Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout5016; Water Master Plans - Desalination; Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes - Desalination; 2005-12-01 Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project PREPARED FOR Poseidon Resources Corp. 1055 Washington Blvd. Stamford, CT 06901 PREPARED BY Nelda Matheny HortScience, Inc. 4125 Mohr Ave., Suite F Pleasanton CA 94566 December 2005 Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project Table of Contents Page Executive Summary 1 Introduction 3 Methods of Study 3 Carlsbad Landscape Inventory 4 Comparison Landscapes 4 Plant Appearance Assessment 8 Estimated Landscape Response to Water Quality Categories 9 Summary of Key Findings 10 List of Tables Table 1. Key plant species that comprise Carlsbad landscapes and tolerance 5 to Category 1 water. Table 2. Probable species response to long-term irrigation with three categories 11 of water quality. Table 3: Species sensitive to category 1 water and tolerant of category 2 water 9 Table 4: Species requiring category 3 water to maintain acceptable appearance 10 Table 5: Species not rated because of lack of information to assess their 10 boron and chloride tolerance List of Figures Fig. 1: Average boron and chloride concentrations in irrigation water at each of the 5 three comparison landscape sites compared to the three categories of possible desalinated water quality. Fig. 2: Species with and without toxicity symptoms 5 Fig. 3: Purple leaf plum foliage appearance in June and September. 6 Fig. 4: Plants appearance normal at a distance, but some injury at close range 6 Fig. 5: Landscapes irrigated with moderate to high concentrations of chloride 7 that maintained attractive appearance. Fig. 6: Sensitive plants normal from a distance, but when viewed closely 7 Exhibited negative effects of salt. Fig.7: All plants had acceptable appearance when viewed from a distance; 8 even when close views were unacceptable. Fig. 8: Plants with obvious areas of dead tissue were unacceptable 8 Fig. 9: Plants with small areas of dead tissue were considered acceptable 8 by some, unacceptable by others Fig. 10. Plants with yellowing between leaf veins were generally acceptable 9 appearance Appendices Appendix A: Scientific and Common Names of Inventoried Landscape Plants. Appendix B: Descriptions of Carlsbad Landscape Inventory Sites Appendix C: Description of Comparison Landscapes and Data Collected Appendix D: Plant Appearance Assessment Tool and Results HortScience, Inc. 1 December 20, 2005 Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project Executive Summary Poseidon Resources Corp. is proposing to construct a seawater desalination project in Carlsbad, CA that would supply 50 million gallons of water per day for municipal users. The desalinated water would supply all potable water needs, including landscape irrigation. The purpose of this study is to determine if the water quality proposed to be produced in terms of boron and chloride (category 1 water) is adequate to maintain acceptable appearance of the ornamental plant species most widely used for landscaping in Carlsbad. The study is also aimed to determine if the use of desalinated water with lower boron and chloride levels (categories 2 and 3 water) have significant benefit to landscape appearance. Category 2 Water B: 0.55-0.75 ppm Cl: 120-160 ppm Category 3 Water B: 0.5 ppm Cl: 56 ppm Category 1 Water B: 0.8-1.0 ppm Cl: 180-240 ppm HortScience’s work included inventorying plant species present in Carlsbad landscapes, evaluating performance of plants growing in landscapes currently irrigated with boron and chloride concentrations similar to the three categories of desalinated water, defining acceptable plant appearance for Carlsbad landscapes, and determining the probable affects of irrigating Carlsbad landscapes with desalinated water. Key study findings 1. Category 1 water is acceptable for irrigation of the majority of the most widely used species of ornamental plants in Carlsbad. Potential change in appearance of less tolerant species when irrigated with category 1 water would be comparable to that observed in the areas of Carlsbad where reclaimed water is currently used for irrigation (e.g. Four Seasons Resort, Poinsettia Park, Plaza Paseo Real, Grand Pacific Palisade Hotel and Karl Strauss Brewery). 2. Use of irrigation water with lower levels of boron and chlorides (i.e., categories 2 and 3 water) is not likely to result in significant tangible benefits and dramatic improvement of the City’s landscape appearance when compared to irrigation with category 1 water. 3. Experience with irrigating landscapes with recycled water containing boron and chloride concentrations similar to category 1 water in the cities of Carlsbad and Livermore indicates that landscapes of acceptable appearance can be maintained. 4. Use of irrigation water with lower levels of boron and chlorides (i.e., Category 2 and 3 Water) is not likely to provide a benefit to landscape appearance when viewed from a distance. Salt-sensitive species would have better appearance when closely viewed. A small amount of salt damage is not apparent to most people. 5. The Desalination Advisory Group of residents of the City of Carlsbad assessed plant appearance of 65 photographs of 35 plants (near and far view) irrigated with various levels of boron and chloride in the water. It was their opinion that all plants had satisfactory appearance when viewed from a distance (10-15’). When closely viewed, a narrow band of brown leaf edge or tip was considered acceptable. 6. While 200 landscape species were encountered in our survey of Carlsbad landscapes, 30 species are common to most landscapes and comprise the core of plant materials Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project within the City. For over a third of the species inventoried there were only one or two plants present. Carlsbad landscape inventory Eleven sites within Carlsbad, ten landscapes and one nursery, were selected to represent the plant, soil and microclimate diversity present. A total of 200 plant species were recorded. Fifteen percent of the species occurred commonly in landscapes, 46% infrequently, and 39% occasionally. The thirty species that occurred commonly are the key plants that comprise Carlsbad landscapes. Comparison landscapes Because there is limited information on landscape species tolerance to boron and chloride, it was necessary to find existing landscapes that were irrigated with water containing the target concentrations of boron and chloride to assess plant performance. Three comparison landscapes were identified that met the selection criteria: ƒ Livermore, CA sites irrigated with recycled water – Category 1 boron; Category 2 chloride ƒ Carlsbad sites irrigated with recycled water – Category 3 boron; Category 1 chloride ƒ Davis, CA sites irrigated with potable water – Category 2 boron; Category 3 chloride At each comparison site plants were inventoried, appearance and any salt affects rated, soil and tissue samples analyzed, and photographs taken. Most landscape species at all sites were normal in appearance and did not show any salt affects. At each site, however, there were a few sensitive species that exhibited negative effects on a portion of the foliage. No plants exhibited severe effects such as dieback of entire leaves and stems or death. Plant appearance assessment A plant appearance assessment tool was prepared that included 65 photographs of 35 plants with and without injury due to boron and chloride, from all comparison sites, from both close and distance views. Seventeen of the Desalination Advisory Group members (residents of the City of Carlsbad) viewed each photograph and rated it as “acceptable”, “unacceptable”, or “no opinion”. All plants were rated as acceptable when viewed from a distance of 10-15’. When viewed at close range (within 3’), 50 (77%) were considered to have acceptable appearance; 7 (10%), unacceptable; and 8 (12%) had no majority. Estimated landscape response to water quality categories Using the Carlsbad plant inventory and species tolerance information generated through the site evaluations and literature search with the results of the acceptable plant appearance survey, we estimated the likely response of landscape plants to irrigation with category 1 water. Of the 200 species inventoried in Carlsbad landscapes, we estimate 135 would maintain acceptable appearance when irrigated with category 1 water. With category 2 water, 172 species would maintain acceptable appearance, including all but two of the common landscape species (plus one plant whose boron and chloride tolerance is not known). Maintenance of acceptable appearance is dependent on proper irrigation management. Seven species were unrated because of lack of information to assess their boron and chloride tolerance. HortScience, Inc. 2 December 20, 2005 Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project Final Report Introduction Poseidon Resources Corp. is proposing to construct a seawater desalination project in Carlsbad, CA that would supply 50 million gallons of water per day for municipal users. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the suitability of the desalinated water for irrigating landscape plants frequently encountered in the City of Carlsbad. The desalination of seawater removes most but not all of the salts in the water. Water quality guidelines define maximum concentrations of certain salts and ions based on human consumption. They do not, however, define quality standards for plants. Plants have greater sensitivity to some salts and ions - such as the boron and chloride - than humans. When boron and chloride concentrations are higher than tolerated by the species, adverse effects such as reduced growth, yellowing, marginal browning, dieback and death may occur. Plant species vary widely in their tolerance to boron and chloride. An important consideration in determining the degree to which the seawater is desalinated is defining what the maximum tolerable concentration of boron and chloride are for landscape plants in Carlsbad. The key question Poseidon Resources Corp. wanted answered is: What concentrations of boron and chloride in the projected desalted water will result in acceptable landscape appearance in the Carlsbad community considering the plant species, soil types, and climate conditions that exist there? Three categories of boron and chloride concentrations were: Category 2 Water B: 0.55-0.75 ppm Cl: 120-160 ppm Category 3 Water B: 0.5 ppm Cl: 56 ppm Category 1 Water B: 0.8-1.0 ppm Cl: 180-240 ppm HortScience, Inc. has experience with landscapes in California irrigated with water containing boron concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.5 ppm and chloride concentrations ranging from 50 to 250 ppm. We were asked to apply that experience to the Carlsbad landscape and estimate the likely response to irrigation with desalinated water at the three concentrations of boron and chloride defined above. Also providing advice and assistance during the project design and sample collection were Bill Darlington, soil scientist, Soil and Plant Laboratory, and Dr. Steve Grattan, water scientist, University of California Davis. Methods of Study There were four primary methods of study to address the project questions. 1. Inventory plant species at sites representing the range of soil types and microclimates in Carlsbad. Rank species according to frequency of use. Collect and analyze soil samples from representative landscapes. The results of this work are provided in Appendices A and B. 2. Identify comparison landscapes similar to those in Carlsbad and that were irrigated with water containing target concentrations of boron and chloride. At each landscape, rate species condition and appearance, and collect soil and tissue samples for analysis of salt concentrations. The results of this work are provided in Appendix C. 3. Prepare an assessment tool to determine what an acceptable landscape plant appearance is for Carlsbad. The Desalination Advisory Group members rated the assembled photographs of plants exhibiting a range in boron and/or chloride toxicity symptoms. The results of this work are provided in Appendix D. HortScience, Inc. 3 December 20, 2005 Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project 4. Develop a matrix of probable species response to long-term irrigation with water containing 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 ppm boron and 100, 180, and 240 ppm chloride based on the data generated in tasks 1-3. The results of this work are provided in Table 2 (page 12). 1. Carlsbad landscape inventory Eleven sites within Carlsbad, ten landscapes and one nursery, were selected to represent the plant, soil and microclimate diversity present: Aviara , Tern Place Aviara Resort La Costa Rancho Carrillo area, Quintana, Rancho Bravado and Rancho Latigo, Paseo Jaquita Magee Park Garfield St. between Beech Ave. and Cypress Carlsbad City Hall Monroe St. between Westwood Dr. and Carlsbad Village Dr. Calaveras Hills, Chatham and Nantucket Ln. Mystic Point Miles Pacific Nursery A total of 200 taxa were recorded (see Appendix A for scientific and common names). For each plant species the number of landscapes and the relative frequency of occurrence in each landscape in which it occurred were recorded (see Appendix B for data). Plant species were then identified as occurring commonly, occasionally or infrequently in Carlsbad landscapes. Fifteen percent of the species occurred commonly in landscapes, 46% infrequently, and 39% occasionally. The thirty species that occurred commonly are the key plants that comprise Carlsbad landscapes (Table 1). 