HomeMy WebLinkAbout; Armstrong Garden Center -Carlsbad Flower Fields; Armstrong Garden Center -Carlsbad Flower Fields; 1999-10-26STORM WATER POLLUTION
PREVENTION PLAN
FOR
Armstrong Garden Center - Carlsbad Flower Fields
Paseo del Norte & Palomar Airport Road
Carlsbad, California 92008
PREPARED FOR:
CB Ranch Enterprises
5600 Avenida Encinas, Suite 100
Carlsbad, California 92008
(760)431-5600
October 30, 1999
PREPARED BY:
AQUATERRA ENGINEERING INC.
1843 Campesino Place
Oceanside, California
(760) 439-2802
Revisions Date NOI Attached?
[X] Yes
[ 1 No
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) Worksheet
California Construction General Permit
Worksheet 1. Project Information
Prepared October 26,1999
Project Name: Armstrong Garden Center - Carlsbad Flower Fields
Project Location: Street Address: Paseo del Norte & Palomar Airport Road
City: Carlsbad County: San Diego Zip Code: 92008
Project Owner: CB Ranch Enterprises
Contact Person: Christopher Calkins Phone No.: (760) 431-5600
Owner's Mailing Address: 5600 Avenida Encinas. Suite 100 Phone No.: (760) 431-5600
City: Carlsbad County: San Diego Zip Code: 92008
[X] Identify responsible personnel:
[X] Implementing and revising the SWPPP: Mike Cardosa. Site Superintendent
[X] Inspecting equipment: Mike Cardosa. Site Superintendent
[X] Regular inspection of BMPs:Mike Cardosa. Site Superintendent
[X] Training employees about BMPs: Mike Cardosa. Site Superintendent
List all contractors and Subcontractors responsible for implementing SWPPP for the project:
Name Contact Person Date Work
Begins
Date Work Ends
Worksheet 2. Project Site Map Requirements
[X] Topographic Base Map Attached? Map shows: See USGS Map (attached)
[X] An area extending one quarter mile beyond the property boundaries of the
construction site. Construction Area = 3.6 acres.
[X] Nearby surface water bodies, including water courses, wetlands, springs and wells.
[X] The location(s) where storm water drains onto or off of the property.
[ ] Boundary of off-site areas that drain into the construction site.
[X] Site Maps attached? Maps show: See Erosion Control Plan
[X] Temporary Storm water structures used during construction.
Gravel filled bag berm and storm drain inlet protection.
[ ] Areas used to store soils and construction waste.
[ ] Areas of cut and fill.
[X] Drainage patterns and slopes anticipated after major grading activities, including the
location of storm water structures to be constructed on the property (e.g. storm drain,
detention pods, channels).
[ ] Areas of soil disturbance
[ ] Locations of potential soil erosion requiring BMPs during construction.
[X] Existing and proposed paved areas and buildings.
Existing Areas: 56% Percent of site Proposed Area: 100% Percent of site
[X] Estimated runoff coefficient: Before construction: A. After construction: .85
[X] Locations where storm water structures and controls will be built to control storm
water pollution after construction is complete.
[ ] The boundary of the drainage area upstream of each location where storm water
leaves the property.
[ ] Any vehicles storage and service area.
[ ] Areas of existing vegetation.
Worksheet 3. Inventory of Contractor's Activities and Special Site Conditions
Provide a description of contractor's activities that could result in the discharge of pollutants in the
storm water runoff from the site. In addition, provide a description of special site conditions that may
impact pollutants in storm water discharges.
Contractor Activities
[X] Describe toxic materials that are known to have been stored, disposed, spilled, or leaked in
significant quantities onto the construction site:
There are no known contaminates that have been stored or disposed of on site.
[X] Describe construction materials, equipment and vehicles that comes in contact with storm
water:
Construction Materials: Lumber, concrete, masonry, steel, asphalt roofing, landscaping
materials, fertilizer, and paint.
Construction Vehicles: Service and delivery trucks, front loader and grading equipment.
[X] Describe construction material loading, unloading and access areas/activities:
All construction materials will be delivered to the building pad and used immediately or within
a one month period. The building pad shall have an earth berm or gravel filled bag berm on
each side to trap all loose and floatable materials.
[X] Describe equipment storage, cleaning, and maintenance areas/activities:
All equipment will be stored off site if not being used. No vehicle maintenance shall be
completed onsite. One vehicle shall be fueled onsite (weekly basis).
[X] Describe storage and disposal of construction materials (on-site and off-site):
All excess and waste building materials and domestic waste will be placed in stock piles daily.
The stockpiles shall be removed on a weekly basis by a licensed waste management
operation. Should stockpiles become excessively large before the scheduled pickup, a special
removal will be requested.
Special Site Conditions
[X] Describe storm water structures and controls on the site prior to construction and how these
structures/controls will be integrated into the SWPPP to reduce sediment and other pollutants
in storm water discharges:
All new Storm Water Inlets will have gravel bag inlet protection. A Sand Bag Check Dam wiil
be constructed to provide protection against silt on the concentration point of the unlined
swale. (See Erosion Control Plan)
[X] List materials/waters other than storm water which will flow from the site during dry weather,
the approximate amount of flow, and methods for preventing other dry weather flows:
No drv weather flows/discharge will be generated onsite bv this construction project.
i i iiii till!I 1
Worksheet 4. BMPs for Contractor Activities
Provide a list of BMPs selected to reduce pollutants associated with contractor activities (See worksheet 3). For each BMP selected, identify the pollution(s) of
concern. Attach modified BMP fact sheets and/or appropriate information for the BMP selected.
Contractor Activities
(Worksheet 3)
1 . Toxic Material
On-site
2. Construction material
equipment &
vehicles in contact
with storm water
3. Material loading,
unloading and access
areas/
activities
4. Equipment storage
cleaning, and
maintenance
areas/activities
5. Storage and disposal
of construction
materials (on-site
and off-site)
Construction Practices
CA1
XX
XX
CA2
XX
XX
CA3
XX
Materials Management
CA10
XX
XX
CA11
XX
CA12
XX
Waste Management
CA20
XX
CA21
XX
CA22
XX
CA23
XX
CA24
XX
Vehicle & Equipment
Management
CA30 CA31
XX
XX
CA32
XX
XX
Primary Pollutant(s)
of Concern
Asphalt, concrete,
paint. Metal
See Worksheet 3.
Various building
materials (floatables).
Fueling and repariing
of vehicles.
Various building
materials (floatables)
and concrete.
Worksheet 5. BMPs for Erosion and Sedimentation Control
[X] Describe the source and composition of the existing soil and fill material.
(Soil Report Attached? [X] Yes [ ] No)
Per Soil Report (Geocon. Inc. dated July. 19991 "The field investigation indicates that two general
soil types underlie the site, consisting of fill soils and Quaternary Terrace Deposits... The fill soils are
characterized as moderately dense silty sand, and clayey sand stiff clavey silt....Terrace Deposits
consist of moderately dense to very dense siltv and clavev sand."
[X] Provide a site map showing locations where BMPs for erosion and sediment control are placed.
Sae Erosion Control Plan
BMPs SELECTED DESCRIPTION OF BMPs FOR EROSION &
SEDIMENT CONTROL
Site Planning Considerations
XX Scheduling
Preservation of Existing Vegetation
See ESC 1 .
Soil Stabilization
Seeding and Planting
Mulching
Physical Stabilization
XX
XX
Geotextiles and Mats
Dust Control
Temporary Stream Crossing
Construction Road Stabilization
Stabilized Construction Entrance
See ESC 21
See ESC 23
Diversion of Runoff
XX
Earth Dike
Temporary Drains and Swales
Slope Drain
See Erosion Control Plan
Velocity Reduction
XX
Outlet Protection
Check Dams
Slope Rouahenina/Terracina
See ESC 41
BMPs SELECTED DESCRIPTION OF BMPs FOR EROSION &
SEDIMENT CONTROL
Sediment Trapping/Filtering
XX
Silt Fence
Straw Bale Barrier
Earth Dike
Rock or Brush Filter
Storm Drain Inlet Protection
Sediment Trap
Sediment Basin
See detail on Erosion Control Plan
Worksheet 6. Post-Construction BMPs
Provide a site map locating treatment control BMPs which be constructed as part of this project to reduce
storm water pollution after construction is complete. Provide on the worksheet below the BMP selected,
the responsible party for maintenance and operation, and source for funding the operation and
maintenance.
BMPs SELECTED MAINTENANCE
RESPONSIBILITY
TREATMENT CONTROL BMPs
XX
XX
Earth Dike
Wet Ponds
Constructed Wetlands
Vegetated Swales and Strips
Extended Detention Basins
Media Filtration
Oil/Water Separators and Water
Quality Inlets
CB Ranch Enterprises
FUNDING SOURCE
FOR O&M
Private (at Construction)
SOURCE CONTROL BMPs
XX
Inlet Stenciling
Water Quality Management Plan
Inspection and Maintenance
Program of Public Storm Drain
System
CB Ranch Enterprises
Armstrong Garden Center
Private
See: NPDES # CA01 08758 SWRCB Order 90-42
Worksheet 7. Monitoring, Inspection, and Maintenance Plan
[X] Describe maintenance/repair efforts to ensure BMPs are in good and effective condition:
1) Sediment will be removed from behind gravel baa barm and inlet protection when sediment
depth reaches 1/3 of the total available depth.
2) Any gravel bag berm/inlet protection washed out or otherwise disrupted will be replaced
repaired within 48 hours of discovery.
[X] Describe inspection procedures and record keeping efforts:
Attached inspection form to be filled out and inserted after this worksheet in the SWPPP.
[X] Annual Inspection:
Inspection will occur when all Erosion/Sedimentation Control (ESC) measures are installed.
[X] Pre-storm Inspection:
On davs before predicted rainfall, a drive-by inspection will be conducted to check for any
damage. Site Project Manager will call a crew to immediately repair damage.
[X] Post-storm Inspection:
Each BMP will be closely inspected within 48 hours after each rainfall of 0.5" or more.
BMPs will be checked for:
11 Structural integrity
2) Sediment accumulation greater than 1/3 total depth of BMP
3) Evidence of excessive sediment downstream of the site
4) Evidence of other construction material washed off-site.
[X] Describe training program/material for site personnel responsible for installing, inspection, and
maintaining BMPs:
1) BMP fact sheets from this SWPPP will be copied and distributed to site personnel engaged
in the activity in question and/or installation/maintenance of ESC BMPs.
2) Site Project Manager observing improper construction measures or pollution caused by
ineffective construction pollution management practices will inform site personnel
performing these practices of proper BMPs. along with special follow-up inspections for
further training.
3) Site Project Manager shall educate all employees regarding safe handling and splillage
control procedures for all hazardous chemicals. (See all Attachments.)
Certification
I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my
direction or supervision in accordance with a system designed to assure that qualified personnel
properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the persons
who manage the system or those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the
information submitted is to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete.
I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false information, including the
possibility of fine and imprisonment for knowing violations.
Agency: CB Ranch Enterprises
Name: Christopher Calkins Title: President
Signature:Date: October 30. 1999
This SWPPP was prepared by:
Agency: Aquaterra Engineering Inc.
Name: Kristin L. Borer Title: Project Engineer.
PE 57860.EXD. 6/30/02
Signature:Date: October 30. 1999
MAPS
STATE OF CALIFORNIA
DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES
SAN LUIS REY, CALIF.
\CALIF\
QUADRANGLE LOCATION
ENCINITAS QUADRANGLE
CALIFORNIA-SAN DIEGO CO.
7.5 MINUTE SERIES (TOPOGRAPHIC)
ATTACHMENTS
ACTIVITY: DEWATERING OPERATIONS Objectives
Contain Waste
Uirtimia Disturbed Ants
Stabilia Disturb*! Arms
.Procter Stopes/Chenneia;
"Conrro/ Inttmti Erosion"
DESCRIPTION
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from dewatering operations
by using sediment controls and by testing the groundwater for pollution.
APPROACH
There are two general classes of pollutants that may result from dewatering operations;
sediment, and toxics and petroleum products. A high sediment content in dewatering
discharges is common because of the nature of the operation. On the other hand, toxics
and petroleum products are not commonly found in dewatering discharges unless, the site
or surrounding area has been used for light or heavy industrial activities, or the area has a
history of groundwater contamination. The following steps will help reduce storm water
pollution from dewatering discharges:
• Use sediment controls to remove sediment from water generated by dewatering (See
Sediment Trap (ESC 52) and Sediment Basin (ESC 56) in Chapter 5).
• Use filtration to remove sediment from a sediment trap or basin. Filtration can be
achieved with:
Sump pit and a perforated or slit standpipe with holes and wrapped in filter
fabric. The standptpe is surrounded by stones which filters the water as it
collects in the pit before being pumped out Wrapping the standpipe in filter
fabric may require an increased suction inlet area to avoid dogging and unac-
ceptable pump operation.
Floating suction hose to allow cleaner surface water to be pumped out.
Tories and Pggnl«»mT> Product^
• In areas suspected of having groundwater pollution, sample the groundwater near the
excavation site and have the water tested for known or suspected pollutants at a
certified laboratory. Check with the Regional Water Quality Control Board and the
local wastewater treatment plant for their requiremeBC for dewatering. additional
water quality tests, and disposal options.
• With a permit from the Regional Water Quality Control Board, you may be able to
recycle/reuse pumped groundwater for landscape irrigation, or discharge to me storm
sewer. With a permit from the local agency, you may be able to treat pumped
groundwater and discharge it to the municipal wastewater treatment plant via the
sanitary sewer.
• For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4Z
CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training.
Targeted Pollutants
0 Sediment
O Nutrient*
O 0/7* Gr
O Ftomtfbl* Uttfriala
Q Other Construction
Wast*
• Ukeiy to H«v«SigniOcmnt Impmct
O Probate Low orUnknown Impeet
Implementation
Requirements
O Cmpitml Cost*
Q OiMCottr
O Umintenmnce
Q Trwining
O Suitability for
High O Low
CA1
Best
Mana
Practices
Construction Handbook 4-3 March, 1993
CONTRACTOR ACTIVITY: DEWATERWG OPERATIONS (Continue)
REQUIREMENTS
• Costs (Capital, O&M)
Sediment controls are low cost measures.
Treatment and/or discharge of polluted groundwater can be quite expensive.
• Maintenance
Maintain sediment controls and filters in good working order. (See Chapter 5 for details')
Inspect excavated areas daily for signs of contaminated water as evidenced by discoloration, oily sheen, or
odors.
LIMITATIONS
• The presence of contaminated water may indicate contaminated soil as well See CA22 (Contaminated Soil Man-
agement) in this chapter for more information.
REFERENCES
Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construcrioo-Relaied Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution
Prevention: Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Scarce Pollution Control Program. 1992.
Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management
Practices. EPA 832-R-9200S; USEPA. April 1992.
CA1
Comtroctioo Handbook 4 - 4 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: PAVING OPERATIONS
Graonic: Mcrn Central T«xas COG. 1993
Objectives
Contain Waste
Minimize Distuned ASUS
Stabilize Distuned Anas
Protect Slopes/Channels
Control Site Perimeter
Control Inttmal Erosion
DESCRIPTION
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants from paving operations, using measures to
prevent runon and runoff pollution, properly disposing of wastes, and training employees
and subcontractors.
APPROACH
• Avoid paving during wet weather.
• Store materials away from drainage courses to prevent storm water runon (see CA10
Material Delivery and Storage).
• Protect drainage courses, particularly in areas with a grade, by employing BMPs to
divert runoff or trap/filter sediment (see Chapter 5).
• Leaks and spills from paving equipment can contain toxic levels of beavy metals and
oil and grease. Place drip pans or absorbent materials under paving equipment when
not in use. Clean up spills with absorbent materials rather than burying. See CA32
(Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance) and CA12 (Spill Prevention and Control) in
this chapter.
• Cover catch basins and manholes wben applying seal coat, tack coat, slurry seal, fog
seal. etc.
• Shovel or vacuum saw-cut slurry and remove from site. Cover or barricade storm
drains during saw cutting to contain slurry.
If paving involves portland cement concrete, see CA23 (Concrete Waste Manage-
ment) in this chapter.
• If paving involves asphaltic concrete, follow these steps:
Do not allow sand or gravel placed over new asphalt to wash into storm drains,
streets, or creeks by sweeping. Property dispose of this waste by referring to
CA20 (Solid Waste Management) in this chapter.
Old asphalt must be disposed of properly. Collect and remove all broken asphalt
from the site and recycle whenever possible.
If paving involves on-site mixing plant, follow the storm water permitting
requirements for industrial activities.
Train employees and subcontractors.
REQUIREMENTS
• Costs (Capital O&M)
All of the above are low cost measures.
« Maintenance
Inspect employees and subcontractors to ensure that measures are being followed.
Keep ample supplies of drip pans or absorbent materials on-site.
LIMITATIONS
• There are no major limitations to this best management practice.
Targeted Pollutants
Q Sediment
O Nutrients
Q Toxic Materials
O Oil A Grease
O Floatable Materials
O Other Construction
Waste
LJMy to HaveSignificant Impact
Probable Low wUnknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
O Capital Coats
O 0AM Costs
Q Maintenance
Q Training
O Suitability for
Slopes >5%
High O
CA2
Best'
Management
PracticesN
Construction Handbook 4-5 March, 1993
CONTRACTOR ACTIVITY:
Blueprint for a <"T«»n Bay-Coosmjcnoo-Relaicd Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water PoQuaoa
Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Noopomt Scores Polluoon Control Prugiaui. 1992.
Hot-mix Asphalt Paving Handbook. U.S. Amy Corps of Engineers. AC 150/5370-14, Appendix L July 1991.
CA2
Comtmctfcxi Handbook 4-6 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION AND PAINTING Objectives
Housekeeping Pr»etf«s)
Contain Waste
Uinimizt Disturbed Anas
' "—! vStabilin Disturbed Anas,
Protect SlopesjCranneis
Control Site Ptrimtw
Control Internal Erosion
DESCRIPTION
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from structure construction
and painting by enclosing or covering or benning building material storage areas, using
good housekeeping practices, using safer alternative products, and training employees and
subcontractors.
APPROACH
• Keep the work site clean and orderly. Remove debris in a timely fashion. Sweep the
area.
• Use soil erosion control techniques if bare ground is exposed (See Chapter 5).
• Buy recycled or less hazardous products to the maximum extent practicable.
• Conduct painting operations consistent with local air quality and OSHA regulations.
• Properly store paints and solvents. See CA10 (Material Delivery and Storage) in this
chapter.
• Properly store and dispose waste materials generated from the activity. See the waste
management BMPs (CA20 to CA24) in this chapter.
• Recycle residual paints, solvents, lumber, and other materials to the maximum extent
practicable.
• ~ Make sure that nearby storm drains are well marked to minimize the chance of
inadvertent disposal of residual paints and other liquids.
Clean the storm drain system in the immediate construction area after construction is
completed.
• Educate employees who are doing the work.
• Inform subcontractors of company policy on these matters and include appropriate
provisions in their contract to T^* certain proper housekeeping and disposal
practices are implemented.
• For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 42,
CA40. Employee/Subcontractor Training.
REQUIREMENTS
• Costs (Capitol. O&M)
These BMPs are generally of low to moderate cost.
• Maintenance
Maintenance should be
LIMITATIONS
• Safer alternative products may not be available, suitable, or effective in every case.
Hazardous waste that cannot be re-used or recycled must be disposed of by a licensed
hazardous waste hauler.
Targeted Pollutants
O Sediment
O Nutrients
Q Toxic Materials
O OH a Cruse
• Floatable Materials
9 Other Construction
Waste
• Ukuly to Have
Significant Impact
O Probable Lew or
Unknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
O Capital Costs
O 0AM Costs
O Maintenance
Q Training
O Suitability for
Slopes >S%
High O Low
CAS
Best
Mana
Practices
Construction Handbook 4-7 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION AND PAINTING (Continue)
• Be certain that actions to help storm water quality are consistent *ith Cal- and Fed-OSHA and air quality regula-
aons.
Construction and painona acuviues can generate pollutants that can reach storm water if proper care is not taken. Tbe
sources of these contaminants may be solvents, paints, paint and varnisu removers, finishing residues, spent ihinners.
soap cleaners, icsosene, aspaait and concrete materuls. adhesive residues, and old asbestos insulation. For specific
information on some of these wastes see the following BMPs :n this chapter
CA20 Solid Waste.
CA21 Hazardous Waste, and
CA23 Concrete Waste.
More specific information on structure construction practices is listed below.
Ernsion and Sediment Contml
If the work involves exposing large areas of soil or if old buildings are being torn down and not replaced in the near
future, employ the appropriate soil erosion and control techniques described in Chapter 5.
Sewer Connections
Carefully install ail plumbing and drainage systems. Cross connections between the sanitary and storm drain systems, as
well as any other connections into the drainage system from inside a building, are illegal. Color code or flag pipelines on
the project site to prevent such connections, and train construction personnel.
Pninriny
Local air pollution regulations may. in many areas of the state, specify painting procedures which if properly carried out
are usually sufficient to protect storm water quality. These regulations may require that painting operations be properly
enclosed or covered to avoid drift. Use temporary scaffolding to hang drop cloths or draperies to prevent drift. Applica-
tion equipment that minimizes overspray also helps. When using sealants on wood, pavement, roofs, etc. quickly clean
up spills. Remove excess liquid with absorbent material or rags.
If painting requires scraping or sand blasting of the existing surface, use a drop cloth to collect most of the chips.
Dispose the residue properly. If the paint contains lead or tributyl on, it is considered a hazardous waste. Refer to the
waste management BMPs in this chapter for more information.
Mix paint indoors, in a containment area, or in a flat unpaved area not subject to significant erosion. Do so even during
dry weather because cleanup of a spill will never be 100% effective. Dried paint will erode from sloped surfaces and be
washed away by storms. If using water based paints, clean the application equipment in a sink that is connected to the
sanitary sewer or in a containment area where the dried paint can be readily removed. Properly store leftover paints if
they are to be kept for the next job, or dispose of properly.
Roof work
When working on roofs, if small panicles have accumulated in the gutter, either sweep out the gutter or wash (he gutter
and trap the panicles at the outlet of the downspout. A'sock or geofabric placed over the outlet may effectively crap the
materials. If the downspout is lined tight, place a temporary plug at the first convenient point in the storm drain and
pump out the water with a vactor truck, and clean the catch basin sump where you placed the plug.
REFERENCES
Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construcnon-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution
Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program. 1992.CA3
Construction Handbook 4 - 8 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: MATERIAL DELIVERY AND STORAGE Objectives
-
"Housekeeping Practices^.
Contain Waste
Minimiza Disturbed Araas
Stabiliza Disturbed Anas
Protect Slapes/Qunneis
Control Site Perimeter
Control Intemsl Erosion
DESCRIPTION
Prevent or reduce (be discharge of pollutants to storm water from material delivery and
storage by minimizing the storage of hazardous material* cm-site, storing materials in a
designated area, installing secondary containment, conducting regular inspections, and
training employees and subcontractors.
This best management practice covers only material delivery and storage. For other
information on materials, see CA11 (Material Use), or CA12 (Spill Prevention and
Control). For information on wastes, see the waste management BMPs in this chapter.
APPROACH
The following materials are commonly stored on construction sites:
• Soil.
Pesticides and herbicides.
• Fertilizers,
• Detergents,
• Plaster or other products.
• Petroleum products such as fuel. oil. and grease, and
• Other hazardous chemicals such as acids, lime, glues, paints, solvents, and curing
compounds.
Storage of these materials on-site can pose the following risks:
Storm water pollution,
• Injury to workers or visitors.
• Groundwater pollution, and
• Soil contamination.
Therefore, the following steps should be taken ID minimi?*; your risk:
• Designate areas of the construction site for material delivery and storage.
Place near the construction entrances, away from waterways
Avoid transport near drainage paths or waterways
Surround with earth berms (see ESC30. Earth Dike.)
Place in an area which will be paved
• Storage of reactive, ignitabie, or flammable ^'jM-i must comply with me fire codes o!
your area. Contact the local Foe Marshal to review site mamrials, quantities, and
proposed storage area to H»«»iniiiig «p*"fi'* requirements. See the Flammable and
Combustible Liquid Code, NFPA30.
• For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 42, CA40
Employee/Subcontractor Training.
• Keep an accurate, up-to-date inventory of materials delivered and stored on-site.
• Keep your inventory down.
Targeted Pollutants
Q Sediment
Q Nutrients
Q Toxic Materials
9 Oil A Grease
Q Floatable Materials
O Other Construct/on
Waste
• Ukety to HaveSignificant Impact
O Probable Low orUnknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
O Capital Costs
O 0AM Costs
O Maintenance
Q Training
O Suitability for
Slopes >S%
High O Low
CA10
Best'
Management
Practices^
Construction Handbook 4.9 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: MATERIAL DELIVERY AND STORAGE (Continue)
Minimize hazardous materials on-site storage.
Handle hazardous materuis as infrequently as possible.
During the rainy season, consider storing man-naK m a covered area. Store materials m secondary containments
such as an earthen dike, horse trough, or even a children s wading pool for non-reacave materials such as detergents.
oil. grease, and paints. Small amounts of material may be secondarily contained in "bus boy" nays or concrete
mixing trays.
Do not store chemicals, drums, or bagged materials directly on the ground. Place these items on a pallet and. wnra
possible, in secondary containment.
If drums must be kept uncovered, store them at a slight angle to reduce ponding of rainwater on the lids and to
reduce corrosion.
Try to keep chemicals in their original containers, and keep them well labeled.
Train employees and subcontractors.
Employees trained in emergency spill cleanup procedures should be present when dangerous materials or liquid
chemicals are
• If significant residual ™m>riai« remain on the ground after construction is complete, properly remove ma»na\* and
any contaminated soil (See CA22). If the area is to be paved, pave as soon as maf""?h are removed to yahiiiM the
soil. |i
REQUIREMENTS
Cost (Capital, O&M)
All of the above are low cost measures.
• Maintenance
Keep the designated storage area clean and well organized.
Conduct routine weekly inspections and check for external corrosion of material containers.
Keep an ample supply of spill cleanup """«•"-•»»« near the storage area.
LIMITATIONS
• Storage sheds often must meet building and Ore code requirements.
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites: Flood Control District of Maricopa
County, AZ. September 1992.
Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construcnon-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution
Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Noopoint Source Pollution Control Program. 1992; Santa Clara Valley Noopoint Source
Pollution Control Progiam, 1992.
Coastal Nonpoim Pollution Control Program: Program Development and Approval Guidance. Working Group Working
Paper; USEPA. April 1992.
^"
Storm Water Management for Construction Activities; Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management
Practices. EPA 832-R-9200S: USEPA. April 1992.
CA10
Construction Handbook 4 -10 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: MATERIALUSE
Graoruc: Norm GemlTejaa COG. 1983
Objectives
-.
"Housakaeping Practices)
Contain Wasta
Minimoa Disturbed Aftas
Siabilin Disturbed Anas
Protect SlooesJCtanrws
Control Sit» Ptnmettr
Contra! Internal Erosion
DESCRIPTION
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from material use by using
alternative products, minimising hazardous material use oo-site. and training employees
and subcontractors.
APPROACH
The following materials are commonly used on construction sites:
• Pesticides and herbicides.
• Fertilizers.
• Detergents,
• Plaster and other products.
• Petroleum products such as fuel. oil. and grease, and
• Other hazardous chemicals such as acids, lime, glues, paints, solvents, and curing
compounds.
Use of these materials on-site can pose the following risks:
• Storm water pollution.
• Injury to workers or visitors,
• Groundwater pollution, and
Soil contamination.
Therefore, the following steps should be taken your risk:
Use less hazardous, alternative mara^u as much as possible.
Minimize yy* Of tm»a*rinij
Use materials only where and when needed ID complete the construction activity.
Follow manufacturer's instroctioos regarding uses, protective equipment, ventilation,
flammabUity. and mixing of chemicals.
Personnel who use pesticides should be trained in their use. The California Depart-
ment of Pesticide Regulation and county agricultural commissioners license pesticide
dealers, certify pesticide applicators, and conduct on-site inspections.
