, and free automobiles cado Day was a great success,were Waiting to carty all who Practically everyone seriously
cared to go on sightseeing trips interested in avocados wasover the district At nion a there, and they came from «Usplendid avocado luncheon was g?rts ol Southern Calilornia.
provided free to everybody. This There was ample oPPort"" *consisted of avocado salad, avo- l°* «» meeting and visitmg to-cado sandwiches,, avocado icecream, avocado, cake and cof-
fee. Twelve hundred pounds ofavocados were consumed.''Thethrough auto traffic was divert-ed to side streets and the .mainstreet of the .town, which had
o
0o
o
oo
O
Q
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Carlsbad Friends of the Library
English Times 1-4
Page 36
A DREAM OF GREEN
The water that turned Carlsbad green also brought a flood tide of agricultural
entrepreneurs, eager to share in the promised bounty of the newly fertile land. From
the worn-out soil of Los Angeles and the colder climes of the Midwest came growers
of avocados and flowers. Their lush groves and colorful fields soon spread east and
south of town. Nearly all were Innovators, looking for space and time to experiment
with methods of producing new varieties of seeds, plants and produce. As with all
farming, it was hard, dirty work, but the fruits of their labors were recognized in
Carlsbad's emergence as the flower and avocado growing capital of the western
world.
Sam Thompson planted Carlsbad's first grove of avocado trees in 1916. Two
years later, the former Orange County nurseryman moved his trees west to eight
acres on Highland Drive where he could experiment to develop new strains of the
smooth creamy fruit.
He was followed in 1920 by £. G. Litchfield, who planted a three-acre grove
along the north shore of Agua Hedionda lagoon. Litchfield's previous agricultural
experience had been as a Canadian wheat grower, and he approached avocado
growing as an opportunity to test his theories on efficient agricultural management.
Claiming that "one man can care for a small avocado grove if he works eight hours a
day and has the right irrigation system," Lilchfield put his words to action with the
help of overhead sprinklers and an occasional employee. Before long, he built a
handsome Spanish-style home adjoining the grove that became a symbol of his
success and a community showplace.
By 1923, L. C. Alles and A. W, Theissinger also had planted avocado groves
in Carlsbad. Alles preceded his planting with ten years of study which led him to
concur with Litchfield on the value of overhead sprinklers. He planted seedlings just
a block from the Carlsbad elementary school, to serve as a windbreak for a twenty-
six-acre grove that was within walking distance of the town's business district.
Theissinger had come to Carlsbad for lus health in 192], following a career as a
jeweler in Los Angeles. Undaunted by his lack of farming experience, he put all his
faith in watering and fertilizer. He planted 250 avocado seeds on laud overlooking
Buena Vista lagoon and produced 70 specimens of Fuarie and Dickinson avocados.
Although he spent an estimated SI ,500 per acre for barnyard manure, it proved to be
a valid investment; four years after his initial planting, his grove gained recognition
as the most financially successful in the county.
It was Thompson who recognized the opportunities to institutionalize the
avocado Industry in 1923. His initial proposal for a growers' club attracted thirteen
charter members, but within a year, the roll call of the Carlsbad Avocado Club had
grown to ninety-two names. In order to encourage awareness of their exotic product,
one of the club's first projects was the organization of a community celebration in ils
honor. Avocado Days featured samples of avocado sandwiches, avocado cake and
avocado ice cream, as well as avocados, plain and unadulterated as they were picked
and ripened from the trees. With Thompson furnishing a major portion of the
exhibits, serving in the food booths and acting as a one-man information service, the
event's success led to its unanimous acceptance as a Carlsbad tradition—and the
only way to spend the first Saturday in October.
Although there may have been some dubious tasters at the first Avocado
Days, the initial butch of ice cream that began with the smashing of 250 avocados
was an instant hit. Scaled-down recipes of it and other delicacies were soon in
demand. Two years later, when the event was expanded to include the semiannual
meeting of the California Avocado Association, nearly 5,000 visitors swarmed
.through the simple street fair. A news item reporting that Thompson, as usual,
"talked himself hoarse by answering all manner of questions" indicates the club's
successful achievement of its goal.
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"**' Carlsbad Friends of (he Library
**>, English Times J -4
""*' Page 37«•*
ugl? With peak plantings between 1935 and 1940, Carlsbad became the center of
D the Southern California avocado industry in 1943. By that time, the qualities thai
had made the town so healthy for avocados had been recognized for their benefits
Ofor human existence, coo, and the demand for residential land soon was taking its
toll in rising production costs and lower water quality. As the land became more ex-
<^\ pensive, increased pumping lowered the water lable in San Luis Rey, making the
*** water saltier and less than beneficial for agricultural purposes.
O in addition, marketing problems also were surfacing. The public thai once
needed to be coaxed to even try an "alligator pear" (the name coined for extra ap-
**\ peal), now seemed to be demanding fruit with softer skins, sweeter taste, deeper col-
***' or, or a longer season. Although Thompson and others had developed several new
O strains of avocados, consumers' jaded palates appeared tu be affecting avocado
sales throughout the county.
•^ By 1951 many growers opted to quit while they were still ahead, leaving their
'*"•' groves to wither in the sun. But the land was still good and there was sufficient water
*^i for less thirsty crops, so while some trees were destined to provide shade for new
"*** back yards, others were removed to make room for new agricultural purposes.
**""*> Gladioli growers Clint and Elmer Pedley took over an abandoned avocado
*"^ grove to experiment with seeds of a rare South African plant, the Slreulitzea reginae,
^"^ more commonly known as bird of paradise. Clint PcdJey had received some "bird"
seeds in 1934 as partial payment of an old debt, and his brother had obtained addi-
***} tional plants from Kate Sessions, San Diego's pioneer horticulturist. The Pedleys'
hope of developing a strain which could be grown commercially was finally fulfilled
*^ in 1951, when their greenhouse specimens were ready to be planted in an old avocado
grove on Magnolia Avenue.
'**"'; When questioned by a San Diego news reporter, Elmer Pedley stated that
since avocados could "no longer be raised with city water," lie was going to conccu-
_'*^ irate on the exotic orange and blue flowers which resemble a bird in flight. The
blooms were not an instant commercial success, but as Clint Pcdley demonstrated
,"*^ their brilliant color and adaptability in flower arrangements, the demand slowly
grew. Donald Briggs was another Carlsbad grower who recognized the potential in
7^ the new flower, and he. planted the tough broad-leafed clumps on land overlooking
the east end of Agua Hedionda lagoon. He and the Pedleys formed a company,
•fj California Birds, to plant, cut and ship their blooms all over the country. Local
recognition of their product came shortly after Carlsbad was incorporated in 1952,
^^ and the bird of paradise was adopted as the official city flower.
