HomeMy WebLinkAboutCB091318; Beckman Coulter Dock and Parking Lot; Storm Water Management Plan; 2009-10-01STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR
BECKMAN COULTER
DOCK ADDITION & PARKING LOT EXPANSION
JUNE 2009
REVISED OCTOBER 2009
Prepared For:
Beckman Coulter, Inc.
2470 Faraday Avenue
Carlsbad, CA 92010
Prepared By:
O'DAY CONSULTANTS, INC.
2710 Loker Avenue West, Suite 100
Carlsbad, CA 92010
J.N. 091257
Andrew J. Van Lo/'64573
Exp. 06/30/1 1
Table of Contents
Section 1.0 - Vicinity Map
Section 2.0 - Project Description
• Narrative of Project Activities
• Introduction of Storm Water Pollution Prevention
Section 3.0 - Site Map (pocket)
Section 4.0 - Pollutants and Conditions of Concern
Pollutants of Concern
• Name and Number of Carlsbad Watershed Hydrological Unit
Impaired Water Bodies Downstream of the Project and
Impairment
• San Diego Region Hydrologic Units, Areas, and Subareas
(Fig. 1-2)
• 2006 CWA 303 (d) List of Water Quality Limited Segments
• Storm Water Standards Questionnaire (Appendix A)
• Standard Development Project & Priority Project Storm
Water BMP Requirements Matrix (Table 1)
• Anticipated and Potential Pollutants Generated by Land Use
Type (Table 2)
Section 5.0 - LID Site Design BMPs
• Vegetated Swales (TC-30)
Section 6.0 - Source Control BMPs
Fact Sheets for:
• Efficient Irrigation (SD-12)
• Storm Drain Signage (SD-13)
Section 7.0 - BMPs for Individual Priority Project Categories
• Fact Sheets for BMPs -
Including Inspection, Maintenance, Costs and Training for:
• Vegetated Swales (TC-30)
Section 8.0 - Structural Treatment BMPs
• Numeric Sizing Treatment Standards (Table 3)
« Structural Treatment Control BMP Selection Matrix (Table 4)
• BMP Sizing Calculations Spreadsheet
• BMP Sizing Areas Exhibit (pocket)
Section 9.0 - Post Construction BMPs Maintenance Cost Responsibilities
l:\091257\SUSMP\Dock Addition - Parking LotVTOC Beckman 091257.doc
SECTION 1.0
CITY OF ^ OCEANSIDE
HIGHWAY
CITY OF
SAN MARCOS
PACIFIC
OCEAN
CITY OF ENCINITAS
VICINITY MAP
NO SCALE
SECTION 2.0
Section 2.0
Project Description
The two projects are located at 2470 Faraday Avenue (north side of Faraday west of
Orion Street) in the City of Carlsbad, California. The proposed parking lot expansion is
to be located on the west side of an existing industrial lot owned and operated by
Beckman Coulter. The proposed dock addition portion of the project is located to the
east of the existing buildings behind the security gate at the east side of the property.
Existing site features in the region of the parking lot expansion consist of an asphalt
driveway leading off of Faraday Avenue to the north and then immediately east towards
an existing parking lot. An existing building is located north of the parking area and a
lawn, planting area, trees, boulders and other landscaping features are to the southwest
of the building, west of the parking area, and north of the driveway. A majority of the
drainage from these areas flows to the southeast into an existing concrete swale
towards an existing Type 'F' catchbasin that collects the stormwater and directs it into
the public storm drainage system in the Faraday Avenue right-of-way. However, some
existing stormwater flows generated by the existing driveway are not collected on site
and drain to the curb and gutter running along the north side of Faraday Avenue.
Additionally, an existing sewer line runs north-south under the existing landscaping out
towards the public right-of-way.
Existing site features in the region of the proposed dock addition consist of an existing
elevated dock located north of the proposed addition and existing concrete and asphalt
pavement sloping to the east down to an existing concrete drainage swale that drains to
the north. All stormwater generated by this portion of the project is collected on site.
The proposed construction of the parking lot expansion will consist improvements into
the existing landscaped area as well as removal of the existing driveway cut in the
Faraday Avenue right-of-way and replacement with an alley-type driveway. Grading
operations for these improvements will mostly follow the existing ground contours due to
the need to match closely to existing grades on all four sides of the construction area.
Drainage from the improved area will mostly (90%) flow into vegetated swales
incorporated into the plantable space located between the drive aisles and parking
spaces to facilitate a Low-Impact Design approach. Once routed through these swales,
the stormwater will be collected and directed to the existing Type 'F' catchbasin via
underground piping. The remainder of the flows (10%) not routed through the
vegetated swales will either be collected by the Type 'F catchbasin or will continue on
into the Faraday Avenue right-of-way due to the inability to grade back towards the
LID's.
All surface run-off and storm water collected by the proposed drainage system will
ultimately connect to existing City of Carlsbad storm drains in the public right of way,
eventually discharging into Agua Hedionda Creek which flows into Agua Hedionda
Lagoon and then the Pacific Ocean.
The proposed construction of the dock addition will occur entirely on previously
developed and paved areas. The new covered dock will be built on top of what was
previously a concrete slab subject to heavy truck and vehicular traffic and the new
concrete slab and associated asphalt pavement designed to match the improvements to
existing grade will be constructed on top of what used to be entirely impervious paved
asphalt driveway that was also subject to vehicular traffic. In short, none of this project
will generate any additional pollutants that weren't already present as part of the
previous configuration.
Storm Water Pollution Prevention
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Federal, state and local agencies have established goals and objectives for
storm water quality in the region. The proposed project, prior to the start of
construction activities, will comply with all federal, state and local permits
including the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) from the
Regional Water Quality Control Board and the erosion control requirements from
the City of Carlsbad grading ordinance. Compliance with the NPDES will require
the applicant to file a Notice of Intent (NOI) with the State Water Quality Control
Board (SWQCB), apply Best Management Practices (BMPs) and develop a
storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP).
(See the attached Water Quality Control Board Order No. R9-2007-0001)
This Storm Water Management Plan will provide guidelines in developing and
implementing best management practices (BMPs) for storm water quality. These
include both source control BMPs and treatment control BMPs. Source control
BMPs prevent contact between the storm water and the pollution source.
Treatment control BMPs are those that treat the storm water to remove the
pollutant.
2.0 PROJECT BMP PLAN IMPLEMENTATION
The proposed project can be broken down into two distinct phases: construction
and post construction. Construction would be the period when the project is
being graded and all improvements shown on the grading plans are being
installed. These include the graded lot, construction of the curbs, gutters,
sidewalks and paving of the parking area, and the landscaping and irrigation of
all slopes, planters, and LID's.
Post construction would occur starting when all the final improvements are being
installed (additional landscaping, striping, etc.) and continuing on after
occupancy.
2.1 Phase 1. Construction
The greatest potential for short-term water quality impacts to the drainage basin
would be expected during and immediately following the grading and
construction phases of the project when cleared and graded areas are exposed
to rain and storm water run off. Improperly controlled runoff could result in
erosion and sediment transportation into the existing drainage basin. During
construction, the objectives for implementing BMPs as described in the
"California Storm Water Best Management Practice Handbook", are for the
following: practice good housekeeping, contain waste, minimize disturbed areas,
stabilize disturbed areas, protect slopes and channels, control site perimeter and
control internal erosion. To mitigate storm water pollution, mostly sediment,
during construction, both BMPs for contractor activities and BMPs for erosion
and sedimentation shall be used.
BMPs for contractor activities include the following:
Managing dewatering and paving operations.
Management of material delivery, use and storage.
Spill prevention and control.
Waste management for solid, hazardous and sanitary waste,
contaminated soil, concrete.
Vehicle and equipment cleaning, fueling and maintenance.
Contractor, employee and subcontractor training.
Refer to SWPPP dated JUNE 2009 and REVISED OCTOBER 2009
BMPs for erosion and sedimentation control include the following:
Vegetative stabilization such as mulching.
Physical stabilization such as dust control, geotextiles and mats, and
stabilized construction entrance.
Diversion of run-off using earth dikes, temporary swales and drains.
Velocity reduction using outlet control, check dams and slope roughening.
Sediment trapping using silt fence, gravel bag barrier, inlet protection,
sediment traps and basins.
2.2 Phase 2. Post Construction
Of the two phases the post construction phases should generate the least
amount of urban pollutants, sediment and erosion. The pollutants most likely to
be generated during this phase will be sediment, nutrients, heavy metals, trash
and debris, oxygen demanding substances, oil and grease, pesticides and
fertilizers.
The post construction phase begins when grading has been completed, slopes
have been landscaped and irrigated and the storm drain system basins have
been installed. During this phase a combination of the following source and
treatment control BMPs shall be implemented.
Source Control BMPs
Street/storm drain maintenance BMP Nos. SC-43 & SC-44
Non storm water discharge to drains BMP No. SC-10
Waste handling and disposal BMP No. SC-34
Landscaping and grounds maintenance BMP Nos. 14, 15, 16 & SC-41
Note: BMP Numbers are per the Section 2.3.3 of the City of Carlsbad SUSMP or
per CABMP Handbook ('SC-XX' Numbers)
Treatment Control BMPs (Applies to Parking Area Expansion Only)
Vegetated swales BMP No. TC-30
3.0 CONCLUSION
This Storm Water Management Plan has been prepared to define potential Best
Management Plan (BMP) options, or schemes, that satisfy the requirements
identified in the following documents: 1) City of Carlsbad Engineering Standards
Volume 4, Stormwater Standards Manual and the City's current SUSMP,
Carlsbad 2) Carlsbad Municipal Code Stormwater Management and Discharge
Control Ordinance. 3) Standard Specifications for Public Works Construction 4)
NPDES General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with
Construction Activity issued by the State Water Resources Control Board under
Order No. CAS0108758, and 5) Water Quality Control Board, San Diego Region,
Order No. R9-2007-0001 for the Waste Discharge Requirements for Discharges
of Urban Runoff.
Specifically, this report includes the following: 1) BMP options for the Project, and
2) BMP device information for the Project options.
SECTION 3.0
SECTION 4.0
Section 4.0
Pollutants of Concern
Based upon the Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin (9), the site is
located in the Hydrologic Unit 904.31 (the Los Monos Hydrologic Subarea of the overall
Agua Hedionda Hydrologic Area)
The 2006 California 303 (d) lists Agua Hedionda Creek and Lagoon as having high
levels of manganese, selenium, sulfates, total dissolved solids, indicator bacteria and
sedimentation/siltation. (See attached)
GRAPHIC SCALE
0 4 SMILES
LEGEND
DRAINAGE PROVINCE BOUNDARY
HYDROLOGIC UNIT BOUNDARY
HYDROLOGIC AREA BOUNDARY
HYDROLOGIC SUBAREA BOUNDARY
FIGURE 1-2. SAN DIEGO REGION HYDROLOGIC UNITS
AREAS, AND SUBAREAS
FIGURE 1-2
1 - 7 Seotember 8. 1994
on which lies totally within the Camp Pendleton
al Reservation of the U.S. Marine Corps. The
ugh at the mouth of the river is normally closed
off from the ocean by a sandbar.
The major surface water storage areas are Vail Lake
and O'Neill Lake. Annual precipitation ranges from
less than 12 inches near the coast to more than 45
inches inland near Palomar mountain.
The San Margarita Hydrologic Unit is comprised of
the following nine hydrologic areas; the Ysidora,
Deluz, Murrieta, Auld, Pechanga, Wilson, Cave
Rocks, Aguanga, and Oak Grove Hydrologic Areas.
San Luis
(3.00)
Rey Hydrologic Unit
San Luis Rey Hydrologic Unit is a rectangular area of
about 565 square miles, and includes the population
centers of Oceanside, and Valley Center, and
portions of Fallbrook and Camp Pendleton. oln
addition there are several Indian reservations in the
unit. The major stream system, the San Luis Rey
Ri»«tr, is interrupted by Lake Henshaw, one of the
1 it water storage areas in the San Diego Region.
;*ual precipitation is heavier than in other units,
' ;ing from less than 12 inches near the ocean to
> inches near Palomar mountain.
The San Luis Rey Unit contains two coastal lagoon
areas, the mouth of the San Luis Rey River and
Loma Alta Slough. The mouth of the San Luis Rey
River is entirely within the city of Oceanside and is
adjacent to the city's northern boundary. The
slough area at the mouth of the river is contiguous
with Oceanside harbor. Loma Alta Slough is entirely
within the city of Oceanside and is the mouth of
Loma Alta Creek. The slough is normally blocked off
from the ocean by a sandbar.
The San Luis Rey Hydrologic Unit is comprised of
the following three hydrologic areas; the Lower San
Luis, Monserate and Warner Valley Hydrologic areas.
Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit (4,00)
Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit is a roughly triangular-
shaped area of about 210 square miles, extending
from Lake Wohlford on the east to the Pacific ocean
o '->e west, and from Vista on the north to Cardiff-
.^^le-Sea on the south. The unit includes the cities
Oceanside, Carlsbad, Leucadia, Encinitas,
Jiff-by-the-Sea, Vista, and Escondido. The area
.^ drained by Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, San
Marcos and Escondido creeks.