Do not over-apply fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. Prepare only the amount
needed. Follow the recommended usage instructions. Over-application is expensive
and environmentally harmftii Unless on steep slopes, till fertilizers into the sou"
rather than hydroseeding. Apply surface dressings in several smafler applications, as
opposed to one large application, to allow tone for infiltration and to avoid exerts
material being carried off-site by runoff. Do not apply these chemicals just before it
rains.
Train employees and sabcoatraoon in proper material use.
Targeted Pollutants
O Sediment
Q Nutrients
Q Toxic Materials
9 Oil&Qreasa
Q Floatable Materials
O Other Construction
Waste
• Likely to Have
Significant Impact
O Probable Low orUnknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
O Capital Costs
O 0AM Costs
O Maintenance
Q Training
O Suitability for
Slopes >SX
High O Low
CA11
Best*
Management
Practices^
Construction Handbook 4-11 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: IIATERIALUSE(Continue)
REQUIREMENTS
• Costs (Capital O&M)
All of me above are low cost measures.
• Maintenance
Maintenance of rfii* best Tnanaoi»m^nr practice is rni"'TTiai
LIMTTATIONS
• Alternative material* may not be available, suitable, or effective in every case.
REFERENCES
Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construcnon-Reiated Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution
Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992; Santa Clara Valley Nonpomt Sourcs
Pollution Control Program. 1992.
Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Ptugiaia: Program Development and Approval Guidance. Woddng Group Working
Paper. USEPA. April 1992.
Storm Water Management for Construction Activities; Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management
Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA. April 1992.
CA11
CoortractSon Handbook 4-12 March. 1993
ACTIVITY: SPILL PREVEKTION AND CONTROL Objectives
Contain Wasta
Mininua Disturbed Aftas
StaoiHa Disturbed Anas
Protect Slopes/Channeis
Control Site PerimtW
Control Internal Erosion
DESCRIPTION
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from leaks and spills by
reducing tie chance for spills, stopping the source of spills, containing and cleaning up
spills, properly disposing of spill materials, and training employees.
This best management practice covers only spill prevention and control. However. CAIO
(Material Delivery and Storage) and CA11 (Material Use), also contain useful informa-
tion, particularly on spill prevention. For information on wastes, see the waste manage-
ment BMPs in this chapter.
APPROACH
The following steps will help reduce the storm water impacts of leaks and spills:
Define "Significant Soill"
Different materials pollute in different amounts. Make sure that each employee
knows what a "significant spill" is for each material they use. and what is the appro-
priate response for "significant" and "insignificant" spills.
General Measure*
• Hazardous materials and wastes should be stored in covered containers and protected
from vandalism.
Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible.
• Train employees in spill prevention and cleanup.
• Designate responsible individuals.
Cleanup
• Clean up leaks and spills immediately.
• On paved surfaces, clean up spills with as little water as possible. Use a tag for small
spills, a damp mop for general cleanup, and absorbent material for larger spills. If the
spilled material is hazardous, then the used cleanup •materials are also hazardous and
must be sent to either a certified laundry (rags) or disposed of as hazardous waste.
• Never hose down or bury dry material spills. Clean up as much of the material as
possible and dispose of properly. See the waste management BMPs in this chapter for
specific information.
Reporting
• Report significant spills to local agencies, such as the Fire Department: they can assist
in cleanup.
• Federal regulations require that any significant oil spill into a water body or onto an
adjoining shoreline be reported to the National Response Center (NRQ at 800-424-
8802 (24 hour).
Targeted Pollutants
O Sediment
O Nutrient*
Q Toxic Materials
Q Oil A Grease
O Floatable Materials
O Other Construct/on
Waste
• Likely to Here
Significant Impact
O Probable Law orUnknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
O Capitol Costs
Q OtM Coats
O Maintenance
Q Training
O Suitability for
Slopes >5%
High O
CA12
Best'
Management
Practices"1
Construction Handbook 4-13 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTROL (Continue)
Use the following measures related to specific activities:
V*hir'e •jpd gouirrnent Vfainrenanre
• If maintenance must occur on-site. use a designated area and/or a secondary containment, located away from
cinunage courses, to prevent the ranon of storm water and me runoff of spills.
Regularly inspect on-site vehicles and equipment for leaks, and repair immediately.
Check incoming vehicles and equipment (including delivery trucks, and employee and subcontractor vehicles) for
leaking oil and fluids. Do not allow leaking vehicles or equipment on-site.
• Always use secondarv containment, such as a drain pan or drop cloth, to catch spills or leaks woen removing or
changing fluids.
• Place drip pans or absorbent materials under paving equipment when not in use.
• Use adsorbent materials on tmaii spills rather rhan hosing down or burying the spill. Remove me adsorbent materi-
als promptly and dispose of properly.
• Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper waste or recycling drums. Don't leave full dnp pans or odier open
containers lying around.
• Oil filters disposed of in trash "»"« or dumpsters can leak oil and pollute storm water. Place the oil filter in a funnel
over a waste oil recycling drum to drain excess oil before disposal. Oil filters can also be recycled. Ask your oil
supplier or recycler about recycling oil filters.
• Store cracked bauehes in a non-leaking secondary container. Do this with all cracked batteries, even if you think all
the acid has drained out If you drop a battery, treat it as if it is cracked. Put it into the containment area until you
are sure it is not leaking.
Vehicle and Foninrngm
• If fueling must occur on-site. use designated areas, located away from drainage courses, to prevent the runon of
storm water and the runoff of spills.
• Discourage "topping-off of fuel tanks.
• Always use secondary containment such as a drain pan, when fueling to catch spills/leaks.
REQUIREMENTS
• Costs (Capital. O&M)
- -- Prevention of leaks and spills is inexpensive. Treatment and/or disposal of contaminated soil or water can be
quite expensive.
• Maintenance
Keep ample supplies of spill control and cleanup materials on-site. near storage, unloading, and maintenance
areas.
Update your spill prevention and control plan and stock cleanup materials as changes occur in the types of
chemicals on-site.
LIMITATIONS
• If necessary, use a private spill cleanup company.
REFERENCES
Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution
Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program. 1992; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source
Pollution Control Program. 1992.
Storm Water Management for Construction Activities. Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management
Practices. EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA. April 1992.
CA12
Construction Handbook 4-14 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
Graeme. Norm Central Texas CC-G. 19S3
Objectives
Housekeeping Practices
C[Cgntam Waste}
Uimmiza Disturbed Anas
Statiliza Disturbed Anas
Prorec? Slooes/Qunneis
Control Sit» Perimeter
Control Internal Erosion
DESCRIPTION
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to sunn water from solid or construction
waste by providing designated waste collection areas and containers, arranging for regular
disposal, and training employees and subcontractors.
APPROACH
Solid waste is one of the major pollutants resulting from construction. Construction debris
includes:
• Solid waste generated from trees and shrubs removed during land clearing, demolition
of existing structures (rubble), and building construction:
Packaging materials including wood, paper and plastic:
Scrap or surplus building materials including scrap metals, rubber, plastic, glass
pieces, and masonry products: and
• Domestic wastes including food containers such as beverage cans, coffee cups, paper
bags, and plastic wrappers, and cigarettes.
The following steps will help keep a clean site and reduce storm water pollution:
Select designated waste collection areas on-site.
• Inform trash hauling contractors that you will accept only water-tight dumpsters for
on-site use. Inspect dumpsters for i^afo and repair any dumpster that is not water
tight.
• Locate containers in a covered area and/or in a secondary containment.
• Provide an adequate number of containers with lids or covers that can be placed over
the container to keep rain out or to prevent loss of wastes when it's windy.
• Plan for additional containers and more frequent pickup during the demolition phase
of construction.
Collect site trash daily, especially during rainy and windy conditions.
• Erosion and sediment control devices tend to collect litter. Remove this solid waste
promptly.
• Make sure that toxic liquid wastes (used oils, solvents, and paints) and cfarTT|'<r>1<
(acids, pesticides, additives, curing compounds) are not disposed of in dumpsters
designated for construction debris.
• Salvage or recycle any useful manual For example, trees and shrubs from land
clearing can be used as a brush barrier (see ESC33), or convened into wood chips,
then used as mulch on graded areas (see ESC11).
• Do not hose out dumpsters on the construction site. Leave dumpster cleaning to trash
hauling contractor.
• Arrange for regular waste collection before containers overflow.
Targeted Pollutants
Q Sediment
O Nutrients
O Toxic Materials
O Oil A Grease
• Floatable Materials
• Other Construction
Waste
• Likely to HaveSignificant Impact
O Probable Law orUnknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
O Capital Costs
O 0AM Costs
Q Maintenance
9 Training
O Suitability for
Slopes >S%
High O Low
CA20
Besr
Management
Practices'*
Construction Handbook 4-15 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: SOUD WASTE MANAGEMENT (continue)
If a container does spin, dean op
• Make sure that construction waste is collected, removed, and disposed of only at authorized disposal areas.
Train employees and subcontractors in proper solid waste management.
For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 42. CA40, Employee/Subcontractor
Training.
REQUIREMENTS
• Costs (Capital. O&M)
All of the above are low cost measures.
• Maintenance
Collect site trash daily.
Inspect construction waste area regularly.
Arrange for regular waste collection.
LIMITATIONS
• There are no major limitations to this best management practice.
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites; Flood Control District of Mahcopa
County, AZ. September 1992.
Processes. Procedures, and Methods to Control Pollution Resulting &om all Construction Acuviry, USEPA, 430/9-73-
007.1973.
Storm Water Management for Construction Activities. Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management
Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992.
CA20
Construction Handbook 4 -16 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT
Grapnic: Norm Central Texas COG. 1993
Objectives
Housekeeping Practfcu
(^Contain WtstT}
Minimize Disturbed Areas
Stabilize Disturbed Anas
Protect SlopesJChanneis
Control Site Perimeter
Control Internal Erosion
DESCRIPTION
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from hazardous waste through
proper material use, waste disposal, and training of employees and subcontractors.
APPROACH
Many of the chemicals used on-site cm be hazardous mawi.-iis wbich become hazardous
waste upon disposal. These wastes may include:
• Paints and solvents;
• Petroleum products such as oils, fuels, and grease;
• Herbicides and pesticides;
• Acids for cleaning masonry; and
• Concrete curing compounds.
In addition, sites with existing structures may contain wastes which must be disposed of in
accordance with Federal. State, and local regulations. These wastes include:
• Sandblasting grit mixed with lead-, cadmium-, or chromium-based paints;
• Asbestos: and
PCBs (particularly in older transformers).
The following steps will help reduce storm water pollution from hazardous wastes:
Material Use
• Use all of the product before disposing of the container.
• Do not remove the original product label, it contains important safety and disposal
information.
• Do not over-apply herbicides and pesticides. Prepare only the amount needed.
Follow the recommended usage instructions. Over-application is expensive and
environmentally harmful. Apply surface dressings in several smaller applications, as
opposed to one large application, to allow time for infiltration and to avoid excess
material being carried off-site by runoff. Do not apply these chemicals just before it
rains. People applying pesticides must be certified in accordance with Federal and
Stare regulations.
• Do not clean out brushes or rinse paint containers into me dirt, street, gutter, storm
drain, or stream. "Paint out" brushes as much as possible. Rinse water-based paints
to the sanitary sewer. Filter and re-use thmnexs and solvents. Dispose of excess oil-
based paints and sludge as hazardous waste.
Targeted Pollutants
O Sediment
O Nutrients
Q Toxic Materials
O Oil* Grease
O Floatable Materials
O Other Construction
Waste
• Likely to HaveSignificant Impact
O Probable Low or
Unknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
O Capital Costs
O 0AM Costs
O Maintenance
Q Training
O Suitability for
Slopes >S%
High O Low
CA21
Besr
Management
Practices"1
Construction Handbook 4-17 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT (Continue)
• Select designated hazardous waste collection areas on-sice.
• Hazardous materials and wastes should be stored in covered containers and protected from vandalism.
• Place Hazardous waste containers in secondary containment.
Do noc mix wastes, mii can faiisg chemical reactions, make recycling impossible, and complicate disposal.
• Recycle any useful material such as used oil or water-based paint.
• Make sure fh;" toxic liquid wastes (used oils, solvents, and paints) and chemicals (acids, pesticides, additives, curing
compounds) are not disposed of in dumpsters designated for construction debris.
Arrange for regular waste collection before containers overflow.
• Make sure that hazardous waste (e.g. excess oil-based paint and sludges) is collected, removed, and disposed of cmy
at authorized disposal areas.
For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 42, CA40. Employee/Subconoractor
Training.
Training
• Train employees and subcontractors in proper hazardous waste management.
Warning signs should be placed in areas recendy treated with chemicals.
Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible.
• If a container does spill, clean up immediately.
REQUIREMENTS
• Costs (Capital. O&M)
All of the above are low cost measures.
• Maintem
Inspect hazardous waste receptacles and area regularly.
Arrange for regular hazardous waste collection.
LIMITATIONS
Hazardous waste that cannot be reused or recycled must be disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste hauler.
REFERENCES
Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Coostrucrion-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution
Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Noopoim Source Pollution Control Program. 1992.
Processes. Procedures, and Methods to Control Pollution Resulting from all Construction Activity, USEPA, 430/9-73-
007.1973.
Storm Water Management for Construction Activities. Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management
Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA. April 1992.
CA21
Construction Handbook 4 -18 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: CONTAMINATED SOIL MANAGEMENT Obj«ctiv«s
Housekeeping Practices
— , ~—Contain Waste,,•• ^^•••^•^
Tinimtza Disturbed Anas*.
^=——=£t30ilize Disturbed^
Protect Slopes/Channets
Control Site Perimeter
Control Internal Erosion
DESCRIPTION
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from contaminated soil and
highly acidic or alkaline soils by conducting pre-construction surveys, inspecting excava-
tions regularly, and remediating contaminated soil promptly.
APPROACH
Contaminated soils may occur on your site for several reasons including:
• Past site uses and activities:
• Detected or undetected spills and leaks: and
• Acid or alkaline solutions from exposed soil or rock formations high in acid or
alkaline-forming elements.
Most developers conduct pre-construction environmental assessments as a matter of
routine. Recent court rulings holding contractors liable for cleanup costs when they
unknowingly move contaminated soil, highlight the need for contractors to confirm that a
site assessment is completed before earth moving begins.
The following steps will help reduce storm water pollution from contaminated soil:
• Conduct thorough site planning including pre-construction geologic surveys.
Look for contaminated soil as evidenced by discoloration, odors, differences in soil
properties, abandoned underground tanks or pipes, or buried debris.
• Prevent leaks and spills to the maximum extent practicable. Contaminated soil can be
expensive to treat and/or dispose of properly. However, addressing the problem
before construction is much less expensive than after the structures are in place.
• Test suspected soils at a certified laboratory.
If the soil is contaminated, work with the local regulatory agencies to develop options
for treatment and/or disposal.
For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2,
C A40, Employee/S ubcontractor Training. .. •
REQUIREMENTS
• Costs (Capital. O&M)
Prevention of leaks and spills is inexpensive. Treatment and/or disposal of
contaminated soil can be quite expensive.
• Maintenance
Inspect excavated areas daily for signs of contaminated soil.
Implement CA12. Spill Prevention and Control, to prevent leaks and spills as
much as possible.
Targetad Pollutants
9 Sediment
O Nutrients
• Toxic Materials
Q Oil & Grease
O Floatable Materials
O Other Construction
Waste
Likuly to Hav«
Significant Impact
Profrabte Low orUnknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
O Capital Costs
O O&M Costs
Q Maintenance
O Training
O Suitability for
Slopes >5%
High O Low
CA22
Best'
Management
Practic^
Construction Handbook 4-19 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: CONTAMINATED SOIL MANAGEUEHT (Continue)
LIMITATIONS
• Contaminated soils '^* cannot be treated on-site must be disposed of off-site by a lirrnvrl hazardous waste hauler.
• The presence of contaminated soil may indicate contaminated water as welL See CA1 (Dewatenng Operations) in
this chapter for more mformaaoa.
REFERENCES
Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industnes: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution
Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program. 1992.
Processes. Procedures, and Metbods to Control Pollution Resulting from all Construction Activity: L'SEPA. 430/9-~3-
007,1973.
Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management
Practices. EPA832-R-9200S; USEPA. April 1992.
CA22
Construction 4-20 March, 1993 <*•
ACTIVITY: CONCRETE WASTE MANAGEMENT Objectives
Housekeeping Practices
(^Contain IVasS^
M/n/mizt Disturbed 4ras
Stabilize Distuned Anas
Protect SlopesJ&anneis
Control Site Perimeter
Control Internal Erosion
DESCRIPTION
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from concrete waste by
conducting washout off-site, performing on-site washout in a designated area, and training
employees and subcontractors.
APPROACH
The following steps will help reduce storm water pollution from concrete wastes:
Store dry and wet materials under cover, away from drainage areas.
• Avoid mixing excess amounts of fresh concrete or cement on-site.
• Perform washout of concrete trucks off site or in designated areas only.
• Do not wash out concrete trucks into storm drains, open ditches, streets, or streams.
• Do not allow excess concrete to be dumped on-site. except in designated areas.
• For on-site washout:
locate washout area at least 50 feet from storm drains, open ditches, or water
bodies. Do not allow runoff from this area by constructing a temporary pit or
bermed area large enough for liquid and solid waste;
wash out wastes into the temporary pit where the concrete can set. be broken up.
. and then disposed of properly.
• When washing concrete to remove fine panicles and expose the aggregate, avoid
creating runoff by draining the water to a bermed or level area.
• Do not wash sweepings from exposed aggregate concrete into the street or storm
drain. Collect and return sweepings to aggregate base stock pik, or dispose in the
trash.
• Train employees and subcontractors in proper concrete waste management.
• For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2,
CA4Q, Employee/Subcontractor Training.
REQUIREMENTS
• Costs (Capital O&M)
All of the above are low cost measures.
• Maintenance
Inspect subcontractors to ensure that concrete wastes are being properly man-
aged.
If using a temporary pit. dispose hardened concrete on a regular basis.
LIMITATIONS
• Off-site washout of concrete wastes may not always be possible.
Targeted Pollutants
O Sediment
O Nutrients
O Toxic Materials
O Oil A Grease
O Floatable Materials
O Other Construction
Waste
• Likely to Have
Slgniflcmnt Impact
O Probable law or
Unknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
O Capital Costs
O 0AM Costs
Q Maintenance
Q Training
O Suitability for
Slopes >S%
High O
CA23
Best*
Management
Practices'*
Construction Handbook 4-21 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: CONCRETE WASTE IIANAGEMEKT (Continue)
..
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites: Flood Control District of Mancopa
County, AZ. July 1992.
Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Consmiction-Relaied Industries: Best Management Practices for Sconn Water Pollunon
Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollunon Control Program, 1992.
Scoon Water Management for Construction Activities. Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management
Practices. EPA 832-R-9200S: USEPA. April 1992.
CA23
Coostractfoo Handbook 4-22 March, 1993
AC 71V1TY: SANITARY/SEPTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT Objectives
Housakeeping Practicas
Minimus Disturbed Artas
Stabilize Disturbed Anas
Protect S/oo*s/Chann«/s
Ccnml Site Psrimaur
Central Inttmal Erosion
DESCRIPTION
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from sanitary/septic waste by
providing convenient, well-maintained facilities, and arranging for regular service and
disposal.
APPROACH
Sanitary or septic wastes should be treated or disposed of in accordance with State and
local requirements. These requirements may include:
• Locate sanitary facilities in a convenient location.
• Uncreated raw wastewater should never be discharged or buried.
• Temporary septic systems should treat wastes to appropriate levels before discharging.
• If using an on-site disposal system (OSDS). such as a septic system, comply with local
health agency requirements.
• Temporary sanitary facilities that discharge to the sanitary sewer system should be
properly connected to avoid illicit discharges.
• If discharging to the sanitary sewer, contact the local wastewater treatment plant for
their requirements.
• Sanitary/septic facilities should be maintained in good working order by a licensed
service.
• Arrange for regular waste collection by a licensed hauler before facilities overflow.
• For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2.
CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training.
REQUIREMENTS
• Costs (Capital. O&M)
All of the above are low cost measures.
• Maintenance
Inspect facilities regularly. -
Arrange for regular waste collection.
LIMITATIONS
• There are no major limitations to this best management practice.
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites; Flood
Control District of Maricopa County, AZ. September 1992.
Storm Water Management for Construction Activities. Developing Pollution Prevention
Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-9200S; USEPA. April 1992.
Target«d Pollutants
O Sediment
O Nutrients
O Toxic Materials
O OH A Crease
O Floatable Materials
Q Other Construction
Waste
• Likely to HaveSignificant Impact
Q Probable Low or
Unknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
O Capital Costs
O 0AM Costs
O Maintenance
O Training
O Suitability for
Slopes >5%
High O Low
CA24
Best1
Management
Practices'^
Construction Handbook 4-23 March, 1993
AC T1VITY: VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT CLEANING
Graonic: Norm C«ntraJ Tuxas COG. 1993
Objectives
DESCRIPTION
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from vehicle and equipment
cleaning by using off-site facilities, washing m designated, contained areas only, eliminat-
ing discharges to the storm drain by infiltrating or recycling the wash water, and/or
training employees and subcontractors.
APPROACH
• Use off-site commercial washing businesses as much as possible. Washing vehicles
and equipment outdoors or in areas where wash water flows onto paved surfaces or
into drainage pathways can pollute storm water. If you wash a large number of
vehicles or pieces of equipment, consider conducting this work at an off-site commer-
cial business. These businesses are better equipped to handle and dispose of the wash
waters properly. Performing this work off-site can also be economical by eliminating
the need for a separate washing operation at your site.
• If washing must occur co-site, use designated, bermed wash areas to prevent wash
water contact with storm water, creeks, rivers, and other water bodies. The wash area
can be sloped for wash water collection and subsequent infiltration into the ground.
• Use as little water as possible to avoid having to my?n erosion and sediment controls
for the wash area.
• Use phosphate-free, biodegradable soaps.
• Educate employees and subcontractors on pollution prevention measures.
• Do not permit steam cleaning oo-site. Steam cleaning can generate significant
pollutant concentrations.
• For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 42.
CA40. Employee/Subcontractor Training.
REQUIREMENTS
• Costs (Capital. O&M)
All of the above are low cost measures. "
• Maintenance
Minimal, some berm repair may be necessary.
LIMITATIONS
• Even phosphate-free, biodegradable soaps have been shown to be toxic to fish before
the soap degrades.
• Sending vehicles/equipment off-site should be done in conjunction with ESC24
(Stabilized Construction Entrance).
REFERENCE
Swisher. RD., 1987. Surfactant Biodeeradanoa Marcel Decker Corporation
Contain Wisti
Uinimizt Disturbed Ants
Sttbilia Disturbed Ants
Protect Slope&Ctunneis
Targeted Pollutants
O Sediment
O Hutrienta
Q Toxic Mfterimlt
Q OHAGremse
O Flomtsble Umteritls
O Other Construction
Waste
9 Ukeiy to HereStgniflcmnt Impect
O PnbeUeLeworUnknown Impeet
Implementation
Requirements
Q Cep'nml Costs
O O^M Costs
O Meintenmnce
O Training
O Suttmbitity for
Slopes >5\
• High O Low
CA30
Best'
Management
PracticesN
Construction Handbook 4-24 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT FUELING Objectives
- -
"Housekeeping Practices?,
Contain Waste
Minimize Disturbed Afus
Stabilize Distuned Anas
Protect Slopes/Channels
Control Site Perimeter
Control Internal Erosion
DESCRIPTION
Prevent fuel spills and leaks, and reduce their impacts to storm water by using off-site
facilities, fueling in designated areas only, enclosing or covering stored fuel, implementing
spill controls, and training employees and subcontractors.
APPROACH
• Use off-site fueling stations as much as possible. Fueling vehicles and equipment
outdoors or in areas where fuel may spill/leak onto paved surfaces or into drainage
pathways can pollute storm water. If you fuel a large number of vehicles or pieces of
equipment, consider using an off-site fueling station. These businesses are better
equipped to handle fuel and spills properly. Performing this work off-site can also be
economical by eliminating the need for a separate fueling area at your site.
• If fueling must occur on-site. use designated areas, located away from drainage
courses, to prevent the runon of storm water and the runoff of spills.
• Discourage "topping-off' of fuel tanks.
• Always use secondary containment, such as a drain pan or drop cloth, when fueling to
catch spills/leaks.
• Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible.
• Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down or burying the spill.
Remove the adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly.
• Carry out all Federal and State requirements regarding stationary above ground storage
tanks.
• Avoid mobile fueling of mobile construction equipment around the site; rather,
transport the equipment to designated fueling areas. With the exception of tracked
equipment such as bulldozers and perhaps forklifts. most vehicles should be able to
travel to a designated area with little lost tune.
• Train employees and subcontractors in proper fueling and cleanup procedures.
For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 42, CA40,
Employee/Subcontractor Training.
REQUIREMEiNTS
Costs (Capital O&M)
All of the above measures are low cost, except for the capital costs of above
ground tanks that meet all local environmental, zoning, and Ore codes.
• Maintenance
Keep ample supplies of spill cleanup materials on-site.
Inspect fueling areas and storage tanks on a regular schedule.
LIMITATIONS
Sending vehicles/equipment off-site should be done in conjunction with ESC24
(Stabilized Construction Entrance).
Targeted Pollutants
O Sediment
O Nutrients
O Toxic Materials
Q Oil A Creese
O floatable Materials
O Other Construction
Waste
9 Likely te HeveSigniflcmnt Impact
O Prohibit Low or
Unknown Impact
. Implementation
Requirements
9 Capital Costs
O 0AM Costs
O Maintenance
Q Training
O Suitability for
Slopes >S%
High O Low
CA31
Best1
Management
Practices'1
Construction Handbook 4-2S March, 1993
AC T1VITY: VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
Gracric- Horn C«ntraj Texas CC<3. :993
Objective*
Contain Wtsta
Hinimm Disturbed Ants
Stabilia Distumd Ants
Prouct S/ojMS/Ctenmts
Control Sitt Ptrfmtfrr
Control Inttrral Erosion
DESCRIPTION
Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from vehicle and equipment
maintenance by running a "dry site". This involves using off-site facilities, performing
work in <v*jgnaw> areas only, providing cover for materials stored outside, checking for
leaks and spills, containing and cleaning up spills immediately, and training employees and
subcontractors.
APPROACH
• Keep vehicles and equipment clean, don't allow excessive build-up of oil and grease.
• Use off-site repair shops as much as possible. Maintaining vehicles and equipment
outdoors or in areas where vehicle or equipment fluids may spill or leak onto the
ground can pollute storm water. If you maintain a large number of vehicles or pieces
of equipment, consider using an off-site repair shop. These businesses are better
equipped to handle vehicle fluids and spills properly. Performing this work off-site
can also be economical by eliminating the need for a separate maintenance area.
• If maintenance must occur on-site. use designated areas, located away from drainage
courses, to prevent the runon of storm water and the runoff of spills.
• Always use secondary containment, such as a drain pan or drop cloth, to catch spills or
leaks when removing or changing fluids.
• Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible.
• Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down or burying the spill.
Remove the adsorbent mar»riai« promptly and dispose of properly.
• Regularly inspect on-site vehicles and equipment for leaks, and repair immediately.
• Check incoming vehicles and equipment (including delivery trucks, and employee and
subcontractor vehicles) for leaking oil and fluids. Do not allow leaking vehicles or
equipment oo-site.
Segregate and recycle wastes, such as greases, used oil or oil filters, antifreeze,
cleaning solutions, automotive batteries, bydraulic^and transmission fluids.
Train employees and subcontractors in proper maintenance and spill cleanup proce-
dures.
• For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 42, CA40,
Employee/Subcontractor Training.
REQUIREMENTS
• Costs (Capital O&M)
All of the above are low cost measures.
• Maintena
Keep ample supplies of spill cleanup man-rial* on-site.