^_ After the initial success of the Carlsbad "bird," continued hybridizing 1m-
•^gi proved their strength and durability for the cut-flower market. The product was fur-
„_ ther improved with a translucent cap which could be slipped over buds ripening in:i^ the field. The caps enable the blooms 10 open into a see-through bag, protecting
them from the weather and shielding them from the ravages of their winged counter-
^ parts.
Up until 1972, bird of paradise fields covered the hillside west of Sunnyhill
i^l Drive to Agua Hedionda lagoon, but with the completion of the land cycle from
plants to people, only the Magnolia Avenue field, where the Pedleys planted their
LJ first "flock, "remains. To the cast of it, on the corner of Valley Street, is another ex-
^ ample of Elmer Pedley's foresight, a pumice rock house, whose volcanic ash com-
^^ position provides perfect insulation for the energy-conscious generation now living
—^ there.
^^ The gladioli once grown by the Pedleys initially were brought to Carlsbad in
O I921 by Luther Gage, a nurseryman from Montcbello, near Los Angeles. After
planting five acres of freesias and winter glads for the Los Angeles flower market, he
O turned to development of a new strain of ranunculus, anemones and freesias bulbs
which were patented under the Tecolote label. The name came from the flocks of
j-. ground owls that shared his property at the corner of Tamarack Avenue and Fourth
D Sireet.
•*•>, Ciirkbad Friends of the Library
-n& English Times 1-4
«*v Page 38
The floral blankets of brilliant color that covered the hills overlooking the
*^J ocean in south Carlsbad during the 1970s were the result of Gage's bulb develop-
ment. They were descendants of Gage's original bulbs, and were planted for pro-
*^ pagation and left in the ground through their full blooming season, adding ihcir in-
***' credible hues to the freeway landscape. Recent land cost escalations have threatened
**! the future of this agricultural operation.
**^ Luther Gage lost no lime in becoming involved in his new community. 1m-
/«•* mediately after R. G. Chase's charter presidency of the Chamber of Commerce,
<<Mr Gage was elected to lead the civic group in 1924. He also served as director of the
,pt Carlsbad Mutual Water Company and president of the Oceanside Rotary Club.
9f After his marriage to Olive Carey in 1934, Gage built the spacious adobe home on
•
llie northeast corner of Lincoln Street and Oak Avenue thai is now the centerpiece of
the Monterrey Condominiums.
4^ Harry Bailey followed Gage to Carlsbad from Montebello in 1923. Besides
•80 freesias, lilies, anemones and ranunculus, the former nurseryman also planted a
0 third of an acre in ferns to produce seeds for shipment to nurseries in Florida. By
1927 he was harvesting 1,000 pounds of the bullet-shaped pods which dotted the fern
itm^ branches and leaves, and selling [hem for five dollars per pound.
j Poinsettias, another plant that once brightened the coastal scene with their
Christmas blooms, were brought to the area in 1923 by Paul Ecke. The veteran Los
'^N Angeles nurseryman moved his growing operation to Encinilas, and his red-leaved
^"^ plants soon covered acres of land north to Agua Hedionda lagoon. For nearly forty
"^^ years, field-grown poinsettias were harvested in spring and shipped to greenhouses
"*"* east of the Mississippi where they were used as cuttings to produce plants for the
''**"; holiday season. In 1963 the festive plants began to disappear from the coastal fields
"*"*' to be gradually replaced by crops of tomatoes and beans. Abandoning the outdoor
•**"• fields, Ecke now concentrates on supplying greenhouse-grown cuttings to wholcsalc-
'*•' plant dealers all over the world. His ranch still produces a Christmas crop of bloom-
<"^> ing poinsettias and hydrangeas for the retail florist trade in California, Arizona and
'*"*' Mexico. Paul Ecke Jr., who now heads the family business, also has continued his
»*^ father's experimentation and develomenl of improved strains of poinsettias.
"*•/ Perhaps the most dedicated horticulturist to come to Carlsbad was
„•*, E. P. Zimmerman, who arrived in 1924. He was a native, of Germany and he had
"m,-* searched for fifteen years to find a frost-free, humid environment in which to breed
jg~ ciivias. He was a third-generation nurseryman whose plant stock was descended
,jj' from the seeds of a specimen grown in the English conservatory of Lady Clive, (he
Duchess of Northumberland. Zimmerman's grandfather had obtained the seeds
J^j after hearing explorers and missionaries describe the bell-shaped blooms as "pools
of gold" seen in the dark shade of cork oaks along the Fish River in South Africa.
'**^i Zimmerman had brought the mother plants produced by his grandfather's seeds to
the United States in 19] 1, in order to compare them with the new strains which he
'_} hoped to develop.
Once moved to Carlsbad, the seedlings were sheltered in long lath houses.
-*J> They took a year to ripen and four or five more years to produce the golden blooms
"*"" of the original species. Zimmerman patiently waited, hybridized and planted, and
***V wailed some more, before successfully producing blossoms that ranged from white
****^ to yellow, orange and red. Four more plant generations were then required before
.<^*^ Zimmerman could be sure of the stability of his new clivia varieties.
•*f At one lime, Zimmerman had over 30,000 clivia plants, some with as many as
,*••, thirty blooms on a single stalk. His greenhouses were the mecca for horticulturists
<*^ from all over the world, but he tended to downplay the skills that had brought him
O such spectacular success; his main advice for growing the plant that was the heart of
his life's work was to "leave it alone as much as possible."
^•L Zimmerman also produced the highest quality of gladioli and other bulb
||JP products for the Los Angeles flower market. His wife Minnie was partial to the white
—^ and pink clusters of watsonias jvhich he cross pollinated fur fourteen years to pro-
fijp duce twenty-five new color strains, ranging from red tu lilac.
1^^^
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Carlsbad Friends of [he Library
Englisli Times 1-4
' Page 39
Japanese vegetable growers also came to Carlsbad just after World War I.
Lisied in the San Diego Ciry and County Directory for 1920 arc names such as
S. Kawarnauri, R. Sagura.T. Saksma and Roy Tokido. Although they were
prevented from owning their own land by the 1850 federal Exclusion Act, long-time
Carlsbad residents recall poultry, grain and winter vegetables farmed by the
Japanese on leased land. A succession of aphid plagues and difficulties in obtaining
water finally forced them to move on. After repeal of the discriminatory legislation
that existed prior to World War II, many Japanese moved back to Carlsbad to grow
carnations and tomatoes.
Even with the availability of water, farm life in the 1920s was hard and
parents were dependent on their children for help in the fields and at home. Accord-
ing to Marjorie Frazee Miecke, there was precious little playtime after school, and
she was frequently left at home in charge of chores and her three younger brothers.
Frank Frazee's family lived in a three-room tar-paper house and farmed dry beans
on leased land east of El Camino Kcal, outside of the Carlsbad Mutual Water Com-
pany's Service area . Frazae also grew cucumbers on tlie slope west of Highland Drive
near Elm Avenue and supplied milk lo the growing number of "downtown residents
whose relatively urbanized situation prevented them from keeping a cow of their
own.