2. Comparison of landscapes Because there is limited information on landscape species tolerance to boron and chloride, it was necessary to find existing landscapes that were irrigated with water containing the target concentrations of boron and chloride to assess plant performance. Target concentrations were 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 ppm boron and 100, 180, and 240 ppm chloride. In addition the landscapes at comparison locations needed to have species present common to Carlsbad landscapes, and be reasonably similar in soils and climate. We identified three comparison landscapes that met the selection criteria: ƒ Livermore, CA sites irrigated with recycled water; ƒ Carlsbad sites irrigated with recycled water; and ƒ Davis, CA sites irrigated with potable water. The Livermore recycled water quality approximated the category 1 desalinated water for boron and category 2 for chloride (Fig. 1). The Carlsbad recycled water quality was similar to the category 1 chloride and category 3 boron. The Davis potable water quality was comparable to the category 2 boron and category 3 chloride. At each comparison site plants were inventoried, appearance and any salt affects rated, soil and tissue samples analyzed, and photographs taken. Results and summaries of each landscape are provided in Appendix C. HortScience, Inc. 4 December 20, 2005 Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project Table 1: Key plant species that comprise Carlsbad landscapes and relative salt tolerance. ________________________________________________________________ Common name Plant type Relative salt tolerancea ________________________________________________________________ Australian tea tree shrub high Bird of paradise herbaceous perennial high Bougainvillea vine high Cajeput tree tree high Camelia shrub moderate Chinese hibiscus shrub high Daylily herbaceous perennial high English ivy ground cover high Escallonia shrub moderate Fern pine tree moderate Flax herbaceous perennial high Fortnight lily herbaceous perennial moderate Giant bird of paradise herbaceous perennial high Heavenly bamboo shrub low Indian hawthorn shrub high Indian laurel fig tree high Lily of the Nile herbaceous perennial low Oleander shrub high Olive tree high Philodendron herbaceous perennial moderate Photinia shrub moderate Pink trumpet vine vine unknown Pygmy date palm tree moderate Queen palm tree high Star jasmine ground cover high Tobira shrub high Variegated pittosporum shrub high Wax-leaf privet shrub high Wheeler's dwarf pittosporum shrub moderate Xylosma shrub moderate ________________________________________________________________ aBased on evaluation of species performance in sites irrigated with water containing high, moderate and low concentrations of chloride and boron. Fig. 1: Average boron and chloride concentrations in irrigation water at each of the three comparison landscape sites compared to the three categories of possible desalinated water quality. HortScience, Inc. 5 December 20, 2005 Category 2 Water B: 0.55-0.75 ppm Cl: 120-160 ppm Category 3 Water B: 0.5 ppm Cl: 56 ppm Category 1 Water B: 0.8-1.0 ppm Cl: 180-240 ppm Davis-potable B: 0.75 ppm Cl: 56 ppm Carlsbad-recycled B: 0.4 ppm Cl: 240 ppm Livermore-recycled B: 1.1 ppm Cl: 160 ppm Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project Most landscape species at all sites were normal in appearance and did not show any salt affects (Fig. 2). At each site, however, there were a few sensitive species that exhibited negative effects on a portion of the foliage (Appendix C). For instance, at the Davis site, approximately 110 species were examined, 16 showing effects of excess boron, primarily brown leaf tips and edges on older foliage. No plants at any of the sites exhibited severe effects such as dieback of entire leaves and stems or death. Fig. 2: Most species, like star jasmine (left), had normal appearance even at the highest levels of boron and chloride. In contrast, heavenly bamboo (right) had foliage burn due to salt where boron and chloride concentrations were moderate and above. At the Livermore sites boron and chloride concentrations were lower at the beginning of the irrigation season (late spring) compared to the end of summer. For salt sensitive species, injury was present the end of the growing season only (Fig. 3). Deciduous plants loose the salt- affected leaves in the fall, and new leaves produced the following spring are normal in appearance. For evergreen plants, new foliage that is normal in appearance masks the older leaves that have brown edges (Fig. 4). Fig. 3: Purple leaf plum irrigated with recycled water in Livermore appeared normal in June ( but by Septem showed brown edges due to salt accumulation in the leaves (right). left), ber, Fig. 4: Xylosma irrigated with recycled water in Livermore appeared normal from a distance (left), but showed salt injury on older, hidden foliage (right). HortScience, Inc. 6 December 20, 2005 Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project At all sites the overall landscape appearance was healthy and attractive (Fig. 5). No salt affects were noticeable from a distance. In most cases it was necessary to look closely at the older, hidden foliage to find any damage due to salts (Fig. 6). Fig. 5: Examples of landscapes irrigated with moderate to high concentrations of chloride and boron. All maintain an attractive appearance. (Bottom right, Livermore recycled water; all others, Carlsbad recycled water) Fig. 6: Sensitive plants that were examined from a distance appeared normal, but when viewed closely exhibited some negative effects of salt. (Left: median at Aviara in Carlsbad, heavenly bamboo symptoms at close range; right: rose planting in Livermore, foliage injury observed only at close range.) HortScience, Inc. 7 December 20, 2005 Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project 3. Plant appearance assessment A plant appearance assessment tool was prepared that included 65 photographs of 35 plants (near and far view) with and without injury due to boron and chloride, from all comparison sites (see exhibit in Appendix D). On October 11, 2005 seventeen of the Desalination Advisory Group members viewed each photograph and rated it as “acceptable”, “unacceptable”, or “no opinion”. People varied widely in how they assessed plant appearance. For instance, one person identified 62 photos acceptable; 1, unacceptable; and 3, no opinion. In contrast, another person identified 26 acceptable; 22, unacceptable; and 18, no opinion. Of the 65 photographs assessed, 50 (77%) were considered to have acceptable appearance by 10 or more people; 7 (10%), unacceptable; and 8 (12%) had no majority. All plants were rated as acceptable when viewed from a distance (Fig. 7). Plants viewed at close range that were identified as having unacceptable appearance had obvious brown edges along the leaves (Fig. 8). Plants that had no majority generally had slight damage (Fig. 9). Leaf yellowing, which can be a symptom of excess chloride, was generally rated acceptable (Fig. 10). Appearance of lily-of-the-Nile was unacceptable regardless of water quality. Fig. 8: Plants with obvious areas of dead tissue were unacceptable (London plane at Livermore site). Fig. 7: All plants had acceptable appearance when viewed from a distance, even when close views were unacceptable (Ash at Poinsettia Park, Carlsbad). Fig. 9 (left): Plants with small areas of dead tissue were considered acceptable by some, unacceptable by others (American elm at Davis). Fig.10 (right): Plants with yellowing between leaf veins were generally acceptable appearance (citrus at Carlsbad recycled water site). HortScience, Inc. 8 December 20, 2005 Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project 4. Estimated landscape response to water quality categories Using the Carlsbad plant inventory and species tolerance information generated through the site evaluations and literature search with the results of the acceptable plant appearance survey we developed a matrix of probable species response to long-term irrigation with water containing 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 ppm boron and 100, 180 and 240 ppm chloride. The results are provided in Table 2 (located at end of report, p. 12). A summary follows. Of the 200 species inventoried in Carlsbad landscapes, we estimate 135 are tolerant of the Category 1 water. Plants intolerant of Category 1 water are likely to develop symptoms of leaf necrosis (brown edges), chlorosis (yellowing), and/or stunted growth. Thirty-seven species are estimated to require Category 2 water to maintain acceptable appearance (Table 3). Twenty-one species are estimated to require Category 3 water to maintain acceptable appearance (Table 4). Six species were unrated because of lack of information to assess their boron and chloride tolerance (Table 5). Table 3: Species sensitive to category 1 water and tolerant of category 2 water. Frequency in Common name Plant type Landscape Australian willow Tree Infrequent Big blue lily turf Herbaceous perennial Occasional Brisbane box Tree Occasional Burford holly Shrub Infrequent Camelia Shrub Common Cardboard palm Tree Infrequent Catalina cherry Tree Infrequent Chinese flame tree Tree Infrequent Clivia Herbaceous perennial Occasional Escallonia Shrub Common Euryops Herbaceous perennial Occasional Fern pine Tree Common Fortnight lily Herbaceous perennial Common Foxtail palm Tree Infrequent Gardenia Shrub Infrequent Hawaiian elf scheffflera Shrub Occasional Hong Kong orchid tree Tree Infrequent Hydrangea Shrub Infrequent Lady palm Shrub Infrequent Long-leafed yellow wood Shrub Occasional Loquat Tree Occasional Orange, lemon Tree Occasional Peppermint gum Tree Infrequent Philodendron Shrub Common Photinia Shrub Common Pygmy date palm Shrub Common Queensland umbrella tree Tree Occasional Red ironbark Tree Occasional Red-flowering gum Tree Infrequent Rose Shrub Occasional Sword fern Herbaceous perennial Infrequent Torrey pine Tree Infrequent HortScience, Inc. 9 December 20, 2005 Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project Table 3: Species sensitive to category 1 water and tolerant of category 2 water, continued. Frequency in Common name Scientific Name Landscape Trumpet tree Tree Infrequent Viburnum Shrub Occasional Wheeler's dwarf pittosporum Shrub Common Xylosma Shrub Common Yew pine Tree Occasional Table 4: Species requiring category 3 water to maintain acceptable appearance. Frequency in Common name Plant type Landscape African tulip tree Tree Infrequent Banana Herbaceous perennial Infrequent Camphor Tree Occasional Champaca Tree Infrequent Crape myrtle Tree Occasional European white birch Tree Occasional False strawberry Ground cover Infrequent Firewheel tree Tree Infrequent Heavenly bamboo Shrub Common Japanese black pine Tree Occasional Kentia palm Tree Infrequent Lily-of-the-Nile Herbaceous perennial Common London plane Tree Occasional Orchid Herbaceous perennial Infrequent Princess flower Shrub Infrequent Purple leafed plum Tree Occasional Southern magnolia Tree Occasional Sweetgum Tree Occasional Tasmamian tree fern Herbaceous perennial Occasional Violet trumpet vine Vine Occasional White alder Tree Occasional Table 5: Species not rated because of lack of information to assess their boron and chloride tolerance Frequency in Common name Plant type Landscape Angel-wing jasmine Vine Occasional Blood-red trumpet vine Vine Infrequent Canton fishtail palm Tree Occasional Ginger lily Herbaceous perennial Infrequent Pink trumpet vine Vine Common Tipu tree Tree Infrequent HortScience, Inc. 10 December 20, 2005 Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project Summary of Key Findings 1. Category 1 water is acceptable for irrigation of the majority of the most widely used species of ornamental plants in Carlsbad. Potential change in appearance of less tolerant species when irrigated with category 1 water would be comparable to that observed in the areas of Carlsbad where reclaimed water is currently used for irrigation (e.g. Four Seasons Resort, Poinsettia Park, Plaza Paseo Real, Grand Pacific Palisade Hotel and Karl Strauss Brewery). 2. Use of irrigation water with lower levels of boron and chlorides (i.e., categories 2 and 3 water) is not likely to result in significant tangible benefits and dramatic improvement of the City’s landscape appearance when compared to irrigation with category 1 water. 3. Experience with irrigating landscapes with recycled water containing boron and chloride concentrations similar to category 1 water in the cities of Carlsbad and Livermore indicates that landscapes of acceptable appearance can be maintained. 