Inspect maintenance areas on a regular vh^ji)i«»
Targeted Pollutants
O Nutrients
O Toxic Umttrimla
Q Oilt
O
O Of/ier Construction
Wrnst*
Slgnificmnt Imp^t
Unknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
O Capita/Cast*
O 0AM Co**
O Ufinttnmncf
^ Trmining
O Suitability for
Slop**>5%
pn,
m
High O Lew
CA32
Best'
Management
Practices'*
Construction Handbook 4-26 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE (Continue)
LIMITATIONS
Sending venicles;equipment off-site should be done in conjunction with ESC24 (Stabilized Conscrucuon Entrance).
Outdoor veaicle or equipment maintenance is a potenually significant source of storm water pollution. Activities £at
can rrmr.imin.iM- storm water mclude engine repair and service, particularly changing or replacement of fluids, ami
outdoor equipment storage and parsing (dripping engines). For further information on vehicle or equipment servicing,
see CA30. Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning, and CAJ1. Vehicle and Equipment Fueling.
Listed below is further information if you muse perform vehicle or equipment maintenance on-site.
Reduction
Pans are often cleaned using solvents such as trichloroethylene. l.l.l-tnchloroetnane. or methylene chloride. Many of
these pans cleaners are harmful and must be disposed of as a hazardous waste. Reducing the number of solvents makes
recycling easier and reduces hazardous waste management costs. Often, one solvent can yafurut a job as well as two
different solvents. Also, if possible, eliminate or reduce the amount of hazardous materials and waste by substituting
non-hazardous or less hazardous manriau For example, replace chlorinated organic solvents (1,1,1-trtchloroethane.
methylene chloride, etc.) with non-chlorinated solvents. Non-chlorinated solvents like kerosene or mineral spirits are
less toxic and less expensive to dispose of properly. Check list of active ingredients to see whether it contains chlori-
nated solvents. The "chlor" term indicates that the solvent is chlorinated. Also, try substituting a wire brush for solvents
to clean parts.
Separating wastes allows for easier recycling and may reduce disposal costs. Keep hazardous and non-hazardous wastes
separate, do not mix used oil and solvents, and keep chlorinated solvents (like 1.1,1-trichloroethane) separate from non-
chlorinated solvents (like kerosene and mineral spirits). Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper waste or recycling
drums. Don't leave full drip pans or other open containers lying around.
Oil filters disposed of in trash cans or dumpsters can leak oil and contaminate storm water. Place the oil filter in a funnel
over a waste oil recycling drum to drain excess oil before disposal. Oil filters can also be recycled. Ask your oil
supplier or recycler about recycling oil filters.
Do not dispose of extra paints and coatings by dumping liquid onto (he ground or throwing it into dumpsters. Allow
coatings to dry or harden before disposal into covered dumpsters.
Store cracked batteries in a non-leaking secondary container. Do this with all cracked batteries, even if you think all the
acid has drained out. If you drop a battery, treat it as if it is cracked. Put it into the containment area ontil you are sure it
is not leaking.
Do not bury used tires.
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites; Flood Control District of Mancopa
County. AZ, September 1992.
Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construcnoo-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution
Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992.
Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Piograin: Program Development and Approval Guidance, Working
Group Working Paper. USEPA. April 1992.CA32
Construction Handbook 4-27 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: EMPLOYEE/SUBCONTRACTOR TRAINING Objectives
Uinimat Disturbed,
Staoilizt OtsrurOM Anas
Contra/ Sit*
Control inttmMl smsicn
DESCRIPTION
Employee/subcontractor training, like maintenance or a piece of equipment, is not so much a best management pracuc: a
it is a method by which to implement BMPs. This fact sheet highlights the importance of training and of integrating the
elements of employee/subcontractor training from the individual source controls into a comprehensive training program
as pan of a company's Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP).
The specific employee/subcontractor training aspects of each of me source controls are highlighted in the individual fact
sheets. The focus of this fact sheet is more general, and includes the overall objectives and approach for assuring
employee/subcontractor training in storm water pollution prevention. Accordingly, the organization of this fact sheet
differs somewhat from the other fact sheets in this chapter.
OBJECTIVES
Employee/subcontractor training should be based on four objectives:
• Promote a clear identification and understanding of the problem, including activities with the potential to pollute
storm water
• Identify solutions (BMPs);
• Promote employee/subcontractor ownership of the problems and the solutions: and
• Integrate employee/subcontractor feedback into training and BMP implementation.
APPROACH
• Integrate training regarding storm water quality management with existing training programs that may be required for
your business by other regulations such as: the Illness and Injury Prevention Program (IIPP) (SB 198) (California
Code of Regulations Tide 8. Section 3203), the Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response
(HAZWOPER) standard (29 CFR 1910.120X the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCO Plan (40
CFR 112). and the Hazardous Materials Management Plan (Business Plan) (California Health and Safety Code.
Section 6.95).
• Businesses, particularly smaller ones that may not be regulated by Federal. State, or local regulations, may use the
information in this Handbook to develop a (raining program to reduce their potential to pollute storm water.
• Use the quick reference on disposal alternatives (Table 4.2) to train employee/subcontractors in proper and consistent
methods for disposal.
CA40
Besr
Management
Practices'*
Construction Handbook 4-28 March, 1993
ACTIVITY: OIPLOYEE/SUBCOKTRACTOR TRAINING (Continue)
Consider posting the qni^i. nrfar*wT abte anxmd the job sice or in the oo-site offr* trailer to reinforce training.
Train employee/subcontractors m standard operating procedures and spill cleanup techniques (Irvnihrd in the tact
sheets. Employee/subcoQoaaacs trained in spill containment and cleanup should be present during the loading/
unloading and handling of materials.
Personnel wbo use pesticides should be trained in their use. The California Department of Pesticide Regulation and
county agricultural commissiooers license pesticide dealers, certify pesticide applicators, and conduct on-ate
inspections.
Proper education of off-site contractors is often overlooked. The conscientious efforts of well trained employee
subcontractors can be lost by unknowing off-site contractors, so T"»^ sure they are well informed about what they
are expected to do on-site.
CA40
itfoo Handbook 4-29 March, 1993
TABLE 4.2 QUICK REFERENCE - DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVES
(Adopted from Santa Clara County Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program - December IW2)
All of Ilic waste products on this chart arc prohibited from discharge to the storm drain system. Use this matrix to decide which alicmaiivc dis|>osal
AI.TKRNA I IVI1S AKK US TKI> IN PRIORITY OK 1)1 lit.
Key: IIIIW Household hazardous waste (Government-sponsored drop-oil events)
POTW Publically Owned Treatment Plant
Reg.Dd. Regional Water Quality Control Doard (Oakland)
"Dispose to sanitary sewer" means dispose into sink, toilet, or sanitary sewer clean-out connection.
"Dispose as trash" means dispose in dumpstcrs or trash containers lor pickup and/or eventual dis|M>sal in laiullill.
"Dispose as hazardous waste" lor business/commercial means contract with a hazardous waste hauler to remove and dispose
DISCIIARGE/ACriVITY IIUSINKSS/COMMGRCIAL
Disposal Priorities Approval
KI:SII)I:NTIAI
Disposal Priorities
General Construction and Puintini;; Street and Utility Maintenance
Excess paint (oil-based)1. Recycle/reuse.
2. Dispose as hazardous waste.
1. Recycle/reuse.
2. Take to IIIIW diopoll
Excess paint (water-based)1. Recycle/reuse.
2. Dry residue in cans, dispose its trash.
3. It' volume is loo much 10 dry,
dispose as hazardous waste.
1. Rccycle/i euse.
2. Dry residue in cans, ilis|M>sc as Hash.
J. II volume is loo much 10 iliy, lake lo
IIIIW drop nil
Paint cleanup (oil-based)Wipe painl out ol" hi uslies, then:
1. Filler & reuse ihinncrs, solvents.
2. Dispose as hazardous waste.
Wipe painl out ol In uslies. then:
1. [-liter &. tense Ihiniicrs, solvents.
2. Take to IIIIW drop oil
Paint cleanup (water-based)Wipe paint out of brushes, llien:
I. Rinse lo sanitary sewer.
Wipe painl mil ol luushes. then:
1. Rinse lo sanitary sewei.
Empty painl cans (thy)
Paint stripping (with solvent)
I. Remove lids, dispose ais irash.
I. Dispose as hazardous waste.
1. Remove lids, dis|M>sc. as Hash.
1. lake to IIIIW diop oil
r>0-
<OO
Building exterior cleaning (high-
pressure wilier)
1. Prevent entry inlo storm drain and
remove ol'lsile
2. Wash onto dirt area, spade in
3. Collect (e.g. mop up) ami
discharge to sanitary sewer I'OTW
Cleaning of building cxieriois which
have IIA/.AUIHHJS MA 1 ICKIAI.S (e.g.
mercury. lead) in painis
1 . Use dry cleaning methods
2. Contain and dispose washwaler as
hazardous waste (Suggestion: thy
material first to reduce volume)
I I 1 I I 1 i I I « I * I I 1 I • I I 1 I Ii 1 i i ! I i ii i i 1 i i
Table 4.1 (Continued)
I'age 2
DISCHARGE/ACTIVITY HUS1NESS/COMMERCIAL
Disposal Priorities Approvad
KICSIDKNTIAL
Disposal Priorities
General Construction and Painting; Street and Utility Maintenance (cunt'd)
Non-hazardous paint scraping/
sand blasting
HAZARDOUS paint scniping/saiiid hilling
(e.g. marine paints or paints containing
fend or n ibutyl tin)
Soil from excavations during periods
wlien stonns are forecast
i
Soil from excavations placed on paved
surfaces during periods when slonns are not
forecast
Cleaning streets in construction areas
Soil erosion, sediments
Fresh cement, grout, mortar
Washwaler from concrete/mortar
(etc.) cleanup
Aggregale wash 1'ioni dnve way/patio
lOIISllllCIIOII
1. Dry sweep, dispose as trash
1. Dry sweep, disjiose as
hazardous waste
1. Should not be placed in street or
on paved areas
2. Remove from site or backfill by
end of day
3. Cover with tarpaulin or surround
with hay bales, or use other
runoff controls
4. Place filler mat over slum drain
Note: Thoroughly sweep following removal of
dirt in all four alternatives.
1 . Keep material out of storm conveyance
systems and thoroughly remove via
sweeping following removal of dirt
1. Dry sweep and minimi/e tracking of
mud
2. Use sill ponds and/or similar pollutant
reduction icchmi|ucs when Hushing
pavement
1 . Cover dislm lied soils, use erosion
controls, block entry to storm drain.
2. Seed or plant immediately.
1. Use/reuse excess
2. Dispose to trash
1. Wash onto dirt area, spade in
2. Pump and remove to appropriate
disposal facility
3. Settle, pump water lo sanitary sewer
1. Wash onto diil area, spade in
2. Pump ami remove lo appropriate
disposal liicilily
3. .Settle, pump water lo sanitary sewer
wi-w
I'OTW
1. Dry sweep, dis|M>sc as ti.isli
1. Dry sweep, lake to IIIIW dmp oil
1. Use/reuse excess
2. l)is|Kise as trash
1. Wash onto tint aiea. spade in
2. Pump and lemove to appio|Hiate
disposal liicilny
1. Settle, pump wain in Miiuiaiy sewn
1. W;isli onto diil aiea, spade in
2 I'uiitp anil remove in ii|i|>iopiimc
dupOMll IlKlllly
1. Settle, pump wain In s.inil.iiy sovri
•i3-
Table -II (Continued)
Page 3
onstruction Handbook4k.
•
U
y-
>->
VO
DISCHARGE/ACTIVITY HUSINRSS/COMMERCIAL
Disposal Priorities Approval
Kl SIDI Nil A 1
Disposal Priorities
General Construction and Painting; Street and Utility Maintenance (coni'd)
Rinsewater from concrete mixing trucks
Non-ha/ai doits construction ami
demolition debris
Hazardous demolition and
construction debris (e.g. asbestos)
Saw cut shiny
Construction dewalcring
(Noniurbid, unconiaminaied groundwaler)
Construction dewalering (Oilier than
noniurbid. unconiaminaied groundwaler)
Portable toilet waste
Leaks from garbage dumpsicrs
1. Return (ruck to yard Tor rinsing
into pond or diri area
2. At construction site, wash into pond
or dirt area
1. Recycle/reuse (concrete, wood, etc.)
2. Dispose as trash
1. Dispose as hazardous waste
1. Use dry culling icchnii|iie and sweep
up residue
2. Vacuum slurry and dispose off -site.
3. Block storm drain or bcrni with low
weir as necessary 10 allow most solids
to settle. Shovel out gutters; dispose
residue to dirl area, construction yard
or landfill.
1. Recycle/Reuse
2. Discharge to storm drain
1. Recycle/reuse
2. Discharge 10 sanitary sewer
3. As appropriate, treat prior 10
discharge to storm drain
1. Leasing company shall dispose
to sanitary sewer at POTW
1. Collect, contain leaking material.
Eliminate leak, keep covered,
return to leasing company for
immediate repair
2. If duinpster is used for liquid
waste, use plastic liner
IOTW
Iteg. Dd.
POTW
1. Kccycle/ieuse (onu'ieie. wood, etc.
2. DisjHtse as trash
1. Do not attempt to lemove yourself.
Contact asbestos removal service for
safe removal and tlis|M>sal
2. Very small amounts (less than *> Ihs)
may l»c ilouMc wi;i|>|x:<l in plastic ;uul
taken to IIIIW (Imp oil
I I I I I I
I t I I ! I 1 I t fill!"4
Table 4.1 (Continued)
I'age 4
DISCHARGE/ACTIVITY BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL
Disposul Priorities Approval
UISIDI NTIAI
Disposal Priorities
General Construction and Tulnting; Street and Utility Maintenance (cont'd)
Leaks from construction debris bins
Dumpsier cleaning water
Cleaning driveways, paved areas *
(Special Focus = Restaurant alleys Grocery
duinpster areas)
/
* Note: Local drought ordinances may
contain additional restrictions
Steam cleiuiing of sidewalks, pla/as *
* Note: Loud drought ordinances may
contain additional restrictions
Potable water/line flushing
Hydrant testing
Super-clilorinaied (above 1 ppm) water
from line flushing
1. Insure (hat bins are used for dry
nonhazardous materials only
(Suggestion: Fencing, covering help
prevent misuse)
1. Clean at dumpstcr owner's facility
and discluirgc wiistc through grease
interceptor to sanitary sewer
2. Clean on site avid discharge through
grease interceptor to sanitary sewer
1 . Sweep and dispose as trash
(Dry cleiuiing only).
2. For vehicle lejiks, restaurant/grocery
alleys, follow this 3 -step process:
a. Clean up leaks with rags or
absorbents,
b. Sweep, using granular
absorbent material (cat litter).
c. Mop and dispose of mopwaler to
sanitary sewer (or collect rinsewater
and pump to the sanitary sewer).
3. Same as 2 above, hut with rinsewater
(2cHno soap) discharged 10 storm drain.
1. Collect all water and pump to sanitary
sewer.
2. Follow this 3 -step process:
a. Clean oil leaks with nigs or
adsorbents
b. Sweep (Use dry absorbent as needed)
c. Use no soap, discharge to storm drain
1. Deactivate chlorine by
maximizing time water will travel
before reaching creeks
1. Discharge to sanitary sewer
2. Complete declilorination required
before discharge to storm drain
POTW
POTW
1
1. Sweep and dispose as liasli (Dry cleaning
only).
2. hoi vehicle leaks, lollow (Ins
3-siep (MiK'ess:
a. Clean up leaks wiih tags or
absoilicnls; disjiosc as lia/aidous
waste.
1). Sweep, using giauulai
absorbent maieual (cat huei).
c. Mop and dispose of mopwaler
lo sanitary sewer.
na-
NOVO
Taltlc '1.1 (Continued)
Page 5
DISCHARGE/ACTIVITY HUSINESS/COMMI'HCIAI.
Disposal Priorities Approval
UKSIDI NIIAI, |
Disposal! Priorities
Landscape/Garden Maintenance
Pesticides
Garden clippings
Tree trimming
Swimming pool. spa. fountain water
(emptying)
Acid or oilier pool/spai/founlain cleaning
Swimming pool, spa filler backwash
1. Use up. Rinse containers use
rinscwalcr as product. Dispose
rinsed containers as trash
2. Dispose unused pesticide as
hazardous waste
1. Compost
2. Take lo Landfill
1. Chip if necessary, before
composting or recycling
1. Do not use metal-based algicidcs (i.e.
Copper Sullate)
2. Recycle/reuse (e.g. irrigation)
3. Determine chlorine residual = 0. wail
24 hours and llicn discharge to stonn drain.
1. Neutralize and discharge to sanitary
sewer
1. Reuse Tor irrigation
2. Dispose on din area
3. Set Ik. dispose 10 sanitary sewer
TOIAV
POTW
1. Use up. Kiuse coiilaincis, use
rinscwalcr as pesticide. Dispose
rinsed container as trash
2. Take unused pesticide In IIIIW diop-
oll
1 . Compost
2. Dispose as Hash.
1. Chip if necessary, Itcloic cum|H>sling
or recycling
1. Do not use metal -hascd algicidcs (i.e.
Co|i|x:r Sul laic)
2. Kecycle/ieuse (e.g. ini{;aiuin)
3. Determine chlorine residual - (1, wail
24 hours and then dischaige lo sionu drain.
1. Use lor landscape iiiigalion
2. Dis|M»se on din aica
3. Settle, «lis|K»sc lo sanitary sewer
Vehicle Wastes
Used motor oil
Antifreeze
Oilier vehicle fluids mid solvents
Automobile batteries
i_ / h^mr/amsJ-'iclHiii lyiil.-i waste
1. Use secondary containment while
storing, send to recyclcr.
1. Use secondary containment while
storing, send 10 rccycler.
1. Dispose as hazardous waste
1 . Send lo anlo haltcry rccycler
2. Tnke lo Recycling Center
1. Use holding lank. Dis|H.
liiiilaf fctti f | | | )III
1. I'm tuil lor cmhside lecycliiig pickup
wheie available
2. Take to Recycling 1 anliiy or iiiuo
service lacility with recycling program
3. Take to IIIIW events accepting motor oil
1. Take lo Recycling Facility
1. Take to IIIIW event
1. l:xchaii|;c at telail mulct
2. 'hike in Kccyclnig l-aeiliiy 01 IIIIW event
where lialleries me ;u icjMftl
1 list1 (milling lank. ills|>mc In sain
f f f 1 II II II
2
i-i—>g
1 1 1 1 I
Table 4.1 (Continued)
Page 6
\
DISCHARGE/ACTIVITY BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL
Disposal Priorities Approval
m.sim NTIAI.
Disposal Priorities
Vehicle Wastes (cont'd)
Vehicle Washing 1. Recycle
2. Discharge 10 sanitary
sewer, never lo sionii drain
PO'FW
1. Tukc lo Coinincicial Car Wash.
2. Wash over lawn or dm area
3. If soap is used, use a Itui ket lor soapy
water and dischaigc icmaiiiiiig soapy
water lo sanitary scwcr.
Mobile Vehicle Washing I. Collect washwaler and discharge lo
sanitary sewer.POTW
Rinsewmer frotn tlusl removal al new car
Heels
1. Discharge lo sanitary scwcr
2. It* rinsing tlusl from exterior surfaces
from appearance purposes, use no soap
(water only): discharge to storm drain.IttTW
Vehicle leaks al Vehicle Repair Facilities Follow this 3-sicp process:
1. Clean up leaks with nigs or absorbents
2. Sweep, using granular absorbent
material (cat liner)
3. Mop and dispose or mopwater to
sanitary sewer.
Other Wastes
Carpet cleaning solutions & oilier
mobile washing services
I. Dispose 10 sanitary scwcr POTW I. Disuse to sanilaiy scwcr
Roof drains 1. II' roof is contaminated with
industrial waste products,
discharge 10 sanitary scwcr
2. If no contamination is present,
discharge to storm drain
vos
Cooling water
Air conditioning condensate
1. Recycle/reuse
2. Discharge to sanitary sewer POTW
Pumped groundwalcr, infiltration/
foundation drainage (contaminated)
1. Recycle/reuse (landscaping, etc.)
2. Treat if necessary; discharge to
sanitary sewer
3. Treat and discharge lo storm drain
Reg. lid.
POTW
Reg, ltd.
Fire fighting flows If contamination is present, Fire Dept.
will attempt to |wcvent How to stream
or storm drain
Table -1.1 (Continued)
Page?
DISCHARGE/ACriVITY HUSI NESS/COMMERCIAL
Disposal Priorities Anprovul
UllSIDI NIIAI.
Disposal Priorities
Other W»slea (cont'd)
Kilchen Grease 1. Provide secondary containment, colleci,
scud 10 recylcr.
2. Provide secondary conlaiiiiiienl. collccl,
send to POTW via hauler.
POTW
I. Collccl, solidity, dispose as hush
Restaurant cleiuiing of lloor mats,
exhaust tillers, etc.
1. Clean inside building willi discharge
through grease imp 10 sanitary sewer.
2. Clean outside in container or termed
area with discharge to sanitary sewer.
Clean-up witslcwaler froin sewer back-up I. Follow this proccdiNc:
a. Block sionn drain, contain, colleci,
and return spilled inaieruil to the
sanitary sewer.
b. Block storm drain, rinse remaining
material to collection point and
pump lo Sitniiary sewer, (no rinse-
water may (low 10 sionn drain)
BMP: SCHEDULING Obj«CtJV«S
Certain Wo*^ i-
Disturbed Ams^—MM^^^^^"""
Disturb** Ants
DESCRIPTION
Sequencing the construction project to reduce the amount and duration of soil exposed co
erosion by wind. rain, runoff, and vehicle tracking.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
Proper sequencing of construction activities to reduce erosion potential should be incorpo-
rated into the schedule of every construction project. Use of other, more costly yet less
effective, erosion and sedimentation controls, may often be reduced through proper
construction sequencing.
APPROACH
• Project design considerations: Design project to integrate into existing land contours.
Significant regrading of a site will require more costly erosion and sedimentation
control measures and may require that on-site drainage facilities be installed.
• Incorporate existing, natural areas: Inventory and evaluate the existing site terrain and
vegetation. Disturbance of highly erosive natural areas (e.g., steep, unstable slope
areas, watercourses) should be minimized, while protecting other areas may enhance
site aesthetics. Construction should not disturb these areas (see ESC2).
• Avoid rainy periods: Schedule major grading operations during dry months. Allow
enough time before rainfall begins to stabilize the soil with vegetation or physical
means (see ESC 10 to 24) or to in«raU temporary sediment trapping devices (see ESC
50 to 56).
• Practice erosion and sediment control year round: Erosion may be caused during dry
seasons by "Creak" rainfall, wind and vehicle tracking. Therefore, keep the site
stabilized year-round, and retain wet season sediment trapping devices.
• Minimize soil exposed at one time: Schedule projects to disturb only small portions
of the site at any one rim<» Complete grading as soon as possible. Immediately
stabilize the disturbed portion before grading the next portion. Practice staged
seeding—revegetate cut and fill slopes as the work progresses.
• Trenching: Cose and stabilize open trenches as soot; as possible. Sequence trench-
ing projects so that most open portions of the trench are closed before new trenching-
is begun.
REQUIREMENTS
Cost
Construction scheduling to reduce erosion may increase other construction costs
due to reduced economies of scale in performing site grading. The cost-effec-
tiveness of scheduling techniques should be compared with the other, less
effective erosion and sedimentation controls to achieve a cost-effective balance.
Targeted Pollutants
O Sediment
O Nutrients
O Toxic Umtmrimi*
O OilAGr
O
Other Construction
Wmstt
• Likely to H*ve
Significant Impeet
O Prebeble Low or
Unknown Impeet
Implementation
Requirements
O C*p*»l Costs
O 0AM Costs
O Mfintmntncm
O Training
O Suability for
Slope* >S%
High O Low
ESC1
Best'
Management
Practices^
Construction Handbook S • 3 March, 1993
BMP: SCHEDULING (Continue)
LIMITATIONS
There are oo significant limitations to the use of this BMP.
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Flood Control District of Mancopa
Coonry. Arizona -1992.
Erosion and Sediment Control Guidelines for Developing Areas m Texas, U.S. Derailment of Agriculture. Soil Conser-
vation Service, Fort Worth. Texas - 1976.
Storm Water Management for Construction Activates. Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management
Practices, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water (EPA 832-R-92-005) - September. 1992.
Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. Third Edition, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreance.
Division of Soil and Water Conservation -1992.
ESC1
Construction 5-6 March, 1993 *
BMP: PRESERVATION OF EXISTING VEGETATION Objectives
Housekeeping Practices
Contain Wast*
nimizt Disturbed Afta
Disturbed
Centra/ imamal Erosion
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Carefully planned preservation of existing vegetation minimizes the potential of removing
or injuring existing trees, vines, shrubs and/or grasses that serve as erosion controls.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
• Areas within site where no construction activity occurs, or occurs at a later date.
Sensitive areas where natural vegetation exist and should be preserved, such as: steep
slopes, watercourses, and building sites in wooded areas.
• Areas where local, state and federal government requires preservation, such as: vernal
pools, wetlands, marshes, certain oak trees, etc.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
• Clearly mark, flag or fence vegetation or areas where vegetation should be preserved.
• Prepare landscaping plans which include as much existing vegetation as possible and
state proper care of this vegetation both during and after construction.
• Define and protect with benns, fencing, signs, etc, a setback area from vegetation to
be preserved. Setback area size should be based on the location, species, size, age and
potential impact of adjacent construction activities or permanent improvements.
• Proposed landscaping plans which do not include plant species that compete with the
existing vegetation.
• Do not locate construction traffic routes, spoil piles, etc.. where significant adverse
impact on existing vegetation may occur.
REQUIREMENTS
Maintenance
Inspection and maintenance requirements for protection of vegetation are low.
During construction the limits of grading or disturbance should be clearly marked
at all times.
Irrigation or maintenance of native trees or vegetation should conform to specifi-
cations on the Landscape Plan.
Cost „
There is little cost associated with preserving existing vegetation if properly
planned during the project design, and may yield aesthetic benefits which
enhance property values.
LIMITATIONS
• Requires forward planning by the owner/developer, contractor and design staff.
• For sites with diverse topography, it is often difficult and expensive to save existing
trees while grading the site satisfactorily for the planned development.
Targeted Pollutants
• Sediment
O Nutrients
O Toxic Materials
O 0/7 A Grease
O Floatable Materials
O Other Construction
Waste
• Likely to Have
Significant Impact
O Probable Law or
Unknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
O Capital Costs
O O&M Costs
O Maintenance
O Training
£ Suitability for
Slopes >S%
High O Low
ESC2
Best*
Management
Practices''
Construction Handbook 5-7 March, 1993
Additional Information — Preservation of Existing Vegetation
The best way to prevent excessive erosion is to not disturb the land. On a construction site, where extensive land
disturbance is necessary, a reasonable BMP would be to not disturb land in sensinve areas of the site which oeed not be
altered for the project to be viable (e.g.. natural watercourses, steep slopes), and to design toe site to incorporate parscu-
lariy unique or desireable existing vegetation into the site landscaping pan. Clearly marking and leaving a buffer area
around these unique areas *-Ul both help to preserve these areas as^-vell as take advantage of natural erosion prevention
and sediment trapping in naturally vegetated areas.
Existing vegetation to be preserved on the site must be protect from mechanical and other injury wnile me land is
being developed. The purpose of protecting existing vegetauon is to insure the survival of desirable vegetation tor
shade, beautification. and erosion protection. Mature vegetation has extensive root systems that help to hold soil in
place, thus reducing erosion. Also, vegetation helps to keep soil from drying rapidly and becoming susceptible to
erosion. To effectively save existing vegetation, no disturbances of any kind should be allowed wichin a defined area
around the vegetation. For trees, no construction acuvicy should occur within the drip line of the tree.
The following criteria may be used for deciding which vegetauon will remain on the site:
• Aesthetic values: Consideration should be given to foliage, flowering habits, bark and crown characteristics (for
trees).
• Freedom from disease and rot.