One of the hazards of their simple life was realized on Sunday in June of 1 924
while Frank Frazee and his wife harvested their cucumber crop and their children re-
mained at home. The bean harvest had been bagged and stacked behind the house,
awaiting delivery to its purchaser the next day. Nine-year-old Marjorie was in-
structed to wash the clothes, sweep the house and bring in the cows, but, as she later
has recalled, it was such a beautiful balmy day that her duties were delayed until tlie
middle of the afternoon.
The laundry tub of water had been on the kerosene stove for only a few
minutes before the young housekeeper noticed wisps of smoke beginning to curl
from the tarpaper sheathing behind it. With the household's only water supply in
barrels, and no hose to turn on the spreading fire, Marjorie first tried to smother it
with a blanket. When that didn't help she attempted to tear away the tarpaper that
surrounded the burn, but she soon saw that the situation was out of control. With
the help of her three young brothers, age three to seven, she began moving furniture
out of tlie house. Taking things in order of. their importance, the children started
with their father's papers, their Aunt Edna's sewing machine and the family Vic-
trola. Next came the beds and as many clothes and dishes they could gather before
the house was engulfed in flames.
"We put everything upwind front the house and yelled for help," Marjorie
Miecke remembers, "but there was no one to hear us. We watched the fire burn for a
while and then we said, 'Goodbye, house' and started off to tell our parents what
hud happened.
By the time [he children had walked two miles to the cucumber field, it was
getting dark and they were tired. They also were very reluctant to break the bad news
to their parents. Crawling into the family's Model T truck, they were sound asleep
when the Frazees came in from the fields and the events of the day finally had to be
shared. The family drove home, only to find thai the wind hud shifted, and
everything including the bean crop and the items that had been so laboriously re-
moved from the house had been destroyed,
The only thing left to do was lo drive on lo a friend's home where they stayed
the night. The next day, as other friends rallied around with donations of food and
clothing, the Frazees moved into the abandoned Calavera School house, where they
lived until a new home and farmland could be (cased in the San Luis Rey Valley.
Living so close to the soil was not in the scheme of things for a new breed of
gentlemen farmers who Came to Carlsbad in the late 1920s and early thirties. They
were weekend refugees from the Hollywood film industry who bought groves and
farmlands for investment as well as diversion. Bui they were serious about maintain-
ing their land's production and eagerly sought advice from iheir neighbors.
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6 — Wednosdoy. Morch 11. 1987 CorLbod Journal
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Old pine to be removed from Holiday Park
By Terry Snoayanfaos
Staff Writer
A tall old torrey pine near Holiday Park
will be removed soon to make way Tor
street Improvements being done on Eure-
ka'Place.
"We tried as best we could to save that
tree, but we couldn't—it's going to have to
go," s.id Project Manager Al Virgilio. of
the city's Engineering Department.
The $296,529 in Improvements include
widening streets around the park; adding
parking spaces, street lights, curbs, gut-
ters and sidewalks; solving drainage prob-
lems; and eliminating traffic hazards at
intersections around the park.
Virgilio investigated ways to save the
pine after concerned residents and parks
Superintendent Doug Duncanson asked
that plans for Eureka Place be modified to
accommodate the tree.
One option considered — running the
sidewalk around the tree — would require
another 15 feet of easements from and
reimbursement to the property owners,
Virgilio said.
Moving Improvements west to avoid the
tree would require shaving off a good-
sized chunk — about 60 feet — of Holiday
Park and removing other trees there, he
pointed out. While the city will have to
remove a few trees in the park to make
room for improvements, the number has
been kept to a minimum, Virgilio said.
"All we've been able to do, we've done."
Decreasing the size of the park to save
one tree Just wasn't an acceptable solu-
tion. "That park is probably the most high-
ly used park In the city," Virgilio said. "It's
one of the few serving the inner city,
where park space is at a premium."
The city has made plan adjustments in
order to save other trees around the park,
he said. "I personally realigned the storm
drain to avoid cutting down three major
eucalyptus trees," Virgilio said.
Residents in the area have also ques-
tioned the wisdom of moving all the utility
poles on Eureka to accommodate Im-
provements instead of putting utility lines
underground.
The cost of undergroundlng utilities "is
prohibitively expensive," Virgilio ex-
plained, especially for such a short stretch
of road. Putting utilities underground
costs about seven times more than moving
poles over. While the San Diego Gas and
Electric Company contributes to city
funds for undergroundlng lines, the city
doesn't have much in its coffers now for
such projects. The city generally uses
those funds for undergroundlng major
stretches, according to Virgilio.
"We would love to underground every-
thing if we had the money to do it," he said.
Street and other improvements around
Holiday Park are expected to be com-
pleted in late April or early May.
Trees #93,95 & 96
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Save tree on Oak Avenue
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In Carlsbad, what tree is Oak
Avenue famous for?
No, not an oak, but a eucalyptus!
How many species of eucalypt
trees are there? A former city horti
culturist said about 700.
How many trees of this type are
there in Carlsbad? I'll give you a
helpful hint. Purportedly more
than 14,000 in Hosp Grove. There's
another smaller grove opposite
Rancho Carlsbad Mobile Home
Park. There are numerous other
small clusters of these trees
throughout the city. I would guess
there are about 20,000 trees of this
class in the city, and I may be thou-
sands short.
Where is the biggest eucalyptus
tree in the city? Is it among the
14.000 trees in Hosp Grove? Across
the street from Rancho Carlsbad?
On Tamarack, north side, east of
Jefferson? On Grand east of
Harding? Along Highland Avenue?
On the north side of Holiday Park?
On Oak Avenue between State and
Roosevelt? Or none of the above?
There are no really big trees to
my knowledge in Hosp Grove, The
largest I have seen while wander-
ing through the grove are less than
3 feet in diameter, and these are
very few. Ditto for the grove across
the street from Rancho Carlsbad.
There are some larger than 3 feet
in diameter south of Elm Avenue
on Highland. On the north side of
Holiday Park on Pine there are sev-
eral huge trees. These are mon-
sters. The trunk of one of these
trees in particular reminds me of a
small kauri tree that grows in New
Zealand.
GIRARD ANEAR
The granddaddy of all the trees
in town that I have seen is the giant
across the street from the Boys &
Girls Club of Carlsbad on Oak
Avenue.The Hosp Grove trees are nearly
90 years old. The other larger trees
have to be about the same age as
my expert authority Betty Wollrich
states. The difference in size is pri-
marily the availability of water.
Formerly on Oak Avenue there
were two majestic trees. About six
months ago, the slightly smaller
tree was cut down. On inquiry, I
was informed the tree was dying,
about two-thirds dead, and had to
be removed for safety purposes.
Tonight on the Carlsbad City
Council's consent calendar, Item
No. 5 "Oak Avenue Street
Improvement," staff is recommend-
ing the removal of this remaining
tree because it interferes with the
field of vision of drivers coming out
of the alley adjacent to this 90-year-
old tree.