4. Use of irrigation water with lower levels of boron and chlorides (i.e., Category 2 and 3 Water) is not likely to provide a benefit to landscape appearance when viewed from a distance. Salt-sensitive species would have better appearance when closely viewed. A small amount of salt damage is not apparent to most people. 5. The Desalination Advisory Group of residents of the City of Carlsbad assessed plant appearance of 65 photographs of 35 plants (near and far view) irrigated with various levels of boron and chloride in the water. It was their opinion that all plants had satisfactory appearance when viewed from a distance (10-15’). When closely viewed, a narrow band of brown leaf edge or tip was considered acceptable. 6. While 200 landscape species were encountered in our survey of Carlsbad landscapes, 30 species are common to most landscapes and comprise the core of plant materials within the City. For over a third of the species inventoried there were only one or two plants present. HortScience, Inc. 11 December 20, 2005 Table 2: Probable species response to long-term irrigation with three categories of water quality.OccurrenceCommon name Scientific name in Landscape0.5 ppm 0.75 ppm 1.0 ppm 100 ppm 180 ppm 240 ppmSydney golden wattleAcacia longifoliaOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Acacia redolensAcacia redolensOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Lily-of-the-NileAgapanthus africanusCommon yes no no yes no no 3AgaveAgave spp.Infrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1White alderAlnus rhombifoliaOccasional yes no no yes no no 3AloeAloe sp.Occasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1AlstroemeriaAlstroemeria hybridsOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Blue hybiscusAlyognme huegeliiInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1ApteniaAptenia cordifloliaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Norfolk Island pineAraucaria heterophyllaOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Marina madroneArbutus 'Marina'Infrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1King palmArchontophoenix cunninhamianaOccasional yes ? ? yes yes yes 1ManzanitaArcthostaphylos densiflorusInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Myers asparqagusAsparagus densiflorus 'Myers'Infrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Sprenger asparagusAsparagus densiflorus 'Sprengeri'Occasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Dwarf coyote bushBaccharis pilularis 'Twin Peaks'Occasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Water hyssopBacopa monnieriOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Hong Kong orchid treeBauhinia blakeanaInfrequent yes ? ? yes yes no 2BergeniaBergenia crassifoliaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1European white birchBetula pendulaOccasional yes no no yes no no 3BougainvilleaBougainvillea cultivarsCommon yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Bottle treeBrachychiton populneusOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Mexican blue palmBrahea armataInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Japanese boxwoodBuxus microphylla japonicaOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Pink powder puffCalliandra haematocephalaInfrequent yes ? ? yes yes yes 1Weeping bottlebrushCallistemon viminalisOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1CameliaCamelia japonicaCommon yes yes no yes yes no 2Natal plumCarissa macrocarpaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Canton fishtail palmCaryota ochlandraOccasional yes no no yes no no unknownCrown of gold treeCassia excelsaInfrequent yes ? ? yes yes yes 1Wild lilacCeanothus gloriosisInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Mediterranean fan palmChamaerops humilisInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1CamphorCinnamomun camphoraOccasional yes yes no yes no no 3Rock roseCistus x purpureusInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Acceptable Plant Appearance?Water Quality CategoryaBoron ChlorideEvaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad LandscapesPosidedon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination ProjectHortScience, Inc.December 2005 Table 2: Probable species response to long-term irrigation with three categories of water quality.OccurrenceCommon name Scientific name in Landscape0.5 ppm 0.75 ppm 1.0 ppm 100 ppm 180 ppm 240 ppmAcceptable Plant Appearance?Water Quality CategoryaBoron ChlorideOrange, lemonCitrus spp.Occasional yes yes no yes yes no 2CliviaClivia miniataOccasional yes yes no yes yes no 2Violet trumpet vineClytostoma callistegioidesOccasional yes no no yes no no 3Breath of heavenColeonema pulchrumOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Mirror plantCoprosma repensInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1CordylineCordyline australisInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Parney's cotoneasterCotoneaster lacteumOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1JadeCrassula ovataOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Carrot woodCupaniopsis anacardioidesOccasional yes ? ? yes yes yes 1False heatherCuphea hyssopifoliaOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Monterey cypressCupressus macrocarpaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Italian cypressCupressus sempervirensOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Sago palmCycas revolutaOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1OrchidCymbidium spp.Infrequent yes no no yes no no 3Tasmamian tree fernDicksonia antarcticaOccasional yes yes ? yes no no 3Fortnight lilyDietes iridioidesCommon yes yes no yes yes no 2Blood-red trumpet vineDistictis buccinatoriaInfrequent yes ? ? yes ? ? unknownPurple hopbushDodonaea viscosa 'Purpurea'Infrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1DracenaDracena marginataInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1DymondiaDymondia margaretaeInfrequent yes ? ? yes yes yes 1Pride of MadeiraEchium candicansOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1LoquatEriobotrya japonicaOccasional yes yes no yes yes ? 2Coral treeErythrina caffraInfrequent yes ? ? yes yes yes 1EscalloniaEscallonia x exoniensis 'Fradesii'Common yes yes yes yes yes no 2Lemon-scented gumEucalyptus citriodoraOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Red-flowering gumEucalyptus ficifoliaInfrequent yes yes no yes yes no 2Dwarf blue gumEucalyptus globulus 'Compacta'Occasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Peppermint gumEucalyptus nicoliiInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes no 2Silver dollar gumEucalyptus polyanthemosInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Red ironbarkEucalyptus sideroxylonOccasional yes yes yes yes yes no 2Manna gumEucalyptus viminalisOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Bushy yateEucalypus conferruminataInfrequent yes ? ? yes yes yes 1Variegated euonymusEuonymus japonicus'Aureo-VariegOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1EuryopsEuryops pectinatusOccasional yes yes no yes yes no 2Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad LandscapesPosidedon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination ProjectHortScience, Inc.December 2005 Table 2: Probable species response to long-term irrigation with three categories of water quality.OccurrenceCommon name Scientific name in Landscape0.5 ppm 0.75 ppm 1.0 ppm 100 ppm 180 ppm 240 ppmAcceptable Plant Appearance?Water Quality CategoryaBoron ChlorideBlue marguriteFecelia amelloidesInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Blue fescueFestuca glaucaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Weeping figFicus benjaminaOccasional yes yes ? yes yes yes 1Fiddleleaf figFicus lyrataInfrequent yes ? ? yes yes yes 1Moreton Bay figFicus macrophyllaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Indian laurel figFicus microcarpaCommon yes ? ? yes yes yes 1Creeping figFicus pumilaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1False strawberryFragaria chiloensisInfrequent yes no no yes no no 3GardeniaGardenia angustaInfrequent yes yes no yes yes no 2GazaniaGazania spp.Occasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Australian willowGeijera parvifloraInfrequent yes ? ? yes yes ? 2GeraniumGeranium spp.Infrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Silk oakGrevillea robustaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Algerian ivyHedera canariensisInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1English ivyHedera helixCommon yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Ginger lilyHedychium spp.Infrequent yes ? ? yes ? ? unknownDaylilyHemerocallis hybridsCommon yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Chinese hibiscusHibiscus rosa-sinensisCommon yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Kentia palmHowea fosterianaInfrequent yes no no yes no no 3HydrangeaHydrangea macrophyllaInfrequent yes yes no yes yes no 2Burford hollyIlex cornuta 'Burfordii'Infrequent yes yes no yes yes no 2ImpatiensImpatiens wallerianaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Blue dawn flowerIpomea indicaOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1JacarandaJacaranda mimosifoliaOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Angel-wing jasmineJasminum laurifolium nitidumOccasional yes ? ? yes ? ? unknownJasmineJasminum polyanthemumOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1JuniperJuniperus chinensis Occasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1JuniperJuniperus chinensis horizontalisInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Hollywood juniperJuniperus chinensis 'Torulosa'Occasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Shore juniperJuniperus confertaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Chinese flame treeKoelreuteria bipinnataInfrequent yes yes no yes yes no 2Crape myrtleLagerstroemia indicaOccasional yes yes no yes no no 3LantanaLantana camaraOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Trailing lantanaLantana montevidensisOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad LandscapesPosidedon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination ProjectHortScience, Inc.December 2005 Table 2: Probable species response to long-term irrigation with three categories of water quality.OccurrenceCommon name Scientific name in Landscape0.5 ppm 0.75 ppm 1.0 ppm 100 ppm 180 ppm 240 ppmAcceptable Plant Appearance?Water Quality CategoryaBoron ChlorideLavenderLavandula spp.Occasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Tree mallowLavatera maritimaOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Australian tea treeLeptospermum laevigataCommon yes yes yes yes yes yes 1New Zealand tea treeLeptospermum scopariumInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Wax-leaf privetLigustrum japonicumCommon yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Sea lavenderLimonium pereziiOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1SweetgumLiquidambar styracifluaOccasional yes no no yes no no 3Lily turfLiriope muscariOccasional yes yes no yes yes no 2LobeliaLobelia erinusInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1HoneysuckleLonicera hildebrandianaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Brisbane boxLophostemon conferta (Tristania)Occasional yes ? ? yes yes no 2Southern magnoliaMagnolia grandifloraOccasional yes no no yes yes no 3Cajeput treeMelaleuca quinquenerviaCommon yes yes yes yes yes yes 1New Zealand Christmas treeMetrosideros excelsusInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1ChampacaMichelia champacaInfrequent yes ? ? yes ? no 3BananaMusa spp.Infrequent yes ? ? yes ? ? 3MyoproumMyoporum laetumOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Pacific myoporumMyoporum laetum 'Pacificum'Infrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1MyoporumMyoporum parvifoliumInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1African boxwoodMyrsine africanaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1MyrtleMyrtus communisInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Heavenly bambooNandina domesticaCommon yes no no yes no no 3Sword fernNephrolepis spp.Infrequent yes yes no yes no no 2OleanderNerium oleanderCommon yes yes yes yes yes yes 1OliveOlea europaeaCommon yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Trailing African daisyOsteospermum fruiticosumOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Pink trumpet vinePandorea jasminoidesCommon yes ? ? yes ? ? unknownPelargoniumPelargonium spp.Occasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Red fountain grassPennisetum setaceum 'Rubrum'Occasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1PhilodendronPhilodendron sp.Common yes yes no yes yes no 2Canary Island palmPhoenix canariensisInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Date palmPhoenix dactyliferaOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Pygmy date palmPhoenix robeleniiCommon yes ? ? yes yes no 2FlaxPhormium hybridsCommon yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad LandscapesPosidedon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination ProjectHortScience, Inc.December 2005 Table 2: Probable species response to long-term irrigation with three categories of water quality.OccurrenceCommon name Scientific name in Landscape0.5 ppm 0.75 ppm 1.0 ppm 100 ppm 180 ppm 240 ppmAcceptable Plant Appearance?Water Quality CategoryaBoron ChloridePhotiniaPhotinia fraseriCommon yes yes no yes yes no 2Golden bambooPhyllostachys aureaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Black bambooPhyllostachys nigraInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Calabrian pinePinus brutiaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Canary Island pinePinus canariensisOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Aleppo pinePinus halepensisInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Monterey pinePinus radiataOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Japanese black pinePinus thunbergiiOccasional yes yes no yes no no 3Torrey pinePinus torreyanaInfrequent yes yes ? yes yes ? 2TobiraPittosporum tobiraCommon yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Variegated pittosporumPittosporum tobira 'Variegata'Common yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Wheeler's dwarf pittosporumPittosporum tobira 'Wheeleri'Common yes yes no yes yes no 2Victorian boxPittosporum undulatumInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1London planePlatanus x acerifoliaOccasional yes yes no yes no no 3Cape plumbagoPlumbago auriculataInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Fern pinePodocarpus graciliorCommon yes yes no yes yes no 2Long-leafed yellow woodPodocarpus henkeliiOccasional yes yes no yes yes no 2Yew pinePodocarpus macrophyllusOccasional yes yes no yes yes no 2Purple leafed plumPrunus cerasifera 'Atropururea'Occasional yes yes no yes no no 3Hollyleaf cherryPrunus illicifoliaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Catalina cherryPrunus illicifolia lyoniiInfrequent yes yes no yes yes no 2Strawberry guavaPsidium cattleianumInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1FirethornPyracantha hybridsOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Evergreen pearPyrus kawakamiiOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Indian hawthornRhaphiolepis indicaCommon yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Lady palmRhapis excelsaInfrequent yes yes no yes yes no 2Lemonade berryRhus integrifoliaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1African sumacRhus lanceaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1RoseRosa cultivarsOccasional yes yes no yes yes no 2RosemaryRosemarinus officinalisOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Pincushion flowerScabiosa columbariaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Queensland umbrella treeSchefflera actinophyllaOccasional yes ? ? yes yes no 2Hawaiian elf schefffleraSchefflera arboricolaOccasional yes ? ? yes yes no 2California pepperSchinus molleOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad LandscapesPosidedon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination ProjectHortScience, Inc.December 2005 Table 2: Probable species response to long-term irrigation with three categories of water quality.OccurrenceCommon name Scientific name in Landscape0.5 ppm 0.75 ppm 1.0 ppm 100 ppm 180 ppm 240 ppmAcceptable Plant Appearance?Water Quality CategoryaBoron ChlorideBrazillian pepperSchinus terebinthifoliusOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Dusty millerSenecio cinerariaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Potato vineSolanum jasminoidesInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Royal robe solanumSolanum rantonnetii 'Royal Robe'Infrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1African tulip treeSpathodea campanulataInfrequent yes no no yes no no 3Firewheel treeStenocarpus sinuatusInfrequent yes ? ? yes no no 3Giant bird of paradiseStrelitzia nicolaiCommon yes yes ? yes yes yes 1Bird of paradiseStrelitzia reginaeCommon yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Queen palmSyagrus romanzoffianumCommon yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Brush cherrySyzygium paniculatumOccasional yes ? ? yes yes yes 1Trumpet treeTabebuia sp.Infrequent yes ? ? yes yes no 2Bald cypressTaxodium distichumInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Cape honeysuckleTecoma capensisOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1GermanderTeucrium x lucidrysInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Oriental arborvitaeThuja orientalisInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Princess flowerTibouchina urvilleanaInfrequent yes no no yes no no 3Tipu treeTipuana tipuInfrequent yes ? ? yes ? ? unknownStar jasmineTrachelospermum jasminoidesCommon yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Windmill palmTrachycarpus fortuneiInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1SpiderwortTradescantia virginianaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Society garlicTulbaghia violaceaOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1VerbenaVerbena x hybridaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1ViburnumViburnum tinusOccasional yes yes no yes yes no 2Dwarf periwinkleVinca minorInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Mexican fan palmWashingtonia robustaOccasional yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Coast rosemaryWestringia fruticosaInfrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1Foxtail palmWodyetai bifurcataInfrequent yes yes no yes yes no 2XylosmaXylosma congestumCommon yes yes no yes yes no 2Cardboard palmZamia furfuraceaInfrequent yes ? ? yes yes ? 2CallaZantedeschia spp.Infrequent yes yes yes yes yes yes 1aCategory 1: boron 0.8-1.0 ppm, chloride 180-240 ppm; Category 2: boron 0.55-0.75 ppm, chloride 120-160 ppm; Category 3: boron < 0.5 ppm, chloride <100 ppmEvaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad LandscapesPosidedon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination ProjectHortScience, Inc.December 2005 Appendix A Scientific and Common Names of Landscape Plants Inventoried in Ten Carlsbad Landscapes Table A-1: Alphabetical by Scientific Name Table A-2: Alphabetical by Common Name Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project Table A-1: Taxa encountered in 10 Carlsbad Landscapes, alphabetized by scientific name Scientific name Common name Plant type Acacia longifolia Sydney golden wattle shrub Acacia redolens Acacia redolens ground cover Agapanthus africanus Lily of the Nile herbaceous perennial Agave sp. Agave herbaceous perennial Alnus rhombifolia White alder tree Aloe sp. Aloe herbaceous perennial Alstroemeria hybrids Alstroemeria herbaceous perennial Alyognme huegelii Blue hybiscus shrub Aptenia cordiflolia Aptenia ground cover Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island pine tree Arbutus 'Marina' Marina madrone tree Archontophoenix cunninhamiana King palm tree Arcthostaphylos Manzanita shrub Asparagus densiflorus 'Myers' Myers asparqagus herbaceous perennial Asparagus densiflorus 'Sprengeri' Sprenger asparagus herbaceous perennial Baccharis'Twin Peaks' Dwarf coyote bush ground cover Bacopa monnieri Water hyssop herbaceous perennial Bauhinia blakeana Hong Kong orchid tree tree Bergenia crassifolia Bergenia herbaceous perennial Betula pendula European white birch tree Bougainvillea sp. Bougainvillea vine Brachychiton populneus Bottle tree tree Brahea armata Mexican blue palm tree Buxus microphylla japonica Japanese boxwood shrub Calliandra haematocephala Pink powder puff shrub Callistemon viminalis Weeping bottlebrush shrub Camelia japonica Camelia shrub Carissa macrocarpa Natal plum shrub Caryota ochlandra Canton fishtail palm tree Cassia excelsa Grown of gold tree tree Ceanothus gloriosis Wild lilac shrub Chamaerops humilis Mediterranean fan palm shrub Cinnamomun camphora Camphor tree Cistus x purpureus Rock rose shrub Citrus sp. Orange, lemon tree Clivia miniata Clivia herbaceous perennial Clytostoma callistegioides Violet trumpet vine vine Coleonema pulchrum Breath of heaven shrub Coprosma repens Mirror plant shrub Cordyline australis Cordyline shrub Cotoneaster lacteum Parney's cotoneaster shrub Crassula ovata Jade herbaceous perennial Cupaniopsis anacardioides Carrot wood tree Cuphea hyssopifolia False heather shrub Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey cypress tree Cupressus sempervirens Italian cypress tree Cycas revoluta Sago palm shrub Cymbidium sp. Orchid herbaceous perennial Dicksonia antarctica Tasmamian tree fern herbaceous perennial Dietes iridioides Fortnight lily herbaceous perennial Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Posidedon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project HortScience, Inc. December 2005 Table A-1: Taxa encountered in 10 Carlsbad Landscapes, alphabetized by scientific name Scientific name Common name Plant type Distictis buccinatoria Blood-red trumpet vine vine Dodonaea viscosa 'Purpurea' Pruple hopbush shrub Dracena marginata Dracena shrub Dymondia margaretae Dymondia ground cover Echium candicans Pride of Madeira herbaceous perennial Eriobotrya japonica Loquat tree Erythrina caffra Coral tree tree Escallonia x exoniensis 'Fradesii' Escallonia shrub Eucalyptus citriodora Lemon-scented gum tree Eucalyptus ficifolia Red-flowering gum tree Eucalyptus globulus 'Compacta' Dwarf blue gum tree Eucalyptus nicolii Peppermint gum tree Eucalyptus polyanthemos Silver dollar gum tree Eucalyptus sideroxylon Red ironbark tree Eucalyptus viminalis Manna gum tree Eucalypus conferruminata Bushy yate shrub Euonymus japonicus 'Aureo-VariegatusVariegated euonymus shrub Euryops pectinatus Euryops herbaceous perennial Fecelia amelloides Blue margurite herbaceous perennial Festuca glauca Blue fescue herbaceous perennial Ficus benjamina Weeping fig tree Ficus lyrata Fiddleleaf fig tree Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay fig tree Ficus microcarpa Indian laurel fig tree Ficus pumila Creeping fig vine Fragaria chiloensis False strawberry ground cover Gardenia angusta Gardenia shrub Gazania sp. Gazania ground cover Geijera parviflora Australian willow tree Geranium sp. Geranium herbaceous perennial Grevillea robusta Silk oak tree Hedera canariensis Algerian ivy ground cover Hedera helix English ivy ground cover Hedychium sp. Ginger lily herbaceous perennial Hemerocallis hybrids Daylily herbaceous perennial Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Chinese hibiscus shrub Howea fosteriana Kentia palm tree Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea shrub Ilex 'Burfordii' Burford holly shrub Impatiens walleriana Impatiens annual Ipomea indica Blue dawn flower annual Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda tree Jasminum laurifolium nitidum Angel-wing jasmine shrub Jasminum polyanthemum Jasmine vine Juniperus chinensis Juniper shrub Juniperus chinensis horizontalis Juniper ground cover Juniperus chinensis 'Torulosa' Hollywood juniper shrub Juniperus conferta Shore juniper ground cover Koelreuteria bipinnata Chinese flame tree tree Lagerstroemia indica Crape myrtle tree Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Posidedon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project HortScience, Inc. December 2005 Table A-1: Taxa encountered in 10 Carlsbad Landscapes, alphabetized by scientific name Scientific name Common name Plant type Lantana camara Lantana shrub Lantana montevidensis Trailing lantana ground cover Lavandula sp. Lavender herbaceous perennial Lavatera maritima Tree mallow shrub Leptospermum laevigata Australian tea tree shrub Leptospermum scoparium New Zealand tea tree tree Ligustrum japonicum Wax-leaf privet shrub Limonium perezii Sea lavender herbaceous perennial Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum tree Liriope muscari Lily turf herbaceous perennial Lobelia erinus Lobelia annual Lonicera hildebrandiana Honeysuckle vine Lophostemon confertus (Tristania) Brisbane box tree Magnolia grandiflora Southern magnolia tree Melaleuca quinquenervia Cajeput tree tree Metrosideros excelsus New Zealand Christmas tree Michelia champaca Champaca tree Musa sp. Banana herbaceous perennial Myoporum laetum Myoproum shrub Myoporum laetum 'Pacificum' Pacific myoporum ground cover Myoporum parvifolium Myoporum ground cover Myrsine africana African boxwood shrub Myrtus communis Myrtle shrub Nandina domestica Heavenly bamboo shrub Neodypsis decari Triangle palm tree Nephrolepis sp. Sword fern herbaceous perennial Nerium oleander Oleander shrub Olea europaea Olive tree Osteospermum fruiticosum Trailing African daisy ground cover Pandorea jasminoides Pink trumpet vine vine Pelargonium sp. Pelargonium herbaceous perennial Pennisetum setaceum 'Rubrum' Red fountain grass herbaceous perennial Philodendron sp. Philodendron herbaceous perennial Phoenix canariensis Canary Island palm tree Phoenix dactylifera Date palm tree Phoenix robelenii Pygmy date palm tree Phormium hybrids Flax herbaceous perennial Photinia fraseri Photinia shrub Phyllostachys aurea Golden bamboo shrub Phyllostachys nigra Black bamboo shrub Pinus brutia Calabrian pine tree Pinus canariensis Canary Island pine tree Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine tree Pinus radiata Monterey pine tree Pinus thunbergii Japanese black pine tree Pinus torreyana Torrey pine tree Pittosporum tobira Tobira shrub Pittosporum tobira 'Variegata' Variegated pittosporum shrub Pittosporum tobira 'Wheeleri' Wheeler's dwarf pittosporum shrub Pittosporum undulatum Victorian box shrub Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Posidedon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project HortScience, Inc. December 2005 Table A-1: Taxa encountered in 10 Carlsbad Landscapes, alphabetized by scientific name Scientific name Common name Plant type Platanus x acerifolia London plane tree Plumbago auriculata Cape plumbago shrub Podocarpus gracilior Fern pine tree Podocarpus henkelii Long-leafed yellow wood shrub Podocarpus macrophyllus Yew pine tree Prunus cerasifera 'Atropururea' Purple leafed plum tree Prunus illicifolia lyonii Hollyleaf cherry tree Prunus illicifolia lyonii Catalina cherry shrub Psidium cattleianum Strawberry guava shrub Pyracantha hybrids Firethorn shrub Pyrus kawakamii Evergreen pear tree Rhaphiolepis indica Indian hawthorn shrub Rhapis excelsa Lady palm shrub Rhus integrifolia Lemonade berry shrub Rhus lancea African sumac tree Rosa cvs. Rose shrub Rosemarinus officinalis Rosemary ground cover Scabiosa columbaria Pincushion flower annual Schefflera actinophylla Queensland umbrella tree herbaceous perennial Schefflera arboricola Hawaiian elf scheffflera herbaceous perennial Schinus molle California pepper tree Schinus terebinthifolius Brazillian pepper tree Senecio cineraria Dusty miller herbaceous perennial Solanum jasminoides Potato vine vine Solanum rantonnetii 'Royal Robe' Royal robe solanum shrub Stenocarpus sinuatus Firewheel tree tree Strelitzia nicolai Giant bird of paradise herbaceous perennial Strelitzia reginae Bird of paradise herbaceous perennial Syagrus romanzoffianum Queen palm tree Syzygium paniculatum Brush cherry shrub Taxodium distichum Bald cypress tree Tecoma capensis Cape honeysuckle shrub Teucrium x lucidrys Germander herbaceous perennial Thuja orientalis Oriental arborvitae shrub Tibouchina urvilleana Princess flower shrub Tipuana tipu Tipu tree tree Trachelospermum jasminoides Star jasmine ground cover Trachycarpus fortunei Windmill palm tree Tradescantia virginiana Spiderwort herbaceous perennial Tulbaghia violacea Society garlic herbaceous perennial Verbena x hybrida Verbena herbaceous perennial Viburnum tinus Viburnum shrub Vinca minor Dwarf periwinkle ground cover Washingtonia robusta Mexican fan palm tree Westringia fruticosa Coast rosemary shrub Wodyetai bifurcata Foxtail palm tree Xylosma congestum Xylosma shrub Zamia furfuracea Cardboard palm shrub Zantedeschia sp. Calla herbaceous perennial Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Posidedon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project HortScience, Inc. December 2005 Table A-2: Taxa encountered in 10 Carlsbad Landscapes, alphabetized by common name Scientific name Common name Plant type Acacia redolens Acacia redolens ground cover Myrsine africana African boxwood shrub Rhus lancea African sumac tree Agave sp. Agave herbaceous perennial Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine tree Hedera canariensis Algerian ivy ground cover Aloe sp. Aloe herbaceous perennial Alstroemeria hybrids Alstroemeria herbaceous perennial Jasminum laurifolium nitidum Angel-wing jasmine shrub Aptenia cordiflolia Aptenia ground cover Leptospermum laevigata Australian tea tree shrub Geijera parviflora Australian willow tree Taxodium distichum Bald cypress tree Musa sp. Banana herbaceous perennial Bergenia crassifolia Bergenia herbaceous perennial Strelitzia reginae Bird of paradise herbaceous perennial Phyllostachys nigra Black bamboo shrub Distictis buccinatoria Blood-red trumpet vine vine Ipomea indica Blue dawn flower annual Festuca glauca Blue fescue herbaceous perennial Alyognme huegelii Blue hybiscus shrub Fecelia amelloides Blue margurite herbaceous perennial Brachychiton populneus Bottle tree tree Bougainvillea sp. Bougainvillea vine Schinus terebinthifolius Brazillian pepper tree Coleonema pulchrum Breath of heaven shrub Lophostemon confertus (Tristania) Brisbane box tree Syzygium paniculatum Brush cherry shrub Ilex 'Burfordii' Burford holly shrub Eucalypus conferruminata Bushy yate shrub Melaleuca quinquenervia Cajeput tree tree Pinus brutia Calabrian pine tree Schinus molle California pepper tree Zantedeschia sp. Calla herbaceous perennial Camelia japonica Camelia shrub Cinnamomun camphora Camphor tree Phoenix canariensis Canary Island palm tree Pinus canariensis Canary Island pine tree Caryota ochlandra Canton fishtail palm tree Tecoma capensis Cape honeysuckle shrub Plumbago auriculata Cape plumbago shrub Zamia furfuracea Cardboard palm shrub Cupaniopsis anacardioides Carrot wood tree Prunus illicifolia lyonii Catalina cherry shrub Michelia champaca Champaca tree Koelreuteria bipinnata Chinese flame tree tree Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Chinese hibiscus shrub Clivia miniata Clivia herbaceous perennial Westringia fruticosa Coast rosemary shrub Erythrina caffra Coral tree tree Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Posidedon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project HortScience, Inc. December 2005 Table A-2: Taxa encountered in 10 Carlsbad Landscapes, alphabetized by common name Scientific name Common name Plant type Cordyline australis Cordyline shrub Lagerstroemia indica Crape myrtle tree Ficus pumila Creeping fig vine Phoenix dactylifera Date palm tree Hemerocallis hybrids Daylily herbaceous perennial Dracena marginata Dracena shrub Senecio cineraria Dusty miller herbaceous perennial Eucalyptus globulus 'Compacta' Dwarf blue gum tree Baccharis'Twin Peaks' Dwarf coyote bush ground cover Vinca minor Dwarf periwinkle ground cover Dymondia margaretae Dymondia ground cover Hedera helix English ivy ground cover Escallonia x exoniensis 'Fradesii' Escallonia shrub Betula pendula European white birch tree Euryops pectinatus Euryops herbaceous perennial Pyrus kawakamii Evergreen pear tree Cuphea hyssopifolia False heather shrub Fragaria chiloensis False strawberry ground cover Podocarpus gracilior Fern pine tree Ficus lyrata Fiddleleaf fig tree Pyracantha hybrids Firethorn shrub Stenocarpus sinuatus Firewheel tree tree Phormium hybrids Flax herbaceous perennial Dietes iridioides Fortnight lily herbaceous perennial Wodyetai bifurcata Foxtail palm tree Gardenia angusta Gardenia shrub Gazania sp. Gazania ground cover Geranium sp. Geranium herbaceous perennial Teucrium x lucidrys Germander herbaceous perennial Strelitzia nicolai Giant bird of paradise herbaceous perennial Hedychium sp. Ginger lily herbaceous perennial Phyllostachys aurea Golden bamboo shrub Cassia excelsa Grown of gold tree tree Schefflera arboricola Hawaiian elf scheffflera herbaceous perennial Nandina domestica Heavenly bamboo shrub Prunus illicifolia lyonii Hollyleaf cherry tree Juniperus chinensis 'Torulosa' Hollywood juniper shrub Lonicera hildebrandiana Honeysuckle vine Bauhinia blakeana Hong Kong orchid tree tree Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea shrub Impatiens walleriana Impatiens annual Rhaphiolepis indica Indian hawthorn shrub Ficus microcarpa Indian laurel fig tree Cupressus sempervirens Italian cypress tree Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda tree Crassula ovata Jade herbaceous perennial Pinus thunbergii Japanese black pine tree Buxus microphylla japonica Japanese boxwood shrub Jasminum polyanthemum Jasmine vine Juniperus chinensis Juniper shrub Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Posidedon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project HortScience, Inc. December 2005 Table A-2: Taxa encountered in 10 Carlsbad Landscapes, alphabetized by common name Scientific name Common name Plant type Juniperus chinensis horizontalis Juniper ground cover Howea fosteriana Kentia palm tree Archontophoenix cunninhamiana King palm tree Rhapis excelsa Lady palm shrub Lantana camara Lantana shrub Lavandula sp. Lavender herbaceous perennial Rhus integrifolia Lemonade berry shrub Eucalyptus citriodora Lemon-scented gum tree Agapanthus africanus Lily of the Nile herbaceous perennial Liriope muscari Lily turf herbaceous perennial Lobelia erinus Lobelia annual Platanus x acerifolia London plane tree Podocarpus henkelii Long-leafed yellow wood shrub Eriobotrya japonica Loquat tree Eucalyptus viminalis Manna gum tree Arcthostaphylos Manzanita shrub Arbutus 'Marina' Marina madrone tree Chamaerops humilis Mediterranean fan palm shrub Brahea armata Mexican blue palm tree Washingtonia robusta Mexican fan palm tree Coprosma repens Mirror plant shrub Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey cypress tree Pinus radiata Monterey pine tree Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay fig tree Asparagus densiflorus 'Myers' Myers asparqagus herbaceous perennial Myoporum parvifolium Myoporum ground cover Myoporum laetum Myoproum shrub Myrtus communis Myrtle shrub Carissa macrocarpa Natal plum shrub Metrosideros excelsus New Zealand Christmas tree Leptospermum scoparium New Zealand tea tree tree Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island pine tree Nerium oleander Oleander shrub Olea europaea Olive tree Citrus sp. Orange, lemon tree Cymbidium sp. Orchid herbaceous perennial Thuja orientalis Oriental arborvitae shrub Myoporum laetum 'Pacificum' Pacific myoporum ground cover Cotoneaster lacteum Parney's cotoneaster shrub Pelargonium sp. Pelargonium herbaceous perennial Eucalyptus nicolii Peppermint gum tree Philodendron sp. Philodendron herbaceous perennial Photinia fraseri Photinia shrub Scabiosa columbaria Pincushion flower annual Calliandra haematocephala Pink powder puff shrub Pandorea jasminoides Pink trumpet vine vine Solanum jasminoides Potato vine vine Echium candicans Pride of Madeira herbaceous perennial Tibouchina urvilleana Princess flower shrub Dodonaea viscosa 'Purpurea' Pruple hopbush shrub Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Posidedon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project HortScience, Inc. December 2005 Table A-2: Taxa encountered in 10 Carlsbad Landscapes, alphabetized by common name Scientific name Common name Plant type Prunus cerasifera 'Atropururea' Purple leafed plum tree Phoenix robelenii Pygmy date palm tree Syagrus romanzoffianum Queen palm tree Schefflera actinophylla Queensland umbrella tree herbaceous perennial Pennisetum setaceum 'Rubrum' Red fountain grass herbaceous perennial Eucalyptus sideroxylon Red ironbark tree Eucalyptus ficifolia Red-flowering gum tree Cistus x purpureus Rock rose shrub Rosa cvs. Rose shrub Rosemarinus officinalis Rosemary ground cover Solanum rantonnetii 'Royal Robe' Royal robe solanum shrub Cycas revoluta Sago palm shrub Limonium perezii Sea lavender herbaceous perennial Juniperus conferta Shore juniper ground cover Grevillea robusta Silk oak tree Eucalyptus polyanthemos Silver dollar gum tree Tulbaghia violacea Society garlic herbaceous perennial Magnolia grandiflora Southern magnolia tree Tradescantia virginiana Spiderwort herbaceous perennial Asparagus densiflorus 'Sprengeri' Sprenger asparagus herbaceous perennial Trachelospermum jasminoides Star jasmine ground cover Psidium cattleianum Strawberry guava shrub Liquidambar styraciflua Sweetgum tree Nephrolepis sp. Sword fern herbaceous perennial Acacia longifolia Sydney golden wattle shrub Dicksonia antarctica Tasmamian tree fern herbaceous perennial Tipuana tipu Tipu tree tree Pittosporum tobira Tobira shrub Pinus torreyana Torrey pine tree Osteospermum fruiticosum Trailing African daisy ground cover Lantana montevidensis Trailing lantana ground cover Lavatera maritima Tree mallow shrub Neodypsis decari Triangle palm tree Euonymus japonicus 'Aureo-VariegatusVariegated euonymus shrub Pittosporum tobira 'Variegata' Variegated pittosporum shrub Verbena x hybrida Verbena herbaceous perennial Viburnum tinus Viburnum shrub Pittosporum undulatum Victorian box shrub Clytostoma callistegioides Violet trumpet vine vine Bacopa monnieri Water hyssop herbaceous perennial Ligustrum japonicum Wax-leaf privet shrub Callistemon viminalis Weeping bottlebrush shrub Ficus benjamina Weeping fig tree Pittosporum tobira 'Wheeleri' Wheeler's dwarf pittosporumshrub Alnus rhombifolia White alder tree Ceanothus gloriosis Wild lilac shrub Trachycarpus fortunei Windmill palm tree Xylosma congestum Xylosma shrub Podocarpus macrophyllus Yew pine tree Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Posidedon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project HortScience, Inc. December 2005 Appendix B Descriptions of Carlsbad Landscape Inventory Sites Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project Appendix B Descriptions of Carlsbad Landscape Inventory Sites Carlsbad landscape inventory Eleven sites within Carlsbad, ten landscapes and one nursery, were selected to represent the plant, soil and microclimate diversity present: Aviara , Tern Place Aviara Resort La Costa Rancho Carrillo area, Quintana, Rancho Bravado and Rancho Latigo, Paseo Jaquita Magee Park Garfield St. between Beech Ave. and Cypress Carlsbad City Hall Monroe St. between Westwood Dr. and Carlsbad Village Dr. Calaveras Hills, Chatham and Nantucket Ln. Mystic Point Miles Pacific Nursery A total of 200 taxa were recorded (see Appendix A for scientific and common names). For each plant a frequency rating 1-3 was assigned (1=one plant, 2=several plants, 3=many plants). Site frequency ratings for each species were summed for a total frequency rating. The maximum frequency rating possible was 30; the lowest, 1. Frequency ratings ranged from 1 to 28 (Fig. B-1). Almost half of the species were represented by only one or two plants. Fig. B-1: Frequency of occurrence of 200 taxa inventoried in ten Carlsbad landscapes. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1234567891012131415161720212328 Frequency of occurrenceNumber of species HortScience, Inc. B-2 December 20, 2005 Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project In addition the number of landscapes in which each species occurred was tallied (Fig. B- 2). Only 22 species (11%) occurred in five or more landscapes. Eighty-nine species (45%) occurred in only one landscape. Fig. B-2: The sum number of landscapes in which each of the 200 species occurred. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Species 12345678910 Landscapes Each of the 200 species was identified as occurring commonly, occasionally or infrequently in Carlsbad landscapes based on the number of landscapes and the relative frequency of occurrence in each landscape in which it occurred. Fifteen percent of the species occurred commonly in landscapes, 46% infrequently, and 39% occasionally. The thirty species that occurred commonly are the key plants that comprise Carlsbad landscapes (Table B-1). Descriptions of each site, the species present, and the frequency ratings for all species are provided following this text (pages B-5 through B-14). HortScience, Inc. B-3 December 20, 2005 Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project Table B-1: Landscape plants commonly occurring in 10 Carlsbad landscapes. Scientific Name Common Name Sum No. Frequency Landscapes Ratingsa Occurringb Agapanthus africanus Lily of the Nile 17 8 Bougainvillea sp. Bougainvillea 20 8 Camelia japonica Camelia 6 5 Dietes iridioides Fortnight lily 7 5 Escallonia x exoniensis 'Fradesii' Escallonia 9 5 Ficus microcarpa Indian laurel fig 9 5 Hedera helix English ivy 10 4 Hemerocallis hybrids Daylily 21 8 Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Chinese hibiscus 14 9 Leptospermum laevigata Australian tea tree 9 4 Ligustrum japonicum Wax-leaf privet 12 5 Melaleuca quinquenervia Cajeput tree 9 4 Nandina domestica Heavenly bamboo 8 5 Nerium oleander Oleander 8 4 Olea europaea Olive 9 4 Pandorea jasminoides Pink trumpet vine 7 5 Philodendron Philodendron 9 5 Phoenix robelenii Pygmy date palm 10 4 Phormium hybrids Flax 17 7 Photinia fraseri Photinia 13 5 Pittosporum tobira Tobira 9 4 Pittosporum tobira 'Variegata' Variegated pittosporum 10 5 Pittosporum tobira 'Wheeleri' Wheeler's dwarf 14 6 pittosporum Podocarpus gracilior Fern pine 9 4 Rhaphiolepis indica Indian hawthorn 28 10 Strelitzia nicolai Giant bird of paradise 13 5 Strelitzia reginae Bird of paradise 28 10 Syagrus romanzoffianum Queen palm 23 8 Trachelospermum jasminoides Star jasmine 16 7 Xylosma congestum Xylosma 15 6 aNumber of landscapes in which species was present; total 10 landscapes. bSum of frequency of occurrence at each site (1=one plant, 2=several plants, 3=many plants); 30 maximum. HortScience, Inc. B-4 December 20, 2005 Carlsbad Landscape Inventory Site 1: Aviara, Tern Place Common name Plant type Frequency* Lily of the Nile perennial 2 Lily turf perennial 2 Long-leafed yellow wood shrub 3 Myrtle shrub 1 Natal plum shrub 1 Orange, lemon tree 2 Pelargonium perennial 2 Philodendron perennial 2 Photinia shrub 1 Pink trumpet vine vine 1 Potato vine vine 1 Purple leafed plum tree 1 Pygmy date palm tree 3 Queen palm tree 3 Queensland umbrella tree perennial 2 Sago palm shrub 3 Society garlic perennial 2 Southern magnolia tree 1 Star jasmine ground cover 2 Tasmamian tree fern perennial 2 Variegated pittosporum shrub 1 Viburnum shrub 2 Violet trumpet vine vine 3 Wax-leaf privet shrub 2 Weeping bottlebrush shrub 1 Wheeler's dwarf pitto- sporum shrub 2 Site Description Landscape type: Residential landscapes Soils: Loamy alluvium; Corralitos loamy sand; Charleston fine sandy loam Irrigation: Potable water, primarily sprinklers Plants: 54 taxa present (see table) *Frequency of occurrence ratings: 1=one or two plants, 2=several plants, 3=many plants HortScience, Inc. Common name Plant type Frequency* Alstroemeria perennial 1 Angel-wing jasmine shrub 2 Australian tea tree shrub 2 Bird of paradise perennial 2 Blue dawn flower annual 1 Blue hybiscus shrub 1 Bougainvillea vine 2 Breath of heaven shrub 2 Burford holly shrub 1 Camelia shrub 1 Carrot wood tree 2 Chinese hibiscus shrub 2 Daylily perennial 3 English ivy ground cover 2 Escallonia shrub 2 European white birch tree 1 Euryops perennial 1 Evergreen pear tree 1 False strawberry ground cover 1 Fern pine tree 3 Flax perennial 3 Fortnight lily perennial 1 Heavenly bamboo shrub 1 Impatiens annual 2 Indian hawthorn shrub 3 Italian cypress tree 1 Jacaranda tree 3 King palm tree 2 B-5 Common name Plant type Frequency Aloe 2 Banana perennial 1 Bird of paradise perennial 3 Bottle tree tree 2 Bougainvillea vine 3 California pepper tree 1 Calla perennial 1 Champaca tree 1 Chinese hibiscus shrub 3 Clivia perennial 1 Coral tree tree 2 Date palm tree 3 Daylily perennial 3 Dwarf periwinkle ground cover 3 Flax perennial 3 Fortnight lily perennial 2 Geranium perennial 2 Giant bird of paradise perennial 3 Hawaiian elf scheffflera perennial 1 Indian hawthorn shrub 3 Indian laurel fig tree 2 Japanese boxwood shrub 2 Jasmine vine 2 Lantana shrub 2 Lily of the Nile perennial 3 Marina madrone tree 1 Aptenia ground cover 3 Norfolk Island pine tree 1 Orange, lemon tree 3 Orchid perennial 2 Philodendron perennial 3 Pink powder puff shrub 3 Pink trumpet vine vine 1 Pride of Madeira perennial 2 Princess flower shrub 1 Pygmy date palm tree 2 Queen palm tree 3 Queensland umbrella tree perennial 2 Sago palm shrub 2 Star jasmine ground cover 3 Strawberry guava shrub 1 Tasmamian tree fern perennial 2 Water hyssop perennial 3 Weeping fig tree 3 Xylosma shrub 3 Carlsbad Landscape Inventory Site 2: Four Seasons Resort Hotel Site Description Landscape type: Resort landscape Soils: Loamy alluvium; Corralitos loamy sand; Charleston fine sandy loam; Las Flores loamy fine sand Irrigation: Recycled water Plants: 46 taxa present (see table at right) *Frequency of occurrence ratings: 1=one or two plants, 2=several plants, 3=many plants HortScience, Inc. Entrance to resort B-6 Common name Plant type Frequency Acacia redolens ground cover 2 Angel-wing jasmine shrub 2 Bird of paradise perennial 3 Blood-red trumpet vine vine 2 Bougainvillea vine 3 Brazillian pepper tree 3 Brisbane box tree 3 Brush cherry shrub 1 Cajeput tree tree 2 Calabrian pine tree 2 Calla perennial 1 Canary Island pine tree 1 Canton fishtail palm tree 1 Cape plumbago shrub 1 Carrot wood tree 1 Chinese hibiscus shrub 3 Daylily perennial 3 English ivy ground cover 3 Escallonia shrub 2 Evergreen pear tree 1 Firethorn shrub 3 Flax perennial 2 Giant bird of paradise perennial 3 Hawaiian elf scheffflera perennial 1 Hollywood juniper shrub 2 Indian hawthorn shrub 3 Indian laurel fig tree 2 Italian cypress tree 1 Juniper shrub 3 Kentia palm tree 2 Lavender perennial 1 Lemon-scented gum tree 2 Lily of the Nile perennial 3 Lily turf perennial 2 London plane tree 3 Long-leafed yellow wood shrub 2 Mediterranean fan palm shrub 1 Mexican fan palm tree 1 Monterey pine tree 1 Myoproum shrub 2 Olive tree 1 Orange, lemon tree 3 Philodendron perennial 1 Pink trumpet vine vine 2 Pygmy date palm tree 2 Queen palm tree 3 Queensland umbrella tree perennial 1 Red ironbark tree 2 Rosemary ground cover 1 Silk oak tree 2 Southern magnolia tree 1 Star jasmine ground cover 3 Sweetgum tree 1 Trailing lantana ground cover 3 Tree mallow shrub 1 Wax-leaf privet shrub 3 Weeping bottlebrush shrub 2 White alder tree 2 Xylosma shrub 3 Carlsbad Landscape Inventory Site 3: La Costa Resort Site Description Landscape type: Resort landscapes Soils: Huerhuero-Urban Land Complex; Salinas clay loam, Placentia sandy loam near creek Irrigation: Potable water Plants: 60 taxa present (see table at right) *Frequency of occurrence ratings: 1=one or two plants, 2=several plants, 3=many plants HortScience, Inc. Entrance to resort pH 6.5 Salinity (ECe) 1.5 Calcium (me/l) 6.6 Magnesium (me/l) 4.1 Sodium (me/l) 4.7 Potassium (me/l) 0.8 Boron (ppm) 0.24 Sulfate (me/l) 7.6 Chloride (me/l) 4.1 Sodium adsorption ratio 2.0 Results of Soil Analysis Entrance median turf B-7 Carlsbad Landscape Inventory Site 4: Quintana, Carrillo Ranch, Rancho Bravado, Rancho Latigo, Paseo Jaquita Site Description Landscape type: Residential landscapes and common areas Soils: Las Posos stony fine sandy loam; Altamont clay; Huerhuero loam Irrigation: Potable water Plants: 53 taxa present (see table at right) *Frequency of occurrence ratings: 1=one or two plants, 2=several plants, 3=many plants HortScience, Inc. pH 7.2 Salinity (ECe) 2.4 Calcium (me/l) 17.2 Magnesium (me/l) 5.4 Sodium (me/l) 6.7 Potassium (me/l) 1.4 Boron (ppm) 0.15 Sulfate (me/l) 25.9 Chloride (me/l) 1.7 Sodium adsorption ratio 2.0 Results of Soil Analysis Carrillo Ranch Shrubs Common name Plant type Frequency Aloe perennial 2 Bird of paradise perennial 3 Bottle tree tree 2 Bougainvillea vine 3 Breath of heaven shrub 1 Brush cherry shrub 1 Cajeput tree tree 2 California pepper tree 2 Calla perennial 1 Canary Island pine tree 2 Canton fishtail palm tree 1 Chinese flame tree tree 1 Chinese hibiscus shrub 2 Crape myrtle tree 1 Daylily perennial 3 Dwarf coyote bush ground cover 2 European white birch tree 1 Evergreen pear tree 1 Flax perennial 3 Gazania ground cover 3 Heavenly bamboo shrub 1 Hydrangea shrub 1 Indian hawthorn shrub 3 Italian cypress tree 1 Jacaranda tree 2 Japanese boxwood shrub 1 Jasmine vine 2 King palm tree 2 Long-leafed yellow wood shrub 2 Mexican fan palm tree 2 Oleander shrub 1 Pelargonium perennial 2 Philodendron perennial 2 Photinia shrub 3 Pink trumpet vine vine 2 Purple leafed plum tree 2 Pygmy date palm tree 3 Queen palm tree 3 Red fountain grass perennial 1 Red-flowering gum tree 1 Rose shrub 2 Royal robe solanum shrub 2 Shore juniper ground cover 1 Star jasmine ground cover 3 Trailing lantana ground cover 3 Triangle palm tree 1 Variegated euonymus shrub 3 Variegated pittosporum shrub 3 Viburnum shrub 1 Violet trumpet vine vine 2 Wax-leaf privet shrub 3 Wheeler's dwarf pitto- sporum shrub 2 Wild lilac shrub 2 B-8 Common name Plant type Frequency Aleppo pine tree 1 Alstroemeria perennial 1 Australian tea tree shrub 1 Bald cypress tree 1 Bergenia perennial 1 Bird of paradise perennial 3 Blue fescue perennial 1 Blue margurite perennial 1 Bougainvillea vine 1 Brazillian pepper tree 1 California pepper tree 2 Camelia shrub 2 Catalina cherry shrub 1 Chinese hibiscus shrub 1 Date palm tree 1 Dusty miller perennial 1 Euryops perennial 1 Firewheel tree tree 1 Giant bird of paradise perennial 3 Ginger lily perennial 1 Indian hawthorn shrub 1 Indian laurel fig tree 1 Jade perennial 1 Japanese black pine tree 1 Lavender perennial 1 Lemonade berry shrub 1 Lobelia annual 1 Manna gum tree 3 Manzanita shrub 1 Mexican fan palm tree 1 Monterey cypress tree 2 Monterey pine tree 1 Myoproum shrub 1 N. Zealand Christmas tree 1 Norfolk Island pine tree 1 Olive tree 3 Photinia shrub 2 Pincushion flower annual 1 Rock rose shrub 1 Rose shrub 3 Rosemary ground cover 1 Sea lavender perennial 1 Spiderwort perennial 1 Sprenger asparagus perennial 1 Sword fern perennial 2 Tobira shrub 1 Torrey pine tree 3 Trailing African daisy ground cover 1 Variegated pittosporum shrub 1 Verbena perennial 1 Water hyssop perennial 1 Carlsbad Landscape Inventory Site 5: Magee Park Site Description Landscape type: City park Soils: Marina loamy sand Irrigation: Potable water, sprinklers Plants: 51 taxa present *Frequency of occurrence ratings: 1=one or two plants, 2=several plants, 3=many plants HortScience, Inc. pH 7.2 Salinity (ECe) 2.4 Calcium (me/l) 17.2 Magnesium (me/l) 5.4 Sodium (me/l) 6.7 Potassium (me/l) 1.4 Boron (ppm) 0.15 Sulfate (me/l) 25.9 Chloride (me/l) 1.7 Sodium adsorption ratio 2.0 Results of Soil Analysis Turf B-9 Common name Plant type Frequency Algerian ivy ground cover 2 Bird of paradise perennial 3 Blue dawn flower annual 1 Bougainvillea vine 2 Cajeput tree tree 2 Camelia shrub 1 Canary Island palm tree 1 Chinese hibiscus shrub 1 Crape myrtle tree 1 Daylily perennial 2 Euryops perennial 2 Flax perennial 2 Indian hawthorn shrub 3 Jade perennial 1 Lily of the Nile perennial 1 Manna gum tree 3 Myers asparqagus perennial 1 Myoproum shrub 1 Norfolk Island pine tree 2 Oleander shrub 2 Southern magnolia tree 1 Star jasmine ground cover 1 Sydney golden wattle shrub 2 Variegated euonymus shrub 2 Victorian box shrub 1 Wax-leaf privet shrub 1 Weeping fig tree 1 Wheeler's dwarf pitto- sporum shrub 2 Xylosma shrub 1 Carlsbad Landscape Inventory Site 6: Garfield St. between Beech Ave. and Cypress Site Description Landscape type: Residential landscapes Soils: Marina loamy sand Irrigation: Potable water Plants: 29 taxa present *Frequency of occurrence ratings: 1=one or two plants, 2=several plants, 3=many plants HortScience, Inc. B-10 Common name Plant type Frequency Acacia redolens ground cover 1 African sumac tree 2 Australian tea tree shrub 3 Australian willow tree 2 Bird of paradise perennial 3 Cajeput tree tree 3 Camelia shrub 1 Clivia perennial 2 Coast rosemary shrub 3 Dracena shrub 1 Dwarf blue gum tree 1 Escallonia shrub 2 False heather shrub 2 Fern pine tree 3 Flax perennial 2 Fortnight lily perennial 1 Gazania ground cover 2 Germander perennial 2 Giant bird of paradise perennial 3 Golden bamboo shrub 1 Indian hawthorn shrub 3 Juniper ground cover 2 Lady palm shrub 1 Lantana shrub 3 Lavender perennial 2 Lemon-scented gum tree 1 Loquat tree 1 Mexican fan palm tree 1 Myoporum ground cover 2 New Zealand tea tree tree 1 Pacific myoporum ground cover 3 Parney's cotoneaster shrub 1 Pride of Madeira perennial 3 Pruple hopbush shrub 1 Queen palm tree 3 Red ironbark tree 3 Rosemary ground cover 2 Sago palm shrub 2 Silver dollar gum tree 3 Society garlic perennial 2 Sprenger asparagus perennial 2 Star jasmine ground cover 2 Sydney golden wattle shrub 1 Tasmamian tree fern perennial 1 Tobira shrub 3 Weeping bottlebrush shrub 1 Wheeler's dwarf pitto- sporum shrub 3 Windmill palm tree 2 Carlsbad Landscape Inventory Site 7: City Hall Site Description Landscape type: Municipal landscape Soils: Marina loamy sand; Chesterson Urban Land Complex Irrigation: Potable water Plants: 48 taxa present *Frequency of occurrence ratings: 1=one or two plants, 2=several plants, 3=many plants HortScience, Inc. B-11 Carlsbad Landscape Inventory Site 8: Miles Pacific Nursery Site Description Wholesale nursery growing large containerized kentia palms, Chamaedorea palms and bird-of- paradise for indoor commercial landscapes. HortScience, Inc. B-12 Carlsbad Landscape Inventory Site 9: Monroe, east of Carlsbad Village Site Description Landscape type: Residential landscape Soils: Marina loamy sand Irrigation: Potable water Plants: 62 taxa present *Frequency of occurrence ratings: 1=one or two plants, 2=several plants, 3=many plants HortScience, Inc. Common name Plant type Frequency African boxwood shrub 2 Agave perennial 3 Bird of paradise perennial 2 Black bamboo shrub 1 Bougainvillea vine 3 Brazillian pepper tree 2 Brush cherry shrub 2 Canary Island pine tree 1 Canton fishtail palm tree 2 Cape honeysuckle shrub 2 Cardboard palm shrub 1 Carrot wood tree 1 Chinese hibiscus shrub 1 Cordyline shrub 2 Creeping fig vine 1 Daylily perennial 2 Dwarf blue gum tree 2 Dymondia ground cover 1 English ivy ground cover 2 Escallonia shrub 1 Euryops perennial 2 Evergreen pear tree 1 Fern pine tree 1 Fiddleleaf fig tree 1 Firethorn shrub 1 Fortnight lily perennial 1 Foxtail palm tree 2 Giant bird of paradise perennial 1 Heavenly bamboo shrub 1 Hollywood juniper shrub 1 Indian hawthorn shrub 3 Indian laurel fig tree 1 Italian cypress tree 1 Common name Plant type Frequency Jade perennial 1 Japanese black pine tree 1 Juniper shrub 2 King palm tree 2 Lily of the Nile perennial 2 Loquat tree 1 Mirror plant shrub 1 Oleander shrub 2 Olive tree 2 Photinia shrub 2 Pink trumpet vine vine 1 Purple leafed plum tree 1 Queen palm tree 2 Red fountain grass perennial 1 Rose shrub 1 Sea lavender perennial 2 Sprenger asparagus perennial 2 Star jasmine ground cover 2 Sweetgum tree 2 Sydney golden wattle shrub 1 Tobira shrub 3 Trailing African daisy ground cover 2 Tree mallow shrub 1 Variegated pittosporum shrub 2 Wax-leaf privet shrub 3 Weeping bottlebrush shrub 2 Weeping fig tree 2 Wheeler's dwarf pitto- sporum shrub 2 Xylosma shrub 2 B-13 Common name Plant type Frequency Acacia redolens ground cover 2 Australian tea tree shrub 3 Bird of paradise perennial 3 Brisbane box tree 2 Bushy yate shrub 1 California pepper tree 2 Camelia shrub 1 Camphor tree 2 Cape honeysuckle shrub 2 Carrot wood tree 2 Chinese hibiscus shrub 1 Clivia perennial 1 Daylily perennial 2 English ivy ground cover 3 False heather shrub 1 Fern pine tree 2 Firethorn shrub 1 Fortnight lily perennial 2 Gardenia shrub 1 Heavenly bamboo shrub 2 Honeysuckle vine 1 Hong Kong orchid tree tree 1 Indian hawthorn shrub 3 Juniper shrub 3 Lantana shrub 2 Lemon-scented gum tree 1 Lily of the Nile perennial 3 London plane tree 2 Olive tree 3 Oriental arborvitae shrub 1 Parney's cotoneaster shrub 3 Peppermint gum tree 3 Philodendron perennial 1 Photinia shrub 2 Purple leafed plum tree 2 Queen palm tree 3 Society garlic perennial 2 Sweetgum tree 2 Tipu tree tree 1 Tobira shrub 2 Variegated euonymus shrub 1 White alder tree 2 Xylosma shrub 3 Yew pine tree 2 Carlsbad Landscape Inventory Site 10: Calaveras Hills, Chatham St. Site Description Landscape type: Residential landscapes and common areas Soils: Highly graded light brown fine loamy sand and sandy clay loam Irrigation: Potable water Plants: 44 taxa present *Frequency of occurrence ratings: 1=one or two plants, 2=several plants, 3=many plants HortScience, Inc. pH 5.8 Salinity (ECe) 1.0 Calcium (me/l) 2.8 Magnesium (me/l) 2.0 Sodium (me/l) 5.1 Potassium (me/l) 0.3 Boron (ppm) 0.19 Sulfate (me/l) 5.7 Chloride (me/l) 2.0 Sodium adsorption ratio 3.3 Results of Soil Analysis Turf B-14 Common name Plant type Frequency Bird of paradise perennial 3 Bougainvillea vine 3 Brisbane box tree 3 Camphor tree 2 Cape honeysuckle shrub 3 Daylily perennial 3 Escallonia shrub 2 Flax perennial 2 Gazania ground cover 3 Heavenly bamboo shrub 3 Indian hawthorn shrub 3 Indian laurel fig tree 3 Japanese boxwood shrub 1 Lily of the Nile perennial 3 Moreton Bay fig tree 1 Oleander shrub 3 Photinia shrub 3 Queen palm tree 3 Southern magnolia tree 2 Variegated pittosporum shrub 3 Wheeler's dwarf pitto- sporum shrub 3 Xylosma shrub 3 Yew pine tree 3 Carlsbad Landscape Inventory Site 11: Mystic Point Site Description Landscape type: Residential landscapes and common areas Soils: Reddish brown sandy loam Irrigation: Potable water Plants: 23 taxa present *Frequency of occurrence ratings: 1=one or two plants, 2=several plants, 3=many plants HortScience, Inc. B-15 Appendix C Descriptions of Comparison Landscapes Results of soil and tissue analyses Livermore – Recycled water Davis – Potable water Carlsbad –Recycled water Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project HortScience, Inc. C-2 December 20, 2005 Appendix C Descriptions of Comparison Landscapes Results of soil and tissue analyses Because there is limited information on landscape species tolerance to boron and chloride, it was necessary to find existing landscapes that were irrigated with water containing the target concentrations of boron and chloride to assess plant performance. Target concentrations were 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 ppm boron and 100, 180, and 240 ppm chloride. In addition the landscapes at comparison locations needed to have species present common to Carlsbad landscapes, and be reasonably similar in soils and climate. We identified three comparison landscapes that met the selection criteria: ƒ Livermore, CA sites irrigated with recycled water, ƒ Carlsbad sites irrigated with recycled water, and ƒ Davis, CA sites irrigated with potable water The Livermore recycled water quality approximates the category 1 desalinated water for boron and category 2 for chloride. The Carlsbad recycled water quality is similar to the category 1 chloride and category 3 boron. The Davis potable water quality is comparable to the category 2 boron and category 3 chloride. Landscapes selected to represent the water quality at each location were: Livermore recycled water – Livermore Water Reclamation Facility, Livermore Airport, and Las Positas College campus Carlsbad recycled water – Poinsettia Park, Plaza Paseo Real, Grand Pacific Palisade Hotel and Karl Strauss Brewery Davis potable water – University of California Davis campus At each of the sites the following were performed: 1. Inventory landscape species present. 2. Rate appearance of boron and chloride damage exhibited by each species. Two ratings were applied Symptom ratings: 0 no symptoms 1 foliar chlorosis and/or necrosis, less than 10% of leaf 2 foliar necrosis, 10-25% of leaf 3 foliar necrosis, 25-50% of leaf 4 foliar necrosis >50%, defoliation, stem dieback 5 plant dead Appearance ratings (assessed 3' from plant): A plant appears normal, acceptable appearance B moderate; symptoms degrade appearance C unacceptable; symptoms severe Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project 3. Note factors affecting plant health and appearance and irrigation type. 4. Collect and analyze a minimum of three soil and tissue samples from selected species. For the Livermore site, samples were collected in the early and late summer to assess the change in boron and chloride concentrations through the primary irrigation season. 5. Photograph plants from which samples were collected. Description of Comparison Landscapes Descriptions of each of the comparison landscapes, results of soil and tissue analyses, and photographs of plants are provided following this text (pages C-5 through C-16). Plant assessment and soil and tissue analyses indicated a range in boron and chloride concentrations within and among sites and plant species. In general, boron concentrations were higher at the Davis and Livermore sites than at Carlsbad, and chloride concentrations where higher at the Carlsbad and Livermore sites than at Davis. This is consistent with the quality of the irrigation water at each site. Most landscape species at all sites exhibited no symptoms of chloride or boron damage. At each site, however, there were sensitive species that exhibited salt damage (Table C- 1). For instance, at the Davis site, approximately 110 species were examined, 16 exhibiting boron injury. No plants exhibited symptoms of stem dieback or death. At the Livermore sites boron and chloride concentrations were lower at the beginning of the irrigation season (late spring) compared to the end of summer (September). It is likely that winter rains leached the salts, lowering their concentration in the soil. New foliage produced in the spring would be expected to have lower concentrations of salts than at the end of the season. Salt injury symptoms on sensitive species were greater in the late summer than the earlier in the season. HortScience, Inc. C-3 December 20, 2005 Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project HortScience, Inc. C-4 December 20, 2005 Table C-1: Summary of plants exhibiting boron and/or chloride toxicity at comparison landscapes. Chloride and boron concentrations Comparison landscape Ave. water quality Max. tissue concentration Max. soil concentration Species exhibiting injury Livermore B: 1.1 ppm B: 1234 ppm B: 2.59 ppm White alder Recycled water Cl: 160 ppm Cl: 2.08% Cl: 536 ppm Purple leaf plum Escallonia Heavenly bamboo Lily-of-the-Nile London plane Crape myrtle Xylosma Photinia Rose Valley oak Davis B: 0.75 ppm B: 426 ppm B: 1.25 ppm Maidenhair tree Potable water Cl: 56 ppm Persimmon Hackberry Mulberry Linden Zelkova Fortnight lily Wisteria Rose Southern magnolia Red oak Sweet box American elm Abelia Ornamental strawberry English walnut Carlsbad B: 0.4 ppm Cl: 3.5% Cl: 530 ppm Escallonia Recycled water Cl: 240 ppm Lily-of-the-Nile Fortnight lily Evergreen ash Camphor Boston ivy Ornamental strawberry Trumpet vine Red ironbark Nicol’s peppermint Pygmy date palm Brisbane box Purple orchid tree Heavenly bamboo Pygmy date palm Heavenly bamboo. Species Sample Date Soil Analyses Tissue Analysis Plant Ratings Comments pH Ece Na B SAR Cl Na B Cl Symptoms Appearance mmhos/cm meq/l ppm meq/l ppm ppm % 1 Crape myrtle June 7.3 1.3 7.6 1.4 4.2 4.0 2600 137 0.85 2 B Soil dry. September 7.3 2.6 12.0 1.3 4.4 11.8 1400 2.08 3 C Soil very dry. June 7.1 1.8 9.3 1.6 4.3 4.8 3200 58 0.22 0 A Soil moist. September 7.2 2.6 13.4 1.4 5.5 12.7 11000 115 1.52 3 B Soil moist. 3 Xylosma June 7.5 2.1 13.3 2.4 6.8 7.9 600 213 0.75 1 A Tip burn. 1800 236 0.40 No tip burn. September 7.3 2.9 13.6 1.9 4.9 15.1 3600 256 1.52 2 A Soil dry. 2 Purple leaf plum L1—Livermore Water Reclamation Site Irrigated with Recycled Water Site Summary: ƒ Landscape has been irrigated with recycled water for approximately 10 years. ƒ Irrigation water, on average, contains 142 ppm Cl, 1.0 ppm B. ƒ Irrigation is by sprinklers. ƒ Salt injury symptoms were: 1-severe; 2-moderate; 3-slight. 1 2 3 HortScience, Inc. Species Sample Date Soil Analyses Tissue Analysis Plant Ratings Comments pH Ece Na B SAR Cl Na B Cl Symptoms Appearance mmhos/cm meq/l ppm meq/l ppm ppm % 4 Photinia June 1.3 0.8 7.7 0.8 5.1 4.0 1200 76 0.30 1 A Slight chlorosis on older foliage. September 7.4 2.5 10.5 0.9 3.9 14.8 1400 73 0.52 1 B Foliage hit by sprinkler June 7.7 1.9 10.1 1.7 5.2 7.4 x x x x x Foliar disease. September 7.7 2.6 16.9 2.6 8.7 14.0 2000 1234 0.92 2 B Soil very dry. 6 Escallonia June 7.4 1.6 9.9 1.4 5.9 6.8 2400 289 0.32 0 A Soil wet. September 7.3 3.0 18.8 1.9 7.9 14.8 3400 388 0.52 0 A Soil very wet; plants sheared. 5 Rose L2—Livermore Airport Irrigated with Recycled Water Site Summary: ƒ Landscape has been irrigated with recycled water for approximately 6 years. ƒ Irrigation water, on average, contains 142 ppm Cl, 1.0 ppm B. ƒ Irrigation is by sprinklers. ƒ Salt injury symptoms were: 4-low; 5-severe; 6-none. 4 5 6 HortScience, Inc. C-6 Species Sample Date Soil Analyses Tissue Analysis Plant Ratings Comments pH Ece Na B SAR Cl Na B Cl Symptoms Appearance mmhos/cm meq/l ppm meq/l ppm ppm % 7 Rhaphiolepis June 7.1 0.5 1.0 0.1 0.7 0.8 400 30 0.06 0 A Soil very dry. September 7.2 0.8 0.9 0.2 0.5 2.5 400 33 0.12 0 A Soil very dry. 8 Xylosma June 7.2 1.2 7.6 0.7 4.7 5.2 1000 127 0.76 1 A Soil moist. September 7.0 2.4 10.3 1.0 3.6 7.1 5000 217 0.72 1 A Soil moist. 9 Euonymus June 7.3 1.1 7.1 0.7 5.4 5.3 1200 43 0.59 0 A Powdery mildew September 7.7 2.2 11.0 1.0 4.8 13.1 600 45 0.58 0 A Soil moist; pow-dery mildew 10 Nandina June 7.3 1.3 8.1 0.8 5.5 5.6 2000 369 1.35 1 A Soil moist. September 7.0 1.7 4.4 0.8 1.6 4.9 1200 245 1.52 1 A Soil dry. 11 Star jasmine June 7.6 0.7 3.4 0.4 3.0 2.4 1200 41 0.41 0 A Soil dry. September 7.7 1.2 5.3 0.5 2.9 7.4 1000 78 0.22 0 A Soil dry. 12 Agapanthus June 7.2 1.1 6.4 0.8 4.1 4.3 1800 341 1.16 1 B Soil moisture variable. September 7.6 2.4 10.8 1.0 4.1 12.3 1400 691 1.42 3 C Soil moisture variable. L3—Las Positas College Irrigated with Recycled Water Site Summary: ƒ Landscape has been irrigated with recycled water for approximately 3 years. ƒ Irrigation water, on average, contains 142 ppm Cl, 1.0 ppm B. ƒ Irrigation is by sprinklers and bubblers. ƒ Because the site was large, six species were monitored. ƒ Salt injury symptoms: 7, 9, 11-none; 8,10-slight; 12-severe. HortScience, Inc. C-7 10 11 12 L3—Las Positas College Irrigated with Recycled Water 7 8 9 C-8 HortScience, Inc. Species Sample Date Soil Analyses Tissue Analysis Plant Ratings Comments pH Ece Na B SAR Cl Na B Cl Symptoms Appearance mmhos/cm meq/l ppm meq/l ppm ppm % 13 Rhaphiolepis June 6.8 0.6 2.1 0.2 1.7 0.7 400 29 0.06 A September 7.2 1.1 3.2 0.3 1.6 3.0 200 28 0.09 A Soil very dry. 14 Photinia June 7.6 0.5 1.6 0.1 1.3 0.3 200 31 0.29 A September 7.2 1.5 3.0 0.2 1.1 2.7 600 80 0.32 A Soil very dry. Italian alder L4—N. Canyons Parkway Irrigated with Potable Water Site Summary: ƒ Potable water quality range: Cl—52-130 ppm, B—0.17-0.92 ppm. ƒ Lack of irrigation affected plant appearance. 13 14 HortScience, Inc. C-9 Species Sample Date Soil Analyses Tissue Analysis Plant Ratings Comments pH Ece Na B SAR Cl Na B Cl Symptoms Appearance mmhos/cm meq/l ppm meq/l ppm ppm % 15 Xylosma June 6.9 1.4 2.7 0.5 1.2 5.5 200 57 0.55 A September 7.0 1.5 2.6 0.4 0.9 4.4 600 83 0.32 A Soil very dry. 16 June 7.4 1.2 3.7 0.3 1.6 1.0 1000 132 1.61 B Tip burn. June 2000 61 1.15 A No tip burn. Agapanthus September 7.0 2.8 5.7 0.5 1.5 8.3 1200 146 1.58 C Soil very dry. L5—Al Caffodio Park Irrigated with Potable Water 15 14 HortScience, Inc. Site Summary: ƒ Potable water quality range: Cl—52-130 ppm, B—0.17-0.92 ppm. ƒ Lack of irrigation affected plant appearance. C-10 Species Soil Analyses Tissue Analysis Plant Ratings Comments pH Ece Na B SAR Cl Na B Cl Symptoms Appearance mmhos/cm meq/l ppm meq/l ppm ppm % 1 Chinese hackberry 8.4 1.1 4.7 0.5 3.0 1.0 600 341 0.42 2 B Decree of injury sysmptoms varied. 2 Xylosma 8.5 1.1 5.3 0.9 3.1 5.1 600 436 0.34 1 A 3 Heavenly bamboo 7.8 1.6 4.4 0.5 1.8 3.4 2000 177 0.83 1 A Tip necrosis 7.8 1.6 4.4 0.5 1.8 3.4 400 89 0.37 No necrosis 4 Red oak 7.6 3.7 12.4 0.4 3.7 26.4 1200 286 0.30 3 B Young tree. 5 American elm 3400 426 0.82 1 A University of California, Davis Irrigated with Potable Water Site Summary: ƒ Irrigation water, on average, contains 0.75 ppm boron, less than 100 ppm chloride. ƒ Irrigation primarily is by sprinklers, bubblers, and by hand. ƒ Of 110 species examined in the landscape , 16 exhibited boron injury symptoms: maidenhair tree, persimmon, hackberry, mulberry, linden, zelkova, fortnight lily, wis-teria, rose, southern magnolia, red oak, sweet box, American elm, abelia, ornamental strawberry, and English walnut. HortScience, Inc. C-11 1 2 3 4 University of California, Davis Irrigated with Potable Water 5 HortScience, Inc. C-12 Species Soil Analyses Tissue Analysis Plant Ratings Comments pH Ece Na B SAR Cl Na B Cl Symptoms Appearance mmhos/cm meq/l ppm meq/l ppm ppm % 1 Indian hawthorn 6.6 2.6 11.5 0.77 3.8 14.7 800 29 0.22 0 A No symptoms. 2 Star jasmine 6.0 3 14.2 1.16 4.5 13.7 3000 62 0.86 0 A No symptoms. 3 Camphor 6.7 2.6 16.3 0.93 5.8 12.4 3200 63 1.59 1-3 A-C Condition variable. 4 Evergreen ash 1200 15 1.02 1-2 B Symptoms more severe where foliage hit by sprin-C1—Poinsettia Park, Carlsbad Irrigated with Recycled Water Site Summary: ƒ Irrigation water, on average, contains 240 ppm Cl, less than 0.5 ppm B. ƒ Irrigation is by sprinklers. ƒ Of 17 species in the landscape, 4 exhibited chloride injury: red ironbark, Nicol’s peppermint, evergreen ash and camphor. 1 2 3 HortScience, Inc. 4 C-13 Species Soil Analyses Tissue Analysis Plant Ratings Comments pH Ece Na B SAR Cl Na B Cl Symptoms Appearance mmhos/cm meq/l ppm meq/l ppm ppm % 1 Lily-of-the-Nile 6.7 3.2 18 0.52 5.4 15 2400 333 1.22 2 B Soil dry. 2 Bougainvillea 6.9 3.2 7 0.5 2.9 6.7 3600 59 2.92 0 A Soil dry. 3 Trumpet vine 7.2 1.8 9.5 0.26 4 8.0 600 57 1.62 1 B Soil moist. 4 Ornamental strawberry 7.2 1.8 9.5 0.26 4 8.0 600 96 1.98 2 C Soil dry. C2—Plaza Paseo Real, Carlsbad Irrigated with Recycled Water Site Summary: ƒ Irrigation water, on average, contains 240 ppm Cl, less than 0.5 ppm B. ƒ Irrigation is by sprinklers and bubblers. ƒ Of 52 species in the landscape, 5 exhibited chloride injury: lily-of-the-Nile, trumpet vine, ornamental strawberry, lily turf, and pygmy date palm. 1 2 3 HortScience, Inc. 4 C-14 Species Soil Analyses Tissue Analysis Plant Ratings Comments pH Ece Na B SAR Cl Na B Cl Symptoms Appearance mmhos/cm meq/l ppm meq/l ppm ppm % 1 Natal plum 6.7 1.7 8.7 0.52 3.9 8.2 400 33 1.62 0 A Excellent appearance 2 Star jasmine 7.3 1.9 10.9 0.47 4.7 8.1 2400 53 0.42 0 A Heavily sheared 3 Variegated tobira 7.5 1.9 10.1 0.56 4.2 8.2 1600 68 0.56 0 A On perimeter slope 4 Boston ivy 3200 36 3.52 4 C C3—Grand Pacific Palisade Hotel & Karl Strauss Brewery, Carlsbad Irrigated with Recycled Water Site Summary: ƒ Irrigation water, on average, contains 240 ppm Cl, less than 0.5 ppm B. ƒ Irrigation is by sprinklers and bubblers. ƒ Of 37 species in the landscape, 5 exhibited chloride injury: Brisbane box, Boston ivy, shrubby yew pine, Carolina laurel cherry, and white alder. 1 2 3 HortScience, Inc. 4 C-15 Species Soil Analyses Tissue Analysis Plant Ratings Comments pH Ece Na B SAR Cl Na B Cl Symptoms Appearance mmhos/cm meq/l ppm meq/l ppm ppm % 1 Heavenly bamboo 7.3 1.9 9 0.43 4.1 7 6400 76 4.48 3 C In entry median; soil dry. 2 Arbutus ‘Marina’ 6.8 2.2 9.9 0.5 4.2 10.9 2200 55 0.32 1 A Symptoms on old, lower leaves only. 3 Champaca 6.2 2.7 13 0.51 4.6 11.7 2000 106 1.98 3 C In raised bed by entrance. C4—Four Seasons Resort, Carlsbad Irrigated with Recycled Water Site Summary: ƒ Irrigation water, on average, contains 240 ppm Cl, less than 0.5 ppm B. ƒ Irrigation is by sprinklers and bubblers. ƒ Of 67 species in the landscape, 10 exhibited chloride injury: Lily-of-the-Nile, Clivia, Grevillea ’Noellii’, Arbutus ’Marina’, purple orchid tree, heavenly bamboo, cham-paca, Cymbidium, pygmy date palm, and Boston ivy. 1 2 3 HortScience, Inc. C-16 Appendix D Plant Appearance Assessment Tool and Results Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project Evaluation of Proposed Irrigation Water Quality on Carlsbad Landscapes Poseidon Resources/Carlsbad Desalination Project Appendix D Plant Appearance Assessment Tool and Results A plant appearance assessment tool was prepared that included 65 photographs of 35 plants with and without boron and chloride damage, from all comparison sites, and both close and distance views. On October 11, 17 of the Desalination Advisory Group members viewed each photograph and rated it as “acceptable”, “unacceptable”, or “no opinion”. Photographs and tally of ratings for each follows this text. People varied widely in how they assessed plant appearance (Table D-1). For instance, evaluator ‘K’ identified 62 photos acceptable; 1, unacceptable; and 3, no opinion. In contrast, evaluator ‘A’ identified 26 acceptable; 22, unacceptable; and 18, no opinion. Of the 65 plants assessed, 50 were considered to have acceptable appearance by 10 or more people; 7, unacceptable; and 8 had no majority. All plants were rated as acceptable when viewed from a distance. Plants viewed at close range that were identified as having unacceptable appearance had obvious brown, necrotic edges along the leaves. Plants that had no majority generally had slight browning. Leaf chlorosis (yellowing), which can be a symptom of chloride excess, was generally rated acceptable. Table D-1: Summary of ratings by 17 evaluators of plant appearance with and without boron and chloride damage at both close and distant views. Evaluator Number of Responses Acceptable Unacceptable No opinion A 26 22 18 B 39 8 19 C 61 5 0 D 50 5 11 E 39 26 1 F 43 21 2 G 40 16 10 H 33 32 1 I 50 16 0 J 43 22 1 K 62 1 3 L 52 13 1 M 50 12 4 N 60 1 5 O 43 19 4 P 51 12 3 Q 46 20 5 Average 46.4 14.8 5.2 HortScience, Inc. D-2 December 20, 2005 Carlsbad Plant Appearance Rating ToolSummary of Ratings by Desalination Advisory CommitteeOctober 11, 2005 What is an acceptable plant appearance for Carlsbad landscapes? Rating systemIndicate your opinion of the plant’s appearance by checking one: ‰Acceptable‰Unacceptable‰No opinion17 respondentsD-3 Carlsbad-recycledCl240 ppmB <0.5 ppm12 Acceptable4 Unacceptable1No opinion8Acceptable7Unacceptable2 No opinionD-4 Carlsbad-recycledCl240 ppmB <0.5 ppm4Acceptable12Unacceptable1 No opinion15Acceptable2Unacceptable0 No opinionD-5 Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm13Acceptable2Unacceptable2 No opinion3Acceptable14Unacceptable0 No opinionD-6 Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppmJune11Acceptable5Unacceptable1 No opinionAugust2Acceptable13Unacceptable2 No opinion11Acceptable4Unacceptable2 No opinionD-7 Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm7Acceptable9Unacceptable1 No opinion14Acceptable3Unacceptable0 No opinionD-88Acceptable8Unacceptable1 No opinion Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm13Acceptable3Unacceptable1 No opinion16Acceptable0Unacceptable1 No opinionD-9 Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm14Acceptable2Unacceptable1 No opinionD-1013Acceptable4Unacceptable0 No opinion8Acceptable2Unacceptable7 No opinion Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm7Acceptable10Unacceptable0 No opinion15Acceptable2Unacceptable0 No opinionD-11 Carlsbad-recycledCl240 ppmB <0.5 ppm16Acceptable0Unacceptable1 No opinionD-12 Carlsbad-recycledCl240 ppmB <0.5 ppm5Acceptable9 Unacceptable3 No opinion14Acceptable2Unacceptable1 No opinionD-13 Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm12Acceptable3Unacceptable2 No opinion6 Acceptable11Unacceptable0 No opinionD-14 Davis -PotableCl56 ppmB 0.75 ppm16Acceptable0Unacceptable1 No opinion14Acceptable1Unacceptable2 No opinionD-15 Carlsbad-recycledCl240 ppmB <0.5 ppm17 Acceptable0Unacceptable0 No opinion13Acceptable3Unacceptable1 No opinionD-16 Carlsbad-recycledCl240 ppmB <0.5 ppm16 Acceptable1 Unacceptable0 No opinion17Acceptable0Unacceptable0 No opinionD-17 Carlsbad-recycledCl240 ppmB <0.5 ppm16Acceptable1Unacceptable0 No opinion14Acceptable1Unacceptable2 No opinionD-18 Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm16Acceptable1 Unacceptable0 No opinion16Acceptable1 Unacceptable0 No opinionD-19 Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm16Acceptable1 Unacceptable0 No opinion17Acceptable0 Unacceptable0 No opinionD-20 Davis -PotableCl56 ppmB 0.75 ppm6Acceptable8 Unacceptable3 No opinion12Acceptable3 Unacceptable2 No opinionD-21 Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm16Acceptable1 Unacceptable0 No opinion15Acceptable1 Unacceptable1 No opinionD-22 Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm15Acceptable1 Unacceptable1 No opinion16Acceptable0 Unacceptable1 No opinionD-23 Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm12Acceptable3 Unacceptable2 No opinion0Acceptable15 Unacceptable2 No opinionD-24 Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm13Acceptable4 Unacceptable0 No opinion11Acceptable4 Unacceptable2 No opinionD-25 Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm15Acceptable1 Unacceptable1 No opinion1Acceptable14 Unacceptable2 No opinionD-26 Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppmD-2715 Acceptable2 Unacceptable0 No opinion15 Acceptable2 Unacceptable0 No opinion Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm17 Acceptable0 Unacceptable0 No opinion15 Acceptable1 Unacceptable1 No opinionD-28 Davis -PotableCl56 ppmB 0.75 ppm14Acceptable2 Unacceptable1 No opinion15Acceptable1 Unacceptable1 No opinionD-29 Carlsbad-recycledCl240 ppmB <0.5 ppm15Acceptable1 Unacceptable1 No opinion15Acceptable2 Unacceptable0 No opinionD-30 Carlsbad-recycledCl240 ppmB <0.5 ppm15Acceptable0 Unacceptable2 No opinion16Acceptable0 Unacceptable1 No opinionD-31 Carlsbad-recycledCl240 ppmB <0.5 ppm11Acceptable5 Unacceptable1 No opinion13Acceptable3 Unacceptable1 No opinionD-32 Livermore-potableCl52-100 ppmB .4-.5 ppm13Acceptable4 Unacceptable0 No opinion16Acceptable1Unacceptable0 No opinionD-33 Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm15Acceptable0 Unacceptable2 No opinion15Acceptable0 Unacceptable2 No opinionD-34 Livermore-recycledCl150 ppmB 1.1 ppm12Acceptable4 Unacceptable1 No opinion6Acceptable8Unacceptable2 No opinionD-35