Life span of trees: Short-lived trees need not be preserved.
• Environmental values: Habitat; screening; and buffers.
• Sudden exposure: Save vegetation which grows in direct sunlight and is able to withstand radiated beat from
proposed buildings and pavement.
• Space needed: Sufficient space must be provided between the vegetauon and any structures, electric and telephone
lines, water and sewer lines, driveways and streets. Mark trees and shrubs with bright paint or ribbon so there is no
doubt as to which trees and shrubs are to be left and protected from damage during construction.
Saving existing vegetation and mature trees on-site. beautifies the area and may save money by reducing new landscap-
ing requirements. Mature trees also increase property values and satisfy consumer aesthetic needs.
Preserving and protecting existing vegetation can often result in more stable soil conditions during construction. Careful
site planning and identification of plantings to preserve can provide erosion and sedimentation controls during construc-
tion, and contribute to the aesthetics of the development. For example, in Sacramento County a tree ordinance has been
adopted that protects the native California Oak tree. Provisions to protect the tree and its root system during construction
must be specified in the project plans, and an area must be provided where the soil stability may not be disturbed. No
grading or construction storage within the tree dripline is allowed.
TTKfallatinn/Annlication
Building sites may be planned to integrate existing vegetation and trees. Construction impacts must be considered.
Trench width for pipe construction projects and the location of permanent structures, such as buildings, needs to be
considered when preserving existing vegetation, including mature trees and their root system. Native vegetation should
be preserved since it is able to adapt to the climate. The USDA Soil Conservation Service should be contacted about
existing vegetation for sites throughout California. Mature trees are generally preferable to newly planted trees because
of the greater soil stabilization provided by the extensive^root system of a mature tree.
ESC2
Construction Handbook 5.3 March, 1993
Additional Information — Preservation of Existing Vegetation
Methods for protecting existing vegetation and trees:
• Stake off root system limit* (drip Une of tree). Some counties limit construction within 5 feet of the tree dnp line.
Fence off the area to be preserved or along the tree dnp line.
• Flag or ff*1"^ trees to remain in place.
• Tree wells and reining walls (permanent) help preserve existing vegetation, but must be large enough to protect the
root system (see below).
For the California Oak tree, no trenching or irrigation should be allowed within the dnplines of the tree, since coin
these activities are detrimental to the preservation of the tree.
• Where grading tmdrr trees is necessary, excavation and fill should be limited to I foot within the dnpiines.
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites. Rood Control District of Mancopa
County, Arizona, September 1992.
County of Saoamento Tree Preservation Ordinance - September 1981.
Storm water Management Water for the Puget Sound Basin, Washington State Department of Ecology. The Technical
Manual - February 1992. Publication # 91-75.
Water Quality Management Plan for the T^-» Tahoe Region. Volume n. Handbook of Management Practices. Taboe
Regional Planning Agency • November 1988.
ESC2
Construction Handbook 5-9 March, 1993
BMP: SEEDING AND PLANTING Objectives
Housekeeping Practices
Contain Wastt
Uinimixt Disturbed Ants
.—• ; •
Stabilia Disturbed t
^^ "'rotocf SiopesJCtm
Control Srtt Ptrimrtfr
Control Internal Erosion
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Seeding of grasses and plantings of trees, shrubs, vines and ground covers provide loog-
tenn stabilization of soiL In some areas, with suitable Himaw*, grasses can be planted for
temporary stabilization.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
• Appropriate for site stabilization both during construction and post-construction.
• Any graded/cleared areas where construction activities have ceased.
• Open space cut and fill areas.
• Steep slopes.
• Spoil piles.
• Vegetated swales.
• Landscape corridors.
• Stream
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
Type of vegetation, site and seedbed preparation, planting time, fertilization and water
requirements should be considered for each application.
Grasses:
• Ground preparation: fertilize and mechanically «tahi«w the soiL
• Tolerant of short-term temperature extremes and waterlogged soil conditions.
• Appropriate soil conditions: shallow soil base, good drainage, slope 2: 1 or flatter.
• Develop well and quickly from seeds.
• Mowing, irrigating, and fertilizing are vital for promoting vigorous grass growth.
Trees and Shrubs:
• Selection Criteria: vigor, species, size, shape & wildlife food source.
• Soil conditions: select species appropriate for soiLdrainage & acidity.
Other Factors: wind/exposure, temperature extremes, and irrigation needs.
Vines and Ground Covers:
• Ground preparation: lime and fertilizer preparation.
• Use proper seeding rates.
Appropriate soil conditions: drainage, acidity, slopes.
• Generally avoid species requiting irrigation.
Targeted Pollutants
• Sediment
Q Nutrients
Q Toxic Umteriels
O ontGremee
O FlomtMble Ueterieis
O Other Construction
Weste
SlgniUcuit trnpuet
O Prob*>* Low or
Unknown Imptet
Implementation
Requirements
O Ciprt*! Costa
Q 0AM Cost*
Q Trmining
Q Suitfbillty for
Slop+*>S%
High O Low
ESC10
Best*
Management
Practices'^
Construction Handbook 5-10 March, 1993
BMP: SEEDING AND PLANTING (Continue)
REQUIREMENTS
Shrubs and trees must be adequately watered and fertilised and if needed pruned.
Grasses may need to be watered and mowed.
• Cose Average annual cost for installation and mauiienance (2 year useful life, source: EPA. 1992)
Seeding: S300 per acre, appropriate for flat slopes and stable soils.
Scaling with Mulching: SI. 100 per acre, appropriate for moderate to steep slopes and/or erosive soils.
Trees, shrubs, vines, and ground cover Cost, applicability based on species used and terrain features.
LIMITATIONS
• Permanent and temporary vegetation may not be appropriate in dry periods without irrigation.
• Fertilizer requirements may have potential to create storm water pollution if improperly applied.
ESC10
Construction Handbook 5-11 March, 1993
Additional Information — Seeding and Planting
Permanent seeding of grasses, sodding, and planting of ores, shrubs, vines and ground covers can provide long-term
stabilization of soil. Permanent seeding and plannng contributes to long-term site aesthetics and helps reduce erosion by
reducing the veloaty of runoff, allowing infiltration to occur, filtering sediments, and by holding soil panicles in place.
Seeding and planting should be applied as soon as final grading is done to all graded and cleared areas of the construc-
tion site wbere plant cover is uiomateiy desired. For sxamole. vegetanon may be established along landscaped corridors
and buffer zones wbere they may ac: as filter strips (see TC6 in Chapter 5 of the Municipal Handbook). Additionally,
vegetated swales, steep and/or roclcv slopes and stream banks ran also serve as appropriate areas for seeding and
plantings.
rnstallarion/Application Criteria
Application of appropriate vegetation must consider the seedbed or plantbed. proper seasonal planting tunes, water
requirements fertilizer requirements and availability of the selected vegetation within the project's region. Permanent
plantings during the construction stage of projects require careful coordination between the local agency inspectors,
project managers, construction managers, and landscape contractor. Protocols for coordination and implementation
procedures regarding site across, construction staging, and short- and long-term planting areas should be developed prior
to the construction bid process. Wbere possible, these protocols should be established by and remain the responsibility of
the site owner.
Because of the many available types of plants and ground covers and because site conditions and land use vary so widely
within California, a set of general guidelines is included for installation/application of grasses, trees and shrubs, vines
and ground coven. However, your local municipality. Soil Conservation Service, agricultural extention, or other
resources should be consulted on appropriate species, planting requirements, and maintenance needs for your dim are and
soils.
Grasses
Grasses, depending on the type, provide short-term soil stabilization during construction or can serve as long- term/
permanent soil stabilization for disturbed areas. In general, grasses provide low maintenance to areas that have been
cleared, graded and mechanically yahiii^ari
Selection;
The selection of the grass type is determined by the climate, irrigation, mowing frequency, maintenance effort and soil-
bed conditions. Although grasses provide quick germination and rapid growth, they also have a shallow root system and
are not as effective in stabilizing deep soils, where trees, shrubs and deep rooted ground covers may be more appropriate.
Several grasses are adaptable to the various California climates. The figure at the end of these fact sheets shows appro-
priate grasses for regions within California. Blue grass is well adapted throughout California except for in the valley
regions. The blue grass is found on dry, sandy soils that have good drainage. Bermuda grass, on the other band is well
adapted in the valley region where soils are dry. coarse and heavier. Specific seed mix and/or varieties for each site
should be provided by an approved/qualified plant materials specialist.
ESC10
S-W i
Construction Handbook 5 • 12 March, 1993
Additional Information — Seeding and Planting
The following steps should be followed to ensure established growth:
1. Select the proper grass for the site.
2. Prepare the seedbed; soil should be fertilized and contain good topsod or soil at least a 1:1 or flatter slope.
3. Broadcast the seedings in the late fall or early spring. In tie late fall, seedings should be planted by mid- Septemoer
co nave established grass by the October rainy season.
4. initial imaauon will be required often for most grasses, with follow-up irrigation and rsrolizauon as needed.
Mulching may be required in dry climates or during drought yean.
Trees & Shrubs
Selection:
Trees and shrubs, when properly selected, are low maintenance plantings thai stabilize adjacent soils, moderate the
adjacent temperanires. filter air pollutants, and serve as a barrier to wind. Some desirable characteristics to consider :n
selecting trees and shrubs include: vigor, species, age. size and shape, and use as a wildlife food source and habitat.
Trees and shrubs to be saved should be dearly marked so that no construction activity will take place within (be dnpline
of the plant The sites for new plantings should be evaluated. Consider the prior use of the land: adverse soil conditions
such as poor drainage or acidity; exposure to wind: temperature extremes; location of utilities, paved areas, and security
lighting and traffic problems.
Tune of Year - Late fall through winter (November to February) is the preferred time for transplanting in most of
California.
Preparation - Proper digging of a tree/shrub includes the conservation of as much of the root system as possible. Soil
adhering to the roots should be damp when the tree is dug. and kept moist until re-planting. The soil ball should be 12
inches in diameter for each inch of diameter of the trunk.
Site preparation • Refer to landscape plans and specifications for site and soil preparation, and for ability to coordinate
construction strategy with permanent vegetation.
Supporting the trunk - Many newly planted trees/shrubs need artificial support to prevent excessive swaying.
Watering - Soil around the tree should be thoroughly watered after the tree is set in place. When the soil becomes dry,
the tree should be watered deeply, but not often. Mulching around the base of the tree is helpful in preventing roots from
drying out.
Vines & Ground Covers
Selection:
Vines, ground covers, and low growing plants, that can quickly spread, come in many types, colors, and growth habits.
Some are suitable only as part of a yrmii maintained landscape area, while some can stabilize large areas with little
maintenance. Flowers, which provide little long-term erosion control may be planted to add color and varietal appear-
ances.
ESC10
Construction Handbook 5-13 March, 1993
Additional Information — Seeding and Planting
Caution should be exercised in the oon-oanve vegetation because of impacts to native vegetation on adjacent lands. For
example, species that may be planted at the construction site can quickly spread and compete with originally undisturbed
vegetation such as the California Poppy and California buckwheat, both of which complf.tr poorly with introduced
grasses (e.g.. planting wild oais is illegal in California). In addition to stabilizmg disturbed soiL vmes and ground covers
can perform the following funcnons:
1. Provide attractive cover that does not need mowing.
2. Help to define traffic areas and control pedestrian movement.
Site PrrparariOTV
Ground covers are plants that naturally grow very close together, causing severe competition for space nutrients and
water. Soil for ground covers should be well prepared. The entire area should be spaded, disced, or rotouiled to a depth
of six to eight inches. Two to three inches of organic material, such as good topsoil or peat, should be spread over the
entire area.
Planting;
The following steps will help ensure good plant growth.
1. Make the plantings following the contours of the land.
2. Dig the holes 1/3 larger than the plant root ball.
3 . Know what depth to place the plants.
4. Use good topsoil or soil mixture with a lot of organic matter.
5. Fill hole 1/3 to 1/2 full, shake plants to settle soil among roots, then water.
6. Leave saucer-shaped depression around the plant to bold water.
7. Water thoroughly and regularly.
8. Space plants according to the type of plant and the extent of covering desired.
Materials-
There are many different species of vines and ground coven from which to choose, but care must be taken in their
selection. It is essential to select planting mafimai« suited to both the intended use and specific site characteristics. The
plants Hicni«*H in this handbook are those which are known to be adaptgrf to California, and commonly available from
commercial nurseries. Additional information can be obtained from local nurserymen, landscape architects, and exten-
sion agents. AD approved low water use plant list may be obtained from the State Department of Water Resources or the
Soils Conservation Service.
Maintenance
General requirements include:
• Grass maintenance should be minimal to none. Irrigation and regular fertilizing may be required for some types of
grasses. Mowing is only required in areas where aesthetics or fire hazards are a concern.
• Young trees should receive an inch of water each week for the first two yean after planting. The tree should be
watered deeply, bat not more often than once per week.
• Transplanted M'.t-i should be fertilized on an annual basis.
• Piopei pruning! watering, and application of fertilizer is necessary to mainram healthy and vigorous shrubs, A heavy
layer of mulch applied around the shrubs reduces weeds and maim moisture.
Trim old growth as needed to improve me appeatance of ground coven. Most coven need ooce-a-year trimming to
promote growth. I ESC10
I ~
Construction Handbook 5-14 March, 1993
Additional Information — Seeding and Planting
imifarinns
Constnioion acnvines are likely to injure or loll cress unless adrqiuuft protective measures are taken. Direct contact
by equipment is the most obvious problem, buc damage is also caused by root stress mm filling, excavation. or
compacnng too close to trees.
Temporary seeding can only be viable when adequate ome is available for plants to grow and establish.
• Over fertilizing of plants may mi«a pollution of storm water runoff.
• Irrigation source and supply may be limiting.
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites. Rood Control District of Manccpa
Counry, September 1992.
"Draft - Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices". U.S.E .P.A.. April. 1990.
Guides for Erosion and Sediment Controls in California. USD A Soils Conservation Service - January 1991.
Kiowa Engineering, Interim Erosion and Sedimentation Control for Construction Activities, Urban Drainage and Flood
Control District. Denver, Colorado.
Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures. Association of Bay Area Governments, Jun 193 1.
Proposed Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, Work
Group Working Paper, USEPA. April. 1992.
Stormwaier Management Water for the Puget Sound Basin, Washington State Department of Ecology. The Technical
Manual - February 1992. Publication ft 91-75.
Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume n. Handbook of Management Practices, Taboe
Regional Planning Agency • November 1988.
ESC10
Construction Handbook 5-15 March, 1993
BMP: MULCHING
Mulching
Objectives
Housekeeping Practices
Corta/h Hfesfr
Uinimia Disturbed ATMS
•^Stabtlia Disturbed ,
Control Site Ptrimet*
Control Internal Erosion
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Mulching is used to temporarily and permanently stabilize cleared or freshly seeded areas.
Types of mulches include organic materials, straw, wood chips, hark or other wood fibers,
decomposed granite, and gravel.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
Temporary stabilization of freshly seeded and planted areas.
• Temporary stabilization during periods unsuitable for growing vegetation.
• Temporary stabilization of areas that cannot be seeded or planted (e.g.. insufficient
rain, steep slope).
• Mulches such as gravel and decomposed soils may be used as post-construction
BMPs, particularly in arid regions.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
Mulch prevents erosion by protecting the soil surface and fostering growth of new
seedings that do not stabilize by themselves.
• May be used with netting to supplement soil stabilization.
• Apply to planting areas where slopes are 2:1 or greater.
• Binders may be required for steep areas, or if wind and runoff is a problem.
• Type of mulch, binders, and application rates should be recommended by manufac-
turer/contractor.
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Must be inspected weekly and after rain for damage or deterioration.
• Cose Average annual cost for installation and maintenance 0-4 month useful life,
source: EPA, 1992)
• Straw Mulch: S7.500 per acre.
• Wood Fiber Mulch: S3.500 per acre.
• Jute Netting: S 12,500 per acre.
LIMITATIONS
• Wood fiber mulches should be used only in areas with over 20 inches annual precipi-
tation.
• Organic mulches are not permanent erosion control measures.
• Mulches tend to lower the soil surface temperature, and may delay germination of
some seeds.
• Permanent mulches for arid regions should include gravel and decomposed soils.
Targeted Pollutants
0 Sediment
Q Nutrients
O Toxic Materials
O Oil A Grease
O floatable Materials
O Other Construction
Waste
Ukeiy to HaveSignificant Impact
Probable Lew orUnknown Impest
Implementation
Requirements
O CapitalCoats
Q OAU Costs
Q Maintenance
O Training
• Suitability for
Slopes >5%
High O Low
ESC11
B«St'
Management
Practices^
Construction Handbook 5-16 March, 1993
Additional Information — Mulching
Mulching protects the soil from rainfall impact: increases LnfUtranon; conserves moisoire around trees, shrubs and
seedings: prevents compaction and cracking of soil: and aids plane growth for settlings and pianmgs by holding the
seeds, fertilizers and topsoil m place until growth occurs. Mulches include organic materials. straw, wood chips, bark or
other wood fibers, decomposed granite and gravel. A vanecy of netungs or mats of organic or non-organic mafmals and
chemical soil stabilization are practices that may be used conjunctively with mulching.
Mulching may be applied 10 all graded and cleared areas of the construoion site:
• Areas which have been permanently seeded to assist in retaining moisture, and to bold seedings:
.Areas which need temporary soil surface protection because seeding cannot occur due to the season:
• .Areas between trees, shrubs and certain ground covers;
• .Areas where climatic conditions require a soil moisture retention aid to avoid cracking of the soil and associated
compaction, and require soil temperature modification.
Tr|^ral|afjon/Applirarinn Criteria
Only a set of general guidelines is included for application and installation of mulching on disturbed lands because of the
various climates, soil conditions and land uses in California. Installation of mulch consists of furnishing all materials.
preparing the soil surface and applying the mulch to all soil surface areas designated on the project plans or established
by the site engineer.
Material*
Organic mulch such as straw, wood chips, bark and wood fiber, have been found to be most effective where
re-vegetation will be provided by reseeding. The choice of mulch should be based on the size of the area, site slopes,
surface conditions such as hardness and moisture; weed growth and availability of mulch materials.
Wood Fiber Mulches: Wood fiber mulches consist of specially prepared wood fiber processed to contain no growth
germination inhibiting factors. The mulch should be from virgin wood, and be manufactured and processed so the fibers
will remain in uniform suspension in water under agitation to form a homogenous slurry. The fiber lengths should be as
long as possible to increase the effectiveness for erosion control. Wood fiber mulching should not be used in areas of
extremely hot summer and late fall seasons because of fire danger. When used as a tackifier with straw mulch, wood
fiber mulches are good for steep slopes and severe climates. The California Office of the Soils Conservation Service
recommends a non-toxic mulch green dye be used to provide a visual aid in metering applications.
Wood Chips and Bark Chips: Wood and bark chips are suitable for application in landscaped areas thai will not be
closely mowed. Wood chips do not require tacking, but do require nitrogen treatment (12 pounds/too) to prevent nutrient
deficiency. Bark chips do not require additional nitrogen fertilizer. When me wood source is near the project site, wood
and bark chips can be very inexpensive. Caution must be used in areas of steep slopes, since both wood and bark chips
tend to wash down slopes exceeding 6 percent.
Straw Mulch: Straw mulch is a good short-term protection most commonly used with seeding. The mulch should be
from the current season's crop. A lener of certification from the supplier should be required to show that the straw was
baled less than 12 months from the delivery date. Wheat qr oat straw is recommended.
Emulsified Asphalt Asphalt is used to adhere the mulch to the ground surface, preventing the mulch from blowing or
washing off. The type and quantity of asphalt used should not result in a storm water pollution problem.
Binder Binder should be free flowing, noncorrosive powder produced from natural plant gum such as those marketed
under M-Binder, M145 Binder, orAZ-TAC. Synthetic, sorav-oo materials are not recommended since they tend to
create an impervious surface, and may enter the stormwater sewer system via discharge runoff. ESC1 1
Construction Handbook 5-17 March, 1993
Additional Information —
and Fmrrnmgnf
Straw Mulch: Should be applied in an even, uniform manner, either by hand or by mulch blowing equipment. Scraw
mulches must be anchored to prevent the mulch from being blown or washed off the site. Anchoring is achieved in two
ways:
• Camping: The mulch is anchored by runmns a heavy d^ with n-"" dulL serrated, closely-spaced blades over she
mulched soil Effective crnnpmg embeds the mulch about 2 inches into the soil without completely covering it. Tbe
disc should be run once or twice across the soil. About 2 1/2 tons of straw mulch per acre should be applied if me
mulch is anchored by crimping.
• Tacking: Achieved using a emulsified asphalt or binder either independently or followed by crimping. If mHr-ri
straw mulch may be applied at a rate of 1 3A ton per acre, and tacked with emulsified asphalt at a rate of 500 gallons
per acre.
Wood Fiber Mulch: Typically applied with a hydroseeder at a rate of about 1000 to 1500 pounds per acre, or as a slurry
consisting of at least 150 pounds of binder, 400 pounds of wood fiber mulch, and 200 gallons of water per acre.
Maintenance: Mulched areas require frequent inspection for damage and deterioration. Requirements will vary greatly
based on the type of mulch used and the type of vegetation to be established. Vegetative mulches are usually not
intended to be permanent; but are extended only as a base for re-seeding or re-vegetation. Where a permanent anchor for
vegetation is required, along steep slopes or areas of higher velocity flows, then a geotextile mat or net is recommended
(see ESC20).
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Flood Control District of Maricopa
County, September 1992.
Controlling Erosion of Construction Sites. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. Agriculture
Information * 347.
"Draft • Sedimentation and Erosion Control. An Inventory of Current Practices". U.SJE.P.A- April 1990.
"Environmental Criteria Manual**, City of Austin. Texas.
Guides for Erosion & Sediment Control in California. USDA Soils Conservation Service - January 1991.
Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, June 1981.
Proposed Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, Work Group
Working Paper. USEPA. April, 1992.
Soil Erosion by Water, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation District Agriculture Information Bulletin
#513.
Stormwater Management Water for the Puget Sound Basin. Washington State Department of Ecology, The Technical
Manual - February 1992, Publication * 91-75.
Water Quality Management Plan for the 1*** Tahoe Region, Volume U, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe
Regional Planning Agency - November 1988.ESC11
Construction Handbook 5 • 18 March, 1993
BMP: GEOTEXT1LES AND MATS
Objectives
Hcus*k»eping Practices
Contain Wasta
Uinimiza Disturbed Af»as
Control Site Perimaw
Control Internal Erosicn
GEMERAL DESCRIPTION
Mattings mad^ of nacural or synthetic material which are used to temporarily or perma-
nently stabilize soil.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
Typically suited for post-construction site stabilization, but may be used for temporary
stabilization of highly erosive soils.
• Channels and streams.
• Steep slopes.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
Mailings may be applied to disturbed soils and where existing vegetation has been
removed. The following organic malting materials provide temporary protection until
permanent vegetation is established, or when seasonal circumstances dictate the need for
temporary stabilization until weather or construction delays are resolved.
• Jute mattings.
• Straw mattings.
The following synthetic mailings may be used for either temporary or post-construction
stabilization, both with and without vegetation
• Excelsior matting.
• Glass fiber mailing.
• Staples.
• Mulch nettings.
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Inspect monthly and after significant rainfall.
Re-anchor loosened matting and replace mining matting and staples as required.
• Cost
Relatively high compared to other BMPs.
LIMITATIONS
• Mattings are more costly than other BMP practices, limiting their use to areas where
other BMPs are ineffective (e.g^ channels, steep slopes).
• May delay seed germination, due to reduction in soil temperature.
• Installation requires experienced contractor to ensure soil stabilization and erosion
protection.
Targeted Pollutants
£ Sediment
O Nutrients
O Toxic Materials
O Oil A Grease
O Floatable Materials
O Other Constrjcticn
Waste
• Ukely to Have
Significant Impact
O Probable Low or
Unknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
• Capital Costs
Q 0AM Costs
O Maintenance
O Training
• Suitability for
Slopes >S%
High O Low
ESC20
Best'
Management
PracticesN
Construction Handbook 5-19 March, 1993
Additional Information — Geotextnes and
Maaings are used to reduce erosion from rain fail impact, hold soil in place, and absorb and hold moisture near me soil
surface. Additionally, mattings may be used to stabilize soils until vegetation is established, This practice may be used
alone or with a mulch dunng the establishment of protective cover on critical slopes (see ESC11. Mulching;.
Saiablg Applications
Mailings are commonly applied on short, steep slopes where erosion hazard is high and vegetation wu'l be siow to
establish. Matucgs arc also used on stream banks where moving water at velocities between 3 fps anu 5 tps is likely :o
wash out new vegetation, and in areas where the soil surface is disturbed and where existing vegetation has oeen re-
moved. Mailing may also be used when seeding cannot occur te.g.. 'y* season construction and/or the arrival of an sariy
rain season). Erosion control maning should be considered when the soils are fine grained and potentially srosive.
The following natural or synthetic mattings are commonly used:
Jutg Mat - should be cloth of a uniform plain weave of undyed and unbleached single jute yarn, 48" in width, and
weighing an average of 1.2 pounds per linear yard of cloth with a tolerance of plus or minus five (5) percent, with
approximately 78 warp ends per width of cloth and 41 weft ends per linear yard of cloth. The yam should be of a loosely
twisted construction having an average twist of not less than 1.6 turns per inch and shall not vary in thickness by more
than its normal diameter.
Straw Nfat - should be a machine produced mat consisting of 70% (±3%) agricultural straw and 30% (±3%) coconut
fiber. The blanket should be of consistent thickness with the straw and coconut fiber evenly distributed over the entire
area of the mat. The blanket should be covered on the top side with polypropylene netting having an approximate 5/8" x
5/8" mesh containing ultraviolet additives to resist breakdown, and on the bottom with a polypropylene netting with an
approximate ~ x " mesh. The blanket should be sewn together with cotton thread.
Excelsior Mat - should be wood excelsior, 48 inches in width plus or minus one inch and weighing 0.8 pound per square
yard plus or minus ten percent. The excelsior material should be covered with a netting to facilitate handling and to
increase strength.
Glass Pihgr Mamno - should be of bonded textile glass fibers with an average fiber diameter of eight to twelve microns.
two to four inch strands of fiber bonded with phenol formaldehyde resin. Mat should be roll type, water permeable,
minimum thickness inch, maximum thickness inch, density not less than three pounds per cubic foot.
Staples for anchoring soil stabilizing materials should be Number 11 gauge wire or heavier. Their length should be six to
ten inches, with longer staples used in loose, unstable soils.
Other Mulcfa Netting - such as paper, plastic, cotton or fiber glass matting should be installed according to the
manufacturer's recommendations.
Installation/Application Criteria
Organic matting materials have been found to be effective where re-vegetation will be provided by re-seeding. The
choice of matting should be based on the size of area, side slopes, surface conditions such as hardness and moisture; weed
growth and availability of materials. Matting strengths and uses vary, therefore, manufacturer's specifications must be
followed. Proper installation of mattings is critical in order to obtain firm, continuous contact with the soil
ESC20
Construction Handbook 5 - 20 March, 1993
Additional Information — Geotextnes and Mats
Site Preparation: .After the site has been soaped and graded to the approved design, prepare a friable seed bed rela-
tively tree from clods and rocks more than 1 inches in diameter and any foreign material tha: will prevent contact of the
protecuve mat with the soil surface.
Planting: ruralize and seed in accordance with seeding spec.ficaiions or other types of Landscaping plans. WTien using
juts mailing on a seeded area, apply approximately oai: xe seed before laying the mat and the remainder alter laying the
mat. The protective maoing can be laid over areas where grass has been planted and the seedlings have emerged. Whers
vines or other ground covers are to be planted, lay the protecuve matting first and then plant through matting according
to design of planting.