There's a better solution to this
-+ -? fproblem if this tree is still healthy.
This north-south alley is inter-
sected by an alley starting in the
middle of the block of State Street
between Elm and Oak avenues.
South of the "T" intersection are
only a couple of houses or conuner-
cial establishments that have
access to the alley. The southern
end of this alley could be blocked
off. This would still allow traffic to
enter and exit this area from either
State Street or the north end of the
alley off Elm Avenue. Both dis-
tances are very short on fully
improved alleys. There would be
no effect on pedestrian traffic.
Another alternative to consider
would be to have northbound one-
way traffic only in the alley.
I have admired and appreciated
large trees all over the world:
California's redwoods, pine trees,
eucalyptus, pepper trees (Camp
Pendleton ranch house); New
Zealand's kauri; Hawaii's banyan;
Mexico's tule (related to the
cypress family),
Certainly, we should make every
effort to preserve this venerable
giant eucalyptus. Its surroundings
could be beautified with the pro-
posed sidewalk and street improve-
ments, as was done with the tree on
Grand Avenue near Harding Street.
When this is done, this tree
should be displayed as a tourist
attraction, not ignominiously cut
into firewood.
Mayor "Buddy" Lewis frequent-
ly states, "We welcome your input.
All the council's phone numbers
are in the book."
An«arzs a resident o/Carlsbad.
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CARLSBAD — City ^
members Tuesday granted a stay of
execution to a large eucalyptus tree
in downtown Carlsbad.
The tree was slated to be cut
down to accommodate street,
drainage and sidewalk improve-
ments to Oak Avenue, which
prompted area residents to protest
the construction plans.
Council members agreed with
f isldents, voting 5-0 to postpone
approval of the construction pro-
ject until other solutions could be
checked out
Some ideas that were discussedincluded closing the entrance to
the Tyler Street Alley on the north
side of Oak Avenue, where the tree
is located, or making the alley a
one-way street
Residents presented their case
to the council Tuesday night Five
reprieve
people spoke in favor of keepingthe tree alive.
"I would like to have this tree
speak for itself," said Kay Chris-
tiansen, who showed three slides of
the giant tree, "Look at the tree and
see how beautifully it is shaped."
. Christiansen, a member of the
city's historical society, said the
trees downtown are an Important
part of the city's history.
>• See Tree, Page B-5
Tree
Woo
>From Page &-1
"We have changed the name of
Elm Avenue to Carlsbad Village
Drive and now we're starting to
crucify one of the most important
pieces of art in our village," she
said. "We are quite concerned with
this kind of destruction in Carls-
bad. We wish to have history
remain."
But city planners say the tree is
a safety hazard for pedestrians and
for drivers.
Bob Johnson, the city's traffic
engineer, said the tree blocks the
view east of the roadway for cars
coming out of the alley. Cars would
have to pull out into traffic to see
around the tree, he said.
"Your line of sight is totally
blocked by the trunk of this euca-
lyptus tree," Johnson said.
But Richard Madaraa, who said
he owns the adjacent property, said
only two cars a day use the small,
short alley. A retired LDI Angeles
police officer, Madama said he sees
no traffic hazard at the intersec-
tion.Councilman Eric Larson, who
made the motion to postpone the
vote, said his first concern is safety.
The tree is directly across the
street from the Carlsbad Boys &
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Edcalyptus tree f^J 1 __ ,, ^—-*t ~**J jS/ m* -, £7 -Xf^* f yO S} ^-"* — ^~ X" 7" x* "^"5* *^^~^lt j/ ~~^£-— ^-f * *
spared in Carlsbad
By Mark Lara bee
Staff Writer
CARLSBAD — .4Siu«e-eucalyp-
tus tree on Oak Avenue in down-
town Carlsbad will not be cut
down, the City Council ruled Tues-
day.
The tree, which sits near the
Tyler Street alley between State
and Roosevelt streets, was sched-
uled to be taken out to accommo-
date street, drainage and sidewalk
improvements to Oak Avenue
across the street from the Carlsbad
Boys-& Girls Club.
Earlier this month, downtown
indents and business owners
-protested plans to cut down the
tree, prompting the City Council to
delay a scheduled approval of the
project until the matter could be
studied.
At the recommendation of staff
members, the City Council on Tues-
day unanimously called for a
redesign of the project that would
save the tree:-
Robert Bichowsky of Butler's
Mill Inc., a San Diego tree special-ist hired by the city to inspect the
tree and its roots, said the tree is
> See Tree, Page B-3
iiisafely:accommodate traffic and;
will improve
problems on Oak Street."'
„ , , .,.. . , _. „ Engineer Lloyd Hubbs said/
jjv^ry healthy .and should be saved,|Rj. that although saving the tree would-1
jw."l..:was amazed,.to fmd'that the.i'mean'e'.SO percent.reduction jnT
sroots are'muchVmuch deeper-than.'i'idrainage^capaci.ty on the street,
'•, they are on 95 percent of the tre^ J-/;d.rainagesUhe.re;.:.stil|li;;WouJc(' be
^w^JN^H^PJ^Kav^Althbughtbids. for the"project"
wasrweTcomeji'"i3yvalready had been'submitted, the1
"'"' • "" advertise the project.!
late'the change in.,'i,,. •".-^•••r- - ' j'-*7— -*r rr' i~k; oV^'ll'-^ V • • •••t9ti*4 i-^HLr^1-*X;ij,*.W»^jL? , ..-£.(•*!.' You ye made my night,".'shqr.j
>.-'
residents did not1"
'meeting Tuesday,'-
'although Bichowsky praised the
"^"'To accommodate the tree,'the^'.city for its action. • ' •••>
sidewalk will be built around the ;?*i"I commend the city for wanting
front, narrowing the street by four -to'protect the tree," he said. "It
A-8 TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 28,1999 NORTH COUNTY TIMES
Carlsbad out to kill all the trees
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GARY PIRO
In his children.s book, "The
Giving Tree," Shel Silverstein
pays homage to trees and the
way they benefit and enrich our
lives. The story shows how trees
are taken for granted and only
appreciated after they are gone.
This is a lesson that could well be
heeded by the Carlsbad City
Council.
Through a sequence of seem-
ingly unrelated
events over the past
10 years, many intel-
ligent and well-
meaning city offi-
cials have unwitting-
ly turned Carlsbad
into arguably the most tree-un-
friendly community in the
greater San Diego area.
The first city action (which
ironically occurred about the
time that the city changed the
name of its main street from Elm
to Carlsbad Village Drive) was to
prohibit developers of new proj-
ects from installing any trees
within the city road right of way
— within 10 feet of a city curb.