The Carlsbad Unit contains four major coastal
lagoons; Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, Batiquitos
and San Elijo. Buena Vista lies between the cities of
Carlsbad and Oceanside, and is partially within each
city. A sandbar occasionally forms across the
mouth forming an ocean beach. The water level in
the lagoon is maintained by an inflow of rising
groundwater and return irrigation water from the
area upstream on Vista Creek. A portion of the
lagoon has been designated as a bird sanctuary.
Agua Hedionda Lagoon, at the mouth of Agua
Hedionda Creek, is within the city of Carlsbad. The
lagoon is routinely dredged to keep it open to the
ocean. The lagoon serves as an integral part of a
utility's power plant cooling water intake system and
also provides a reserve cooling water supply. The
easterly portion of the lagoon is used for water
oriented recreation.
Batiquitos Lagoon, at the mouth of San Marcos
Creek, enters the Pacific Ocean between the city of
Carlsbad and the unincorporated community of
Leucadia. San Elijo Lagoon is the tidal marsh at the
mouth of Escondido Creek. The marsh is normally
closed off from the ocean but is subject to tidal
fluctuations.
The Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit is comprised of the
following six hydrologic areas; the Loma Alta, Buena
Vista Creek, Agua Hedionda, Encinas, San Marcos
and Escondido Creek Hydrologic Areas.
San Dieguito Hydrologic Unit (5.00)
San Dieguito Hydrologic Unit is a rectangular-shaped
area of about 350 square miles. It includes the San
Dieguito River and its tributaries, along with Santa
Ysabel and Santa Maria creeks.
The unit contains two major reservoirs - Lake
Hodges and Sutherland, and a smaller facility, the
San Dieguito Reservoir.
The unit contains one coastal lagoon, the San
Dieguito Slough, located at the mouth of the San
Dieguito River, which forms the northerly edge of
the city of Del Mar. The lagoon is normally closed
off from the ocean by a sandbar.
The San Dieguito Hydrologic Unit is divided into five
hydrologic areas; the Solana Beach, Hodges, San
Pasqual, Santa Maria Valley and Santa Ysabel
Hydrologic Areas.
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STORM WATER
STANDARDS Development Services
dIANUAKUd Engineering Department
CITY OF QUESTIONNAIRE 1635 Faraday Avenue
V^AKLODALJ E-34 www.earlsbadca.gov
INSTRUCTIONS:
This questionnaire must be completed by applicant in advance of submitting for a development application (subdivision
and land use planning approvals and construction permits). The results of the questionnaire determine the level of
storm water pollution prevention standards applied to a proposed development or redevelopment project. Many
aspects of project site design are dependent upon the storm water pollution protection standards applied to a project.
Applicant responses to the questionnaire represent an initial assessment of the proposed project conditions and
impacts. City staff has responsibility for making the final assessment after submission of the development application.
A staff determination that the development application is subject to more stringent storm water standards than initially
assessed by the applicant, will result in the return of the development application as incomplete.
If applicants are unsure about the meaning of a question or need help in determining how to respond to one or more of
the questions, they are advised to seek assistance from Engineering Department Development Services staff.
A separate completed and signed questionnaire must be submitted for each new development application submission.
Only one completed and signed questionnaire is required when multiple development applications for the same project
are submitted concurrently. In addition to this questionnaire, applicants for construction permits must also complete,
sign and submit a Construction Activity Storm Water Standards Questionnaire.
To address pollutants that may be generated from new development, the city requires that new development and
significant redevelopment priority projects incorporate Permanent Storm Water Best Management Practices (BMPs)
into the project design, which are described in Section 2 of the city's Storm Water Standards Manual This
questionnaire should be used to categorize new development and significant redevelopment projects as priority or
non-priority, to determine what level of storm water standards are required or if the project is exempt.
I 1. Is your project a significant redevelopment? " . I
Definition:
Significant redevelopment is defined as the creation or addition of at least 5,000 square feet of impervious surface
on an already developed site.
Significant redevelopment includes, but is not limited to: the expansion of a building footprint; addition to or
replacement of a structure; structural development including an increase in gross floor area and/or exterior
construction remodeling; replacement of an impervious surface that is not part of a routine maintenance activity; and
land disturbing activities related with structural or impervious surfaces. Replacement of impervious surfaces includes
any activity that is not part of a routine maintenance activity where impervious material(s) are removed, exposing
underlying soil during construction.
Note: If the Significant Redevelopment results in an increase of less than fifty percent of the impervious surfaces of a
previously existing development, and the existing development was not subject to SUSMP requirements, the numeric
sizing criteria discussed in Section F.1.b. (2)(c) applies only to the addition, and not to the entire development.
2. If your project IS considered significant redevelopment, then please skip Section 1 and proceed with Section 2.
3. If your project IS NO T considered significant redevelopment, then please proceed to Section 1.
E-34 Page 1 of 3 REV 8/12/09
CITY OF
CARLSBAD
STORM WATER
STANDARDS
QUESTIONNAIRE
E-34
Development Services
Engineering Department
1635 Faraday Avenue
760-602-2750
www.carlsbadca.gov
SECTION 1
NEW DEVELOPMENT
PRIORITY PROJECT TYPE
Does you project meat one or more of the following criteria:
1. Home subdivision of 100 units or more.
Includes SFD, MFD, Condominium and Apartments
2. Residential development of 10 units or more.
Includes SFD. MFD, Condominium and Apartments
3. CorrjOTerc/a./ and industrial develooment areater than 100.000 sauare foot includina Barking areas,
Any. development on private land that is not for heavy industrial or residential uses. Example: Hospitals,
Hotels, Recreational Facilities, Shopping Malls, etc.
4. Heavy Industrial / Industry Creator than 1 acre (NEED SIC CODES FOR PERMIT BUSINESS TYPES)
SIC codes 5013. 5014, 5541, 7532-7534, and 7536-7539
5. Automotive repair shop.
SIC codes 5013. 5014. 5541, 7532-7534, and 7536-7539
6. >\ New Retfaurant where the land area of devetooment is $.000 sauare feet or more Includina Barking areas.
SIC code 5812
7. Hillside development
(1) greater than 5,000 square feet of impervious surface area and (2) development will grade on any natural
slope that Is 25% or greater
3. Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA).
Impervious surface of 2,500 square feet or more located within, "directly adjacent"2 to (within 200 feet), or
"discharging directly to"3 receiving water within the ESA1
9. Parking lot.
Area of 5,000 square feet or more, or with 15 or more parking spaces, and potentially exposed to urban runoff
10. Retafl Gasoline Outlets- servina more than 100 vehicles ffSTJ&K-
Serving more than 100 vehicles per day and greater than 5,000 square feet
11. Streets, roads, highways, and freeways.
Project would create a new paved surface that is 5,000 square feet or greater.
12. Coastal Development Zone.
Within 200 feet of the Pacific Ocean and (1) creates more than 2500 square feet of impermeable surface or (2)
Increases impermeable surface on property by more than 10%.
YES NO
1 ESA (Environmentally Sensitive Areas) include but are not limited to all Clean Water Act Section 303(d) impaired water bodies;
areas designated as Areas of Special Biological Significance by the State Water Resources Control Board (Water Quality Control
Plan for the San Diego Basin (1994) and amendments); water bodies designated with the RARE beneficial use by the State Water
Resources Control Board (Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin (1994) and amendments); areas designated as
preserves or their equivalent under the Multi Species Conservation Program within the Cities and County of San Diego; and any
other equivalent environmentally sensitive areas which have been identified by the co-permittees.
2 "Directly adjacent" means situated within 200 feet of the environmentally sensitive area.
3 "Discharging directly to" means outflow from a drainage conveyance system that is composed entirely of flows from the subject
development or redevelopment site, and not commingled with flow from adjacent lands.
Section 1 Results:
If you answered YES to ANY of the questions above you have a PRIORITY project and PRIORITY project requirements DO apply.
A Storm Water Management Plan, prepared in accordance with City Storm Water Standards, must be submitted at time of
application. Please check the "MEETS PRIORITY REQUIREMENTS" box in Section 3.
If you answered NO to ALL of the questions above, then you are a NON-PRIORITY project and STANDARD requirements apply.
Please check the "DOES NOT MEET PRIORITY REQUIREMENTS" box in Section 3.
E-34 Page 2 of 3 REV 8/12/09
CITY OF
CARLSBAD
STORM WATER
STANDARDS
QUESTIONNAIRE
E-34
Development Services
Engineering Department
1635 Faraday Avenue
760-602-2750
www.carlsbadca .gov
SECTION 2
SIGNIFICANT REDEVELOPMENT:
1 . If the existing development was constructed today, would it qualify as a priority project? (Priority projects are
defined in Section 1)
YES
X
NO
If you answered YES, please proceed to question 2.
If you answered NO, then you ARE NOT a significant redevelopment and you ARE NOT subject to PRIORITY project requirements,
only STANDARD requirements. Please check the "DOES NOT MEET PRIORITY REQUIREMENTS' box in Section 3 below.
2. Is the project solely limited to one of the following:
a. Trenching and resurfacing associated with utility work?
b. Resurfacing and reconfiguring existing surface parking lots?
c. New sidewalk construction, pedestrian ramps, or bike lane on public and/or private existing roads?
d. Replacement of existing damaged pavement?
X
X
X
><:
If you answered NO to ALL of the questions, then proceed to Question 3.
If you answered YES to ONE OR MORE of the questions then you ARE NOT a significant redevelopment and you ARE NOT subject to
PRIORITY project requirements, only STANDARD requirements. Please check the "DOES NOT MEET PRIORITY REQUIREMENTS"
box In Section 3 below.
3. Will the development create, replace, or add at least 5,000 square feet of impervious surfaces on an existing
development, or be located within 200 feet of the Pacific Ocean and (1) create more than 2500 square feet of
impermeable surface or (2) increase impermeable surface on property by more than 10%?X
If you answered YES, you ARE a significant redevelopment and you ARE subject to PRIORITY project requirements. Please check
the "MEETS WITH REQUIREMENTS" box in Section 3 below.
If you answered NO, you ARE NOT a significant redevelopment, and you ARE NOT subject to PRIORITY project requirements, only
STANDARD requirements. Please check the 'DOES NOT MEET PRIORITY REQUIREMENTS" box in Section 3 below.
SECTION 3
Questionnaire Results;
a
MY PROJECT MEETS PRIORITY REQUIREMENTS. MUST COMPLY WITH PRIORITY PROJECT STANDARDS AND MUST
PREPARE A STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR SUBMITTAL AT TIME OF APPLICATION.
MY PROJECT DOES NOT MEET PRIORITY REQUIREMENTS AND MUST ONLY COMPLY WITH STANDARD STORM
WATER REQUIREMENTS.
Applicant Information and Signature Sox
Address:Assessor's Parcel Number(s):
Applicant Name:
Applicant Signature:
Applicant Title:
Date:
Thfs Box for City Use
City Concurrence:
By:
Date.
Project ID:
E-34 Page 3 of 3 REV 8/12/09
APPENDIX A
STORM WATER STANDARDS QUESTIONNAIRE
INSTRUCTIONS:
This questionnaire must be completed by the applicant in advance of submitting for a development application
(subdivision and land use planning approvals and construction permits). The results of the questionnaire determine
the level of storm water pollution prevention standards applied to a proposed development or redevelopment
project. Many aspects of project site design are dependent upon the storm water pollution protection standards
applied to a project.
Applicant responses to the questionnaire represent an initial assessment of the proposed project conditions and
impacts. City staff has responsibility for making the final assessment after submission of the development
application. A staff determination that the development application is subject to more stringent storm water
standards, than initially assessed by the applicant, will result in the return of the development application as
incomplete.
If applicants are unsure about the meaning of a question or need help in determining how to respond to one or
more of the questions, they are advised to seek assistance from Engineering Department Development Services
staff.
A separate completed and signed questionnaire must be submitted for each new development application
submission. Only one completed and signed questionnaire is required when multiple development applications for
the same project are submitted concurrently. In addition to this questionnaire, applicants for construction permits
must also complete, sign and submit a Construction Activity Storm Water Standards Questionnaire.
To address pollutants that may be generated from new development, the City requires that new development and
significant redevelopment priority projects incorporate Permanent Storm Water Best Management Practices
(BMPs) into the project design, which are described in Chapter 2 of the City's Storm Water Standards Manual This
questionnaire should be used to categorize new development and significant redevelopment projects as priority or
non-priority, to determine what level of storm water standards are required or if the project is exempt.
1. Is your project a significant redevelopment?
Definition:
Significant redevelopment is defined as the creation, addition or replacement of at least 5,000 square feet of
impervious surface on an already existing developed site.
Significant redevelopment includes, but is not limited to: the expansion of a building footprint; addition to or
replacement of a structure; structural development including an increase in gross floor area and/or exterior
construction remodeling; replacement of an impervious surface that is not part of a routine maintenance activity;
and land disturbing activities related with structural or impervious surfaces. Replacement of impervious surfaces
includes any activity that is not part of a routine maintenance activity where impervious material(s) are removed,
exposing underlying soil during construction.