Erosion Stops: Erosion stops are mark* of glass fiber strips, excelsior matting strips or tight-folded jute matting blanket
or stnps for use on steep, highly credible watercourses. The stops are placed in narrow trenches six to twelve inches
deep across the channel and let: flush with the soil surface. They are to cover the full cross section of designed flow
Laying and Securing Matting: Before laying the matting, all erosion stops should be installed and the friable seed bed
made free from clods, rocks, and roots. The surface upon which the separation fabric will be placed should be compacted
and finished according to the requirements of the manufacturer's recommendations.
Most matting comes with the manufacturer's recommendations for installation. Most channels will require multiple
widths of mailing, and the matting should be unrolled starting at the upper end of the channel allowing a four inch
overlap of mattings along the center of the channel. To secure, bury the top ends of the matting in a narrow trench, a
minimum of six inches deep. Backfill trench and tamp firmly to conform to channel cross section. Secure with a row of
staples about four inches down slope from the trench with staples twelve inches apart.
Where matting crosses erosion stops, reinforce with a double row of staples at six inch spacing, using a staggered pattern
on either side of the erosion stop. When the matting is overlapped, the discharge end of the mailing liner should be
similarly secured with a double row of staples.
Mechanical or manual laydown equipment should be capable of handling full rolls of fabric, and laying the fabric
smoothly, without wrinkles or folds. The equipment should meet the fabric manufacturer's recommendations or equiva-
lent standards.
Final Check: Check the following after the mating is installed:
• Make sure matting is uniformly in contact with the soil.
• All lap joints are secure.
All staples are flush with the ground.
• All disturbed areas seeded.
Limitations
Properly installed mattings provide excellent erosion control but do so at relatively high cost. This high cost typically
limits the use of mattings to areas of concentrated channel flow and steep slopes.
Installation is critical and requires experienced contractors. The contractor should install the matting material in such a
manner that continuous contact between the material and the soil occurs, otherwise the material will not stabilize the soil
and erosion will occur beneath the material. Ultraviolet protection may be required on some geotextiles. Matting
strengths and uses vary, the manufacturer's specifications should be followed.
ESC20
Construction Handbook 5-21 March, 1993
Additional Information — Geotextiies and uats
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites. Flood Control District of Mancopa
County. September 1991
Guides for Erosion and Sediment Controls in California. USD A Soils Conservation Service - January 1991.
Stonnwater Management Water for cne Puget Sound Basin. Washington Scale Department of Ecology. The Tecnmcai
Manual - February 1992, Publication # 91-75.
Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region. Volume 0. Handbook of Management Practices. Tanoe
Regional Planning Agency - November 1988.
ESC20
Construction Handbook 5-22 March, 1993
Additional Information — Geateztoes and tuts
ANCHOR SL 3UR "riE JP -CHANNEL END OF THEHE SOIL ~RMLY.NET ?N A 12" ZEE? ~3ENCJ.
STAPLE AT '2" N~E~VAl_S ACROSS "HE
OVERLAP: OVEr.LA? E'GES CF ~-E STRIPS
AT LEAST d". STAPLE EVE=V \2" -OWN "HE
CENTER OF THE S*R!P.
FLOW
JOINING STRIPS; INSERT THE NEW ROLL OR NET
IN A TRENCH. AS WITH THE ANCHOR SLOT. OVERLAP
THE UP-CHANNEL END OF THE PREVIOUS ROLL 18" AND
TURN THE END OF THE PREVIOUS ROLL. JUST BELOW THE
ANCHOR SLOT. LEAVING S" OVERLAP.
5to
CHECK SLOTS; ON ERODIBLE SOILS OR STEEP -»--^
SLOPES. CHECK SLOTS SHOULD BE MADE EVERY \5 FEET.
INSERT A FOLD OF THE NET INTO A 6" TRENCH AND
TRAMP FIRMLY. STAPLE AT 12" INTERVALS ACROSS THE
NET. LAY THE NET SMOOTHLY ON THE SURFACE OF THE
SOIL - DO NOT STRETCH THE NET. AND 00 NOT ALLOW
WRINKLES.
ANCHORING ENDS AT STRUCTURES*
PLACE THE END OF THE NET IN
A 12" SLOT ON THE UP-CHANNEL
SIDE OF THE STRUCTURE.
FILL THE TRENCH AND TAMP FIRMLY.
ROLL THE NET UP THE CHANNEL.
PLACE STAPLES AT 12" INTERVALS
ALONG THE ANCHOR END OF THE
NET.
INSTALLATION OF NETTING AND MATTING ESC2Q
Construction Handbook 5-23 March, 1993
Additional Information — Gectextaes and
:N SHALLOW SLOPES. STRFS
MAY 3S AP°L!ED
ACROSS T-£ SLOPE.
(SHALLOW SLOPES)
QLAN
IN OITHCHES. APPLY NETTING PARALLEL TO THE
DIRECTION OF FLOW. USE CHECK SLOTS EVERY
IS FEET. 00 NOT JOIN STRIPS IN THE CENTER
OF THE DITCH.
ANCHOR
TRENCH
ON STSE? SLOPES, AP*_Y
2F "CITING PARALLEL TO TME
-IRECTCN Or ~_0* ANO ANCHOR
ScCVJREi.".
CSTSS? SLOPE)
PLAN
\
8WNG NETTING DOWN TO A LHVEL BEFORE
TSRMNATINO THE INSTALLATION. TURN THE
END UNOER 6' ANO STAPLE AT B* KTERVALS.
3ERM
WHERE THERE IS A BERM AT THE TOP OF
THE SLOPE. BRING THE MATTING OVER THE8ERM ANO ANCHOR IT BEHIND THE BERM wTTH
A 12" ANCHOR TRENCH.
ORIENTATION OF NETHNG AND MATTING
ESC20
Construction Handbook 5-24 March, 1993
BMP: DUST CONTROLS Objectives
Contain Wat§
Protocf S/opes/Chenneis
Sits
Control IntsrriMl Erosion
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Dust control measures are used to stabilize soil from wind erosion, and reduce dust
generated by construction activities.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
Clearing and grading activities.
Construction vehicle traffic on unpaved roads.
Drilling and blasting activities.
Sediment tracking onto paved roads.
Soil and debris storage piles.
Batch drop from front end loaders.
Areas with im«tahiiiw./i soil.
Final grading/site stabilization usually is sufficient to control post-construction dust
sources.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
Schedule construction activities to minim™ exposed area (See ESC 1).
Quickly stabilize exposed soils using vegetation, mulching, spray-on adhesives,
calcium chloride, sprinkling, and stone/gravel layering (See ESC 10 and 11).
Identify and stabilize key access points prior to commencement of construction (See
ESC 24).
Minimizing the impact of dust by anticipating the direction of prevailing winds.
Direct most construction traffic to stabilized roadways within the project site (See ESC
23).
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Most dust control measures require frequent, often daily, attention.
Cost *.
Installation costs for water/chemical dust suppression are low, but annual costs
may be quite high since these measures are effective for only a few hours to a few
days.
LIMITATIONS
• Watering prevents dust only for a short period and should be applied daily (or more
often) to be effective.
• Overwatering may cause erosion.
• Oil should not be used for dust control became the oil may migrate into drainageway
and/or seep into the soil
• Certain rtvm,ieaiiy..irMM«f sobgrades may mairn soil water repeQant. increasing runoff.
Targeted Pollutants
• S+dimont
O Nutrients
Q Toxic Mmtmrimis
Q OiltGnmm*
O Ftomtmblm Mmttritls
O Other Construction
Wmsts
Si&\tficmnt Impact
Profc^feloworUnknown tmpsct
Implementation
Requirements
Q
O
OAU Costs
Umintfnmnc*
Trmining
O SurtmbUity for
High O Low
ESC21
Management
Practiced
Construction Handbook 5-25 March, 1993
Additional Information — Dust controls
California's mediterranean climate, with soon wet seasons and long hot dry seasons, allow the soils to thoroughly dry
out. Dunng these dry seasons, construction activities are at their peak, and disturbance and exposed areas are increas-
ingly subject to wind erosion, sediment cracking and dust generated by construction equipment.
Dust control, as a BMP. a a practice that is already in place for many construction activities. Los Angeles, the North
Coast and Sacramento, amona others aave enacted \lust control ordinances for construction acavmes that fan<^ dust to be
transported beyond the construcuon project property line. Recently, the State Air Resources Control Board has. under :he
authority of the Clean Air Act. started to address air qualicy in relanon to mhalahle paniculate matter less than 10 microns
(PM-10). 90% of these small panicles are considered to be dust. Existing dust control regulations by local agencies.
municipal departments, public works department, and/or public health departments are in place in some regions within
California For jurisdictions 'bar have no formal dust control regulations and/or standards. Sections 10. 17 and 13 of
CalTrans' Standard Specifications provide detailed provisions for dust concrol practices.
Many local agencies require dust control in order to comply with local nuisance laws, opacity laws (visibility impair-
ment) and the requirements of the Clean Air Act. The following are measures that local agencies may nave already
implemented as requirements for dust control from contractors:
• (Vmsmrctinn & Ciradmo Permits! Require provisions for dust control plans;
• Opacity Fnm<inn f imjfy Enforce compliance with California air pollution control laws;
• Increa.se overall nnfnTTP"lgnr JM*Tiviriey Priority given to cas^s involving citizen complaints;
• Mafnrain Fie|^ Application Records: Require records of dust control measures from contractor,
• Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan- (SWPPP): Integrate dust control measures into SWPPP.
Dust Control Practice*
Dust control BMP's generally stabilize exposed surfaces and minimize activities that suspend or track dust parades.
Table ESC21.1 shows which Dust Control BMPs apply to site conditions which cause dust. For heavily traveled and
disturbed areas, wet suppression (watering), chemical dust suppression, gravel or asphalt surfacing, temporary gravel
construction entrances, equipment wash-out areas, and haul truck covers can be employed as dust control applications.
Permanent or temporary vegetation and mulching and sand fences can be employed for areas of occasional or no con-
struction traffic. Preventive measures would include minimizing surface areas to be disturbed, limiting on-site vehicle
traffic to 15 miles per hour, and controlling the number and activity of vehicles on a site at any given time.
Many of the reasonably available control measures for controlling dust from construction sites can also be implemented
as BMPs for storm water pollution prevention. Those BMPs include:
• Pave, vegetate, or chemically «*ahiii-rj. arr**^ points where unpaved traffic surfaces adjoin paved roads.
• Provide covers for haul trucks transporting ™?ri»ria»« that contribute to dust.
• Provide for wet suppression or chemical stabilization of exposed soils.
Provide for rapid clean-up of sediments deposited on paved roads. Furnish stabilized construction road entrances
and vehicle wash down areas.
• Stabilize unpaved haul roads, narking and staging areas. Reduce speed and trips on unpaved roads.
Implement dust control measures for material stockpiles.
• Prevent drainage of sediment laden storm water onto paved surfaces.
• Stabilize abandoned construcuon sites using vegetation or chemical stabilization methods.
• Limit the amount of areas disturbed by clearing and earth moving operations by scheduling these activities in phases
For the chemical stabilization, there are many products available for chemically stabilizing gravel roadways and stock-
piles. The types of chemicals available and recommendations for their use are tabulated in Table ESC 212, Commonly
Used Chemicals for Dust Control
ESC21
Construction Handbook 5 - 26 March, 1993
Additional Information — Dust controls
In addition, there are many other BMPs identified in this handbook that provide dust control including:
Seeding and Plantings CESC 10)
• Mulching (ESC U)
• Construcrion Road Stabilizanon ("ESC 23)
Stabilized Constmcaon Entrances ("ESC 24)
f imirarions
• Oil treated subgrades should not be used because the oil may migrate into dramageways and/or seep into the sou.
• Chemically treated subgrades may make the soil water repeilanL interfering with long-tenn infiltration, and the
vegetanon/re-vegetation of the site. Some chemical dust suppressants may be subject to freezing and may contain
solvents and should be handled properly.
• Asphalt, as a mulch tack or chemical mulch, requires a 24 hour curing time to avoid adherence to equipment, worice
shoes, etc. Application should be limited because asphalt surfacing may eventually migrate into the drainage
system.
• In compacted areas, watering and other liquid dust control measures may wash sediment or other constituents into
the drainage system.
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites. Flood Control District of Mahcopa
County. Arizona. September 1992.
California Air Pollution Control Laws, California Air Resources Board. 1992.
CalTrans, Standard Specifications. Sections 10, "Dust Control"; Section 17, "Watering**; and Section 18, "Dust Pallia-
tive".
Prospects for Attaining the State Ambient Air Quality Standards for Suspended Paniculate Matter (PM10). Visibility
Reducing Panicles, Sulfates. fyyl. and Hydrogen Solfide, California Air Resources Board. April 1991.
Sacramento County, Winterization Ordinance & Dust Control Ordinance (example).
USDA Soil Conservation Service, "Guides for Erosion and Sediment Connor.
ESC21
Construction Handbook 5-27 March, 1993
§
P2.
TAIILE ESC 21.1 DUST CONTROL IIMI's FOR GIVEN SITE CONDITIONS
SITK
CONDITION
Dlslurbctl Areas not
Subject to Triiffic
Disturbed Areas
Subject lo Truffle
Material) Slock Pile
Suibilmilion
Demolition
Clearing/Bxcuvalion
Truck Traffic oil
Unpaved Ronds
Mud/Dirt Ciury Out
IVriuuiuiil
Vr£t-Iiillmi
X
/
Multiline
X
Wrt
Su|i|imUiMi
(W>lfllM|<)
X
X
X
X
X
X
Chi-iuliul
lluU
Su|i|irn>siluM
X
X
X
X
X
DUST CON-llil
<<nm-l in
A»|.liall
Sui(iii-Iii|>
X
X
X
X
1. MM IS
S.uiil
(•VlUI-k
X
'rrlii|Hiiuiy l.'i-.ivt-l
i.'lUlsllllllllMI
l'!iili-jiiif^/Ki|iil|>iiuiil
\Vj-,ll |»UMII
X
X
Haul
llll.l.
1 'lltll>
X
X
Mliilnil/c
lAlllll
nl A 1 fit
IMUiul.nl
X
X
X
X
Ul
5F
1 » *• f •f I I I I 1 I • I 1 I I I I I 1 f 1
TAIILE ESC 21.2 COMMONLY USED CHEMICAL FOR DUST CONTUOI.
CHEMICAL TYPES
LIMITATIONS
/
COMMENTS
SALTS
• Calcium Chloride1
• Magnesium Chloride
• Natural Brines
Can lose effectiveness in dry
periods with low luiinidiiy.
Leaches from road in heavy rain
Noi recommended lor gravel road
surfaces wild low fines.
Recommended 10-20% fines.
Calcium Chloride is popular. May
hccomc slippery when wel on
gravel surfaces with high lines.
ORGANIC, NON
PETROLEUM -llAStil)
• Calcium 1 jgnosiillonalc
• Sodium l.ignosulfonalc
• Ammonium Lignosulfouaie
Not affected by dry weather
and low humidity. Leached
from road in heavy rain if mil
suHkienlly cured.
llest pcrloimaiicc on gravel
roads wilh high surface linos
(10-30%) and dense compact
surface willi loose gravel.
Ineffective on gravel surfaces
low in fines. May hecome
slippery when wel on gravel
surfaces will) high fines
content.
PI-TROI.I-UM HASI-iD
PRODUCTS'
• Unuki-i Oil
• Asphalt Piiuu'i
• I'liuilsiliol Asphalt
(iciK'ially dlivtivi1 irgaidlcss
of ilinialk conditions may
|ii>lluilc in wi'l wc.ilhri
licsl |K'I Illl lll.llll I' Oil J'l.lVcl
loads willi S Id'/ lini-s
( 'ii'.ili's a li;inli n< il i msl
n
1
1 Molor oils mid oil iicalniciiis »rc no< rccoiiimciulcd due lu ailvcrsc elfccls UH plain life ami
2 Niil rccoiiiniciulcil due in adverse elfccls on plain life.
BMP: TEMPORARY STREAM CROSSING Objectives
..
"^Housekeeping Pracncy
Contain Wxsta
m •^•••
"Xinimize Distuned
'JltiHza Disturbed An&,
Control Site Perimeter
Control Internal Erosion
GEiNERAL DESCRIPTION
A temporary access stream crossing is a temporary culvert, ford or bridge placed across a
waterway to provide access for construction purposes for a period of less than one year.
Temporary access crossings are not intended to be used to maintain traffic for the general
public.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
Temporary stream crossings should be installed at all designated crossings of perennial
and intermittent streams on the construction site, as well as for dry channels which may be
significantly eroded by construction traffic.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
Requires knowledge of stream flows and soil strength and should be designed under the
direction of a California registered engineer with knowledge of both hydraulics and
construction loading requirements for structures.
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Inspect weekly and after eacn significant rainfall, including assessment of
foundations.
Periodically remove silt from crossings.
Replace lost aggregate from inlets and outlets of culverts.
• Cost
CalTrans Construction Cost Index for temporary bridge crossing is S45-S95 per
square feet.
LIMITATIONS
• May be an expensive for a temporary improvement
• Requires other BMPs to minimize soil disturbance during installation and removal.
Fords should only be used in dry weather.
Targeted Pollutants
• Sediment
O Nutrients
O Toxic Materials
Q OH A Grease
O Floatable Materials
O Other Construction
Waste
• Likely to Have
Significant Impact
O Probable Lower
Unknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
Q Capital Costs •
O CAM Costs
O Maintenance
O Training
O Suitability for
Slopes >S%
High Low
ESC22
Best'
Management
Practices'*jr
Construction Handbook 5-30 March, 1993
BMP: CONSTRUCTION ROAD STABILIZATION
Contain Waste
C|5oi'f/a Disturbed Anag)
Control Sita Psrimettr
Control Infernal Erosion
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Access roads, subdivision roads, parking areas, and other on-site vehicle transportation routes
should be stabilized immediately after grading and frequently maintained to prevent erosion
and control dusL
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
• Temporary construction traffic.
• Phased construction projects and off-site road access.
• Detour roads.
• Construction during wet weather.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
• Road should follow topographic contours to reduce erosion of the roadway.
The roadway slope should not exceed 15 percent.
Gravel roads should be a minimum 4-inch thick. 2-3 inch coarse aggregate base
applied immediately after grading, or as recommended by soils engineer.
• Chemical stabilizers or water are usually required on gravel or dirt roads to prevent
dust (see Dust Control ESC 21).
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Periodically apply additional aggregate on gravel roads.
Active din construction roads are commonly watered three or more rimes per day
during the dry season.
Inspect weekly, and after each rain.
Repair any eroded areas immediately.
Cost
Gravel construction roads are moderately expensive, but cost is often balanced by
reductions in construction delay.
No additional costs for dust control on construction roads should be required
above that needed to meet local air quality requirements.
LIMITATIONS
• The roadway must be removed or paved when construction is complete.
• Certain chemical stabilization methods may cause storm water or soil pollution and
should not be used (see Dust Control ESC 21).
• Management of construction traffic is subject to air quality control measures. Contact
the local air quality management agency.
Targeted Pollutants
• Sediment
O Nutrients
O Toxic Materials
O Oil A Grease
O f laatable Materials
O Other Construction
Waste
• Ukfty to HaveSignificant Impact
O Probable Lew orUnknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
Q Capital Costs
Q O&M Costs
O Maintenance
O Training
Q Suitability for
Slopes >5%
High O
ESC23
Best5
Management
Practices^
Construction Handbook 5-35 March, 1993
Additional Information — Construction Road Stabilization
Areas which are graded for construction vehicle transport and parking purposes arc especially susceptible to erosion and
dusL The exposed soil surface is continually disturbed, leaving no opportunity for vegetative stabilization. Such areas
also tend DO collect and transport runoff waters along their surfaces. During wet weather, they often become muddy
quaamires which generate significant quantities of sediment fhar may pollute nearby streams or be transported off-site on
the wheels of construction venicles. Din roads can become so unstable during wet weather mat they are virtually
unusable.
Efficient construction road stabilization not only reduces on-site erosion but can significantly speed on-site work, avoid
instances of immobilized machinery and delivery vehicles, and generally improve site efficiency and working conditions
during adverse weather.
Installation/Application Crifgria
Where feasible, alternative routes should be nvdg for construction traffic, one for use in dry condition, the other for wet
conditions which incorporate the measures listed for this BMP. Permanent roads and parking areas should be paved as soon
as possible after grading. As an alternative where construction will be phased, the early application of gravel or chemical
stabilization may solve potential erosion and stability problems. Temporary gravel roadway should be considered during the
rainy season and/or on slopes greater than 5 percent.
When gravel road is needed, apply a minimum 4-inch course of 2 to 4-inch crushed rock, gravel base, or crushed surfacing
base course immediately after grading or the completion of utility installation within the right-of-way. Chemical stabilization
may also be used upon compacted native sub-grade (see the Dust Control BMP ESC 21). These chemical controls should
be applied per the manufacturer's directions.
Temporary roads should follow the contour of the natural terrain to the maTimum extent possible. Slope should not exceed
IS percent. Roadways should be carefully graded to drain transversely. Provide drainage swales on each side of the roadway
in the case of a crowned section, or one side in the case of super-elevated section. Simple gravel berms without a trench can
also be used.
Installed inlets should be protected to prevent sediment-laden water from entering the storm sewer system (see "Storm Drain
Inlet Protection** ESC 54).
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Flood Control District of Maricopa
County, Arizona. Sepcemberl992.
Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments. June 198 1 .
Storm water Management Water for the Puget Sound Basin, Washington State Department of Ecology. The Technical
Manual - February 1992, Publication * 91-73.
Virginia Erosion and Sedimentation Control Handbook. Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division
of Soil and Water Conservation. 199 1.
Water Quality Management Plan for the T-*»"» Tahoe Region, Volume Q, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe
Regional Planning Agency - November 1988.
ESC23
j,
Construction Handbook 5 - 36 March, 1993
BMP: STABILIZED CONSTRUCTION EHTRANCE
ContMinWis*
Disturbed Aft££>
Contra/ Inttmil Erosion
GEiNERAL DESCRIPTION
The construcuoo entrance practice is a stabilized pad of aggregate imrlrriain with filter
cloth located at any point where traffic will be entering or leaving a construction site to or
from a public right-of-way, street, alky, sidewalk or parking area, Stabilizing the
construction entrance significantly reduces the amount of sediment (dust, mud) tracked
off-site, especially if a washrack incorporated for removing caked on sediment.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
• All points of construction ingress and egress.
• Unpaved areas where sediment tracking occurs from site onto paved roads.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
• Construct on level ground where possible.
• Stones should be 1-3 inches.
• Minimum depth of stones should be 6 inches or as recommended by soils engineer.
• Length ShOUld be 50-fOOl minimum, and 30-fOOt mmiTninn width.
• Provide ample turning radii as part of entrance.
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Inspect monthly and after «*-fj rainfall.
Replace gravel material when surface voids are visible.
Remove an sediment deposited on paved roadways within 24 hours.
Remove gravel and filter fabric at completion of construction
• Cose Average annual cost for installation and maintenance (Source: EPA, 1992)
- Without Wash Rock: $1500 each.
- With Wash Rock: SZZOOeach.
LIMITATIONS
• Requires periodic top dressing with additional stones?
• Should be used in conjunction with street sweeping on adjacent public right-of-way.
Targeted Pollutants
Q Sediment
Q Nutrient*
Q Toxic H*tori*i*
O FtoitMbb Umtormls
O Othor Construction
Wmst»
O Probst* Law or
Unknown Impost
lmpl«m«ntarjon
R«quir*m«nts
O Cap**/Carts
O OtU Costs
O M*intort*nc9
O Training
O Suability for
Stop«*>5%
High O Lour
ESC24
Best'
Management
Practices'^
Construction Handbook 5-37 March, 1993
Additional Information — Stabilized Construction Entrance
A stabilized construction entrance is a pal of aggregate with filter cloth located at any point where traffic will
be entering or leaving a construction site to or from a public right-of-way, street alley, sidewalk or parking area. The
purpose of a stabilized construction entrance is to reduce or eliminate the tracking of sediment onto public rights-of-way
or streets. Reducing trackout of sediments and other pollutants onto paved roads helps prevent deposition of sediments
into local storm drains and production of airborne dust.
Where traffic will be entering or leaving, a stabilized construction entrance should be used at all points of construction
ingress and egress. NPDES permits require mat appropriate measures be implemented to prevent trackout of sediments
onto paved roadways, which is a significant source of sediments derived from mud and dirt carryout from the unpaved
roads and construction sites.
Stabilized construction entrances are moderately effective in removing sediment from equipment leaving a construction
site. The entrance should be build on the level ground. Advantages of the Stabilized Construction Entrance is that it does
remove some sediment from equipment and serves to channel construction traffic in and out of the site at specified
locations. Efficiency is greatly increased when a washing rack is included as pan of a stabilized construction entrance.
The aggregate for a stabilized construction entrance aprons should be 1 to 3 inches in size, washed, well-graded gravel or
crushed rock. Minimum apron dimensions of 30 ft. x 50 ft. and 6 inches deep is adequate for two-way ingress/egress
traffic.
The entrance must be properly graded to prevent runoff from leaving the construction site.
When wash areas are provided, washing is done on a reinforced concrete pad (if significant washing is necessary) or in
an area stabilized with crushed stone which drains into a properly constructed sediment trap or basin (ESC 55 and 56).
Sediment barriers are provided to prevent sediments from entering into the stormwaier sewer system, ditch, or waterway.
• Construct on level ground.
• Stabilized construction entrances are rather expensive to construct and when a wash rack is included, a sediment trap
of some kind must also be provided to collect wash water runoff.
• Requires periodic top dressing with additional stones.
• Should be used in conjunction with street sweeping on adjacent public right-of-way.
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Flood Control District of Maricopa
County. Arizona. September 1992.
Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments,
June 1981.
Proposed Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, Work
Group Working Paper, USEPA. April. 1992.
Stonnwater Management Water for the Puget Sound Basin. Washington State Department of Ecology. The Technical
Manual - February 1992. Publication * 91-75.
Virginia Erosion ?T"j ^rfrm^tup^nn Control Handbook, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division
of Soil and Water Conservation, 1991.
Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Taboe Region. Volume n. Handbook of Management
Practices, Taboe Regional Planning Agency - November 1988.
Construction Handbook 5-38 March, 1993
Additional Information — Stabilized Construction Entrance
ore:- ~o CARRY
WASH WATER TO
SEDIMENT 3ASIN OR
/x
' — WASH RACK
VEHCLE LENGTH
DRAIN SPACE
REINFORCED CONCRETE
CHANNEL/DITCH BOTTOM
WASH RACK (SCHEMATIC)
METAL BAR
R20'
FILTER FABRIC
r TO 3* COARSE
AGGREGATE
STABU7ED CONSTRUCTION
ESC24
Construction Handbook 5-39 March, 1993
BMP: EARTH DIKE Objectives
Housekeeping Prattie
Minimize Disturbed Anas
Stabilize Disturbed Anas
Slopes/Channeig)
Control Sitt Ptrimete,
^".^^^^SSB^S^^^^^
Control Internal Erosioc
GEiNERAL DESCRIPTION
The temporary earth dike is a temporary born or ridge of compacted soil, used to divert runoff
or channel water to a desired location.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
Earth dikes are typically used to divert concentrated runoff through disturbed areas into
another BMP (e.g.. sediment basins), to divert runoff away from disturbed or unstable slopes,
to divert runoff from off-site and undisturbed areas around disturbed areas, and as a
containment for construction materials and wastes. The dikes should remain in place until the
disturbed areas are permanently stabilized. The dikes must be on-site and must safely convey
anticipated flood flows.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
• All dikes should be compacted by earth-moving equipment
• All dikes should have positive drainage to a sffih'1'*«* outlet.
• Top width may be wider and side slopes may be flaoer at crossings for construction
traffic.
• Dikes should direct sediment-laden runoff into a sediment trapping device.
• - Dikes should be stabilized with vegetation, chemicals, or physical devices.
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Inspect periodically and after every significant rainfall: repair as necessary.
• Cost
Cost ranges from S15 to S55 per foot for both earthwork and stabilization and depends
on availability of material, site location, and access.