It was followed by a require-
ment that anyone performing
§50,000 or more of improve-
ments to their home be required
to dedicate 30 feet of road right
of way and pay for the widening
of the road with curb, sidewalk
and treeless parkways, and anaggressive program of tree re-
moval wherever trees cause any
damage to sidewalks, curbs or as-
phalt roadways.
The net result has delivered a
tremendous blow to th\j charac-
ter of Olde Carlsbad, that area
COMMUNITY
FORUM
west of El Camino Real little by
little, streets are being widened,
trees are being removed, and
lush landscapes are being re-
placed by monotonous suburban
improvements.
Carlsbad is a case study of
what can go wrong when a city
governs itself with an excessive
concern for liability and the fi-
nancial bottom line. By being so
obsessed with avoiding potential
lawsuits, the city has completely
missed the boat when it comes to
maintaining the am-
biance that made
Carlsbad a wonder-
ful place to live. It is
for this reason that
the Citwens for the
Preservation of Olde
Carlsbad has requested a hear-
ing before the Carlsbad City
Council tonight to hopefully turn
around the steamship SS Urban-
ization.
From the time we first started
designing cities, the connection
between our roads and trees has
been intertwined. In fact, there
are more streets named after
trees than any other topic, save
for letters and numbers.
Modern planners are also ar-
guing for the extensive use of
trees-along streets for practical
reasons. For one, studies show
that when all other street design
factors are the same, a tree-shrouded street has fewer acci-
dents than one without trees.
County of San Diego PlanningDirector Gary Pryor has said that
drivers on tree-lined streets slow
down and are more cautious of
obstacles and pedestrians.
There is also much nev ,-evi-
dence regarding the benefits of
trees that far outweigh the pen-
nies required for their mainte-
nance. In his 1990 Reader's Di-
gest article, "What Good Is a
Tree," roving science editor
Lowell Ponte points out that
trees save water (an acre of
maple trees puts 20,000 gallons
of water into the air each day)
and energy (shade from trees
can save $175 per year on air-
conditioning).
Ponte, now a Carlsbad resi-
dent and nationally syndicated
radio talk show host, says re-
search indicates that a tree con-
tributes more than $270,000 in
value to society over its lifetime.
This includes providing oxygen,
recycling water, regulating hu-
midity, controlling air pollution,
producing protein, providing
shelter for wildlife, controlling
erosion, reducing heat and fertil-
izing the soil
Linda Romero, who works on
the Urban Forest Program for
the California Department of
Forestry, says that recent studies
show that trees may add as much
as 20 percent to home values,
which translates to property tax
revenues. Romero alio points out
that cities like Bakersfield are
aggressively embracing Global
ReLeaf andlrce City, USA pro-
grams to attract Silicon Valley-
type businesses. Formerly bar-
ren, Bakersfield's goal is to be
coveted 50 percent with trees.
And yet, Carlsbad has been
ridding itself of its trees. To
quote Henry David Thoreau:
"Thank God they can't cut down
the clouds!"
Gary Plro is a former county planr, jg
commissioner who lives in Carlsbad.
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Q
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SATURDAY, JANUARY 13,2001 NORTH COUNTY TlMES
Condo holds off
on palm removal
• Carlsbad tree
advocates ask city
to help save two
70-foot palms
owners Association^ board will
hold off on having the trees re-
moved so the board can hold a
meeting with homeowners to
discuss the issue, said board Di-
rector Jack Orr.
The removal of the 70-foot
Canary Island palms had been
*o
MICHAEL J. WILLIAMS
STAFF WiUni
CARLSBAD —Two towering
palm trees fronting a historic
house in a condominium com-
plex probably will be spared
che chain saw for at least a
month us a result of a decision
by the property's board of di-
rectors.
In response tu pleas lo save
the trees, the Monterey Home-
> PALM
Continued from B-l
Preservation
commission to
send letters to
condo board
owner Laurie Bnone. 'Tm hope-
ful these people will be open-
minded and listen. We want to
preserve those trees, not jusl be-
cause they're tin our property
bul because they are part of the
entire history of Carlsbad. 1
think we need to listen and con-
sider the issue before we tear
down something that's taken
over 70 years to grow lo that
stature."
The city's Historical Preser-
vation Commission and the
Carlsbad Historical Society m a
meeting Monday evening
agreed to send letters to the
board urging the directors to
leave the trees in place.
A study ordered by the com-
mission has identified the trees
as historically significant be-
cause of Lheir location in front
of the historic Cage House, Built
in 1934 by one of the city's pio-
neering nurseryman, Luther
Gage, the house is part of the
condominium complex proper-
schedule
owners a
pose thc-i
city, and
officials c
postpone
day. The
agreed to
said.
"We've
won't tali
least unri
ly. Arborii
timared t
wholesale
of $24.50a
On- sai
was base*
mainlena
with rtitt
tends havi
easily ma
Tested bv
"It's s
business
"We have
bility to in
as the bo
safely t<t
aesthetics
preserve L
with any
we'll ente
ously."
Jim d
landscape
property,
t rees are h"These
ous," Caru
fronds cot
they coukthem. I've
there. N
they're gc
They'll c
head if I
that heigh
i foi Jan. 8. Condu
id residents who op-
r removal called the
A-ith the help of city
Hivinced the board to
the action at least a
mard subsequently
a lengthier delay, Orr
been promised they
e the trees down at
JSch. 10,'' said condu
> PALM, B-3
L Man: Wisniewslu es-
e trees' value on the
marke; at a minimum
Ltie board's decision
on liability risks and
nee costs associated
rees. which he con-
grnwn [IM liiglito he
imuined and are in-
iees.
rictly a pragmatic,
decision," On said.
a fiduciary responsi-
ir homeowners as well
ard of directors and
;es precedence over
If those who want to
te trees come fonrard
ikeraative solutions,
rtain them ver>' seri-
nphell, who performs
maintenance on the
said he agrees the
azardo US-
Tees are very danger-
Aell said. "When the
is down from 70 feet
hie sonieo^ie and kill
had some close calls
body knows when
ng tu crack and tail,
lop oil" somebody's
ey come down frorn_):
Cortact s:9 wrl;er Mi;,'(«j' J. W 'liams
at (760) 901-4082 or
iri*! 1 1 iarm^nctirics . cc>'~
oo
ooo
o
oo
Oo
PALMS
Continued from B-l
Arborist disagrees
with association's
belief that the trees
should come down
owners' association is seeking to
demolish the pair of palms. The
patois have been identified as
heritage trees in a study being
done by arborist Mark Wis-
'niewski for the city's Historic
Preservation Commission.
According to minutes of the
association's Nov. 16 meeting,
"no trimming of the palms is
now possible because of the
very real danger posed by the
hive of apparently Africanized
bees in the trees."
Association members have
said the trees should come down
if they can't be trimmed.
On Thursday, at the Monterey
Condominium site that also in-
. eludes the historic home of
• Carlsbad pioneer Luther Gage,
Magargal verified that the bees
are indeed gone following the
removal of the hive by the asso-
ciation.
"I cannot find one reason
why the trees should come down
— unless someone just doesn't
like trees," said Magargal.
"They are incredibly healthy
and just love where they are.
And, they are valuable. If once
every two years (the trees) are
trimmed properly, making a
crown tight and shaped like a
ball, the bees won't come back.
'If once every two
years (the trees) are
trimmed properly,
making a crown
tight... the bees
won't come back.'
— RICH MAGARGAL
Ramona arborist
There will be no place for them
to nest," he said, pointing out
that he has never during his 40
years of trimming trees seen
bees nest if work is done cor-
rectly.
"And, if the trees are proper-
ly trimmed, pigeons, sparrows
and rats will stay away, too."
Magargal observed in Octo-
ber that the two heritage trees
were laden with dead fronds
and had not been trimmed for
four to six years. "When there is
a dead frond or two, that's the
time to call for a tree trimmer,"
he said, adding that palms are
not really a tree but actually
more closely related to grass.
"We would like to fulfill our
contract and finish the trim-
ming," said Mike Grande, owner
of Vista Tree Service.
"We've been ready to go, but
the board broke the contract,"
said Grande, adding that he was
told the association hired anoth-
er company to demolish the
trees.
Following a request from
homeowners, the association
had planned a meeting for Feb.
10 to discuss the fate of the 70-
to 90-year-old trees that were
initially slated for removal Jan.
8.
"It was such a shock to re-
ceive notice Wednesday that the
meeting date had been changed
to Feb. 13," said Laurie Boone,
one of the homeowners.
"There are a lot of absentee
owners who could attend a Sat-
urday meeting, but having it on
a Tuesday in the middle of the
day is not good timing for a lot
of people," she said.
The notice to the homeown-ers also states that members arc
welcome to bring experts quali-
fied to speak about permanenteradication of the bees, liability
concerning bees 'and falling de-
bris and the legal responsibility
of the board.
Speakers will be limited to
three minutes during the meet-
ing from 1 to 2 p.m. at Heritage
Hall in Magee Park.
"That's not enough time for
such an important issue," said
Boone.
/•"S
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v**>
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o
WEDNESDAY FBUUARY 21,2001
NORTH CoutJTY T:\-UB B-3
Q
oo
Q
Qo
O
Heritage trees get
a year's reprieve
• Two Canary Island
date palms to get
trimmed, but liability
still in question
BARBARA BRILL
FOR TKF NORTH Gxvrr Tu/ss
CARLSBAD — Two heritage
trees at Monterey Pines Condo-
miniums have been spared
from the chain saw again, but
this rime for at least a year.
On Feb, 12, homeowners at
the Lincoln Avenue complex re-
ceived notice from the associa-
tion's board of directors that
the thrice rescheduled meeting
to discuss the fate of the two
trees was canceled for Feb. 17
and that further action regard-
ing the removal of the trees has
been suspended.
"People are griping about
everything and the news media
has caused so much static," said
Jack Fancher, the president of
the association.
"Well get the trees trimmed
and see what happens fur about
a year. But,we are still interest-
ed in receiving opinions from
experts about liability."
The 70-foot Canary Island
date palms at the entrance to
the condominium complex,
built around the historic home
of Carlsbad pioneer Luthor
Gage, have been lie subject of
dispute since Jan. 8, when
protests from homeowners and
tenants prevented the removal
of the trees for a month.
"Now we have a year to sec
what happens. It's a miracle. I
am so excited and so re-lieved," said Suzy Hockett, a
homeowner whn hired an at-
torney and set up a S2,OGO
trust LO pay for the mainte-
nance of [he trees, if neces-
sary.
Cost for sounding and trim-
ming the trees, which is recom-
mended every two years, wouldrun approximately S600.
The trees have been identi-
fied as historically and cultural-
ly significant by Mark Wlsm'ew-
ki, the arburist hired by the
city's Historic Preservation
Commission to identify her-
itage trees in the downtown
area.
'Tni optimistic and hopeful
that our board of directors will
learn to appreciate the value of
these historic trees," said an-
other concerned homeowner,
Laurie Boone, who hired horti-
culturist Mark Robinson to in-
spect the heritage trees.
According to Robinson, fol-
lowing a visual inspection, the
trees are healthy and sound.
And, according to Rich Magar-
gal, the arhorist and Canary
Island date palm specialist
who was stung by approxi-
mately 50 bees while trim-
ming one of the trees in Octo-
ber: "I cannot find one reason
why the trees should come
down. If the trees are trimmed
properly every two years, the
bees won't come back. There
will be no place for them to
nest."
Since Jan. 8, many of the
homeowners who consider the
Trees a valuable asset because
of their siae and their historic
and monetary value have chal-
lenged the association's con-cerns regarding bees, falling
fronds, inability to obtain bids
from tree trimmers and liability
issues.
Magargal, who was worldng
as a subcontractor for Vista
Tree Service, almost lost his life
because of the bees.
And, it was this incident that
led to the boards decision to re-
move the trees.
During the storm this week,
one large frond feD, which
Fanchcr .said could have in-
jured someone.
However, he did admit that
the trees have not been fully
trimmed because of the inci-
dent with Magargal. "We want
him to come back to finish hiswork," said Faricher.
Magargal is willing. "I'm
ready to climb the trees again
and finish my work," he said.
And, Mike Grande of Vista Tree
Service agrees.
"We've been ready for
months. We're just waiting for
the word from the association."
o
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APPENDIX J
Appendix J:
California Government Code on "Topping'
How to use this information
This is a copy of California Government Code Section 53067 provided for
informational and educational purposes. It discusses the negative aspects of
topping trees and discusses the benefits of proper pruning and advises the
promotion of the applicable pruning standards available at the time to improve
the quality tree pruning while reducing tree pruning costs. These standards have
been modified in the intervening years. The current International Society of
Arboriculture pruning guidelines are provided under Appendix K.
53067 GOVERNMENT CODE
53067. (a) The Legislature finds and declares the following:
(1) That trees and other woody plants respond in specific and
predictable ways to pruning and other maintenance practices.
(2) That careful scientific studies indicate that arboriculture
practices including, but not limited to, "topping" are often
misunderstood and misapplied.
(3) That the results of the 1988 California urban forestry survey
prepared by Plant Science and Research for the California Department
of Forestry and Fire Protection's Urban Forestry Program summarizes
that an estimated 5.9 million street trees are managed by California
cities of which approximately 30 percent of the cities and 20
counties do not have tree ordinances of any kind. That in 1988 an
estimated one hundred nine million dollars ($109,000,000) statewide
was spent on municipal tree maintenance, less than 1 percent of most
city and county budgets, with an average of sixteen dollars and 82
cents ($16.82) per street and park tree per year and an average of
four dollars and 68 cents ($4.68) per resident per year. California'
city governments support urban forestry. Support for tree programs
is highest in communities where citizens are involved.
Conclusions of the urban forestry survey state that most cities
need an aggressive tree planting program to maintain tree densities
at current levels, to keep pace with urban growth, increase species
diversity, maintain the health and vigor of their trees, and put more
effort into long-term master planning of urban forests. To derive
the maximum ecological benefit from the urban forest, the current
trend towards planting smaller trees will need to be reversed.
Counties lag far behind cities in urban forestry efforts. Most tree
programs need to put greater emphasis on educating the public on the
benefits the urban forest provides. A healthy flourishing urban
forest cannot be developed and maintained without foresight, proper
care, and good management.
(4) That the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection
Guidelines for Developing and Evaluating Tree Ordinances 1991
publications states that an ordinance shall be developed for the
purpose of prohibiting topping of public and private trees. Topping
is the practice of cutting back large diameter branches of a mature
tree to stubs and is a particularly destructive pruning practice. It
is stressful to mature trees, and may result in reduced vigor,
decline, or even death of trees. In addition, new branches that form
below the cuts are only weakly attached to the tree and are in
danger of splitting out. Topped trees require constant maintenance
to prevent this from happening and it is often impossible to restore
the structure of the tree crown after topping. Unfortunately many
people believe that topping is a proper way to prune a tree, and this
destructive practice is prevalent in some communities.
(5) That in an effort to promote practices that encourage the
preservation of tree structure, and public safety and health, these
standards developed through careful scientific studies by leading
industry consultants, United States Department of Forestry
scientists, and professors of horticulture and plant pathology, are
recognized standards by the Department of Parks and Recreation,
California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, University of
California Co-operative Extension Farm advisers, the National
Arborist Association, the International Society of Arboriculture,
American Forestry Association, and numerous tree planting and
preservation organizations throughout the state and nation.
(6) That those standards are working guidelines, recognizing that
trees are individually unique in form and structure and that their
pruning or maintenance needs may not always fit strict rules.
(7) That the International Society of Arboriculture founded in
1924 with over 21 chapters throughout the world publishes the monthly
Journal of Arboriculture which is devoted to the dissemination of
knowledge in the science and art of growing and maintaining shade and
ornamental trees. The Journal of Arboriculture, March 1988, Volume
14, No. 3, page 76, states that properly trimmed trees not only
require less manhours on their next cycle but some may not even need
trimming. This conclusion was based on a study performed at Delmarva
Power in Maryland during the 1982-84 trim cycles. Results indicate
a 25 percent reduction in work force and a 7.4 percent reduction in
costs in the first three years.
(8) That the use of proper tree maintenance techniques benefits
the public because of reduced costs, reduced hazards, reduced public
liability, protection from premature decline or death (conserving
energy reducing carbon dioxide and ozone, absorbing particulate
matter, producing more oxygen by increasing canopy spread, reduction
in wind speed, reducing noise pollution, increasing real property
values, enhancing visual and aesthetic qualities that attract
visitors and businesses, serve as a source of community image and
pride by providing maximum shade and canopy cover). As canopy cover
increases the public benefits increase.
(9) (A) The Legislature's findings recognize that topping of trees
is a widespread misunderstood consumer request and this form of
pruning detracts from public benefits including, but not limited to,
safety and property values, and causes premature decline, death,
disease, insects, woodrot, and increased maintenance costs. These
findings also recognize that a great number of personnel performing
maintenance on trees unknowingly and unintentionally produce
irreversible harm.
(B) The Legislature finds that nonregulated commercial tree
service firms that advertise topping are widespread among commercial
advertising including the yellow pages, but not limited to newspaper
advertising, and that millions of dollars have been spent topping
trees including publicly owned trees.
(C) The Legislature finds that modern techniques utilized by
certified arborists through scientific study and continued education
are of value and benefit to the citizens of California and to all who
care for our resources.
(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, the California
Department of Forestry and Fire Protection through Sections 4799.06
to 4799.12, inclusive, of the Public Resources Code, shall to the
extent possible, furnish to every public agency, including the state,
but not limited to, a city and county, school district, or community
college district copies of these publications as listed: Western
Chapter International Society of Arboriculture Pruning Standards,
California Department of Parks and Recreation specifications for
pruning trees, and National Arborist Association Standards of pruning
shade trees.
Source: http:. '\\w\v.Icuinfo.ca.izov calaw.html
APPENDIX K
Appendix K:
International Society of Arboriculture
"Best Management Practices - Tree Pruning'
How to use this information
The correct application of these Best Management Practices when used by
properly trained arborists and tree workers can improve the health, structure,
appearance and longevity of not just the City's Heritage Trees, but all of the
City's publicly maintained trees and privately maintained trees as well. This can
be accomplished while at the same time reducing overall pruning and removal
costs and improving overall tree care.
Best Management Practices have been developed as a tool to assist in the
implementation and implementation and interpretation of the American National
Standards for Pruning (ANSI A300). Please refer to "Appendix L" of this report.
Pruning Objectives excerpted from the current International Society of
Arboriculture "Best Management Practices - Tree Pruning" are provided below
as a reference.
"No tree should be pruned without first establishing clearly defined objectives.
Table 1. Objectives of pruning.
- Reduce risk of failure
- Provide clearance
- Reduce shade and wind resistance
- Maintain health
Influence flower or fruit production
- Improve a view
Improve aesthetics"
(Gilman and Lilly pg. 4)
Alex Shigo, who developed and promoted the concept of modern arboriculture,
often stated that "Pruning is one of the best things an arborist can do for a tree
but one of the worst things we can do to a tree."
APPENDIX L
Appendix L:
American National Standard for Tree Care Operations -
"Tree Shrub and Other Woody Plant Maintenance -
Standard Practices (Pruning)"
ANSI A300 (Part 1)-2001 Pruning
How to use this information
The A300 standard offers basic performance standards. It is intended as a guide
for drafting maintenance specifications.
The application of this standard when used by properly trained arborists and tree
workers can improve the health, structure, appearance and longevity of not just
the City's Heritage Trees, but all of the City's publicly maintained trees and
privately maintained trees as well. This standard should be used in conjunction
with the International Society of Arboriculture "Best Management Practices -
Tree Pruning" (refer to Appendix K), safety standards including ANSI Z133.1-
2000, and any applicable state and local regulations.
The basis for the standards was to "present performance standards for the care
and maintenance of trees, shrubs and other woody plants...Specifications for
tree maintenance should be written and administered by an arborist."
(ANSI A300, pg. 1)
"Arborist: An individual engaged in the profession of arboriculture who through
experience, education and related training possesses the competence to provide
for or supervise the management of trees and other woody plants."
(ANSI A300, pg. 2)
APPENDIX M
Appendix M:
"Tree Hazard Evaluation Form"
How to use this information
A copy of the current International Society of Arboriculture "Tree Hazard
Evaluation Form" copied from Matheny & Clark's publication "A Photographic
Guide to the Evaluation of Hazard Trees in Urban Areas - Second Edition", is
provided.
(Matheny & Clark pgs. 40 & 41)
It is the intent of both the authors and the publisher that arborists can copy and
utilize this form in their work in evaluating trees.
"Hazard tree evaluation is the systemic process of assessing the potential for a
tree or one of its parts to fail an injure people or damage property. The primary
goal of hazard evaluation is to identify potentially hazardous trees so they can be
treated before failure occurs. All hazards can not be eliminated. However, by
evaluating trees and rating the hazardous associated with them, the arborist can
prioritize and schedule abatement treatments to reduce the level of risk."
(Matheny & Clark pg. 37)
"The intensity of the hazard examination for a given site depends upon the level
of resolution appropriate for the situation. In some cases, detailed scrutiny of
individual trees may be required, particularly for significant trees in high use
locations."
(Matheny & Clark pg. 38)
"Since hazard tree evaluation is a process that weighs a wide range of
information, the evaluator needs a systematic method of recording observations
and measurements. Written documentation is especially critical if the program is
part of risk management effort."
(Matheny & Clark pg. 38)
The arborist performing the evaluations should be familiar not just with the form
and the guide, but must be competent to perform the work and interpret the
observations. Periodic hazard evaluations should be part of the ongoing
management of the City's publicly-owned Heritage Trees.
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.*«*,
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m
9mo
A Photographic Guide to the Evaluation of Hazard Trees in Urban Areas
H TREE HAZARD EVALUATION FORM 2nd Edition
Site/Address: _
Map/Location:.
Owner, public _
Date:
private.
Inspscton .
, unknown.other.
Date of last inspection:.
TREE CHARACTERISTICS.
Tree f: Species:
DBH: I ol trunks:
HAZARD RATING:
Failure t Size + Target - Hazard
Potential of part Rating Rating
Immediate action needed
Needs further inspection
Dead tree
Height.. Spread: .
Form: D generally symmetric D minor asymmetry D major asymmetry O stump sprout D stag-headed
Crown class: D dominant O co-dominant O intermediate O suppressed
Live crown ratio: % Agaclasr. D young D semi-mature D mature D over-mature/senescent
Pruning history: D crown cleaned D excessively thinned D topped D crown raised D pollarded D crown reduced G flush cuts D cabled/braced
Dnone D multiple pruning events Approx. dates:
Special Value: D specimen D heritage/historic D wildlife D unusual D street tree D screen D shade D indigenous D protected by gov. agency
TREE HEALTH
Foliage colon D normal Dchlorotic Onecrotic Epicormlcs? Y N
Foliage density: D normal O sparse Leal size: D normal D small
Annual shoot growth: O excellent D average Dpoor Twig Dieback? Y N
Woundwood development D excellent D average Dpoor Dnone
Vigor class: D excellent D average Dfair Dpoor
Major pests/diseases:
Growth obstructions:
D stakes D wire/ties D signs D cables
D curb/pavement D guards
D other
SITE CONDITIONS ,
Site Character: D residence D commercial D industrial Dpark D open space D natural D woodlanoVorest
Landscape type: D parkway D raised bed D container D mound Olawn D shrub border D wind break
Irrigation: Dnone D adequate D inadequate D excessive D trunk wettled
Recent site disturbance? Y N D construction O soil disturbance D grade change O line clearing D site clearing
% drlpllna paved: 0% ' ' 10-25% 25-50% 50-75% 75-100% Pavement lifted? Y N
%driplinew/ fill soil: 0% 10-25% 25-50% 50-75% 75-100%
% drlpllne grade lowered: 0% 10-25% 25-50% 50-75% 75-100%
Soil problems: D drainage D shallow D compacted D droughty D saline D alkaline D acidic D small volume D disease center D history of fail
Delay D expansive D slope • aspect
Obslructions: Dlights Qsignage D line-ot-slght Dvlew D overhead lines D underground utilities Dtraffic D adjacent veg. D
Exposure to wind: D single tree D below canopy D above canopy D recently exposed D windward, canopy edge O area prone to windthrow
Prevailing wind direction: Occurrence of snow/ice storms D never D seldom D regularly
TARGET
Use Under Tree: D building D parking Dtraffic D pedestrian D recreation D landscape Dhardscape D small features D utility lines
Can target be moved? Y N Can USB be restricted? Y N
Occupancy: D occasional use D intermittent use Q frequently D constant use
The International Society of Arboriculture assumes no responsibility for conclusions or recommendations derived from use of this form.
o Specimen: TREE HAZARD EVALUATION FORM, Page 1
Copyright International Society of Arboriculture. Used with permission.
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ID;
TREE DEFECTS
ROOT DEFECTS:
Suspect root rot: Y N Mushroom/conk/brackel present Y N
Exposed roots: D severe Q moderate Glow Undermined: D severe Q moderate Dlow
Root pruned: distance from trunk Root area affected; % Buttress wounded: Y N When:.
Restricted rool area: G severe Q moderate Glow Potential for root failure: D severe Q moderate Dlow
LEAN: deg. from vertical D natural D unnatural D self-corrected Soil heaving: Y N
Decay In plane of lean: Y N Roots broken Y N Soli cracking: Y N
Compounding (actors:.Lean severity: Q severe G moderate Glow
CROWN DEFECTS: Indicate presence of individual defects and rate their severity (s » severe, m * moderate, I«low)
DEFECT
Poor taper
Bow, sweep
Codominants/forks
Multiple attachments
Included bark
Excessive end weioht
Cracks/splits
Hangers
Girdling
Wounds/seam
Decay
Cavity
Conks/mushrooms/bracket
Bleeding/sap flow
Loose/cracked bark
Nesting hole/bee hive
Deadwood/stubs
BorersAermites/ants
Cankers/oalls/burls
Previous failure
ROOT CROWN TRUNK SCAFFOLDS BRANCHES
HAZARD RATING
Tree part most likely to fail:
Inspection period: annual.biannual older
Failure Potential + Size of Part + Target Rating = Hazard Rating
Failure potential: 1 - tow; 2 - medium; 3 - high; 4 - seven
Size of part 1 - <6" (15 cm); 2 - 6-18" (15-45 cm);
3 • 18-30* (45-75 em); 4 - >30" (75 cm)
target rating: 1 - occasional use; 2 intermittent use;
3 - frequent use; 4 - constant use
HAZARD ABATEMENT,
Prune: D remove defective part D reduce end weight Q crown clean Dthin
Cable/Brace:
Remove tree: Y N Replace? Y N Move target Y N Other _
Effect on adjacent trees: Qnone Qevaluate
Notification: D owner Q manager Q governing agency Dale:
COMMENTS
D raise canopy G crown reduce G restructure G shape
_. Inspect further D root crown D decay D aerial O monitor
Q
Specimen: TREE HAZARD EVALUATION FORM, Page 2
Copyright International Society of Arboriculture. Used with permission.