Note: If the Significant Redevelopment results in an increase of less than fifty percent of the impervious surfaces of
a previously existing development, and the existing development was not subject to SUSMP requirements, the
numeric sizing criteria discussed in Table 3 of 2.3.3.4 applies only to the addition, and not to the entire
development.
2. If your project IS considered significant redevelopment, then please skip Section 1 and proceed with Section
2.
3. If your project IS NOT considered significant redevelopment, then please proceed to Section 1.
S\\ \IPRcv 6 4 OX
SECTION 1
NEW DEVELOPMENT
PRIORITY PROJECT TYPE
Does you project meet one or more of the following criteria:
1, Home subdivision of 100 units or more.
Includes SFD, MFD, Condominium and Apartments
2. Residential development of 10 units or more.
Includes SFD, MFD, Condominium and Apartments
3. Commercial and industrial development areater than 100.000 sauare feet includinci parking areas.
Any development on private land that is not for heavy industrial or residential uses. Example: Hospitals,
Hotels, Recreational Facilities, Shopping Malls, etc.
4. Heavy Industrial / Industry greater than 1 acre (NEED SIC CODES FOR PERMIT BUSINESS TYPES)
SIC codes 5013, 5014, 5541 , 7532-7534, and 7536-7539
5. Automotive repair shop.
SIC codes 5013, 5014, 5541 , 7532-7534, and 7536-7539
6. A New Restaurant where the land area of development is 5,000 square feet or more including parking
areas.
SIC code 581 2
7. Hillside development
(1) greater than 5,000 square feet of impervious surface area and (2) development will grade on any
natural slope that is 25% or greater
8. Environmentally Sensitive Area (ESA).
Impervious surface of 2,500 square feet or more located within, "directly adjacent"2 to (within 200 feet),
or "discharging directly to"3 receiving water within the ESA1
9. Parkinci lot.
Area of 5,000 square feet or more, or with 15 or more parking spaces, and potentially exposed to urban
runoff
10. Retail Gasoline Outlets - servina more than 100 vehicles per day
Serving more than 100 vehicles per day and greater than 5,000 square feet
11. Streets, roads, driveways, highways, and freeways.
Project would create a new paved surface that is 5,000 square feet or greater.
12. Coastal Development Zone.
Within 200 feet of the Pacific Ocean and (1 ) creates more than 2500 square feet of impermeable
surface or (2) increases impermeable surface on property by more than 10%.
YES
X
NO
X
X
A
X
X
X
,x
X
X
X
X
1 Environmentally Sensitive Areas include but are not limited to all Clean Water Act Section 303(d) impaired water bodies;
areas designated as Areas of Special Biological Significance by the State Water Resources Control Board (Water Quality
Control Plan for the San Diego Basin (1994) and amendments); water bodies designated with the RARE beneficial use by
the State Water Resources Control Board (Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin (1994) and amendments);
areas designated as preserves or their equivalent under the Multi Species Conservation Program within the Cities and Count
of San Diego; and any other equivalent environmentally sensitive areas which have been identified by the Copermittees.
2 "Directly adjacent" means situated within 200 feet of the environmentally sensitive area.
3 "Discharging directly to" means outflow from a drainage conveyance system that is composed entirely of flows from the
subject development or redevelopment site, and not commingled with flow from adjacent lands.
Section 1 Results:
If you answered YES to ANY of the questions above you have a PRIORITY project and PRIORITY project requirements DO
apply. A Storm Water Management Plan, prepared in accordance with City Storm Water Standards, must be submitted at
time of application. Please check the "MEETS PRIORITY REQUIREMENTS" box in Section 3.
If you answered NO to ALL of the questions above, then you are a NON-PRIORITY project and STANDARD requirements
apply. Please check the "DOES NOT MEET PRIORITY Requirements" box in Section 3.
S\\\ll' RON
SECTION 2
SIGNIFICANT REDEVELOPMENT:
1 . Is the project redeveloping an existing priority project type? (Priority projects
are defined in Section 1 )
YES
X
NO
If you answered YES, please proceed to question 2.
If you answered NO, then you ARE NOT a significant redevelopment and you ARE NOT subject to
PRIORITY project requirements, only STANDARD requirements. Please check the "DOES NOT MEET
PRIORITY Requirements" box in Section 3 below.
2. Is the project solely limited to one of the following:
a. Trenching and resurfacing associated with utility work?
b. Resurfacing and reconfiguring existing surface parking lots?
c. New sidewalk construction, pedestrian ramps, or bike lane on public
and/or private existing roads?
d. Replacement of existing damaged pavement?
X
X"
X
X
If you answered NO to ALL of the questions, then proceed to Question 3.
If you answered YES to ONE OR MORE of the questions then you ARE NOT a significant redevelopment
and you ARE NOT subject to PRIORITY project requirements, only STANDARD requirements. Please
check
the "DOES NOT MEET PRIORITY Requirements" box in Section 3 below.
3. Will the development create, replace, or add at least 5,000 square feet of
impervious surfaces on an existing development or, be located within 200
feet of the Pacific Ocean and (1)create more than 2500 square feet of
impermeable surface or (2) increases impermeable surface on property by
more than 10%?
X
If you answered YES, you ARE a significant redevelopment, and you ARE subject to PRIORITY project
requirements. Please check the "MEETS PRIORITY REQUIREMENTS" box in Section 3 below.
If you answered NO, you ARE NOT a significant redevelopment, and you ARE NOT subject to
PRIORITY project requirements, only STANDARD requirements. Please check the "DOES NOT MEET
PRIORITY Requirements" box in Section 3 below.
SECTION 3
Questionnaire Results:
MY PROJECT MEETS PRIORITY REQUIREMENTS, MUST COMPLY WITH PRIORITY
PROJECT STANDARDS AND MUST PREPARE A STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR
SUBMITTAL AT TIME OF APPLICATION.
MY PROJECT DOES NOT MEET PRIORITY REQUIREMENTS AND MUST ONLY COMPLY
WITH STANDARD STORM WATER REQUIREMENTS.
Applicant Information mid Signature Box
AOJrc>s: A^st'.-.sors Parcel Number! >):
\pplieant Name:
Applicant Signature:
Applicant Title:
Date:
Cu> l\.iKli;",vncc: M-S Si) ]
IIli: . |
D..U. ]
iVv-< 'D. ;
S\VMP Rev 6 4 OX
Table 1
Standard Development Project & Priority Project Storm Water BMP Requirements Matrix
Standard Projects
LID
Site
Design
BMPs'"
R
Source
Control
BMPs(2)
R
BMPs Applicable to Individual
Priority Project Categories'3'
CO
~mo(Y*
co
CL
CO
R
toCD3O<>aco <n•JT ^^
'S CD 3(o > T:
CD 'C COo: Q Q.
^
R
tncoCD
<£
OoQ
o
R
to
coOJ
8
cocCD
c
'03
'
R
CD
^
tnCO
CDo
CD
CD
R
£toco
CD
Q. (/J•=: COS-2LU <
-
R
c
to
8o
a.
oo u>1 8o<
d>
R
CO
^
CL
8m <s>45 CO
1 £C7) <
^
R
toco
CDC
O)
C
"CD
u.
•-
R
enc'a.co
c
CD
jo
if
•-=•
R
Treatment
Control
BMPs(4)
O
Priority Projects:
Detached Residential
Development
Attached Residential
Development
Commercial Development
greater than 100,000ft2
Heavy industry /industrial
Automotive Repair Shop
Restaurants
Steep Hillside
Development greater than
5,000 ft2
Parking Lots
Retail Gasoline Outlets
Streets, Highways &
Freeways
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
-*-\
C-v)
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
(^}
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R R
^— N
/Rf
v_X
R
R
R
R
R
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
/^~)
S
S
R = Required; select one or more applicable and appropriate BMPs from the applicable steps in Section III.2.A-D, or
equivalent as identified in Appendix B.
O = Optional/ or may be required by City staff. As appropriate, applicants are encouraged to incorporate treatment
control BMPs and BMPs applicable to individual priority project categories into the project design. City staff may
require one or more of these BMPs, where appropriate.
S = Select one or more applicable and appropriate treatment control BMPs from Appendix B.
(1) Refer to Chapter 2.3.3.1. LID = Low Impact Development.
(2) Refer to Chapter 2.3.3.2.
(3) Priority project categories must apply specific storm water BMP requirements, where applicable. Priority projects
are subject to the requirements of all priority project categories that apply. Refer to Chapter 2.3.3.3
(4) Refer to Chapter 2.3.3.4
(5) Applies if the paved area totals >5,000 square feet or with >15 parking spaces and is potentially exposed to urban
runoff.
SW.V1P Rev 6/4/08
2.3 PERMANENT BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES SELECTION PROCEDURE
2.3.1 INTRODUCTION
The following process should be followed to determine the permanent BMPs for the applicant's project.
2.3.2 IDENTIFY POLLUTANTS AND CONDITIONS OF CONCERN
2.3.2.1 Identify Pollutants from the Project Area
Using Table 2 below, identify the project's anticipated pollutants. Pollutants associated with any
hazardous material sites that have been remediated or are not threatened by the proposed project are not
considered a pollutant of concern. Projects meeting the definition of more than one project category shall
identify all general pollutant categories that apply. Descriptions of the general pollutant categories listed
in Table 2 are defined in Appendix F under the definition of "pollutants of concern."
Table 2
Anticipated and Potential Pollutants Generated by Land Use Type
Project
Categories
Detached
Residential
Development
Attached
Residential
Development
Commercial
Development
>100,000ft2
Heavy industry
/industrial
development
Automotive
Repair Shops
Restaurants
Steep Hillside
Development
>5,000 ft2
Parking Lots
Retail Gasoline
Outlets
Streets,
Highways &
Freeways
General Pollutant Categories
Sediments
X
X
pd)
X
X
/^>(1) )
X
Nutrients
X
X
pd)
X
&
p(D
Heavy
Metals
X
X
(^
X
X
Organic
Compounds
p(2)
X
•^W(5)
(
X
X(4)
Trash
&
Debris
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
' x^
X
X
Oxygen
Demanding
Substances
X
p(i>
p(5)
X
X
X
/ pen/
X
p(5)
Oil&
Grease
X
p(2)
X
X
X
X
X
^*~ — '
{*/
X
X
Bacteria
&
Viruses
X
p(D
p(3)
X
)
Pesticides
X
X
p(5)
X
( ' p^y
X = anticipated
P = potential
(1) A potential pollutant if landscaping exists on-site.
(2) A potential pollutant if the project includes uncovered parking areas.
(3) A potential pollutant if land use involves food or animal waste products.
(4) Including petroleum hydrocarbons.
(5) Including solvents.
SWMP Rev 6.4'08
SECTION 5.0
Section 5.0
LID Site Design BMPs
(Applies to Parking Area Expansion Only)
See colored Site Map (in Section 3.0)
1. Water is safely conveyed away from slopes to storm drain inlets. BMP-5
2. Run-off from paved areas is directed into vegetated swales by the use of curb
cuts and then into inlets. BMP-1, BMP-3, BMP-29
3. All storm drains tie into the existing storm drain system
**»«*•
SECTION 6.0
Section 6.0
Source Control BMPs
(All apply to Parking Area Expansion and Dock Addition)
1. The project will use efficient irrigation systems and landscape design to include
rain shut-off devices to prevent irrigation during precipitation, consistent with the
Carlsbad Landscape Manual. Irrigation systems will be designed to each
landscape area's specific water requirements consistent with the Carlsbad
Landscape Manual. City of Carlsbad SUSMP BMP-14, 15, and 16
(See Fact Sheet SD-12)
2. The storm drain inlets will be provided with signage of prohibitive language (e.g.
"No Dumping - I Live Downstream") satisfactory to the City Engineer. City of
Carlsbad SUSMP BMP-17 and 18
(See Fact Sheet SD-13)
3. The parking area is to be maintained, swept, cleaned, and repaired regularly to
reduce the amount of pollutants contributed to the overall stormwater discharge
from the site.
(See Fact Sheet SC-43)
4. The drainage system shall be maintained to keep the drainage courses clear of
debris and other visible pollutants.
(See Fact Sheet SC-44)
5. Steps shall be taken to prevent the release of non-stormwater discharges to the
storm drain system.
(See Fact Sheet SC-10)
6. The building and grounds around the project sites (and the existing parking area
for that matter) should be maintained to reduce the amount of pollutants
contributed to the overall stormwater discharge from the site.
(See Fact Sheet SC-41)
Design Objectives
/ Maximize Infiltration
•/_ Provide Retention
/ Slow Runoff
Minimize Impervious Land
Coverage
Prohibit Dumping of Improper
Materials
Contain Pollutants
Collect and Convey
Description —
Irrigation water provided to landscaped areas may result in excess irrigation water being
conveyed into stormwater drainage systems.
Approach
Project plan designs for development and redevelopment should include application methods of
irrigation water that minimize runoff of excess irrigation water into the stormwater conveyance
system.
Suitable Applications
Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for
development or redevelopment. (Detached residential single-family homes are typically
excluded from this requirement.)
Design Considerations
Designing New Installations
The following methods to reduce excessive irrigation runoff should be considered, and
incorporated and implemented where determined applicable and feasible by the Permittee:
• Employ rain-triggered shutoff devices to prevent irrigation after precipitation.