LIMITATIONS
Dikes should not be used for drainage areas greater than 10 acres, or along slopes greater than
10 percent. For larger areas more permanent drainage structures should be built. All drainage
structures should be built in compliance with local municipal requirements.
• Earth AiVr^ may create more disturbed area on site and become barriers to construction
equipment.
• Earth d»Vg* must be «*ahtiiT^j immediately, which ^^u costaT>f* maintenance concerns.
• Diverted storm water may cause downstream flood damage.
• Dikes should not be constructed of soils which may be easily eroded.
• Regrading the site to remove toe Aiir* may »<j/j additional cose
Targeted Pollutants
0 Sediment
O Nutrients
Q Toxic Materials
O Oil A Grease
O Floatable Materials
9 Other Construction
Waste
9 LJk»iytoH*v»
Significant Impact
O Pnoattle LowerUnknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
Q Capital Casts
O 0AM Costs
O Maintenance
O Training
Q Suitability for
Slopes >S%
High O Low
ESC30
Best'
Management
Practices^
Construction Handbook 5-40 March, 1993
Additional Information — Earth Dike
The temporary eartn dike is a benn orndge of compacted soiL located in such a manner as to divert storm waier to a sediment
trapping device or stabilized outlet, thereby reducing me potcnnal for erosion and offsite sedimentation. Earth dikes can also
be used to divot nmocf from off-site and from undisturbed areas away from distorted areas, and CD divert sheet flows away
from unprotected slopes.
An earth dike does not itself control erosion or remove sediment from runoff: a dike prevents erosion by diieuiug runoff ID
an erosion control device such as a sediment trap or directing runoff away from an credible area. Temporary diversion dikes
should not adversely impact adjacent properties and must conform to local Qoodplain management regulations, and should
not be used in areas with slopes steeper than
The advantages of the temporary earth dike include the ability to h?"^1* flows from large drainage areas.
Once stabilized, earth dikes require relatively little maintenance. Additionally, the earm dikes are relatively inexpensive
to install since the soil m^ri-riai required for construction may be available on-site. and can be constructed as pan of the
initial grading operations, while toe equipment is on-site.
Uses on-site materials.
InstaJlaticmyApntiearion Critgria
Temporary earth dikes are a practical inexpensive BMP used to divert storm water runoff. Temporary diversion dikes should
be installed in the following manner
1. All dikes should be compacted by earth-moving equipment.
2 All dikes should have positive drainage to an outlet.
3. All dikes should have 2:1 side slopes, 18 inches minimum height, and a minimum top width of 24 inches. Top width
may be wider and side slopes may be flatter ax crossings for construction traffic.
4. The outlet from the earth fljfcg must function with a minimum of erosion. Runoff should be conveyed to a sediment
trapping device such as a sediment trap (ESC 55) or sediment basin (ESC 56)when either the dike channel or the drainage
area above the d'V* ajg not adequately stabilized.
5. Temporary stabilization may be achieved using seed and mulching for slopes less than 5%, and either rip-rap or sod for
slopes in excess of 5%. In either case, stabilization of the earth dike should be completed immediately after construction
or prior to the first rain.
6. If riprap is used to stabilize the channel formed along the toe of the dike, the following typical specifications apply:
CHANNEL RIPRAP
GRAQE STABTLT7ATTON
OJ-1.0% 4- Rock
1.1-2.0% 6" Rock
2.M.O% 8" Rock
4.1-5.0% 8-12' Riprap
7. The stone riprap, recycled concrete, etc. used for stabilization should be pressed into the soil with construction
equipment.
8. Filter ckxh may be used to cover dikes in use for long periods.
9. Construction activity on the earth dike should be kept to a minim vim.^'
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Flood Control District of Maricopa
County, Arizona. September 1992.
"Draft - Sedimentation and Erosion Control. An Inventory of Current Practices'*. U.S.EP.A, April. 1990.
ESC30
Construction Handbook 5-41 March, 1993
Additional information — Earth Dike
Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. S J. Goldman, K. Jackson. TA. Borsecynsky. P.E-. McGraw Hfll Book
Company.
Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures. Association of Bay Area Governments, June 198 1.
Water Quality Management Plan for the l^f Tahoe Region. Volume II. Handbook of Management Practices. Tahoe
Regional Planning Agency • November 1988.
Hk
I ESC30
Construction Handbook 5-42 March, 1993
Additional Information — Earth Dike
COMPACTED FILL
2 : I SLOPE
OR FLATTER.
BOTH SIDES
GRADE USE
STABILIZATION AS REQUIRED ON STEEP
SLOPES EXCAVATE TO PROVIDE REQUIRED
FLOW WIDTH AT FLOW DEPTH
REQUIREMENTS BASED ON UPSTREAM DRAINAGE AREA
A-OIKE HEIGHT
B-OIKE WIDTH
C-FLOW WIDTH
D-FLOW DEPTH
DIKE 1
(5 ACRES OR LESS)
18*
24"
v 4'
8-
DIKE 2
(5-10 ACRES)
36-
36-
6'
15"
TEMPORARY DIVERSION DIKE ESC30
Construction Handbook 5-43 March, 1993
BMP: TEMPORARY DRAINS AND SWALES Objective*
Housekeeping Practices
Contain Wast*
Ulnimos Disturbed Arias
Stabiliza Disturbed Anas
rated Slopes/Channel
" ^==^^
antrol Site Perime
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Temporary drains and swales are used to divert off-site runoff around the construction site,
divert runoff from stabilized areas around disturbed areas, and direct runoff into sediment
basins or traps.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
Temporary drains and swales are appropriate for diverting any upslope runoff around
unstabtlized or disturbed areas of the construction site:
• Prevent slope failures.
• Prevent damage to adjacent property.
• Prevents erosion and transport of sediments into water ways.
• Increases the potential for infiltration.
• Diverts sediment-laden runoff into sediment basins or traps.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
Temporary drainage swales will effectively convey runoff and avoid erosion if built properly:
• Size temporary drainage swales using local drainage design criteria.
A permanent drainage channel must be designed by a professional engineer (see the
local drainage design criteria for proper design).
• At a minimum, the drain/swale should conform to predevelopment drainage patterns
and capacities.
• Construct the drain/swale with an uninterrupted, positive grade to a stabilized outlet.
• Provide erosion protection or energy dissipation measures if the flow out of the drain
or swale can reach an erosive velocity.
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Inspect weekly and after each rain.
Repair any erosion immediately.
Remove sediment which builds up in the swale "and restricts its flow capacity.
• Cost
The cost of a drainage swale increases with drainage area and slope. Typical,
swales for controlling internal erosion are inexpensive.
LIMITATIONS
• Temporary drains and swales or any other diversion of runoff should not adversely
impact upstream or downstream properties.
• Temporary drains and swales must conform to local Qoodplain management require-
ments.
Targeted Pollutants
O Sediment
O Nutrients
Q Toxic Materials
O Oil & Grease
O Floatable Materials
O Other Construction
Waste
• Likely to HaveSignificant Impact
O Probable Low or
Unknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
Q Capital Coats
O 0AM Costs
O Maintenance
O Training
Q Suitability for
Slopes >S%
High O Low
ESC31
Best'
Management
Practices^
Construction Handbook 5-44 March, 1993
Additional information — Temporary Drains and Swales
Slopes that art formed during cut and Oil operations should be protected from erosion by runoff. A combination of a
temporary drainage swale and an earm dike (see ESC30) at toe top of a slope on safely divert runoff to a location where it
can safely be brought to the booom of the slope (see Pipe Slope Drain ESC32). A combination dike and swale is easily
constructed by a single pass of a bulldozer or grader and compacted by a second pass of the tracks or wheels over the ridge.
Diversion structures should be installed when the site is initially graded, and remain in place unnl post-construction BMPs
are installed and/or the slopes are stabilized.
Diversion practices concentrate the volume of surface runoff, increasing its velocity and erosive force. Thus, the flow out
Ofthe drain nrswale tnuy hf direct 0"'" 3 stabilised aira printn a grade srahili-rarinn *micnm> A Swale Should be Stabilized
using vegetation, chemical treatment, rock rip-rap, matting, or other physical "M*^"* of stabilization, if significant erosion
will occur. Any drain or swale which conveys sediment-Laden runoff must be diverted into a sediment basin or trap before
it is discharged from the site.
Installation/Apnliearinn Criteria
Diversion drains or swales are only effective if they are properly installed. Swales are more effective than dikes because they
tend to be more stable. The combination of a swale with a fofc* on the downhill side is the most cost-effective diversion.
Standard engineering design criteria for <"mn open channel and closed conveyance systems should be used (see the local
drainage design manual) Unless local drainage design criteria state otherwise, drains or swales should be designed as
follows:
• No more than 5 acres may drain to a temporary drain or swale
• Place the drain or swale above, not on, a cut and Oil slope
• Swate bottom width should be at least 2 ft
• Derxh of the swale should be at least 18 inches
Side slopes should be 2:1 or flatter
• Drain or swale should be layed at a grade of at least 1 percent, but not more than 15 percent
• The swale must not be overtopped by the 10-year. 24-hour storm, irrespective of the design criteria sated above
• Remove all trees, stumps, obstructions, and other objectionable material from the swale when it is built
• Compact any fill material along the path of the swale
• Stabilize all swales immediately. Seed and mulch swales at a slope of less than 5 percent, and use rip-rap or sod for
swales with a slope between 5 and 15 percent
• Do not operate construction vehicles across a swale unless a stabilirrd crossing is provided.
• The cost of swales and other diversion devices is generally included in the earthwork cost, as a separate item under
the grading budget of the project construction contract
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Rood Control District of Maricopa
County. Arizona, September 1992.
•* "
"Draft - Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices", U.S£ J».A^ April, 1990.
Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, June 1981.
Storm water Management Water for the Puget Sound Basin, Washington State Department of Ecology, The Technical
Manual - February 1992. Publication * 91-75.
Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume tt. Handbook of Management
Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency - November 1988.
Construction Handbook 5-45 March, 1993
Additional Information — Temporary Drains and Swales
— 3:1 CR -:_A-~3 -
STABILIZATION
LEVEL
CROSS SECTION
r-0.5x OR STEEPER.
\ DEPENDENT ON TOPOGRAPHY
STABLE OUTLET REQUIREC
TTTTXTT Y TTT
•FLOW _ow
AAAAAAAAAA
PLAN
TEMPORARY DRAINAGE SWALE
ESC31
Coostmctioa Handbook 5-46 March, 1993
BMP: SLOPE DRAIN Objectives
Housekeeping Practices
Contain Waste
Minimal Disturbed Aftas
Stabilizt Disturbed Anas
i ——»^^Protect S/opeVChann*/£:
Control Sit» Perimeter
Control Internal Erosion
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
A temporary pipe or lined channel to drain the top of a slope to a stable discharge point at the
bottom of a slope without causing erosion.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
• Where concentrated flow of surface runoff must be conveyed down a slope in order to
prevent erosion.
• Drainage for top of slope diversion dikes or swales.
• Emergency spillway for a sediment basin.
• Drainage for top of cut/fill slopes where water can accumulate.
The types of slope drain can include:
• Pipe drops.
• Flexible downdrains.
• Sectional downdrains.
• Lined terrace drains.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
• Secure inlet and surround with dikes to prevent gully erosion, and anchor pipe to
slope.
Size to convey at least the peak of a 10-year. 24-hour storm (See local flood control
agency for requirements).
• Stabilize outlet.
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Structure must be inspected regularly and after storms.
Inlet must be free of undercutting and no water should circumvent the entry.
Outlet should not produce erosion; velocity dissipators must be maintained.
Pipe anchors must be checked to ensure that me,pipe remains anchored to the
slope.
• Cost
CalTrans Cost Schedule gives regional cost ranges.
LIMITATIONS
• Maximum drainage area per slope drain b 5 acres. (For large areas use a paved chute,
rock lined <**««'"»> or ylffifygiai pipes.)
• Clogged slope drains will force water around (be pipe and cause slope erosion.
• QiyipatiCTl Of bjgfr flo^ vetogjtjgt yt the pipe n^te « required to avoid downstream
erosion.
• Failure can result in flooding and severe erosion.
Targeted Pollutants
% Sediment
O Nutrients
O Toxic Materials
O Oil&Grmmse
O Floatable Materials
O Other Construct/on
Waste
9 UkelyteHaveSignificant Impact
O Probable Low orUnknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
Q Capital Costs
O 0AM Cost*
Q Maintenance
O Training
Q Suitability for
Slopes >S%
\ • High Q Low
ESC32
Best
Mana
Practices
Construction Handbook 5-47 March, 1993
Additional Information — Slope Drain
The slope drain may be a rigid pipe, such as corrugated metal, a flexible conduit, or a lined terrace drain with the inlet placed
on the top of a slope. The drain conveys concentrated runoff down to the bottom of the slope. The BMP typically is used in
combination with a diversion control, such as a temporary dike or swale, at the top of the slope, and serves as a temporary B MP
to reduce or eliminate slope erosion until permanent BMPs are installed and the slope is stabilized.
The slope drain is applicable for any construction site wbere concentrated surface runoff can accumulate and must be conveyed
down the slope m order to prevent erosion. The slope drain is effective because it prevents the stonnwater from flowmg
directly down the slope by confining all the runoff into an enclosed pipe or channel Due to the time Lag between grading slopes
and installation of permanent storm water collection systems and slope stabilization measures, temporary provisions to
intercept runoff are sometimes necessary. Particularly in steep terrain, slope drains can protect unstabilized areas from
erosion. Typical uses include:
• Emergency spillway for a sediment basin.
• Drainage for top of cut/fill slopes where storm water can accumulate and must be conveyed down the slope.
Tnsfallation/Annlication Criteria
Temporary slope drains are highly effective in eliminating slope erosion. Installation and maintenance requirements are small.
especially when flexible pipe is used. General criteria:
• Gully erosion is the major problem with slope drains. Inlet structures must be securely entrenched and compacted to avoid
severe gully erosion.
• The drain must be securely anchored to the slope and must be adequately sized to carry the capacity of the design storm
and associated forces.
• The outlet must be stabilized with rip-rap, concrete or other type of energy dissipator. or directed into a stable sediment
trap or basin.
• A debris rack is recommended at the inlet, and should be encouraged for larger pipes and at the outlet as a safety device
to prevent small children from entering the pipe.
Materials:
Material selection and criteria for the pipe slope drain is often established by the local municipality. Soil type, rainfall
patterns, construction schedule, and available supply are some of the factors to be considered. The following types of
slope drains are commonly used:
• Ri»id Pipe* This type of slope drain is also known as a pipe drop. The pipe usually consists of corrugated metal pipe
or rigid plastic pipe. The pipe is placed on undisturbed or compacted soil and secured into the slope. One foot minimum
cover is required on the pipe, and concrete thrust blocks must be used when required by the municipality or warranted
by the calculated thrust forces. Collars should be properly installed and secured with metal strappings or watertight
collars.
• Flexible Pipg- The flexible pipe slope drain consists of a flexible conduit of heavy duty material. The conduit material
is securely anchored into the slope and connections are watertight. The conduit should be securely fastened to the metal
inlet and oudet conduit sections with metal strappings or water tight collars.
• S<?ctionniDowndraiTM* Thesecuonaldowndrainconslstsofpre-fabricated,sectionalconduitofbalf-roundorthird-round
material. The sectional downdrain performs similar to a flume or chute. The pipe must be placed on undisturbed or
compacted soil and secured into the slope.
• Congrete.lmed Tgrrace Drain- This is a concrete channel for draining water from a terrace on a slope to the next leveL
These drains are after permenant structures which should be designed according ID local drainage design criteria.
ESC32
Construction Handbook 5-48 March, 1993
Additional Information — Slope Drain
Design:
Unless specified by the local municipality, the capacity for temporary drains should be sufficient to handle the peak runoff
from a 10-year. 24-hour rainfall event. The pipe «?* may be computed using the Rational Method or a. method established
by the local municipalicy. Higher flows must be safely stored or routed to prevent any offsite concentration of flow, and any
erosion of the slope.
As a guide. temporary pipe slope drains should not be sized smaller than shown in the following table:
MINIMUM
PIPE DIAMETER
12"
18"
21"
24"
30"
MAXIMUM
DRAINAGE AREA (ACRES)
OJ
1.3
2J
3J
5.0
Permanent improvements must be designed and installed if the drainage area is greater man 5 acres.
The following additional design criteria should be considered:
• Construct the pipe slope drain entrance of a standard flared end section with a minimum 6-inch metal toe plate to
prevent runoff from undercutting the pipe inlet. The slope of the entrance is usually at least 3 percent
• Thoroughly compact the soil around and under the pipe and entrance section.
• Securely fasten the slope drain sections together, have gasketed watertight fittings, and securely anchored into the
soiL
• Secure the flared inlet section to the slope drain and have watertight connecting bands.
• Use interceptor dikes to direct runoff into a slope drain. The height of the dike should be at least 1 foot higher at all
points than the top of the inlet pipe.
• If the pipe slope drain is conveying sediment-laden water, direct all flows into a sediment trap (ESC55) or sediment
basin (ESC56).
• Unless the pipe directly enters a sediment trap/basin, stabilize the area below the outlet with a riprap apron.
Installation is critical for effective use of the pipe slope drain to minimize potential gully erosion. Maximum drainage area
per pipe slope drain is 5 acres. For larger areas use a paved chute, rock lined channel or additional pipes. (See the local
municipality for drainage requirements)
• During large storms, pipe slope drains may become clogged or overcharged, forcing water around the pipe and
causing extreme slope erosion.
• Structures for dissipation of high flow velocities at the pipe outlet must be constructed to avoid downstream erosion.
• Failure of this type of temporary structure may result in flooding and severe erosion.
• If the sectional downdrain is not sized correctly, the runoff can spill over the dram sides causing gully erosion, and
potential failure of the structure.
ESC32
Construction Handbook 5-49 March, 1993
Additional Information — slope Drain
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sices, Flood Control District of Mahcopa
County, Arizona. September 1992.
"Draft - Sedimentation and Erosion Control, An Inventory of Current Practices". U.S.EJ?-A_ ApnL 1990.
Stonnwater Management Water for the Puget Sound Basin, Washington State Department of Ecology, The Technical
Manual - February 1992, Publication # 91-75.
Water Quality Management Plan for the Lqfr* Tahoe Region. Volume E. Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe
Regional Planning Agency • November 1988.
ESC32
Jr
Construction Handbook 5-50 March, 1993
Additional Information — Slope Drain
EARTH 0<KE
STANDARD FLARED
ENTRANCE SECTION
MIN. INLET SLOPE 3x
SIDE SLOPE - 2:1
EARTH DIKE
CORRUGATED
METAL PIPE
i^TS^TH^wW
60
\
, 1 1=1 1 lr
4' MIN.
IAMETER (D)
AT LESS THAN
IX SLOPE
RJPRAP SHOULD CONSIST OF 6" DIAMETER STONE
PLACED AS SHOWN AND SHOULD BE A MINIMUM
OF 12" IN THICKNESS.
RPE SLOPE DRAIN (RIGID)
Contraction Handbook 5-51 March, 1993
Additional Information — Slope Drain
ALTERNATE:
SEDIMENT TRAP
(SEE ESC 56)
LENGTH AS
NECESSARY TO
GO THRU DIKE
H - 0-12*
PIPE ELBOW
WATERTIGHT
CONNECTING
BAND
FLEXIBLE PIPE
6" MIN
CUTOFF WALL
H
•4* MIN • LESS
THAN IX SLOPE
SEDIMENT TRAP
RIPRAP SHOULD CONSIST OF 6"
DIA STONE PLACED AS SHOWN.
DEPTH OF APRON SHOULD EQUAL
THE PIPE OIA AND RIPRAP SHALL
BE A MINIMUM OF 12" IN THICKNESS.
30
ALTERNATIVE SFDIMFNT TRAP- RtPRAP PLAN
PIPE SLOPE DRAIN (FLEXIBLE)
Construction Handbook 5-52 March, 1993
BMP: OUTLET PROTECTION Objective*
Housekeeping Practfcts
Contain Wistt
Minimize Distorted Anas
Stabilize Disturbed Anas
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Rock outlet protection is a physical device composed of rock, grouted riprap, or concrete
rubble which is placed at the outlet of a pipe to prevent scour of the soil caused by high
pipe flow velocities, and to absorb flow energy to produce non-erosive velocities.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
Wherever discharge velocities and energies at the outlets of culverts, conduits or
channels are sufficient to erode tbe next downstream reach.
• Rock outlet protection is best suited for temporary use during construction because it
is usually less expensive and easier to install than concrete aprons or energy
dissipators.
• A sediment trap below the pipe outlet is recommended if runoff is sediment laden.
• Permanent rock riprap protection should be designed and sized by the engineer as part
of tbe culvert, conduit or channel design.
• Grouted riprap should be avoided in areas of freeze and thaw because the grout will
breakup.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
Rock outlet protection is effective when the rock is sized and placed properly. When this
is accomplished, rock outlets do much to limit erosion at pipe outlets. Rock size should be
increased for high velocity flows. General recommendations for rock size and length of
outlet protection mat are presented in the additional information sheet Best results are
obtained when sound, durable, angular rock is \nt4. CaTTrans Standard Specifications or
the local municipality can provide additional specifications for constructing outlet protec-
tion devices.
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Inspect after each significant rain for erosion and/or disruption of tbe rock, and
repair
Grouted or wire-tied rock riprap can minimise maintenance requirements.
• Cost
CalTrans Cost Schedule gives regional cost ranges.
LIMITATIONS
• Large storms often wash away the rock outlet protection and leave tbe area suscep-
tible to erosion.
• Sediment captured by the rock outlet protection may be difficult to remove without
removing tbe rock.
• Outlet protection may negatively impact tbe channel
Targeted Pollutants
4 Sediment
O Nutrient*
O Toxic Materials
O Oil A Grease
O Floatable Materials
O Other Construction
Waste
9 UkitytoHavoSignificant Impact
O Probable Low or
Unknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
Q Capital Costa
O 0AM Costa
Q Maintenance
O Training
O Suitability for
Slopes >S%
High O Low
ESC40
Best1
Management
Practices'^
Construction Handbook 5-53 March, 1993
Additional Information — Outlet Protection
Outlet protection is needed where discharge velocities and energies at (he outlets of culverts, conduits or channels an
sufficient to erode the immediate downstream reach. This practice protects the inlet or outlet from developing smnll
eroded pools (plange pools), and protects »;»»"« gully erosion resulting from scouring at a culvert mouth.
Rock outlet protection is usually less expensive and easier to install than concrete aprons or energy dissipaiors. It also
serves to crap sediment and reduce flow velocities.
As with most channel design projects, depth of flow, roughness, gradient, side slopes, discharge rate and velocity should
be considered in the outlet design. Compliance to local and stare regulations should also be considered while working m
environmentally sensitive streambeds. General recommendations for rock size and length of outlet protection mat is
shown in the rock outlet protection figure. Best results are obtained when sound, durable, angular rock is used. Rock
depth and outlet protection length are governed by the discharge pipe size, but hydraulic calculations and velocities
should be used to determine length. Your local municipality or CalTrans should be consulted for appropriate sizing
criteria in your area.
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites. Flood Control District of Mariposa
County, Arizona. September 1992.
County of Sacramento Improvement Standards, Sacramento County • May 1989.
Environmental Criteria Manual. City of Austin, TX. 1989.
Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. S J. Goldman, K. Jackson. T.A. Burszrynsky. PJE., McGraw Hill Book
Company, 1986.
Handbook of Steel Drainage & Highway Construction, American Iron and Steel Institute. 1983.
Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures. Association of Bay Area Governments. Jun 198 1.
Storm water Management Water for the Puget Sound Basin. Washington State Department of Ecology. The Technical
Manual - February 1992. Publication # 91-73.
Water Qualify Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region. Volume n. Handbook of Management Practices. Tahoe
Regional Planning Agency - November 1988.
ESC40
Construction Handbook 5 - 54 March, 1993
Additional Information — Outlet Protection
FILTER FABRIC SECTION A-A
PIPE OUTLET TO FLAT AREA
WITH NO DEFINED CHANNEL
FILTER FABRIC^ SECTION B-9
PIPE OUTLET TO WELL-DEFINED CHANNEL
_a = _=>»G~- CP i.==.CN
-c = ,N3iD= ?'P = -1AME",v = i==.GN v/!C~-
i = i.==CN "-1CKNES3
2.
APRON LINING MAY SE RIPRAP,
GROUTED RIPRAP. OR CONCRETE
PIPE DIAMETER. APRON DIMENSIONS,
AND AVERAGE ROCK SIZE FOR
RIPRAP ARE BASED ON THE DESIGN
FLOW RATE AND VELOCITY. La AND
ROCK SIZE MUST BE SET TO SLOW
THE FLOW TO NON-EROSIVE
VELOCITIES (e.g.. LESS THAN 10 fps).
SEE CALTRANS AND LOCAL AGENCY
DESIGN CRITERIA FOR APPROPRIATE
SIZING CRITERIA.
d m 1.5 TIMES THE MAXIMUM ROCK
SIZE DIAMETER BUT NOT LESS THAN 6
INCHES.
PIPE OUTLET CONDITIONS
ESC40
Construction Handbook 5-55 March, 1993
BMP: CHECK DAMS Objectives
HouM*Mping Practices
Contain Mute
Uinimia Disturbed Ants
Stabilia Disturb** Ants
Control Srf •
Contra/ Inttmtl Erosion
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Small temporary dams constructed across a swale or drainage ditch. Check dams reduce
tbe velocity of concentrated stormwater flows, thereby reducing erosion of the swale or
ditch, and promoting sedimentation behind the dam. If properly anchored, brush or rock
filter berms (ESC53) may be used for check dams.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
• Used to prevent erosion by reducing the velocity of channel flow in small intermittent
channels and temporary swales.
• May also promote sedimentation H*hind the Ham, but should not be considered to be a
primary sediment trapping device N^auy subsequent storms will scour and resus-
pend much of the trapped sediment.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION OUTE3UA
• Check dams should be placed at a distance and height to allow small pools to form
between each one.
• Backwater from a downstream check dam should reach the toe of the upstream check
Ham
• Major floods (2 year storm or larger) should safely flow over the check dam without
an increase in upstream flooding or destruction of the rhrrktiam.
• Primarily used in «maii, steep channels where velocities exceed 2 fps.
• Used in steep terrain where velocity reduction is required.
• A flfffip sump may be provided immediately "i'*"^-"Ti of die <*hfi*lr <fam to capture
excessive sediment.
• Check dams may be built of rocks or logs, which are secured against damage during
significant floods.
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintena
Inspect for sediment buildup behind the check A*rn and signs of erosion around'
tbe Check <fa™ after <*a/«fr rain
Remove accumulated sediment whenever it reaches one-half the sump depth.
• Cost
See CaTTrans Cost Schedule for regional cost data.
LIMITATIONS
• Use only in small open channels which drain 10 acres of less.
• Not to be used in live streams.
• Do not trxfaiT iii lined or vegetated
Targeted Pollutants
• Sediment
O Nutrient*
O
O
O
O Ot/>«r Construction
Significant Impact
Unknown
Implementation
R*quintm«nts
Q CmpitmlCettt
O OtMCost*
Q Mminttnmnc*
O Trmining
O Suitability for
Sfop«»>5%
High Q Low
ESC41
Best
Mana
Practices
Construction Handbook 5-56 March, 1993
Additional Information — Check Dams
Check ri«ri< create small pools in swales and ditches which drain 10 acres or less. These pools reduce the velocity of
storm water flows, thus reducing erosion of the swale/ditch. Sedimentation also occurs in these small pools, but probably
results in liule net sediment removal because of the "grail detention ume and probable scour during longer storms. A
sediment crap (ESC55) may be placed immediately upstream of the check dam to increase sediment removal efficiency
(but never in a natural stream or channel). Check dams should not be placed in swales/ditches with a base flow during
some or all of the year.
InsLilHrinn/ Application Crirrri
Check item* must be sized and constructed correctly and maintained properly, or they will be cither washed out or cause-
flooding. Check ftarpg can be consouctfid of either rock or logs. Use of other naiural matenals available on-site that can.
withstand the stonnwater flow velocities is acceptable, such as pea-gravel filled in sand bags. Check dims should QCJ be.
constructed from straw bales or silt fences, since concentrated flows quickly wash out these materials.
A sediment trap (ESC55) may be installed immediately upstream of the check dam. but may be of limited effecuveness
if rh^nn^i flows are large enough to scour the trap during moderate to large storms. Maximum velocity reduction is
achieved if the toe of the upstream dam is at the same elevation as the top of the downstream dam. The center section of
the dam should be lower than the edge sections so that the check r1**" will act like a weir during major floods.
Rock check dams are usually constructed of appropriately 8"- 12" rock. The rock is placed either by hand or mechani-
cally. but never just dumped into the channel. The dam must completely span the ditch or swale to prevent washout. The
rock used must be large enough to stay in place given the expected design flow through the channel.
Log check dams are usually constructed of 4 to 6-inch diameter logs. The logs should be embedded into the soil at least
18 inches.
If grass is planted to stabilize the ditch or swale, the check dam should be removed when the grass has matured (unless
the slope of the swale is greater than 4 percent).
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Flood Control District of Mariposa
County. Arizona, September 1992.
"Draft - Sedimentation and Erosion Control. An Inventory of Current Practices", U.S£P.A, April 1990.
Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, June 1981.
Stonnwater Management Water for the Puget Sound Basin. Washington State Department of Ecology. The Technical
Manual - February 1992, Publication * 91-75.
Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region. Volume U. Handbook of Management Practices. Tahoe
Regional Planning Agency - November 1988.
ESC41
Construction Handbook 5-57 March, 1993
Additional Information — check Dams
LOGS —
DRIVEN WOODEN ?'LE3
LOG CHECK DAM
ROCK CHECK DAM
->x/^/v^^j^^^^^
ROCK CHECK DAM CROSS-SECTION
L - THE DISTANCE SUCH THAT POINTS
A 4 B ARE OF EQUAL ELEVATION
B
SPACING BETWEEN CHECK DAMS
Construction Handbook 5-58 March, 1993
BMP: SLOPE ROUGHENING/TERRACING
Objectives
Contain Waste
Minima* Disturbed ATMS
Conrro/ Sits Ptrwmfrf
Control lnt»rral Erosion
GENERAL DEFINITION
Slope roughening/terracing creates microclimates for establishing vegetation, reduces
runoff velocity, increases infiltration, and provides small depressions for trapping sedi-
ment.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
• Any cleared area prior to seeding and planting.
• Required for cleared, credible slopes steeper than 3:1 and higher than 5 feet prior to
seeding and planting.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
Slope roughening/terracing is performed in several ways:
• Stair-step grading.
• Grooving.
• Furrowing.
• Tracking.
• Rough grading.
• No grading.
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintens
- Inspect roughened slopes weekly and after rainfall for excessive erosion.
Revegetate as quickly as possible.
• Cost (source: EPA, 1992)
- Surface Roughening: Performed at no (e.g.. rough grading) tolow (e.g, track-
ing) cost.
- Terracing: Average annual cost is S4 per linear foot (2 year useful life).
LIMITATIONS
• Roughening is of limited effectiveness on its own. but is used to speed revegetation.
Targeted Pollutants
• Sediment
O Nutrients
O
O
O Ftomtihl* Umtirmls
O Other Construction
Wmst»
Slgnlllefnt Impuet
Unknown Impect
Implementation
Requirements
O
O CAM Costs
O Msintsnmnc*
O Trmining
• SuftMbUity for
Slopes >5%
High O Low
ESC42
Best
Mana
Practices
Construction Handbook 5-59 March, 1993
Additional Information — Slope Roughening/Terracing
Slope rouzhening/terracmg creates uneven depressions, steps or grooves on the soil surface to aid in establishment of
vezetanon. reduce runoff velocicy. Increase iniiltranon. and provide for sediment trapping.
Surface roughening may be applied to ail slopes steeper fh.in 3:1. and greater than 5 vertical feet, providing some instant
erosion proiecnon on bare soil while vegetative cover is being established. It is an inexpensive, simple and short-term
erosion control measure for roadway cut slopes.
Terracing usually is a more permanent measure used to stabilize a steep slope. Terraces snouid be designed by a regis-
tered professional engineer and included in the project construction plans. Local design cntena snouid be used.
Tnsta Marion/AntiHrahnn
Graded areas with smooth, hard surfaces give a false impression of "finished grading" and a job well done. It is difficult
to establish vegetation on such surfaces due to reduced water infiltration and the potential for erosion. Rough slope
surfaces with uneven soil and rocks left in place may appear unattractive or unfinished at first, but they encourage water
infiltration, speed the establishment of vegetation, and decreased runoff velocity. Rough, loose soil surfaces give lime.
fertilizer, and seed some natural coverage. Niches in the surface provide microclimates which generally provide a cooler
and more favorable moisture level '*"»" bard Oat surfaces; this aids seed germination.
There are different methods for achieving a roughened soil surface on a slope, and the selection of an appropriate method
depends upon the type of slope. Roughening methods include stair-step grading, grooving, and tracking. Factors to be
considered in choosing a method are slope steepness, mowing requirements, and whether the slope is formed by cutting
or Oiling.
1. Disturbed areas which will not require mowing may be stair-step graded, grooved, or left rough after filling.
2. Graded areas steeper fta*» 3: 1 should be stair-stepped with benches (See figure at end of fact sheet). The stair-
steping will help vegetation become attached and also trap soil eroded from the slopes above. Stair-step grading is
particularly appropriate in soils containing large amounts of soft rock. Each "step" catches material which sloughs
from above, and provides a level site where vegetation can become established. Stairs should be wide enough to
work with standard earth moving equipment.
3. Areas which will be mowed (there areas should have slopes less than 3:1) may have small furrows left by disking.
harrowing, raking, or seed-planting machinery operated on the contour.
4. It is important to avoid excessive compacting of the soil surface when scarifying. Tracking with bulldozer treads is
preferable to not roughening at all. but is not as effective as other forms of roughening, as the soil surface is severely
compacted and runoff is increased. Tracking can be accomplished in a variety of ways, including "track walking,'*
or driving a crawler tractor up and down the slope, in leaving a pattern of cleat imprints parallel to slope contours.
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Flood Control District of Maricopa
County, Arizona. September 1992.
Handbook of Steel Drainage & Highway Construction, American Iron and Steel Institute, 1933.
Proposed Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, Work
Group Working Paper. USEPA. April, 1992.
Stormwater Management Water for the Puget Sound Basin, Washington State Department of Ecology. The Technical
Manual - February 1992, Publication # 91-75.
ESC42
Construction Handbook 5 - 60 March, 1993
Additional Information — Slope Rougheningtferracing
3E3R1S FROM SLOPS A30VE —
IS CAUGHT 3Y 3TEP3
WATER. SOIL. AND FERTILIZER
ARE HELD BY STEPS - PLANTS
CAN BECOME ESTABLISHED ON
THE STEPS.
STAIR STEPPING CUT SLOPES
a
GROOVING IS CUTTING FURROWS
ALONG THE CONTOUR OF A SLOPE.
IRREGULARITIES IN THE SOIL SURFACE
CATCH RAINWATER AND PROVIDE SOME
COVERAGE OF LIME. FERTILIZER AND
SEED.GROOVING SLOPES
STAIR-STEPPING CUT SLOPES
AMD GROOVING SLOPES
ESC42
Construction Handbook 5-61 March, 1993
BMP: SILT FENCE Objectives
Housskmtping Pncticms
Contain Wist*
Minima* Disturbed Ants
Disturbed A/MS
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
A silt fence is made of a filter fabric which has been entrenched, attached to supporting
poles, and sometimes backed by a wire fence for support. The silt fence detains sediment-
laden water, promoting sedimentation behind the fence.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
• Along the perimeter of the site.
• Below the lot of a cleared slope.
• Along screams and channels.
• Around temporary spoil areas.
• Across swales with catchments less than 1 acre.
• Below other small cleared areas.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION
• Use principally in areas where sheet flow occurs.
• Install along a level contour. $0 water does not pond more than 1.5 feet at any point.
• No mote than 1 acre, 100 ft. or 0 J cfs of concentrated flow should drain to any point
along the silt fence.
• Turn ends of fence uphill
• Provide area behind me fence for runoff to pond and sediment to settle (approx. 1200
sq. ft. per acre draining to the silt fence).
• Select filter fabric which retains 85% of the soil, by weight, based on sieve analysis,
but is not finer than an equivalent opening size of 70.
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Inspect weekly and after each rainfall.
Repair wherever fence is damaged.
Remove sediment when it reaches 1/3 the height of the fence.
• Cost (source EPA, 1992)
Average annual cost tot installation ajyj mainT*'naT"'* (assumes 6 month useful
life): S7 per lineal foot (S850 per drainage acre)
LIMITATIONS
• Do not use where 85% of the soil, by weight, passes through a No. 200 sieve because
the filter fabric win clog.
• Do not place fence on a slope, or across any contour line.
• Do not use in streams, rtamtni*, or anywhere flow has concentrated.
• Do not use m kxaooos where ponded water may cause flooding.
Targeted Pollutants
0 Sediment
O Nutrient*
O Toxic Umtenmls
O O/74G/MM
O Ftomtmblm Umtermls
O Other Construction
Wmste
Significant Imp**
O Pnb*>l» Lew orUnknown Impmet
Implementation
Requirements
O Cmpital Costs
Q O^M Costa
Q Usinttnsncs
O Training
O SuhMbility for
|| % High Q Law
ESC50
Best'
Management
Practices^
Construction Handbook 5-62 March, 1993
BMP: SAND BAG BARRIER
Objectives
Housekeeping Practices
Contain Was*
Hinimia Disturbed Ants
Sttbilia Disturbed Ants
retort~
ontroi Sits Ptrimt
GENERAL DEFINITION
Stacking sand bags along a level contour creates a barrier which detains sediment-Laden
water, ponding water upstream of the barrier and promoting sedimentation.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
• Along the perimeter of the site.
• Check dams across streams and channels.
• Along streams and channels.
• Barrier for utility trenches in a channel
• Across swales with «maii catchments.
• Division Hi>g or berm.
• Below the toe of a cleared slope.
• Create a temporary sediment trap.
• Around temporary spoil areas.
• Below other small cleared areas.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
• May be used in drainage areas up to 5 acres.
• Install along a level contour.
Base of sand bag barrier should be at least 48 inches wide.
Height of sand bag barrier should be at least 18 inches high.
• 4 inchPVC pipe may be installed between the top layer of sand bags to drain large
flood flows.
• Provide area behind barrier for runoff to pood and sediment to settle, size according to
sediment trap BMP criteria (ESC5S).
• Place bejQw. the toe of a slope.
• Use sand bags large enough and sturdy enough to withstand major flooding.
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Inspect after each rain.
Reshape or replace gcd sand bogs nnmediafiery.
Remove sediment when it reaches six inches in depth.
• Cost
Sand bag barriers are more costly, but typically have a longer useful life than
other barriers.
LIMITATIONS
• Sand hag* art more expensive than other barriers, bat also more durable.
• Burlap should not be used for sandbags. _
Targeted Pollutants
• Sediment
O Nutrient*
O Toxic Mmteriels
O 0//40/MM
O Ftomtsble Uetermla
O Other Construction
W»ste
SlgnHlcmnt Infect
O Probeble Low or
Unknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
0 Cspittl Costa
O OtUCost*
O Msintensnce
O Training
Q Suitability tor
Slopes >S%
High O Low
ESC52
Best'
Management
PracticesN
Construction Handbook 5-71 March, 1993
Additional Information — Sand Bag Barrier
Suitable
Sand bag benns may be used during construction activities m strum beds and utility construe uou in channels, temporary
channel crossing for construction equipment, etc. Sand bag benns may also be installed parallel to roadway construc-
tion. Sand bag benns may also be used to create temporary sediment craps, retention hasms and m place of straw bales
or silt fences. Examples of applications include:
• Check flam* across stream channels.
• Barriers for utility trenches or omer construction in a stream channel.
• At temporary channel crossings.
• May be used on a slope where straw bales and silt fences are DOC appropriate.
• As a diversion dike.
• Embankment for a temporary sediment basin or retention basin.
• Sediment barriers near the toe of slopes.
• At construction perimeter.
Advantages
Provides a semi-permeable barrier in potentially wet areas.
More permanent than silt fences or straw bales.
Allows for easy relocation on site to meet changing needs during construction.
Trwallarinn/Application
Sand bag barriers may be used for sediment trapping in locations where silt fences and straw bale barriers are not strong
enough. In addition, sand bag barriers are appropriate to use when construction of check dams or sumps in a stream is
undesirable. The sand bag benns can provide the same function as a check dam without disturbing the stream or
vegetation. The sand bag bexm will also allow a small sediment retention area to be created prior to construcnon of final
detention basins. For installation of a sand bag berm, the following criteria should be observed:
Drainage Area - Up to five (5) acres.
• Height of Berm - 18 inches minimum height, measured from the top of the existing ground at the upslope toe to the
top of the barrier.
Width of Berm - 48 inches mintmim width measured at the bottom of the barrier, 18 inches at the top.
Sand bag Size • Length 24 to 30 inches, width 16 to 18 inches and thickness six (6) to eight (8) inches. Weight 90 to
125 pounds.
• Sand bag Material • Polypropylene, polyethylene or polyamide woven fabric, minimum unit weight four (4) ounces
per square yard, mullen burst strength exceeding 300 psi and ultraviolet stability exceeding 70 pacenL Use of
burlap is discouraged CTKT it rocs and deteriorates easily.
• Grade of Sand-Coarse sand, gravel.
Runoff water should be allowed to flow over the tops of the sand bags or through four (4) inch polyvinyl chloride
pipes embedded below the top layer of bags. "
• Area behind the sand bag barrier should be established according to sizing criteria for sediment trap BMP (ESC55).
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Flood Control District of Maricopa
County. Arizona. September 1992.
Water Quality Management Plan for the L^" Tahoe Region. Volume IL Handbook of Management
Practices, Taboe Regional Planning Agency • November 1988.
ESCS2
Construction Handbook 5 - 72 March, 1993
Additional Information — Sand Bag Barrier
4- PVC PIPE
FLOW
— 3" MIN
DIAMETER SOCK
3
•ii—sir—11;
48" MIN 48" MIN
CRQSS-SgCTIQN
WOVEN FABRIC SANDBAG FILLED WITH
COARSE SANO-MIN WEIGHT 40 LBS.
•4" PVC PIPE FOR DRAINAGE
DEPENDING ON FIELD CONDITIONS
24" MIN
FRONT
SAND feAG BERM
ESCS2
Coostrnction Handbook 5-73 March, 1993
BMP: BRUSH OR ROCK FILTER Objectives
House/reeping Pncticts
Contain Wu*
Uinimia Disturbed Ants
Stabilia Disturbed Ana
GENERAL DEFINITION
A rock filter benn is made of rock 3/4 to 3 inches in diameter and placed along a level
contour where sheet flow may be detained and ponded, promoting sedimentation. A brash
barrier is composed of brush (usually obtained during the site clearing) wrapped in filler
cloth and anchored to the toe of the slope. If properly anchored brush or rock fillers may be
used for sediment trapping and velocity reduction. See Check Dam BMP (ESC41) for
more information.
SUTTABLE APPLICATIONS
As check dams across mildly sloped construction roads.
• Below the toe of slopes.
• Along the site perimeter.
• Along streams and channels.
• Around temporary spoil areas.
• Below other «n*»n cleared areas.
• At sediment traps at culven/pipe outlets.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
• Use principally in areas where sheet or rifl flow occurs.
• For rock filter, use larger rode and place in a staked, woven wire shrarhmg if placed
where concentrated flows occur.
• Install along a level contour.
• Leave area behind benn where runoff can pond and sediment can scale.
• Drainage area should not exceed 51
Targeted Pollutants
0 S+dimtnt
O Nutrients
O Toxic Ufttrimls
O 0/YAGruM
O f iomubl* Material*
O Other Construction
Wmstm
SVgrWflcwfJrnpcct
O Prottttih Law or
Unknown Impmct
Implementation
Requirements
Q
O Muiirttnmnc*
O Trmining
Q Suitability for
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Inspect monthly and after each rainfall
Tf >v»rm A
Cost
Remove sediments wnen depch readies 1/3 of benn height or 1 ft
Brush filter: Low to moderate cost if debris from on-site clearing and grubbing is
used.
Rock filter Expensive, since off-site materials, hand construction and demolition/
removal are nsuaQy required.
High Q Low
ESC53
Best
Mana
Practices
Construction Handbook 5-74 March, 1993
BMP: BRUSH OR ROCK FILTER (Continue)
LIMITATIONS
• Rode br""* may be difficult to remove.
• Removal problems limit fty-ir usefulness in Landscaped areas.
• Not appropriate for drainage areas greater than 5 acres.
• Runoff will pond upstream of the filter, possibly causing flooding if sufficient space does noi
ESCS3
Construction tuodbooic 5-75 March, 1993
Additional Information — Brush or Rock Riter
Rock Filtgr
A rock filter consists of open graded rode installed ai the toe of a slope, along the perimeter of a developing or disturbed
area, and as a checkdam across construction roads. Their purpose is to intercept sediment laden runoff from di**mi**'j
areas of the site, allow the runoff to pood, promote sedimentation behind the filter, and slowly release the water as sheet
flow.
Rock filters are appropriate where a temporary measure is needed to prevent sediments from entering right-of-ways of
traffic areas such as near the toe of slopes, incorporated into temporary stahilizftri construction entrances (ESC 26), or at
other locations along the construction site perimeter. Rock filters may also be used as check dams across one or more
lanes of construction traffic temporary roads, or unsuriaced rights of way subject to construction traffic.
Advantages of the rock filters are that they may be less costly than other temporary barriers, and are relatively efficient at
sediment removal.
Planning:
• Rock filters should be placed along a level contour to intercept sheet flow.
• Allow ample room for ponding, sedimentation, and access by sediment removal equipment between the beiui and
the toes of slopes.
• Flow through the filter should occur as sheet flow into an undisturbed or srabilirrrl area.
• Installation in stream beds requires large rock, staking of woven wire sheathing, and daily inspection.
Design & Sizing Criteria:
Toe following design criteria are commonly used to construct filters:
• In Non-Traffic Areas:
Maximum flow-through rate per square foot of filter * 60 gpm
- Height • 18 hlChCS
Top Width * 24 inches mfnmurn
Side slopes » 2:1 or flatter
Woven wire sheathing (poultry netting) is recommended in areas of concentrated flow. The wire should be 1
inch diameter hexagonal "«*«*«. galvanized 20 gauge.
Build the filter along on a level contour.
- Rock: 3/4 to 3 hKies open graded for sheet flow, 3 to 5 inches op« graded for concentrated flow.
In Construction Traffic Areas:
Height • 12"
Provide multiple filters in series, spaced as shown.
Every 300 ft on slopes less than 5 percent
Every 200 ft on slopes 5 to 10 percent
Every 100 ft on slopes greater than 10 percent.
Rrmh
Brush filters trap and filter sediments in a nmtm^r ymiiar to odier barrio in this handbook (e.g, silt fence, straw bale
barrier, rock filter), but have the advantage of being constructed from brash cleared from the site and usually disposed
off-site at a cost.
ESCS3
Construction Handbook 5 - 76 March, 1993
Additional Information — Brush or Rock Filter
Steps in Constnjcrioa of a Brush Filler.
1. Sryk- the brash at die toe of a slope or along the perimeter of the site just outside the limits of clearing and grabbmg.
The brush may be siarkrd up to 15 ft. high and 15 ft. wide.
2. Construct a trench I to 3 ft. deep Trrn*^3"*^ upslope from the brush.
3. Pla:e niter fabric over the brash filter and in the trench, extending I to 2 ft. upslope of the omen.
4. Backfill the trench with aggregate or cr'trip*"^ soil. The trench should be deep enough and backfill material
sufficient to hold the bamcr in plars during a storm.
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Hood Control District of Mancopa
County, Arizona. September 1992.
Handbook of Steel Drainage & Highway Construction. American Iron and Steel Institute, 1983.
Storm water Management Water for the Puget Sound Ba-<i«, Washington State Department of Ecology, The Technical
Manual - February 1992. Publication * 91-75.
Storm Water Pollution Plan Handbook. First Edition. State of California. Department of Transportation Division of New
Technology. Materials and Research. October 1992.
ESC53
Contraction Handbook 5 - 77 March, 1993
Additional Information — Brush or Rock rater
3/4- - 3"
CR'JSHEI =CCK
FLOW
— '.=' FOR NON TRAFFIC AREAS
\;.C' FOR TRAFFIC AREAS
>>>^^
SECTION
3/4" - 3"
CRUSHED ROCK
GRAVEL BERM
- TRAFFIC AREAS
PLAN
GRAVEL FILTER BERM
ESCS3
Coostructioa Handbook 5-78 March, 1993
BMP: STORM DRAIN INLET PROTECTION Objectives
cts
ContunWisti
Minima* Disturbed Ants
Stibiiia Disturbed Arms
ofitroi Sit* Perij «
/ Inttml Erosion
GENERAL DEFECTION
Devices of various designs which figrain sediment-laden runoff and allow the sediment it to
settle prior to discharge into a stonn drain inlet or catch basin.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
• Every storm drain inlet receiving sediment-laden runoff should be protected, either by
covering the inlet or promoting sedimentation upstream of the inlet.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION
• Five types of inlet protection are presented below, however, it is recognized that other
effective methods and proprietary device, exist and may be selected:
Filter Fabric Fence: Appropriate for drainage basins kss than one acre with less
than a 3 percent slope.
Block and Gravel Filter Appropriate for flows greater than 0.5 cfs.
Gravel and Wire Mesh Filter Used on curt or drop inlets where construction
equipment may drive over the inlet.
Sand bag barrier Used to create a small sediment trap upstream of inlets on
sloped, paved streets.
Excavated Drop Inlet Sediment Trap: An excavated area around the inlet to trap
sediment (see Sediment Trap ESC 55).
• Select the appropriate type of inlet protection and design as referred to or as described
in this fact sheet.
• Use only for drainage areas smaller than one acre unless a sediment trap first intercepts
the runoff.
• Provide area around toe inlet for water to pood without flooding structures and
property.
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Inspect weekly and after each rain.
Replace clogged filter fabric or stone filters immediately.
Remove sediment when depth exceeds half the height of the filter, or half the
depth of the «yftrf«'»n trap.
Remove as soon as upstream soils are y^hiijwt and streets are swept.
• Cost (source: EPA, 1992)
Average annual cost for mstallatioo and maintenance (I year useful life) is S150
per inlet.
Targeted Pollutants
• S«d/rn*nf
O Nutrients
O Toxic Msfvruris
O OiUQnma*
O FlomtMblt Mstsria/s
O Other Construction
Wmsti
S/0n/flcwir impact
Unknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
Q Cfpitml Costs
O 0AM Costs
O Trmining
O Suitability tor
Sfope*>5%
High O Low
ESC54
Best'
Management
PractlcesN
Construction Handbook 5-79 March. 1993
BMP: STORII DRAIN INLET PROTECTION (Continue)
LIMITATIONS
• Drainage area should not exceed 1 acre.
• Runoff will bypass protected ml*-** on slopes.
• Ponding will occur at a procecxed inlet, with possible soon-cerm flooding.
• Straw bales are aai effective for inlet protecuon.
ESCS4
Construction Handbook 5-80 March, 1993
Additional Information — Storm Drain Intet Protection
S torm drain ink t protection consists of a sediment filter or an impounding area around or upsoom of a storm drain, drop ink t.
or curb inlet. This erosion and sedimentation control BNtP prevents excessive sediment from entenng storm drainage systems
prior to permanent stabilization of me disturbed area.
All on-sita storm drain inlets should be protected. Off-site, inlets should be protected in areas where coostnicnon acavity
tracks sediment onto paved areas or where inlets receive runoff from disturbed areas.
TruTallarinn/Anlirnrinn Criteria
Planning
Large amounts of sediment may enter the storm drain system when storm drains are installed before the upsiope drainage area
is stabilized, or where construction is adjacent to an existing storm drain. In cases of extreme sediment loading, me storm drain
itself may clog and lose a major portion of its capacity. To avoid these problems, it is necessary to prevent sediment trom
entering (be system at the inlets.
Inlet control measures presented in thfc handbook should not be used for inlets draining more than one acre. Runoff from larger
disturbed areas should be first routed through a Temporary Sediment Trap (see ESC 56). Different types of inlet protection
are appropriate for different applications depending on site conditions and the type of inlet. Inlet protection methods not
presented in this handbook should be approved by the local storm water management agency.
General Design and sizing criteria:
• Grates and spaces around all inlets should be sealed to prevent seepage of sediment-laden water.
• Excavate sediment sumps (where needed)! to 2 feet with 2:1 side slopes around the inlet.
Installation procedures for filter fabrk fence:
a. Place 2 inch by 2 inch «"y*^ yaVf5 around the pf riaif trr of ti«e "*>** a ^aTimum nf •* feet apart and drive them at least
8 inches into the ground. The stakes must be at least 3 feet long.
b. Excavate a trench approximately 8 inches wide and 12 inches deep around the outside perimeter of the stakes.
c. S taple the filter fabric (for ™*n-r,o]i and specifications, see Silt Fence ESC 50) to wooden stakes so that 32 inches of the
fabric extends out and can be formed into me trench. Use heavy-duty wire staples at least one inch m length.
d. Backfill the trench with 3/4 inch or less washed gravel all the way around.
Installation procedure for block and gravel filter
a. Place hardware cloth or comparable wire mesb with one-half inch openings over the drop inlet so that the wire extends
a minimum of I foot beyond each side of me inlet structure. If more than one strip is necessary, overlap the strips. Place
filter fabric over the wire mesh.
b. Place concrete blocks lengthwise on their sides in a single row around the perimeter of the mlec so that the open ends
face outward, not upward. The ends of adjacent blocks should abut The height of the barrier can be varied, depending
on design needs, by stacking combinations of blocks that are 4 inches, 8 inches, and 12 inches wide. The row of blocks
should be at least 12 inches but no greater than 24 inches high.
c. Place wire mesh over the outside vertical face (open end) of the concrete blocks to prevent stone from being washed
through the blocks. Use hardware cloth or comparable wire mesh with one half inch openings.
d. Pile washed stone against the wire mesh to the top of the blocks. Use 3/4 to 3 inch gravel
Installation procedure for gravel and wire mesh filters:
a. Place wire mesh over the drop inlet so *af the wire extends a T»mitnmn of 1 foot beyond each side of the inlet structure.
Use hardware dom or comparable wire mesh with one-half inch openings. If more man one strip of mesh is necessary
overlap the strips. Place filter fabric over wire mesh.
ESC54
Construction Handbook 5 • 81 March, 1993
Additional Information — Storm Drain Inlet Protection
b. Plaa 3/4 to 3 inch gravel over the filter fabric/wire mesh. The depth of the gravel should be ai least 12 inches over the
enure inlet opening (see arryhrd figure).
Installation procedure for sand bag barrier:
a. Use sand bag rn^ir of geotexulc fabnc (not burlap), and fill with 3/4 in. rock or 1/4 in. pea graveL
b. Construct on gently sloping street.
c. Leave room upstream of barrier for water to pond and sediment to settle.
d. Place several layers of sand bags—overlapping the bags and parking them tightly together.
e. Leave gap of one bag on the top row to serve as a spillway. Flow from a severe storm (e.g.. 10-year storm) should
not overtop the curb.
• For filter fabric fences: Inspections should be marl* on a regular basis, especially after large storm events. If the
fabric becomes dogged, it should be replaced. Sediment should be removed when it reaches approximately one-half
the height of the fence. If a sump is used, sediment should be removed when it fills approximately one-half the
depth of the bole.
• For gravel filters: If the gravel becomes dogged with sediment it must be carefully removed from the inlet, and
either cleaned or replaced. Since cleaning gravel at a construction site may be difficult, use the sediment-laden
stone instead as fill and put fresh stone around me inlet.