• Design irrigation systems to each landscape area's specific water requirements.
a Include design featuring flow reducers or shutoff valves triggered by a pressure drop to
control water loss in the event of broken sprinkler heads or lines.
a Implement landscape plans consistent with County or City water conservation resolutions,
which may include provision of water sensors, programmable
irrigation times (for short cycles), etc.
[California
Stormwater
Quaiity
Association
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 2
m Design timing and application methods of irrigation water to minimize the runoff of excess
irrigation water into the storm water drainage system.
m Group plants with similar water requirements in order to reduce excess irrigation runoff and
promote surface filtration. Choose plants with low irrigation requirements (for example,
native or drought tolerant species). Consider design features such as:
Using mulches (such as wood chips or bar) in planter areas without ground cover to
minimize sediment in runoff
Installing appropriate plant materials for the location, in accordance with amount of
sunlight and climate, and use native plant materials where possible and/or as
recommended by the landscape architect
Leaving a vegetative barrier along the property boundary and interior watercourses, to
act as a pollutant filter, where appropriate and feasible
Choosing plants that minimize or eliminate the use of fertilizer or pesticides to sustain
growth
• Employ other comparable, equally effective methods to reduce irrigation water runoff.
edeveloping Existing Installations
Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.)
define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross
floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or
impervious surfaces. The definition of " redevelopment" must be consulted to determine
whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for
redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations"
above should be followed.
Other Resources
A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County
Department of Public Works, May 2002.
Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of
San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002.
Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood
Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003.
Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures,
July 2002.
2 of 2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
Design Objectives
Maximize Infiltration
: Provide Retention
Slow Runoff
Minimize Impervious Land
Coverage
Prohibit Dumping of Improper
Materials
Contain Pollutants
Collect and Convey
Description
Waste materials dumped into storm drain inlets can have severe impacts on receiving and
ground waters. Posting notices regarding discharge prohibitions at storm drain inlets can
prevent waste dumping. Storm drain signs and stencils are highly visible source controls that
are typically placed directly adjacent to storm drain inlets.
Approach
The stencil or affixed sign contains a brief statement that prohibits dumping of improper
materials into the urban runoff conveyance system. Storm drain messages have become a
popular method of alerting the public about the effects of and the prohibitions against waste
disposal.
Suitable Applications
Stencils and signs alert the public to the destination of pollutants discharged to the storm drain.
Signs are appropriate in residential, commercial, and industrial areas, as well as any other area
where contributions or dumping to storm drains is likely.
Design Considerations
Storm drain message markers or placards are recommended at all storm drain inlets within the
boundary of a development project. The marker should be placed in clear sight facing toward
anyone approaching the inlet from either side. All storm drain inlet locations should be
identified on the development site map.
Designing New Installations
The following methods should be considered for inclusion in the project design and show on
project plans:
a Provide stenciling or labeling of all storm drain inlets and catch
basins, constructed or modified, within the project area with
prohibitive language. Examples include "NO DUMPING -:alifornia
Stormwater
Quality
Association
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 2
DRAINS TO OCEAN" and/or other graphical icons to discourage illegal dumping.
a Post signs with prohibitive language and/or graphical icons, which prohibit illegal dumping
at public access points along channels and creeks within the project area.
Note - Some local agencies have approved specific signage and/or storm drain message placards
for use. Consult local agency stormwater staff to determine specific requirements for placard
types and methods of application.
Redeveloping Existing Installations
Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.)
define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross
floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or ,
impervious surfaces. If the project meets the definition of "redevelopment", then the
requirements stated under " designing new installations" above should be included in all project
design plans.
Additional Information
Maintenance Considerations
m Legibility of markers and signs should be maintained. If required by the agency with
jurisdiction over the project, the owner/operator or homeowner's association should enter
into a maintenance agreement with the agency or record a deed restriction upon the
property title to maintain the legibility of placards or signs.
Placement
m Signage on top of curbs tends to weather and fade.
• Signage on face of curbs tends to be worn by contact with vehicle tires and sweeper brooms.
Supplemental Information
Examples
m Most MS4 programs have storm drain signage programs. Some MS4 programs will provide
stencils, or arrange for volunteers to stencil storm drains as part of their outreach program.
Other Resources
A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County
Department of Public Works, May 2002.
Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of
San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002.
Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood
Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003.
Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures,
ily 2002.
2 of 2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
Parking/Storage Area Maintenance SC-43
Description
Parking lots and storage areas can contribute a number of
substances, such as trash, suspended solids, hydrocarbons, oil
and grease, and heavy metals that can enter receiving waters
through stormwater runoff or non-stormwater discharges. The
protocols in this fact sheet are intended to prevent or reduce the
discharge of pollutants from parking/storage areas and include
using good housekeeping practices, following appropriate
cleaning BMPs, and training employees.
Approach
The goal of this program is to ensure stormwater pollution
prevention practices are considered when conducting activities
on or around parking areas and storage areas to reduce potential
for pollutant discharge to receiving waters. Successful
implementation depends on effective training of employees on
applicable BMPs and general pollution prevention strategies and
objectives.
Pollution Prevention
• Encourage alternative designs and maintenance strategies for
impervious parking lots. (See New Development and
Redevelopment BMP Handbook)
• Keep accurate maintenance logs to evaluate BMP
implementation.
Objectives
• Cover
• Contain
• Educate
• Reduce/Minimize
• Product Substitution
Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash <
Metals
Bacteria
Oil and Grease •
Organics
4 SO A
' California
Stormwater
Quality
Association
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
Industrial and Commercial
www.cabmphandbooks.com
1 of 4
SC-43 Parking/Storage Area Maintenance
Suggested Protocols
General
m Keep the parking and storage areas clean and orderly. Remove debris in a timely fashion.
• Allow sheet runoff to flow into biofilters (vegetated strip and swale) and/or infiltration
devices.
• Utilize sand filters or oleophilic collectors for oily waste in low quantities.
• Arrange rooftop drains to prevent drainage directly onto paved surfaces.
• Design lot to include semi-permeable hardscape.
• Discharge soapy water remaining in mop or wash buckets to the sanitary sewer through a
sink, toilet, clean-out, or wash area with drain.
Controlling Litter
• Post "No Littering" signs and enforce anti-litter laws.
• Provide an adequate number of litter receptacles.
• Clean out and cover litter receptacles frequently to prevent spillage.
• Provide trash receptacles in parking lots to discourage litter.
• Routinely sweep, shovel, and dispose of litter in the trash.
Surface Cleaning
• Use dry cleaning methods (e.g., sweeping, vacuuming) to prevent the discharge of pollutants
into the stormwater conveyance system if possible.
• Establish frequency of public parking lot sweeping based on usage and field observations of
waste accumulation.
• Sweep all parking lots at least once before the onset of the wet season.
• Follow the procedures below if water is used to clean surfaces:
Block the storm drain or contain runoff.
Collect and pump wash water to the sanitary sewer or discharge to a pervious surface.
Do not allow wash water to enter storm drains.
Dispose of parking lot sweeping debris and dirt at a landfill.
• Follow the procedures below when cleaning heavy oily deposits:
Clean oily spots with absorbent materials.
Use a screen or filter fabric over inlet, then wash surfaces.
2 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
Industrial and Commercial
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Parking/Storage Area Maintenance SC-43
Do not allow discharges to the storm drain.
- Vacuum/pump discharges to a tank or discharge to sanitary sewer.
Appropriately dispose of spilled materials and absorbents.
Surface Repair
• Preheat, transfer or load hot bituminous material away from storm drain inlets.
• Apply concrete, asphalt, and seal coat during dry weather to prevent contamination from
contacting stormwater runoff.
• Cover and seal nearby storm drain inlets where applicable (with waterproof material or
mesh) and manholes before applying seal coat, slurry seal, etc. Leave covers in place until
job is complete and all water from emulsified oil sealants has drained or evaporated. Clean
any debris from these covered manholes and drains for proper disposal.
• Use only as much water as necessary for dust control, to avoid runoff.
• Catch drips from paving equipment that is not in use with pans or absorbent material placed
under the machines. Dispose of collected material and absorbents properly.
Inspection
m Have designated personnel conduct inspections of parking facilities and stormwater
conveyance systems associated with parking facilities on a regular basis.
• Inspect cleaning equipment/sweepers for leaks on a regular basis.
Training
• Provide regular training to field employees and/or contractors regarding cleaning of paved
areas and proper operation of equipment.
• Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup.
Spill Response and Prevention
m Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date.
• Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible or at a central
location.
• Clean up fluid spills immediately with absorbent rags or material.
• Dispose of spilled material and absorbents properly.
Other Considerations
Limitations related to sweeping activities at large parking facilities may include high equipment
costs, the need for sweeper operator training, and the inability of current sweeper technology to
remove oil and grease.
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 4
Industrial and Commercial
www.cabmphandbooks.com
SC-43 Parking/Storage Area Maintenance
Requirements
Costs
Cleaning/sweeping costs can be quite large. Construction and maintenance of stormwater
structural controls can be quite expensive as well.
Maintenance
m Sweep parking lot regularly to minimize cleaning with water.
• Clean out oil/water/sand separators regularly, especially after heavy storms.
• Clean parking facilities regularly to prevent accumulated wastes and pollutants from being
discharged into conveyance systems during rainy conditions.
Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Surface Repair
Apply concrete, asphalt, and seal coat during dry weather to prevent contamination from
contacting stormwater runoff. Where applicable, cover and seal nearby storm drain inlets (with
waterproof material or mesh) and manholes before applying seal coat, slurry seal, etc. Leave
covers in place until job is complete and all water from emulsified oil sealants has drained or
evaporated. Clean any debris from these covered manholes and drains for proper disposal.
Only use only as much water as is necessary for dust control to avoid runoff.
References and Resources
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm
Pollution from Surface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies
Association (BASMAA). http://www.basmaa.org/
Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies. Oregon Municipal Stormwater Toolbox for
Maintenance Practices. June 1998.
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org
The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
4 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
Industrial and Commercial
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Drainage System Maintenance SC-44
Objectives
Cover
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize
Description
As a consequence of its function, the stormwater conveyance
system collects and transports urban runoff and stormwater that
may contain certain pollutants. The protocols in this fact sheet
are intended to reduce pollutants reaching receiving waters
through proper conveyance system operation and maintenance.
Approach
Pollution Prevention
Maintain catch basins, stormwater inlets, and other stormwater
conveyance structures on a regular basis to remove pollutants,
reduce high pollutant concentrations during the first flush of
storms, prevent clogging of the downstream conveyance system,
restore catch basins' sediment trapping capacity, and ensure the
system functions properly hydraulically to avoid flooding.
Suggested Protocols
Catch Basins/Inlet Structures
m Staff should regularly inspect facilities to ensure compliance
with the following:
Immediate repair of any deterioration threatening
structural integrity.
- Cleaning before the sump is 40% full. Catch basins
should be cleaned as frequently as needed to meet this
standard.
Stenciling of catch basins and inlets (see SC34 Waste
Handling and Disposal).
Targeted Constituents
Sediment «
Nutrients
Trash «
Metals
Bacteria «
Oil and Grease
Organics
SQA
; California
Stormwater
Quality
: Association
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
Industrial and Commercial
www.cabmphandbooks.com
lof 6
SC-44 Drainage System Maintenance
• Clean catch basins, storm drain inlets, and other conveyance structures before the wet
season to remove sediments and debris accumulated during the summer.
• Conduct inspections more frequently during the wet season for problem areas where
sediment or trash accumulates more often. Clean and repair as needed.
• Keep accurate logs of the number of catch basins cleaned.
• Store wastes collected from cleaning activities of the drainage system in appropriate
containers or temporary storage sites in a manner that prevents discharge to the storm
drain.
• Dewater the wastes if necessary with outflow into the sanitary sewer if permitted. Water
should be treated with an appropriate filtering device prior to discharge to the sanitary
sewer. If discharge to the sanitary sewer is not allowed, water should be pumped or
vacuumed to a tank and properly disposed. Do not dewater near a storm drain or stream.
Storm Drain Conveyance System
m Locate reaches of storm drain with deposit problems and develop a flushing schedule that
keeps the pipe clear of excessive buildup.
• Collect and pump flushed effluent to the sanitary sewer for treatment whenever possible.
Pump Stations
m Clean all storm drain pump stations prior to the wet season to remove silt and trash.
• Do not allow discharge to reach the storm drain system when cleaning a storm drain pump
station or other facility.
• Conduct routine maintenance at each pump station.
• Inspect, clean, and repair as necessary all outlet structures prior to the wet season.
Open Channel
m Modify storm channel characteristics to improve channel hydraulics, increase pollutant
removals, and enhance channel/creek aesthetic and habitat value.
• Conduct channel modification/improvement in accordance with existing laws. Any person,
government agency, or public utility proposing an activity that will change the natural
(emphasis added) state of any river, stream, or lake in California, must enter into a Steam or
Lake Alteration Agreement with the Department of Fish and Game. The developer-applicant
should also contact local governments (city, county, special districts), other state agencies
(SWRCB, RWQCB, Department of Forestry, Department of Water Resources), and Federal
Corps of Engineers and USFWS.
Illicit Connections and Discharges
• Look for evidence of illegal discharges or illicit connections during routine maintenance of
conveyance system and drainage structures:
Is there evidence of spills such as paints, discoloring, etc?
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Drainage System Maintenance SC-44
•^^••^^^•••^•••^^•••^•i^^^MMMB^MMM^M^MB^MMM^^BMi^^^M^BBM^Bi^MM^MM^^^^^™
- Are there any odors associated with the drainage system?
Record locations of apparent illegal discharges/illicit connections?
- Track flows back to potential dischargers and conduct aboveground inspections. This
can be done through visual inspection of upgradient manholes or alternate techniques
including zinc chloride smoke testing, fluorometric dye testing, physical inspection
testing, or television camera inspection.
Eliminate the discharge once the origin of flow is established.
• Stencil or demarcate storm drains, where applicable, to prevent illegal disposal of pollutants.
Storm drain inlets should have messages such as "Dump No Waste Drains to Stream"
stenciled next to them to warn against ignorant or intentional dumping of pollutants into the
storm drainage system.
• Refer to fact sheet SC-io Non-Stormwater Discharges.
Illegal Dumping
• Inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas regularly where illegal
dumping and disposal occurs.
• Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the
following:
Illegal dumping hot spots
- Types and quantities (in some cases) of wastes
Patterns in time of occurrence (time of day/night, month, or year)
Mode of dumping (abandoned containers, "midnight dumping" from moving vehicles,
direct dumping of materials, accidents/spills)
Responsible parties
• Post "No Dumping" signs in problem areas with a phone number for reporting dumping and
disposal. Signs should also indicate fines and penalties for illegal dumping.
• Refer to fact sheet SC-io Non-Stormwater Discharges.
Training
• Train crews in proper maintenance activities, including record keeping and disposal.
• Allow only properly trained individuals to handle hazardous materials/wastes.
• Have staff involved in detection and removal of illicit connections trained in the following:
- OSHA-required Health and Safety Training (29 CFR 1910.120) plus annual refresher
training (as needed).
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SC-44 Drainage System Maintenance
- OSHA Confined Space Entry training (Cal-OSHA Confined Space, Title 8 and Federal
OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146).
Procedural training (field screening, sampling, smoke/dye testing, TV inspection).
Spill Response and Prevention
• Investigate all reports of spills, leaks, and/or illegal dumping promptly.
• Clean up all spills and leaks using "dry" methods (with absorbent materials and/or rags) or
dig up, remove, and properly dispose of contaminated soil.
• Refer to fact sheet SC-n Spill Prevention, Control, and Cleanup.
Other Considerations (Limitations and Regulations)
• Clean-up activities may create a slight disturbance for local aquatic species. Access to items
and material on private property may be limited. Trade-offs may exist between channel
hydraulics and water quality/riparian habitat. If storm channels or basins are recognized as
wetlands, many activities, including maintenance, may be subject to regulation and
permitting.
• Storm drain flushing is most effective in small diameter pipes (36-inch diameter pipe or less,
depending on water supply and sediment collection capacity). Other considerations
associated with storm drain flushing may include the availability of a water source, finding a
downstream area to collect sediments, liquid/sediment disposal, and prohibition against
disposal of flushed effluent to sanitary sewer in some areas.
• Regulations may include adoption of substantial penalties for illegal dumping and disposal.
• Local municipal codes may include sections prohibiting discharge of soil, debris, refuse,
hazardous wastes, and other pollutants into the storm drain system.
Requirements
Costs
• An aggressive catch basin cleaning program could require a significant capital and O&M
budget.
• The elimination of illegal dumping is dependent on the availability, convenience, and cost of
alternative means of disposal. The primary cost is for staff time. Cost depends on how
aggressively a program is implemented. Other cost considerations for an illegal dumping
program include:
Purchase and installation of signs.
Rental of vehicle(s) to haul illegally-disposed items and material to landfills.
Rental of heavy equipment to remove larger items (e.g., car bodies) from channels.
Purchase of landfill space to dispose of illegally-dumped items and material.
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Drainage System Maintenance SC-44
• Methods used for illicit connection detection (smoke testing, dye testing, visual inspection,
and flow monitoring) can be costly and time-consuming. Site-specific factors, such as the
level of impervious area, the density and ages of buildings, and type of land use will
determine the level of investigation necessary.
Maintenance
m Two-person teams may be required to clean catch basins with vactor trucks.
• Teams of at least two people plus administrative personnel are required to identify illicit
discharges, depending on the complexity of the storm sewer system.
• Arrangements must be made for proper disposal of collected wastes.
• Technical staff are required to detect and investigate illegal dumping violations.
Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Storm Drain Flushing
Flushing is a common maintenance activity used to improve pipe hydraulics and to remove
pollutants in storm drainage systems. Flushing may be designed to hydraulically convey
accumulated material to strategic locations, such as an open channel, another point where
flushing will be initiated, or the sanitary sewer and the treatment facilities, thus preventing
resuspension and overflow of a portion of the solids during storm events. Flushing prevents
"plug flow" discharges of concentrated pollutant loadings and sediments. Deposits can hinder
the designed conveyance capacity of the storm drain system and potentially cause backwater
conditions in severe cases of clogging.
Storm drain flushing usually takes place along segments of pipe with grades that are too flat to
maintain adequate velocity to keep particles in suspension. An upstream manhole is selected to
place an inflatable device that temporarily plugs the pipe. Further upstream, water is pumped
into the line to create a flushing wave. When the upstream reach of pipe is sufficiently full to
cause a flushing wave, the inflated device is rapidly deflated with the assistance of a vacuum
pump, thereby releasing the backed up water and resulting in the cleaning of the storm drain
segment.
To further reduce impacts of stormwater pollution, a second inflatable device placed well
downstream may be used to recollect the water after the force of the flushing wave has
dissipated. A pump may then be used to transfer the water and accumulated material to the
sanitary sewer for treatment. In some cases, an interceptor structure may be more practical or
required to recollect the flushed waters.
It has been found that cleansing efficiency of periodic flush waves is dependent upon flush
volume, flush discharge rate, sewer slope, sewer length, sewer flow rate, sewer diameter, and
population density. As a rule of thumb, the length of line to be flushed should not exceed 700
feet. At this maximum recommended length, the percent removal efficiency ranges between 65-
75% for organics and 55-65% for dry weather grit/inorganic material. The percent removal
efficiency drops rapidly beyond that. Water is commonly supplied by a water truck, but fire
hydrants can also supply water. To make the best use of water, it is recommended that
reclaimed water be used or that fire hydrant line flushing coincide with storm sewer flushing.
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SC-44 Drainage System Maintenance
References and Resources
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
Ferguson, B.K. 1991. Urban Stream Reclamation, p. 324-322, Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation.
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm
Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies. Oregon Municipal Stormwater Toolbox for
Maintenance Practices. June 1998.
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org
The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good
Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Storm Drain System Cleaning. On line:
http: / /www. epa.gov/npdes /menuofbmps /poll 16 .htm
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Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
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Treatment Fadlity
Objectives
Description
Non-stormwater discharges are those flows that do not consist
entirely of stormwater. Some non-stormwater discharges do not
include pollutants and may be discharged to the storm drain.
These include uncontaminated groundwater and natural springs.
There are also some non-stormwater discharges that typically do
not contain pollutants and may be discharged to the storm drain
with conditions. These include car washing, air conditioner
condensate, etc. However there are certain non-stormwater
discharges that pose environmental concern. These discharges
may originate from illegal dumping or from internal floor drains,
appliances, industrial processes, sinks, and toilets that are
connected to the nearby storm drainage system. These
discharges (which may include: process waste waters, cooling
waters, wash waters, and sanitary wastewater) can carry
substances such as paint, oil, fuel and other automotive fluids,
chemicals and other pollutants into storm drains. They can
generally be detected through a combination of detection and
elimination. The ultimate goal is to effectively eliminate non-
stormwater discharges to the stormwater drainage system
through implementation of measures to detect, correct, and
enforce against illicit connections and illegal discharges of
pollutants on streets and into the storm drain system and creeks.
Approach
Initially the industry must make an assessment of non-
stormwater discharges to determine which types must be
eliminated or addressed through BMPs. The focus of the
following approach is in the elimination of non-stormwater
discharges.
• Cover
• Contain
• Educate
• Reduce/Minimize
• Product Substitution
Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals
Bacteria
Oil and Grease
Organics
V...AS.QA
} California
Stormwater
Quality
Association
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SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges
Pollution Prevention
m Ensure that used oil, used antifreeze, and hazardous chemical recycling programs are being
implemented. Encourage litter control.
Suggested Protocols
Recommended Complaint Investigation Equipment
• Field Screening Analysis
pH paper or meter
Commercial stormwater pollutant screening kit that can detect for reactive phosphorus,
nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, specific conductance, and turbidity
Sample jars
Sample collection pole
A tool to remove access hole covers
• Laboratory Analysis
Sample cooler
Ice
Sample jars and labels
Chain of custody forms
• Documentation
Camera
Notebook
Pens
Notice of Violation forms
Educational materials
General
m Develop clear protocols and lines of communication for effectively prohibiting non-
stormwater discharges, especially those that are not classified as hazardous. These are often
not responded to as effectively as they need to be.
• Stencil or demarcate storm drains, where applicable, to prevent illegal disposal of pollutants.
Storm drain inlets should have messages such as "Dump No Waste Drains to Stream"
stenciled or demarcated next to them to warn against ignorant or intentional dumping of
pollutants into the storm drainage system.
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Non-Stormwater Discharges _ SC-10
• See SC44 Stormwater Drainage System Maintenance for additional information.
Illicit Connections
m Locate discharges from the industrial storm drainage system to the municipal storm drain
system through review of "as-built" piping schematics.
• Isolate problem areas and plug illicit discharge points.
• Locate and evaluate all discharges to the industrial storm drain system.
Visual Inspection and Inventory
m Inventory and inspect each discharge point during dry weather.
• Keep in mind that drainage from a storm event can continue for a day or two following the
end of a storm and groundwater may infiltrate the underground stormwater collection
system. Also, non-stormwater discharges are often intermittent and may require periodic
inspections.
Review Infield Piping
• A review of the "as-built" piping schematic is a way to determine if there are any connections
to the stormwater collection system.
• Inspect the path of floor drains in older buildings.
Smoke Testing
m Smoke testing of wastewater and stormwater collection systems is used to detect
connections between the two systems.
• During dry weather the stormwater collection system is filled with smoke and then traced to
sources. The appearance of smoke at the base of a toilet indicates that there may be a
connection between the sanitary and the stormwater system.
Dye Testing
• A dye test can be performed by simply releasing a dye into either your sanitary or process
wastewater system and examining the discharge points from the stormwater collection
system for discoloration.
TV Inspection of Drainage System
m TV Cameras can be employed to visually identify illicit connections to the industrial storm
drainage system.
Illegal Dumping
• Regularly inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas where illegal
dumping and disposal occurs.
» On paved surfaces, clean up spills with as little water as possible. Use a rag for small spills, a
damp mop for general cleanup, and absorbent material for larger spills. If the spilled
material is hazardous, then the used cleanup materials are also hazardous and must be sent
to a certified laundry (rags) or disposed of as hazardous waste.
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SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges
• Never hose down or bury dry material spills. Sweep up the material and dispose of properly.
• Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down the spill. Remove the
adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly.
• For larger spills, a private spill cleanup company or Hazmat team may be necessary.
Once a site has been cleaned:
• Post "No Dumping" signs with a phone number for reporting dumping and disposal.
• Landscaping and beautification efforts of hot spots may also discourage future dumping, as
well as provide open space and increase property values.
• Lighting or barriers may also be needed to discourage future dumping.
• See fact sheet SCii Spill Prevention, Control, and Cleanup.
Inspection
m Regularly inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas where illegal
dumping and disposal occurs.
• Conduct field investigations of the industrial storm drain system for potential sources of
non-stormwater discharges.
• Pro-actively conduct investigations of high priority areas. Based on historical data, prioritize
specific geographic areas and/or incident type for pro-active investigations.
Reporting
• A database is useful for defining and tracking the magnitude and location of the problem.
• Report prohibited non-stormwater discharges observed during the course of normal daily
activities so they can be investigated, contained, and cleaned up or eliminated.
• Document that non-stormwater discharges have been eliminated by recording tests
performed, methods used, dates of testing, and any on-site drainage points observed.
• Document and report annually the results of the program.
• Maintain documentation of illicit connection and illegal dumping incidents, including
significant conditionally exempt discharges that are not properly managed.
Training
• Training of technical staff in identifying and documenting illegal dumping incidents is
required.
• Consider posting the quick reference table near storm drains to reinforce training.
• Train employees to identify non-stormwater discharges and report discharges to the
appropriate departments.
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Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
• Educate employees about spill prevention and cleanup.
• Well-trained employees can reduce human errors that lead to accidental releases or spills.
The employee should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill
should one occur. Employees should be familiar with the Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasure Plan.
• Determine and implement appropriate outreach efforts to reduce non-permissible non-
stormwater discharges.
• Conduct spill response drills annually (if no events occurred to evaluate your plan) in
cooperation with other industries.
• When a responsible party is identified, educate the party on the impacts of his or her actions.
Spill Response and Prevention
• See SCu Spill Prevention Control and Cleanup.
Other Considerations
m Many facilities do not have accurate, up-to-date schematic drawings.
Requirements
Costs (including capital and operation & maintenance)
• The primary cost is for staff time and depends on how aggressively a program is
implemented.
• Cost for containment and disposal is borne by the discharger.
• Illicit connections can be difficult to locate especially if there is groundwater infiltration.
• Indoor floor drains may require re-plumbing if cross-connections to storm drains are
detected.
Maintenance (including administrative and staffing)
• Illegal dumping and illicit connection violations requires technical staff to detect and
investigate them.
Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Illegal Dumping
• Substances illegally dumped on streets and into the storm drain systems and creeks include
paints, used oil and other automotive fluids, construction debris, chemicals, fresh concrete,
leaves, grass clippings, and pet wastes. All of these wastes cause stormwater and receiving
water quality problems as well as clog the storm drain system itself.
• Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the
following:
Illegal dumping hot spots
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SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges
- Types and quantities (in some cases) of wastes
Patterns in time of occurrence (time of day/night, month, or year)
Mode of dumping (abandoned containers, "midnight dumping" from moving vehicles,
direct dumping of materials, accidents/spills)
Responsible parties
One of the keys to success of reducing or eliminating illegal dumping is increasing the number of
people at the facility who are aware of the problem and who have the tools to at least identify the
incident, if not correct it. Therefore, train field staff to recognize and report the incidents.
What constitutes a "non-stormwater" discharge?
• Non-stormwater discharges to the stormwater collection system may include any water used
directly in the manufacturing process (process wastewater), air conditioning condensate and
coolant, non-contact cooling water, cooling equipment condensate, outdoor secondary
containment water, vehicle and equipment wash water, sink and drinking fountain
wastewater, sanitary wastes, or other wastewaters.
Permit Requirements
m Facilities subject to stormwater permit requirements must include a certification that the
stormwater collection system has been tested or evaluated for the presence of non-
stormwater discharges. The State's General Industrial Stormwater Permit requires that non-
stormwater discharges be eliminated prior to implementation of the facility's SWPPP.
Performance Evaluation
• Review annually internal investigation results; assess whether goals were met and what
changes or improvements are necessary.
• Obtain feedback from personnel assigned to respond to, or inspect for, illicit connections
and illegal dumping incidents.
References and Resources
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org
The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
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Building & Grounds Maintenance SC-41
Objectives
Cover
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize
Product Substitution
Description
Stormwater runoff from building and grounds maintenance
activities can be contaminated with toxic hydrocarbons in
solvents, fertilizers and pesticides, suspended solids, heavy
metals, abnormal pH, and oils and greases. Utilizing the
protocols in this fact sheet will prevent or reduce the discharge of
pollutants to stormwater from building and grounds
maintenance activities by washing and cleaning up with as little
water as possible, following good landscape management
practices, preventing and cleaning up spills immediately, keeping
debris from entering the storm drains, and maintaining the
stormwater collection system.
Approach
Reduce potential for pollutant discharge through source control
pollution prevention and BMP implementation. Successful
implementation depends on effective training of employees on
applicable BMPs and general pollution prevention strategies and
objectives.
Pollution Prevention
• Switch to non-toxic chemicals for maintenance when
possible.
• Choose cleaning agents that can be recycled.
• Encourage proper lawn management and landscaping,
including use of native vegetation.
Targeted Constituents
Sediment «
Nutrients %
Trash
Metals «
Bacteria %
Oil and Grease
Organics
) California
' •'., Stormwater
Quality
Association
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SC-41 Building & Grounds Maintenance
• Encourage use of Integrated Pest Management techniques for pest control.
• Encourage proper onsite recycling of yard trimmings.
• Recycle residual paints, solvents, lumber, and other material as much as possible.
Suggested Protocols
Pressure Washing of Buildings, Rooftops, and Other Large Objects
m In situations where soaps or detergents are used and the surrounding area is paved, pressure
washers must use a water collection device that enables collection of wash water and
associated solids. A sump pump, wet vacuum or similarly effective device must be used to
collect the runoff and loose materials. The collected runoff and solids must be disposed of
properly.
• If soaps or detergents are not used, and the surrounding area is paved, wash runoff does not
have to be collected but must be screened. Pressure washers must use filter fabric or some
other type of screen on the ground and/or in the catch basin to trap the particles in wash
water runoff.
• If you are pressure washing on a grassed area (with or without soap), runoff must be
dispersed as sheet flow as much as possible, rather than as a concentrated stream. The wash
runoff must remain on the grass and not drain to pavement.
Landscaping Activities
• Dispose of grass clippings, leaves, sticks, or other collected vegetation as garbage, or by
composting. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into waterways or storm drainage
systems.
• Use mulch or other erosion control measures on exposed soils.
Building Repair, Remodeling, and Construction
• Do not dump any toxic substance or liquid waste on the pavement, the ground, or toward a
storm drain.
• Use ground or drop cloths underneath outdoor painting, scraping, and sandblasting work,
and properly dispose of collected material daily.
• Use a ground cloth or oversized tub for activities such as paint mixing and tool cleaning.
• Clean paintbrushes and tools covered with water-based paints in sinks connected to sanitary
sewers or in portable containers that can be dumped into a sanitary sewer drain. Brushes
and tools covered with non-water-based paints, finishes, or other materials must be cleaned
in a manner that enables collection of used solvents (e.g., paint thinner, turpentine, etc.) for
recycling or proper disposal.
• Use a storm drain cover, filter fabric, or similarly effective runoff control mechanism if dust,
grit, wash water, or other pollutants may escape the work area and enter a catch basin. This
is particularly necessary on rainy days. The containment device(s) must be in place at the
beginning of the work day, and accumulated dirty runoff and solids must be collected and
disposed of before removing the containment device(s) at the end of the work day.
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Building & Grounds Maintenance SC-41
• If you need to de-water an excavation site, you may need to filter the water before
discharging to a catch basin or off-site. If directed off-site, you should direct the water
through hay bales and filter fabric or use other sediment filters or traps.
• Store toxic material under cover during precipitation events and when not in use. A cover
would include tarps or other temporary cover material.
Mowing, Trimming, and Planting
• Dispose of leaves, sticks, or other collected vegetation as garbage, by composting or at a
permitted landfill. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into waterways or storm drainage
systems.
• Use mulch or other erosion control measures when soils are exposed.
• Place temporarily stockpiled material away from watercourses and drain inlets, and berm or
cover stockpiles to prevent material releases to the storm drain system.
• Consider an alternative approach when bailing out muddy water: do not put it in the storm
drain; pour over landscaped areas.
• Use hand weeding where practical.
Fertilizer and Pesticide Management
• Follow all federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing the use, storage, and
disposal of fertilizers and pesticides and training of applicators and pest control advisors.
• Use less toxic pesticides that will do the job when applicable. Avoid use of copper-based
pesticides if possible.
• Do not use pesticides if rain is expected.
• Do not mix or prepare pesticides for application near storm drains.
• Use the minimum amount needed for the job.
• Calibrate fertilizer distributors to avoid excessive application.
• Employ techniques to minimize off-target application (e.g., spray drift) of pesticides,
including consideration of alternative application techniques.
• Apply pesticides only when wind speeds are low.
• Fertilizers should be worked into the soil rather than dumped or broadcast onto the surface.
• Irrigate slowly to prevent runoff and then only as much as is needed.
« Clean pavement and sidewalk if fertilizer is spilled on these surfaces before applying
irrigation water.
• Dispose of empty pesticide containers according to the instructions on the container label.
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SC-41 Building & Grounds Maintenance
• Use up the pesticides. Rinse containers, and use rinse water as product. Dispose of unused
pesticide as hazardous waste.
• Implement storage requirements for pesticide products with guidance from the local fire
department and County Agricultural Commissioner. Provide secondary containment for
pesticides.
inspection
• Inspect irrigation system periodically to ensure that the right amount of water is being
applied and that excessive runoff is not occurring. Minimize excess watering and repair
leaks in the irrigation system as soon as they are observed.
Training
m Educate and train employees on pesticide use and in pesticide application techniques to
prevent pollution.
• Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup.
• Be sure the frequency of training takes into account the complexity of the operations and the
nature of the staff.
Spill Response and Prevention
m Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date.
• Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials, such as brooms, dustpans, and vacuum sweepers
(if desired) near the storage area where it will be readily accessible.
• Have employees trained in spill containment and cleanup present during the
loading/unloading of dangerous wastes, liquid chemicals, or other materials.
• Familiarize employees with the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan.
• Clean up spills immediately.
Other Considerations
Alternative pest/weed controls may not be available, suitable, or effective in many cases.
Requirements
Costs
• Cost will vary depending on the type and size of facility.
• Overall costs should be low in comparison to other BMPs.
Maintenance
Sweep paved areas regularly to collect loose particles. Wipe up spills with rags and other
absorbent material immediately, do not hose down the area to a storm drain.
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Building & Grounds Maintenance SC-41
Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Fire Sprinkler Line Flushing
Building fire sprinkler line flushing may be a source of non-stormwater runoff pollution. The
water entering the system is usually potable water, though in some areas it maybe non-potable
reclaimed wastewater. There are subsequent factors that may drastically reduce the quality of
the water in such systems. Black iron pipe is usually used since it is cheaper than potable
piping, but it is subject to rusting and results in lower quality water. Initially, the black iron pipe
has an oil coating to protect it from rusting between manufacture and installation; this will
contaminate the water from the first flush but not from subsequent flushes. Nitrates, poly-
phosphates and other corrosion inhibitors, as well as fire suppressants and antifreeze may be
added to the sprinkler water system. Water generally remains in the sprinkler system a long
time (typically a year) and between flushes may accumulate iron, manganese, lead, copper,
nickel, and zinc. The water generally becomes anoxic and contains living and dead bacteria and
breakdown products from chlorination. This may result in a significant BOD problem and the
water often smells. Consequently dispose fire sprinkler line flush water into the sanitary sewer.
Do not allow discharge to storm drain or infiltration due to potential high levels of pollutants in
fire sprinkler line water.
References and Resources
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htni
Mobile Cleaners Pilot Program: Final Report. 1997. Bay Area Stormwater Management
Agencies Association (BASMAA). http://www.basmaa.org/
Pollution from Surface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies
Association (BASMAA). http://www.basmaa.org/
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org
The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
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SECTION 7.0
Section 7.0
BMPs for Individual Priority Project Categories
(Applies to Parking Area Expansion Only)
To minimize the off-site impact of the individual priority pollutants generated by the site,
this project is proposing to install BMP options at several of the individual locations
where the pollutants are generated:
1. The project proposes to route a majority of the stormwater generated by the
parking areas through landscaping prior to connecting to the storm drain system
to allow for bioretention and infiltration of water quality storm event flows.
2. Storm water from the project will be directed through small individual grass-lined/
vegetated swales prior to connection with the existing storm drain system at the
southern portion of the site. (See Fact Sheet TC-30)
(See also Section 2.3.3.4 of the City of Carlsbad SUSMP)
Vegetated Swale TC-30
Description
Vegetated swales are open, shallow channels with vegetation
covering the side slopes and bottom that collect and slowly
convey runoff flow to downstream discharge points. They are
designed to treat runoff through filtering by the vegetation in the
channel, filtering through a subsoil matrix, and/or infiltration
into the underlying soils. Swales can be natural or manmade.
They trap particulate pollutants (suspended solids and trace
metals), promote infiltration, and reduce the flow velocity of
stormwater runoff. Vegetated swales can serve as part of a
stormwater drainage system and can replace curbs, gutters and
storm sewer systems.
California Experience
Caltrans constructed and monitored six vegetated swales in
southern California. These swales were generally effective in
reducing the volume and mass of pollutants in runoff. Even in
the areas where the annual rainfall was only about 10 inches/yr,
the vegetation did not require additional irrigation. One factor
that strongly affected performance was the presence of large
numbers of gophers at most of the sites. The gophers created
earthen mounds, destroyed vegetation, and generally reduced the
effectiveness of the controls for TSS reduction.
Advantages
• If properly designed, vegetated, and operated, swales can
serve as an aesthetic, potentially inexpensive urban
development or roadway drainage conveyance measure with
significant collateral water quality benefits.
Design Considerations
• Tributary Area
• Area Required
• Slope
• Water Availability
Targeted Constituents
/ Sediment A
•/ Nutrients •
/ Trash •
•/ Metals A
/ Bacteria •
/ Oil and Grease A
J Organics A
Legend (Removal Effectiveness)
• Low • High
A Medium
C ASQA
nia
Stormwater
Quality
Association
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
1 of 13
TC-30 Vegetated Swale
' w
"*' m Roadside ditches should be regarded as significant potential swale/buffer strip sites and
should be utilized for this purpose whenever possible.
Limitations
• Can be difficult to avoid channelization.
• May not be appropriate for industrial sites or locations where spills may occur
• Grassed swales cannot treat a very large drainage area. Large areas may be divided and
treated using multiple swales.
• A thick vegetative cover is needed for these practices to function properly.
• They are impractical in areas with steep topography.
• They are not effective and may even erode when flow velocities are high, if the grass cover is
not properly maintained.
• In some places, their use is restricted by law: many local municipalities require curb and
gutter systems in residential areas.
• Swales are mores susceptible to failure if not properly maintained than other treatment
BMPs.
v Design and Sizing Guidelines
• Flow rate based design determined by local requirements or sized so that 85% of the annual
runoff volume is discharged at less than the design rainfall intensity.
• Swale should be designed so that the water level does not exceed 2/srds the height of the
grass or 4 inches, which ever is less, at the design treatment rate.
• Longitudinal slopes should not exceed 2.5%
• Trapezoidal channels are normally recommended but other configurations, such as
parabolic, can also provide substantial water quality improvement and may be easier to mow
than designs with sharp breaks in slope.
• Swales constructed in cut are preferred, or in fill areas that are far enough from an adjacent
slope to minimize the potential for gopher damage. Do not use side slopes constructed of
fill, which are prone to structural damage by gophers and other burrowing animals.
• A diverse selection of low growing, plants that thrive under the specific site, climatic, and
watering conditions should be specified. Vegetation whose growing season corresponds to
the wet season are preferred. Drought tolerant vegetation should be considered especially
for swales that are not part of a regularly irrigated landscaped area.
• The width of the swale should be determined using Manning's Equation using a value of
0.25 for Manning's n.
2 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
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Vegetated Swale TC-30
Construction/Inspection Considerations
m Include directions in the specifications for use of appropriate fertilizer and soil amendments
based on soil properties determined through testing and compared to the needs of the
vegetation requirements.
• Install swales at the time of the year when there is a reasonable chance of successful
establishment without irrigation; however, it is recognized that rainfall in a given year may
not be sufficient and temporary irrigation may be used.
• If sod tiles must be used, they should be placed so that there are no gaps between the tiles;
stagger the ends of the tiles to prevent the formation of channels along the swale or strip.
• Use a roller on the sod to ensure that no air pockets form between the sod and the soil.
• Where seeds are used, erosion controls will be necessary to protect seeds for at least 75 days
after the first rainfall of the season.
Performance
The literature suggests that vegetated swales represent a practical and potentially effective
technique for controlling urban runoff quality. While limited quantitative performance data
exists for vegetated swales, it is known that check dams, slight slopes, permeable soils, dense
grass cover, increased contact time, and small storm events all contribute to successful pollutant
removal by the swale system. Factors decreasing the effectiveness of swales include compacted
soils, short runoff contact time, large storm events, frozen ground, short grass heights, steep
slopes, and high runoff velocities and discharge rates.
Conventional vegetated swale designs have achieved mixed results in removing particulate
pollutants. A study performed by the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) monitored
three grass swales in the Washington, D.C., area and found no significant improvement in urban
runoff quality for the pollutants analyzed. However, the weak performance of these swales was
attributed to the high flow velocities in the swales, soil compaction, steep slopes, and short grass
height.
Another project in Durham, NC, monitored the performance of a carefully designed artificial
swale that received runoff from a commercial parking lot. The project tracked 11 storms and
concluded that particulate concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd) were reduced by
approximately 50 percent. However, the swale proved largely ineffective for removing soluble
nutrients.
The effectiveness of vegetated swales can be enhanced by adding check dams at approximately
17 meter (50 foot) increments along their length (See Figure i). These dams maximize the
retention time within the swale, decrease flow velocities, and promote particulate settling.
Finally, the incorporation of vegetated filter strips parallel to the top of the channel banks can
help to treat sheet flows entering the swale.
Only 9 studies have been conducted on all grassed channels designed for water quality (Table i).
The data suggest relatively high removal rates for some pollutants, but negative removals for
some bacteria, and fair performance for phosphorus.
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 13
New Development and Redevelopment
TC-30 Vegetated Swale
Table 1 Grassed swale pollutant removal efficiency data
Removal Efficiencies (% Removal)
Study
Caltrans 2002
Goldberg 1993
Seattle Metro and Washington
Department of Ecology 1992
Seattle Metro and Washington
Department of Ecology, 1992
Wang et al., 1981
Dot-man et al., 1989
Harper, 1988
Kercher et al., 1983
Harper, 1988.
Koon, 1995
TSS
77
67.8
60
83
80
98
87
99
81
67
TP
8
4-5
45
29
-
18
83
99
17
39
TN
67
-
-
-
-
-
84
99
40
-
N03
66
31-4
-25
-25
-
45
80
99
52
9
Metals
83-90
42-62
2-16
46-73
70-80
37-81
88-90
99
37-69
-35 to 6
Bacteria
-33
-100
-25
-25
T
-
-
-
-
-
Type
dry swales
grassed channel
grassed channel
grassed channel
dry swale
dry swale
dry swale "
dry swale
wet swale
wet swale
While it is difficult to distinguish between different designs based on the small amount of
available data, grassed channels generally have poorer removal rates than wet and dry swales,
although some swales appear to export soluble phosphorus (Harper, 1988; Koon, 1995). It is not
clear why swales export bacteria. One explanation is that bacteria thrive in the warm swale
soils.
Siting Criteria
The suitability of a swale at a site will depend on land use, size of the area serviced, soil type,
slope, imperviousness of the contributing watershed, and dimensions and slope of the swale
system (Schueler et al., 1992). In general, swales can be used to serve areas of less than 10 acres,
with slopes no greater than 5 %. Use of natural topographic lows is encouraged and natural
drainage courses should be regarded as significant local resources to be kept in use (Young et al.,
1996).
Selection Criteria (NCTCOG, 1993)
• Comparable performance to wet basins
• Limited to treating a few acres
• Availability of water during dry periods to maintain vegetation
• Sufficient available land area
Research in the Austin area indicates that vegetated controls are effective at removing pollutants
even when dormant. Therefore, irrigation is not required to maintain growth during dry
periods, but may be necessary only to prevent the vegetation from dying.
4 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
January 2003
Vegetated Swale TC-30
•%»<•The topography of the site should permit the design of a channel with appropriate slope and
cross-sectional area. Site topography may also dictate a need for additional structural controls.
Recommendations for longitudinal slopes range between 2 and 6 percent. Flatter slopes can be
used, if sufficient to provide adequate conveyance. Steep slopes increase flow velocity, decrease
detention time, and may require energy dissipating and grade check. Steep slopes also can be
managed using a series of check dams to terrace the swale and reduce the slope to within
acceptable limits. The use of check dams with swales also promotes infiltration.
Additional Design Guidelines
Most of the design guidelines adopted for swale design specify a minimum hydraulic residence
time of 9 minutes. This criterion is based on the results of a single study conducted in Seattle,
Washington (Seattle Metro and Washington Department of Ecology, 1992), and is not well
supported. Analysis of the data collected in that study indicates that pollutant removal at a
residence time of 5 minutes was not significantly different, although there is more variability in
that data. Therefore, additional research in the design criteria for swales is needed. Substantial
pollutant removal has also been observed for vegetated controls designed solely fdr conveyance
(Barrett et al, 1998); consequently, some flexibility in the design is warranted.
Many design guidelines recommend that grass be frequently mowed to maintain dense coverage
near the ground surface. Recent research (Colwell et al., 2000) has shown mowing frequency or
grass height has little or no effect on pollutant removal.
Summary of Design Recommendations
v i) The swale should have a length that provides a minimum hydraulic residence time of
at least 10 minutes. The maximum bottom width should not exceed 10 feet unless a
dividing berm is provided. The depth of flow should not exceed 2/3rds the height of
the grass at the peak of the water quality design storm intensity. The channel slope
should not exceed 2.5%.
2) A design grass height of 6 inches is recommended.
3) Regardless of the recommended detention time, the swale should be not less than
100 feet in length.
4) The width of the swale should be determined using Manning's Equation, at the peak
of the design storm, using a Manning's n of 0.25.
5) The swale can be sized as both a treatment facility for the design storm and as a
conveyance system to pass the peak hydraulic flows of the loo-year storm if it is
located "on-line." The side slopes should be no steeper than 3:1 (H:V).
6) Roadside ditches should be regarded as significant potential swale/buffer strip sites
and should be utilized for this purpose whenever possible. If flow is to be introduced
through curb cuts, place pavement slightly above the elevation of the vegetated areas.
Curb cuts should be at least 12 inches wide to prevent clogging.
7) Swales must be vegetated in order to provide adequate treatment of runoff. It is
•^^ important to maximize water contact with vegetation and the soil surface. For
general purposes, select fine, close-growing, water-resistant grasses. If possible,
divert runoff (other than necessary irrigation) during the period of vegetation
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 13
New Development and Redevelopment
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TC-30 Vegetated Swale
establishment. Where runoff diversion is not possible, cover graded and seeded
areas with suitable erosion control materials.
Maintenance
The useful life of a vegetated swale system is directly proportional to its maintenance frequency.
If properly designed and regularly maintained, vegetated swales can last indefinitely. The
maintenance objectives for vegetated swale systems include keeping up the hydraulic and
removal efficiency of the channel and maintaining a dense, healthy grass cover.
Maintenance activities should include periodic mowing (with grass never cut shorter than the
design flow depth), weed control, watering during drought conditions, reseeding of bare areas,
and clearing of debris and blockages. Cuttings should be removed from the channel and
disposed in a local composting facility. Accumulated sediment should also be removed
manually to avoid concentrated flows in the swale. The application of fertilizers and pesticides
should be minimal.
Another aspect of a good maintenance plan is repairing damaged areas within a channel. For
example, if the channel develops ruts or holes, it should be repaired utilizing a suitable soil that
is properly tamped and seeded. The grass cover should be thick; if it is not, reseed as necessary.
Any standing water removed during the maintenance operation must be disposed to a sanitary
sewer at an approved discharge location. Residuals (e.g., silt, grass cuttings) must be disposed
in accordance with local or State requirements. Maintenance of grassed swales mostly involves
maintenance of the grass or wetland plant cover. Typical maintenance activities are
summarized below:
• Inspect swales at least twice annually for erosion, damage to vegetation, and sediment and
debris accumulation preferably at the end of the wet season to schedule summer
maintenance and before major fall runoff to be sure the swale is ready for winter. However,
additional inspection after periods of heavy runoff is desirable. The swale should be checked
for debris and litter, and areas of sediment accumulation.
• Grass height and mowing frequency may not have a large impact on pollutant removal.
Consequently, mowing may only be necessary once or twice a year for safety or aesthetics or
to suppress weeds and woody vegetation.
• Trash tends to accumulate in swale areas, particularly along highways. The need for litter
removal is determined through periodic inspection, but litter should always be removed
prior to mowing.
• Sediment accumulating near culverts and in channels should be removed when it builds up
to 75 mm (3 in.) at any spot, or covers vegetation.
• Regularly inspect swales for pools of standing water. Swales can become a nuisance due to
mosquito breeding in standing water if obstructions develop (e.g. debris accumulation,
invasive vegetation) and/or if proper drainage slopes are not implemented and maintained.
6 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003"
New Development and Redevelopment
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Vegetated Swale TC-30
Cost
Construction Cost
Little data is available to estimate the difference in cost between various swale designs. One
study (SWRPC, 1991) estimated the construction cost of grassed channels, at approximately
$0.25 per ft2. This price does not include design costs or contingencies. Brown and Schueler
(1997) estimate these costs at approximately 32 percent of construction costs for most
stormwater management practices. For swales, however, these costs would probably be
significantly higher since the construction costs are so low compared with other practices. A
more realistic estimate would be a total cost of approximately $0.50 per ft2, which compares
favorably with other stormwater management practices.
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
7 of 13
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TC-30 Vegetated Swale
Maintenance Cost
Caltrans (2002) estimated the expected annual maintenance cost for a swale with a tributary
area of approximately 2 ha at approximately $2,700. Since almost all maintenance consists of
mowing, the cost is fundamentally a function of the mowing frequency. Unit costs developed by
SEWRPC are shown in Table 3. In many cases vegetated channels would be used to convey
runoff and would require periodic mowing as well, so there may be little additional cost for the
water quality component. Since essentially all the activities are related to vegetation
management, no special training is required for maintenance personnel.
References and Sources of Additional Information
Barrett, Michael E., Walsh, Patrick M., Malina, Joseph F., Jr., Charbeneau, Randall J, 1998,
"Performance of vegetative controls for treating highway runoff," ASCE Journal of
Environmental Engineering, Vol. 124, No. 11, pp. 1121-1128.
Brown, W., and T. Schueler. 1997. The Economics ofStormwater BMPs in the Mid-Atlantic
Region. Prepared for the Chesapeake Research Consortium, Edgewater, MD, by the Center for
Watershed Protection, Ellicott City, MD.
Center for Watershed Protection (CWP). 1996. Design ofStormwater Filtering Systems.
Prepared for the Chesapeake Research Consortium, Solomons, MD, and USEPA Region V,
Chicago, IL, by the Center for Watershed Protection, Ellicott City, MD.
Colwell, Shanti R., Homer, Richard R., and Booth, Derek B., 2000. Characterization of
Performance Predictors and Evaluation of Mowing Practices in Biqfiltration Swales. Report
to King County Land And Water Resources Division and others by Center for Urban Water
Resources Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA
Dorman, M.E., J. Hartigan, R.F. Steg, and T. Quasebarth. 1989. Retention, Detention and
Overland Flow for Pollutant Removal From Highway Stormwater Runoff. Vol. i. FHWA/RD
89/202. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC.
Goldberg. 1993. Dayton Avenue Swale Biqfiltration Study. Seattle Engineering Department,
Seattle, WA.
Harper, H. 1988. Effects of Stormwater Management Systems on Groundwater Quality.
Prepared for Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, FL, by
Environmental Research and Design, Inc., Orlando, FL.
Kercher, W.C., J.C. Landon, and R. Massarelli. 1983. Grassy swales prove cost-effective for
water pollution control. Public Works, 16: 53-55.
Koon, J. 1995. Evaluation of Water Quality Ponds and Swales in the Issaquah/East Lake
Sammamish Basins. King County Surface Water Management, Seattle, WA, and Washington
Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA.
Metzger, M. E., D. F. Messer, C. L. Beitia, C. M. Myers, and V. L. Kramer. 2002. The Dark Side
Of Stormwater Runoff Management: Disease Vectors Associated With Structural BMPs.
Stormwater 3(2): 24-39.Oakland, P.H. 1983. An evaluation of Stormwater pollutant removal
10 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
New Development and Redevelopment
Vegetated Swale TC-30
^mf
through grassed swale treatment. In Proceedings of the International Symposium of Urban
Hydrology, Hydraulics and Sediment Control, Lexington, KY. pp. 173-182.
Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory. 1983. Final Report: Metropolitan Washington
Urban Runoff Project. Prepared for the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments,
Washington, DC, by the Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, Manassas, VA.
Pitt, R., and J. McLean. 1986. Toronto Area Watershed Management Strategy Study: Humber
River Pilot Watershed Project. Ontario Ministry of Environment, Toronto, ON.
Schueler, T. 1997. Comparative Pollutant Removal Capability of Urban BMPs: A reanalysis.
Watershed Protection Techniques 2(2)1379-383.
Seattle Metro and Washington Department of Ecology. 1992. Biofiltration Swale Performance:
Recommendations and Design Considerations. Publication No. 657. Water Pollution Control
Department, Seattle, WA.
Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SWRPC). 1991. Costs of Urban
Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Control Measures. Technical report no. 31. Southeastern
Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission, Waukesha, WI.
U.S. EPA, 1999, Stormwater Fact Sheet: Vegetated Swales, Report # 832^-99-006
http://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/vegswale.pdf. Office of Water, Washington DC.
K,H ,
< Wang, T., D. Spyridakis, B. Mar, and R. Homer. 1981. Transport, Deposition and Control of
Heavy Metals in Highway Runoff. FHWA-WA-RD-39-io. University of Washington,
Department of Civil Engineering, Seattle, WA.
Washington State Department of Transportation, 1995, Highway Runoff Manual, Washington
State Department of Transportation, Olympia, Washington.
Welborn, C., and J. Veenhuis. 1987. Effects of Runoff Controls on the Quantity and Quality of
Urban Runoff in Two Locations in Austin, TX. USGS Water Resources Investigations Report
No. 87-4004. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
Yousef, Y., M. Wanielista, H. Harper, D. Pearce, and R. Tolbert. 1985. Best Management
Practices: Removal of Highway Contaminants By Roadside Swales. University of Central
Florida and Florida Department of Transportation, Orlando, FL.
Yu, S., S. Barnes, and V. Gerde. 1993. Testing of Best Management Practices for Controlling
Highway Runoff. FHWA/VA-93-Ri6. Virginia Transportation Research Council,
Charlottesville, VA.
Information Resources
Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE). 2000. Maryland Stormwater Design
Manual, www.mde.state.md.us/environment/wma/stormwatermanual. Accessed May 22,
2001.
S,^,
Reeves, E. 1994. Performance and Condition of Biofilters in the Pacific Northwest. Watershed
Protection Techniques i(3):ii7-H9.
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 11 of 13
New Development and Redevelopment
www rahmnhanrlhnnkt: mm
TC-30 Vegetated Swale
Seattle Metro and Washington Department of Ecology. 1992. Biofiltration Swale Performance. (
Recommendations and Design Considerations. Publication No. 657. Seattle Metro and
Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA.
USEPA1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources ofNonpoint Pollution in
Coastal Waters. EPA-84O-B-92-OO2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water.
Washington, DC.
Watershed Management Institute (WMI). 1997. Operation, Maintenance, and Management of
Stormwater Management Systems. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office
of Water. Washington, DC, by the Watershed Management Institute, Ingleside, MD.
12 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmohandbooks.com
Vegetated Swale TC-30
Provide for scour
protection.
Notation:
L BUngthof mpt
(•) Cross sectiOB of rwite with check d».
D. = 0«<Xho<elMckd«n(fl)
St = Bottom skwof unit (ttffl)
W •TepwhHhofclMckdimW
t«Mp«r«lw«kdiin(fl) (h)
Ratio of horizontal to vwtteil changa hi twite sldt ttepo (ft/ftj
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
13 of 13
SECTION 8.0
Section 8.0
Structural Treatment BMPs
(Applies to Parking Area Expansion Only)
Based upon the categories in Table 4 - Structural Treatment Control BMP Selection
Matrix, pollutants of concern for this project include: sediment; nutrients; heavy metals;
organic compounds; trash and debris; oxygen demanding substances; bacteria; oil and
grease; and pesticides. (See attached Table 4)
Storm water from the project will be directed through small individual grass-lined/
vegetated swales sized to bioretain the water quality storm event as well as allow
for bypass of the 100-year storm event. These swales will be connected by
underground storm drainage piping to the existing drainage system along the
south portion of the site, (see Fact Sheet TC-30 in Section 7)
Table 3
Numeric Sizing Treatment Standards
Volume
1. Volume-based BMPs shall be designed to mitigate (infiltrate, filter, or treat) either:
i. The volume of runoff produced from a 85th percentile storm event, as determined from isopluvial maps
contained in the County of San Diego Hydrology Plan (0.6 inch approximate average for the San Diego
County area) [Note: Applicants may calculate the 85th percentile storm event using local rain data, when
available. See the County of San Diego's isopluvial map at
http://www.sdcountv.ca.gov/dDw/enQineer/flood.htm1: or
ii. The volume of runoff produced by the 85 percentile storm event, determined as the maximized capture
urban runoff volume for the area, from the formula recommended in Urban Runoff Quality Management,
WEF Plan of Practice No. 23/ASCE Plan of Practice No. 87, page 175 Equation 5.2; (1998); or
iii. The volume of annual runoff based on unit basin storage volume, to achieve 90 percent or more volume
treatment by the method recommended in the latest edition of the California Stormwater Best Management
Practices Handbook, or
iv. The volume of runoff, as determined from the local historical rainfall record, that achieves approximately
the same reduction in pollutant loads and flows as achieved by mitigation of the 85th percentile 24-hour
runoff event.
Flow
2. Flow-based BMPs shall be designed to mitigate (infiltrate, filter, or treat) either:
3.0 The maximum flow rate of runoff produced from a rainfall intensity of 0.2 inch of rainfall per hour for each
hour of a storm event; or
4.0 The maximum flow rate of runoff produced by the 85th percentile hourly rainfall intensity, as determined
from the local historical rainfall record, multiplied by a factor of two; or
5.0 The maximum flow rate of runoff, as determined from the local historical rainfall record, that achieves
approximately the same reduction in pollutant loads and flows as achieved by mitigation of the 85th
percentile hourly rainfall intensity multiplied by a factor of two.
Notes on Structural Treatment Limited Exclusions
Proposed restaurants, where the land area for development or redevelopment is less than 5,000 square
feet, are excluded from the numerical sizing criteria requirements listed in Table 3.
Where significant redevelopment results in an increase of less than 50 percent of the impervious surfaces
of a previously existing development, and the existing development was not subject to priority project
requirements, the numeric sizing criteria apply only to the addition, and not to the entire development.
15 S\VMPRev 6 4,08
2.3.3.5 Structural Treatment BMP Selection Procedure
Priority projects shall select a single or combination of treatment BMPs from the categories in Table 4 that
maximize pollutant removal for the particular pollutant(s) of concern.
1. Determine if the project would discharge to a Clean Water Act Section 303(d) impaired receiving
water. If any receiving waters for the project are impaired, identify the specific type of pollutant(s)
for which the receiving water(s) is/are impaired.
2. If the project is anticipated to generate a pollutant (per Table 2) for which the receiving water is
impaired, select one or more BMPs from Table 4 that maximize the pollutant removal for that
pollutant. Any pollutants the project is expected to generate that are also causing a Clean Water
Act section 303(d) impairment of the downstream receiving waters of the project shall be given
top priority in selecting treatment BMPs
3. If none of the project's receiving waters are listed as impaired, select one or more BMPs from
Table 4 that maximize the removal of the pollutants the project is anticipated to generate.
Alternative storm water BMPs not identified in Table 4 may be approved at the discretion of the City
Engineer, provided the alternative BMP is as effective in removal of pollutants of concern as other
feasible BMPs listed in Table 4.
Table 4. Structural Treatment Control BMP Selection Matrix^
Pollutants of
Concern
Coarse Sediment
and Trash
Pollutants that
tend to associate
with fine particles
during treatment
Pollutants that
tend to be
dissolved
following
treatment
/Bioretentiom
' Facilities I
(LID) /
&
^Tngh
High
Medium
Settling
Basins
(Dry Ponds)
High
High
Low
Wet Ponds
and
Wetlands
High
High
Medium
/InfiltratioriX
f Facilities on
Practices/
s. (LIDK
High
High
High
Media
Filters
High
High
Low
High-rate
biofilters
High
Medium
Low
High-rate
media
filters
High
Medium
Low
Trash Racks &
Hydro
-dynamic
Devices
High
Low
Low
2.3.3.6 Notes on Pollutants of Concern
In Table 4 above, Pollutants of Concern are grouped as gross pollutants, pollutants that tend to associate
with fine particles, and pollutants that remain dissolved. The table below distinguishes the pollutant types
associated with each of these three groupings.
Pollutant
Sediment
Nutrients
Heavy Metals
Organic Compounds
Trash & Debris
Oxygen Demanding
Bacteria
Oil & Grease
Pesticides
Coarse Sediment
and Trash
X
X
Pollutants that tend
to associate with
fine particles during
treatment
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Pollutants that tend
to be dissolved
following treatment
X
16 S\VMPRev6,4,08
BMP Sizing Calculations - Beckman Parking Lot Expansion
By: AJV Date: 7/14/09
BASIN
1
2
3
AREA
0.28
0.15
0.17
IMPERVIOUS
AREA
0.24
0.09
0.16
REQUIRED
BMP AREA**
419
157
279
ACTUAL BMP
AREA
790
640
350
CHOSEN BMP
SWALE
SWALE
SWALE
SWALE
I.D.
A
B
C
**Required BMP Area is calculated using the following formula: 0.04 x Impervious Area to be treated,
per Bioretention Design Theory, County of San Diego LID Handbook, by Rick Engineering
(See attached excerpt)
NOTE: This sizing calculation satisfies the "Flow-Based Sizing" Criteria of the City of Carlsbad SUSMP
Table 3 (e.g. Treatment Flowrate = 0.2 in/hour)
I:\091257\SUSMP\Parking Lot\BMP Sizing Spreadsheet.xls
Bioretention Design Theory
County of San Diego LID
Handbook
Section 3.1.3.4. And
Fact Sheet 7.
Photograph Courtesy ofEOA, Inc.
Presented By:
Roberta Cronquist, M.S., P.E
RICK
ENGINEERlMiCoMrASY
Sample Calculation
^JgjC^'^Tv
Flow Based Sizing
• Qtreat = C Itreat A
- Itreat = 0.2 in/hour
- Infiltration rate = 5 in/hour
- Area = C * (0.2 in/hr) * A
5 in/hour
• Area = C*A*4%
For This Example: _. _ . ^^^
Multi Family Residential Surrounding a Courtyard
A = 0.73 Ac C = 0.81
Area = (0.73 ac) (0.81) (4%) (43560 sq-ft/ac) =
Bioretention Surface Area = 715 sq-feet
To. 46
51^1^'V^rP?-'-
«^/--'V;;>
. -ISQll^
•^c^,JpS^^ fot^^
RICK
SECTION 9.0
Section 9.0
Post Construction BMPs Maintenance Cost Responsibilities
(All apply to Parking Area Expansion, Owner Maintained #'s 2, 3, and 4 apply to Dock
Addition)
Owner Maintained:
(Beckman Coulter, 2470 Faraday Ave., Carlsbad CA, 92010, 760-438-6313)
1. Planted slopes and landscaping
2. Periodic street sweeping (on-site)
3. Private storm drain systems
4. Storm drain stenciling and signage
5. Grass-lined vegetated swales
(to be mown and inspected regularly, twice per month during summer and once
per month during the rainy season, or as needed, with a routine inspection after
all storm events. Trash, garbage, and other visible pollutants/obstructions shall
be cleaned-up immediately)
City Maintained (after acceptance by City):
1. Periodic street sweeping (Public streets only)
2. Public storm drain systems
.$**»f