• The inlet protection should be removed 30 days after the upslope area has been fully stabilized. Any sediment
around the inlet must be carefully removed and disposed.
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites. Flood Control District of Maricopa
County, Arizona, September 1992.
"Draft • Sedimentation and Erosion Control. An Inventory of Current Practices", U.S£J>.A^ April. 1990.
Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. S J. Goldman, K. Jackson, T.A. Bursecynsky, PJE., McGraw Hill Book
Company.
Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures. Association of Bay Area Governments. June 1981.
Proposed Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters. Work
Group Working Paper, USEPA. April. 1992.
Storm water Management Water for the Puget Sound Basis. Washington State Department of Ecology, Toe Technical
Manual - February 1992. Publication * 91-75.
Storm Water Pollution Prevention Handbook. Fust Edition. State of California. Derailment of Transportation Division
of New Technology, Materials, and Research. October 1992.
ESC54
Construction Handbook 5 - 82 March, 1993
Additional Information — Storm Drain Inlet Protection
•STAKES
•ZS.ZS NL
nun
ELEVATION
STAKES-
FILTER FABRIC
SEDIMENT LADEN
IPJ
•FILTER FABRIC
WASHED GRAVEL
DROP INLET
*vcvi
/
, --.
BURIED FILTER FABRIC-
PRQFiLE
FILTER FABRIC FFNCF DROP INLET FILTER
ESCS4
Coostmction Handbook 5-83 March, 1993
GRAVEL FILTER
(3/4- TO 3" GRAVEL)
WIRE MESH WITH
t/2" OPENINGS
FILTERED WATER
SEDIMENT
CONCRETE GUT CURB INLET
GRAVEL AND WIRE MESH FILTER FOR CURB INLET
ESC54
Construction Handbook 5-84 March, 1993
Additional Information — Storm Drain Intet Protection
STORAGE VOLUME-3SOO OJ.FT. PERDISTURBED DRAINAGE.
•SEDIMENT-LADEN RUNOFF
AS'r-DEPTH 8ELQW TOP OF INLETi
\ MIN r - MAX 2*
WEEP HOLES
FOR
OEWATERINO
LARGER PARTICLES
SETTLE OUT
STORM WATER
LARGER PARTICLES
REMOVED
DROP INLET
SPECIFIC APPLICATION
THIS METHOD OF INLET PROTECTION IS APPLICABLE WHERE HEAVY FLOWS
ARE EXPECTED AND WHERE AN OVERFLOW CAPABILITY AND EASE OF
MAINTENANCE ARE DESIRABLE.
EXCAVATED DROP IKLET SEDIMENT TRAP
ESCS4
Construction Handbook 5-85 March, 1993
Additional Information — Storm Drain Inlet Protection
.— WIRE MESH Wi"'rl ]/Z~ OPENINGS
— CONCRETE 5LCCK
'—GRAVEL FILTER
(3/4" TO 3" GRAVEL)
WIRE MESH
OVERFLOW
RUNOFF WATER
WITH SEDIME
DROP INLET WITH GRATE
ILTERED WATER
BLQCKAND GRAVEL FILTER AT DROP INLET
RUNOFF WATER
WITH SEDIMENT
3/4" TO 3" GRAVEL
(12" WIN DEPTH)
WIRE MESH U/2"
OPENINGS) WITH
FILTER FABRIC
ON TOP
SEDIMENT
ALTERED WATER
GRAVEL AND WIRE MESH FILTER
FOR DROP INLET
ESC54
Construction Handbook 5-86 March, 1993
tits** I
BMP: SEDIMENT TRAP
Objectives
cta
Contain Wtst*
Uinimia Disturbed Anus
Stabtiia Distorted Ants
Protect Slop**/Cb*nn*s
Control Sit* PcrinMtor
Control Inttrrul Erosion
GENERAL DEFINTnON
A sediment trap is a «maii_ excavated or bermed area where runoff from small drainage areas
is detained and sediment can settle.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
Any disturbed area less than 5 acres. (Sediment Basins. ESC56, must be used for
drainage areas greater than 5 acres).
• Along (be perimeter of the site at locations where sediment-laden runoff is discharged
off-site.
• Around and/or upslope from storm drain inlet protection measures.
• At any point within the site where sediment-laden runoff can enter stabilized or
natural areas or waterways.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA
• Build outside me area to be graded before clearing, grubbing, and grading begin.
• Locate where the trap can be easily cleared of sediment.
• Trap size depends on the type of soil, size of the drainage area, and desired sediment
removal efficiency.
• The larger me trap, the less frequently sediment must be removed.
• The oudet of the trap must be «tahiiiT>iri with rode, vegetation, or another suitable
material
• A stable emergency spillway must be installed to safely convey major floods (see
your local flood control agency).
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Remove sediment when the sediment storage zone, is no more than 1 ft from
being full.
Inspect weekly and after each rain.
• Cost (source: EPA. 1992)
Average annual cost per installation and maintenance (18 month useful life) is
S0.70 per ft.3(SI300 per drainage acre).
LIMITATIONS
• Only use for drainage areas up to 5 acres (see Sedimentation Basin BMP ST8 for
larger areas).
• Only removes coarse sediment (nwti»m silt size and larger) unless sized like a
sedimentation basin.
Targeted Pollutants
£ Stdiment
O NutrMfttt
Q Toxic Umttrisla
O O//AC/MM
O Flomt»bl« Miter*/*
O Other Construction
Wmatt
Significant Imp**
(/nJcnown Mtp^ct
Implementation
Requirements
O CipfalCostM
O OAUCost*
O M*int»nmne»
O Training
O Surtmbility for
Stop«*>5K
High O Low
ESC 55
Management
Practices^
Construction Handbook 5-87 March. 1993
Additional Information — Sediment Trap
A sediment nap is a qnaii temporary ponding area, usually with a gravel outlet, formed by excavation and/or by conscruomg
an earthen embankment. Its purpose is to collect and store sediment from sices cleared and/or graded during construction. It
is intended for use on qnaii drainage areas, witn no unusual drainage features, and projected for a quick build-out ome. It
should help in removing coarse sediment from runoff. The crap is a temporary measure witn a design life of approximately
6 months, and is to be mrnmain«vi anal the site area is permanently protected against erosion by vegetation and/or structures.
Arrriligition ("rr
Planning:
Sediment traps should be used only for small drainage areas. If the contributing drainage area is greater than 5 acres, refer
to Sediment Basins (STS). or subdivide the catchment area into ^nailer drainage basins.
Sediment usually must be removed from the trap after each rainfall event. The SWPPP should detail how this sediment is to
be disposed of. such as for in fill areas on-site, or removal to an approved off-site dump. Sediment traps used as a perimeter
control should be installed before any land disturbance takes place in the drainage area.
Sediment traps are usually small enough that a failure of the structure would not result in a loss of life, damage to home or
buildings, or interruption in the use of public roads or utilities. .Also, sediment traps are attractive to children and can be
dangerous. The following recommendadons should be implemented to reduce risks.
1. Install continuous fencing around the sediment trap or pond. Consult local ordinances
regarding requirements for maintaining health and safety.
2. Restrict basin side slopes to 3:1 or flatter.
Design:
Sediment trap size depends on the type of soil, size of the drainage area, and desired sediment removal efficiency (see
Sedimentation Basin ESC56). As a rule of thumb, the larger the basin volume the greater the sediment removal efficiency.
Sizing criteria are typically established under the local grading ordinance or equivalent. The runoff volume from a two-year.
24-hour storm is a common design criteria for sedimentation trap. The sizing criteria below assume that (his runoff volume
is 0.042 ac-ft/ac (0.5 inches of runoff). While the climatic, topographic, and soil type extremes make it difficult to establish
a statewide standard, the following criteria should trap moderate to high amounts of sediment in most areas of California.
• Trap sealing volume at least 67 cu. yd. per acre.
• Trap sediment storage volume at least 33 cu. yd. per acre (note: the larger this volume, the less frequently the trap
must be cleaned out).
• Trap length greater than twice the basin width.
• Flood volume large enough to contain a major flood without upstream damage and overtopping the embankment.
Installation
Sediment naps can be constructed by excavating a depression in the ground or creating an impoundment with a barrier or low-
head dam. Sediment traps should be installed outside the area being graded and should be built prior to the startof me grading
activities or removal of vegetation. To minimize the area disturbed by them, sediment traps should be installed in natural
depressions or in small swales or drainageways. The following steps must be followed during installation.
1. The area under the embankment must be cleared, grubbed, and stripped of any vegetation and root mac The pool
area should be cleared.
2. The fin material for the embankment must be free of roots or other woody vegetation as well as oversized stones, rocks,
organic material, or other objectionable manual The embankment may be compacted by traversing with eqiiinnent
while it is being constructed.
ESCS5
Construction Handbook 5 • 88 March, 1993
Additional Information — Sediment Trap
3. The trap is removed and the area <x*M\Tfti when the upslope drainage area has been properly stabilized
4. All cut-and-fill slopes should be 3:1 or flatter.
5. When a riser is used, all pipe joints must be watertight.
6. When ariser is used, at least the top two-thirds of die riser shall be perforated with U--inch rtiampgr boles spaced 3 mct>es
vertically and 10 to 12 inches horizontally. (See Sediment Basin. ESC56)
7. When an earth or stone outlet is used, the oudetcrest elevation should be at least 1 foot below the cop of the embankment.
8. When a crushed stone outlet is used, the crushed stone used in the outlet should meet AASHTO M43. sue No. 2 or 24,
or its equivalent such as MSHA No. 2. Gravel meeting the above gradation may be used if crushed stone is not available.
REFERENCES
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Flood Control District of Mancopa
County, Rough Draft - July 1992.
"Draft - Sedimentation and Erosion Control. An Inventory of Current Practices'". U.S£P.A^ April. 1990.
"Environmental Criteria Manual**. City of Austin. Texas.
Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments. June 1981.
Proposed Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, Work Group
Working Paper, USEPA. April. 1992.
Stormwater Management Water for tbe Puget Sound Basin. Washington State Department of Ecology, The Technical
Manual • February 1992, Publication * 91-75.
Water Quality Management Plan for the Lql"? Taboe Region, Volume J3, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe
Regional Planning Agency - November 1988.
ESCS5
Construction Handbook 5 - 89 March, 1993
BMP: SEDIMENT BASIN Objectives
Housekeeping Pncticas
Contain Watt
Hinimat Disturbed Ants
StMbsiia Disturbed Arms
Protect Siopes/Oimnneis
Contra/ Site Perimeter
_ Contml Interrmi Erosion^
GENERAL DEFINITION
A pood created, by excavation or constructing an embankment, and designed to retain or detain
runoff sufficiently to allow excessive sediment to settle.
SUITABLE APPLICATIONS
At tbe outlet of all disturbed watershed 10 acres of larger.
• At tbe outlet of smaller disturbed watersheds, as necessary.
• Where post construction detention basins will be located.
• Should be used in association with dikes, temporary channels, and pipes used to divert
disturbed areas into the basin and undisturbed areas around the basin.
INSTALLATION/APPLICATION
• Construct before clearing and grading work begins.
• Do not locate in a stream.
All basin sites should be located where failure of the embankment would not cause loss
of life/property damage.
• Large basins are subject to state/local dam safety requirements.
• Securely anchor and install an ano'-seep collar on tbe outlet pipe/riser, and provide an
emergency spillway for passing major floods (see local flood control agency).
• The basin volume should be sized to capture runoff from a 2-year. 24-hour storm, or other
appropriate design storms specified by the local agency. A de tendon time of 24 to 40 hours
should allow 70 to 80 percent of sediment to settle.
• The basin volume consists of two zones:
A sediment storage zone at least 1 foot deep.
A settling zone at least 2 feet deep.
• The length to sealing depth ratio (USD) should be less than 200.
• The length to width ratio should be greater than 6:1. or baffles are required to preventshonj
circuiting.
REQUIREMENTS
• Maintenance
Inspect weekly and after each rain.
Remove sediment where the sednnent storage zone is half full.
• Cose Average annual cost for installation and maintenance (2 year useful life,
source: EPA. 1992)
Basin less man 50.000 ft.3; S0.40 per ft.3 (S700 per drainage acre)
Basin size greater than 50,000 ft3: SO20 per ft.* (S3 50 per drainageacre)
Targeted Pollutants
• Sediment
O Nutrient*
O Toxic Materials
O Oil* Gnat*
O Floatable Materials
O Other Construction
Waste
UketytoHeveSignificant Impact
Pnbeaie Lower
Unknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
O Capital Costs
Q OlM Costs
O Maintenance
O Trmining
O Suitability for
Slopes >S%
High O Low
ESC56
Best'
Management
Practices'*
Construction Handbook 5-90 March, 1993
BMP: SEDIMENT BASIN (Continue)
j have shallow side slopes (minimum 4:1) or be fenced to prevent drowning^
Stes with very fine sediments (fine sill and day) may require longer detention times for ef
Basins in excess of 25 feet height and/or an impounding capaary of 50 ac. ft. must obtain
Safety of Dams.
Standing water may cause mosquiios or other pests to breed. ,frv»««m«;nn\
Basins £ excess of cernm depm and storage volume cntma must meet Scale Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD>
and local safety requirements.
ESCS6
Construction Handbook 5-91 March, 1993
Additional Information — Sediment Basin
A sediment basin is a controlled storm water release structure formed by excavation or by consoruoing an embankment of
compacted soil across a drainageway, or other suitable location. Its purpose is CD collect and store sediment from sites cleared
and/or graded during construction or for extended periods of time before rrrsrahlishment of permanent vegetation and/or
construction of permanent drainage structures. It is intended to trap sediment before it leaves the construction site. Toe hasm
is a temporary measure (with a design life of 12 to 18 months) and is to be maintained unol the site area is permanently
protected against erosion or a permanent detention basin is constructed.
Sedimentation basins are suitable for nearly all types of construcuon projects. Whenever possible, construct the sedunen-
tation basins before clearing and grading work begins.
Basins should be located at the stonnwaier outlet from the site, but not in any natural or undisturbed stream. A typical
application would include temporary dikes, pipes, and/or channels to divert runoff to the basin inlet.
Many development projects in California will be required by local ordinances to provide a storm water detention basin for
post-construction flood control, desiltation, or storm water pollution control A temporary sediment basin may be constructed
by rough grading the post-construction control basins early in the project.
Sediment basins trap 70-80 percent of the sediment which flows into them if designed according to this handbook. Therefore,
they should be used in conjunction with erosion control practices such as temporary seeding, mulching, diversion dikes, etc.,
to reduce the amount of sediment flowing into the basin.
Installation/Aonlication f ritcria
Planning-
To improve the effectiveness of the basin, it should be located to intercept runoff from the largest possible amount of disturbed
area. The best locations are generally low areas below disturbed areas. Drainage into the basin can be improved by the use
of diversion dikes and ditches. The basin must not be ICT*'*** in a stream but should be located to crap sediment-laden runoff
before it enters the stream. The basin should not be located where its failure would result in the loss of life or interruption
of the use or service of public utilities or roads.
Design:
The sedimentation basin volume consists of two zones:
The sediment storage zone (at least 1 foot in depth).
A settling zone at least 2 feet in depth.
• The sedimentation basin may be formed by partial excavation and/or by construction of a compacted embankment.
It may have one or more inflow points.
• Asecurelyanchciredriserpipewirnananti-seepcollarisrnepru^
A solid riser pipe with two 1-inch diameter dewatering boles located at the top of the sediment storage volume on opposite
sides of the riser pipe usually provides sufficient detention ""»* for basins draining about 10 acres. Rock, rip-rap, or other
suitable outlet protection is provided to reduce erosion at the riser pipe outlet.
• Sealing Zone Volume
ESCS6
Construction Handbook 5 - 92 March, 1993
Additional Information — Sediment Basin
The sealing zone volume is determined by the following equation:
<V) = i.2(SD)Q / VSED
SD
design inflow based on die peak discharge crotn a specified design stem (e.g.. a 2-year. 24-bour
duration design storm event) from ibe tributary drainage area as computed usmg me methods
required by the local flood control agency. Provide a tntnimmn of 67 cubic yards of sealing
volume per acre of drainage if a design storm is not specified.
tbe sealing velocity of me design soil panicle. The design panicle chosen is medium silt(0.02 mm).
This has a settling velocity (Vjgjj) of 0.00096 ft/sec. As a general rule it will not be necessary
to design for a panicle of size less than 0.02 ""*», especially since the surface area requirement
increases dramatically for smaller panicle sizes. For example, a design panicle of 0.0 1 mm
requires about three times the surface area of 0.02 mm. Note also that choosing Vggjj of 0.00096
ft/sec equates to a surface area (S A) of 1220 sq. ft. per cfs of inflow.
sealing depth, which should be at least 2 ft, and no shallower than the average distance from the
inlet to the outlet of the pood (L) divided by 200 Cue.. SD > L/200).
Total sediment basin volume and dimension are determined as outlined below:
a. The details shown in the attached figure may be useful in designing the sediment basin.
b. Determine basin geometry for the sediment storage volume calculated above using a minimum of I ft depth and 3: 1 side
slopes from the bottom of the basin. Note, the basin bottom is level.
c. Extend the basin side slopes (at 3:1 max.) as necessary to obtain the sealing zone volume as determined above.
d. Adjust the geometry of the basin to effectively combine the sealing zone volume and sediment storage volumes while
preserving the depth and side slope criteria. ,
e. Provide an emergency spillway with a crest elevation one foot above the top of the riser pipe.
f . The ratio between the basin length and width of the pood should either be greater than 6: 1 , or baffles should
be installed to prevent short-circuiting.
Sediment traps and ponds must be installed only within the property limits. Failure of the structure must not result in loss of
life, damage to homes or buildings, or interruption of use or service of public roads or utilities. Also, sediment traps and poods
are attractive to children and can be very dangerous. Local ordinances regarding health and safety must be adhered to. If
fencing of the pood is required, the type of fence and its location shall be shown in the SWPPP and in the construction
specifications.
• Generally, temporary sedimentation poods are i'""itart to drainage of 5 acres or more.
• Sediment poods may be capable of trapping smaller sediment panicles if additional detention time is provided.
However, they are most effective when used in conjunction with other BMPs such as seeding or mulching.
• Ponds may become an "attractive nuisance" and care must be taken to adhere to all safety practices.
• Sediment poods designed according to this handbook are only practically effective in removing sediment
down to about the medium silt size fraction. Sediment-laden runoff with smaller size fractions (fine silt and
clay) will pass through untreated gmpha^Trng me oeed to stabilize the soil quickly.
ESC56
Construction Handbook 5.93 March, 1993
Additional Information — Sediment Basin
REFERENCES
A Current Assessment of Urban Best Management Practices: Techniques for Reducing Noopouu Source Pollution in cbe
Coastal Zones, Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments. March. 1992.
Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construcnon Sites, Flood Control District of Mancopa
County, Rough Draft - July 1992.
Draft - Sedimentahon and Erosion Control. An Inventory of Current Practices. U.S.EJ'.A.. ApnL 1990.
Environmental Criteria ManuaL City of Austin. Texas.
Guidlines for the Design and Construcnon of Small Embankment Dams. Division of Safety of Dams. California Depart-
ment of Water Resources, March 1986.
Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments. Jun 1981.
Proposed Guidance Specifying Mnangemeot Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Water. Work Group
Working Paper, USEPA. April. 1992.
Stormwater Management Water for toe Puget Sound Basin, Washington State Department of Ecology. Toe Technical
Manual - February 1992. Publication * 91-75.
Water Quality Management Plan for the Lafrf Tahoe Region. Volume H. Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe
Regional Planning Agency • November 1988.
ESCS6
Construction Handbook 5-94 March, 1993
Additional Information — Sediment Basin
OCTVKTON nd 24 TO «0 HOURSrrwuoc
•TUT
TIME 2*10*0 HOURSSEDEMENT STORAGE VOLUME: 67 CU. YD. PER ACRE
TEMPORARY SEDIMENT BASIN
ESCS6
Coastnctkm Ebadbook 5-95 March, 1993
10/29/99 08:55 STORM WATER -» 760 439 2S66 NO.676 P002/002
Winston H. Hlcko*
Secretaryfor
Environmental
Protection
State Water Resources Control Board
Division of Water Quality
901 P Struct > SutrainenlQ. Caliiomia 95814 • (916) 657-090.1
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 1977' Siimuncnto. California • 9581M 977
FA.X (916) 657-1011 • Internet Address: httpl//www.swrtfb,c«.gov
Gray Davis
Governor
October 28,1999
CHRISTOPHER CALKINS
CB RANCH ENTERPRISES
5600 AVENIDA ENCINAS STE 100
CARLSBAD. CA 92008
RECEIPT OF YOUR NOTICE OF INTENT
The State Water Resources Control Board (Stale Waer Baud) has reaervtd aad processed your NOTICE OF
INTENT TO COMPLY WITH THE TERMS Of THE GENERAL PERMIT TO DISCHARGE STORM
WATER ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY According)). \ou an required to comply
with the permit requirements.
Your WD!D identification number is: 9 ?7S? 11973. Please use this number m aa? future communications
regarding this permit.
SITE DESCRIPTION
OWNER: CB RANCH ENTERPRISES
DEVELOPER: CB RANCH ENTERPRISES
COUNTY: SAN DIEGO
SITE ADDRESS: PASEO DEL NORTE PALOMAR MRPOK
CARUSBAD. CA 92008
COMMENCEMENT DATE.
EST. COMPLETION DATE:
When construction is complete or ownership has been transferred. tfadufflcfs arc required to notify the
Regional Water Board by submitting a Notice of Termination (NOT) All State aod local requirements must
be met in accordance with Special Prottaoo No. 7 of the General Psrml I ha%c eadosed a NOT for your
future use. If you do not notify the Stae Water Board that consuuctwo vxhin has been completed >ou
continue to be invoked for the aooaal fee each October
If you have any qucsuoos.regaiding permit requirements, please cooiaci >our Regwel Water Board at
(619)467-2952.
Sincerely.
fl.-
Audrey Shimizu
Slonn Water Unit
Division of Water Quality
Enclosure
California EnviranmeninLProtectinn Awcnc*
Attachment 2
Slau Waltf RMOUTCM Control Board
NOTICE OF INTENT
TO COMPLY WITH THE TERMS OF THE
GENERAL PERMIT TO DISCHARGE STORM WATER .
ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY (WQ ORDER No. 99-08-DWQ)
I. NOl STATUS (SEE INSTRUCTIONS)
11 MARK ONLY ONE ITEM 1.X 3 New Construction 2.D Change of Information for WDID#
"~ II. PROPERTY OWNER
Nan*
1 CB Ranch Enterprises.
Mailing Address
5600 Avenida Encinas, Suite 100
City
Carlsbad
Contact Person
Christopher Calkins
Tide
President
Stale
CA
a?
92008
Phone
(760 43t--S6nn
III. DEVELOPER/CONTRACTOR INFORMATION
Developer/Contractor
CB Ranch Enterprises
Mailing Address
5600 Avenida Encinas_, Suite 100
City
Carlsbad
Contact Person
'hristopher Calkins
Title
President
State
CA
2p
92008
Phone
(760) 431 - 5600
IV. CONSTRUCTION PROJECT INFORMATION
Site/Project Name
Armstronq Garden Center
Physical Address/Location
Paseo -'del Norte & Palomar Airport
City (or nearest City)
Carlsbad
A. Total size of construction site area:
3rfi Acres
8. Totals™ to be disturbed:
•^ 6 Acre* (%oftotalLOJI)
•'
Site Contact Person
Mike Cardosa
Latitude
Zip
92008
Longitude
1 1 7Q
County
San Diego
Site Phone Number Emergency Phone Numoer |
, , TBD_ ,760, 431.5600
C. Percent of sila imperviousness (including rooftops):
Before Construction: 56 %
After Construction: \QO %
f. Is the construction site partof a larger common plan of development or sate?
XX® YES D NO
H. Construction commencement date: 11/7 / 99
1. * at site to be mass graded: 0%
K. Type of Construction (Checx all that apply):
1. D Residential 2. £x Commercial 3. Q Industrial
«. D Utility Description:./ • " 7. d (
D. Tract Numbertsl:
E Mile Post Marker
G. Name of plan or development
Carlsbad Flower Fields
J. Project*
Complete grad
<. D Recc
31her (Please Lis
1 construction dates:
no: 12/15/99 Cen.atal.Bnte 03/0 L 00
nsuudion 5. D TransponaOon
n:
V. BILLING INFORMATION
SENDBIUTO:
KXSQrVNER
(as In II. above)
D DEVELOPER
(as In III. above)
D OTHER
(enter information at right)
Name
Mailing Address
City
Contact Person
Phone/Fax
State Zip
. REGULATORY STATUS
J1
A. Has* local agency approved a required erosion/sediment control plan?...W.ill be..-prOV-ided by 1..1../.7../.-9-9 )^3 YES D NC
^—t :Does the erosion/sediment control plan address construction activities such as infrastructure and structures? y& YES \—! NC
Name of local agency: CitV Of Carlsbad Phone: <76Q)43R- 1161
_UiB. Is this project or »ny pan thereof, subject to conditions imposed under a CWA Section 404 permit of 401 Water Quality Certification? D YES
If y«s, provide details: ^ „
~ll. RECEIVING WATER INFORMATION
A. Does the storm water runoff from the construction site discharge to (Check all that apply):
' 1. XH Indirectly to waters of the U.S.
_2. U Storm drain system - Enter owner's name:.
3. D Directly to waters of U.S. (e.g., river, lake, creek, stream, bay, ocean, etc.)
B. Name of receiving water: (river, lake, creek, stream, bay, ocean): Pacific Ocean
tint*
.Jll. IMPLEMENTATION OF NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS
A. STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN (SWPPP) (check one)
CD A SWPPP has been prepared for this facility and is available for review: Date Prepared: / / Date Amended: _
wC/QC A SWPPP will be prepared and ready for review by (enter date): 11/7 / 99
m» LJ A tentative schedule has been included in the SWPPP for activities such as grading, street construction, home construction, etc.
B. MONITORING PROGRAM
****X )£3 A rnonilonn9 and maintenance schedule has been developed that includes inspection of the construction BMPs beforeA/*~A anticipated storm events and alter actual storm events and is available tor review.
If checKed above: A qualified person has been assigned responsibility for pre-storm and post-storm BMP inspections
to identify effectiveness and necesury repairs or design changes ...... : ................................. . ............................................................... 3CXYES LJ NO
Name: Mike CardOSa _ Phone: (760) 431- 5600
C PERMIT COMPLIANCE RESPONSIBILITY
«, A qualified person has been assigned responsibility to ensure full compliance with the Permit, and to implement all elements of the Storm Water Pollution
Prevention Han inciuomg:
<*f" 1. Preparing an annual compliance evaluation ............................................................................................... .... ................................... X-?B YES D NO
Name: - Mike CardOSa _ Phone: (760, 431 -5600
J«»«l| - ------ "" —^—~~~^^—^^^~^—~^^^^~~*i~*mm^ *^~^^^^^^^^^^^^"" - '"
2 Eliminating all unautnonzed discharges ............ .: ................................................................ ................................................................... D YES D NO
mi .
IX. VICINITY MAP AND FEE (must show site location In relation to nearest named streets, Intersections, etc.)
««Kave you Included « vicinity map with this suomitial? ................... ....L... YES
Have you included payment of the annual lee with this submittal?...- ............................................................................................................... ^3 YES Q NO
•*, CERTIFICATIONS
'I certify under penalty of law that this document and all attachments were prepared under my direction and supervision in accordance with
"*~a system designed to assure tha/ qualified personnel properly gather and evaluate the information submitted. Based on my inquiry of the
person or persons who manage the system, o.r-'those persons directly responsible for gathering the information, the information submitted
—is, to the best of my knowledge and belief, true, accurate, and complete. I am aware that there are significant penalties for submitting false
information, including the possibility of fine or imprisonment. In addition, I certify that the provisions of the permit, including the
"•"development and implementation of a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan and a Monitoring Program Plan will be complied with."
ipr.medN.me:
Signature: