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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCT 02-14-06; BRESSI RANCH PA12 UNIT 6; WATER QUALITY TECHNICAL REPORT; 2004-04-01WATER OUALITY TECHNICAL REPORT BRESSI RANCH PLANNING AREA 12 CITY OF CARLSBAD, CA APRIL 2004 PROJECT NUMBER: CT 02-14 DRAWING NUMBER: 413-2A Prepared For: GREYSTONE HOMES 1525 Faraday, Suite 300 Carlsbad, CA 92008 PROJECTDESIGN CONSULTANTS PlASSlNG • EWIKON-MfNI-Al • ISGISLIKISH • .SCRVEI'/GPS 701 B Street, Suite 800, San Diego. 0\ 92101 6I9-23.S-6471 FAX 619-234,034') Job No. 2407,40 O UJ X o z < CL TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2 3. POLLUTANTS AND CONDITIONS OF CONCERN 3 Anticipated and Potential Pollutants from the Project Area 3 Pollutants of Concem in Receiving Waters 3 Beneficial Uses 4 Impaired Water Bodies 5 Watershed Pollutants of Concem 5 Conditions of Concem 5 4. STORM WATER BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 8 Site Design BMPs 8 Source Control BMPs 8 Project-Specific BMPs 10 Stmctural Treatment BMPs 10 Detention Basins 12 Filtration Systems 12 Hydrodynamic Separator Systems 15 BMP Selection 16 BMP Plan Assumptions 17 5. PROJECT BMP PLAN IMPLEMENTATION 19 Constmction BMPs 19 Recommended Post-Constmction BMP Plan 19 Operation and Maintenance Plans 20 6. PROJECT BMP COSTS/^ND FUNDING SOURCES 21 TABLES Table 1. Anticipated Conditions - Anticipated Pollutants and Sources 3 Table 2. Beneficial Uses for Inland Surface Waters 4 Table 3. Beneficial Uses for Groundwater 4 Table 4. Stmctural BMP Selection Matrix 11 Table 5. BMP Design Criteria 18 Table 6. Post-Constmction BMP Summary 20 Table 7. BMP Costs 21 APPENDICES 1. Storm Water Requirements Applicability Checklist 2. Project Maps 3. Drainage Calculations 4. Supplemental BMP Information 5. References Ul 1. INTRODUCTION This Water Quality Technical Report (WQTR) was prepared to define reconmiended project Best Management Practice (BMP) options that satisfy the requirements identified in the following documents: • City of Carlsbad Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan, April 2003, • County of San Diego Watershed Protection, Storm Water Management and Discharge Control Ordinance (County Ordinance), • Standard Specifications for Public Works Constraction, • NPDES General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Constraction Activity, and • San Diego Municipal NPDES Storm Water Permit (Order Number 2001-01). Specifically, this report includes the following: • Project description and location with respect to the Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin (Basin Plan); • BMP design criteria and water quality treatment flow and volume calculations; • Recommended BMP options for the project; • BMP device information for the recommended BMP options; and • Operation, maintenance, and funding for the recommended BMPs. T:\Water ResourcesWVater Quality\_Projects\2407,4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal 2 Joe - 1 - 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION This WQTR is provided for Bressi Ranch Planning Area 12. The project is located in the City of Carlsbad and is part of the Bressi Ranch Development. The project site is bounded by PA-9 to the west, open space to the north. El Fuerte Street to the east, and Poinsettia Lane to the south. The vicinity and site maps are available in Appendix 2. The total project site consists of 20 acres. The project consists of the constraction of 80 single family homes and associated roadways, utilities, and landscaping. The project also contains pool and recreation areas. The project area currently consists of mass graded pads with desilting basins per the Bressi Ranch Mass Grading Drainage Report. The backbone storm drain is in place to convey flow from the desilting basins. T:\Water Resouices\Water Quality\_Projects\2407.4-Bressi Resi(iential\wqer-pal2,doc •2- 3. POLLUTANTS AND CONDITIONS OF CONCERN Anticipated and Potential Pollutants from the Project Area Based on land use, potential pollutants from the site under existing conditions include sediment, nutrients, trash and debris, and pesticides. Anticipated pollutants from the site under proposed conditions include bacteria, sediment, nutrients, trash and debris, oil and grease, oxygen demanding substances, pesticides and heavy metals. TABLE 1. ANTICIPATED CONDITIONS - ANTICIPATED POLLUTANTS AND SOURCES Area Anticipated Pollutants Landscaped areas Sediment, nutrients, oxygen demanding substances, pesticides Rooftops Sediment, nutrients, trash and debris Recreational area Sediment, trash and debris, nutrients, oxygen demanding substances, pesticides, bacteria and virases Parking/driveways Sediment, heavy metals, trash and debris, oil and grease General residential use Sediment, trash and debris, bacteria and virases Trash storage areas Sediment, trash and debris, bacteria and viruses Swimming pool area Trash and debris, bacteria and virases, chemicals (primarily chlorine) Pollutants of Concern in Receiving Waters The Bressi Ranch Planning Area 12 Project is located in the Carlsbad Watershed (Hydrologic Unit 904.5) and is tributary to San Marcos Creek.^ The sections below provide the beneficial uses and identification of impaired water bodies within the project's hydrologic area. ' Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin, San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board TAWater ResourcesWVater QualityV.Projects\2407.4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal2,doc 3- Beneficial Uses The beneficial uses of the inland surface waters and the groundwater basins must not be threatened by the project. Tables 2 and 3 list the beneficial uses for the surface waters and groundwater within the project's hydrologic area. TABLE 2. BENEFICIAL USES FOR INLAND SURFACE WATERS Surface Water MUN AGR IND RECl REC2 WARM WILD San Marcos Creek -1-• • • • • TABLE 3. BENEFIOAL USES FOR GROUNDWATER Hydrologic Unit, Hydrologic Area MUN AGR IND 904.5, 904.51 -1-• • Source: Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin, September 1994 Notes for Tables 2 and 3: • = Existing Beneficial Use Potential Beneficial Use Excepted fi^om Municipal 0 = + = MUN - Municipal and Domestic Supply: Includes use of water for community, military, or individual water supply systems including, but not limited to, drinking water supply. AGR - Agricultural Supply: Includes use of water for farming, horticulture, or ranching including, but not limited to, irrigation, stock watering, or support of vegetation for range grazing. IND - Industrial Services Supply: Includes use of water for industrial activities that do not depend primarily on water quality including, but not limited to, mining, cooling water supply, hydraulic conveyance, gravel washing, fire protection, or oil well re-pressurization. RECl - Contact Recreation: Includes use of water for recreational activities involving body contact with water where ingestion of water is reasonably possible. These uses include, but are not limited to, swimming, wading, water-skiing, skin and SCUBA diving, surfing, white water activities, fishing, or use of natural hot springs. REC2 - Non-Contact Recreation: Includes use of water for recreation involving proximity to water, but not normally involving body contact with water where ingestion of water is reasonably possible. These uses include, but are not Umited to, picnicking, sunbathing, hiking, camping, boating, tide pool and marine Hfe study, hunting, sightseeing, or aesthetic enjoyment in conjunction with the above activities. WARM - Warm Freshwater Habitat: Includes uses of water that support warm water ecosystems including, but not limited to, preservation or enhancement of aquatic habitats, vegetation, fish or wildlife, including invertebrates. WILD-Wildlife Habitat: Includes uses of water that support terrestrial ecosystems including but not limited to, preservation and enhancement of terrestrial habitats, vegetation, wildlife, (e.g., mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates), or wildlife and food sources. T:\Water ResourcesWVater Quality\_Projects\2407,4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal2Joc 4- Impaired Water Bodies Section 303(d) of the Federal Clean Water Act (CWA, 33 USC 1250, et seq., at 1313(d)), requires States to identify and list waters that do not meet water quality standards after applying certain required technology-based effluent limits (impaired water bodies). The list is known as the Section 303(d) list of impaired waters. The proposed project is not directly tributary to a 303(d) hsted water body. The closest impaired water body is the Pacific Ocean Shoreline, San Marcos HA. The Pacific Ocean Shorehne, San Marcos HA is 303(d) hsted for bacteria. In addition to the Section 303(d) Hst of impaired waters, the State of Califomia also identifies waters of concern that may be included on the 303(d) list in the very near future. These waters have some indications that they are impaired, but there is currently insufficient data to meet the requirements for inclusion on the 303(d) hst of impaired waters. This list is known as the Monitoring List (2002). The proposed project is not directly tributary to a Monitoring List (2002) water body. The closest Monitoring List (2002) water body is the Aqua Hedionda Lagoon. The Aqua Hedionda Lagoon is Usted for copper and selenium. Watershed Pollutants of Concem The proposed project is located within the Carlsbad Watershed. According to the Carlsbad Watershed Urban Runoff Management Program, the pollutants of concem for the Carlsbad Watershed are bacteria, diazinon, sediment, total dissolved solids, and nutrients. Conditions of Concern A drainage study was conducted by a California Registered Civil Engineer (RCE) to identify the conditions of concem for this project. The drainage calculations are available in Appendix 3. Following is the summary of findings from the study: TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_Projects\2407.4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal 2 Joe 5- Drainage Pattems: Under existing conditions, the northem Project area sheet flows to the southeast comer and into a desilting basin before entering the backbone storm drain system. The southem Project area sheet flows to the southwest comer and into a desilting basin before entering the backbone storm drain system. Both desilting basins receive offsite flow. See Bressi Ranch Mass Grading Drainage Report for desilting basin sizing. In the proposed condition, northem Project Area [Basin 1 (N)] ranoff drains across the lots and into the streets where it is picked up by storm drain ranning along Palmetto and Live Oaks Drive. This ranoff combines with Basin 1 (S) ranoff and offsite flow before entering the Bressi Ranch backbone storm drain system at the Greenhaven and Live Oaks Drive intersection. The southem portion of the site drains to onsite storm drain ranning along Ascot Street and enters the Poinsettia Lane storm drain system at station 70-1-00. Soil Conditions and Imperviousness: The project area consists of soil group D. Under existing conditions, the project area is less than 5% impervious and the ranoff coefficient is 0.55. Under the proposed conditions, the project area will be 55% impervious and the overall ranoff coefficient is expected to be 0.55. Rainfall Runoff Characteristics: Under existing conditions, the project area generates approximately 17 CFS (2-year storm) and 24 CFS (lO-year storm) of storm water ranoff. Under the proposed conditions, the site will generate approximately 18 CFS (2-year storm) and 25 CFS (10-year storm) of storm water ranoff. See the Drainage Report for Bressi Ranch Residential Planning Areas 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12, September 2003 for proposed condition lOO-year runoff values and exhibits and the Drainage Report for Bressi Ranch Mass-Graded Condition, February 2003 for existing lOO-year ranoff values and exhibits. Appendix 3 in this report contains computations for 2-year and lO- year existing and proposed ranoff, corresponding to the exhibits in the abovementioned drainage reports. Note that proposed system 5086 has been calibrated to reflect the Project area without offsite flows. Also note that computations for Basin 1 North (System 200) reflect AES nodes displayed on WQTR Exhibit A. TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_Projects\2407.4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal2,doc -6- • Downstream Conditions: There is no expected adverse impact on downstream conditions as existing drainage discharge locations will be maintained. The water quality will be improved by the development through the implementation of site design, source control, and treatment BMPs. The existing pipe's outfall is designed to protect against high velocity erosion in the proposed condition. Detention basins are utilized to mitigate the increase of peak flows from the Bressi Ranch Development. TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_Projects\2407.4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal2.doe 7- 4. STORM WATER BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES The City Storm Water Standards Manual (Section III.2) requires the implementation of applicable site design, source control, project-specific, and stractural treatment control BMPs. Site Design BMPs The following BMPs were considered in the project design process: • Reduce impervious surfaces, • Conserve natural areas, • Minimize directly connected areas, and • Protect slopes and channels. Some ofthe specific site design BMPs incorporated into this project include: • Protect slopes and channels o All slopes will be stabilized with hydroseed or equivalent erosion control measures. o The outfalls are equipped with a D-41 energy dissipater and/or a riprap pad to prevent high velocity erosion. Source Control BMPs The following BMPs were considered in the project design process: • Inlet stenciling and signage, • Materials storage, • Trash storage, TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_Projects\2407.4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal2.doe -8- • Efficient irrigation, and • Integrated pest management principles. Some of the specific source control BMPs incorporated into this project include: • Inlet stencihng and signage o All inlets within the project boundaries will be stenciled or stamped with "No Dumping -1 Live Downstream," or as approved by the City Engineer. • Covered trash storage o All trash storage is covered due to the design of the standard-issue residential City of San Diego automated refuse containers. • Efficient irrigation o All Home Owners' Association (HOA) maintained landscaped areas will include rain shutoff devices to prevent irrigation during and after precipitation, and the irrigation will be designed for the area specific water requirements. Flow reducers and shutoff valves triggered by pressure drop will be used to control water loss from broken sprinkler heads or lines. • Storm water education o Educational materials on storm water issues and simple ways to prevent storm water pollution will be made available to residents. • Integrated pest management principles o Residents and groundskeepers will be educated on pest management principles. TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_Projects\2407,4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal2Joe 9- o In HOA areas, only professional pest controllers will be used for the application of pesticides. Materials on how to control pests using non-toxic methods will be made available to maintenance personnel. Project-Specific BMPs The City Storm Water Standards Manual requires specific BMPs if the project includes private roads, residential driveways and guest parking, dock areas, maintenance bays, vehicle and equipment wash areas, outdoor processing areas, surface parking areas, non-retail fueling areas, or steep hillside landscaping. The Bressi Ranch Residential Planning Area 12 Project has residential driveways and private roads. The City Storm Water Standards Manual lists five options for residential driveways and three options for private roads. The Bressi Ranch Residential Planning Area 12 Project does not include any of these options. However, the intent of the Storm Water Standards is to reduce the discharge of pollutants from storm water conveyance systems to the Maximum Extent Practicable (MEP statutory standard) throughout the use of a developed site. The Bressi Ranch Residential Planning Area 12 Project meets this objective by including treatment BMPs before discharging to the unnamed creek. Structural Treatment BMPs The selection of stractural treatment BMP options is determined by the target pollutants, removal efficiencies, expected flows, and space availability. Table 4 is a selection matrix for stractural treatment BMPs based on target pollutants and removal efficiencies. TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_Projects\2407,4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal 2 Joe 10- TABLE 4. STRUCTURAL BMP SELECTION MATRIX Pollutant Categories Treatment Control BMP Categories Pollutant Categories Biofilters Detention Basins Infiltration Basins Wet Ponds or Wetlands Drainage Inserts Filtration Hydrodynamic Separator Systems Sediment M H H H L H H Nutrients L M M M L M L Heavy Metals M M M H L H L Organic Compounds U U U U L M L Trash & Debris L H u u M H H Oxygen Demanding Substances L M M M L M L Bacteria U U H U L M L Oil& Grease M M U u L H L Pesticides U U U u L U L Notes for Table 4: (1) Including trenches and porous pavement (2) Also known as hydrodynamic devices and baffle boxes L: Low removal efficiency M: Medium removal efficiency H: High removal efficiency U: Unknown removal efficiency The target pollutants for this project in order of general priority are sediment (with attached materials such as bacteria and virases, nutrients, pesticides, and metals), oxygen demanding substances, trash and debris, and oil and grease. Based on the target pollutants and typical removal efficiencies, the treatment BMP options to consider include detention basins, infiltration basins, wet ponds, filtration and hydrodynamic separator systems. The soil characteristics and the onsite drainage pattems for Planning Area 12 make infiltration basins and wet ponds infeasible for this project. TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_Piojects\2407.4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal2Joe 11 - Detention Basins Detention basins (a.k.a. dry extended detention ponds, dry ponds, extended detention basins, detention ponds, extended detention ponds) are basins with controlled outlets designed to detain storm water ranoff, allowing particles and associated pollutants to settle. Detention basins may be designed to include vegetation, allowing for ftirther pollutant removal through infiltration and natural pollutant uptake by vegetation. Detention basins are among the most widely appUcable storm water management practices. They should be used for drainage areas of at least 10 acres, and they can be used with almost all types of soils and geology. Detention basins for improving water quality can also be designed and used as flood control devices. Based on the size of the Bressi Ranch development and proposed site plan, detention basins are a feasible option for treating the storm water ranoff from this project. Note that the existing detention basins for Bressi Ranch will not be used for water quality purposes since the basins are designed for flood control purposes only. Filtration Systems Filtration systems include bioretention, sand and organic filters, and proprietary devices.^ Bioretention Bioretention areas are landscape features designed to provide treatment of storm water ranoff. These areas are typically shallow, landscaped depressions, located within small pockets of residential land uses. During storms, the runoff ponds above the mulch and soil of the bioretention system. The ranoff filters through the mulch and soil mix, typically being collected in a perforated underdrain and retumed to the MS4. ^ National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II, US EPA. TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_Projects\2407,4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal2,doc - 12- Sand and Organic Filters For sand and organic filtration systems, there are five basic storm water filter designs: o Surface sand filter: This is the original sand filter design with the filter bed and sediment chamber placed aboveground. The surface sand filter is designed as an offline system that receives only the smaller water quality events. o Underground filter: This is the original sand filter design with the filter bed and sediment chamber placed underground. It is an offline system that receives only the smaller water quality events. o Perimeter filter: This is the only filtering option that is an online system with an overflow chamber to accommodate large storm events. o Organic media filter: This is a slight modification to the surface sand filter, with the sand medium replaced with or supplemented by an organic medium to enhance poUutant removal of many compounds. o Multi-Chamber Treatment Train: This is an underground system with three filtration chambers designed to achieve very high pollutant removal rates. Proprietary Devices Proprietary filtration devices include offline filtration systems, online filter units, and filtration based inlet inserts. Proprietary catch basin insert devices contain a filtering medium placed inside the stormwater system's catch basins. The insert can contain one or more treatment mechanisms, which include filtration, sedimentation, or gravitational absorption of oils. The water flows into the inlet, through the filter, where pollutants and contaminants are removed, and then into the drainage system. There are two primary designs for inlet inserts. One design uses fabric filter bags that are suspended in place by the grate or by retainer rods placed across the catch basin. The fabric filter design includes a skirt that directs the storm water flow to a pouch that may be equipped with TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_Projects\2407.4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal2.doc -13- oil-absorbing pillows. These inlet inserts are typically equipped with "Bypass Ports" to prevent flooding during large storm events. Maintenance on the fabric filter inserts includes periodic inspection and replacement of the entire insert when it becomes clogged with captured pollutants. The other design for inlet inserts uses stainless steel, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), or other durable materials to form a basket or cage-Uke insert placed inside the catch basin. This basket contains the filter medium and absorbent materials that treat the storm water as it passes through. These inlet inserts are also equipped with bypass pathways to allow normal operation of the storm drain system during large storm events. Maintenance on the basket-type inlet inserts includes periodic inspection and removal and replacement of the filter medium and absorbent materials (not the entire inlet insert). There are several types of proprietary inlet inserts for both design types: • Fabric Filter Bag Design o Stream Guard: Stream Guard works by initially capturing sediment and trash and debris, and then combats dissolved oil, nutrients and metals through a filter media. o Ultra-Drainguard: Ultra-Drainguard works by initially capturing sediment and trash and debris, and then combats dissolved oil, nutrients and metals through a filter media. The Ultra-Drainguard has an oil absorbent pillow that can be replaced separate from the filter during times of large free-oil runoff. ^ • Basket-type Inlet Inserts o AbTech Ultra-Urban Filter: The Ultra-Urban Filter is a cost-effective BMP designed for use in storm drains that experience oil and grease pollution accompanied by sediment and trash and debris. The oil is permanently bonded to a SmartSponge, while sediment and trash and debris are captured in an intemal basket. 3 URL: http://www.epa.gov/regionl/assistance/ceitts/stormwater/techs/ TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_Projects\2407,4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal2 Joe 14- o AquaGuard: AquaGuard works by initially capturing sediment and trash and debris, and then combats dissolved oil, nutrients and metals through a filter media. AquaGuard compares to others by being easy to handle, i.e. no special lifting equipment for filter removal.^ o FloGard: FloGard uses catch basin filtration, placing catch basin insert devices with a filter medium just under the grates of the stormwater system's catch basins. FloGard handles non-soluble solids such as sediment, gravel, and hydrocarbons, which are all potential pollutants originating from the roof and parking lot. FloGard is available for standard catch basins and for roof downspouts. Recommended Filtration System Option Sand, media, and bioretention filters require large amounts of land and have extremely high maintenance costs compared to proprietary filtration designs. Of the two types of filtration based inlet insert designs, experience within Southem Califomia has shown the basket-type inlet inserts to be more reliable and less cumbersome for maintenance and proper operation.^ Therefore, the best type of filtration system for this project is one of the basket-type proprietary filtration based inlet inserts. Hydrodynamic Separator Systems Hydrodynamic separator systems (HDS) are flow-through stractures with a settling or separation unit to remove sediments and other pollutants that are widely used in storm water treatment. No outside power source is required, because the energy of the flowing water allows the sediments to efficiently separate. Depending on the type of unit, this separation may be by means of swirl action or indirect filtration. 2003 KriStar Enterprises, Inc. ' Correspondence with the City of Dana Point, the City of Encinitas, and the City of Santa Monica TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_Projeets\2407.4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal2.doe -15- Hydrodynamic separator systems are most effective where the materials to be removed from ranoff are heavy particulates that can be settled or floatables that can be captured, rather than solids with poor settleability or dissolved pollutants. For hydrodynamic separator systems, there are four major proprietary types: • Continuous Deflective Separation (CDS): CDS provides the lowest cost overall when compared to other HDS units. A sorbent material can be added to remove unattached oil and grease.^ • Downstream Defender™: Downstream Defender traps sediment while intercepting oil 7 and grease with a small head loss. • Stormceptor®: Stormceptor traps sediment while intercepting oil and grease.^ • Vortechs™: Vortechs combines baffle walls, circular grit chambers, flow control chambers, and an oil chamber to remove settleable solids and floatables from the storm water ranoff.^ Recommended Hydrodynamic Separator System Option All of the abovementioned devices sufficiently remove the pollutants of concern from this site. The best hydrodynamic separator for this project is the CDS unit because of its relatively low cost and because it has been widely used in San Diego County. BMP Selection Basin 1 (N &S) Basket-type proprietary filtration-based inlet inserts and CDS units are feasible options for this project. The recommended treatment BMP is a CDS Unit. The CDS Unit will be able to treat * CDS Technologies Inc 2002 ' 2003 Hydro Intemational * Stormceptor 2003 'http://www.epa.gov/owm/mtb/hydro.pdf TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_Projects\2407.4-Bressi ResidentiaI\wqtr-pal2,doc 16- multiple planning areas in the Bressi Ranch Development, including Planning Area 12. The CDS Unit will have lower maintenance frequency and costs than the inlet inserts due to the large number of inlets in the planning areas. Basin 2 A small CDS Unit is the recommended treatment BMP for Basin 2 of PA 12. Storm water will be treated by the CDS unit prior to entering the Poinsettia Lane Storm Drain System at station 70-1-00, ultimately discharging into the unnamed creek. BMP Plan Assumptions The following assumptions were made in calculating the required BMP sizes: Only flows generated onsite will be treated. All offsite flow treatment will be the responsibility of the upstream owners. • An averaged ranoff coefficient, 'C value, of 0.65 was used in the ranoff calculations for Basin 1 and the other planning areas draining into the large CDS unit at the southwest comer of the intersection of El Fuerte and Poinsettia Lane. • A ranoff coefficient, 'C value, of 0.55 was used in the ranoff calculations for Basin 2. • Treatment of Storm water ranoff on PA 12 will be designed such that offsite (other Bressi Ranch ranoff) flows will be treated with the same treatment BMPs. Table 5 sunnmarizes the criteria that should be implemented in the design of the recommended project BMP. TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_PtBjects\2407,4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal2,doc -17- TABLE 5. BMP DESIGN CRITERLV BMP Hydrology Treatment Area/Volume Design Constraints Basin 1 Flow-based: Q=CIA I = 0.2 in/hour C= ranoff coefficient A = acreage Qtreatment= 19.2 CFS I = 0.2 in/hour C= 0.65 A = 148.0 acres • Locate outside public right-of-way • Facilitate access for maintenance • Avoid utility conflicts • Treatment Area/Volume also include Bressi Ranch Planning Areas 5, 7b, 8, 9,12 (Basin 1), 13, 14, and 15b. Basin 2 Flow-based: Q=CIA I = 0.2 in/hour C= ranoff coefficient A = acreage Qtreatment= Ll CFS I = 0.2 in/hour C= 0.55 A = 10.2 acres • Locate outside public right-of-way • Facilitate access for maintenance • Avoid utility conflicts TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_Projects\2407,4-Bressi Residential\wqlr-pal2Joe 18- 5. PROJECT BMP PLAN IMPLEMENTATION This section identifies the recommended BMP options that meet the applicable storm water and water quality ordinance requirements. This includes incorporating BMPs to minimize and mitigate for ranoff contamination and volume from the site. The plan was developed per the proposed roadway and lot layout/density associated with the site. Construction BMPs During constraction, BMPs such as desilting basins, silt fences, sand bags, gravel bags, fiber rolls, and other erosion control measures may be employed consistent with the NPDES Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). The objectives ofthe SWPPP are to: • Identify all pollutant sources, including sources of sediment that may affect the water quality of storm water discharges associated with constraction activity from the constraction site; • Identify non-storm water discharges; • Identify, constract, implement in accordance with a time schedule, and maintain BMPs to reduce or eliminate pollutants in storm water discharges and authorized non-storm water discharges from the constraction site during constraction; and • Develop a maintenance schedule for BMPs installed during constraction designed to reduce or eliminate pollutants after constraction is completed (post-constraction BMPs). Recommended Post-Construction BMP Plan PDC has identified a recommended water quality BMP plan for the Bressi Ranch Residential Planning Area 12 Project. The following BMP plan is preliminary and is subject to change pending City review and implementation of ftiture policy requirements, and final engineering design. TAWater ResourcesWater QuaJity\_Projeets\2407,4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal2 Joe -19- The recommended post-construction BMP plan includes site design, source control, and treatment BMPs. The site design and source control BMPs include protection of slopes and channels, inlet stenciling and signage, covered trash storage, efficient irrigation, storm water education, and integrated pest management principles. The treatment BMPs selected for this project are two CDS Units. TABLE 6. POST-CONSTRUCTION BMP SUMMARY Pollutant Pollutant Sources Mitigation Measures Sediment and attached pollutants (nutrients, pesticides, heavy metals) Landscaping, driveways, rooftops, recreational area, general use Inlet StenciUng and signage, education of residents, CDS Unit Trash and debris General use, trash storage areas, rooftops, recreational area, driveways Inlet stenciling and signage, covered trash storage, education of residents, CDS Unit Bacteria and virases Trash storage areas, general use, recreational area, pool Covered trash storage, education of residents, pool drains to sanitary sewer Oxygen demanding substances Landscaping, driveways and roadways, recreational area Inlet StenciUng and signage, regular City of San Diego yard waste pickup, education of residents, detention basin, CDS Unit Oil and grease Driveways, roadways Inlet StenciUng and signage, education of residents, CDS Unit Operation and Maintenance Plans The City Municipal Code requires a description of the long-term maintenance requirements of proposed BMPs and a description of the mechanism that will ensure ongoing long-term maintenance. Operation and maintenance plans for the recommended post-constraction BMP for this project are located in Appendix 4. The Project BMP costs and the maintenance funding sources are provided in the following section. TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_Projeets\2407,4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal2Joe -20- 6. PROJECT BMP COSTS AND FUNDING SOURCES Table 7 below provides the anticipated capital and annual maintenance costs for the CDS Units. TABLE?. BMP COSTS BMP OPTION Equipment Cost Installation Cost Annual Maintenance Cost 1. Single CDS Unit Model PMSU 70_70 $64,900* $55,900 $1,000 2. Single CDS Unit Model PMSU 20_25 $14,700* $3,800 $1,000 *CDS Units are a proprietary BMP and may vary in cost at the manufacturer's discretion. The developer will incur the capital cost for the BMP installation. The responsible party for long-term maintenance and ftinding is the Home Owners' Association (HOA) for Bressi Ranch. TAWater ResourcesWater Quality\_Projects\2407,4-Bressi Residential\wqtr-pal2Joe -21 - APPENDIX 1 Storm Water Requirements Applicability Checklist storm Water Standards 4/03/03 VI. RESOURCES & REFERENCES APPENDIXA STORM WATER REQUIREMENTS APPLICABILITY CHECKLIST Complete Sections 1 and 2 of the following checklist to determine your project's permanent and construction storm water best management practices requirements. This form must be completed and submitted with your permit application. Section 1. Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements: If any answers to Part A are answered "Yes," your project is subject to the "Priority Project Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements," and "Standard Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements" in Section III, "Permanent Storm Water BMP Selection Procedure" in the Storm Water Standards manual. If all answers to Part A are "No," and any answers to Part B are "Yes," your project is only subject to the "Standard Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements". If every question in Part A and B is answered "No," your project is exempt from permanent storm water requirements. Part A: Determine Priority Project Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirenients Does the project meet the definition of one or more of the priority project categories?* Yes No 1. Detached residential development of 10 or more units 2. Attached residential development of 10 or more units 3. Commercial development greater than 100,000 square feet 17" 4. Automotive repair shop 5. Restaurant 6. Steep hillside development greater than 5,000 square feet 7. Project discharging to receiving waters within Environmentally Sensitive Areas Parking lots greater than or equal to 5,000 ft^ or with at least 15 parking spaces, and potentially exposed to urban runoff streets, roads, highways, and freeways which would create a new paved surface that is 5,000 square feet or greater * Refer to the definitions section in the Sform Water Standards for expanded definitions of the priority project categories. Limited Exclusion: Trenching and resurfacing work associated with utility projects are not considered priority projects. Parking lots, buildings and other structures associated with utility projects are priority projects if one or more of the criteria in Part A is met. If all answers to Part A are "No", continue to Part B. 30 storm Water Standards 4/03/03 Part B: Determine Standard Permanent Storm Water Requirements Does the project propose: Yes No 1. New impervious areas, such as rooftops, roads, parking lots, driveways, paths and sidewalks? 2. New pervious landscape areas and irrigation systems? 3. Permanent structures within 100 feet of any natural water body? y 4. Trash storage areas? V 5. Liquid or solid material loading and unloading areas? 6. Vehicle or equipment fueling, washing, or maintenance areas? 7. Require a General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activities (Except construction)?* y/ 8. Commercial or industrial waste handling or storage, excluding typical office or household waste? 9. Any grading or qround disturbance during construction? 10. Any new storm drains, or alteration to existing storm drains? *To find out if your project is required to obtain an individual General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activities, visit the State Water Resources Control Board web site at, wAvw.swrcb.ca.qov/stormwtr/industrial.html Section 2. Construction Storm Water BMP Requirements: If the answer to question 1 of Part C is answered "Yes," your project is subject to Section IV, "Construction Storm Water BMP Performance Standards," and must prepare a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). If the answer to question 1 is "No," but the answer to any of the remaining questions is "Yes," your project is subject to Section IV, "Construction Storm Water BMP Performance Standards," and must prepare a Water Pollution Control Plan (WPCP). If every question in Part C is answered "No," your project is exempt from any construcUon storm water BMP requirements. If any of the answers to the quesUons in Part C are "Yes," complete the construction site prioritization in Part D, below. Part C: Determine Construction Phase Storm Water Requirements. Would the project meet any of these criteria during construction? Yes No 1. Is the project subject to California's statewide General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated With Construction Activities? \/ 2. Does the project propose grading or soil disturbance? y 3. Would storm water or urban runoff have the potential to contact any portion of the construction area, including washing and staging areas? 4. Would the project use any construction materials that could negatively affect water quality if discharged from the site (such as, paints, solvents, concrete, and stucco)? / 31 storm Water Standards 4/03/03 Part D: Determine Construction Site Priority In accordance with the Municipal Permit, each construction site with construction storm water BMP requirements must be designated with a priority: high, medium or low. This prioritizaUon must be completed with this form, noted on the plans, and included in the SWPPP or WPCP. Indicate the project's priority in one of the check boxes using the criteria below, and existing and surrounding conditions of the project, the type of activities necessary to complete the construcUon and any other extenuating circumstances that may pose a threat to water quality. The City reserves the right to adjust the priority of the projects both before and during construction. [Note: The construcUon priority does NOT change construcUon BMP requirements that apply to projects; all construction BMP requirements must be identified on a case-by-case basis. The construction priority does affect the frequency of inspections that will be conducted by City staff. See SecUon IV.1 for more details on construcUon BMP requirements.] A) High Priority 1) Projects where the site is 50 acres or more and grading will occur during the rainy season 2) Projects 5 acres or more. 3) Projects 5 acres or more within or directly adjacent to or discharging directly to a coastal lagoon or other receiving water within an environmentally sensitive area Projects, acUve or inactive, adjacent or tributary to sensitive water bodies Q B) Med/wm Priority 1) Capital Improvement Projects where grading occurs, however a Storm Water PolluUon PrevenUon Plan (SWPPP) is not required under the State General ConstrucUon Permit (i.e., water and sewer replacement projects, intersecUon and street re-alignments, widening, comfort staUons, etc.) 2) Permit projects in the public right-of-way where grading occurs, such as installaUon of sidewalk, substanUal retaining walls, curb and gutter for an entire street frontage, etc., however SWPPPs are not required. 3) Permit projects on private property where grading permits are required, however, NoUce Of Intents (NOIs) and SWPPPs are not required. • C) Low Priority 1) Capital Projects where minimal to no grading occurs, such as signal light and loop installations, street light installaUons, etc. 2) Permit projects in the public right-of-way where minimal to no grading occurs, such as pedestrian ramps, driveway additions, small retaining walls, etc. 3) Permit projects on private property where grading permits are not required, such as small retaining walls, single-family homes, small tenant improvements, etc. 32 APPENDIX 2 Project Maps APPENDIX 3 Drainage Calculations ******************************************************************** RATIONAL METHOD HYDROLOGY COMPUTER PROGRAM PACKAGE Reference: SAN DIEGO COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT 1985,1981 HYDROLOGY MANUAL (c) Copyright 1982-2002 Advanced Engineering Software (aes) Ver. 1.5A Release Date: 01/01/2002 License ID 1509 Analysis prepared by: ProjectDesign Consultants 701 B Street, Suite 800 San Diego, CA 92101 ************************** DESCRIPTION OF STUDY ************************** * BRESSI RANCH - MASS GRADING ULTIMATE CONDITIONS * * PA - 12 SOUTH TRIBUTARY TO BACKBONE SYSTEM * * 2-YEAR STORM EVENT - SYSTEM 5095 * ************************************************************** + * + *.jt^-jt**.^-jt..jt FILE NAME: 5095.DAT TIME/DATE OF STUDY: 09:33 07/11/2003 USER SPECIFIED HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULIC MODEL INFORMATION: 1985 SAN DIEGO MANUAL CRITERIA USER SPECIFIED STORM EVENT(YEAR) = 2.00 6-HOUR DURATION PRECIPITATION (INCHES) = 1.350 SPECIFIED MINIMUM PIPE SIZE(INCH) = 18.00 SPECIFIED PERCENT OF GRADIENTS(DECIMAL) TO USE FOR FRICTION SLOPE = 0.90 SAN DIEGO HYDROLOGY MANUAL "C"-VALUES USED FOR RATIONAL METHOD NOTE: ONLY PEAK CONFLUENCE VALUES CONSIDERED *USER-DEFINED STREET-SECTIONS FOR COUPLED PIPEFLOW AND STREETFLOW MODEL* HALF- CROWN TO STREET-CROSSFALL: CURB GUTTER-GEOMETRIES: MANNING WIDTH CROSSFALL IN- / OUT-/PARK- HEIGHT WIDTH LIP HIKE FACTOR NO. (FT) (FT) SIDE / SIDE/ WAY (FT) (FT) (FT) (FT) (n) 1 20.0 15.0 0.020/0.020/0.020 0.50 1.50 0.0313 0.125 0.0175 GLOBAL STREET FLOW-DEPTH CONSTRAINTS: 1. Relative Flow-Depth = 0.50 FEET as (Maximuin Allowable Street Flow Depth) - (Top-of-Curb) 2. (Depth)*(Velocity) Constraint = 6.0 (FT*FT/S) *SIZE PIPE WITH A FLOW CAPACITY GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO THE UPSTREAM TRIBUTARY PIPE.* *********************************************************^:^,^,^,^:^:ic^^.^^;^r^rir****** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5092.00 TO NODE 5093.00 IS CODE = 21 »»>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS««< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH = 142.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION = 214.50 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION = 213.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE = 1.50 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MINUTES) = 11.584 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.069 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.22 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.19 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.22 *********************************************************************i,i,i,i,ir** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5093.00 TO NODE 5094.00 IS CODE = 62 »»>COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »>» (STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)««< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 213.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 192.00 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 794.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 2 0.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 1.29 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.25 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 6.26 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 2.53 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.64 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 5.22 Tc(MIN.) = 16.81 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.627 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 2.39 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 2.14 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 2.58 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 2.36 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.29 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 8.37 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 2.88 DEPTH*VELOCITY{FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.84 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5092.00 TO NODE 5094.00 = 936.00 FEET. ***************************************************************i.*;(t,tjti,j.jt^.j.,t^,^ FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5094.00 TO NODE 5095.00 IS CODE = 31 »»>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »»>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 192.00 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 191.50 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 8.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 3.7 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 8.87 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 2.36 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.02 Tc(MIN.) = 16.82 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5092.00 TO NODE 5095.00 = 944.00 FEET. END OF STUDY SUMMARY: TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 2.58 TC(MIN.) = 16.82 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 2.36 END OF RATIONAL METHOD ANALYSIS ***************************************************i.J^.Jt********************** RATIONAL METHOD HYDROLOGY COMPUTER PROGRAM PACKAGE Reference: SAN DIEGO COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT 2003,1985,1981 HYDROLOGY MANUAL (c) Copyright 1982-2003 Advanced Engineering Software (aes) Ver. 1.5A Release Date: 01/01/2003 License ID 1509 Analysis prepared by: ProjectDesign Consultants San Diego, CA., 92101 Suite 800 619-235-6471 ************************** DESCRIPTION OF STUDY ************************** * RESIDENTIAL LOTS HYDROLOGY * * PLANNING AREA 12 - BRESSI RANCH * * SYSTEM 5086 * ***************************************************^jt,t******************** FILE NAME: 5086.DAT TIME/DATE OF STUDY: 08:59 03/24/2004 USER SPECIFIED HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULIC MODEL INFORMATION: 1985 SAN DIEGO MANUAL CRITERIA USER SPECIFIED STORM EVENT(YEAR) = 2.00 6-HOUR DURATION PRECIPITATION (INCHES) = 1.300 SPECIFIED MINIMUM PIPE SIZE(INCH) = 18.00 SPECIFIED PERCENT OF GRADIENTS(DECIMAL) TO USE FOR FRICTION SLOPE = 0.90 SAN DIEGO HYDROLOGY MANUAL "C"-VALUES USED FOR RATIONAL METHOD NOTE: ONLY PEAK CONFLUENCE VALUES CONSIDERED *USER-DEFINED STREET-SECTIONS FOR COUPLED PIPEFLOW AND STREETFLOW MODEL* HALF- CROWN TO STREET-CROSSFALL: CURB GUTTER-GEOMETRIES: MANNING WIDTH CROSSFALL IN- / OUT-/PARK- HEIGHT WIDTH LIP HIKE FACTOR NO. (FT) (FT) SIDE / SIDE/ WAY (FT) (FT) (FT) (FT) (n) 1 20.0 15.0 0.020/0.020/0.020 0.50 1.50 0.0313 0.125 0.0175 GLOBAL STREET FLOW-DEPTH CONSTRAINTS: 1. Relative Flow-Depth = 0.50 FEET as (Maximuin Allowable Street Flow Depth) - (Top-of-Curb) 2. (Depth)*(Velocity) Constraint = 6.0 (FT*FT/S) *SIZE PIPE WITH A FLOW CAPACITY GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO THE UPSTREAM TRIBUTARY PIPE.* ********************************************************,t**i.^,i.jt,t************ FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.20 IS CODE = 21 »»>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS««< *USER SPECIFIED(SUBAREA): SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .4500 S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 NATURAL WATERSHED NOMOGRAPH TIME OF CONCENTRATION (APPENDIX X-A) WITH 10-MIN. ADDED = 11.08(MIN.) INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 370.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 410.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 270.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 140.00 NATURAL WATERSHED TIME OF CONCENTRATION = 11.08 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.050 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.92 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 1.00 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.92 *************-*********************************,.,,,,,,,,, FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.20 TO NODE 5086.30 IS CODE = 51 »>»COMPUTE TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNEL FLOW««< __>>>»TRAVELTIME THRU SUBAREA (EXISTING ELEMENT) ««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM (FEET) = 270.00 DOWNSTR^lFECTr = ^"^l4ror^ CHANNEL LENGTH THRU SUBAREA{FEET) = 300.00 CHANNEL SLOPE = 0 1000 CHANNEL BASE(FEET) = 5.00 "Z" FACTOR = 3 000 MANNING'S FACTOR = 0.035 MAXIMUM DEPTH(FEET) = 2 00 CHANNEL FLOW THRU SUBAREA(CFS) = 0.92 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 2.41 FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0 07 TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 2.08 Tc(MIN.) = 13 16 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.30= 67 0.00 FEET. **********************************************.,..,,,,,,,,, FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.30 TO NODE 5086.30 IS CODE = 81 »»>ADDITION OF SUBAREA TO MAINLINE PEAK FLOW««< 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1 835 *USER SPECIFIED(SUBAREA): SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .4500 S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 5.75 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 4 75 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 6.75 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 5 67 TC(MIN.) = 13.16 **********************************************.. FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.30 TO NODE 5086.33 IS CODE = 31 »»>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< ^^lll'^l^^l^^J^O^^Y^^^-'^STlMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM (FEET) = 240.00 DOWNSTOEAMT FEETr="""22ror""" FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 600.00 MANNING'S N = 0 013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 6.9 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 9.09 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = T PIPE-FLOW(CFS) =5.67 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 1.10 Tc(MIN.) = 14 26 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.33 = 1270.00 FEET. ***********************************************,.., FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.33 TO NODE 5086.33 IS CODE = 1 >»»DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 1 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 14.26 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 1.74 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 6.75 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 5.67 ***********************************************************************jt-(tjt*jt FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.31 TO NODE 5086.32 IS CODE = 21 »»>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS««< *USER SPECIFIED(SUBAREA): SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .4500 S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 NATURAL WATERSHED NOMOGRAPH TIME OF CONCENTRATION (APPENDIX X-A) WITH 10-MIN. ADDED = 10.55(MIN.) INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 200.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 405.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 280.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 125.00 NATURAL WATERSHED TIME OF CONCENTRATION = 10.55 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.116 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.95 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 1.00 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.95 **************************************************************,t************* FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.32 TO NODE 5086.33 IS CODE = 51 >»»COMPUTE TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNEL FLOW««< >»»TRAVELTIME THRU SUBAREA (EXISTING ELEMENT) ««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 280.00 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 220.00 CHANNEL LENGTH THRU SUBAREA(FEET) = 673.20 CHANNEL SLOPE = 0.0891 CHANNEL BASE(FEET) = 5.00 "Z" FACTOR = 3.000 MANNING'S FACTOR = 0.035 MAXIMUM DEPTH(FEET) = 2.00 CHANNEL FLOW THRU SUBAREA(CFS) = 0.95 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 2.30 FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.08 TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 4.89 Tc(MIN.) = 15.44 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.31 TO NODE 5086.33 = 873.20 FEET. ***********************************************************it**************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.33 TO NODE 5086.33 IS CODE = 81 >»»ADDITION OF SUBAREA TO MAINLINE PEAK FLOW««< 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.655 *USER SPECIFIED(SUBAREA): SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .4500 S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 8.49 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 6.32 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 9.49 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 7.28 TC(MIN.) = 15.44 *********************************************************,^*i-^J^*,^^J^J^.,^.^.,^^,^.J^.,^..J^^ FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.33 TO NODE 5086.33 IS CODE = 1 »»>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< »»>AND COMPUTE VARIOUS CONFLUENCED STREAM VALUES««< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 2 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 15.44 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 1.66 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 9.49 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 7.28 ** CONFLUENCE DATA ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY AREA NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) (ACRE) 1 5.67 14.26 1.743 6.75 2 7.28 15.44 1.655 9.49 RAINFALL INTENSITY AND TIME OF CONCENTRATION F^TIO CONFLUENCE FORMULA USED FOR 2 STREAMS. ** PEAK FLOW RATE TABLE ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) 1 12.58 14.26 1.743 2 12.66 15.44 1.655 COMPUTED CONFLUENCE ESTIMATES ARE AS FOLLOWS: PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 12.66 Tc(MIN.) = 15.44 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 16.24 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.33 = 1270.00 FEET. ****************************************************i,^,^,i,i,^:^:i,^:^,i,^,^.^^^.i,^,.,,.^^^.j^^^.^ FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.33 TO NODE 5086.40 IS CODE = 31 >»»COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA«<« »»>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 213.96 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 207.62 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 28.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 6.4 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 22.72 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 12.66 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.02 Tc(MIN.) = 15.46 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.40 = 1298.00 FEET. ******************************************************^ri,^i^,^r*^:^!^,^,^,^ri^^,^^^,^,^.^,^,.l,^^ FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.40 TO NODE 5086.40 IS CODE = 1 »»>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 1 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 15.46 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 1.65 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 16.24 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 12.66 ******************************************************,,t********************* FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.41 TO NODE 5086.42 IS CODE = 21 »»>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS««< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 200.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 240.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 237.50 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 2.50 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 12.997 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.850 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.62 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.61 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.62 * + *******************************************^^,,t****************************,t FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.42 TO NODE 5086.40 IS CODE = 31 >»»COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA«<« »»>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 233.06 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 208.12 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 466.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 2.0 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 5.64 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 0.62 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 1.38 Tc(MIN.) = 14.37 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.41 TO NODE 5086.40 = 666.00 FEET. ***************************************** i: i, i, .);.), ^: ic i, ^, i, it .If .^.j, i, i, ./^ ./f .f. ^ .f. ./^ ./^ ^ FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.40 TO NODE 5086.40 IS CODE = 1 »»>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE<<«< »»>AND COMPUTE VARIOUS CONFLUENCED STREAM VALUES««< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 2 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 14.37 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 1.73 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 0.61 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 0.62 ** CONFLUENCE DATA ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY AREA NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) (ACRE) 1 12.66 15.46 1.654 16.24 2 0.62 14.37 1.733 0.61 RAINFALL INTENSITY AND TIME OF CONCENTRATION RATIO CONFLUENCE FORMULA USED FOR 2 STREAMS. ** PEAK FLOW RATE TABLE ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) 1 12.70 14.37 1.733 2 13.25 15.46 1.654 COMPUTED CONFLUENCE ESTIMATES ARE AS FOLLOWS: PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 13.25 Tc(MIN.) = 15.46 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 16.85 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.40 = 1298.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.40 TO NODE 5086.50 IS CODE = 31 »»>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »»>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW) ««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 207.29 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 198.70 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 330.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 12.5 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 10.16 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 13.25 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.54 Tc(MIN.) = 16.00 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.50 = 1628.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.50 TO NODE 5086.50 IS CODE = 1 »»>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 1 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 16.00 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 1.62 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 16.85 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 13.25 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.51 TO NODE 5086.52 IS CODE = 21 »»>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS««< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 153.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 241.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 239.50 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1.50 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 12.327 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.914 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.24 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.23 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.24 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.52 TO NODE 5086.53 IS CODE = 62 »>»COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA«<« »»>(STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)««< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 239.50 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 206.60 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 744.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 20.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 2.38 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.28 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 7.49 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 3.50 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.97 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 3.55 Tc(MIN.) = 15.87 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.626 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 4.75 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 4.25 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 4.98 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 4.49 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.33 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 9.95 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 4.05 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 1.32 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.51 TO NODE 5086.53 = 897.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.53 TO NODE 5086.50 IS CODE = 31 »»>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »»>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW) ««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 199.94 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 199.20 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 11.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 5.1 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 10.97 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 4.49 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.02 Tc{MIN.) = 15.89 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.51 TO NODE 5086.50 = 908.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.50 TO NODE 5086.50 IS CODE = 1 »>»DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< »»>AND COMPUTE VARIOUS CONFLUENCED STREAM VALUES««< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 2 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 15.89 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 1.62 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 4.98 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 4.4 9 ** CONFLUENCE DATA ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY AREA NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) (ACRE) 1 13.25 16.00 1.617 16.85 2 4.49 15.89 1.625 4.98 RAINFALL INTENSITY AND TIME OF CONCENTRATION RATIO CONFLUENCE FORMULA USED FOR 2 STREAMS. ** PEAK FLOW RATE TABLE ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) 1 17.68 15.89 1.625 2 17.72 16.00 1.617 COMPUTED CONFLUENCE ESTIMATES ARE AS FOLLOWS: PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 17.72 Tc(MIN.) = 16.00 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 21.83 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.50 = 1628.00 FEET. FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.50 TO NODE 5086.60 IS CODE = 31 »>»COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 198.20 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 193.12 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 141.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 13.8 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 12.17 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) =17.72 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.19 Tc(MIN.) = 16.19 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.60 = 1769.00 FEET. ************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.60 TO NODE 5086.60 IS CODE = 1 >»»DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 3 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 1 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 16.19 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 1.61 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 21.83 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 17.72 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.61 TO NODE 5086.62 IS CODE = 21 »»>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS««< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 153.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 230.90 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 229.40 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1.50 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 12.327 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.914 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.20 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.19 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.20 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.62 TO NODE 5086.63 IS CODE = 62 >»»COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »»> (STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)««< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 229.40 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 201.15 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 614.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 20.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 0.93 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.21 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 4.37 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 2.99 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.64 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 3.42 Tc(MIN.) = 15.75 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.634 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 1.61 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 1.45 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 1.80 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 1.65 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) =0.25 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 6.14 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 3.32 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.83 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.61 TO NODE 5086.63 = 767.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.63 TO NODE 5086.60 IS CODE = 31 »»>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »»>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW) ««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 195.60 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 194.12 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 8.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 2.4 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 11.67 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 1.65 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.01 Tc(MIN.) = 15.76 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.61 TO NODE 5086.60 = 775.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.60 TO NODE 5086.60 IS CODE = 1 >»»DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 3 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 2 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 15.76 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 1.63 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 1.80 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 1.65 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.64 TO NODE 5086.65 IS CODE = 21 >»»RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS««< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 196.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 212.60 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 210.90 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1.70 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 14.533 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.721 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.54 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.57 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.54 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.65 TO NODE 5086.66 IS CODE = 62 »>»COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< >»»(STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)««< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 210.90 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 201.15 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 801.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 20.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 1.57 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.29 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 8.37 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 1.92 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.56 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 6.94 Tc(MIN.) = 21.47 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.33 8 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 2.7 9 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 2.05 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 3.36 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 2.59 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.33 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 10.36 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 2.18 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.73 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.64 TO NODE 5086.66 = 997.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.66 TO NODE 5086.60 IS CODE = 31 »»>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »»>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 194.45 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 194.12 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 22.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 5.6 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 5.48 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 2.59 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.07 Tc(MIN.) = 21.54 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.64 TO NODE 5086.60 = 1019.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.60 TO NODE 5086.60 IS CODE = 1 »>»DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< >>»>AND COMPUTE VARIOUS CONFLUENCED STREAM VALUES««< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 3 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 3 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 21.54 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 1.34 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 3.36 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 2.59 ** CONFLUENCE DATA ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY AREA NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) (ACRE) 1 17.72 16.19 1.605 21.83 2 1.65 15.76 1.634 1.80 3 2.59 21.54 1.335 3.36 RAINFALL INTENSITY AND TIME OF CONCENTRATION RATIO CONFLUENCE FORMULA USED FOR 3 STREAMS. ** PEAK FLOW P^ATE TABLE ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) 1 21.18 15.76 1.634 2 21.50 16.19 1.605 3 18.68 21.54 1.335 COMPUTED CONFLUENCE ESTIMATES ARE AS FOLLOWS: PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 21.50 Tc(MIN.) = 16.19 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 2 6.99 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.60 = 1769.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.60 TO NODE 5087.00 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA«<« »»>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW) ««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 192.79 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 190.86 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 84.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 21.0 INCH PIPE IS 16.2 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 10.77 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 21.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 21.50 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.13 Tc(MIN.) = 16.32 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5087.00 = 1853.00 FEET. END OF STUDY SUMMARY: TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 26.99 TC(MIN.) = 16.32 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 21.50 END OF RATIONAL METHOD ANALYSIS **************************************************************************** RATIONAL METHOD HYDROLOGY COMPUTER PROGI^AM PACKAGE Reference: SAN DIEGO COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT 2003,1985,1981 HYDROLOGY MANUAL (c) Copyright 1982-2003 Advanced Engineering Software (aes) Ver. 1.5A Release Date: 01/01/2003 License ID 1509 Analysis prepared by: ProjectDesign Consultants San Diego, CA., 92101 Suite 800 619-235-6471 ************************** DESCRIPTION OF STUDY ************************** * RESIDENTIAL LOTS HYDROLOGY * * PLANNING AREA 12 - BRESSI RANCH * * SYSTEM 1200 * ************************************************************************** FILE NAME: 1201.DAT TIME/DATE OF STUDY: 08:58 03/24/2004 USER SPECIFIED HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULIC MODEL INFORMATION: 1985 SAN DIEGO MANUAL CRITERIA USER SPECIFIED STORM EVENT(YEAR) = 2.00 6-HOUR DURATION PRECIPITATION (INCHES) = 1.300 SPECIFIED MINIMUM PIPE SIZE(INCH) = 18.00 SPECIFIED PERCENT OF GRADIENTS(DECIMAL) TO USE FOR FRICTION SLOPE = 0.90 SAN DIEGO HYDROLOGY MANUAL "C"-VALUES USED FOR RATIONAL METHOD NOTE: ONLY PEAK CONFLUENCE VALUES CONSIDERED *USER-DEFINED STREET-SECTIONS FOR COUPLED PIPEFLOW AND STREETFLOW MODEL* HALF- CROWN TO STREET-CROSSFALL: CURB GUTTER-GEOMETRIES: MANNING WIDTH CROSSFALL IN- / OUT-/PARK- HEIGHT WIDTH LIP HIKE FACTOR NO. (FT) (FT) SIDE / SIDE/ WAY (FT) (FT) (FT) (FT) (n) 1 20.0 15.0 0.020/0.020/0.020 0.50 1.50 0.0313 0.125 0.0175 GLOBAL STREET FLOW-DEPTH CONSTRAINTS: 1. Relative Flow-Depth = 0.50 FEET as (Maximum Allowable Street Flow Depth) - (Top-of-Curb) 2. (Depth)*(Velocity) Constraint = 6.0 (FT*FT/S) *SIZE PIPE WITH A FLOW CAPACITY GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO THE UPSTREAM TRIBUTARY PIPE.* **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1202.00 IS CODE = 21 »»>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS««< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 130.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 223.30 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 222.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1.30 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 11.288 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.026 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.14 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.13 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.14 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1202.00 TO NODE 1202.10 IS CODE = 62 >>»>COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<«« »»> (STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)««< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 222.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 185.36 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 659.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 20.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARPCWAY CROSSFALL (DECIMAL) = 0.020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 1.01 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.21 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 4.32 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 3.30 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.70 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 3.33 Tc(MIN.) = 14.61 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.715 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 1.82 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 1.72 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 1.95 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 1.86 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.25 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 6.26 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 3.65 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.92 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1202.10 = 789.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1202.10 TO NODE 1204.00 IS CODE = 31 >»»COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »»>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 179.76 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 178.28 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 9.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 2.6 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 11.61 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 1.86 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.01 Tc(MIN.) = 14.63 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1204.00 = 798.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.00 TO NODE 1204.00 IS CODE = 1 »»>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 1 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 14.63 FIAINFALL INTENSITY {INCH/HR) = 1.71 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 1.95 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 1.86 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1203.00 TO NODE 1203.10 IS CODE = 21 »»>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS««< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 117.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 2 01.30 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 2 00.10 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1.20 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 10.619 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY{INCH/HOUR) = 2.107 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.19 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.16 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.19 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1203.10 TO NODE 1203.20 IS CODE = 62 »»>COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »»>( STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)««< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 200.10 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 185.36 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 253.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 20.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 0.51 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0,16 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 1.50 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 3.90 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.61 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 1.08 Tc(MIN.) = 11.70 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.979 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 0.60 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.65 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.7 6 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 0.84 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.20 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 3.66 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 3.33 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.66 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1203.00 TO NODE 1203.20 = 370.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1203.20 TO NODE 1204.00 IS CODE = 31 »»>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »»>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 17 8.61 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 178.28 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 22.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 3.2 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 3.97 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 0,84 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.09 Tc(MIN.) = 11.79 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1203.00 TO NODE 1204.00 = 392.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.00 TO NODE 1204.00 IS CODE = 1 »>»DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< »»>AND COMPUTE VARIOUS CONFLUENCED STREAM VALUES««< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 2 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 11.79 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 1.97 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 0.7 6 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 0.84 ** CONFLUENCE DATA ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY AREA NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) (ACRE) 1 1.86 14.63 1.714 1.95 2 0.84 11.79 1.969 0.76 RAINFALL INTENSITY AND TIME OF CONCENTRATION RATIO CONFLUENCE FORMULA USED FOR 2 STREAMS. ** PEAK FLOW RATE TABLE ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) 1 2.46 11.79 1.969 2 2.59 14.63 1.714 COMPUTED CONFLUENCE ESTIMATES ARE AS FOLLOWS: PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 2.59 Tc(MIN.) = 14.63 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 2.71 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1204.00 = 798.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.00 TO NODE 1204.90 IS CODE = 31 »»>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »»>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 177.95 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 172.99 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 119.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER{INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 4.3 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 7.90 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 2.59 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.25 Tc(MIN.) = 14.88 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1204.90 = 917.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.90 TO NODE 1204.90 IS CODE = 1 »»>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 3 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 1 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 14.88 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 1.70 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 2.71 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 2.59 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.10 TO NODE 1204.20 IS CODE = 21 »»>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS<«« SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 139.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 201.70 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 200.30 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1.40 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 11.644 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.986 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.16 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.15 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.16 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.20 TO NODE 1204.3 0 IS CODE = 62 »>»COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »»> (STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)««< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 200.30 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 179.36 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 529.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 20.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 0.65 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.20 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 3.50 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 2.70 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.53 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 3.27 Tc(MIN.) = 14.91 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.693 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 1-04 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.97 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 1-19 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 1.13 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.23 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 5.21 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 2.91 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.67 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1204.10 TO NODE 1204.30 = 668.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.30 TO NODE 1204.90 IS CODE = 31 »»>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< >»»USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 173.41 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 172.99 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 8.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 2.7 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) =6.72 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 1.13 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.02 Tc(MIN.) = 14.93 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1204.10 TO NODE 1204.90 = 676.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.90 TO NODE 1204.90 IS CODE = 1 »»>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 3 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 2 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 14.93 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 1.69 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 1.19 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 1.13 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.40 TO NODE 1204.50 IS CODE = 21 »»>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS««< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 166.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 201.7 0 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 200.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1.70 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 12.654 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.882 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.16 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.15 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.16 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.50 TO NODE 1204.60 IS CODE = 62 »>»COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< »>» (STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)««< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 200.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 179.36 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 616.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 20.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 1.09 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.23 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 5.38 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 2.68 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.63 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 3.83 Tc(MIN.) = 16.49 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.587 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 2.14 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 1.87 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 2.29 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 2.02 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.27 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 7.43 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 3.02 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.83 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1204.40 TO NODE 1204.60 = 782.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.60 TO NODE 1204.90 IS CODE = 31 »>»COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<«« »»>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 173.65 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 172.99 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 22.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 4.2 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 6.55 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 2.02 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.06 Tc(MIN.) = 16.54 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1204.40 TO NODE 1204.90 = 804.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.90 TO NODE 1204.90 IS CODE = 1 »»>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< >»>>AND COMPUTE VARIOUS CONFLUENCED STREAM VALUES<<<« TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 3 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 3 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 16.54 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 1.58 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 2.29 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 2.02 ** CONFLUENCE DATA ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY AREA NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) (ACRE) 1 2.59 14.88 1.695 2.71 2 1.13 14.93 1.691 1.19 3 2.02 16.54 1.583 2.29 RAINFALL INTENSITY AND TIME OF CONCENTRATION RATIO CONFLUENCE FORIWLA USED FOR 3 STREAMS. ** PEAK FLOW RATE TABLE ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) 1 5.61 14.88 1.695 2 5.61 14.93 1.691 3 5.50 16.54 1.583 COMPUTED CONFLUENCE ESTIMATES ARE AS FOLLOWS: PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 5.61 Tc(MIN.) = 14.93 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 6.19 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1204.90 = 917.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.90 TO NODE 1205.00 IS CODE = 31 »»>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »»>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 172.49 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 167.38 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 452.10 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 9.3 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 6.08 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 5.61 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 1.24 Tc(MIN.) = 16.17 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1205.00 = 1369.10 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1205.00 TO NODE 1205.00 IS CODE = 1 >»»DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 1 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 16.17 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) =1.61 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 6.19 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 5.61 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1205.10 TO NODE 1205.20 IS CODE = 21 »»>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS««< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 100.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 174.70 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 173.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1.70 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 8.295 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.471 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.65 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.48 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.65 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1205.20 TO NODE 1205.00 IS CODE = 62 »>»COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »»>( STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED) ««< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 176.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 174.35 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 404.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 20.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 2.41 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.38 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 12.65 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 1.41 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.53 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 4.79 Tc(MIN.) = 13.09 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.842 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 3.44 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 3.4 8 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 3.92 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 4.14 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.4 4 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 15.69 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 1.60 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.71 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1205.10 TO NODE 1205.00 = 504.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1205.00 TO NODE 1205.00 IS CODE = 1 »»>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< »>»AND COMPUTE VARIOUS CONFLUENCED STREAM VALUES««< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 2 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 13.09 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 1.84 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 3.92 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 4.14 ** CONFLUENCE DATA ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY AREA NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) (ACRE) 1 5.61 16.17 1.607 6.19 2 4.14 13.09 1.842 3.92 RAINFALL INTENSITY AND TIME OF CONCENTRATION RATIO CONFLUENCE FORMULA USED FOR 2 STREAMS. ** PEAK FLOW RATE TABLE ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) 1 9.03 13.09 1.842 2 9.22 16.17 1.607 COMPUTED CONFLUENCE ESTIMATES ARE AS FOLLOWS: PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 9.22 Tc(MIN.) = 16.17 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 10.11 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1205.00 = 1369.10 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1205.00 TO NODE 1206.00 IS CODE = 31 »»>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< »»>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 166.05 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 160.48 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 198.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 9.5 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 9.69 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 9.22 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.34 Tc(MIN.) = 16.51 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1206.00 = 1567.10 FEET. END OF STUDY SUMMARY: TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 10.11 TC(MIN.) = 16.51 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 9.22 END OF RATIONAL METHOD ANALYSIS ***************************************************************************** RATIONAL METHOD HYDROLOGY COMPUTER PROGRAM PACKAGE Reference: SAN DIEGO COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT 2003,1985,1981 HYDROLOGY MANUAL (c) Copyright 1982-2003 Advanced Engineering Software (aes) Ver. 1.5A Release Date: 01/01/2003 License ID 1509 Analysis prepared by: ProjectDesign Consultants San Diego, CA., 92101 Suite 800 619-235-6471 ************************** DESCRIPTION OF STUDY ************************** * BRESSI RANCH - MASS GRADING ULTIMATE CONDITIONS * * PA - 12 SOUTH TRIBUTARY TO BACKBONE SYSTEM * * 2-YEAR STORM EVENT - SYSTEM 5095 * ************************************************************************** FILE NAME: 5095.DAT TIME/DATE OF STUDY: 09:33 03/24/2004 USER SPECIFIED HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULIC MODEL INFORMATION: 1985 SAN DIEGO MANUAL CRITERIA USER SPECIFIED STORM EVENT(YEAR) = 10.00 6-HOUR DURATION PRECIPITATION (INCHES) = 1.800 SPECIFIED MINIMUM PIPE SIZE(INCH) = 18,00 SPECIFIED PERCENT OF GRADIENTS(DECIMAL) TO USE FOR FRICTION SLOPE = 0,90 SAN DIEGO HYDROLOGY MANUAL "C"-VALUES USED FOR RATIONAL METHOD NOTE: ONLY PEAK CONFLUENCE VALUES CONSIDERED *USER-DEFINED STREET-SECTIONS FOR COUPLED PIPEFLOW AND STREETFLOW MODEL* HALF- CROWN TO STREET-CROSSFALL: CURB GUTTER-GEOMETRIES: MANNING WIDTH CROSSFALL IN- / OUT-/PARK- HEIGHT WIDTH LIP HIKE FACTOR NO. (FT) (FT) SIDE / SIDE/ WAY (FT) (FT) (FT) (FT) (n) 1 20.0 15.0 0.020/0,020/0.020 0.50 1.50 0.0313 0.125 0.0175 GLOBAL STREET FLOW-DEPTH CONSTRAINTS: 1. Relative Flow-Depth = 0,50 FEET as (Maximum Allowable Street Flow Depth) - (Top-of-Curb) 2. (Depth)*(Velocity) Constraint = 6.0 (FT*FT/S) *SIZE PIPE WITH A FLOW CAPACITY GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO THE UPSTREAM TRIBUTARY PIPE.* **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5092,00 TO NODE 5093.00 IS CODE = 21 >>>>>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS<<<<< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.CS, CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 142,00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 214.50 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 213.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1.5 0 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 11.584 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.758 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.29 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.19 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.29 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5093.00 TO NODE 5094.00 IS CODE = 62 >>>>>COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>> (STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED) <«« UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 213.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 192.00 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 794.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 20.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL{DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0,020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 1.74 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.27 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 7.31 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 2.67 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC,) = 0,7 3 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN,) = 4.96 Tc(MIN.) = 16.55 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.192 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 2.3 9 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 2.88 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 2.58 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 3.17 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.3 2 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 9.60 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 3,05 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.97 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5092.00 TO NODE 5094.00 = 93 6.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5094.00 TO NODE 5095.00 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW) ««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 192.00 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 191.50 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 8.00 MANNING'S N = 0,013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18,000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 4,3 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC,) = 9.67 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18,00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE~FLOW(CFS) = 3.17 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN,) = 0.01 Tc(MIN.) = 16.56 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5092.00 TO NODE 5095.00 = 944.00 FEET. END OF STUDY SUMMARY: TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 2.58 TC(MIN.) = 16.56 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 3.17 END OF RATIONAL METHOD ANALYSIS **************************************************************************** RATIONAL METHOD HYDROLOGY COMPUTER PROGRAM PACKAGE Reference: SAN DIEGO COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT 2003,1985,1981 HYDROLOGY MANUAL (c) Copyright 1982-2003 Advanced Engineering Software (aes) Ver, 1,5A Release Date: 01/01/2003 License ID 1509 Analysis prepared by: ProjectDesign Consultants San Diego, CA., 92101 Suite 800 619-235-6471 ************************** DESCRIPTION OF STUDY ************************** * RESIDENTIAL LOTS HYDROLOGY * * PLANNING AREA 12 ~ BRESSI RANCH * * SYSTEM 1200 * ************************************************************************** FILE NAME: 1201,DAT TIME/DATE OF STUDY: 09:31 03/24/2004 USER SPECIFIED HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULIC MODEL INFORMATION: 1985 SAN DIEGO MANUAL CRITERIA USER SPECIFIED STORIVl EVENT (YEAR) = 10.00 6-HOUR DURATION PRECIPITATION (INCHES) = 1.800 SPECIFIED MINIMUM PIPE SIZEdNCH) = 18.00 SPECIFIED PERCENT OF GRADIENTS(DECII4AL) TO USE FOR FRICTION SLOPE = 0.9 0 SAN DIEGO HYDROLOGY MANUAL "C"-VALUES USED FOR RATIONAL METHOD NOTE: ONLY PEAK CONFLUENCE VALUES CONSIDERED •USER-DEFINED STREET-SECTIONS FOR COUPLED PIPEFLOW AND STREETFLOW MODEL* HALF- CROWN TO STREET-CROSSFALL: CURB GUTTER-GEOMETRIES: MANNING WIDTH CROSSFALL IN- / OUT-/PARK- HEIGHT WIDTH LIP HIKE FACTOR NO. (FT) (FT) SIDE / SIDE/ WAY (FT) (FT) (FT) (FT) (n) 1 20.0 15.0 0.020/0.020/0.020 0.50 1.50 0.0313 0.125 0.0175 GLOBAL STREET FLOW-DEPTH CONSTRAINTS: 1. Relative Flow-Depth = 0.50 FEET as (Maximum Allowable Street Flow Depth) - (Top-of-Curb) 2. (Depth)*(Velocity) Constraint = 6.0 (FT*FT/S) *SIZE PIPE WITH A FLOW CAPACITY GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO THE UPSTREAM TRIBUTARY PIPE.* **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1202.00 IS CODE = 21 >>>>>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS<<<<< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.CS. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 130.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 223.30 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 222.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1,3 0 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 11.288 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.805 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.2 0 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.13 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.2 0 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1202.00 TO NODE 1202.10 IS CODE = 62 >>>>>COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>»> (STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)««< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 22 2.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 185.36 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 6 59,00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 2 0.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0,020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section{curb-to-curb) = 0,0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0,0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 1,4 0 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.23 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 5,3 2 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC,) = 3,4 9 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC,) = 0.81 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 3.15 Tc(MIN,) = 14.44 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.393 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 1.82 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 2.4 0 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 1.95 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 2.60 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.27 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 7.37 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 3.92 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 1.07 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1202.10 = 789.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1202.10 TO NODE 1204.00 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)<<<<< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM{FEET) = 17 9,76 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 178,28 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 9.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 3,1 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 12.84 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) =2.60 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.01 Tc(MIN.) = 14.45 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1204.00 = 798.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.00 TO NODE 1204.00 IS CODE = 1 >>>>>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE<<<<< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 1 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 14.45 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 2,3 9 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 1.95 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 2.60 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1203.00 TO NODE 1203.10 IS CODE = 21 >>>>>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS<«<< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 117,00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 2 01,30 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 2 00.10 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1,2 0 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN,) = 10,619 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY{INCH/HOUR) = 2.918 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0,2 6 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0,16 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.2 6 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1203.10 TO NODE 1203,20 IS CODE = 62 >>>>>COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>> (STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)«<« UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 200.10 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 185.36 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 253.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 2 0.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0,020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL{DECIMAL) = 0,020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 0.70 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTII4ATED FLOW; STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.19 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 3.11 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC) = 3.27 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC) = 0.62 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 1.29 Tc(MIN.) = 11.91 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.710 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.CS. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 0.6 0 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.89 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.7 6 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 1.15 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.22 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 4.64 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 3.45 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.76 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1203.00 TO NODE 1203.20 = 370.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1203.20 TO NODE 1204.00 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)<<<<< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 17 8.61 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 178.28 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 22.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18,000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 3.7 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC,) = 4,33 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW{CFS) = 1.15 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN,) = 0.08 Tc(MIN.) = 11.99 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1203.00 TO NODE 1204.00 = 392.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.00 TO NODE 1204,00 IS CODE = 1 >>>>>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE<<<<< >>>>>AND COMPUTE VARIOUS CONFLUENCED STREAM VALUES<<<<< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 2 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 11.99 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 2.70 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 0.7 6 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 1.15 ** CONFLUENCE DATA ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY AREA NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) (ACRE) 1 2,60 14.45 2.392 1,95 2 1,15 11,99 2.698 0.76 RAINFALL INTENSITY AND TIME OF CONCENTRATION RATIO CONFLUENCE FORMULA USED FOR 2 STREAMS. ** PEAK FLOW RATE TABLE ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) 1 3.45 11.99 2.698 2 3.62 14.45 2.392 COMPUTED CONFLUENCE ESTIMATES ARE AS FOLLOWS: PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 3.62 Tc(MIN.) = 14.45 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 2.71 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201,00 TO NODE 1204.00 = 798.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.00 TO NODE 1204.90 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA«<<< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)<<<<< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 177.95 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 172.99 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 119.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.00 0 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 5.1 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC) = 8,69 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18,00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE~FLOW(CFS) = 3.62 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0,23 Tc(MIN,) = 14.67 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201,00 TO NODE 1204,90 = 917.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.90 TO NODE 1204,90 IS CODE = 1 >>>>>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE<<<<< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 3 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 1 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 14.67 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 2,3 7 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 2.71 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 3,62 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.10 TO NODE 1204.20 IS CODE = 21 >>>>>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS<<<<< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.CS. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 139.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 201.70 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 200,30 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1.4 0 URBT^ SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 11.644 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.749 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) =0.23 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.15 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.2 3 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.20 TO NODE 1204.30 IS CODE = 62 >>>>>COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>>(STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)<<<<< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 200.30 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 179.36 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 529.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6,0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) =20.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 0.9 0 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.22 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 4.54 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC) = 2.7 9 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.60 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 3.16 Tc(MIN.) = 14.81 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY{INCH/HOUR) = 2.354 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.CS. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 1.04 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 1.3 5 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 1,19 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 1,57 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.25 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 6,2 6 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC) = 3.09 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC) = 0.78 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1204.10 TO NODE 1204.30 = 668.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.30 TO NODE 1204.90 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA««< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)<<<« ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 173.41 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 172.99 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 8.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 3.2 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC) = 7.41 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 1.57 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.02 Tc{MIN,) = 14.83 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1204.10 TO NODE 1204.90 = 676.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.90 TO NODE 1204.90 IS CODE = 1 >>>>>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE<<«< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 3 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 2 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 14.83 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 2.35 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 1.19 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 1.57 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.40 TO NODE 1204.50 IS CODE = 21 »>»RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS««< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.CS. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 166.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 2 01.70 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 200.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1.7 0 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 12.654 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.606 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.21 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.15 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0,21 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.50 TO NODE 1204.60 IS CODE = 62 >>>>>COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>>(STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)<<<<< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 200.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 179.36 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 616.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6,0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 20.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15,00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0,020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 1.53 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.25 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 6.44 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 2.87 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.73 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 3.58 Tc(MIN.) = 16,24 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.219 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.CS, CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 2.14 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 2.61 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 2.2 9 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 2.83 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0,3 0 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 8.6 6 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 3.25 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.97 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1204.40 TO NODE 1204.60 = 782.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.60 TO NODE 1204.90 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<«< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)<<<<< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 173.65 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 172.99 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 22.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 4.9 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 7,20 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 2.83 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.05 Tc(MIN.) = 16.29 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1204.40 TO NODE 1204.90 = .804.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.90 TO NODE 1204.90 IS CODE = 1 >>>>>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE<<<<< >>>>>AND COMPUTE VARIOUS CONFLUENCED STREAM VALUES<<«< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 3 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 3 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 16.29 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 2.21 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 2.2 9 PEAK FLOW J^TE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 2.83 ** CONFLUENCE DATA ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY AREA NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) (ACRE) 1 3.62 14.67 2.368 2.71 2 1,57 14,83 2,353 1.19 3 2,83 16.29 2.214 2.29 RAINFALL INTENSITY AND TIME OF CONCENTRATION RATIO CONFLUENCE FORMULA USED FOR 3 STREAMS. ** PEAK FLOW RATE TABLE ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) 1 7.82 14.67 2.368 2 7.83 14.83 2.353 3 7.69 16.29 2,214 COMPUTED CONFLUENCE ESTIMATES ARE AS FOLLOWS: PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 7.83 Tc(MIN.) =14.83 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 6.19 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1204.90 = 917,00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1204.90 TO NODE 1205.00 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<«<< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)«<<< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 172.49 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 167.38 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 452.10 MANNING'S N = 0.013 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 11.5 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 6.56 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 7.83 PIPE TRAVEL TIME{MIN.) = 1.15 Tc(MIN.) = 15.97 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1205.00 = 1369.10 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1205.00 TO NODE 1205.00 IS CODE = 1 >>>>>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE<<<<< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 1 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 15,97 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 2.24 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 6.19 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 7.83 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1205,10 TO NODE 1205,20 IS CODE = 21 >>>>>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS<<<<< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 100.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) =174,70 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 173.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1.7 0 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 8.295 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 3.421 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.90 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0,4 8 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.90 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1205,20 TO NODE 1205.00 IS CODE = 62 >>>>>COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>>(STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)<<<<< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 176,00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 174.35 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 404.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 2 0.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15,00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.02 0 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0,02 0 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 3.38 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.42 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 14,52 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 1.52 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.63 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 4.43 Tc(MIN.) = 12.73 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.596 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 3.44 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 4.91 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 3.92 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 5.82 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.4 9 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 17.98 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 1.74 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.84 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1205.10 TO NODE 1205.00 = 504.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1205.00 TO NODE 1205,00 IS CODE = 1 >>>>>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE<<<<< >>>>>AND COMPUTE VARIOUS CONFLUENCED STREAM VALUES<<«< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 2 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 12,73 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 2,6 0 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 3.92 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 5,82 ** CONFLUENCE DATA ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY AREA NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) (ACRE) 1 7.83 15.97 2.242 6.19 2 5.82 12.73 2.596 3.92 RAINFALL INTENSITY AND TIME OF CONCENTRATION RATIO CONFLUENCE FORMULA USED FOR 2 STREAMS. ** PEAK FLOW RATE TABLE ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) 1 12.57 12.73 2.596 2 12,85 15.97 2,242 COMPUTED CONFLUENCE ESTIMATES ARE AS FOLLOWS: PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 12.85 Tc(MIN.) = 15.97 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 10.11 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1205.00 = 1369.10 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1205,00 TO NODE 1206,00 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)<<<<< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 166.05 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 160.48 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 198.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 11.8 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC) = 10.43 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 12.85 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.32 Tc(MIN.) = 16.29 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1206.00 = 1567.10 FEET. END OF STUDY SUMMARY: TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 10.11 TC(MIN.) = 16.29 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 12.85 END OF RATIONAL METHOD ANALYSIS **************************************************************************** RATIONAL METHOD HYDROLOGY COMPUTER PROGRAM PACKAGE Reference: SAN DIEGO COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT 2003,1985,1981 HYDROLOGY MANUAL (c) Copyright 1982-2003 Advanced Engineering Software (aes) Ver. l.SA Release Date: 01/01/2003 License ID 1509 Analysis prepared by: ProjectDesign Consultants San Diego, CA,, 92101 Suite 800 619-235-6471 ************************** DESCRIPTION OF STUDY ************************** * RESIDENTIAL LOTS HYDROLOGY * * PLANNING AREA 12 - BRESSI RANCH * * SYSTEM 5086 * ************************************************************************** FILE NAME: 5086.DAT TIME/DATE OF STUDY: 09:32 03/24/2004 USER SPECIFIED HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULIC MODEL INFORMATION: 1985 SAN DIEGO M.^NUAL CRITERIA USER SPECIFIED STORM EVENT(YEAR) = 10,00 6-HOUR DURATION PRECIPITATION (INCHES) = 1,800 SPECIFIED MINIMUM PIPE SIZE(INCH) = 18.00 SPECIFIED PERCENT OF GRADIENTS(DECIMAL) TO USE FOR FRICTION SLOPE = 0,90 SAN DIEGO HYDROLOGY MANUAL "C"-VALUES USED FOR RATIONAL METHOD NOTE: ONLY PEAK CONFLUENCE VALUES CONSIDERED *USER-DEFINED STREET-SECTIONS FOR COUPLED PIPEFLOW AND STREETFLOW MODEL* HALF- CROWN TO STREET-CROSSFALL: CURB GUTTER-GEOMETRIES: MANNING WIDTH CROSSFALL IN- / OUT-/PARK- HEIGHT WIDTH LIP HIKE FACTOR NO, (FT) (FT) SIDE / SIDE/ WAY (FT) (FT) (FT) (FT) (n) 1 20.0 15.0 0.020/0.020/0.020 0.50 1.50 0.0313 0.125 0.0175 GLOBAL STREET FLOW-DEPTH CONSTRAINTS: 1. Relative Flow-Depth = 0.50 FEET as (Maximum Allowable Street Flow Depth) - (Top-of-Curb) 2. (Depth)*(Velocity) Constraint = 6.0 (FT*FT/S) *SIZE PIPE WITH A FLOW CAPACITY GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO THE UPSTREAM TRIBUTARY PIPE,* ^.j^-,t,t-i^,fc.,t,t + ^.t*,t + ***^i********************************************************* FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.20 IS CODE = 21 >»>>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS<«<< *USER SPECIFIED(SUBAREA): SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .4500 S,CS, CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 NATURAL WATERSHED NOMOGRAPH TIME OF CONCENTRATION (APPENDIX X-A) WITH 10-MIN. ADDED = 11,08(MIN.) INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) =370.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 410.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 270.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 14 0.00 NATURAL WATERSHED TIME OF CONCENTRATION = 11.08 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.839 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 1,28 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 1.00 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 1.2 8 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.20 TO NODE 5086,30 IS CODE = 51 >>>>>COMPUTE TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNEL FLOW<<<<< >>>>>TRAVELTIME THRU SUBAREA (EXISTING ELEMENT)<<<<< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 270.00 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 24 0.00 CHANNEL LENGTH THRU SUBAREA(FEET) = 3 00.00 CHANNEL SLOPE = 0.1000 CHANNEL BASE(FEET) = 5.00 "Z" FACTOR = 3.000 MANNING'S FACTOR = 0.03 5 MAXIMUM DEPTH(FEET) = 2.00 CHANNEL FLOW THRU SUBAREA(CFS) = 1.28 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC) = 2.56 FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.09 TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 1.95 Tc(MIN.) = 13.03 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.30 = 670.00 FEET, **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086,30 TO NODE 5086,30 IS CODE = 81 >>>>>ADDITION OF SUBAREA TO MAINLINE PEAK FLOW<<<<< 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2,557 *USER SPECIFIED(SUBAREA): SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = ,4500 S,C,S, CURVE NUMBER (mC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 5,7 5 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 6.62 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 6,7 5 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 7,89 TC(MIN.) = 13.03 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086,30 TO NODE 5086,33 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<«<< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)<<<<< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 240.00 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 220.00 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 600.00 MANNING'S N = 0,013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 8.3 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 9.93 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 7.89 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN,) = 1,01 Tc(MIN.) = 14.04 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086,33 = 1270.00 FEET, **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086,33 TO NODE 5086.33 IS CODE = 1 >>>>>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE<<<<< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 1 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 14.04 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 2.44 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 6.7 5 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 7.89 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.31 TO NODE 5086.32 IS CODE = 21 >>>>>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS<<<<< *USER SPECIFIED(SUBAREA): SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .4500 S.CS. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 NATURAL WATERSHED NOMOGRAPH TIME OF CONCENTRATION (APPENDIX X-A) WITH 10-MIN. ADDED = 10.55(MIN.) INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 200.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 405.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 2 80.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 125,00 NATURAL WATERSHED TIME OF CONCENTRATION = 10,55 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2,929 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 1,3 2 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 1,00 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 1.3 2 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086,32 TO NODE 5086.33 IS CODE = 51 >>>>>COMPUTE TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNEL FLOW<<<<< >>>>>TRAVELTIME THRU SUBAREA (EXISTING ELEMENT) <«<< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 280,00 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 220.00 CHANNEL LENGTH THRU SUBAREA(FEET) = 673.20 CHANNEL SLOPE = 0,0891 CHANNEL BASE(FEET) = 5.00 "Z" FACTOR = 3.000 MANNING'S FACTOR = 0.035 MAXIMUM DEPTH{FEET) = 2.00 CHANNEL FLOW THRU SUBAREA(CFS) = 1.32 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 2.59 FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.10 TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 4.34 Tc(MIN.) = 14.89 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.31 TO NODE 5086.33 = 873.20 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.33 TO NODE 5086.33 IS CODE = 81 >>>>>ADDITION OF SUBAREA TO MAINLINE PEAK FLOW<<<<< 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY{INCH/HOUR) = 2.34 6 *USER SPECIFIED(SUBAREA): SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .4500 S.CS. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 8.4 9 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 8.9 6 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 9.4 9 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 10.28 TC(MIN.) = 14,89 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.33 TO NODE 5086.33 IS CODE = 1 >>>>>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE<«<< >>>>>AND COMPUTE VARIOUS CONFLUENCED STREAM VALUES<<<<< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 2 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 14.89 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 2.35 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 9.4 9 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 10.28 ** CONFLUENCE DATA ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY AREA NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) (ACRE) 1 7.89 14.04 2.437 6.75 2 10.28 14.89 2.346 9.49 RAINFALL INTENSITY AND TIME OF CONCENTRATION RATIO CONFLUENCE FORMULA USED FOR 2 STREAMS. ** PEAK FLOW RATE TABLE ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) 1 17,79 14,04 2,437 2 17,88 14,89 2.346 COMPUTED CONFLUENCE ESTIMATES ARE AS FOLLOWS; PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 17.88 Tc(MIN.) = 14.89 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 16.24 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086,10 TO NODE 5086.33 = 1270.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.33 TO NODE 5086,40 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA«<<< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTI MATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)<«« ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 213.96 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 207.62 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 28.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 7.7 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 24.95 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 17.88 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.02 Tc(MIN.) = 14.91 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.40 = 1298.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.40 TO NODE 5086.40 IS CODE = 1 >>>>>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE<<<<< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 1 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 14,91 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 2.3 4 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) =16.24 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 17.88 *********************************************i,i,i,i,i,i,i,i,ifi,i,i,^,i,i,i,i,i,i^^i^i^^.^^^^^^^^ FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.41 TO NODE 5086.42 IS CODE = 21 »>>>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS<<<« SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 200.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 240.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 23 7.50 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 2.5 0 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 12.997 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.561 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0,8 6 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0,61 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.8 6 **************** + ^ + ,t******** ***************************i,i,i,imi,i,i,i,i,i,icic^,i,i,i,m^i^ FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086,42 TO NODE 5086,40 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA«<<< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)<«« ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 233.06 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 208.12 FLOW LENGTH (FEET) = 466,00 MANIxlING' S N = 0.013 ESTII4ATED PIPE DIAMETER (INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 2.4 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC,) = 6.2 4 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18,00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 0,86 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN,) = 1,24 Tc(MIN.) = 14.24 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086,41 TO NODE 5086.40 = 666.00 FEET. ************************************ M*******i,i,i,i,i,i,i,i,ifi,i,i,i,i,i,^i^i,i,i,i,i,i,i^.^if.i,^^^^^ FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.40 TO NODE 5086.40 IS CODE = 1 >>>>>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< >>>>>AND COMPUTE VARIOUS CONFLUENCED STREAM VALUES<<«< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STRE/IJ^ 2 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 14,24 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 2,41 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 0,61 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 0,86 ** CONFLUENCE DATA ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY AREA NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) (ACRE) 1 17.88 14..91 2,344 16.24 2 0.86 14.24 2,414 0.61 RAINFALL INTENSITY AND TIME OF CONCENTRATION RATIO CONFLUENCE FORMULA USED FOR 2 STREAMS. ** PEAK FLOW RATE TABLE ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) 1 18.22 14.24 2.414 2 18.71 14.91 2.344 COMPUTED CONFLUENCE ESTIMATES ARE AS FOLLOWS: PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 18.71 Tc(MIN.) = 14.91 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 16.85 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.40 = 1298.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.40 TO NODE 5086.50 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)<<<<< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 207.29 DOWNSTREAM (FEET) = 198.70 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 330.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 21.0 INCH PIPE IS 13,8 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 11.13 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER (INCH) = 21.00 NUINBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 18.71 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.49 Tc(MIN,) = 15,40 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086,50 = 1628,00 FEET, **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.50 TO NODE 5086.50 IS CODE = 1 >>>>>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE<<<<< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 1 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 15.40 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 2.3 0 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 16.85 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 18.71 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.51 TO NODE 5086.52 IS CODE = 21 >>>>>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS<<<<< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.CS. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 153.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 241.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 23 9.50 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1.5 0 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 12.327 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.650 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.34 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.2 3 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.3 4 ***********************************************************************-***** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.52 TO NODE 5086.53 IS CODE = 62 >>>>>COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>>(STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)<<<<< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 239.50 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 206.60 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 74 4.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 20.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 3.32 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.3 0 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 8.72 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 3.7 8 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC) = 1.14 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 3.28 Tc(MIN.) = 15.61 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2,276 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S,C,S, CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 4,7 5 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 5.9 5 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 4,98 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 6.2 8 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.3 6 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 11.47 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC) = 4.38 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 1.56 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.51 TO NODE 5086.53 = 897.00 FEET. *******************-***T^***************************************************^* FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.53 TO NODE 5086.50 IS CODE = 31 >>»>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA«<« >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW) ««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 199.94 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 199.20 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 11.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 6.0 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC,) = 12.06 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 6.2 8 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.02 Tc(MIN.) = 15.62 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.51 TO NODE 5086.50 = 908.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086,50 TO NODE 5086.50 IS CODE = 1 >>>>>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE<<<<< >>>>>AND COMPUTE VARIOUS CONFLUENCED STRKAM VALUES<<<<< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 2 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 2 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 15.62 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 2.27 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 4.98 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 6.2 8 ** CONFLUENCE DATA ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY AREA NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) (ACRE) 1 18.71 15.40 2.295 16.85 2 6.28 15.62 2.274 4.98 RAINFALL INTENSITY AND TIME OF CONCENTRATION RATIO CONFLUENCE FORMULA USED FOR 2 STREAMS. ** PEAK FLOW RATE TABLE ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) 1 24,94 15.40 2,295 2 24,82 15,62 2.274 COMPUTED CONFLUENCE ESTIMATES ARE AS FOLLOWS; PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 24.94 Tc(MIN,) = 15,40 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 21,83 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086,10 TO NODE 5086,50 = 1628,00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.50 TO NODE 5086.60 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)<<<<< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 198.20 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 193.12 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 141.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 21.0 INCH PIPE IS 15.2 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 13.37 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 21.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 24.94 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.18 Tc(MIN.) = 15.58 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.60 = 1769.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.60 TO NODE 5086.60 IS CODE = 1 >>>>>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE<<<<< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 3 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 1 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 15.58 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 2.2 8 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) =21.83 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 2 4.94 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.61 TO NODE 5086.62 IS CODE = 21 >>>>>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS<<<<< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 153.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 230.90 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 229.40 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1.50 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 12.327 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.650 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.2 8 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.19 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.2 8 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.62 TO NODE 5086.63 IS CODE = 62 >>>>>COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>>(STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)<<<<< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 229.40 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 201.15 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 614.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 20.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = 1.2 9 STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.23 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 5.3 8 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC) = 3.16 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.7 4 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 3.23 Tc(MIN.) = 15.56 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.280 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 1.61 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 2.02 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 1.80 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 2.3 0 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.27 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 7.31 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 3.52 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC) = 0.96 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 508 6.61 TO NODE 5086.63 = 767.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.63 TO NODE 5086.60 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)<«« ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 195.60 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 194.12 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 8.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 2.8 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 12.90 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER{INCH) = 18.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 2.30 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.01 Tc(MIN.) = 15.57 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.61 TO NODE 5086.60 = 775.00 FEET. ***************************************************************************,t FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.60 TO NODE 5086.60 IS CODE = 1 >>>>>DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE<«<< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 3 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 2 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 15.57 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 2,28 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 1,80 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 2.3 0 ***********************************************************************,t*,t*jt FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.64 TO NODE 5086.65 IS CODE = 21 >>>>>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS<<<<< SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 196.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 212.60 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 210.90 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 1.7 0 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 14.533 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.3 83 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.75 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 0.57 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 0.75 **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.65 TO NODE 5086.66 IS CODE = 62 >>>>>COMPUTE STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>>(STREET TABLE SECTION # 1 USED)<<<<< UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 210,90 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 201.15 STREET LENGTH(FEET) = 801.00 CURB HEIGHT(INCHES) = 6.0 STREET HALFWIDTH(FEET) = 20.00 DISTANCE FROM CROWN TO CROSSFALL GRADEBREAK(FEET) = 15.00 INSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 OUTSIDE STREET CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 SPECIFIED NUMBER OF HALFSTREETS CARRYING RUNOFF = 1 STREET PARKWAY CROSSFALL(DECIMAL) = 0.020 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Streetflow Section(curb-to-curb) = 0.0175 Manning's FRICTION FACTOR for Back-of-Walk Flow Section = 0.0149 **TRAVEL TIME COMPUTED USING ESTIMATED FLOW(CFS) = STREETFLOW MODEL RESULTS USING ESTIMATED FLOW: STREET FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.3 2 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 9.66 AVERAGE FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC) = 2.10 PRODUCT OF DEPTH&VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.67 STREET FLOW TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 6.37 Tc(MIN.) = 20.90 10 YEAR IRAINFALL INTENSITY (INCH/HOUR) = 1.885 SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 SOIL CLASSIFICATION IS "D" S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 2.7 9 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 3.3 6 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 2 .20 2 . 89 3 . 64 END OF SUBAREA STREET FLOW HYDRAULICS: DEPTH(FEET) = 0.37 HALFSTREET FLOOD WIDTH(FEET) = 11.94 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 2.36 DEPTH*VELOCITY(FT*FT/SEC.) = 0.86 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.64 TO NODE 5086.66 = 997,00 FEET. *****************************************i.****************ir******i,********** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.66 TO NODE 5086.60 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)<<<<< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 194,45 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 194.12 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 22.00 MANNING'S N = 0.013 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAHETER(INCH) INCREASED TO 18.000 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 18.0 INCH PIPE IS 6.7 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 6,03 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 18,00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 3.64 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 0.06 Tc(MIN,) = 20.97 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.64 TO NODE 5086.60 = 1019.00 FEET. **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.60 TO NODE 5086.60 IS CODE >>>»DESIGNATE INDEPENDENT STREAM FOR CONFLUENCE««< >>>>>AND COMPUTE VARIOUS CONFLUENCED STREAM VALUES«<<< TOTAL NUMBER OF STREAMS = 3 CONFLUENCE VALUES USED FOR INDEPENDENT STREAM 3 ARE: TIME OF CONCENTRATION(MIN.) = 20.97 RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HR) = 1.88 TOTAL STREAM AREA(ACRES) = 3.3 6 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) AT CONFLUENCE = 3.64 ** CONFLUENCE DATA ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) 1 24.94 15.58 INTENSITY [INCH/HOUR) 2 .279 AREA (ACRE) 21 . 83 2 2.30 15.57 2.279 1.80 3 3.64 20.97 1.881 3.36 RAINFALL INTENSITY AND TIME OF CONCENTRATION RATIO CONFLUENCE FORMULA USED FOR 3 STREAMS. ** PEAK FLOW RATE TABLE ** STREAM RUNOFF Tc INTENSITY NUMBER (CFS) (MIN.) (INCH/HOUR) 1 30.23 15.57 2.279 2 30.24 15.58 2.279 3 26.13 20.97 1.881 COMPUTED CONFLUENCE ESTIMATES ARE AS FOLLOWS: PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 3 0.24 Tc(MIN.) = 15.58 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 2 6.99 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5086.60 = 1769.00 FEET. *************************************************iti.ic*****************i.i.icitiiifi. FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 5086.60 TO NODE 5087.00 IS CODE = 31 >>>>>COMPUTE PIPE-FLOW TRAVEL TIME THRU SUBAREA<<<<< >>>>>USING COMPUTER-ESTIMATED PIPESIZE (NON-PRESSURE FLOW)<«<< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 192.79 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 190.86 FLOW LENGTH(FEET) = 84.00 MANNING'S N = 0,013 DEPTH OF FLOW IN 24,0 INCH PIPE IS 18.3 INCHES PIPE-FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 11.76 ESTIMATED PIPE DIAMETER(INCH) = 24.00 NUMBER OF PIPES = 1 PIPE-FLOW(CFS) = 3 0,24 PIPE TRAVEL TIME(MIN,) = 0.12 Tc(MIN.) = 15.70 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 5086.10 TO NODE 5087.00 = 1853.00 FEET. END OF STUDY SUMMARY: TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 26.99 TC(MIN.) = 15.70 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 3 0.24 END OF RATIONAL METHOD ANALYSIS ;*************************************************************************** RATIONAL METHOD HYDROLOGY COMPUTER PROGRAM PACKAGE Reference: SAN DIEGO COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT 2003,1985,1981 HYDROLOGY MANUAL (c) Copyright 1982-2003 Advanced Engineering Software (aes) Ver. 1.5A Release Date: 01/01/2003 License ID 1509 Analysis prepared by: ProjectDesign Consultants San Diego, CA., 92101 Suite 800 619-235-6471 ************************** DESCRIPTION OF STUDY **************************^ * BRESSI RANCH - MASS GRADED DESILT BASIN * SYSTEM 1200 (PA-12): DESILT BASIN RISER PIPE DESIGN Q * lOO-YEAR STORM: MASS GRADED 'C VALUE ,,*^^********************************************************************** FILE NAME: SYS1200.DAT TIME/DATE OF STUDY: 11:10 03/24/2004 USER SPECIFIED HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULIC MODEL INFORMATION: 1985 SAN DIEGO MANUAL CRITERIA USER SPECIFIED STORM EVENT(YEAR) = 10.00 6-HOUR DURATION PRECIPITATION (INCHES) = 1.800 SPECIFIED MINIMUM PIPE SIZE(INCH) = 18.00 SPECIFIED PERCENT OF GRADIENTS(DECIMAL) TO USE FOR FRICTION SLOPE =0.95 SAN DIEGO HYDROLOGY MANUAL "C"-VALUES USED FOR RATIONAL METHOD NOTE- ONLY PEAK CONFLUENCE VALUES CONSIDERED *USER-DEFINED STREET-SECTIONS FOR COUPLED PIPEFLOW AND STREETFLOW MODEL* HALF- CROWN TO STREET-CROSSFALL: CURB GUTTER-GEOMETRIES: MANNING WIDTH CROSSFALL IN- / OUT-/PARK- HEIGHT WIDTH LIP HIKE FACTOR NO. (FT) (FT) SIDE / SIDE/ WAY (FT) (FT) {FT)^^ {FT)^ (n)^^^ ""l ^30^0 ~""2o"o " o"oi8/0.018/0.020 0.67 2.00 0.0313 0.167 0.0150 GLOBAL STREET FLOW-DEPTH CONSTRAINTS: 1. Relative Flow-Depth = 0.00 FEET as (Maximum Allowable Street Flow Depth) - (Top-of-Curb) 2. (Depth)*(Velocity) Constraint = 6.0 (FT*FT/S) *SIZE PIPE WITH A FLOW CAPACITY GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO THE UPSTREAM TRIBUTARY PIPE.* **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1200.00 TO NODE 1201.00 IS CODE = 21 »»>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS««< USER-SPECIFIED RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 S.CS. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 600.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 200.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 180.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 20.00 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 16.234 *CAUTION: SUBAREA SLOPE EXCEEDS COUNTY NOMOGRAPH DEFINITION. EXTRAPOLATION OF NOMOGRAPH USED. *CAUTION: SUBAREA FLOWLENGTH EXCEEDS COUNTY NOMOGRAPH DEFINITION. EXTRAPOLATION OF NOMOGRAPH USED. 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.219 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 3.66 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 3.00 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 3.66 ,tjt*jt************************************************************************ FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1201.00 TO NODE 1205.00 IS CODE = 51 »»>COMPUTE TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNEL FLOW««< »»>TRAVELTIME THRU SUBAREA (EXISTING ELEMENT) ««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 180.00 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 165.00 CHANNEL LENGTH THRU SUBAREA(FEET) = 500.00 CHANNEL SLOPE = 0.0300 CHANNEL BASE(FEET) = 5.00 "Z" FACTOR = 2.000 MANNING'S FACTOR = 0.015 MAXIMUM DEPTH(FEET) = 4.00 CHANNEL FLOW THRU SUBAREA(CFS) = 3.66 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 4.61 FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.15 TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 1,81 Tc(MIN.) = 18.04 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1200.00 TO NODE 1205.00 = 1100.00 FEET. ^.^j,-t,H, + ************************************ ********************************* FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1205,00 TO NODE 1205.00 IS CODE = 81 »»>ADDITION OF SUBAREA TO MAINLINE PEAK FLOW««< 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.073 USER-SPECIFIED RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 9.20 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 10.49 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 12.20 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 14.15 TC(MIN.) = 18.04 END OF STUDY SUMMARY: TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 12.20 TC(MIN.) = 18.04 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 14.15 END OF RATIONAL METHOD ANALYSIS **************************************************************************** RATIONAL METHOD HYDROLOGY COMPUTER PROGRAM PACKAGE Reference: SAN DIEGO COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT 2003,1985,1981 HYDROLOGY MANUAL (c) Copyright 1982-2003 Advanced Engineering Software (aes) Ver. l.SA Release Date: 01/01/2003 License ID 1509 Analysis prepared by: ProjectDesign Consultants San Diego, CA., 92101 Suite 800 619-235-6471 ************************** DESCRIPTION OF STUDY ************************** * BRESSI RANCH - MASS GRADED DESILT BASIN * * SYSTEM 1200 (PA-12): DESILT BASIN RISER PIPE DESIGN Q * * 100-YEAR STORM: MASS GRADED 'C VALUE * ************************************************************************** FILE NAME: SYS1200.DAT TIME/DATE OF STUDY: 11:11 03/24/2004 USER SPECIFIED HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULIC MODEL INFORMATION: 1985 SAN DIEGO MANUAL CRITERIA USER SPECIFIED STORM EVENT(YEAR) = 2.00 6-HOUR DURATION PRECIPITATION (INCHES) = 1.3 00 SPECIFIED MINIMUM PIPE SIZE(INCH) = 18.00 SPECIFIED PERCENT OF GRADIENTS(DECIMAL) TO USE FOR FRICTION SLOPE = 0.95 SAN DIEGO HYDROLOGY MANUAL "C"-VALUES USED FOR RATIONAL METHOD NOTE: ONLY PEAK CONFLUENCE VALUES CONSIDERED *USER-DEFINED STREET-SECTIONS FOR COUPLED PIPEFLOW AND STREETFLOW MODEL* HALF- CROWN TO STREET-CROSSFALL: CURB GUTTER-GEOMETRIES: MANNING WIDTH CROSSFALL IN- / OUT-/PARK- HEIGHT WIDTH LIP HIKE FACTOR NO. (FT) (FT) SIDE / SIDE/ WAY (FT) (FT) (FT) (FT) (n) 1 30.0 20.0 0.018/0.018/0.020 0.67 2.00 0.0313 0.167 0.0150 GLOBAL STREET FLOW-DEPTH CONSTRAINTS: 1. Relative Flow-Depth = 0.00 FEET as (Maximum Allowable Street Flow Depth) - (Top-of-Curb) 2. (Depth)*(Velocity) Constraint = 6.0 (FT*FT/S) *SIZE PIPE WITH A FLOW CAPACITY GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO THE UPSTREAM TRIBUTARY PIPE.* **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1200.00 TO NODE 1201.00 IS CODE = 21 »>>>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS«<<< USER-SPECIFIED RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 600.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 200.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 180.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 20.00 URBAN SUBAREA OVERLAND TIME OF FLOW(MIN.) = 16.234 *CAUTION: SUBAREA SLOPE EXCEEDS COUNTY NOMOGRAPH DEFINITION. EXTRAPOLATION OF NOMOGRAPH USED. *CAUTION: SUBAREA FLOWLENGTH EXCEEDS COUNTY NOMOGRAPH DEFINITION. EXTRAPOLATION OF NOMOGRAPH USED. 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.602 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 2.64 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 3.00 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 2.64 ****************************************************i.i** + *,t*,(.,t************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1201,00 TO NODE 1205.00 IS CODE = 51 »»>COMPUTE TRAPEZOIDAL CHANNEL FLOW««< »»>TRAVELTIME THRU SUBAREA (EXISTING ELEMENT) <«« ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 180.00 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 165.00 CHANNEL LENGTH THRU SUBAREA(FEET) = 500.00 CHANNEL SLOPE = 0.0300 CHANNEL BASE(FEET) = 5.00 "Z" FACTOR = 2.000 MANNING'S FACTOR = 0.015 MAXIMUM DEPTH(FEET) = 4.00 CHANNEL FLOW THRU SUBAREA(CFS) = 2.64 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC.) = 4.03 FLOW DEPTH(FEET) = 0.12 TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 2.07 Tc(MIN.) = 18.30 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 1200.00 TO NODE 1205.00 = 1100.00 FEET. ************************************************i:i,i,iti,i,i,i,i,i,i,i,i,i,i,i,i,i,i,i,mfi,ificififif FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 1205.00 TO NODE 1205.00 IS CODE = 81 »>»ADDITION OF SUBAREA TO MAINLINE PEAK FLOW««< 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.483 USER-SPECIFIED RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 88 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 9.20 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 7.51 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 12.20 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 10.15 TC(MIN.) = 18.30 END OF STUDY SUMMARY: TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 12.20 TC(MIN.) = 18.30 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 10.15 END OF RATIONAL METHOD ANALYSIS **************************************************************************** RATIONAL METHOD HYDROLOGY COMPUTER PROGRAM PACKAGE Reference: SAN DIEGO COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT 2003,1985,1981 HYDROLOGY MANUAL (c) Copyright 1982-2003 Advanced Engineering Software (aes) Ver. l.SA Release Date: 01/01/2003 License ID 1509 Analysis prepared by: ProjectDesign Consultants San Diego, CA., 92101 Suite 800 619-235-6471 ************************** DESCRIPTION OF STUDY ************************** * system 200 Bressi Ranch Mass Graded Condition for PA-12 * * onsite flow only * * see drainage report for all flow entering desilting basin * ************************************************************************** FILE NAME: SYS200.DAT TIME/DATE OF STUDY: 11:31 03/24/2004 USER SPECIFIED HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULIC MODEL INFORMATION: 1985 SAN DIEGO MANUAL CRITERIA USER SPECIFIED STORM EVENT(YEAR) = 2.00 6-HOUR DURATION PRECIPITATION (INCHES) = 1.300 SPECIFIED MINIMUM PIPE SIZE(INCH) = 18.00 SPECIFIED PERCENT OF GRADIENTS(DECIMAL) TO USE FOR FRICTION SLOPE = 0.95 SAN DIEGO HYDROLOGY MANUAL "C"-VALUES USED FOR RATIONAL METHOD NOTE: ONLY PEAK CONFLUENCE VALUES CONSIDERED *USER-DEFINED STREET-SECTIONS FOR COUPLED PIPEFLOW AND STREETFLOW MODEL* HALF- CROWN TO STREET-CROSSFALL: CURB GUTTER-GEOMETRIES: MANNING WIDTH CROSSFALL IN- / OUT-/PARK- HEIGHT WIDTH LIP HIKE FACTOR NO. (FT) (FT) SIDE / SIDE/ WAY (FT) (FT) (FT) (FT) (n) 1 30.0 20.0 0.018/0.018/0.020 0.67 2.00 0.0313 0.167 0.0150 GLOBAL STREET FLOW-DEPTH CONSTRAINTS: 1. Relative Flow-Depth = 0.00 FEET as (Maximum Allowable Street Flow Depth) - (Top-of-Curb) 2. (Depth)*(Velocity) Constraint = 6.0 (FT*FT/S) *SIZE PIPE WITH A FLOW CAPACITY GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO THE UPSTREAM TRIBUTARY PIPE.* **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 200.00 TO NODE 201.00 IS CODE = 21 >>»>RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS<<<<< *USER SPECIFIED(SUBAREA): SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 0 NATURAL WATERSHED NOMOGRAPH TIME OF CONCENTRATION (APPENDIX X-A) WITH 10-MIN. ADDED = 10.87(MIN.) INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 85.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 243.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 240.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 3.00 NATURAL WATERSHED TIME OF CONCENTRATION = 10.87 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.076 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 1.14 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 1.00 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 1.14 **************************************************ici,i,i,i,i,i,i,i,iri,i,i,i,m,i,ifici,ifi,i.i,i,i, FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 201.00 TO NODE 202.00 IS CODE = 52 »»>COMPUTE NATURAL VALLEY CHANNEL FLOW««< »»>TRAVELTIME THRU SUBAREA««< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 240.00 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 205.00 CHANNEL LENGTH THRU SUBAREA(FEET) = 1000.00 CHANNEL SLOPE = 0.0350 CHANNEL FLOW THRU SUBAREA(CFS) = 1.14 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC) = 2.88 (PER LACFCD/RCFC&WCD HYDROLOGY MANUAL) TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 5.79 Tc(MIN.) = 16.66 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 200.00 TO NODE 202.00 = 1085.00 FEET. **********************************************i:i,^:i,i,i,i,ifi,i,i,i,i,i,i,ici,ici.i,i,ici.i,i,ifififi.it FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 201.00 TO NODE 202.00 IS CODE = 81 >>>»ADDITION OF SUBAREA TO MAINLINE PEAK FLOW<<<<< 2 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 1.576 *USER SPECIFIED(SUBAREA): SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 0 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 6.70 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 5.81 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 7.70 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 6.95 TC(MIN.) = 16.66 END OF STUDY SUMMARY: TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 7.70 TC(MIN.) = 16.66 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 6.95 END OF RATIONAL METHOD ANALYSIS **************************************************************************** RATIONAL METHOD HYDROLOGY COMPUTER PROGRAM PACKAGE Reference: SAN DIEGO COUNTY FLOOD CONTROL DISTRICT 2003,1985,1981 HYDROLOGY MANUAL (c) Copyright 1982-2003 Advanced Engineering Software (aes) Ver. l.SA Release Date: 01/01/2003 License ID 1509 Analysis prepared by: ProjectDesign Consultants San Diego, CA., 92101 Suite 800 619-235-6471 ************************** DESCRIPTION OF STUDY ************************** * system 200 Bressi Ranch Mass Graded Condition for PA-12 * * onsite flow only * * see drainage report for all flow entering desilting basin * ************************************************************************** FILE NAME: SYS200.DAT TIME/DATE OF STUDY: 11:32 03/24/2004 USER SPECIFIED HYDROLOGY AND HYDRAULIC MODEL INFORMATION: 1985 SAN DIEGO MANUAL CRITERIA USER SPECIFIED STORM EVENT(YEAR) = 10.00 6-HOUR DURATION PRECIPITATION (INCHES) = 1.800 SPECIFIED MINIMUM PIPE SIZE(INCH) = 18.00 SPECIFIED PERCENT OF GRADIENTS(DECIMAL) TO USE FOR FRICTION SLOPE = 0.95 SAN DIEGO HYDROLOGY MANUAL "C"-VALUES USED FOR RATIONAL METHOD NOTE: ONLY PEAK CONFLUENCE VALUES CONSIDERED *USER-DEFINED STREET-SECTIONS FOR COUPLED PIPEFLOW AND STREETFLOW MODEL* HALF- CROWN TO STREET-CROSSFALL: CURB GUTTER-GEOMETRIES: MANNING WIDTH CROSSFALL IN- / OUT-/PARK- HEIGHT WIDTH LIP HIKE FACTOR NO. (FT) (FT) SIDE / SIDE/ WAY (FT) (FT) (FT) (FT) (n) 1 30.0 20.0 0.018/0.018/0.020 0.67 2.00 0.0313 0.167 0.0150 GLOBAL STREET FLOW-DEPTH CONSTRAINTS: 1. Relative Flow-Depth = 0.00 FEET as (Maximum Allowable Street Flow Depth) - (Top-of-Curb) 2. (Depth)*(Velocity) Constraint = 6.0 (FT*FT/S) *SIZE PIPE WITH A FLOW CAPACITY GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO THE UPSTREAM TRIBUTARY PIPE.* **************************************************************************** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 200.00 TO NODE 201.00 IS CODE = 21 »>»RATIONAL METHOD INITIAL SUBAREA ANALYSIS««< *USER SPECIFIED(SUBAREA): SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 0 NATUmVL WATERSHED NOMOGRAPH TIME OF CONCENTRATION (APPENDIX X-A) WITH 10-MIN. ADDED = 10.87(MIN.) INITIAL SUBAREA FLOW-LENGTH(FEET) = 85.00 UPSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 243.00 DOWNSTREAM ELEVATION(FEET) = 240.00 ELEVATION DIFFERENCE(FEET) = 3.00 NATURAL WATERSHED TIME OF CONCENTRATION = 10.87 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.875 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 1.58 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 1.00 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 1.58 **********************************************************i,^c^,^,^;^,^,^,^c********* FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 201.00 TO NODE 202.00 IS CODE = 52 »>»COMPUTE NATURAL VALLEY CHANNEL FLOW<<«< »>»TRAVELTIME THRU SUBAREA<«<< ELEVATION DATA: UPSTREAM(FEET) = 240.00 DOWNSTREAM(FEET) = 205.00 CHANNEL LENGTH THRU SUBAREA(FEET) = 1000.00 CHANNEL SLOPE = 0.0350 CHANNEL FLOW THRU SUBAREA(CFS) = 1.5 8 FLOW VELOCITY(FEET/SEC) = 3.07 (PER LACFCD/RCFC&WCD HYDROLOGY MANUAL) TRAVEL TIME(MIN.) = 5.43 Tc(MIN.) = 16.30 LONGEST FLOWPATH FROM NODE 200.00 TO NODE 202.00 = 1085.00 FEET. ************************************************i,i,ir***i:i,ici,i,i:i,i,i,i,i,i,i,i,i,i,icic**** FLOW PROCESS FROM NODE 201.00 TO NODE 202.00 IS CODE = 81 »>»ADDITION OF SUBAREA TO MAINLINE PEAK FLOW««< 10 YEAR RAINFALL INTENSITY(INCH/HOUR) = 2.213 *USER SPECIFIED(SUBAREA): SINGLE FAMILY DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF COEFFICIENT = .5500 S.C.S. CURVE NUMBER (AMC II) = 0 SUBAREA AREA(ACRES) = 6.70 SUBAREA RUNOFF(CFS) = 8.16 TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 7.70 TOTAL RUNOFF(CFS) = 9.74 TC(MIN.) = 16.30 END OF STUDY SUMMARY: TOTAL AREA(ACRES) = 7.70 TC(MIN.) = 16.30 PEAK FLOW RATE(CFS) = 9.74 END OF RATIONAL METHOD ANALYSIS APPENDIX 4 Supplemental BMP Information Treatment BMP The CDS Unit located within the Bressi Ranch Planning Area. 12 will be located outside the public right-of-way and will be privately constructed, maintained, and funded. The Operational and Maintenance Plan of a the Bressi Ranch Planning /Vrea 12 CDS Unit includes: • Inspection of its structural integrity and its screen for damage. • Animal and vector control. • Periodic sediment removal to optimize performance. • Scheduled trash, debris and sediment removal to prevent obstruction. • Removal of graffiti. • Preventive maintenance of BMP equipment and structures. • Erosion and structural maintenance to maintain the performance of the CDS. Inspection Frequency The facility will be inspected and inspection visits will be completely documented: • Once a month at a minimum. • After every large storm (after every storm monitored or those storms with more than 0.50 inch of precipitation.) • On a weekly basis during extended periods of wet weather. Aesthetic and Functional Maintenance Aesthetic maintenance is important for public acceptance of storm water facilities. Functional maintenance is important for performance and safety reasons. Both forms of maintenance are combined into an overall Storm Water Management System Maintenance Program. The following activities are included in the aesthetic maintenance program: • Graffiti Removal: Graffiti will be removed in a timely manner to upkeep the appearance of the CDS Unit and discourage additional graffiti or other acts of vandalism. Functional maintenance has two components: preventive maintenance and corrective maintenance. Preventive maintenance activities to be instituted at the CDS Unit are: • Trash and debris removal. Trash and debris accumulation, as part of the operation and maintenance program at the CDS Unit, will be monitor once a month during dry and wet season and after every large storm event. Trash and debris will be removed from the CDS unit annually (at end of wet season), or when material is at 85% of CDS' sump capacity, or when the floating debris is 12 inches deep, whichever occurs first. • Sediment removal. Sediment accumulation, as part of the operation. • Maintenance program at a CDS, will be monitored once a month during the dry season, after every large storm (0.50 inch). Sediment will be removed from the CDS annually (at end of wet season), or when material is at 85% of CDS' sump capacity, or when the floating debris is 12 inches deep, whichever occurs first. Characterization and disposal of sediment will comply with applicable local, county, state or federal requirements. • Mechanical and electronic components. Regularly scheduled maintenance will be performed on fences, gates, locks, and sampling and monitoring equipment in accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations. Electronic and mechanical components will be operated during each maintenance inspection to assure continued performance. • Elimination of mosquito breeding habitats. The most effective mosquito control program is one that eliminates potential breeding habitats. Corrective maintenance is required on an emergency or non-routine basis to correct problems and to restore the intended operation and safe function of a CDS. Corrective maintenance activities include: • Removal of debris and sediment. Sediment, debris, and trash, which impede the hydraulic functioning of a CDS will be removed and properly disposed. Temporary arrangements will be made for handling the sediments until a permanent arrangement is made. • Structural repairs. Once deemed necessary, repairs to structural components of a CDS and its inlet and outlet structures will be done within 30 working days. Qualified individuals (i.e., the manufacturer's representatives) will conduct repairs where structural damage has occurred. • Erosion repair. Where factors have created erosive conditions (i.e., pedestrian traffic, concentrated flow, etc.), corrective steps will be taken to prevent loss of soil and any subsequent danger to the performance of a CDS. There are a number of corrective actions than can be taken. These include erosion control blankets, riprap, or reduced flow through the area. Designers or contractors will be consulted to address erosion problems if the solution is not evident. • Fence repair. Repair of fences will be done within 30 days to maintain the security ofthe site. Elimination of animal burrows. Animal burrows will be filled and steps taken to remove the animals if burrowing problems continue to occur (filling and compacting). If the problem persists, vector control specialists will be consulted regarding removal steps. This consulting is necessary as the threat of rabies in some areas may necessitate the animals being destroyed rather than relocated. If the BMP performance is affected, abatement will begin. Otherwise, abatement will be performed annually in September. General facility maintenance. In addition to the above elements of corrective maintenance, general corrective maintenance will address the overall facility and its associated components. If corrective maintenance is being done to one component, other components will be inspected to see if maintenance is needed. Maintenance Frequency The maintenance indicator document, included herein, lists the schedule of maintenance activities to be implemented at a CDS. Debris and Sediment Disposal Waste generated at a CDS is ultimately the responsibility of Bressi Ranch PA 12. Disposal of sediment, debris, and trash will comply with applicable local, county, state, and federal waste control programs. Hazardous Waste Suspected hazardous wastes will be analyzed to determine disposal options. Hazardous wastes generated onsite will be handled and disposed of according to applicable local, state, and federal regulations. A soUd or liquid waste is considered a hazardous waste if it exceeds the criteria list in the CCR, Title 22, Article 11. 30" DIAMETER CAST IRON MANHOLE FRAME AND COVER SUPPLIED BY CDS OR CONTRACTOR REINFORCED CONCRETE TRAFFIC BEARING SLAB SUPPLIED BY CDS OR CONTRACTOR PSW70 RISER SECTIONS, (AS REQUIRED) SUPPLIED BY CDS PSW70 INLET/OUTLET SUPPLIED BY CDS PSW70 SEPARATION CHAMBER TOP SUPPLIED BY CDS PSW70 SEPARATION CHAMBER SUPPLIED BY CDS PSW70 SUMP SUPPLIED BY CDS ACCESS COVER AND FRAME REDUCER SECTION AS REQUIRED RISER BARREL LENGTH VARIES PSW70 WEIR BOX COVER LID CDS UNIT TO WEIR BOX CONNECTION COLLAR NOT SHOWN ' PSW70 WEIR BOX (CUSTOMIZED TO EACH LOCATION) INLET PIPE BLOCKOUT CONNECTION COLLAR NOT SHOWN BLOCKOUT FOR CONNECTION TO OUTLET PIPE COLLAR (COLLAR CONNECTION NOT SHOWN) DIVERSION STRUCTURE SUPPLIED BY CDS OR CONTRACTOR PSW70 ASSEMBLY, SEE SHEET 2 PSW70 ASSEMBLY PATENTED, TECHNOLOGIES CDS PSW70 ASSEMBLY AND DIVERSION STRUCTURE DATE SCALE 1/19/99 N.TS. DRAWN SHEET ARDY SHEET APPROV. 1 R. HOWARD CDS Access Cover Not Shown PSW70 WT-2,330#/FT PSW70 Intake, WT=9,500# PSW70 Chamber Top Assembled wt=43,460# PSW70 Screen, Not Shown CDS Furnished and installed PSW70 Separation Chamber P70 Sump, WT=8.150# DETAIL ASSEMBLY CDS PSW70 DATE 1/19/99 SCALE N.T.S. CDS PSW70 DRAWN SHEET ASSEMBLY V.H.S, o "•^^J^^' TTCHNOLOGIES PATENTED ASSEMBLY APPROV. R. HDVARD TYPICAL / GENERIC INSTALLATION (LEFT HAND UNIT SHOWN) XX'Sl INLET PIPE SEE NOTE 1. 24*9! MH COVER AND PRAME (TYPICAL), OTHER . ACCESS COVERS AVAILABLE DIVERSION CHAMBER POUR CONCRETE CONNECTION COLLARS TD SEAL INLET AND OUTLET PIPES. XX'0 DUTLET PIPE CONNECTION COLLAR, POURED IN FIELD 14' TO 16"_ CTYPICAJ.) SHT 4 17' TO 19' CTYPICAL) " FLOV SHT 4 J PLAN VIEW CDS MODEL PSW70_70 26 CFS CAPACITY STORM WATER TREATMENT UNIT NDTESi 1. CREATE SMOOTH SVALE TRANSITION THROUGH DIVERSION BOX VITH SECONDARY CONCRETE POUR IN FIELD PROJECT NAME CITY, STATE DATE ^ ^ 4/3/01 SCALE r=5" PROJECT NAME CITY, STATE DRAVN W. STEIN SHEET 3 T TECHNOLOGIES IPATENTED APPRDV. SHEET 3 TYPICAL / GENERIC INSTALLATION (LEFT HAND UNIT SHOWN) ZA't MH COVER AND FRAME (TYPICAL), OTHER ACCESS COVERS AVAILABLE 30" ACCESS COVER (TYPICAL), DTHER ACCESS COVERS AVAILABLE 17" TO 19' (TYPICAL) ELEVATION VIEW CDS MODEL PSW70_70, 26 CFS CAPACITY STORM WATER TREATMENT UNIT TECHNOLOGIES PATENTED PROJECT NAME CITY, STATE DATE 3/11/00 SCALE r=5" TECHNOLOGIES PATENTED PROJECT NAME CITY, STATE DRAVN W. STEIN SHEET 4 TECHNOLOGIES PATENTED APPRDV. SHEET 4 Performance Specifications Continuous Deflective Separation Storm Water Treatment Unit The Contractor shall install a precast storm water treatment unit (STWU) in accordance with the notes and details shown on the Drawings and in conformance with these SpeciUcations. The precast storm water treatment units shall be conUnuous deflective separators (CDS®) unit. The CDS® unit shall be non-mechanical and gravity driven, requiring no external power requirements. The CDS® unit shall come equipped with a stainless steel expanded metal screen having a screen opening of 4700 microns (4.7 mm or 0.185 inches). The separation screen shall be self-cleaning and non-blocking for all flows diverted to it, even when flows within the pipe exceed the CDS® unifs design treatment flow capacity. For this condition, some Storm flow bypasses the unit over the diversion weir. Solids Removal Performance Requirements The CDS unit shall be capable of removing suspended and fine solids and shall capture 100% of the floatables and 100% of all particles equal to or greater than 4.7 millimeter (mm) for all flow conditions up to unit's design treatment flow capacity, regardless of the particle's specific gravity. The CDS® unit shall capture 100% of all neutrally buoyant material greater than 4.7 mm for all flow conditions up to its design treatment flow capacity. There shall be no flow conditions up to the design treatment flow capacity of the CDS® unit in which a flow path through the CDS® unit can be identified that allows the passage of a 4.7-mm or larger neutrally buoyant object. The CDS® unit shall permanently retain all captured material for all flow condiUons of the storm drains to include flood conditions. The CDS® unit shall not allow materials that have been captured within the unit to be flushed through or out of the unit during any flow condition to include flood and/or tidal influences. The CDS® unit shall capture 95% of 2350-micron size sand particles (one half the screen opening size), 90% of 1551-micron size sand particles (one third the size of the screen opening) and 50% of 940-micron size sand particles (one fifth the size of the screen opening). There shall be no attenuation of these removal efficiencies or blocking of the screen face as the flow rate increases up to treatment flow capacity of the CDS® unit. The following table lists these required removal efficiencies for a CDS® unit equipped with 4700- micron size screen; D - 1 ^w^^ CDS liijr*'' l«MNO«.OGtt5 Performance Specifications Table 1 MEDIUM/FINE SAND SEDIMENT REMOVAL (Indirect Screening - 4700-Micron Screen) Particle Removal Efficiency* Particle Size as percentage of screen opening (%) Screening Removal Efficiency Standard Screen Openings Particle Size as percentage of screen opening (%) Screening Removal Efficiency 4700 Micron (0.185-inches) Particle Size as percentage of screen opening (%) Screening Removal Efficiency Microns Inches 100 100% 4700 0.185 50 95% 2350 0.093 33 90% 1551 0.061 20 50% 940 0.037 Particle Specific Gravity = 2.65 Solids Removal Performance Requirements: (0.095 inches) screen] [For CDS® units equipped with a 2400-micron The CDS unit shall be capable of removing suspended and fine solids and shall capture 100% of the floatables and 100% of all particles greater than 2.4 millimeter for all flow conditions up to its design treatment flow capacity, regardless ofthe particle's specific gravity. The CDS unit shall capture 100% of all neutrally buoyant material greater than 2.4 millimeters (mm) for all flow conditions up its design treatment flow capacity. There shall be no flow conditions up to the minimum treatment flow capacity in which a flow path through the CDS unit can be identified that allows the passage of a 2.4-millimeter or larger neutrally buoyant object. The CDS unit shall permanently retain all captured material for all flow conditions of the storm drain to include flood conditions. The CDS unit shall not allow matenals that have been captured within the unit to be flushed through and/or out of the unit during any flow condition. The CDS unit shall capture 98% of 600-micron size sand particles (one fourth the screen opening size), 80% of 425-micron size sand particles (one twelfth the size of the screen opening) and 42% of 300-micron size sand particles (one twelfth the size of the screen opening). There shall be no blocking of the screen face as the flow rate increases up to the •treatment flow capacity. The following table lists these required removal efficiencies for a CDS unit equipped with a 2400-micron size screen: D - 2 Performance Specifications Table 2 MEDIUM/FINE SEDIMENT REMOVAL (Indirect Screening - 2400-Micron Screen) Particle Removal Efficiency* Particle Size (pm) Particle Removal Efficiency (%) CDS flow rate Particle Size (pm) 28% Capacity (8 l/s) 60.7% Capacity (17 l/s) >2400 100 100 2400 - 850 100 100 850 - 600 100 100 600 - 425 100 98 425 - 300 96 80 300 - 150 76 42 150-75 42 12 *Particle SG = 2.65 Manufacturers Performance Certificate The manufacturer of the CDS® unit shall submit details and shop drawings of sufficient detail for the Engineer to confirm that no available flow paths exist that would allow the passage of an object greater than 4.7 mm [2.4 mm if a 2400 micron screen is specified]. Additionally, the manufacturer shall submit a "Manufacturers Performance Certificate" certifying that the CDS® unit shall achieve the specified removal efficiencies listed in these specificafions. This Manufacturer's Performance Certification of removal efficiencies shall clearly and unequivocally state that the listed removal efficiency shall be achieved throughout the enUre treatment flow processed by the CDS® unit with no attenuation of removal efficiency as the flow increase up to the minimum treatment flow capacity specified above. Oil and Grease Removal Performance The CDS® unit is equipped with a conventional oil baffle to capture and retain oil and grease and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) pollutants as they are transported through the storm drain system during dry weather (gross spills) and wet weather flows. The conventional oil baffle within a unit assures safisfactory oil and grease removal from typical urban storm water runoff. D-3 Performance Specifications The CDS® unit shall also be capable of receiving and retaining the addition of Oil Sorbents within their separation chambers. The addition of the oil sorbents can ensure the permanent removal of 80% to 90% of the free oil and grease from the storm water runoff. The addition of sorbents enables increased oil and grease capture efficiencies beyond that obtainable by a conventional oil baffle systems. Sorbent material shall be added in accordance with the "OIL SORBENTS SPECIFICATION". Appendix D, CDS® Technical Manual. Warrantv The manufacturer of the CDS® unit shall guarantee the filtration unit free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period one year following installation. Equipment supplied by the manufacturer shall be installed and used only in the particular application for which it was specifically designed. D - 4 CDS CDS lecHNCXootes OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE GUIDELINES For the CONTINUOUS DEFLECTIVE SEPARATION UNIT INTRODUCTION The CDS unit is an important and effecfive component of your storm water management program and proper operation and maintenance of the unit are essential to demonstrate your compliance with local, state and federal water polluUon control requirements. The CDS technology features a patented non-blocking, indirect screening technique developed in Australia to treat water runoff. The unit is highly effecUve in the capture of suspended solids, fine sands and larger parficles. Because of its non-l3locking screening capacity, the CDS unit is un-matched in its ability to capture and retain gross pollutants such as trash and debris. In short, CDS units capture a very wide range of organic and in-organic solids and pollutants that typically result in tons of captured solids each year: total suspended solids (TSS), sediments, oil and greases and captured trash and debris (including floatables, neutrally buoyant, and negatively buoyant debris) under very high flow rate conditions. CDS units are equipped with convenfional oil baffles to capture and retain oil and grease. Laboratory evaluations show that the CDS units are capable of capturing up to 70% of the free oil and grease from storm water. CDS units can also accommodate the addition of oil sorbents within their separation chambers. The addition of the oil sorbents can ensure the permanent removal of 80% to 90% of the free oil and grease from the storm water runoff. OPERATIONS The CDS unit is a non-mechanical self-operafing system and will funcfion any fime there is flow in the storm drainage system. The unit will continue to effectively capture pollutants in flows up to the design capacity even during extreme rainfall events when the design capacity may be exceeded. Pollutants captured in the CDS unit's separation chamber and sump will be retained even when the unit's design capacity is exceeded. CDS CLEANOUT The frequency of cleaning the CDS unit will depend upon the generafion of trash and debris and sediments in your application. Cleanout and preventive maintenance schedules will be determined based on operating experience unless precise pollutant loadings have been determined. The unit should be periodically inspected to determine the amount of accumulated pollutants and to ensure that the cleanout frequency is adequate to handle the predicted pollutant load being processed by the CDS unit. The recommended cleanout of solids within the CDS unit's sump should occur at 75% of the sump capacity. However, the sump may be completely full with no impact to the CDS unit's performance. Access to the CDS unit is typically achieved through two manhole access covers - one allows inspection and cleanout of the separation chamber (screen/cylinder) & sump and another allows inspecfion and cleanout of sediment captured and retained behind the screen. The PSW & PSWC off-line models have an addifional access cover over the weir of the diversion vault. For units possessing a sizable depth below grade (depth to CDS TeCHNOLOGieS pipe), a single manhole access point would allow both sump cleanout and access behind the screen. CDS Technologies Recommends The Following: NEW INSTALLATIONS - Check the condifion of the unit after every runoff event for the first 30 days. The visual inspecUon should ascertain that the unit is functioning properly (no blockages or obstructions to inlet and/or separaUon screen), measuring the amount of solid materials that have accumulated in the sump, the amount of fine sediment accumulated behind the screen, and determining the amount floating trash and debris in the separaUon chamber. This can be done with a calibrated "dip stick" so that the depth of deposifion can be tracked. Schedules for inspections and cleanout should be based on storm events and pollutant accumulation. ONGOING OPERATION - During the rainfall season, the unit should be inspected at least once every 30 days. The floatables should be removed and the sump cleaned when the sump is 75-85% full. If floatables accumulate more rapidly than the setfieable solids, the floatables should be removed using a vactor truck or dip net before the layer thickness exceeds one to two feet. Cleanout of the CDS unit at the end of a rainfall season is recommended because of the nature of pollutants collected and the potential for odor generation from the decomposition of material collected and retained. This end of season cleanout will assist in preventing the discharge of pore water from the CDS® unit during summer months. USE OF SORBENTS - It needs to be emphasized that the addition of sorbents is not a requirement for CDS units to effecfively control oil and grease from storm water. The conventional oil baffle within a unit assures safisfactory oil and grease removal. However, the addifion of sorbents is a unique enhancement capability speciai to CDS units, enabling increased oil and grease capture efficiencies beyond that obtainable by conventional oil baffle systems. Under normal operafions, CDS units will provide effluent concentrations of oil and grease that are less than 15 parts per million (ppm) for all dry weather spills where the volume is less than or equal to the spill capture volume of the CDS unit. During wet weather flows, the oil baffle system can be expected to remove between 40 and 70% of the free oil and grease from the storm water runoff. CDS Technologies only recommends the addition of sorbents to the separafion chamber if there are specific land use acfivifies in the catchment watershed that could produce exceptionally large concentrafions of oil and grease In the runoff, concentration levels well above typical amounts. If site evaluations merit an increased control of free oil and grease then oil sorbents can be added to the CDS unit to thoroughly address these particular pollutants of concern. Recommended Oil Sorbents Rubberizer® Particulate 8-4 mesh or OARS™ Particulate for Filtration, HPT4100 or equal. Rubberizer® is supplied by Haz-Mat Response Technologies, Inc. CDS TeCHNOLOGl€S 4626 Santa Fe Street, San Diego, CA 92109 (800) 542-3036. OARS™ is supplied by AbTech Industries, 4110 N. Scottsdale Road, Suite 235, Scottsdale, AZ 85251 (800) 545-8999. The amount of sorbent to be added to the CDS separation chamber can be determined if sufficient information is known about the concentration of oil and grease in the runoff. Frequently the actual concentrations of oil and grease are too variable and the amount to be added and frequency of cleaning will be determined by periodic observation of the sorbent. As an initial applicafion, CDS recommends that approximately 4 to 8 pounds of sorbent material be added to the separaUon chamber of the CDS units per acre of parking lot or road surface per year. Typically this amount of sorbent results in a Vi inch to one (1") inch depth of sorbent material on the liquid surface of the separation chamber. The oil and grease loading of the sorbent material should be observed after major storm events. Oil Sorbent material may also be furnished in pillow or boom configurations. The sorbent material should be replaced when it is fully discolored by skimming the sorbent from the surface. The sorbent may require disposal as a special or hazardous waste, but will depend on local and state regulatory requirements. CLEANOUT AND DISPOSAL - A vactor truck is recommended for cleanout of the CDS unit and can be easily accomplished in less than 30-40 minutes for most installations. Standa'rd vactor operations should be employed in the cleanout of the CDS unit. Disposal of matenal from the CDS unit should be in accordance with the local municipality's requirements. Disposal of the decant material to a POTW is recommended. Field decanting to the storm drainage system is not recommended. Solids can be disposed of in a similar fashion as those materials collected from street sweeping operations and catch-basin cleanouts. MAINTENANCE The CDS unit should be pumped down at least once a year and a thorough inspection of the separafion chamber (inlet/cylinder and separafion screen) and oil baffle performed. The unit's internal components should not show any signs of damage or any loosening of the bolts used to fasten the various components to the manhole structure and to each other. Ideally, the screen should be power washed for the inspection. If any of the internal components is damaged or if any fasteners appear to be damaged or missing, please contact CDS Technologies to make arrangements to have the damaged items repaired or replaced: CDS Technologies, Inc. Phone, Toll Free: (888) 535-7559 16360 Monterey Road, Suite 250 Fax: (408) 782-0721 Morgan Hill, CA 95037-5406 The screen assembly is fabricated from Type 316 stainless steel and fastened with Type 316 stainless steel fasteners that are easily removed and/or replaced with conventional hand tools. The damaged screen assembly should be replaced with the new screen assembly placed in the same orientation as the one that was removed. CDS CONFINED SPACE The CDS unit is a confined space environment and only propedy trained personnel possessing the necessary safety equipment should enter the unit to perform maintenance or inspecfion procedures. Inspections of the internal components can in most cases, be accomplished through observations from the ground surface. RECORDS OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE CDS Technologies recommends that the owner maintain annual records of the operafion and maintenance of the CDS unit to document the effective maintenance of this important component of your storm water management program. The attached Annual Record of Operations and Maintenance form is suggested and should be retained for a minimum period of three years. CDS T6CHNC3I,C>0!€S CDS TECHNOLOGIES ANNUAL RECORD OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OWNER _ ADDRESS OWNER REPRESENTATIVE PHONE CDS INSTALLATION: MODEL DESIGNATION, SITE LOCATION DATE DEPTH FROM COVER TO BOTTOM OF SUMP VOLUME OF SUMP CUYD VOLUME/INCH DEFTH . CUYD INSPECTIONS: DATE/INSPECTOR SCREEN IINTTEGRITY aOATABLES DEPTH SEDIMEm" VOLUME SORBENT DISCOLORATION OBSERVATIONS OF FUNCTION: CLEANOUT: DATt VOLUME FLOATABLES VOLUME SEDIMENTS METHOD OF DISPOSAL OF FLOATABLES, SEDIMENTS, DEC:ANT AND SORBEI\n"S OBSERVATIONS: SCREEN MAINTENANCE: DATE OF POWER WASHING, INSPECTION AND OBSERVATIONS: CERTIFICATION: TITLE: DATE: Inlet Stenciling and Signage iPA - Public InvoIvemenLT'articipation r ato 1 Ul v> Construction Activity Who's Covered? -Application Requirements Industrial Activity Who's Covered? -Application Requirements Municipal MS4s -Large & Medium -Small Phase I Phasc II -Menu of BMPs -Urbanized Area Maps Wet Weather Discharges 'angered Species earch Species storm Water Home U.S. Environmenfal Protection Agency National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Recent Additions | Contac< Us \ Print Version Search NPDES: j EPA Home > OW Home > OWM Home > NPDES Home > Slorm Water > Menu of BMPs Public Involvement/Participation Storm Drain Stenciling Description Storm drain stenciling involves lat)eling storm drain inlets with painted messages warning citizens not to dump pollutants into the drains. The stenciled messages are generally a simple phrase to remind passersby that the storm drains connect to local waterbodies and that dumping pollutes those waters. Some specify which walerbody the inlet drains to or name the particular river, lake, or bay. Commonly stenciled messages include: "No Dumping, Drains to Water Source," "Drains to River." and "You Dump it. You Drink it. No Waste Here," Pictures can also be used to convey the message, including a shrimp, common game fish, or a graphic depiction of the path from drain to waterbody. Communities with a large Spanish-speaking population might wish fo develop stencils in both English and Spanish, or use a graphic alone. Applicability Municipalities can undertake stenciling projects throughout the entire community, especially in areas with sensitive waters or where trash, nutrients, or biological oxygen demand have been identified as high priority pollutants, However, regardless ot the condition of the walerbody, the signs raise awareness about the connection between storm drains and receiving waters and they help deter littering, nutrient overenrichment, and other practices that contribute to nonpoint source poilution. Municipalities should identify a subset of drains to stencil because there mighl be hundreds of inlets; stenciling all of them would be prohibitivefy e.xpensive and might actually diminish the effect of the message on the public. The drains should be carefully selected to send the message to the maximum number of citizens (for example, in areas of high pedestrian traffic) and to target drains leading to waterbodies where illegal dumping has been identified as a source of pollution. Implementation Municipalities can implement storm drain stenciling programs in two ways. In some cases, cities and towns use their own public works staff to do the labeling. Some municipalities feel that having their own crews do the work Menu of BMPs Information Menu of BMPs Home Public Education & Outreach on Storm Waler Impacts PubHc Involvement & Participation lllicrt Discharge Detection & Elimination Construction Site Storm Water RunoH Control Post-Conslruction Storm Waler Manaaement in New Development & Redevelopment Pollution Prevenlion & Good Housei-.eepinq for Municipal Operations Downloadable Files Measurable Goals The documents on Ihis sile are besl viewed with Aciobal 5.0 htIp://cfpub.epa,gov/npdes/stormwaler/menuofbmps/invoL6.cfm 2/21/2003 EPA - Public Involvement/Participation produces better results and eliminates liability and safely concerns. More commonly, stenciling projects are conducted by volunteer groups in cooperation with a municipality. In such an arrangement, volunteer groups provide the labor and the municipality provides su.oplies, safety equipment, and a map and/or directions to the drains to be stenciled. The benefits of using volunteers are lower cost and increased public awareness of storm water pollutants and their path to waterbodies, A municipality can establish a program to comprehensively address storm drain stenciling and actively recruit volunteer groups to tietp. or the municipality can facilitate volunteer groups ttial lake the initiative to undertake a stenciling projecl. Whether the municipality or a volunteer group initiates a stenciling project, the municipality should designate a person in charge of the sform drain stenciling program. Many municipalities will designate a person from the pubic works or water quality department to coordinate stenciling projects by volunteer groups. Because these programs depend heavily on volunteer labor, organizers and coordinators should be skilled in recruiting, training, managing, and recognizing volunteers. Coordination activities include providing • Stenciling kits containing all materials and tools needed to carry out a slenciling project • A map of the storm drains to be stenciled • Training for volunteers on safety procedures and on the technique for using stencils or affixing signs • Safety equipment (tratfic cones, safety vests, masks and/or goggles for spray paint, and gloves if glue is used) • Incentives and rewards for voRjnteers (badges, T-shirts, certificates). The coordinator might also wish to provide pollutant-tracking forms to collect data on serious instances of dumping. Participants in slorm drain stenciling projects can be asked to note storm drains that are clogged with debris or show obvious signs of dumping. This enables city crews to target cleanup efforts. Volunteers shouW be instructed on what kinds of pollutants to look for and how to fill oul data cards. Volunteers also should record the kjcations of all slorm drains labeled during the project, so the city can keep track. Additionally, the participants should convene after ttie event to talk about what they have found. Their reactions and impressions can help organizers improve future stenciling projects. If a municipality chooses to initiate a storm drain stenciling program and solicit the help of volunteer organizations, they can advertise Ihrough a variety of channels. Outreach strategies include • Distributing pamphlets and brochures to area service organizations • Placing articles in local magazines • Taking out newspaper ads • Placing an environmenlai insert in the local newspaper • Making presentations at community meetings • Devetoping public ser»^ice announcements for radio • Creating a web site with background and conlact information as well as photos and stories from past stenciling events (ttte references section contains a list of storm drain stenciling web sites from communities across the country) • Using word-of-mouth communications about the program. Newspapers can be notified to get advance coverage of a planned slenciling event. Newspapers might choose to cover the evenl itself as an environmental feature story to further public awareness, A news release issued for the day ot the event can draw TV and/or newspaper coverage, Pubtic service announcements made before the event also will help to reinforce the message. Additionally, some municipalities can have volunteers http://cfpub-epa gov/npdes/slonnwater/menuolT»mps/invoL6.cfm 2/21/2003 iPA - Public Involvement/Participation '"''Sc J ui u distribute door hangers in the targeted neighborhoods to notify residents that storm drain stenciling is taking place. The hangers explain the purpose ol the project and offer tips on how citizens can reduce urhan runoff in general, For any volunteer project to be successful, volunteers must feef they have done something worthwhile. Communities active in storm drain slenciling have developed a variety of ways to recognize volunteers, including • Providing each participant with a certificate of appreciation and/or letter of thanks signed by the mayor • Distributinglogo items such as T-shirts, hats, badges, plastic water bottles, or other items to participants before or after the event • Holding a picnic or small party after the event with refreshments donated by a local business • Providing coupons for free pizza, hamburgers, ice cream, or movies donated by local merchants • Taking pictures of stenciling teams before, during, and after the event lo create a pictorial record of volunteers" activity. Since stenciling projects take place on city streets, volunteer safety is of utmost importance. The city might wish to designate lower-traffic residential areas as targets for volunteer stenciling and provide safety equipment and training. Most programs require that stenciling be done in teams, with at least one person designated to watch for traffic. Adult supervision is needed when volunteers are school children or members of youth groups, Mosl cities also require participating volunteers (or their parents) to sign a waiver of liabiiity. An attomey for the municipality shoutd be consulted to determine what liability exists and bow lo handle this issue. Materials Most communities use stencils and paint to label their storm drains. Some communities stencil directly onto the curb, street, or sidewalk, while others firsl paint a while background and then stencil over it. The most commonly used stencils are made of Mylar, a flexible plastic material lhat can be cleaned and reused many times. However, slencils can also be made from cardboard, aluminum, or other material. TTie reference section lists web sites where stencils can be purchased. Storm drain messages can be placed flat against the sidewalk surtace just above the storm drain inlet, while others are placed on the curb facing the street or on the streel itself, either just upstream of the storm drain or on the street in front of the drain. However, messages placed on the street might wear out sooner. Paint or ink can be sprayed on or applied by brush and roller. Spray paint is quickest and probably the easiest to apply neatly. Regions that do not meet federal air-quality standards should avoid using spray paints, since many contain air-polluting propellants. It is recommended lo use 'environmentally friendly" paint that contains no heavy metals and is low in volatile organic compounds. Alternatives to painted messages inciude permanenl signs made of aluminum, ceramic, plastic, or other durable materials. These signs last longer than stenciled messages and need only glue to affix them to storni drain inlets. They might also be neater and easier fo read from a distance. Tiles or plaques can be dislodged by pedestrian tratfic if they are disturtied before Ihe glue dries, Benefils http://cfpub,epa,gov/npdes/stonnvvater/menuofbmps/invol„6cfm 2/21/2003 IPA - Public Involvement/Partjcipation f ^' ^ Stomi drain stenciling projects offer an excellent opportunity to educate the public about the link between the storm drain system and drinking water quality. In addition to the latieled storm drains, media coverage of the program or stenciling event can increase public awareness of slorm water issues. Volunteer groups can provide additional benefils by picking up trash near the stenciled storm drains and by noting where maintenance is needed. Additionally, stenciling projects can provide a lead-in to volunteer monitoring projects and increase community participation in a variety of olher storm water-related activities. Limitations A storm drain stenciling program is generally effective, inexpensive, and easy to implement. However, larger communities can have many storm drain inlets, so volunteer coordinators need lo tie skilled at recruiting and organizing the efforts of volunteers to provide adequate coverage over large areas. Safety considerations might also limit stenciling programs in areas where traffic congestion is high. Other environmenlai considerations such as the use of propellants in spray paint in areas thai do nol meet air quality slandards should be taken into account. Finally, stencils will require repainting after years of weather and traff ic, and tiles and permanent signs might need replacement if they are improperty installed or subject lo vandalism. Effectiveness By raising public awareness of urban runoff, storm drain stenciling programs should discourage practices that generate nonpoint source pollutants. As with any public education project, however, it is difficult lo precisely measure the effect lhal storm drain stenciling programs have on human behavior. Nor is it easy to measure reducttons in certain components of urban runoff, which by definition is diffuse in origin. Some municipalities attempt to assess the effectiveness of storm drain stenciling programs by periodically examining water samples from targeted stonm drain outfalls (places where storm drains emply into a waterbody). If the slorm drains leading to a particular outfall have been labeled, and if the levels of pollutants from that outfall decline after the stencils were put in place, one can assume the labeling has had some deterrent effect. This monitoring can be conducted by the same volunteer groups that stenciled the drains and can be incorporated into exisling volunteer monitoring programs or can initiate the development of a new program. Cities also infer stenciling program success from increases in the volume of used motor oil delivered to used-oil recycling centers. Others measure success in terms of how many drains are stenciled and the number of requests received by volunteer groups to participate in the program. They can also take into consideration the number of cleanups conducted by the city as a result of reports made by volunteers. Costs Mylar stencils cosl about 45 cents per linear inch and can be used for 25 to 500 stencilings, depending on wheiher paint is sprayed or applied with a brush or roller, Permanenl signs are generally more costly: ceramic tiles cost $5 lo S6 each and metal stencils can cost $100 or more- References How To Develop a Slorm Drain Stenciring Program and Conduct Projects: Center for Marine Conservation, 1998, Million Points of Blight. http://cfpub,epa.gov/npdes/stonmwa!er/inenuorbmps/invoL6.cfm 2/21/2003 EPA - Public Involvement/Participation fage D or o (ht1p://www,crnc^pcean grg/clea^^ I"'" '"""^l) Lasl updated 1998, Accessed February 13, 2001, Center for Marine Conservation. No date. How lo Conduct a Storm Drain Stenciling Project. [http:/A^fww.cmc-ocean,orq/mdio/drain.php3 |>vir.«i.ci.;m,7>]] Accessed February 13, 2001, East Dakota Waler Developmenl District No dale. Sform Drain Stenciling. Ibttpj/Mww.brpokLngs^cpm^^ M'^ •""'•'"''H] Accessed February 13.2001, Hunter, R. 1995. Slonn Drain Stenciling: The Street-River Connection. [http://www.epa.qov/volunteer/fall95/urbwat10.html. Last updated December 8, 1998. Accessed February 13, 2001. The Rivers Projecl, Southem Illinois University at Edwardsville. 1998. Gateway Area Storm Sewer Stenciling Project [http://wv>w,siue,edu/OSME/river/stencil,hlml ^TTd^Tu^Tg] Last updated November 9, 1998, Accessed February 14, 2001. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commisston. No date. Storm Drain Stenciling: Preventing Water Pollution. [bttpi//vywwjnrcc.^ drain,html it-Nrrai..i.i»r.>1j Accessed February 13, 2001, Purchase Stencils: Clean Ocean Action, 20O0, S/om7 Drain Stenciling. [bltpjV/w>wjilean6ceanaction,or(VSt [f \iTa..cT.i.nr7>l] Last updated June 23, 2000. Accessed February 13. 2001. Earthwater Stencils. Ltd, 1997. Earthwater Stencils, Ltd. {http:/Avww,earthwater-stencils.com ^xird»cui«{7gj Last updated 1997. Accessed February 14. 2001, Communities With Storm Drain Stenciling Web Sites: City of Berkley. California. Department of Public Works, No dafe. Storm Drain Stenciling. [hijpj^/www,ci,berkeley,ca,us/PW/Storm/stencil,html |rAiTUi»i.im.7>fj Accessed Febmary 13. 2001, City of Honolulu. Hawaii, No date. Volunteer Activities. (http://wvyw,cleanwalerhonolulu com/drain.html ^"•'"''"•^'H) Accessed February 14. 2001. City of Portland, Oregon. Environmental Services. No date. Storm Drain Stenciling. (http://www,enviro,ci,portland,or.us/sds,hlm [^'^'^•""^'"-^•^H] Accessed February 14, 2001, Clemson Extension Office. No date. Storm Drain Stenciling South Carolina 'Paint The Drain' Campaign. |http;tfvu1ual,ciCT li,\iT.i»ci.im^7>]] Accessed February 14, 2001, Friends of the Mississippi River. 2000, Storm Drain Stenciling Program. [btlpj//www.ffTir.org/stericil,htrpl l''^"''"''"""^] Last updated 2000, Accessed February 14, 2001, http://cfpub,epa,gov/npdes/stormwaler/menuofbmps/invoL6 cfm 2/21/2003 EPA - Public Involvement/Participation f'age o or o Oflice ol Water | Oftice ot Wastewater Management | Disclaimer | Search EPA EPA Home | Privacy and Security Nolice | Coniacl Us Lasl updated on August 15. 2002 1:44 PM URL: ht1p://ctpub epa.gov/npdes/stomiwa1er/menuofbmps/invol_6.cfm hUp://cfpub.epa,gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/invoL6.cfm 2/21/2003 9011 flesseciioss Ai|ifi. Vn llireiio iU l^ceaiHi L lia soiuciiiii n la coiifaiiiiuacioii del drenaje itliixial eres td. I • ' ' I Eagle 9455 Ridgehaven Ct., Suite 106 San Diego, CA 92123 1-858-54M888 1-888-624-1888 Earthwater Stencils, LTD Rochester, WA 98579 1-360-956-3774 FAX 360-956-7133 Storm Water Education IIH-^ Blue: Cons Jardines Sanos y Familias Sanas Los productos qufmlcos, fertilizantes herbicidas y pesticldas pueden ser daninos tanto para usted comn para su familla, y tambien para las plantas y cinimales. Hay otras formas de mantener a su jardin verde sin tener que usar substancias t6xicas, • SI tiene que usar pesticldas o fertilizantes. uselos con moderacicJn, Lea las etiquetas detalladamente v MO apllque una substancla si hay pronOstlcos de lluvia • Use desechos organicos en vez de herbicidas para prevenir que crezcan las hlerbas malas y para ayudar a absorber el agua. • Seleccione plantas naturales de la region que son resistentes a la falta de agua las cuales conservan agtia y previenen el escurrimiento • No negue dcmasiado su Jardfn. Riegue durante las lioras mc*,s frescas del dia y no deje escurrlr el aeua por el desague. ^ • Drene su alberca solamente cuando el nlvel de cloro no es detectado en su equipo de detecclOn de cloro para albercas. • Mantenga los desagues enfrente de su casa limpios y de sm hojas y recortes de pasto, Barra la basura de la entrada a su garaje en vez de echarle agua con la manguera, ^ H^bitos Utiles en el Hogar Si usa substancias peligrosas tales como pinturas .solventes y limpiadores, uselos en pequeiias cantidades, de acuerdo a las instrucciones, Cuardelos correctamente para evitar que se derramen. Sl usa pinturas a base de agua, enjuague las brochas en el fregadero. Para pinturas a base de aceite. limpie la brot:ha con adelgazador de pintura, cu^lelo y vuelva a usarlo. Tire todas las pinturas y materiales a travSs de un prograrna de recoleccl6n de desechos peligrosos Nunca limple las brochas nl tire pintura por el desague pluvial. Si usa otras substancias peligrosas tales como limpiadores y solventes, llSvelos a un lugar de recolecclon de desechos peligrosos Recoja la basura y los desechos en su jardin y casa. SI esta remodelando su casa, tire el concreto. muros de yeso y mortero a la basura, No enjuague el concreto o mortero a la calle. Recoja los desechos de mascotas y tirelos al excusado 0 pongalos en una bolsa en ia basura. La bacteria de los desechos animales es dafilna y contamina a nuestras vlas acuaticas. Seg^^dad de Sus Vehi'culos y Garaje Perlodlcamente revise su vehiculo para ver que no tenga fugas y mant^ngalo aflnado. El usar un sistema de transporte publico o usar su blclcleta ayuda a reducir los contaminantes en nuestras calles. Nunca vierta productos quimicos u otras substancias peligrosas de los vehiculos por los desagijes pluviales, en el suelo, nl en los estaclonamlentos o entradas de garaje. Al cambiar los fluldos de su vehiculo, drenelos en un reclplente limpio y ci^rrelo completamente Lleve el aceite y el flltro del aceite a un sitlo de recoleccldn de aceite. Sl derrama algun fluldo. use trapos o arena sin usar en donde van al bai^o los gatos (kitty litter) Inmediatamente para contenerio. Tire la arena y los trapos contaminados en un sitlo de recoleccl6n de desechos peligrosos. Si usted lava su vehiculo, use una manguera con boquilla de cierre para el agua y use poco detergente y agua, Informacidn del Programa de Materiales Peligrosos Dornesticos de la Ciudad de San Dlego;(619) 235-2111 • Fechas y sitios para la recoleccl6n de desechos domestlcos peligrosos • Sitios para el reciclaje de aceite automotor • Informacidn respecto al uso y almacenamiento adecuado de productos domestlcos de llmpleza y sus sustltutos Centro de Contro] de Envenenamlentos' (800) 876-4766 (llame al 911 en caso de una emergencia) www.Thinkbluesd.org El programa THINK BLUE de la Ciudad de San Dlego desea agradecer a los siguientes patroclnadores por su apoyo tan generoso al programa THINK BLUE; San Diego Port District Caltrans www.portofundi^go.org fi(i InlomtMn sittrt dlsponlblt tn formtto, ilfrmttmj tl sollcltMrlo. O Iwprcso en ptpel nclcUdo. TP.171 II I/OI) Cuando llueve 0 cuando el agua corre de nuestros jardines, fluye directamente a los desaoues pluviales, Probablemente ha visto estos desagues pluviales en las caHes do San Ciiego.Muchas personas piensan que todo lo que Huye a lordSgaSs DIUV^^^^^^ "R^ren'un"^^^^^^^^ romvmdos Tod^^^^ H ^^^^argo, estos dos sistemas en realidacfno estdn nues^ s ?fachue^o? l.ht/ll ^e^ague pluvial va directamente y sin tratamiento a nuL^Li os riacnuelos, bahias, Iagunas y finalmente a mar, El agua de escurrimipntn ^ -"n fido? H P^^^^^id.^^i fertilizante/, desechos de mascotas^bLura aceSe^^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^nlilf'^^T^^'^' ''^''^ como productos quimicos ^ dornesticos, Algunos de estos contaminantes emran a los aesagues pluviales no intencionalmente, pero muchos de ellos son tirados sin ErohfbP t'Jr h " los desSgues pluviales. La Ley de AgSIs Umpias prohibe tirar basura y productos contaminantes a los riachuelos, bahias lagos y mares. vScl?'"°?^"°^ contaminantes tienen efectos daninos para las ^reas de recreo Dieao han r.'niL'n''" f'^^^''^'/^ P'^^^^ populares de San Ios ILaQerr^luv^.i^f ser cerradas debido a los contaminantes provenientes d HIC J .P, ^^^^^^^ ^e cuentas, la contaminacion que proviene de los pia ?a^dive?S;'i?rn°r?r?''" ' dependemol de'las^^s acuS cas para la aiversion asi como para atraer al tur smo a San Diego Si oodemos orevpnir que la contaminacion ocurra en nuestros hogares, vecindarls y n^gocSf oKn^^^^ famlfias, ' '"^'^^^"^^ ^ saludTsl|u?ifad de nuelS^^^ Listed y su familia juegan un papel importante para evitar la contaminaci6n •?igunlfcSns%!o^''f'^ desagues pluv^iales, Esfe folleto le proporcSna algunos consejos faciles y econbmicos para evitar que las substancias .^whnfr! T^"" ' los desagues pluviales, Si todo,s\^fectuamos P.,?in nf °^ sencillos, podemos ayudar a proteger nuestro esLilo de vida y nuestro med^io ambiente en San Diego, Think •blue significa el evitar la contaminacion antes de que lleeue a nuestras vias acuaticas. ' ^ Caltrans www.portof5»ndi«go.org .vvvvv.Thlnkbluesd.org Be a Clean Storm water pollution is a problem that affects all of us. With a growing population of more than 1,2 million residents and approximately 237 sc)uare miles of urbanized development, keep- ing our waters clean from pollutants has become increasingly difficult. With more tfian 39,000 storm drain structures, and over 900 miles of storm drain pipes and cfiannels to clean and maintain, we need your help. When it rains, water flows over our streets and yards and carries the pollutants it pici<s" iip into the storm drains. The problern is that storm drains are not connected to the wastewater treatment plant, SO, what's in the streets flows directly into our creeks, lakes, rivers and the ocean, unfreated. Last year, too many of our beaches and bays were closed or posted as,urvsafe for swimming. As our Mayor has saitf. "ifitVis more than an inconve- nience; it is a tiyfcernbanrassment." But. as a C3ty);esfcteAt, you can make a difference By t>ecomirig a Gi&an VVater leader, both on the job and in ^Hjr <^Tvmunity. you can help make our beaches and bays free of pollution. When you're at home, share your knowledge with neighbors and family. As you drive to work, be avyare of any illegal discharges. And, if you do See ari illegal discharge, report it. In the City of San Diego you can call (619) 235- 1000-Ofj if you see an illegal discharge outside of the Ciiy of San C^go. you can call the regional hotfflie at t-«88-TiHiRK-BLue. By working together (ference. Wfiether at home or at work, by adopting some simple Best Management Practices (BMPs). you can stop pollutants from being generated and enter- ing our storm drain system, - Use dry cleih-up mettiods for spills ana outdoor cleaning. Vacuum, sweep, and use rags or dry absorbants. - Properly label, store and dispose of hazardous wastes. - Itake. sweep-up. and place all debris (dust, litter, sediment etc.) Irom your yard or near your property into a trash can. • Use a mop where water is needed. As you perform your daity activities be proac- tive. Assess the activity from a stormwater pol- lution point-of view and ask yourself; "does this activity, directly or indirectly, generate pollu- tion?" And, "how can I get the job done and pre- vent debris from entering into the storm drain collection system?" Here are some gengral guidelines you can use at home or on the job: The 3 Cs Lrontain: isolate your work area, to prevent any potential flow or discharge from leaving the area. Control: Locate the nearest storm drain(s) and take measures to ensure nothing will enter or discharge into them. This may require you to sweep-up arrd place debris & Sedi- ment in a trash can prior to beginning the work activity. 'SptUre: Onceyou have completed ajob, be sure to clean-up the area. If there is sediment, sweep it up. If there are liquids, ab- sorb it or vacuum it up with a wet-vac. Remember, what you leave behind can potentially be discharged into the storm drain. Sea iider del programa de limpia La contaminacion de las aguas pluviales es un problema que nos afecta a todos. Con una poblaciOn creciente de mAs de r200,000 residentes y aproximadamente 237 millas cuadradas (610 kmO de zonas urbanizadas, mantener nuestras aguas libres de contaminantes se vuelve cada vez mts dif IcW. Con mds de 39,000 colectores de aguas pluviales y mas de 900 millas (1,450 km) de canales y tuberlas que mantener para el desague de aguas pluviales. necesitamos su ayuda. Cuando llueve. el agua fluye por nuestras cades y patios y deposita en ios colectores de aQ^igluMales los contaminantes que arrastra. El problema Siqiue los colectores <fe agu^'lt>1|uWales'n"G^ conecta<3oS a la planta detrat'iifijSitp tie iiigua^ifesiduales. Per !o tanto. todo lo que se encuentre'tira'do en las calles fluye directamente a nuestros arroyos, ta^bs, rfos y al mar, s;n redbir tratamiento atguno. Muchas de nuestras playas y bahias fu eron ^'J.^^^^^P.^^ colocaron letreros ^adar en ellas, Como ^&^les han dicho, "Esto es ^^^Vierguenza civica". l^^^^^pi«iudad, usted puede I^^^^Snzosa situaciCn. Al ^^^j^^pa^a limpia. tanto en el trabajo cbrnff fen^^coffiunidad. podra contribuir a librar nuestras playas y bahfas de la contaminacion. En casa. comparta sus conocimientos con vecinos y familiares. Camino al trabajo, est6 pendiente de •de^^gas llegales de agua. Si ve una descarga ilfcita, <16 {jaj^6'J>,i|aSiautondades correspondienles. clausuradas el advirtiendo el; nuestras autofi mas que^uud md' Pero, como* ayudar a .<,<if sumarse alB 'i'i'.t.. En la cm6 jS. S_an Oiego, puede llamar al I O, sl se da cuenta de alguna descarga ilbgal fuSl^g_^^|ad de San Oiego, llame a la linea rdjrgcta rgglbfllr^'^e.THINK-BlUE (l -888-844-6525). para maj^eyj orrnes. visile la pagina en Internet '•Si*! Tanto en el hogar como en el trabajo, usted puede impedir la generacion de contaminantes y su descarga al drenaje de aguas pluviales, S6lo tiene que poner en practica las sencillas medidas setialadas a continuaciOn: • Para limpiar derrames y areas exteriores, utilice aspiradora. escoba. trapos u otros materiales absorbentes secos. • Identiftque claramente con etiquetas los desperdicios nocivos y almacenelos o des^helos correctamente. • Con un rastrillo o escoba. recoja todos Ios desechos (polvos. basura. sedimentos. etc.) que se encuentren en su patio o cerca de su casa o ediricio y depositelos en un bote de basura. • Use un trapeador cuando se requiera el uso de agua para limpiar. Realice sus actividades cotidianas con conciencia ecolOgica. Vea las cosas desde el punto de vista de la posible contaminacion de las aguas pluVTaies. Preguntese. "Directa o indirectamente, |'§^^a esta actividad contaminacion? ' Y, "iCOmo puedo r^fM^^a tarea de manera que evite la descarga de jiia|pef dicios^l sistema de captaciOn de aguasfpib^^^?- Las siguientes son algunas recomendaci(one^^^Faies que puede aplicar en casa o on el trabajo- ^^Sy?* Las tres G C ontenga: Afsiesu ^r;ga. de.,^ trabajo para imfi^^ que cualquier flujo —^3 5yj]g3 (Jgl area. Controle: ioca(.ce-.;\o^ las coladeras para ' ~" ^ pluviales mas ce^ haga lo necesaia#; impedir que se des en ellas mat enas ex Para ello. podi;F?S necesario barrer y c6\Q^^ la basura y sedimentos en un bote de basura I ajqtes de comenzar sus acH^tlades de trabajo. '~- apte: Una vez terminado un trabajo, no se olvide de iimpiar bien el lugar. Si quedO algun sedimento, barralo. Si quedan llquidos, aiisoirbaros o asprrelos con una aspiradora para llquidos, f^culifl,^ que fo que deje en el suelo podria acabar -deseargllii^ose ati tubefia para aguas pluviales. Impervious Surfaces: Cleaning Sidewalks, Pavements, Patios, Parking Lots & Driveways When it rains or when water flows out of yards or over pavement, it flows directly into storm drains. Many people mistakenly believe this water gets 'cleaned' before reaching waterways I he sewer system and the sform water conveyance system (drains, inlets and catch basins) " are separate; they are not connected. Sewer water gets treated, but everything that washes into the storm dram goes untreated directly into our rivers, creeks, bays and ocean This causes beach closures and postings due to contamination. Releasing pollulants into the storm water conveyance system is a violation of the City Municipal Code (43.0301), We all like clean public areas, but High Pressure Washing and Hosing Down of sidewalks not on y contnbutes to ocean pollution, but wastes one of our mosl valuable resources - Water Ifs not the water that s a problem. It's the pollutants it picks-up off of surfaces that are. Inlhi^ity of San Dtego. High Pressure Washing or Hosing Down surfaces in the public right-of-way will only be allowed when the following Storm Water Best Management Practices are used: Before beginning to wash impervious surfaces, sweep and pick up the debris or trash in the area being washed, and in the curbside between the activity and downstream stomi drain in!et(s). Properiy dispose of the debris. Storm drain inlet(s) must be protected from the wafer flow and the pollutants it carries Locate he nearest downslream storm drain inlet before beginning work. Cover (he inlet with fabnc cloth and weigh it down with gravel bags. The debris caught in the fabric doth can then ue thrown in the trash. Hosing pavement in a parking lot and letting it leave the site is not allowed Water used to clean gas stafions, automotive repair, driveway, street or any surface where motor vehicles are parked or driven must be recaptured (wet-vacuumed or mopped) and properly disposed of. Sweep-up and properly dispose of all sediments that accumulate as a result of the activity. Disinfectants solvents, and ofher household chemicals used to aid in the cleaning process must be recaptured (mopped up or wet vacuumed) before hosing down. Dry cleari up methods (vacuum, sweep, and absorbents) are recommended for spills and outdoor cleaning. Where water is needed, use a mop. ff hosing down is desired, follow the Best Management Practices listed above. Dispose of mop water into the sanitary sewer system. That means down the sink drain not the storm drain. High pressure washing or hosing of private property must be contained, recaptured and properiy disposed. Direct the water into planters, don't allow it to wash into the storm drain inlet. Other fact Sheets that may pertain to your activities: Be A Clean Water Leader Control Contam & Capture, Spills: Dumpsters, and Restaurants. Adopt these behaviors and help Clean up our beaches and bays. Think Blue San Dieqo For more information, cafl (619) 235-1000, or log on to: www.thinkbluesd^ ,03/05/02) ' Car Washing When it rains or when water flows out of yards or over pavement, it flows directly into storm drains. Many people mistakenly believe this water gels 'cleaned" before reaching waterways. The sewer system and the storm water conveyance systems (drains, inlets, and catch basins) are separate; they are riot connected. Sewer water gets treated, but everything lhat washes into the storm waler conveyance system goes untreated directly into our rivers, creeks, bays and ocean. This causes beach closures and postings due to contamination. Releasing pollutants into the slorm water collection system is a violation of the City Municipal Code, (43.0301). Whether you are at home, work, or play, there are ways that residents and businesses alike can Think Blue' and prevent pollutants from reaching our waterways. Most of us don't think of our car as a source of beach pollution- but it is. The reality is vehicles are a necessity today, and we don'l have a lot of choice about that. However, we can be more environmentally responsible and choose the method(s) of caring for and washing our vehicles in an ocean friendly way. Car washing is a pollution problem because many metals and automotive fluids are washed off with the soapy water, travel down the gutter collecting more streel pollutants, then enter our storm water conveyance system and spill into our waterways and bays, Residential/Non-Commercial Vehicles: The Municipal Code allows for the washing of residential vehk;les for non-commercial purposes. While washing of your vehicle is alk)wed, washing-off pollutants from your vehicle such as paint, oils, sediment, debris and such like pollutant(s) is iHegal. This is why we encourage that you wash your personal vehicle without creating runoff. When washing is done al home, pollution can be minimized by washing the vehicle on the lawn or over a landscaped area lo absoria the liquid and limit runoff from your property. Or, limil runoff by using a bucket and rag to wash your car and a control nozzle on your hose to rinse the car. By actively reducing the amount of water used you are not only protecting our ocean, but helping to conserve water and reducing your water bill. Charity Washes: may be conducted as long as they are staged in a manner which avoids or minimizes the discharge of pollutants- soap, sediment, water that may be contaminated from automotive fluids and residues. Start by locating all storm drain inlets on, near or downstream of the wash site and sweeping up all sedimenl and debris in the area prior to washing the vehicles. On the day of the event, place sandbags or other bkx:king devices in front of the inlets to prevent wash water from entering the slorm drain conveyance system. Any remaining standing wash water is to be swept or wet-vacuumed into a landscaped area or into the sanitary sewer system. We recommend the site and inlets be swept at the end of the wash event. Illegal Washing Activities: Car dealerships, auto detailers. rental agencies and other automotive related businesses that wash vehicles for commercial purposes must prevent the dirty water from entering the storm water conveyance system. All washing activity for commercial purposes must control, contain and capture the wash water before it leaves the site and/or enters a sform drain or a conveyance system. Failure to do so is illegal. Washing of all vehicles (residential and commercial) that carry items or substances lhat have a potential to discharge the following pollutants: paint, oils, sediment, yard waste, consiruction debris, chemicals, hazardous wastes and other pollutants—is illegal. Adopt these behaviors and help Clean up our beaches and bays. Think Blue, San Diego, For more information, call (619) 235-1000, or log on to: www,thinkbluesd.orq (03/05/02) Automotive Fluids When it rains or wrhen water flows out of yards or over pavement, it flows direcUy into storm drains. Many people mistakenly believe this water gels "cleaned" before reaching waterways. The sewer system and the storm water conveyance systems (drains, inlets, and calch basins) are separate; they are not connecled. Sewer water gets treated, but everything lhat washes into the storm water conveyance sysiem goes untreated directly into our rivers, creeks, bays and ocean. This causes beach ckasures and postings due to contamination. Releasing pollutants into the storm water collection system is a violation of the Cily Municipal Code, (43.0301). Whether you are al home, work, or play there are ways lhat residents and businesses alike can "Think Blue" and prevent pollulanis from reaching our waterways. Mosf of us don't think of our car as a source of beach pollution- but it is. The reality is vehicles are a necessity today, and we don'l have a lot of chokie about that However, we can be more environmentally responsible and choose the method(s) of caring for and repairing our vehides in a more ocean friendly way. Many automotive fluids - Motor Oil. Anti-Freeze, Transmission Fiuids, De-Greasers, Solvents and the like are hazardous wastes. They are hazardous to you and me and toxic to our environment No one wants to swim in them. So. make sure lo prevent them from entering our slorm water conveyance sysiem. Automotive Maintenance and Repair: When making repairs or performing minor maintenance on your vehicle, make sure you have protected the sidewalk, curb, streel and gutter from repair fluids before beginning work. Identify the nearest storm drain and lake steps to protecl it from the fluids. When changing fluids, collect the substance and other automotive materials in seal able containers. Mark the containers. Never mix different substances in one container. Store the containers in a secure location oul of reach of children, animals and out of contact with water. Where to Take the Pollutants: Motor oil. Oil fillers, anti-freeze and non-leaking auto batteries are accepted al the City of San Diego Used Oil and Filters Collection Events. Call (619) 235-2105 for evenl informabon. For other automotive fluids such as transmission and brake fluids, de-greasers, solvents and the like, call the City's Household Hazardous Materials Program (619) 235-2111, to make an appointment to drop-off the pollutants. Leaking Vehicles: If your vehicle is leaking fluids, please make repairs as soon as possible. A short-tenn. immediaie solulion is lo put an oil drip pan with absodaent materials under your vehicle wherever it is parked (work, home and other destinations). Until the repair is made, you must capture the leak and prevent fiuids from reaching Ihe streel or gutter v/here it can be carried into the storm drain conveyance system and into our waterways and beaches. Other Fact sheets that may pertain to your activities: Cleaning Impervious Surfaces (High Pressure Washing): Be A Clean Water Leader: Control, Contain & Capture; Spills; and Car Washing. Adopt these behaviors and help Clean up our beaches and bays. Think Blue, San Diego, For more information, call (619) 235-1000, or log on to: www.thinkbluesd.orq (03/05/02) 3gC J >_>1 J Search Hi Beach & Bay Water Quality Conlact Us Contaminated Property Current Events DEH Goals Educational Materials Flies, Mosquitos, & Rats Forms & Applications Frequently Asked Questions Hazardous Materials Housing Inspections & Permits bs in DEH indfills Project Clean Water Public Records Public Swimming Pools Radiation Safety Restaurants & Markets Septic Systems Spills & Releases Stormwater Toxic Waste Underground Storage Tanks Water Wells Water Quality Program RESIDENTIAL BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES Is Stormwater from my home polluted? Several activities that you do at your home have the potential to pollute runoff. Potential pollutants from homes include oil, grease and other petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, litter and debris, animal wastes, solvents, paint and masonry wastes, detergents and other cleaning solutions, and pesticides and fertilizers. How you manage your home impacts the ocean, even ifyou live several miles from the beach. Everything that exits your property will eventually run into the ocean. The sources of residential pollutants include household toxics, litter and debris, and runoff from car washing, pool and spa care, lawn maintenance and on-site dornestic sewage treatment systems. It is very important to properly manage and dispose of household toxics to keep your family safe and to prevent pollutants to runoff. Did you know that oil and grease from automotive maintenance; paint, masonry and cleaning wastes from home repairs and maintenance; pesticides and fertilizers from garden care are all considered household toxics? Oil and grease wastes from leaking car engines and maintenance and repair activities may contain a wide variety of toxic hydrocarbon compounds and metals at varying concentrations, and that exposure may be toxic to aquatic plants and organisms. Other wastes may be poured Into storm drains or pollute runoff from maintenance activities conducted by homeowners, including paint and masonry wastes, solvents, detergents from car wash activities, residues from carpet cleaning and pool and spa care. CaH the Household Toxics Hotline, for free disposal options available in your area. Residents in the unincorporated areas may call 1(877) R-l Earth or 1(877) 713-2784. From all other dties call 1(800) Clean Up. Household Toxics Improper disposal of household toxics into stormwater rile://T;\Water%20Resources\Waler%20Quality\_Pro|ecls\2236-La%20Mesa%20Autocourt\County%20o„, 2/21/2003 raije z ui j Pesticides and Fertilizers can endanger aquatic habitat. For example, using excessive amounts of pesticides and fertilizers during landscape maintenance can contribute nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and toxic organic substances, such as organophosphates and carbamates, into stormwater. Toxic materials can damage aquatic life and nutrients can result in excessive algae growth in waterways, leading to cloudiness and a reduced level of dissolved oxygen available to aquatic life. And unionized ammonia (nitrogen form) can kill fish. Utter and Debris Beach Closure sign It is also important to properly disposal of litter and debris, induding cigarette butts and green waste (leaves and grass clippings from landscape maintenance activities). Decaying organic matter reduces the amount of dissolved oxygen available to aquatic life. Litter and debris can plug up storm drains and reduce the aesthetic quality of the receiving waters Human pathogens Human pathogens (bacteria, parasites and viruses) can also pollute run off! Common sources of human pathogens are improperiy managed pet wastes and on- site domestic sewage treatment systems. High levels of coliform bacteria in stormwater, which are used as an indicator of fecal contamination and the potential presence of pathogens, may eventually contaminate waterways and lead to beach dosures. Decomposition of pet wastes discharged to receiving waters also demand a high level of oxygen, which reduces the amount of dissolved oxygen available to aquatic life. You can help control runoff pollution by doing the following: • Do not dispose of liquids or other materials to the storm drain system . Report illegal dumping of any substance (liquids, trash, household toxics) to the County's toll free, 24-hour hotline 1-888-846-0800 . Utilize the County Household Toxics Program for disposal of household toxics Residents in the unincorporated areas may call 1(877) R-l Earth or 1 (877) 713-2784. From all other cities call 1(800) Clean Up. • Keep lawn clippings and other landscaping waste out of gutters and streets by placing it with trash for collection or by composting it • Clean up and properly dispose of pet waste. It is best to flush pet waste Altematives to flushing are placing into trash or burying it in your yard fat least 3-ft deep). r r t L • Observe parking restriction for street sweeping. • Wash automobiles at car washes or on pervious surt^aces (lawns) to keep wash water out of the storm drain system. . Avoid excessive or improper use or disposal of fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, cleaning solutions, and automotive and paint'products . Use biodegradable, non-toxic, and less toxic alternative products to the extent possible. • Cover garbage containers and keep them in good repair. • Sweep sidewalks instead of hosing down. • Water lawn properly to reduce runoff. rile:/Ar:\WaterVo20Resources\Water%20QualityLPro,ects\2236-La%20Mesa%20Autocoun\County%20o. 2/21/2003 County ol San Uiego - Water (Quality Program - KtSlUtiN l lAX hJt;^ i IVIAJN AOJi^atJN i f KA<„ i i(^n:> rage\) or j> If you have questions or would like additional information, call the County Stormwater hotline at (619) 338-2048 or toll-free 1(888) 846-0800. Comments/Suggestions? s^wdutyeh@sdtoun Visit ScTi Oiega j Dcing Business \ Oepartmenls ^ Ssrvkss Afo2 j On-Un riIe://T:\WaIer%20Resources\Waler%20Qua!ity\_Proiects\2236-La%20Mesa%20Autocourt\County7c20o,,. 2/21/2003 Integrated Pest Management Principles pEST |SJOTE3 January 2003 Publ, Publ, ; Tille Dale * Pgs. Annual Bluegrass 9/99 Anthracnose rev 8/99 Anls rev. ll/OO Aphids rev. 5/00 Apple Scab rev. 8/01 Bark Beelles rev. 6/00 Bed Bugs rev. 9/02 Bee and Wasp Stings 2/98 Bermudagrass rev. 9/02 Bordeaux Mixture 11/00 Brown Recluse and Other Recluse Spiders .1/00 Califomia Grourid Squirrel _ rev. i/02 Califomia Oakworm rev. 6/00 Carpenter Ants rev. 11/00 Caqjenter Bees ,.- rev 1/00 Carpentervvorm 1/03 Carpet Beetles rev, 4/01 Cleanving Moths 6/00 Cliff Swallows 11/00 Qothes Moths rev. 12/00 Covers _ _ ,11/01 Cockroaches 11/99 Codling Moth rev. 11/99 Common Knotweed 12/00 Common Purslane 8/99 Conenose Bugs rev. 11 / 02 Cottony Cushion Scale rev, 3/00 Crabgrass rev 9/02 ^Creeping WoodsoriTel and Bermuda Buttercup rev. 1/02 Dailisgrass 11/01 Dandelions 1/00 Delusory Parasitosis rev. 11/97 Dodder 1/02 Dry wood Termites rev. 9/02 Eanvigs 9/02 Elm Leaf Beetle rev. U/Ol Eucalyptus Longhomed Borers rev 1/00 Eucalyplus Redgum LerpFsyllid rev. 1/03 Eucalyplus Tortoise Beetle 1/03 Field Bindweed 9/99 FireBlight rev 11/99 Fleas rev 11/00 Flies 2/99 Fruittree Leafroller on Omamental and Fruit Trees 3/00 7473 3 Fungus Gnats, Shore Flies, Moth Flies, and March Flies rev. 8/01 7448 Giant Whitefly 1 /02 7400 Glassy-ivinged Sharpshooter 11/01 7492 Grasshoppers 9/02 74103 Green Kyllinga 2/99 7459 Head Lire rev, 8 / 01 7446 Hobo Spider 4/01 7488 Hoplia Beetle 9/02 7499 Florsehair Worms 3/00 7471 7464 7420 7411 7404 7413 7421 7454 7449 7453 7481 7468 7438 7422 7416 7417 74105 7436 7477 7482 7435 7490 7467 7412 7484 7461 7455 7410 7456 7444 7491 7469 7443 7496 7440 74102 7403 7425 7460 74104 7462 7414 7419 7457 3 3 4 4 3 4 2 3 4 3 4 5 4 2 2 4 4 6 4 3 3 6 4 2 3 3 3 4 4 3 3 2 4 6 2 6 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Pnbl Publ. TiUe Date HouseMouse 11/00 Kikuyugrass 2/99 Lace Bugs rev. 12/00 Lawn Diseases: Prevention and Management,,,,] /02 Lawn Insects rev. 5/01 Leaf Curi rev. 12/00 Lyme Disease in Califomia 12/00 Millipedes and Centipedes 3/00 Mistletoe rev, 8/01 Mosquitoes 2/98 Mushrooms and (Dther Nuisance Fungi in Lawns 9/02 Nematodes 8/01 Nutsedge re v. 8/99 Oak Pil Scales 3/00 Oleander Leaf Scorch „ ,7/(X) Pantry Pests rev, 9/02 Plantains 6/00 Pocket Gophers rev. 1/02 Poison Oak rev, 5/01 Powdery Mildew on Fruits and Berries 11/01 Powdery Mildew on Ornamentals 11 /Ol Powdery Mildew on Vegetables rev. 11/01 Psyllids rev. 5/01 Rabbits rev. 1/02 Rals 1/03 Redhumped Caterpillar 3/00 Red Imported Fire Ant _ 4/01 Roses in the Garden and Landscape: Cultural Practices and Weed Control .9/99 7465 4 Roses in the Garden and Landscape: Diseases and Abiotic Disorders 9/99 7463 3 Roses in the Garden and Landscape: Insect and Mite Pests and Beneficials 9/99 7466 Russian Thistle 12/00 7486 Scales rev, 4/01 7408 Sequoia Pitch Moth 6/00 7479 Silverfish and Firebrats 3/00 7475 Snails and Slugs.„ rev. 8 / 99 7427 Spider Mites rev. 12/00 7405 Spiders _ _ rev. 5/00 7442 Spotted Spurge ,.. rev 1 /02 7445 Sudden Oak Death in California 4/02 7498 Sycamore Scale .. . rev. 12/(X) 7409 Temiites rev, 5/01 7415 Thrips rev, 5/01 7429 Voles (Meadow Mice) rev. 1 /02 7439 Walnut Husk Hy rev. 12/00 7430 Weed Management in Landscapes rev. 8/01 7441 Whiteflies rev. 9/02 7401 Wild Blackbemes rev. 4/02 7434 Windscorpion 11/01 7495 W(X)d-boring Beetles in Homes rev, 11/00 7415 Wood Wasp^s and Homtails _ rev, 12/00 7407 Yellowjackets and Other Social Wasps rev, 8/ 01 7450 Yellow Starthistle rev. 2/99 7402 7483 7458 7425 7497 7476 7426 7485 7472 7437 7451 74100 7489 7432 7470 7480 7452 7478 7433 7431 7494 7493 7406 7423 7447 74106 7474 7487 4 3 2 8 6 2 3 3 3 3 4 5 4 2 3 4 3 4 4 5 4 3 6 5 8 2 3 4 3 5 4 4 3 3 4 4 5 2 6 6 4 2 6 4 4 1 3 2 4 4 UC^'IPM PDFs and illustrated ver sions of Iheso Pesl Notes are available at htlp://ww>v.ipm.urdavis.edu/PMG/seIeclnewpes« home.hlml For other ANR publications, go to http://anrralalog ucdavis.edu UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES YELLOWJACKETS AND OTHER So CML WASPS Integrated Pest Management in and around the Home Only a few of Ihe very large number of wasp species in Califomia live a social life; these sf>ecies are referred lo as social wasffs. Some social wasps are predators for most or all of lhe year and provide a great benefit by killing large numbers of planl-feeding insecls and nuisance flies; olhers are exclu- sively scavengers. Wasps tiecome a problem only when they threaten to sting humans. One of the most trouble^ some of the social wasps is the yellow- jacket. Yellowjackets, especially ground- and cavity-nesting ones such as the western yellowjacket (Fig, 1), lend to defend their nests vigorously when disturbed. Defensive tiehavior increases as the season progresses and colony populations become larger while food becomes scarcer In fail, foraging yellowjackets are primarily scavengers and lhey starl to show up at picnics, bartiecues, around garbage cans, at dishes of dog or cal food placed outside, and where ripe or over- ripe fmit are accessible. At certain times and places, the number of scav- enger wasps can be quite large. IDENTIFICATION AND LIFE CYCLE In western states there are two distinct typ>es of social wasps: yellowjackets and paper wasps. Yellovifjackefs are by far the most troublesome group. Paper wasps are much less defensive and rarely sting humans. They tend to shy away from human activity except when iheir nests are located near doors, windows, or other high traffic areas. Nests of both yellowjacket and paper wasps Ivpicaliy are begun in spring by a single queen who overwinters and becomes aclive when the weather warms. She emerges in late winter/ early spring to feed and starl a new nest. From spring lo midsummer nests are in the growlh phase, and the larvae require large amounts of protein. Workers forage mainly for protein at this time (usually in the form of other insects) and for some sugars. By lale summer, however, the colonies grow more slowly or cease growlh and re- quire large amounls of sugar lo main- tain the queen and workers So foraging wasps are particularly inter- ested in sweet things at this time Normally, yellowjacket and paper wasp colonies only live one season. In very mild winters or in coastal Califor- nia soulh of San Francisco, however, some yellowjacket colonies survive for several years and become quite large. Yelloivjackets The term yellowjacket refers lo a num- ber of different spedes of wasps in the genera Vespula and Dotichovespula (family Vespidae). Included in this group of ground-nesting species are the western yellowjacket, Vespula pertsylvanica, which is the most com- monly encountered species and is sometimes called the "meat t>ee," and seven other species of Vespula. Vespula vulgaris is common in rotted tree stumps al higher elevations and V germanica (the German yellowjacket) is becoming more common in many ur- ban areas of California, where it fre- quently nests in houses These wasps tend lo be medium sized and black with jagged bands of bright yellow (or white in the case of tfie aerial-nesting Figure 1. Western yellowjacket. Dotichovespula I=Vespulal maculata) on lhe abdomen, and have a very short, narrow waisl (the area where the tho- rax attaches to the abdomen). Nesls are commonly built in rodent burrows, but olher protected cavities, like voids in walls and ceilings of houses, sometimes are selected as nest- ing sites. Colonies, which are begun each spring by a single reproductive female, can reach populations of be- tween 1,500 and 15,000 individuals, depending on the species. The wasps build a nest of paper made from fibers scraped from wood mixed wilh saliva. It is built as multiple tiers of vertical cells, similar lo nests of paper wasps, but enclosed by a paper envelope around the outside that usually con- tains a single entrance hole (Fig. 2). If the rodeni hole is nol spacious enough, yellowjackets will increase the size by moistening the soil and dig- ging. Similar tiehavior inside a house N Publication 7450 University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Revised August 2001 August 2001 Yellowjackets and Other Social Wasps Figure 2. Yellowjacket nest in spring (top), summer (cenier), and early fall (botlom), sometimes leads lo a wet patch lhat develops into a hole in a wall or ceiling. Immature yellowjackets are white, grublike larvae that become white pu- pae. The pupae develop adult coloring just before lhey emerge as adult wasps Immatures are not normallv seen un- less the nesl is torn opien or a sudden loss of adult caretakers leads to an exodus of starving larvae. Aerial-nesting yellowjackets, Doticho- vespula arenaria and D. maculata, build paper nests that are attached to the eaves of a building or are hanging from the limb of a Iree, The entrance is nor- mally a hole at the bottom of the nest These aerial nesters do nol become scavengers af the end of lhe season, but they are extremely defensive when their nests are disturbed Defending D. arenaria sometimes bite and/or Sling, simultaneously. Wasp stingers have no barbs and can be used repeatedly, es- pecially when the wasp gets inside clclhmg As wilh any stinging incident, it is best to leave the area of the nesl site as quickly as possible if wasps start stmgmg. Paper Wasps Paper wasps such as Polistes fuscalus aurifer, P. apachus. and P. dominulus are large (1 inch long), slender wasps wilh long legs and a distinct, slender waist (Fig, 3). Background colors vary, bul most westem species tend lo be golden brown, or darker, with large patches of yellow or red. Preferring lo live in or near orchards or vineyards, they hang their paper nests in protected areas, such as under eaves, in attics, or under tree brandies or vines. Each nesl hangs like an open umbrella from a pedicel (stalk) and has open cells that can be seen from t>eneath lhe nest (Fig 4), White, legless, grubfike larvae some- times can be seen from below. Paper wasp nesls rarely exceed the size of an outstretched hand and populations vary between 15 to 200 individuals. Most species are relatively unaggres- sive, but Ihey can be a problem when they nest over doorways or in other areas of human activity, such as fruil trees Mud Daubers Mud daubers are black and yellow, ihread-waisted, solitary wasps that build a hard mud nest, usually on ceil- ings and walls, attended by a single female wasp. They belong to the family Sphecidae and are not social wasps bul may be confused wilh them. They do not defend their nests and rarely sting. During winter, you can safely remove Ihe nesls without spraying, INJURY OR DAMAGE Concern about yellowjackets is based on their persistent, pugnacious behav- ior around food sources and their ag- gressive colony defense. Slinging behavior is usually encountered at nesting sites, but scavenging yellowjackets sometimes wil) sting if someone tries to swat ihem away from a potential food source. When scaveng- ing at picnics or olher ouldoor meals. Figure 3. Paper wasp. Figure 4. Paper wasp nesl. wasps will crawl into soda cans and cause stings on (lie lips, or inside the mouth or throat. Responses lo wasp slings vary from only short-lerm, intense sensations to sutistantial swelling and tenderness, some itching, or life-threatening aller- gic responses. Ail these reactions are discussed in detail in Pest Notes: Bet and Wasp Slings (see "References"), Of specific concem is a condition that results from multiple-sting encounters, sometimes unfamiliar to attending health professionals, thai is induced by the volume of foreign prolein injected and the tissue damage caused by de- structive enzymes in wasp venom Red blood cells and other tissues in the body become damaged; tissue debris and olher breakdown products are carried to the kidneys, to be eliminated from the body. Too much debris and waste products can cause blockages in the kidneys, resulting in renal insuffi- August 2001 Yellowjackets and Other Social Wasps ciency or renal failure. Patients in this condiiion require medical intervention, even dialysis MANAGEMENT Most social wasps provide an ex- tremely beneficial service by eliminat- ing large numtjers of other pest insects through predation and should t>e pro- tected and encouraged lo nest in areas of litlle human or animal activity. Al- though many animals prey on social wasps (including birds, reptiles, am- phibians, skunks, blears, raccoons, spi- ders, preying mantids, and bald-faced homets), none provides satisfactory biological control in home situations. The best way to prevent unpleasant encounlers with social wasps is to avoid them. If you know where lhey are, Iry not to go near iheir nesting places. Wasps can tiecome very defen- sive when their nesl is disturbed. Be on the lookout for nesls when outdoors. Waspis thai are flying directly in and oul of a single localion are probably flying to and from their nest Scavenging wasps will not usually become a problem if there is no food around to attract ihem. When nuisance wasps are preseni in the outdoor envi- ronmenl, keep foods (including pet food) and drinks covered or inside the house and keep garbage in tightly sealed garbage cans. Cfnce food is dis- covered by wasps, they will continue lo hunt around lhal location long after the source has been removed. If wasp nests must be eliminated, it is easiest and safest to call (or profes- sional help. In some areas of Califomia, personnel from a local Mosquito and Vector Control District may be avail- able lo remove nesls. To determine if Ihis service is available in your area, call lhe Califomia Mosquito and Vector Conlrol Association af (916) 440-0826. If a rapid solulion to a severe yellow- jacket problem is essential, seek the assislance of a professional pest control operalor who can use microencapsu- lated baits lo conlrol these pests Do- it-yourself opiions include Irapping wasps in a baited trap designed for that purpose, early-season removal of nesls, or spraying the nest or nesting site wilh an insecticide labeled for that Trapping Wasps Trapping wasps is an ongoing effort that needs to be initiated in spring and confinued into summer and fall, espe- cially when the yellowjacket popula- tion was large the previous year. In spring there is a 30- to 45-day period when new queens first emerge before they build nests. Trapping queens dur- ing this period has the piolential to provide an overall reduction in the yellowjacket population for the season, and a study is currently underway to test this theory in some Cahfomia Mos- quito and Vector Control districts (see "Online References"), The more traps put out in spring on an area-wide basis to trap queens, the grealer the likeli- hood of reducing nests later in the summer. Usually one trap per acre is adequate in spring for depletion Irap- ping of queens; in fall, more traps may be necessary to trap scavenging wasps, depending on the size of lhe popula- tion. There are two types of wasp Iraps: lure and waler traps. Lure Traps, Lure traps are available for purchase al many retail stores lhat sell pest control supplies and are easiest to use. They work hiest as queen traps in late winter and spring, fn summer and fall ihey may assist in reducing local- ized foraging workers, but they do not eliminate large populations. Lure traps contain a chemical that attracts yellow- jackets into the traps, but common lures such as heptyl butyrate are not equally attractive to all species. Pro- teins such as lunchmeat can be added as an attraclant and are believed lo improve catches. During spring, baited lure traps should have the chemical bail changed every 6 to 8 weeks. In summer, change lhe bail every 2 to 4 weeks; change bait more frequently when temperatures are high Meals musl be replaced more frequently because yellowjackels are not attracted lo rotting meal Also, periodically check the trap to remove trapped yellowjackets and make sure workers are slill attracted to the trap. Water Traps. Water traps are generally homemade and consist of a 5-galIon bucket, string, and protein bait (turkey ham, fish, or liver works well; do not use cat food because it may repel the yellowjackets after a few days). The bucket is filled with soapy water and the protein bait is suspended 1 lo 2 inches above the water, (The use of a wide mesh screen over the bucket wilJ help prevent ofher animals from reach- ing and consuming the bait ) After lhe yellowjacket removes the prolein, il flies down and becomes trapped in the water and drowns. Like the lure trap, these Iraps also work best as queen Iraps in late winter to early spring. In summer and fall they may assist in reducing localized foraging workers but usually not to acceptable levels. Place them away from patio or picnic areas so wasfJS aren't attracted to your food as well. Discouraging or Eliminating Nests Earty in lhe season, knocking down newly started paper wasp nests will simply cause the founding female to go elsewhere lo start again or lo join a neightioring nest as a worker. As there is little activity around wasp nests when they are first starting, they are very hard to find. Wasps are more likely lo be noticed later after nests and populalions grow. Nest removal for controlling subterranean or cavity- dwelJing yellowjackets is not practical because lhe nests are underground or olherwise inaccessible. Nest Sprays Aerosol formulations of insecticides on the market labeled for use on wasp and hornet nests can be effective against both yellowjackels and paper wasps, but they must be used with extreme caution. Wasps will attack applicators when sensing a poison applied to Iheir nests, and even the freeze-type prod- August 2001 Yellowjackets and Other Social Wasps ucls are not guaranteed lo stop all wasps lhaf come flying oul. ll is pru- dent lo wear protective clothing thai covers the whole body, including gloves and a veil over Ihe face. In addi- tion, you need lo wear protective eyewear and other clothing to protecl yourself from pesticide hazards. Wasps are most likely to be in the nest at night. But even afler dark and using formulations that shoot an insecticide stream up lo 20 feet, stinging incidents are likely. Underground nesls can be quite a distance from the visible en- trance and the spray may not get back far enough lo hit the wasps. Partially intoxicated, agitated wasps are likelv to be encountered af some distance from the nesl enlrance, even on the day following an insecticidal treatment. Hiring a pesl conlrol professional will reduce risks to you and your family; in some areas of California, this service may be available through your local Mosquito and Vector Control Disfrict. REFERENCES Akre, R. D,, A. Green, J, F, MacDonald, P, J, Landolt, and H, G, Davis. 1981, The Yellowjackets of America North of Mexico. USDA Agric, Handbook No. 552, 102 pp. Ebeling, W 1975, Urban Entomology. Oakland: Univ Calif. Agric, Nal. Sci. Mussen, E. Feb 1998. Pest Notes: Bee and Wasp Stings. Oakland: Univ, Cabf, Agric, Nat, Res Publ, 7449 Also avail- able online at www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/ PMG/selectnewpesi home.hlml Online References Califomia Mosquito and Vector Control Web site (www,sac-yolomvcd,com) for information on yellowjacket control For more infonnation conlact Itie University of CalKomia Cooperative Extension or agri- cultoral commissioner's office in your coun- ty. See your phone txxik for addresses and phone numbers. AUTHOR E. Mussen EDITOR; B, Otilendorf TECHNICAL EDITOR: M, L, Flint DESIGN AND PRODUCTION: M Brush ILLUSTFMTIONS: Fig. t: CoorlesyofU S, Public Health Service; Fig. 2: A. L, Antonet- S Modiried after Washington State Universi- ty Bulletin EB 0643. Yellowjackets and Paper Wasps. Figs 3 and 4; D KkJd Produced by IPM Educalion and Publica- lions. IK: Statewide IPM Project. University of California. Davis. CA 95616-6620 This Pest Nole is availabte on the World Wide Web (hnp://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu) M n ucK S3 This pubrication has tieen anonymously peer reviewed (or technical accuiacy by University o( Califomia scientists aod other qualiried profes- sionals Tfris review process was managed by Itie ANR Associale Editor kx Pes! Management. To simplify information, trade names of products have tieen used. No endocsemem of named products is intended, nor is criticism implied of similar prodocfs lhal are not mentioned, Tbis mateiial is panially based upon work supported by the Extension Service , U S Department of AqricuNuie. under special projecl Section 3(d). Integrated Pest Management WARHING ON THE USE OF CHEMICALS Pesticides are poisonous. Afways read and careh/My folfow all precaulioos and salety recommendauons grven on the conta»ier label Store all chemicals in the original labeled containers in a locked cabmel or shed awayfromfbodorfeeds, and out of ttie leacft of ChiWren. unauthorized persons pets aod livestock. Confine chemicals lo lhe property being treated. Avoid drift onto neighboring properties especialhr garrtens containing fruits cn vegeUMes ready lo be picked. Do nol place containers containing pesticide in the trash nor pour pesticides down sink or toilet Either use the pesticide according to tfie label or take unwanted pesticides to a Hoosehokl Hazardous Waste CoHecfion site. Contact yoor county agricullural commissioner lor additional infoimation on safe container disposal and for Ihe localkm of the HousefviM Hazardous Waste Collection site nearest you Dispose of empty contamers by followiog label directions. Never reuse or burn Ihe conlainers or dispose of Ihem in such a manner that lhey may contaminale water supplies or natural waterways. The UnmersHy ol Califomia piohibiU discriminalion against or harassment ol any person employed by or seeking emptoyment with the University on the basis of race, cofcx, nalional origin religion sex physical or mental rfisability. medical condHioo (cancer-related or genetic characteristics), ancestry marital stalus age. sexual onentation. citizenship, or status as a covered veteran (special disabled veteran Vietnam-era veteran, or any other veteran who served on aclive duty during a war or in a campaign or expe<W«n for which a campaign badge has been authorized). University policy is intended lo be consislent with Ihe provisions of applicabfe State and Federal laws. Inquiries regarding the Unhrersrty s nondiscriminalion poNcies may be directed to the Affrrmative Action/Stall Personnel Services Director. University of Ca«oinia Agrkrulture and Natural Resources. 300 Lakeside Di,. OatOand. CA 9461Z-3350; (5tO) 987-0096. • 4 • WHITEFLIES Integrated Pest Management for Home Gardeners and Professional Landscapers Whiteflies are liny, sap-sucking insects that are frequently abundant in veg- etable and ornamental plantings. They excrete sticky honeydew and cause yellowing or death of leaves. Out- breaks often occur when the natural biological confrol is disrupted. Man- agemenl is difficult. IDENTIFICATION AND LIFE CYCLE whiteflies usually CKCur in groups on the undersides of leaves. They derive their name from tfie mealy, while wax covering the adult's wings and body. Adults are liny insecls wilh yellowish bodies and whitish wings, Allhough adulls of some species have dislinclive wing markings, many sf>ecies are most readily distinguished in the last nymphal (immature) stage, which is wingless (Table 1) Whiteflies develop rapidly in warm wealher, and populalions can build up quickJy in situations where natural enemies are destroyed and weather is favorable. Most whiteflies, especially the most common pesl species—green- house whitefly {Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and silverleaf or sweet potato whileflies {Bemisia spe- cies)—have a wide host range that includes many weeds and crops. In many parts of Califomia, lhey breed all year, moving from one host to another as plants are harvested or dry up, Whiteflies normally lav their tiny, ob- long eggs on the undersides of leaves. The eggs hatch, and the young while- flies gradually increase in size through four nymphal stages called instars (Fig. I). The first nymphal slage (crawler) is eggs crawler fourth inslar nymph thirt inslar nymph Figuie 1. Greenhouse whitefly life cycle. barely visible even with a hand lens. The crawlers move around for several hours, then settle and remain immo- bile. Later nymphal stages are oval and flattened like small scale insects. The legs and antennae are greatly reduced, and older nymphs do not move. The ivinged adult emerges from the last • nympfial slage (for convenience some- times called a pupa). All stages feed by sucking planl juices from leaves and excreting excess liquid as drops of honeydew as lhey feed. Table 1 lists common whiteflies in Cali- fornia gardens and landscapes. DAMAGE Whileflies suck phloem sap. Large populalions can cause leaves fo fum yellow, appear dry, or fall off plants. Like aphids, whiteflies excrete honey- dew, so leaves may be sticky or cov- ered with black sooty mold. The honeydew attracts ants, which inter- fere with Ihe activities of natural en- emies lhal may control whiteflies and olher pests- Feeding by the immature silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii, can cause plant distortion, discoloration, or sil- vering of leaves and may cause serious • PEST MOTES University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 7401 Revised September 2002 September 2002 Whiteflies Tabic 1, Major Economic Hosts of Some Common Whiteflies, Ash whttefty {Siphoftinus phillyreae) Host plants: many broadleaved trees and shrubs including ash, citrus. Bradford pear and olher flowering Iruit trees, pomegranate, redbud. toyon Characteristics; Fourlh-instar nymphs have a very thick band of wax dovim Ibe back and a fringe of tiny lubes, each wilh a liquid droplet al the end. Adutts are white Bandedwinged wfiitefly (Trialeurodes abutHonea) Host plants: very broad including cotton, cucurbits, olher vegetables Characteristics: Fourlh-instar nymphs have short, waxy filaments around Iheir edges. Adults have brownish bands across the wrings, and their body is gray. Citrus whitefly {Dialeurodes cHri) Host plants: citrus, gardenia, ash, ficus, pomegranate Characteristics: Fourtfvinslar nymphs have no fringe around their edges but have a distinctive Y-shape on their backs. AduBs are white. Crown whitefly {Aleuroplatus coronata) Host plants: oak. chestnut Characteristics: Fourlh-instar nymphs are black with large amounts of white wax arranged in a crownlike patlem. Adults are wtiite Giant whrtefly {Aleurodicus dugesii) Host planis: begonia, hibiscus, giant bird of paradise, orchid tree, banana, mulberry, vegetables, and many ornamentals; currenlly onty in Southern Califomia Characteristics; Adults are up to 0,19 inch king. They leave spirals of wax on leaves. Nymphs have king filaments of wax Ifiat can tie up to 2 inches long and give leaves a bearded appearance. For more information, see Pesf Notes: Giant Whiteffy. lisled in References. Greenhouse whitefly Host plants: very broad including most vegetables and {Trialeurodes vaporariorum) heibaceous ornamentals 11 SS-/V Characteristics: Fourttvinstar nymphs have very long ' waxy filaments and a marginal Iringe. Adulls have white wings and a yeltow surface or substrate. Iris whitefly (Ateyrodes spiraeoides) Host plants: iris, gladiolus, many vegetables, cotton and other herbaceous planis Characteristics: Fourth-instar nymphs have no fringe or waxy filaments bul are kicated near distinctive circles of wax where egg laying look place. Adutts have a dot on each wing and are quite waxy Coniinued on nexl page losses in some vegetable crops. Some whiteflies transmil viruses to certain vegetable crops. With the notable ex- ception of the cilrus whitefly, white- flies are not normally a problem in fruit trees, but several whiteflies can be problems on ornamental trees (see Table 1), Low levels of whiteflies are not usually damaging. Adults by them- selves will not cause significant dam- age unless they are transmitting a plant pathogen. Generally, plant losses clo not occur unless there is a significant population of whitefly nymphs, MANAGEMENT Management of heavy whitefly infesta- tions is very difficult Whileflies are not well controlled with any available inseclicides. The best strategy is to prevent problems from developing in your garden to the extent possible. In many situations, natural enemies will provide adequale control of whiteflies; outbreaks may occur if nalural enemies lhat provide biological control of whiteflies are disrupted by insecficide applications, dusly condilions, or inter- ference by anls. Avoid or remove plants that repeatedly host high popu- lations of whiteflies. In gardens, while- fly fKipulations in the early stages of population developmenl can be held down by a vigilant program of remov- ing infesled leaves, vacuuming adults, or hosing down (syringing) with water sprays. Aluminum foil or reflective mulches can repel whiteflies from veg- etable gardens and sticky traps can be used lo monitor or, al high levels, re- duce whitefly numbers, Ifyou choose to use insecticides, insecticidal soaps or oils such as neem oil may reduce but not eliminate populalions. Biological Control Whileflies have many natural enemies, and outbreaks frequently occur when ihese natural enemies have been dis- turbed or destroyed by pesticides, dust buildup, or other faclors. General predators include lacewings, bigeyed bugs, and minute pirate bugs. Several small lady beelles including Clitostethus arcuatus (on ash whitefly) and scale predators such as Scymnus or Chilocorus species, and the Asian mulfi- • 2 • Sepiember 2002 Table 1. continued Major Economic Hosts of Some Common Whileflies Mutberry whitefly (Tetraleurodes mori) Host plants: cilrus. other trees Characteristics: Nymphs have blackish, oval bodies with white, viraxy fringe. Silverleaf and sweetpolalo whiteflies (Bemisia argentifolii and B tabaci) HosI plants: very broad including many herbaceous and some woody plants such as cotton, cucurbits, tomaloes. peppers, lanlana. cole crops, and tiibiscus Characteristics: Fourth-instar nymphs have no waxy filaments or marginal Iringe. Adults have while wings and yellow body; they hold their wings slightly lilted to surface or substrale, Woolly ¥/hitefly {Aleurothrixus floccosus) Hosf plants: citrus, eugenia Characteristics: Nymphs are covered with fluffy, waxy filaments. Whiteflies Figure 2. Look at empty nymphal cases to detect parasitism: a healthy adult whitefly emeiged from the T-shaped hole in the mature nymph on Ihe left, whereas an adult parasite emerged from the round hole on the right. colored lady hieetle, Harmonia axyridis, feed on whiteflies. Whiteflies have a number of naturally occurring para- sites that can be very important in con- trolling some species. Encarsia spp, parasites are commercially available for release in greenhouse situations; however, lhey are not generally recom- mended for outdoor use because they are not well adapted for survival in lempierate zones. An exception is the use of parasite releases for bayberry whitefly in citms in southern Califor- nia. You can evaluate the degree of natural parasitization in your plants by checking empty whitefly pupal cases Those that were parasitized witl have round or oval exit holes and those from which a healthy adult whitefly emerged will have a T-shaped exit hole (Fig 2). Whitefly nymphs can some- times be checked for parasitization before emergence by noting a darken- ing in their color. However, some whitefly parasiles do not tum hosts black and many whitefly nymphs that CKCur on omamenlals are black in their unparasitized state. Avoiding the use of insecticides that kill natural enemies is a very important aspect of whitefly management. Prod- ucts containing carbaryl, pyrethroids, diazinon or foliar sprays of imidaclo- prid can tie particularly disruptive. Control of dust and ants, which protect whiteflies from their natural enemies, can also be important, especially in cilrus or olher trees. Removal Hand-removal of leaves heavily in- fesled with the nonmobile nymphal and pupal stages may reduce popula- tions to levels lhat natural enemies can contain. Water sprays (syringing) may also be useful in dislodging adults. A small, hand-held, batlery-opieraled vacuum cleaner has also been recom- mended for vacuuming adults off leaves. Vacuum in the early morning or other limes when it is cool and whiteflies are sluggish Kill vacuumed insects by placing the vacuum bag in a plastic bag and freezing il overnight. Contents may be disposed of the next day. Mulches Aluminum foil or reflective plastic mulches can repel whiteflies, especially away from small plants. Aluminum- coated construction paper is available in rolls from Reynolds Aluminum Company. Alternatively, you can spray clear plaslic mulch with silver paint. Reflective plastic mulches are also available in many garden stores. To put a mulch in your garden, firsl remove all weeds. Place the mulch on the plant beds and bury the edges with soil to hold them down. After lhe mulch is in place, cut 3- to 4-inch diam- eter holes and plant several seeds or single transplants in each one. You may furrow irrigate or sprinkle your beds if you use aluminum-coaled con- stmction paper or other porous mulch; thc mulch is sturdy enough lo lolerate sprinkling. Plastic mulches will require drip irrigation. In addition lo repielling whiteflies, aphids, and leafhoppers, the mulch will enhance crop growth and control weeds. Mulches have been shown to deter the transmission of viruses in commercial vegetable crops. When summertime temperatures get high, however, remove mulches to prevent overheating planls. Traps In vegetable gardens, yellow sticky traps can be posted around the garden lo trap adults. Such Iraps won't elimi- nale damaging populations bul may reduce them somewhat as a compo- nent of an integrated management program relying on multiple tactics, Whiteflies do not fly very far, so many traps may he needed. You may need as many as one trap for every two large plants, with the sticky yellow part of the trap level with the whitefly infesta- tion. Place Iraps so lhe sticky side faces plants but is out of direct sunlight- Commercial traps are commonly avail- able, or you can make Iraps out of '/f inch plywood or masonite board, painted bright yellow and mounted on poinled wooden stakes lhat can be driven into the soil close lo the plants lhat are to be protected. Although com- mercially available sticky substrates such as Stickem or Tanglefoot are com- monlv used as coalings for the traps, you might want to Irv to make your September 2002 Whileflies own adhesive from one-part petroleum jelly or mineral oil and one-part household detergent- This malerial can be cleaned off boards easily with soap and water, whereas a commercial sol- vent must be used lo remove the other adhesives. Periodic cleaning is essen- tial to remove insects and debris from the boards and maintain the sticky surface. Insecticide Sprays Insecticides have only a limited effect on whiteflies, Mosl kill only those whiteflies lhat come in direct contact with them For particularly trouble- some situations, try insecticidal soap or an insecticidal oil such as neem oil or narrow-range oil Because these prod- ucts only kill whitefly nympfis that are directly sprayed, plants musl be thor- oughly covered with the spray solu- lion. Be sure lo cover undersides of all infested leaves; usually these are the lowest leaves and tfie mosf difficult to reach. Use soaps when planis are nof drought-stressed and when tempera- tures are under 80"? to prevent pos- sible damage to plants. Avoid using olher pesticides lo control whileflies; not only do most of them kill natutal enemies, whiteflies quickly build up resistance to them, and most arc not very effective in garden situations. REFERENCES Bellows, T, S., J. N, Kabashima, and K. Robb, Jan, 2002, Pest Notes: Giant Whitefly. Oakland: Univ, Calif, Agric Nat, Res, Publ, 7400. Also available online al hitp:// www.ipm.ucdavis edu / PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7400 html Flint, M, L, 1998, P«/s of the Garden and Smo/J Farm, 2nd ed, Oakland: Univ. Calif, Agric Nat Res, Publ, 3332, For more information contacl the University of California Cooperative Extension or agri- cultural commissioner's office in your county. See your phone book for addresses and phone numbers AUTHOR: M. L. Flint EDITOR: B. Ohiendorf DESIGN ANO PRODUCTION: M. Brush ILLUSTRATIONS; from M, L. FBnt, Jufy 1995. Whiteflies in Califomia: a Resource for Cooperative Extension. UC IPM PuW, 19. Giant whiteBy in Table 2 by D. H. Hendrick. Produced by IPM Education and PutHica- tions. UC Slatewide IPM Program, University of Calilornia. Davis. CA 95616-8620 This Pesl Note is avaitabte on the World Wide Web (http://www.ipm,ucdavis,edu) This pubHcation has been 3r>onymousty peer re- viewed ior technical accuracy by University o( Cati- fornia scientists and other qualified professionals. This review process was managed by the ANR As- sociate Editor for Pest K!5rT»gemefi<. To simplify information, trade names of pfoducls have been used ^k)endofSDn>en! of named producis is interMjed. nor is criticism implied of similar products thai are not mentiorwd. This material is partially based upon wofV supported by the Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under special ptoject Section 3(d). Integrated Pest Management WARNfNG ON THE USE OF CHEMICALS Pesticides are poisofXMjs. Always read and careful lollow afl precautions and safety recommef>d3tions grven on the conlairwr label. Store afl chemicals in tbeoriginat labeled contair>ers in a locked cabirxel or shed, away from food or feeds, 3r>d OiA of the reach of children, unauthorized persons, pets, arvj fivestock. Confine dwovcals lo the property being treated. Avoid drift onto nerghborir^g propef^ws. especially gardens containir>g fruits or vegetables ready lo be picked. Do rvot place containers oontainirtg pesltcide in the trash nor pour pesticides down sink CK toitel Eilher use the pesticide according lo the labef or lake urrwanted pesticides to a HousehoW Hazardous Waste CoUectioo site. Contact your county agricullural commissiorwf (or adt^tional information on safe container disposal and for the locatton of ihe Household Hazardous Waste Cottection site nearest you Dispose of err^ty containers by foltowing t^el direclions. Never reuse or bum the containers or dispose of -hem :-n such a manner that tliey may contaminate water supplies or natural waterways. 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CA 94612-3350; (510) 987 0096. • 4 • WEED MANAGEMENT IN LANDSCAPES Integrated Pest Management for Landscape Professionals and Home Gardeners Weed management in landscape plantings is often made difficult by the complexity of many plantings: usually more lhan one species is planted in the landscaped area and ihere is a mix of annual and perennial ornamentals. The great variety of ornamental species, soil types, slopes, and mulches creates the need for a variety of weed manage- menl opfions. There are also consider- ations regarding public concem aboul the use of chemicals to control weeds. The choice of a specific weed manage- ment program depends on the weeds present and the types of turf or orna- mentals planted in the area. Because of the many variables, weeds in land- scape plantings are conlrolled by a combination of nonchemical and chemical methods Mosl landscape plantings include turfgrass, hiedding plants, herbaceous perennials, shrubs, and trees Informa- tion on integrated piest managemenl for turfgrass can be found in L/C 1PM Pest Managemenl Guidelines: Turfgrass (see "References"). Use this publication as a praciical review and guide lo weed management options suited lo general types of landscape plantings. WEED MANAGEMENT BEFORE PLANTING An integrated approach, utilizing sev- eral options, is the mosl economical and effecfive means of controlling weeds. Begin your weed managemenf plan for landscapes before planting by following these five basic steps: 1. Sile assessment. Before soil prepara- tion and when the weeds are visible, evaluaie the soil, mulch, and slope of the site. Identify Ihe weed species in the area, with particular emphasis on perennial weeds. The fiest time lo look for winter annual weeds is mid- lo late winter; perennials and sum- mer annuals are easiest to identify in mid- to late summer. 2. Silf preparation. The most often over- looked aspect of a landscape mainle- nance program is sile preparaiion. Control existing weeds, esfjecially perennials, before any grading and developmenl are started Glyphosate (Roundup, etc ) can be used to kill existing annual and perennial weeds PreplanI trealment wilh fumigants (available to licensed pesticide appli- cators only) or soil solarization can lie used if lime allows; however, 6 weeks are required lor solarization to work and it is most effective when done during the time of highest sun radiation—from June to August in California. 3. Define the lype of planting. There are more weed control options if the planting consists entirely of woody plants as opposed to herbaceous annuals or pierennial plants, or a mixture of all three. i. Don't introduce weeds Weeds are sometimes introduced in the soil brought lo the landscape site eilher when amending the soil or in the potting mix of transplanls 5. Encourage rapid establishment of de- sired planis. Use the best manage- ment practices to get the planis established as quickly as possible so lhal lhey become competitive with weeds and more tolerant of herbi- cides applied to the site. Hand- weeding and keeping weeds from producing seeds in the landscape will greatly reduce overall weed populations. WEED MANAGEMENT AFTER PLANTING when developing a weed management plan for an existing planling or afler an installation is in place, consider the types of planis present and the weeds preseni and their lifecjxles (annual, biennial, perennial) (Table 1). TABLE 1, Common Weeds in Landscape Plantings. Annuals annual bluegrass clover (black medic and burclovei) common groundsel • crabgrass (large and smooth) + lillle mallow (cheeseweed) pigweed (redroot and prostrate) prickly lettuce purslane sowftiistle spurge (prostrate and creeping) + wild barley wild oat Biennials bristly oxtongue * Perennials bermudagrass + creeping woodsorrel dandelion field bindweed * kikuyugrass nutsedge (yellow and purple) • oxalis (creeping woodsorrel and Bermuda txittercup) • especially troublesome • PEST NO"T"ES Publication 7441 University of California Agriculture and Nalural Resources Revised August 2001 August 2001 Weeri Management in Lantdscapes Weed control options in the landscape include hand-weeding and cultivation, mowing, mulching, hot waler treat- ments, and chemical control. All of these methods are used at one time or anotiier in landscape maintenance op- erations (Table 2). After elimination by hand-pulling, cultivation, or a post- emergent herbicide application, the subsequeni growth of annual weeds can lie discouraged with mulches and/ or preemergenl herbicides. Cultivation and Hand-iveeding Cultivation (hoeing) and hand- weeding selectively remove weeds from omamental plantings. These methods are time-consuming, expen- sive, and must be repealed frequently until the plantings become established- Cultivation can damage omamenlals with shallow roots, bring weed seeds to the soil surface, and propagate pe- rennial weeds. When cultivating, avoid deep tilling, as this brings buried weed seeds to the soil surface where lhey are more likely to germinate. Perennial weeds are oflen spread by cultivation and should be controlled or removed by other methods. Frequent hand-removal of weeds when they are small and have not yet set seed will rapidly reduce lhe numiier of annual weeds. If weeds are scattered al a sile, hand-weeding may be the pre- ferred management melhod, Hand- TABLE 2. How to Manage Weeds in Five Types of Landscape Plantings, Type of plantirvg and comments Woody Trees and Shrub Beds, Densely shaded plantings reduce weeds. PreplanI weed control is not as critical as in olher types of plantings. It is often necessary lo combine treatments for complete weed control. Woody Ground Cover Beds, Woody ground covers should exclude mosf weeds; however, weed encroachment during estabfishmenl is likely Annual Flower Beds. A closed canopy will help shade out many weeds. Periodic cultivations (at 3- to 4-week intervals and between display lotafions) wiH suppress many weeds. Herbaceous Perennial Beds, Weed managemenl opiions in herbaceous perennial beds are similar lo those for annual flowers, except (1) it is more important to eradicate perennial weeds as there wiB be no opportunity to cultivate or renovate the bed for several years; and (2) fewer species are included on herbfckJe latiels. Mixed Plantings of Woody and Hert>aceous Plants. Weed management is complex because ol the diversify of spedes. Different areas of the bed coukJ receive different treatments. Site preparation is crilKal because postplant herbicide choices are few. Recommendations Control perennial weeds before planting (although conlrol may be possiTjle after planling): use geotextile fabrics with a shallow layer of mulch or use a thick layer of muteti without a geotextile base; use a preemergenl herbicide, if needed, and supplement wilh spot appfications of postemergent fiertiicides and/or hand-weeding. Perennial weeds may be controlled by manual removal, spot applications of glyphosate or glufosinale, or. in some instarKes. rformant season applications of preemergent herbfcides. Escaped weeds may be controlled manually or wilh spot applications of postemergent herbicides. Control perennial weeds before planting, although perennial grasses may be selectively conlrolled after planting with fluazifop (Fusilade, Ornamec), clethodim (Envoy), or olher selective grass heibicides. Annual weeds may be conlrolled with mulch plus a preemergent herbicide, supplemented with some hand-weeding. Use gc-ctextiles where possible bot do not use Ihem where ground covers are expected lo root and spread. After planting, it is dilFicuH to make spot appfications of nonselective herbicides without injuring desirable plants, Postemergent control of mosl annual and perennial grasses is possible Conlrol perennial weeds befoie planting and carefully select fk)wer species for weed management compatibility Annual weeds may t>e controlled with mulches, preemergenl herbicides, frecjuent cultivation, and/or hand-weeding Perennial grasses can be seleclively controlled wilh delhodim CH fluazifop. or olher grass- selective herbicides, but other perennial weeds cannot tie selectively conlrolled afler planting. Geotextiles generally are not useful tiecause of Ihe sfiort-tenm nature of Ihe planting. Avoid nonselective herbickles after planting Control perennial weeds before planting; use geotextiles where possible; use mulches with a preemergenl fierbicide: and supplement wilh hand-weeding. Planl Ihe woody species first; control perennial weeds in the first two giowing seasons, then introduce the herbaceous species. Planl close logether lo shade the entire area Another option may be lo define use-areas wilhin the tied that will receive similar weed managemenl programs. August 2001 Weed Management In Landscapes weeding can be lime consuming and cosily bul should be included in all weed management programs to keep weeds from seeding. Young weeds in open areas also can be controlled wilh small flaming units. Propane burners are available to rapi- idly pass over young weeds to kill them A quick pass over the planl is all lhat is necessary; do nof burn the weed to the ground. Flaming is more effec- tive on broadleaf weeds than grasses. Be careful not lo flame over dry veg- etation and dry wood chips or near buildings and other flammable materi- als, and don't get the flame near de- sired plants- The top growth of older weeds can be controlled by using a siring trimmer. Annual broadleaf weeds are more ef- fectively controlled lhan annual grasses because the growing points of grasses are usually below ground Pe- rennial weeds regrow rapidly after using a string trimmer. Be careful nol lo girdle and kill desirable shrubs and Irees with repeated use of a string trimmer. Mowing Mowing can be used lo prevent the formaiion and spread of weed seeds from many broadleaf weeds into culti- vated areas by cutting off flower heads. However, weeds that flower lower than lhe mowing blade are nol con- lrolled. Repealed mowing lends lo favor Ihe establishment of grasses and low-growing perennial weeds Mow- ing of some ground covers can rejuve- nate them and make them more competitive against weeds. Mulches A mulch is any material placed on the soil to cover and protect it. Mulches suppress annual weeds by limiting lighf required for weed eslablishment. Many types of landscape mulches are available. The most common are bark and olher wood products and black plastic or cloth materials. Other prod- ucts lhat are used include paper, yard composl, hulls from nuts (pecans) or cereals (rice), municipal composts, and stones Organic mutches include wood chips, sawdust, yard waste (leaves, clip- pings, and wood producis), and hard- wood or softwood bark chips or nuggets. Bark chips are moderate- sized particles (/s to '/5 inch) and have moderate lo good slability, while bark nuggets are larger in size (Vi lo 2'/ inches) and have excellent stabilify over time. These materials can be used in landscape beds containing herba- ceous or woody omamenlals. The thickness or depth of a mulch necessary lo adequately suppress weed growth depends on the mulch type and the weed pressure. The larger the particle size of the mulch, the greater the depth required to ex- clude all lighf from Ihe soil surface. Coarse-textured mulches can be ap>- plied up lo 4 inches deep and provide long-term weed conlrol. Fine-lextured mulches pack more tightly and should only be applied lo a depth of about 2 inches. If the mulch is loo decom- posed, it may serve better as a weed propagation medium rather than a means of prevention. Plan to periodi- cally replenish landscape mulches, regardless of particle size, because of decomposition, movement, or settling. If seedlings germinate in mulches, a light raking, hoeing, or hand-weeding will remove the young weeds. Inorganic mulches, which include both natural and synthetic products, are generally more expensive and less widely used in the landscape, Nalural inorganic mulches are stable over time and include materials such as sand, gravel, or pebbles. Most of these prod- ucts are used in public and commer- cial plantings. If using a rock mulch, consider placing a landscape fabric underneath it. The fabric creales a layer between the mulch and soil, preventing rock pieces from sinking into the soil. The fabric prevents soil from moving above the rock layer, which would bring weed seed to the surface Black plaslic (solid polyethylene)can be used underneath mulches to im- prove weed control. It provides excel- lent control of annual weeds and suppresses perennial weeds, but lacks porosity and restricts air and water movement. For this reason, black plas- tic may not be the preferred long-term weed control melhod in landscape beds. Synthetic mulches, which are manu- factured materials that are called geotextile or landscape fabrics, have been developed to replace black plastic in the landscape, Geotextiles are porous and allow waler and air to pass through them, overcoming the major disadvantage of black plastic, Al Ihough these materials are relatively expensive and time-consuming lo in- stall, they become cost-effective if the planting is lo remain in place for 4 or more years, Geotextiles are used mainly for long-term weed control in woody omamenlal Irees and shmbs. Geotexliles should not be used where the area is to be replanted periodically, such as in annual flower beds or in areas where the fabric would inhibit Ihe rooting and spread of ground cov- ers. Tree and shrub rools can penetrate lhe materials and if the material is re- moved, damage can occur to fhe plant's root system. This might he a concem if a fabric has been in place longer than 5 years. At least one geotextile fabric (BioBarrier) has an herbicide encapsulated in nodules on the fabric that reduces rool penelralion problems Placing a landscape fabric under mulch results in greater weed control lhan mulch used alone. There are differ- ences in the weed-controlling ability among the geotexliles: fabrics that are thin, lightweight, or have an open mesh allow for grealer weed penetra- tion than more closely woven or non- woven fabrics. To install a landscape fabric, you can plant first and then install the fabric afterwards using U-shaped nails to peg it down After laying the cloth close to August 2001 Weed Management in Landscapes the ground, cut an "X " over the plant and pull it through the cloth If laying down a fabric before planting, cut an "X" through the fabric and dig a planl- ing hole. Avoid leaving soil from the planting hole on top of the fabric Ije- cause this could put weed seeds above the nrvaleriaL Fold the "X " back down to keep the geotextile sheet as continu- ous as possible. Weeds will grow through any gap in the landscape fab- ric, so it is impiortanl to overlap pieces of fabric and tack them down tightly. Apply a shallow mulch layer (about 1 inch deep) to thoroughly cover the fabric and prevent photodegradalion. If weeds grow into or through the geotextile, remove them when they are small to prevent them from creating holes in the fabric. Maintain a weed- free mulch layer on top of the fabric by hand-weeding or by applying herbi- cides. Use of a rock mulch above a landscape fabric can have grealer weed control than fabric plus organic mulch combinations- Yeltow nutsedge grows ihrough all geotextiles but some fabrics are better at suppressing yellow nutsedge lhan others (for more informaiion, see Pest Notes: Nutsedge. listed in "References"), Problems wilh Organic and Natural Inorganic Mulches, There are several problems associated with Ihe use of organic and inorganic mulches. Peren- nial weeds such as field bindweed and nutsedges often have sufficient rcxjt reserves to enable them to penelrate even ihick layers of mulches. Some annual weeds will grow ihrough mulches, while others may germinate on lop of them as they decompose. Weeds lhal are a particular problem are those that have windborne seeds such as common groundsel, prickly lettuce, and common sowthistle. Ap- plying mulches at depths of greater than 4 inches may injure planis by keeping the soil too wet and limiting oxygen to the plant's roots Disease incidence, such as root or slem rot, may increase when deep mulches are maintained When mulches are too fine, applied loo thickly, or begin lo decompose, they stay wet between rains and allow weeds lo germinate and grow direclly in the mulch. For besl vveed conlrol, use a coarse-textured mulch with a low water-holding capaciiy. When used alone, mulches rarely provide 100% weed conlrol. To improve the level of weed control, apply preemergent her- bicides at the same time as the mulch (see Table 3). Supplemental hand- weeding or spot spraying may also be needed. Avoid mulches wifh a pH less lhan 4 or lhat have an "off odor" such as am- monia, vinegar, or rotten egg smell. These mulches were stored incorrectly and conlain chemical compounds that may injure planis, especially herba- ceous plants If using a composted mulch, tempera- tures achieved during the composting process should have killed most weed seeds. However, if the compost was stored uncovered in the open, weed seeds may have been blown onto the mulch. Be sure the mulch is not con- taminated with weed seeds or olher propagules such as nutsedge tubers Hot Water or Steam Treatments There are several machines currently available lhat use hof water or steam to kill weeds. These machines are most effective on very young annual weeds or perennials thaf have recently emerged from seeds. The effect is simi- lar to lhat of a nonselective, post- emergent herbicide. Hot water and steam are not very effective on peren- nial weeds with established slorage organs, such as rhizomes and bulbs, nor do they conlrol woody plants. In general, broadleaf weeds are more easily controlled by this method lhan grasses The equipment is expensive to purchase and mainlain, so these ma- chines are not appropriate for home use. However, commercial landscap- ers may hnd them useful in certain situations where the use of herbicides is not desired such as when line- marking playing fields, in play- grounds, around woody plants, for edging, and (or weeds growing along fence lines. Some brands of equipment travel slowly (about 2 mile/hour) and are probably nol cosl-effeclive for weed control along roadsides. Because these methods employ boiling waler or steam, workers must be adequately trained in the use of the machines lo prevent severe burns. Herbicides for Landscape Plantings Herbicides have been effectively used in many lypes of landscape plantings and are most often integrated with the cultural practices discussed above. Generally, home gardeners should nof need lo apply herbicides to existing landscape plantings Hand-weeding and mulching should provide suffi- cient conlrol and avoid hazards to de- sirable plants associated wilh herbicide use. Many herbicides listed here are for use by professional landscape piest managers and are not available lo home gardeners. To determine which herbicide(s) are in a product, look at the active ingredients on the label Preemergent Herbicides. When weeds have been removed from an area, preemergent herbicides can then be applied lo prevent the germination or survival of weed seedlings, Preemer- gent herbicides must be applied before the weed seedlings emerge. Examples of preemergent herbicides include: DCPA (Dacthal), dilhiopyr (Dimen- sion), isoxaben (Gallery), melolachlor (Pennant), napropamide (Devrinol), oryzalin (Surflan, Weed Stopper), oxadiazon (Ronstar), oxyfluorfen (Goal), pendimethalin (Pendulum, Pre- M), and prodiamine (Barricade). CKTPA, dilhiopyr, oryzalin, napro- pamide, pendimethalin, and prodia- mine control annual grasses and many broadleaf weeds and can be used safely around many woody and herba- ceous ornamentals. Melolachlor has become popular because il controls yellow nutsedge as well as mosl an- • 4 • August 2001 Weed Management in Landscapes nual grasses Isoxaben is used for con- trol of broadleaf weeds. Timing of a preemergent herbicide applicalion is deiermined by when the target weed germinates, or by when the weed is in the stage lhat is most sensitive to the herbicide. In general, lale summer/early fall applications of preemergent herbicides are used to control winler annuals, while late win- ter/ early spring applications are used lo conlrol summer annuals and seed- lings of pierennial weeds. If heavy rain- fall occurs after preemergent herbidde applicafion or if a short residual prcxi- uct was applied, a second preemergent herbidde applicafion may be needed. Generally, herbiddes degrade faster under wet. warm conditions lhan un- der dry, cool conditions. No cultivation should occur afler an application of oxyfluorfen; however, shallow cultivation (1 lo 2 inches) will not harm napropamide, pendimeth- alin, or oryzalin. Also, soil type and pH can affect tfie activity of some herbi- ddes. Use the information contained in herbicide labels and from your local county Coopierative Exiension office to delermine the tolerance of an omamen- tal plant species to a given herbiade Match herbicides with weeds present, and consider using herbidde combina- lions. Combinations of herbiddes in- crease the spectrum of weeds con- trolled and provide effective control of grasses and many broadleaf weeds Commonly used combinations include tank mixes of the materials listed above or isoxaben/trifluralin (Snap- shot), oryzalin/benefin (XL), oxyflu- orfen/oryzalin (Rout), and oxyflu- orfen/pendimethalin (Omamental Herbidde II). Check the label lo deler- mine which ornamental species the material can safely be used around and which spedes of weeds are controlled. Postemergent Herbicides. When weeds escape preemergent herbiddes or geotextile fabrics, pioslemergeni herbiddes can tie used lo control estab- lished weeds. Postemergent herbicides confrol existing planis only and do not give residual weed conlrol Their pri- mary function is lo control young an- nual spiecies, but lhey are also used lo conlrol perennial spiecies. Clethodim and fluazifop seleclively control most annual and pierennial grasses. Glufo- sinate (Finale), diquat (Reward), and pelargonic add (Scythe) are nonselec- tive, contact herbicides lhat kill or in- jure any vegetation lhey contacl. They kill annual weeds, but only "burn off" the tops of pierennial weeds. Glypho- sate (Roundup Pro and olhers) is a syslemic herbidde, Il is translocated lo the roots and growing pioints of ma- ture, rapidly growing planis and kills the enfire plant, Il is effective on mosf annual and perennial weeds. Mulch and Herbicide Placemenl. The placement of an herbidde in reiafion fo an orgaruc mulch can affect the herb- icide's pierformance. Additionally, the characteristics of organic mulches can affect how herbiddes work, A mulch lhat primarily consists of fine particles can reduce the availability of some herbiddes. The finer the organic mate- rial (compost or manure, compared to bark), the greater the binding of the herbidde Most herbicides are tightly bound by organic matter, and while Ihe binding minimizes leaching, it can also minimize an herbidde's aclivily. Mulch that is made up of coarse par- ticles will have litlle effect on herbidde activity Another impiortant factor is the depth of the mulch. An herbicide applied on fop of a thin mulch may t>e able to leach through lo where the weed seeds are germinating, but when applied to the top of a thick layer of mulch il may not gel down to the zone of weed seed germination. Products like oxadiazon (Ronstar) and oxyfluorfen (Goal) lhat require a continuous surface layer must be placed on the soil surface un- der the mulch. Suggestions for use of mulch with herbiddes are given in Table 3. Avoiding Herbicide injury. Because of the close proximity of many different Sfiedes of planis in the landscape, herbidde injury may occur, resulting in visual plant damage. Herbicide in- jury symptoms vary according lo plant spedes and the herbidde and can in- clude yellowing (chlorosis), bleaching, root stunting, dislorted growlh, and the death of leaves. Granular formula- tions of preemergent herbiddes are less likely to cause injury than spray- able formulafions Using a granular formulation reduces the potential for foliar uptake, but granules of oxadi- azon (Ronstar) or oxyfluorfen (Goal) mixtures will injure plants if lhey col- lect in the base of leaves or adhere lo TABLE 3. Suggestions for Placement of Herbicide with an Orqanic Mutch Herbicide Application Devrinol (napropamide) under the mulch Gallery (isoxaben) best under Ihe mulch, moderate conlrol when appilied on lop of mulch OHII (pendimethalin plus oxyfluorfen) works well both under or over mulch Pennant (melolachlor) under the mulch Ronslar (oxadiazon) over Ihe mulch Rout (oryzalin plus oxyfluorfen) works well bolh under or over mulch Surflan (oryzalin) best under Ihe mulch but provides some control when applied on lop of mulch Surftan plus Gallery under the mulch bul wiB give a fair amount of control even wtien applied on lop of mulch Treflan (trifluralin) under the mulch XL (oryzalin/benefin) under the mulch August 2001 Weed Management in Landscapes wet leaves Apply nonselective herbi- ddes such as diqual, pelargonic acid, or glyphosate wilh low pressure and large droplets on a calm day. Use shielded sprayers when making appli- cations around ornamentals lo avoid contacl wilh nontarget plants Herbidde injury to established planis from soil-applied chemicals is often lemfiorary but can cause serious growlh inhibition to newly planted ornamentals. Herbiddes lhat conlain oryzalin or isoxalien are more likely to cause this injury. Injury may result when f>ersistenf herbiddes are applied to surrounding areas for weed control in turf, agronomic cropis, or complete vegetative control under pavement Activated charcoal incorpiorated into the soil may adsorb the herbicide and minimize injury. Usually il just takes time for herbicide residues to com- pletely degrade. To speed degradation, supplement the organic content of the soil and keep it moisl but not wet dur- ing periods of warm weather. COMPILED FROM: Derr, J. F, et al, Feb 1997, Weed Man- agemenl in Landscap>e and Nursery Plantings, from Weed Management and Horticultural Crops, WSSA/ASHS SympMjsium, REFERENCES Dreistadt, S, H, 1992, Pesfs of landscape Trees and Shrubs. Oakland: Univ, Calif, Agric Nal, Res, Publ. 3359, Fischer, B, B, ed, 1998, Grower's Weed Identificalion Handbook. Oakland: Univ, Calif. Agric Nal, Res, Publ 4030. UC Statewide 1PM Project. PrsI Noies series: Annual Bluegrass. Bermuda- grass, Common Knotweed Common Purslane. Crabgrass Creeping Wtxidsorrel/Bermuda Buttercup. Dande- lion. Dodder, Field Bindweed, Green Kyllinga, Kikuyugrass. Mistletoe, Nut- sedge. Poison Oak. Mantains. Russian Thistle. Spiotled Spurge, Wild Blackber- ries, Oakland: Univ, Calif, Agric Nal, Res, Also available online at http: / / www,ipm.ucdavis edu/PMG/ selectnewpiest-home html UCSlalewide 1PM Project. UC fPM Pesl Managemenl Guidelines: Turfgrass. Oak- land: Univ, CaliL Agric Nat, Res, Publ, 3365-T, Also available online at http:/ / virww,ipm-ucdavis edu/PMG/ selectnewfiest. turfgrass html For more information contact the Univeisity of Cafifomia Cooperative Exiension or agri- cullural commissioner s office in yoor coun- ty. See your pfione book for addresses and phone numbers AinHOR: C. A. Wiien and C. L. Elmore EDITOR; B, Ohiendorf TECHNICAL EDITOR: M. L. Flint DESIGN AND PRODUCTION: M. Brush Produced by IPM Education and Publica- tions. UC statewide IPM Project. University of California. Davis. CA 95616-8620 This Pest Note is available on the World Wide Web (hftp://YVWw.ipm.ucdavis.edu) This pubHcation has been anonymously peer reviewed for technical accuracy by University of Cafifomia scientists arxl other quafified profes- sionals. This rewew process was nianaged by the ANR Associate Eftttof for Pesl Mariagement. To simplify iniormation, trade names of products have been used. No endorsement of named products is intended, nor is oitictsm implied of similar products lhat are nol mentioned. This material is partially based upon work supported by the Exiension Service. U S Deparlmenl of Agiicutture. under special project Seciiort 3(d), Integrated Pest Management. WARNING ON THE USE OF CHEMICALS Pesticides are poisonous. Always read ar>d carefully foOow aH precautions and safety recommendations given on the container lat>el. Store all chemicals in lt>e original labeled containers in a locked cabinet or shed, away from food or feeds. ar»d out of Ihe reach of chikjren, unauthorized persons, pets. ar>d livestoclL Confine chemicals to the property being treated. Avoid drifl onto neighboring properlies. especially gardens containing kutts or vegetables ready lo be ^Mcked. Do not place containers coi^airting pesticide in the frash rtof pour pesticides down sink or lofleL Ertlief use Ihe pesticide according lo the label or take unwanted pesticides lo a Household Hazardous VVaste Coflection site. Contact yoor couniy agricultural commissioner lor additional intormalion on safe container disposal and for tf>e locatlcm of the Household Hazardous Wasle CoHection site nearest you. Dispose of enrtply conlair>ers by foftowing label directions. Never reuse or burn the containers or disposed them in such a manr>er that they may contaminate water suppjfies of natural waterways. The University of Califomia prohibits discrimination ag^st or harassment of any person emptoyed by or seeking employment with lf*e University on the basis of race, color, national origin, religion, sex. physical or nrwnlal disability, medical cor>ditk>n (cancer-related or genetic characterislics). ancestry, marital status, age, sexual orientation, citizenship, or status as a covered veteran {special disabled veieran. Vietnam-era veteran, or any other veteran who served on aclive duty during a war or in a campaign or e;( pe dilion for which a campaign badge has been authorized). University policy is inlernfed lo be consistent with the provisions of appficabfe Slate and Federal laws. Inquiries regarding the University's nondiscrimination policies may be directed to Ihe Affirmative Adion/StaK Personnel Services Director, University of California, Agticuttuie and Natural Resources. 300 Lakeside Dr. Oakland. CA 94612-3350; (510) 987-0096. • 6 • TERMITES Integrated Pest Management in and around the Home Termites are small, white, lan, or black insects thai can cause severe destruc- tion to wooden stractures. Termites belong lo the insect order Isoplera, an andent insect group that dates back more lhan 100 million years The Latin name Isoptera means "equal wing" and Orefers to the fact lhat the front set of wings on a reproductive termite is similar in size and shapie lo lhe hind sel. Although many people think termites have only negative impacts, in nature lhey make many positive contributions to the world's ecosyslems. Their great- est contribution is the role lhey play in recycling wood and planl malerial. Their tunneling efforts also help lo ensure lhat soils are porous, contain nutrients, and are heallhy enough lo suppiort planl growth Termites are very important in the Sahara Desert where their activity helps to reclaim soils damaged by drying heat and wind and the overgrazing by livestock. Termites become a problem when lhey consume structural lumber. Each year thousands of housing units in the United States require treatment for the conlrol of termites Termites may also damage utility potes and other wooden Anf Wings flf present) have lew veins Hind wings arc smaUer lhan froni wings. worker soldier winged reproductive Subterranean Termite soldier Pacific Dampwood Termite soldier reproductive Drywood Termite Figure I, Subterranean, drywood, and dampwood termites. structures. Termite fiesis in California include drywood, dampwood, and subterranean spedes. These piesls cause serious damage to wooden stmc- tures and posts and may also attack stored food, books, and household fumiture, IDENTIFICATION Termites are social and can form large nests or colonies, consisting of very different looking individuals (castes) Termite Broad waist IVings (if preseni) have many smafl veins Front arxJ hind wings are same size. Figure 2. Distinguishing features of ants and fermiles- Physically the largest individual is the queen. Her function is lo lay eggs, sometimes thousands in a single day, A king is always by her side. Other indi- viduals have large heads wilh piowerful jaws, or a bulblike head lhat squirts liquid. These individuais are called soldiers. But the largest group of ter- mites in a colony is the workers. They toil long hours tending the queen, building the nest, or gathering food. While olher spiecies of sodal insects have workers, termites are unic}ue among insects in lhat workers can be male or female. Surprisingly, lermiles can be long-lived: queens and kings can live for decades while individual workers can survive for several years. Signs of termite infestation include swarming of winged forms in fall and spring and evidence of tunneling in wood. Darkening or blistering of wooden stmctural members is another indication of an infestation; wood in • PEST NOTES University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 741 5 Revised May 2001 May 2001 Termites damaged areas is typically thin and easily punctured with a knife or screw- driver. There are more than 2,500 different tvpes of termiles in the world and at least 17 different typies of lermiles in California. However, most of this di- versity can be lumpied into four dis- tinct groups: dampwood, drywood, subterranean, and mound builders. Mound builders do not occur in North America, but the olher three spiecies do (Fig. 1). Dampwood termites are very limited in iheir distribution: most spie- cies are found only in Califomia and the Pacific Northwest. Dampwood termites derive their name from the facl lhat they live and feed in very moisl wtxid, espedally in stump>s and fallen trees on the forest floor, Drywood termites are common on most continents and can survive in very dry condilions, even in dead wood in deserts. They do nol require contacl with moisiure or soil Subterra- nean termites are very numerous in many parts of the world and live and breed in soil, sometimes many feet deep. Lastly, the mound builders are capable of building earthen towers 25 feet or more in height. Mounds may be locaied eilher in the soil or in Irees, and where they occur in Africa, Australia, 5>oulheast Asia, and parts of South America, they are very noticeable and remarkable. Termites are sometimes confused with winged forms of ants, which also leave their underground nesls in large num- bers to establish new colonies and swarm in a manner similar to lhat of reproductive stages of termites. How- ever, ants and termiles can be distin- guished by checking three features: antennae, wings, and waist (Fig, 2), Dampwood Termites Dampwood termites are fairly com- mon in central and northern coastal areas in Califomia, They nest in WCXKI buried in the ground, although contact with the ground is not necessary when infesled wood is high in moisture. Be- cause of their high moisiure require- ments, dampwood lermiles most oflen are found in cool, humid areas along the coast and are tvpical pests of beach houses Winged reproducfives typically swarm between July and October, bul it is nol unusual lo see them al olher limes of the year. Dampwood termite winged reproductives (sometimes called swarmers) are attracted lo lights. Dampwood termites produce dislinc- live fecal pellets that are rounded at both ends, elongate, and lack the clear longitudinal ridges common to drywood termite piellels (Fig. 3), Final confirmation of piellel identification may require help from an exp>erl. The Nevada dampwood termite, Zootermopsis nevadensis. occurs in the higher, drier mountainous areas of the Sierras where it is an occasional pest in mountain cabins and other forest struc- tures; it also occurs along the northern Califomia coast. The Pacific dampwood termite, Zootermopsis angusllcollis, is almost one inch long, making il the largest of the termites occurring in Cali- fomia, Winged reproductives are dark brown wilh brown wings. Soldiers have a flattened brown or yellowish brown head wilh elongated black or dark brown mandibles. Nymphs are cream colored with a characteristic spiotled abdominal pattem caused by food in their intestines. Nevada dampwood termites are slightly smaller and darker lhan the Padfic species; reproductives are aboul inch long Drywood Termites Drywood termiles infest dry, unde- cayed wood, including structural lum- ber as well as dead limbs of native trees and shade and orchard trees, utility poles, posts, and lumber in storage. From these areas, winged reproduc- fives seasonally migrate to nearby buildings and other structures usually on sunny days during fall monlfis. Drywood termites are most prevalent m southern Califomia (including the desert areas), but also occur along most coastal regions and in the Cenlral Valley Drywood termites have a low moisture requirement and can tolerate dry condi- lions for prolonged periods. They re- main entirely above ground and do nol connect their nests to the soil. Piles of their fecal pellets, which are distinctive in appearance, may be a clue to their presence The fecal piellels are elongate (about 3/ioo inch long) with rounded ends and have six flattened or roundly depressed surfaces separated by six longitudinal ridges (see Fig. 3). They vary considerably in color, but appear granular and salt and pepperlike in color and appearance. Winged adults of westem drywood termites (Jncisitermes minor) are dark brown wilh smoky black wings and have a reddish brown head and thorax; wing veins are black- These insecls are noticeably larger lhan sublerranean termites. Subterranean Termites Subterranean termites require moist environments. To satisfy this need, they usually nest in or near the soil and maintain some connection with the soil ihrough turmels in wood or ihrough shelter tubes they construct (Fig. 4). These shelter tubes are made of soi! with bits of wood or even plasterboard (drywall). Much of the damage lhey cause occurs in foundation and struc- tural support wood. Because of the moisture requiremenis of subterranean termites, they are often found in wood lhal has wood rol. The westem sublerranean termite, Reticulitermes hesperus, is the mosf de- stmctive lermite found in Califomia. Reproductive winged forms of subter- ranean termiles are dark brown to brownish black, with brownish gray wings. On warm, sunny days follow- dampwood termite Figure 3, Fecal pellets of drywood and dampwood termites. May 2001 Termites wor1(ing tubes expkxalory tubes drop lubes Figure 4. Snbterxanean termites constnict three types of tubes or tunnels. Working lubes (lefl) are constructed from nests in the soil lo wooden structures; Ihey may travel ap concrete or slone foundations. Exploratory and migratory tubes (center) arise from the soil but do not connect lo wood structores. Drop tubes (right) extend from wooden structures back to tbe soil. ing fall or sometimes spring rains, swarms of reprcxluclives may be seen. Soldiers are wingless with white bod- ies and pale yellow heads. Their long, narrow heads have no eyes. Workers are slightly smaller than reproductives, wingless, and have a shorter head than soldiers; their color is similar to lliat of soldiers. In the desert areas of Califor- nia, Helerotermes aureus, is the mosl destructive species of subterranean termites. Another destmctive spiecies in ihis group, the Formosan subterra- nean lermite, Coptolermes formosanus, is now in Califomia bul restricted to a small area near San Diego. Unlike the western subterranean termite, Formosan sublerranean termites swarm at dusk and are attracted to lights. LIFE CYCLE Most termite spiecies swarm in late summer or fall, allhough spring swarms are nol uncommon for subler- ranean and drywood lermiles. New kings and queens are winged during their early adull life bul lose their wings after dispersing from their origi- nal colony An infeslalion begins when a mated pair finds a suitable nesting site near or in wood and constructs a small chamber, which they enter and seal Soon afterward, the female begins egg laying, and bolh the king and queen feed the young on predigested food until ihey are able to feed them- selves Mosl species of termites have microscopic, one-celled animals called protozoa wilhin their intestines that help m converting wood (cellulose) into food for the colony. Once workers and nymphs are pro- duced, the king and queen are fed by the workers and cease feeding on wood. Termites go ihrough incomplete metamorphosis wilh egg, nymph, and adult stages. Nymphs resemble adults bul are smaller and are the mosl nu- merous slage in the colony. They also groom and feed one another and olher colony members. MANAGEMENT Successful termite management re- quires many spiedal skills, including a working knowledge of building con- struction. An understanding of termite biology and identification can help a homeowner detect problems and un- derstand methods of control In most cases il is advisable lo hire a profes- sional pest control company to carry out the inspection and control program, Managemenf techniques vary depend- ing on the species causing an infesla- lion. Multiple colonies of the same spedes of termite or more than one spedes of termite can infest a building (Fig. 5). Any of these variables will influence your conlrol approach. Sul>- terranean, and less frequently, dampwood termiles can have nests al or near ground level, so control meth- ods for these can be similar. However, drywood termiles nesl above ground, therefore the approach for eliminating them is unique. Use an inlegraled program to manage lermiles. Combine methods such as modifying habitats, excluding termiles from lhe building by physical and chemical means, and using mechanical and chemical methods to destroy exist- ing colonies. Inspection Before beginning a control program, thoroughly inspecl the building Verify that there are termites, identify them, and assess the extent of their infesta- tion and damage. Look for conditions wilhin and around the building lhat promote termite attack, such as exces- sive moisture or wood in contact with the soil. Because locating and identify- ing termite spiecies is not always easy, it may be advisable to have a profes- sional conduct the inspeclion. Figure 5, Subterranean lermite colony with multiple nesting sites. May 2001 Termites Table 1. Relative Resistance of Lumber to Termites' li^oderately or Sligtitiy resistant or very resistant Moderately resistant nonresistant Arizona cypress bald cypress (young growlh) akler bald cypress (old growlh) Douglas fir ashes lilack cherry eastern white pine aspens black tocust honey locusi basswood black walnut toblolly pine beech bur oak longleaf pine birches catalpa shortleaf pine black oak cedars swamp ctiestnut oak butlemut cheslnut tamarack cottonwood chestnut oak western larch elms gambel oak hemlcx:ks junipers hickories mesquile maples Oregon white oak pines osage orange poplars Pacific yew red oak post oak spruces red mulberry true firs redwood sassafras wtiite oak Adapted from: Wood Handbook: Wood as an engineering Malerial. USDA Agricutlure Handtxiok No. 72. ' The heartwood ol the tree offers the greatest resistance to lermite attack. Prevention Building design may contribute to termite invasion. Keep all substructural wood at least 12 inches above the soil beneath the building. Identify and corred olher structural deficiencies lhal attrad or promote lermite infesta- tions. Stucco siding lhat reaches the ground promotes termite infestations Keep attic and foundaiion areas well ventilated and dry. Use screening over attic vents and seal olher opienings, such as knotholes and cracks, to dis- courage lhe entry of winged drywood termites. Although screening of foun- dation vents or sealing otfier openings into the substructure helps block the entry of termites, these prcKedures may inlerfere wilh adequate venlila- tion and increase moisture problems, especially if a very fine mesh is used in the screening- Inspiecl utility and ser- vice boxes attached to the building to see that they are sealed and do not provide shelter or a pioini of entry for termites Reduce chances of infestation by removing or protecting any wood in contact with the soil. Inspect porches and other struclural or foundaiion wood for signs of lermiles. Look for and remove tree slumps, stored lum- ber, untreated fence posts, and buried scrap wood near the structure that may attract termites. Consult your local cify building codes before beginning re- pairs or modifications. Recent research has proved the effec- tiveness of foundaiion sand barriers for subterranean termite conlrol. Sand wilh particle sizes in the range of 10 to 16 mesh is used to replace soil around the foundation of a building and some- limes in the crawl space. Subterranean termites are unable lo conslruci their tunnels through the sand and iherefore cannot invade wooden stmctures rest- ing on the foundation- Stainless steel screening may also be available soon as a physical barrier for sublerranean termites. Replacing Lumber in Structures. Structural lumber in buildings is usu- ally Douglas fir, hemlock, or spruce. Of these materials, Douglas fir is moder- ately resistant to lermiles, whereas the other Iwo are not (Table 1). Lumber used in foundations and other wood in contact with the soil may be chemically Irealed to help protect againsl lermite damage in areas where building de- signs must be altered or concrete can- not be used The most effective method of chemi- cally treating wood is through pressure treatment. Chemicals currenlly used in pressurized treatments include chromated copper arsenate (CCA), ammoniacal coppier zinc arsenate (ACZA), disodium octoborate lelrahydrate (DOT), and wolman salts (sodium fluoride, potassium bichro- mate, sodium chromate, and dinitro- phenol). Wood conlaining CCA is tinted green and ACZA is brownish, DOT (borate) is clear in appearance on the wood surface when used at labeled - amounts. Borates are gaining in popu- lar usage because of their low mamma- lian toxicity. Many of the chemicals used in pressur- ized lumber can also be applied topi- cally to the wood by bmshing or spraying it on. Pressure treatment is preferred over topical application be- cause the chemical penetrates the lum- ber much deeper (V4 lo Vz inch) lhan it does when applied by bmsh or spray. Some of the more porous lumbers such as the southem yellow pines (loblolly- Pinus taeda; longleaf-P palustns; and shortleaf-P. echinala) may be com- pletely penetrated by the chemical during the pressurized process. Topical applications are most effedive when used as spiol treatments on pressure- treated lumber lo treat newly expiosed wood when the lumber is cut and drilled during constmction. Pressure-treated lumber is toxic to termiles and discourages new kings and queens from establishing colonies in it. If susceptible wood is used above the Irealed wood, however, sublerra- nean termites can build their sheller tubes over chemically treated wood and infest untreated wood above. Use only "exterior grade" pressure- treated lumber for areas thai are ex- posed to wealher, olherwise the chemical in the lumber mav leach from • 4 • May 2001 Termites the wood All topical treatments, espe- dally borates, that will be exposed lo weather, musl also have a sealer coal lo prevent leaching into the soil follow- ing rain. Because they conlain pesti- cides, disposal of treated lumber requires special handling. For more information on propter disposal of treated lumber, conlact your local Household Hazardous Wasle Collec- tion site. For the site nearest you, call 1-800-253-2687. Treating Lumber in Sfructures. Treat- ing infested lumber in a slructure re- quires drilling and injeding chemicals into the wood to reach the colony. Because of toxicity and complexity of use, most wood preservatives that are applied fo wood in a stmcture are professional-use only. Controlling Drywood Termites Drywood termite colonies are usually small and difficult to detect. Treat- ments for this pest include whole- slmcture applications of fumigants or heaf and localized or spol treatments of chemicals or treatments that use heal, freezing, microwaves, or electric- ity. Techniques lo prevent infestations of this spiedes include the use of chemicals, pressure-treated wood, barriers, and resistant woods. For more delails on these conlrol methods and their effectiveness, see Pesf Notes: Drywood Termites, listed in "Compiled From." Controlling Subterranean and Dampwood Termites Subterranean and dampwood lermiles in stmctures cannot be adequately controlled by fumigation, heat treal- ment, freezing, or termite electrocution devices because the reprodudives and nymphs are concentrated in nests near or below ground level in structures out of reach of these conlrol methods. The primary methods of controlling these termites are the application of insecfi- cides or bailing programs. Use of insecticides or baits should be supplemented wilh the destruction of their access points or nests. To facilitate control of subterranean lermiles, de- stroy their shelter lubes whenever pos- sible to interrupt acce.ss lo wooden subsi md ures and to open colonies to attack from nalural enemies such as anls For dampwood termites, if infes- tations are small, destroy accessible nests by removing infested wood. Re- moving excess moisture from wood will also destroy dampwood termite nests Insecticides, Insecliddes are applied to the soil either in drenches or by injec- tion. Special hazards are involved with applying insediddes to the soil around and under buildings and a licensed professional does these procedures best Applications in the wrong place can cause insecticide contamination of heating ducts, radiant heal pipes, or plumbing used for waler or sewage under the treated building. Soil typie, weather, and application techniques influence the mobility of insectiddes in the soil; soil-applied insedicides musl not leach ihrough the soil profile to contaminate groundwaier. In lhe past, chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides (e g., chlordane) and orga- nophosphates (chlorpyrifos) were ex- tensively used for lermite control but many of ihese materials have been phased oul because of health and envi- ronmental concerns. Aclive ingredients in currenlly available lermitiddes can be broadly classified as repellent or nonrepellent. Pyrethroids, such as permethrin and cypiermethrin (Dragnet and Demon), are considered to be re- pellent. This means lhat the termites are able to detect the insecticide, which basically serves as a barrier, and thev are repelled by it without receiving a dose thaf will kill them. Therefore, when using these materials il is impor- tant to make sure there are no gaps or breaches in the barrier. Also, any ad- joining stmctures must be monitored to ensure that the repelled termiles don't infest ihem. Recently introduced chemicals (imidacloprid and fipronil) are now available that are less loxic to humans and other mammals than the older inseclicides bul highly loxic lo insects. Both of these insecticides are also nonref)ellenl to termites and have been shown lo be effective in killing termites al low dosage rates under California's climatic conditions. Generally, the most effective insecticides are only available to licensed structural pesl control operators. Baiting. Bails for sublerranean termites are commerdally available in Califor- nia. While this method of controlling termites is very appealing because it does not require extensive site prepara- tion such as drilling or trenching and extensive applicafion of insectidde to the soil or strudure, research is still ongoing to develop the most effective baits and delivery systems. Several bait products (e g,, Sentricon with hexaflumuron and FirslLine with sulfluramid) are available for profes- sional use only. There is also an over- the-counter product (Terminate wilh sulfluramid) available in retail stores. Currenlly, bails are only available for subterranean termites, not drywciod or dampwood termites. Because subterra- nean termites in Califomia vary in their foraging and in the times lhat they will take baits, the placement of bail stations and the fime of installa- tion is a crucial component in a suc- cessful baiting program. Be sure to read and follow all the label directions for the product you use. Once a lermite infestation is controlled, it is essential that the bait stations continue to be monitored monthly. Spring is an espe- dally critical time to detect invasion by new colonies. Other Methods. Expierimental efforts have been made to control soil- dwelling termites using biological con- trol agents, including use of Argentine anls and nematodes. However, these methods are not yet effective enough to be recommended- COMPILED FROM: Lewis, V R. fuly 1997. Pest Notes: Drywood Termites. Oakland: Univ, Calif Agric Nat Res. Publ. 7440. Also available online at www ipm ucdavis edu • 5 • May 2001 Termites Marer, P. 1991 Resii/enfiij/, Industrial, and Institutional Pest Conlrol. Oakland: Univ. Calif Agric. Nat. Res Publ 3334 REFERENCES Potter, M. F, 1997, Termites In A. Mallis, ed. Handbook of Pesl Control, 8* ed, Cleveland: Franzak & Foster Co, Scheffrahn, R, H, N -Y, Su and P. Busey, 1997, Laboratory and field evaluafions of selected chemical treat- ments for conlrol of drywciod termites (Isoplera: Kalotermilidae), /. Econ, Entomol. 90:492-502, Online References California: CAL Termite Web page, www-cnr.berkeley.edu/ lewis Inlernalional: UNEP/FAO/Global 1PM Fadlily Workshop on Termite Biology and Management, www.chem unep.ch/ popis/pdf/termrpt pdf For more information contact the University of California Cooperative Extension or agri- cultural commissioner's office in your coun- ty. See your phone book for addresses and phone numtiers. AUTHOR (revision); V. R. Lewis. EDITOR: B. Ohlendod TECHNICAL EDITOR: M. L, Flint DESIGN AND PRODUCTION: M. Brush ILLUSTRATIONS: Figs. 1. 3. 4: D. Kidd; Fig. 2: Adapted from Termites and Other Wood- tntesting Insects. Oakland: UC DANR Leaf- let 2532; Fig. 5: Adapted from Maflis. A 1997. Handbook ol Pesl Controt. 81h ed Cleveland: Franzak 8 Foster Co Produced by IPM Education and Publica- tions. UC Slatewide IPM Projed. University of California. Davis. CA 95616-8620 This Pest Nofe is available on the Worid Wide Web (http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu) UC^'IPM This publication has been anonymously peer reviewed tor technical accuracy by University of CaWornia scientists and olher qualified protes- sionals. This revtew process vras managed l>y the ANR Associate Editor Ior Pest Management To simplify infoimation. trade names ol products have been used. No endocsement of nanned producis isintendcd.no* iser rtidsm implied of similar producis that are not mentioned. This material is partially based upon work supported by the Exiension Service. U S Departnnent ol Agriculture, under special project Seclion 3(d), Integrated Pest Management WARNING ON THE USE OF CHEI^ICALS PestickJes are poisonous. Always read and carefuHy foltow all precautions and satety recommendations given on Ihe container label Store an chemxrals in the original labeled containers in a locked cati'inet or shed. I away from food or leeds. and out ol the reach of chadren. unauthorized persons, pets, and livestock, etrn PS Confine chenMcals to Ihe properly being treated. Avoid drill ooto neighboring properties, especially CEiSMS gardens conlaining fruits or vegetables ready to be picked, Do not place containers containing pestickle in the Irash nor poor peslicides down sink or loilel Either use the pesficide according lo Ihe label or take unwanted pesticides to a Household Hazardous Waste Collection site. Contact your county agricullural commisstoner for additional informatton on safe container disposal and lor the tocation of Ihe Household Haraidous Wasle Collection site nearest you. Dispose of empty conlaners by toltowing label directions. Never reuse or bum the containers or dispose of them in such a mannei that ttiey may contaminate water supplies or natural walerways- REVIEWED The University of Calitornia prohibils disciiminalioo against or harassment of any person emptoyed by or seeking employment wilh Ihe UnhrersHy on the basis of race, color, national origin, refigton, sex. physical or mental disability, medical condition (cancer-related or genetic characteiisttos). ancestry, marital status, age. sexual orientaiion. citizenship, or status as a covered veieran (special disabted veteran, Vietnam-era veteran, or any other veteran who served oo active duty during a war or in a campaign or expedition for which a campaign badge has been authoiired), Uotversily policy is intended to be consislent wilh the provistons of appBcable Slale and f^ederat laws. Incjuiries regarding Ihe Unfversily's nondiscriminatioo polioes may be directed to Itie Attirmative Action/Staff Personnel Services Director. UniversHy of Calilornia, Agriculture and Natural Resources, 30O lakeside Dr . Oakland, CA 94607-5200: (510) 987 0096 Integrated Pest Management In and Around the Home Many people fear or dislike spiders bul, for the most part, spiders are ben- eficial because of their role as predators of insects and other arthropods, attd most cannot harm people. Spiders lhat might injure people—for example, black widows—generally spend most of their time hidden under furniture or boxes, or in woodpiles, corners, or crevices. The spiders commonly seen oul in the open during the day are unlikely to bile people, IDENTinCATION Spiders resemble insects and some- times are confused wilh them, but Ihey are arachnids, nol insects. Spiders have eight legs and two body parts—a head region (cephalothorax) and an abdo- men. They lack wings and antennae, Allhough spiders often are found on plants, they eat mainly insects, other spiders, and related arthropods, not plants. Most spiders have toxic venom, which they use to kill Iheir prey. How- ever, only those spiders whose venom lypically causes a serious reaction in humans are called "poisonous" spiders. Biack Widow Spider The black widow spider. Lafrodectus hesperus (Fig. 1). is the most common harmful spider in California. Venom from its bile can cause reactions rang- ing from mild to painful and serious, but death is very unlikely and many symptoms can be alleviated if medical treatment is obtained. Anyone bitten by this spider should remain calm and promptly seek medical advice; it is helpful if the offending spider can be caught and saved for identification. The typical adult female black widow has a shiny black body, slender black legs, and a red or orange mark in Ihe shape ofan hourglass on the underside ofthe large, round abdomen (Fig, 2), The body, excluding legs, is Vit to Vg inch long. The aduh male black widow is one-half lo two-thirds the length of the female, has a small abdomen, and is seldom noticed. The male black widow does possess venom, but ils fangs are too small to break human skin. The top side of ils abdomen is olive greenish gray with a pattern of cream-colored areas and one light- colored band going lengthwise down the middle. The hourglass mark on the underside of the atidomen typically is yellow or yellow orange and broad- waisted. The legs are banded with alternating light and dark areas. Con- trary lo popular belief, the female black widow rarely eats the male after mat- ing, bul may do so if hungry. Like males, young female black widow spi- ders are patterned on the top side. In the early stages they greatly resemble males, but gradually acquire the typi- cal female coloration wilh each shed- ding of the skin In intermediate stages they have Ian or cream-colored, olive gray, and orange markings on the lop side of the abdomen, a yellowish or- ange hourglass mark on the underside, and banded legs Only the larger im- mature female and adull female spi- ders are able lo bite through a person's skin and inject enough venom lo cause a painful reaction Webs and Egg Sacs. The web of the black widow is an irregular, tough- stranded, slicky cobweb mesh in which Ihe spider hangs with its underside up. During the day it oflen hides under an object at lhe edge of the web or stays in a silken retreat in the center. The black widow may msh out of its hiding place when the web is disturbed, especially if egg sacs are present. The egg sacs are mostly spherical, aboul 1/2 inch long and Vg inch in diameter, creamy yel- low to lighl lan in color, opaque, and tough and paperlike on Ihe surface, A female may produce several egg sacs. Tiny, young black widows, which are (actual size of body) Figure I, Adull black widow spider. nearly while in color, disperse lo new locations by ballooning and infest new areas. Where the Spiders Live. Black wido%v spiders occur in mosl parts of Califor- nia. They and their associated webs usually are found in dark. dry. shel- tered, relatively undisturbed places such as among piles of wood, rubbish, or stones; in culverts, hollow stumps, and old animal burrows; in garages, sheds, barns, crawl spaces, utility meter boxes, and outhouses; and some- times among plants. People are mosl likely lo be bitten when tbey disturb the spider while they are cleaning oul or picking up items in such places. A sensible precaution is to always wear gloves and a longsleeved shirt when working in areas lhat have been undis- turbed for a time and where there are good hiding places for spiders. Figure 2, Two variations of hourglass markings of black widow spider. Pubhcation 7442 University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources Revised May 2000 May 2000 Spiders Effects of I he Bite. The symptoms of a black widow bile are largely inlernal, little more than local redness and swelling may develop at lhe bite site The internal effects may range from mild to severe. Pain lends to spread from the bile to other parts of the body and muscular spasms may develop. In severe cases the abdominal muscles may become quite rigid, Olher effects can include profuse sweating, fever, increased blood pressure, difficulty breathing and speaking, restlessness, and nausea. Typically, the pain and other symptoms reach a maximum within a day ofthe bite, then gradually subside over the next 2 to 3 days. Most people who are bitten spend a few hours under observation by a physi- cian but do not develop symptoms severe enough to require treatment. Small children, the elderly, and per- sons with health problems are likely Io suffer some of the more severe conse- quences of the bite. Black widow biles are fairly common in California, Yellow Sac Spider The common house-dwelling agrarian sac or yellow sac spider. Cfieiracan- thiurrj incjusum, is a small spider that spins a silken sac web in the corners of ceilings and walls, and behind shelves and pictures; it is also commonly found outdoors in shrubbery. This spider is lighl yellow and has a slightly darker stripe on the upper middle of the abdomen (Fig 3). The eight eyes of this spider are all about equal in size and arranged in two horizontal rows (Fig. 4). Yellow sac spiders can be seen running on walls and ceilings at nighl and quickly drop to the floor lo escape if they are disturbed. Bites usually occur when thc spider becomes trapped against a person's skin in clothing or bedding. Il is estimated that sac spiders are responsible for more biles on people than any other spider. Typical symptoms of a bite include initial pain, redness, and sometimes swelling. A small blister may form, often breaking, leaving a sore that heals over a period of several weeks. Soreness near the bite may last for a few days to several weeks or may not occur al all. depend- ing on the individual, RecJuse Spiders Recluse spiders of Ihe genus Loxoscefes include the well-known brown recluse spider, L. reclusa. which does nol occur Spider Bites Unlike mosquitoes, spiders do not seek people in order to bite them Generally, a spider doesn't try to bite a person unless it has tieen squeezed, lain on, or similarly provoked to defend itself. Moreover, the jaws of most spiders are so small that the fangs cannot penelrate the skin of an adult person. Sometimes when a spider is disturbed in ils web, it may bite instinctively because it mistakenly senses that an insect has been caught. The severity ofa spider bile depends on faclors such as Ihe kind of spider, the amount of venom injected, and the age and health of the person bitten. A spider bile might cause no reaction at all, or it might result in varying amounts of itching, redness, stiffness, swelling, and pain—at worst, usually no more severe lhan a bee sting- Typically the symptoms persist from a few minutes to a few hours. Like reaclions lo bee slings, fiowever. people vary in Iheir responses to spider bites, so if Ihe bite of any spider causes an unusual or severe reaction, such as increasing pain or extreme swelling, contact a physician, liospital, or poison control cenier (in California, the number is 1 800 876 4766 or 1-800 8 POISON). Sometimes a person may not be aware of having been bitten until pain and other symploms begin lo develop. Other species of arthropods whose biles or stings may be mistaken for that of a spider include ticks, fleas, bees, wasps, bedbugs, mosquitoes, the conenose (kissing) bug (Tnaloma protracta), deer flies, horse flies, and water bugs (Lelbocerus spp ). For firsl aid treatment ofa spider bile, wash the bite, apply an antiseptic to prevent infection, and use ice or ice water lo reduce swelling and discomfort. If you receive a bite that causes an unusual or severe reaction, contact a physician. Ifyou catch the critter in the act. caplure it for identification, preserve it (or whatever parts of it remain), and take it to your county UC Cooperative Extension ofTice If no one there can identify it ask ihat it be forwarded lo a qualified arachnologisi Figure 3. Adult yellow sar spider. Figure 4, Head region of recluse spider (left) and yellow sac spider (right). Note the arrangements of the eyes: the recluse spider has six eyes arranged in three pairs and the yellow sac spider has eight eyes arranged in two rows of four. in California- While the brown recluse has occasionally been brought into California in household furnishings, firewood, and motor vehicles, it does not reside in the stale. However, an- other recluse spider. Ihe Chilean re- cluse spider (L, laeia), was introduced into Los Angeles County in the late 1960s- In Chile. South America it is known to have a bile that is loxic to humans. The native recluse spider of California (L. deserta) is found in the desert regions of southern California and neighboring states. Its bite can cause problems, but it js not as toxic as thai of the Chilean recluse. In any case, bites from eilher species are rare. Both the native desert recluse spider and the Chilean recluse spider occur princi- pally in the drier areas of southern California. Recluse spiders can have a violin- shaped mark (with the neck of the vio- lin pointing backward) on the top side ofthe head region (cephalothorax). However. Ihe mark is not always dis- tinct, so it should not be used as an identifying character. A unique feature of recluse spiders is their six eyes, ar- ranged in pairs in a semicircle (Fig, 4). - 9 May 2000 Spiders which can be seen with the use of a good hand lens Most other spiders have eight eyes All recluse spiders make large, irregu- lar, flattened, cobweb type webs wilh thick strands extending in all direc- tions. These spiders avoid lighl, are active at night, and tend to build their webs in out-of-the-way places. Chilean recluse spiders may be found indoors in boxes, in corners, behind pictures, in old clothing hanging undisturbed, and in olher similar places. Desert recluse spiders appear outdoors where they may be found under rocks or wood, A person bitten by a recluse spider may not be aware of having been bil- len at Itie time of the bite The first symploms oflen appear several hours later. They consist of pain, formation of a small blister, redness, and swelling al thc bite site. In the days following the initial bite, the tissue dies and sloughs off, expiosing underlying flesh. The area develops into an open sore that is very slow to heal and may leave a sunken scar after healing There may be accompanying flulike effects such as nausea, fever, chills, and restlessness. Biles from brown recluse spiders have never been confirmed in California. More detailed information on these spiders is available in Pest Notes; Brown Recluse and Offier Recluse Spiders. listed in the "Suggested Reading" section Other Spiders In addition to the spiecies mentioned above, there are only a few other spe- cies of spiders in California that may on occasion bite humans. (Remembier. if the bite of any spider causes an un- usual or severe reaction, contact a physician.) One kind of red and black Jumping spider, Phidippus johnsoni. may bite if it is disturbed, but the bites are usually not serious. The female spiders are black wilh red on the top side of the abdomen whereas the males are all red- These spiders range in size from '''4 to Vz inch long Tarantulas are long-lived spiders lhat occupy burrows in the ground during Ihe day but oflen come out at night lo hunt insects near the burrow They commonly are feared because of iheir large size and hairy appearance Some poisonous tarantulas occur in tropical parts of the world- but the bites of Cali- fornia tarantulas are not likely to be serious—at worst, Ihey are similar lo a bee sting. The hobo spider. Tegenaria agrestis, also called Ihe aggressive house spider, is a common spider in the Pacific Northwest It builds funnel-shaped webs in dark, moist areas such as base- ments, window wells, wood piles, and around the pierimeler of homes. It is a large (I to IV4 inch, including legs), fast-running brown spider with a her- ringbone or multiple chevron pattem on the lop of the abdomen. Biles mosl commonly occur when a person picks up firewood wilh a spider on il or when a spider finds its way into clothing or bedding. Reaclions to bites of the hobo spider are similar to those caused by brown recluse spiders. The major difference between the rwo is that sometimes Ihe bile of the hobo spider is accompanied by a severe headache that does not respond to aspirin. The hobo spider has not been documented in California, bul it has been documented as expanding its range into other states lhat fxirder Washington and Oregon One spider frequently found indoors is the common house spider, Achaearanea fepjdarioruni (Fig. 5). which makes a cobweb in corners of rooms, in win- dows, and in similar places. Another is the marbled cellar spider. Holocnemus p/uc/jei. which was introduced into the state in the 1970s and has since dis- placed the once common longbodied cellar spider. Pholcus pha/angioides (Fig, 6). a longlegged spider lhal re- sembles a daddy-longlegs. These spi- ders are incapable of biting humans because their fangs are loo short to pierce people's skin; they primarily cause problems by producing messy cobwebs- Various kinds of small hunting spiders may wander indoors and occasionally, rather large, hunting-type spiders are discovered in homes or garages. Often these are fully grown wolf spider or tarantula males thai have reached ma turity and are searching for females. When these spiders are wandering, one vT (actual size of body) Figure 5, Adult cominon house spider- factual size of body) Figure 6- Adult longbodied cellar spider. or more may accidentally get indoors. New houses and olher stmdures in developments may be invaded by wolf spiders that have lost their usual out- door living places. The more insects there are inside a building, the more likely it is lo have spiders living there. Usually spiders are mosl abundant in fall following the first few rains of the season. Immature and adult female burrow-living spiders sometimes wan- der for a time during the rainy season if they have had to abandon wet burrows. MANAGEMENT Remember that spiders are primarily beneficial and iheir activities should lie encouraged in Ihe garden. Pesticide control is difficult and rarely neces- sary. The best approach to controlling spiders in and around the home is to remove hiding spiots for reclusive spi- ders such as black widows and regu- larly clean webs off the house with brushes and vacuums, Prevenfion and Nonchemical Control Spiders may enter houses and other structures through cracks and other openings. They also may be carried in on items like plants, firewood, and boxes. Regular vacuuming or sweeping of windows, corners of rooms, storage areas, basements, and olher seldomly used areas helps remove spiders and their webs. Vacuummg spiders ran be May 2000 Spiders an effective control technique because Iheir sofl bodies usually do not sur^'ive this process Indoors, a web on which dust has gathered is an old web that is no longer being used by a spider. Individual spiders can also be removed from indoor areas by placing a jar over them and slipping a piece of paper under the jar that then seals off Ihe opiening of the jar when it is lifted up. To prevent spiders from coming in- doors, seal cracks in the foundation and other parts of the structure and gaps around windows and doors. Good screening not only will keep out many spiders but also will discourage them by keeping out insecls lhat they must have for food. In indoor storage areas, place boxes off the floor and away from walls, when- ever possible, to help reduce their use- fulness as a hartxirage for spiders. Sealing the boxes with tape will pre- vent spiders from taking up residence within. Clean up clutter in garages, sheds, basements, and olher slorage areas. Be sure to wear gloves to avoid accidental biles. For more information contact Ihe University of Califomia Cooperafive Exiension or agri- cultural commissioner's office in your courv ty. See your pfione book for addresses and ptione numbers. CONTRIBUTORS: R. Veller. P O Connor- Marer. E. Mussen, L. Allen. K Daane. G HkJunan. A- Slater, P. Phillips, R. Hanna EDITOR: B, Ohiendorf TECHNICAL EDITOR: M. L. Flint DESIGN AND PRODUCTION: M Bnjsh ILLUSTf^TIONS; Fig. 3: J L. Lockwood; Fig 5 V. Winemiller PRODUCED BY IPM Education and Publi- cations. UC Statewide IPM Project. Univer- sity of Cafifomia. Davis, CA 95616-8620 This Pest Note is available on the World Wide Web (hHp://vvww,ipm,ucdavis-edu) To simplify information, trade names of products have been used. No endorsemenl ol named prod- ucts IS intended, nor is criticism implied ol similar products that are nol mentioned. This material is partially based upon woili supported by the Exiension Service. U S Oepartmenl ol Agri. culture, under special project Section 3(d). Integrat- ed Pesl Management. Ouldcxirs, eliminate places for spiders to hide and build their webs by keep- ing Ihe area next to the foundation free of trash, leaf litter, heavy vegetation, and other accumulations of materials Trimming plant growth away from the house and olher structures will dis- courage spiders from first taking up residence near the structure and then moving indoors. Outdoor lighting at- tracts insects, which in turn attracts spiders. If possible, keep lighting fix- tures off structures and away from windows and doorvvays. Sweep, mop. hose, or vacuum webs and spiders off buildings regularly. Insecticides will not provide long-term control and should nol generally be used against spiders outdoors ChemicaJ Control Typically piesticide conlrol of spiders is difficult unless you actually see the spider and are able to spray it. There are various insecticides available in retail outlets labeled for spider control, including pyrethrins. resmethrin, al- lethrin, or combinalions of these prod- ucts Avoid products containing chlorpyrifos or diazinon because they have been implicated in storm waler contamination, Ifyou spray a spider, it will be killed only if the spray lands directly on il; the spray residual does not have a long-lasting effect. This means a spider can walk over a sprayed surface a few days (and in many cases, a few hours) after treal menl and not be affected Control by spraying is onty temporary unless ac- companied by housekeeping. It is just as easy and much less loxic to crush the spider with a rolled up newspaper or your shoe or to vacuum it up. Sorptive dusts containing amorphous silica gel (silica aerogel) and pyre- thrins, which can be applied by profes- sional pest control applicators only, may be useful in certain indoor situa- tions. Particles of Ihe dusl affect the outer covering of spiders (and also insects) lhat have crawled over a treated surface, causing them to dry out When applied as a dusllike film and left in place, a sorptive dust pro- vides piermanent protection against spiders. The dust is mosl advanta- geously used in cracks and crevices and in allies, wall voids, and other enclosed or unused places, COMPILED FROM: Barr, B. A,. G W, Hickman, and C. S. Koehler. 1984. Spiders. Oakland; Univ. Calif Div- Agric- Nat Res Leaflet 2531 SUGGESTED READING Akre, R, D . and E P Calls 1992 Spiders. Pullman: Wash State Univ.. Cooperalive Exiension Publ. EBl548. Hedges. S. A., and M S. Lacey. 1995, Field Guide for fhe Managemenl of Urban Spiders. Cleveland: Franzak and Foster Co, Marer. P, 1991, Residential. Industrial, and Institutional Pest Control. Oakland: Univ. Calif Div, Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 3334 Veller, R. 5. Jan 2000 Pesl Notes; Brown Recluse and Olher RecJuse Spiders. Oakland: Univ, Calif Div Agric, Nat. Res Publ, 7468 Also avaitable onhne at: hitp /Avww ipm ucdavis edu/PMC/ sekclnewpest.bome.himl WARNING ON THE USE OF CHEMICALS Pesticides are poisonous, Ahvays read and carefully foltow all piecautions and safefy recommendations given on Ihe corta»ier label. Store all chemicals in the original labeled containers in a tocked cabinet or sfied, away Irom food or feeds, and out of lhe reach of children, unauthorized persons, pels, and livestock Confine chemicals to the property being treated, Avotd drift onto neightioring properties, especially gardens conlainfng fruits and/or vegetables ready lo be picked. Dispose of emply containers carefully Foltow label instructtons for disposal. Never reuse the containers. Make sure empty conlainers are not accessible to chikiren or animals. Never dispose of containers where they may contaminate watei supplies or nalural waterways. Do not pour down sink or toilet. ConsuK yoor county agrcullural commisstoner lor correct ways of disposing of excess pesticides. Never burn pesttoide conlainers. The University of Catifornia prohibits drscriminalkm againsl or harassment of any person employed by or seeking emptoyment with the University on the liasis of race, cotor, national origin, religion, sex, physical ot mental disability, medical condition (cancer-related or genetic characteristics), ancestry, marital status, age. sexual orientation, citizenship, or stalus as a covered veteian (special disabled veteran, Vietnarn-era veteran, or any otber veteran vrho served on aclive duty during a war or in a campaign or expedition lor wfifch a campaign badge has been aulhoiized). University Policy is intended lo be consistent with the provistons ol applicable Slale and Federal laws Inquiries regarding Ihe University s nondiscrimination polides may be directed to the AITirmalive Aclbn/Stall Personnel Services Director, Univeisity ol Calitornia. Agriculture and Natural Resources, 1111 Franklin. 6ih Floor. Oakland. CA 94607.5?00. (510) 987-0096 il ... SNAILS AND SLUGS Integrated Pest Management for the Home Gardener Figure 1. Brown garden snail. Snails and slugs are among the most bothersome pesls in many garden and landscape situations. The brown gar- den snail {Hetix aspersa) (Fig 1), is the most common snail causing prob- lems in Califomia gardens; it was in- troduced from France during the 1850s for use as food. Several spedes of slugs arc frequently damaging, including the gray garden slug {Peroceras reticulatum) (Fig, 2), the banded slug {Umax poirieri) and the greenhouse slug {Milax gagales) Bolh snails and slugs are members of the mollusk phylum and are similar in stmcture and biology, except slugs lack the snail's exlemal spiral shell. IDENTIFICATION AND BIOLOGY Snails and slugs move by gliding along on a muscular "foot." This muscle constantly secretes mucus, which later dries fo form the silvery "slime trail" lhat signals the presence of these pests. Adult brown garden snails lay aboul 80 spherical, pearly white eggs at a lime into a hole in Ihe topsoil. They may lay eggs up to six times a year, ll lakes aboul 2 years for snails to mature. Slugs reach maturity in about a year Snails and slugs are most active at night and on cloudy or foggy days. On sunny days they seek hiding places out of the heat and sun, often the only clues to their presence are their sil- very trails and plant damage. In mild- winter areas such as in southem Califomia and in coastal locations, young snails and slugs are active ihroughoul the year. During cold weather, snails and slugs hibernate in the topisoil. During hot, dry periods, snails seal themselves off with a parchmentlike membrane and offen attach themselves lo Iree Imnks, fences, or walls DAMAGE Snails and slugs feed on a variety of living plants as well as on decaying plant mailer. On plants they chew irregular holes wilh smooth edges in leaves and can clip succulent plant parts. They can also chew fruit and young plant bark. Because they prefer succulent foliage, lhey are primarily fiests of seedlings, herbaceous plants, and ripening fruits, such as strawber- ries, artichokes, and tomatoes, lhat are close fo the ground. However, they will also feed on foliage and fmit of some trees; citrus are espedally susceptible to damage. MANAGEMENT A good snail and slug managemenl program relies on a combination of methods. The firsl slep is lo elimi- nate, to the extent possible, all places where snails or slugs can hide during the day. Boards, stones, debris, weedy areas around tree tmnks, leafy branches growing close to the ground, and dense ground covers such as ivy are ideal sheltering spols. There will be shelters that are not possible to eliminale — e g,, low ledges on fences, tfie undersides of wooden decks, and water meter boxes. Make a regular practice of re- moving snails and slugs in ihese ar- eas. Also, locale vegetable gardens or susceptible planis as far away as pios- sible from these areas, Redudng hid- ing places allows fewer snails and slugs to survive. Tfie survivors con- gregate in the remaining shelters, where lhey can more easily be lo- cated and controlled- Also, switching from sprinkler irrigation lo drip irriga- Figure 2. Cray garden slug. , PEST fSjoTFs Publication 74^27 University of California Division of Agriculture and NIatural Resources reviseci August 1 999 August 1999 Snails and Slugs Figure 3. A snail trap can be made from a board wilh 1 -inch risers. tion will reduce humidity and moisl sutfaces, making the habitat less fa- vorable for these pests. Handpicking Handpicking can be very effedive if done thoroughly on a regular basis. At first il should be done daily; after the population has noliceably declined, a weekly handpicking may be suffident. To draw out snails, water the infesled area in the late aftemoon After dark, search them out using a flashlight, pick them up (rubber gloves are handy when slugs are involved), place them in a plastic bag, and dispose of them in the trash; or lhey can be put in a bucket with soapy water and then dispiosed of in your compiost pile. Al- ternatively, captured snails and slugs can be cmshed and lelt in the garden Traps Snails and slugs can be Irappied under boards or flower pots piosilioned throughout the garden and landscape You can make traps from 12" x 15" boards (or any easy-to-handle size) raised off the ground by l-inch mn- ners (Fig- 3)- The mnners make it easy for the piesis lo crawl underneath. Scrape off the accumulated snails and slugs daily and destroy them. Crush- ing is the mosf common method of destmction. Do nol use salt lo destroy snails and slugs; it will increase soil salinity. Beer-bailed traps have been used lo trap and drown slugs and snails; however, they attract slugs and snails wilhin an area of only a few feet, and musi be refilled every few days to keep the level deep enough to drown the mollusks. If using beer, it is more effective fresh than flat. Traps must have vertical sides lo keep the snails and slugs from crawling out- Snail and slug traps can also be pur- chased at garden supply stores. Barriers Several lypes of barriers will keep snails and slugs out of planting beds. The easiest lo mainlain are those made with copper flashing and screens. Copper barriers are effective because it is thought that the copper reads with the slime that the snail or slug secretes, causing a flow of elec- Iridty. Vertical coppier screens can be erected around planling fieds. The screen should be 6 inches tall and buried several inches below the soil to prevent slugs from crawling be- neath the soil, Coppier foil (for example, Snail-Barr) can tie wrappied around planting iKixes, headers, or trunks to repel snails for several years. When band- ing Imnks, wrap the copper foii around the tmnk, tab side down, and cut it lo allow an 8-inch overlap. At- tach one end or the middle of the band to the trunk with one staple oriented parallel lo the trunk Overlap and fasten the ends wilh one or two large papier clips to allow the copper band to slide as the trunk grows Bend the tabs out at a 90 degree angle from the trunk. The bands need to be cleaned occasionally. When using coppier bands on planter boxes, be sure the soil wilhin the boxes is snail- free before applying bands If it is not, handpick the snails and slugs from the soil afler applying lhe band until the box is free of these pests. Instead of copp>er bands, Bordeaux mixture (a copper sulfate and hy- drated lime mixture) can be bmshed on tmnks to repiel snails. One treat- ment should last aboul a year. Adding a commeraal spreader may increase the piersislence of Bordeaux mixture ihrough two seasons. Sticky material (such as Stickem Green, which con- tains copper) apptied to tmnks ex- cludes snails, slugs, ants, and flightless species of weevils. Barriers of dry ashes or diatomaceous earth heaped in a band I inch high and 3 inches wide around the garden have also been shown lo be effective How- ever, these barriers lose their effec- tiveness after liecoming damp and are therefore difficult to maintain Natural Enemies Snails and slugs have many natural enemies, including ground beelles, pathogens, snakes, toads, turtles, and birds (including ducks, geese, and chickens), but they are rarely effec- tive enough to provide satisfactory control in the garden A predaceous snail, the decollate snaii (Rumina decollala) has been released in south- ern California cilrus orchards for con- trol of the brown garden snail and is providing very effective biological control. It feeds only on small snails, nof full-sized ones. Because of the potential impact of the decollate snail on certain endangered mollusk spe- cies, it cannot be released outside of Fresno, Imperial, Kem, Los Angeles, Madera, Orange, Riverside, Santa Bar- bara, San Bernardino, San Diego, Ventura, or Tulare counties in Califor- nia. Also, decollate snails may feed on seedlings, small plants, and flowers as well as be a nuisance when they cover the back patio on a nusty dau August 1999 Snails and Slugs Baits Snail and slug baits can be effective when used properly in conjunction wilh a cultural program incorporating the olher methods discussed above. Baits will kill decollate snails if lhey are present. Metaldehyde or metaldehyde/car- baryl snail baits can be hazardous and should not be used where chil- dren and piets cannot be kept away from them A recently registered snail and slug bail, iron phosphate (Sluggo or Escar-Go), has the advantage of being safe for use around domestic animals and wildlife. Never pile bait in mounds or clumps, esp>ecialty those bails that are hazard- ous, because piling makes a bail attractive to pets and children Place- ment of the bait in a commerdal bait Irap reduces hazards lo pels and chil- dren and can proted baits from mois- ture, but may also reduce their effediveness- Thick liquid baits may persist beller under condilions of rain and sprinklers. for more informaiion contact the University of California Coopeiative Extension or agii- culluial commissioner's office in your coun- iy. See your phone bcxik for addiesses and phone numbeis. CONTRIBUTORS: } Kailik, P. Phillips, and N Sakovich IlLUSTRATIONS: Figs.l, 2-Valerie Winemuller; fig. 3-OANR Leaflet 2530 EDITOR: B. Ohiendorf TECHNICAI EDITOR; M. L, flint DESICN AND PRODUCTION: M. Brush PRODUCED BY IPM Education and Publica- tions, UC Slatewide fPM Projecf, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8620. This Pest Note is available on tbe World Wide Web (http://www,tpm,acifavis.rdu) UC4'IPM To simplilv- informatton, trade names of products have bren used. No endoisemenl ol named products is inlended, nor is (rilicism implied of similar prod- ucis lhal die nol menfioned. This maienal is panially based upon worl supported byihefxIenstonSen/ice, U S Oepanmern of Agricul lure, under special pioject Seclion 3id), tnlegiaied Pest Managerrienr The liming of any bailing is critical; baiting is less eflective during very hot, very dry, or cold times of the year because snails and slugs are less active during these periods, Irrigale before applying a bail lo promote snail activity. Make spot applications instead of widespread applications. Apply bait in a narrow strip around sprinklers or in other moist and pro- tected locations or scatter it along areas lhat snails and slugs cross to get from sheltered areas lo the garden. Ingestion of the iron phosphate bait, even in smaD amounts, will cause snails and slugs to cease feeding, al- lhough it may lake several days for the snails to die, frcxn phosphate bait can t>e scattered on lawns or on the soil around any vegetables, ornamen- tals, or fruit trees lo be protected. It breaks down less rapidly than metaldehyde and may remain effec- tive for several weeks, even after irri- gation. Avoid getting metaldehyde bait on plants, espedally vegetables. Baits containing only metaldehyde are reli- able when conditions are dry and hot or following a rain when snails and slugs are active, Metaldehyde does nol kill snails and slugs direclly un- less lhey eat a substantial amount of it; rather, it stimulates their mucous- producing cells to overproduce mucous in an attempt to detoxify the bait- The cells eventually fail and the snail dies- When it is sunnv or hoi, they die from desiccation. If it is cool and wet, they may recover if they ingest a sublelhal dose. Do not water heavily for af least 3 or 4 days after bait placement; watering will reduce effectiveness and snails may recover from metaldehyde pioisoning if high moisture conditions occur. Metalde- hyde breaks down rapidly when ex- piosed to sunlight; however. Deadline, a sf>ecial formulation of metaldehyde, does not. Deadline holds up well in wet wealher and does nol have the problem with sublethal doses that olher metalde-hyde bails have COMPILED FROM Dreistadt, S, H,, J. K Clark, and M L. Flint- 1994, Pesfs of Landscape Trees and Shrubs: Art Inlegraled Pesl Manage- ment Guide. Oakland: Univ Calif Div, Agric. and Nal. Resources, Publica- tion 3359, Flint, M, L, 1998- Pesfs ofthe Garden and Small Farm: A Grower's Guide to Using Less Pestidde, 2nd ed, Oakland: Univ. Calif Div. Agric. and Nat. Re- sources, Publication 3332. Hesketh, K, A, and W, S. Moore. 1979. Snails and Slugs in the Home Garden. Oakland: Univ, Calif Div, Agric and Nal. Resources, Leaflet 2530, WARNING ON THE USE OF CHEMICAIS Pesticides are poisonous. Always read and carefully follow all precauttons and safety recommendaiions given on Ihe conla.ne. label. Store all chemicals in Ihe origiral labeled containers in a locked cabinel or shed away horn (ood or leeds, and out of the leach of children, unauthorized persons, pels, and livestock Contine chemicals lo Ihe piopeity being Irealed. Avoid drill onto neighboiing properlies especially Ra.dens containing fruits and/or vegetables ready to be picked- Oispose of emply comainerscarefully follow label instruclions lor disposal. Never reuse iheconlaine.s Make sure empty containeis aie not accessible to childien or animals. Never dispose ol containeis where lhey may conlarnmate waler suppl« or nalural walerways Do not pout down sink oi loilel Consull your counfy ag.iculluialcommrssionei foicorrecl ways of disposing ol excess pestic ides. Never burn pesticide containers The Univeisily of California prohibils discriminalton agamsl or ha.assment of any person emptoyed by o. seeling emptoymem w«h the Unhieisily on the basis of lace, cotoi, nattonal origin, rdigton, se. physical o. menial disability, medical condition Icancer-.elaiedor genetic cha.acteiislicsi. ancestry marital stalus age sexual o.iemaiKin. citizenship, or sialus as a covered veteran ispecial disabled veteran Vietnam era veleian o. any other veteran who served on active duty dunng a war o. in a campaign or exped.lion fo, which a campaign badge has been authorized! Universiiv Poiicv is inlended lo be consistent wilh Ihe provisions ol applicable Slale and fedeial laws Inquiries regarding lhe Univeisity's nondisciiminalion policies mav be diiecied lo lhe Allirmalive Action/Stall Personnel Services D.iecio-. linivers.iv ol California. Agnculluie and Nalur,>l Resouices, 1111 franklin, blh floor, Oakland. CA 94607 S200 ISIO) 987 009b ROSES IN THE GARDEN AND LANDSCAPE: INSECT AND MITE PESTS AND BENEFICIALS Integrated Pest Management for Home Gardeners and Landscape Professionals Roses are among the most intensively managed plants in many home land- scapes Part of this intensive manage- menf is the frequent application of pestiddes. However, while inseds and mites may attack roses from time lo time, many rose enthusiasts are able to maintain vigorous plants and produce high qualily blooms wilh little or no use of inseclicides, espe- dally in California's dry interior val- leys. The key is careful selection of varieties, which vary significantly in susceptibility to insect and disease problems, gocxi attention to appropri- ate cultural pradices, and occasional handpicking or using water to spray away pesls. Keep an eye out for rising populations of nalural enemies that often rapidly reduce the numbers of aphids, mites, and other pests. For management of diseases see UC IPM Pest Notes Publication 7463, Roses in the Garden and Landscape: Diseases and Abiotic Disorders, and for general tips on cultural practices and weed control, see UC IPM Pest Notes Publica- tion 7465, Roses in the Garden and Landscape: Cultural Practices and Weed Control COMMON INSECT AND MITE PESTS Aphids are the most common insect pests on roses. The actual species involved depends on where the roses are grown in the state and includes the rose aphid, Macrosiphum rosae, the potato aphid, M. euphorbiae, and the cotton aphid. Aphis gossypii among others. Aphids favor rapidly growing tissue such as buds and shoots. Low to moderate levels of aphids do lillle damage to plants, although many gardeners are concemed with their very presence. Moderate to high piopulations can secrete copious amounls of honey- dew, resulting in the growth of scxity mold, which blackens leaves. Very high numbers may kill buds or reduce flower size. Aphids have many natural enemies including lady beetles, soldier beelles, and syrphid flies (see the section on Common Natural Enemies) that may rapidly reduce increasing populations. Keep ants out of bushes with sticky barriers or Iraps lo im- prove biological control. Lady beetles often increase in numljer when aphid populations are high. The convergent lady beelle is sold at nurseries for release against aphids and may reduce numbers when properly released. Releasing green lacewings against the rose aphid has not been shown lo offer significant control in research trials. A naturally occurring fungal palhogen may conlrol aphids when conditions are wet or humid. In most areas aphids are normally a problem for only about 4 to 6 weeks in spring and early summer before high summer temperatures reduce their numbers. In many landscape situations, knocking aphids off wilh a forceful spray of water early in the day is all lhal is needed to supplement nalural control, Insectiddal soaps or neem oil can also be used lo increase mortality of aphids with only moderate impaci on nalural enemies, Aphids are easy to control with insecliddes such as lhe foliar syslemic acephate (Orlhene) or malathion, but such applications are seldom necessary. Soil-applied sys- temic insecticides may be effective bul are not usually necessary. Insects and Miles Tbat Cause Leaves io Stipple or Yellow Spider miles, Tetranychus spp., cause leaves lo be stippled or bleached, often wilh webbing, or lhey may cause leaves to dry up and fall. They are tiny (aboul the size of the period at Ihe end of ihis sentence) and are best seen with the use of a hand lens. High numbers are usually assodated wilh dry, dusty concUtions, Spider mite numbers may greatly increase if their many nalural enemies are killed by broad- spectrum insecticides applied for other fiests. For instance, applications of carbaryl (Sevin) applied to conlrol olher fiests are frequently followed by an increase in mile piopulations. Conserving natural enemies, provid- ing sufficient irrigation, and redudng dusl may all help control miles. Over- head irrigation or periodic washing of leaves wilh water can tie very effec- tive in reducing mite numbers. If Irealmenl is necessary, spider miles can tie controlled with insedicidal soap, horticultural oil, or neem oil. Releases of predator miles have been used in some situations. Rose leafhopper, Edwardsianna rosae, causes stippling larger than mile stip- pling but tends (o be a problem only in certain PEST NOTES Publication 74GG University of California Division of Agriculture and NIatural Resources September 1 999 Sepiember 1999 Roses: Insect and Mile Pesls and Beneficials localities Cast skins and the ab- sence of webbing on the underside of leaves is a good indication that these pests are present. Plants can tolerate moderate stippling. Use an insecticidal soap if an infeslalion is severe. Insecls That Distort or Discolor Blossoms Thrips. Western flower thrips, Fran- kliniella occidentalis, and Madrone ihrips, Thrips madroni, cause injury primarily lo rose flowers, causing blossom pietals to streak with brown or become dislorted. The tiny yellow or biack thrips inseds can be found wilhin the blos- soms. Thrips probtems are more likely to be severe where many rose bushes located close to- gether provide a continuously bloom- ing habitat. Fragrant, light-colored or while roses are most oflen attacked and can be severely damaged. Culti- vars wilh sepals lhat remain tightly wrapped around the bud until blooms open have fewer problems. In most home garden and landscapie situa- tions, thrips can be tolerated. Fre- quent clipping and disposal of spent blooms may reduce thripis problems. Conlrol wilh insedicides is difficult because materials are mostly effective on early developmental stages, which are commonly found wilhin buds or flowers where most piestidde applica- tions cannoi pienetrate. It should be noted that westem flower thrips can have a beneficial role as a predator of spider mites. Insects That May Cheiv Blossoms and/or Leaves Fuller rose beetle, Adulls of Fuller rose beelle, Asynonychus godmani, chew flowers and foliage leaving notched or ragged edges. Adull beetles are pale brown wee- ]!J vils that are aboul ffim u\ 3/8 inch long. They vfffl ' flightless and I laciual ^'-ffll" 5 hide during the day, ^ oflen on the under- sides of leaves; feeding takes place at nighl. The larvae are root feeders but do not seriously damage roses Low numbers can be ignored; otherwise, handpick the tieetles off the plant, use sticky material on stems, and trim branches thai create bridges lo walls and other plants. The adulls are diffi- cult lo control with insedicides be- cause lhey have a long emergence period that goes from June to Novem- ber, Parasitic nematodes may t>e help- ful if applied to the soil in early to midsummer. Hoplia beetle, Hoplia callipyge, is about 1 /4 inch long and chews holes mostly in tfie pietals of open flowers. It is primarily a problem in the Cenlral Valley from Sacramento soulh lo Bakersfield. The hoplia beelle prefers feeding on light-colored roses (white, pink, apricol, and yellow) but does not damage leaves. Larvae are root feeders but do not feed on the roots of rose plants. There is only one genera- I Aiit^l\Y\ ^ year and ^kt\l')i ' damage is usually confined to a 2- to 4-week period in lale spring. Adult hoplia beelles can be handpicked or infesled rose blooms clipped off planis. Sprays are not very effective and should not be necessary in a garden situation. t^lual sire) (length of bee) Leafcutter bees, Megachile spp., cul semicircular holes in the margins of leaves and carry leaf malerial back to use in lining their nesls. Bees are impor- tant pollinators and should not be killed. Tolerate this pest as there are no effective controls Rose curculio, Merhynchiles spp., is a red to black snout weevil aboul 1/4 inch long that prefers yellow and white roses. It punch- es holes in flowers and buds and may create ragged holes in blossoms or kill the develop- ing bud If weevils are numerous, terminal shoots may be killed as well. Larvae feed within buds, oflen killing them before lhey opien. Handpick adults off plants and destroy infested buds, A broad-spectmm insec- ticide can be applied to kill adults if the infestation is severe. Caterpillars such as orange lortrix, tussock moth, fmittree leafroller, lent caterpillar, and omnivorous looper may feed on rose leaves; some of these cat- erpillars may also tie leaves wilh silk- Damage is usually not severe and treat- ment nof usually necessary. Handpick or clip out rolled leaves. Small leaf- feeding caterpillars can be kilted with an application of fhe microbial insecti- dde Bacillus thuringiensis. Some cater- pillars, like the tobacco budworm, may occasionally bore into flower buds. Look for the caterpillar or ils frass in- side. Pmne and destroy damaged buds. Rose slug, Endelomyia aethiops, is the black to pale green, sluglike larva of a sawfly. Unlike pear slug, this species has apparent legs and looks like a cat- erpillar. Young larvae skeletonize fhe lower leaf surface while mature larvae chew large holes in leaves. These pests have many natural ene- mies. They may be washed off with a strong slream of water or killed with an applicalion of insectiddal soap, {Bacillus thuringiensis will not work because these are wasp larvae and not the larvae of butterflies or molhs ) Insects That Cause Canes to Die Back Flatheaded borers, Chrysobolhris spp., may kill canes or an entire planl. Larvae are while and up lo 1 inch long with enlarged heads. Adult beelles do not significantly damage lacual roses. Eggs tend lo be laid size) on stressed rose plants, especially in bark wounds caused by sunburn or Septennber 1999 Roses: Insect and Mite Pests and Beneficials disease. Remove and destroy infesled malerial and keep plants heallhy by providing sufficient irrigation and avoiding excessive summer pruning. Raspberry homtail, Hartigia cressoni, larvae are white, segmented caterpil- lars up lo 1 inch long thaf can cause tips of canes to wilt and die in spring, reducing second cycle blooms. Adulls are wasplike, black or black and yel- low, and aboul 1/2 inch long, Inspiecl canes in spring (mid-April to mid- June) for egg laying incisions or swell- ings caused by larvae and cut them off below the infestation, Pmne off infest- ed canes until heallhy pith ts found. tactual size) Scale insects including rose scale, Aulacaspis rosae, and San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus perniciosus, are CKca- sionally the cause of cane decline or dieback when numbers are high. These armored scales can be ob- served on canes as small, grayish, round lo oval encrusta- tions, ranging in size from 1/8 to 1/4 inch. These in- sects have no legs or an- tennae for mosl of their lives and are immobile In winter, cut back and destroy infested . ., canes and apply LILLJ insecticidal oil to remaining infesled canes if necessary- Scales are attacked by many nalural enemies. Look for exit holes in mature scale covers, which indicale parasiti- zation- An Insecl Rarely Found in California Rose midge, Dasincura rhodophaga, was reported infesting roses in a nurs- ery in Petaluma, California in August 1996, Rose midges are tiny flies that lay their eggs inside the sepals of flow- er buds or on planl terminals. Hatch- ing larvae move into flower buds lo feed, leaving the injured buds lo with- er, blacken, and die. Pupation occurs (actual size) in the soil and two lo four generations can occur annually. When first report- ed in 19%, there was widespread fear that this pest would move rapidly ihrough the state, caus- ing severe damage to roses in gardens and commerdal nurseries. However, few midges were found in 1997. The pesf has been present in cenlral Ore- gon and Washington for many years and is nof known to be a major pest there, Hopiefully it will not become a problem in Califomia, Take any sus- piected infested material to your coun- ty Agricultural Commissioner for identificalion. Don't confuse the rose midge with the similar looking benefi- dal midge, Aphidoletes aphidimyza, which feeds on aphids, Aphidolefes larvae are found on stem, bud, or leaf surfaces feeding wilhin aphid colo- nies, whereas Dasincura larvae are oul of view al the base of developing buds in terminals, COMMON NATURAL ENEMIES OF INSECT AND MITE PESTS IN ROSES Aphid parasites. Tiny parasitic wasps are very important in the control of aphids in roses, Adulls lay their eggs within the aphid and developing lar- vae, rapidly immobilizing them. Even- tually, the parasite kills Ihem and turns them into bronze or black cmsly, bloated mummies. The para- site pupales wilhin the mummy and then cuts a neal round hole and emerges as a full grown wasp. Once you see one mum- my in the aphid colony, you are likely to see more. Parasitic wasps are also imporiant in the conlrol of scale inseds, caterpillars, and many other insect pests. Minute pirate bug. Minute pirate bugs. Onus tristicolor, are tiny true bugs with black and white markings as adulls. They are oflen among the firsl predators to ap- pear in spring, and lhey feed on mites, insect and mite eggs, immature scales, and thrifts. Lacewings, Green lacewings in the genera Chrysopa and Chrysoperla are common natural enemies of aphids and other soft-bodied in- secls. The gray-green to brown alligator-shapied 1 ''^^ larvae are the predatory stsge ol the Chrysoperla spedes. The green lacy- 's?ze) 1 winged adulls feed on honeydew. {actual sizel Lady beetles- Many different red and black lady beetle spedes are predators of aphids; the mosl common is the convergent lady beetle, Hippodamia convergens (see drawing). Another common species in the garden is lhe multi-colored Asian lady beetle, Harmo- nia axyridis. These lady beetles have the advantage of feeding primarily on aphids and are predators in both the adult and larval stages. Look for the black, alligalor-shapied larva with or- ange dots and the oblong, yellow eggs that are laid on end in groups. Releases of commercially available conver- gent lady lieetles can reduce aphid numbers. However, large numbers must be released on each individual rose plant. Misl lady beetles with a waler spray before release. Make releases in the evening al dusk by plac- ing beetles on canes at the base of plants. Wet plants first with a fine spray of water. Expect 90% of the lady beelles to fly away in the first 24 hours. All released lady beetles are unlikely to '^y Pggs and will fly away once aphid populations have been subslaniially reduced September 1999 Roses: Insecl and Mite Pests and Beneficials Leatherwings or soldier beetles. These moderate to large-sized beetles in the Canlharid family have leather- like dark wings and orange or red heads and thoraxes. They feed on aphids and are very common on roses. Many people mistake them for pests, but they are predaceous both as adulls and larvae (in the soil). Sometimes they leave dark splotches of excrement on leaves. REFERENCES Dreistadt, S. H. 1994. Pesfs of Land- scape Trees and Shrubs. Oakland: Univ Cahf. Div. Agric. Nat. Res-Publ. 3359 Flint, M. L., and S H. Dreistadt. 1998. Natural Enemies Handbook. Oakland: Univ Calif Div. Agric. Nal, Res, Publ, 3366, Karhk, J., P B. Goodell, and G. W. Osleen- 1995. Improved mite sampling may reduce acaricide use in roses. Calif Agric. 49(3):38-40, UC IPM Pest Notes: various pests of gardens and landscape. World Wide Web(hllp:/ / www.ipm,ucdavis,edu) and Univ. Calif Div- Agric, Nat, Res. laciual size) Syrphid flies, Syrphids, sometimes called flower flies or hover flies, are impxirtant predators of aphids and very common on roses, Adulls, which supierfidally resemble wasps, feed on nectar and piollen before reprodudng and are often seen hovering above flowers. Larvae, often found within aphid colonies, are legless and mag- got shapied. There I . , are many species in California and they /^afStk. vary in color from dull brown or yellow lo bright green, but mosl have a yellow longitudinal stripe on the back- Don't mis- lake them for molh or butterfly larvae! Predaceous miles, A number of pred- atory mites feed on spider mites, fre- quently keeping ihem at tolerable levels. Predatory mites can be distin- guished from the plant-feeding spider mites by the absence of the two spiots on either side of the body, their pear shapie, and their more active habits. Compared to the plant-feeding spe- cies of mites lhat remain in one loca- tion feeding, predatory miles move rapidly around the leaf looking for prey. Because they are so small, a hand lens is helpful in viewing them. Spiders, All spiders are predators and many contribute significantly lo bio- logical control, Manv lypes of spiders including crab spiders, jumping spi- ders, cobweb spiders, and the orb- weavers occur in landscapes. for more infoimation contact the University of California Cooperative Exletision or agiicuhuial commissioner's office in your county. See yout phone book for addiesses and phone numtieis AUTHORS: l^ry Louise Flint and )ohn Karlik IllUSTRATIONS: Child, Ashley: f uBer ros* beelle; Ho|>lia beetle; lacewing larva; lady beetle adull; lady lieetle larva; leafcutter bee; Rose curculio; Rose leafhopper; Scale insects; Syrphid fly larva Flint. M I , and S. H Dreistadt 1998. Nalural Inemies Handbook. Oakland: Univ, Calif Div. Agiic i Natural Res., Publ. 3386: Aphid parasite (Table 7-1 A); latewinj adull (Fig. 8-13); Minute pirale bifg (Table 8 2 A); SyrphitJ adult (Table 8- 3 1) Packaid, A S ) 876 Cuide to the Study ol Insects New York: Henry Holt i Co,: Rose slug IFig 148) Sanderson, E. D , and C F lackson. 1912. ilementaty Entomology. Boston: Ginn & Co : Flatheaded borer (Fig. 208) Sasscher, E R , and A, D, Boiden, 1919 the Rose Mrdge, Washington, DC: USDA, Bulletin 778: Rose midge UCIPM Feu Notes. Oakland: Univ. Calif Div, Agiic. and Nal. Resourses: Aphid iPobl. 7404, Jan. 1995); Raspberry hornlail lania (Publ 7407. Jan. 1995); Spitler mile (Publ 7429, Jan 1995); Thrips (Publ. 30, Feb 1996) EOrrOR; B. Ohiendoif DESIGN AND PRODUCTION: M. Brush PRODUCED BY IPfvt Education and Publi- cations, UC Statewide IPM Projecl, Univer sily of California, Davis, CA 95616-8620 This Pest Note is available on Ihe World Wide Web (htip: //www,ipm.iKdavis,edu) UC^-IPM To wmptify informaiion, trade names of products have been used. No endorserfwrrf of named piodiKts is intended, rvor is ciMtcrsm implied of similar products that are not mentioned- This malerial h partially baseti upori work supported by the Fxiension Service, U.S. Depart- ment of Agiicultu»e, under spectal project Seclion 3(d), Integrated Pest Managemer*!. WARNING ON THE USE OF CHEMICALS Pesticides are potsorKjus Always read and carefully ioWov/ all precautions ar»d safety recommendations given on the conlainer label Slore all chemicals inlheoriginaMabeledcomamers in a locked cabinet or shed, away from food or feeds, and out of lhe reach of childien, unaufhoriied peisons, pels, and livestock. Confine chemicals lo the property being treated. Avoid diifl of^o neighboring properties, especially gardens conlaining fiuils and/ot vegetables leady lo be picked. Dispose ofempiy containers carefully. Follow label inslructions Ior disposal. Never reuse (he containets Make sure empty containers are r>oi accessible to children or animals. Never dispose of containeis •^heie ihry may contaminate waiei r-upplres or natural waterways. Do not pour clown sink oi loilel. Consuh your county agiicuhuratcommrssioner for conect ways of (fispostng of excess pestic ides. Never burn pesticide corv; jnnets The University of Califotnia ptohibtts discrimination against or harassment of any person employed by o» seeking employ mrnt with the University on tf>e basis of race, coht. nafional of'rgtn, refigion, sex, phyticato' mental disability medical condiiion (carKer-relatedor genetic characterisfics), ancestry, mania! status, age. sexual oiieniafton. c^tt^enship, oi status as a covered veteran rspetiaf disabled vele»an, Vietnam eia veteran. Of any other vpferan who seived on active duty during a war or in o campaign oi exped>i!-in fo' vv| ;ch a campaign b^dge has been auiborizedK Univeisity Policy rs intended to be consistent with che piovisiut s ol applicable Srjie and federal laws. Inquiries regarding the Univeisiiv's nondiscrimtnaiion policies may be directed to the Alrnmative ActiorVSlaH Personnel Servkes Diree tot Univei^tfv of California, iculluie and Natuia) ResoufC es. IIM F lanldm. bth Floor, Oakland. CA 94607-^^00: tS t6> 987 009S LAWN INSECTS Integrated Pest Management for the Home Gardener Insects are not a common cause of resi- denlial lawn damage in California, bul certain species occasionally damage or kill turfgrass. Insect feeding can cause grass lo turn yellow or brown, or die, especially if the grass is already stressed- Damage usually begins in small, scattered patches, which may merge into large dead areas. However, lack of proper cultural care and use of inappropriate grass species in a par- ticular location are more likely respon- sible for unhealthy or dying lawns than insecls. Disease-causing pathogens, excessive or inappropriate use of chemicals such as fertilizers and herbi- cides, and dog urine also produce damage resembling thaf of insects. Be- fore taking any insecl confrol action, be sure that il is insects causing the proli- lem and not something else, Insecls that may cause damage in Cali- fomia lawns include various root-, crown-, and leaf-feeding caterpillars; while grubs, which are the larvae of scarab beetles such as the black turfgrass alaenius and masked chafers; billbugs, which are weevils wilh white, grublike larvae; and chinch bugs, which are true bugs in the order He- miplera Each species produces some- what different damage symploms and must be managed differently. Study Figure 1 for identifying characteristics and Table 1 for damage symptoms as- sociated wilh each species In addition to the pesfs in Table 1, leafhoppers may occur in lawns, sometimes caus- ing yellowing of leaf blades, but rarely occur in numbers justifying treatment. Many olher insects may be observed while examining grass. However, con- trol is rarely or never needed for mosl typies of insects because lhey are harm- less or beneficial. Common beneficial insecls include predatory anls, ground beetles, rove beetles, and blister Figure 1, Identifying features of various lawn pests. Billbug adult is a small weevil (snout beetle),' /3 inch long, with a long, downward-pointing snout and elbowed, clubbed antennae. Il is often seen walking on paved areas but is difBcult lo find in turf unless a drench test is used, Billbug larva is a creamy white, legless, '/8-inch-long grub wilh a brown head, Tbe absence of legs distinguishes a billbug larva from a while grub larva. Black turfgrass ataenius adult is a shiny jet black beetle, '/sinchlong, ivith club^end antennae Chinch bug (southem) adult is small (less than '/s inch long) and black with mostly while wings folded flat over lhe body, Bolh long- and short-winged forms may be present. Nymphs are bright red lo black. Armyworm and cutworm adults are dull brown or grayish, relatively large (up lo 1 Vz inches long), night-active moths. Annyworm and cutworm larvae are up to 2 inches long at maturity; larvae often curl up and lie still when disturtied. Skipper (fiery) adult is a I-inch-Iong, orange to brownish butterfly with a hooked knob at the end of the antennae. Lawn moth has an appendage in front of lhe bead resembling a snout. Resting adults appear slender. When disturbed, Ihe molh makes a short flight close to the grass. Adulls are up lo '/i inch long. Sod webworm tiawn moth) larva is cream colored, 4 inch long, and has a distinchve double row of brown or black spots down its back, located af the base of long bristles. White gnib (chafer) adull is a golden brown, up to '/• inch- long beelle with a dark brown bead; il is hairy on the underside of its thorax While grub larva has a distinct brown head capsule and legs, is up lo I' /z inches long; the posterior portion of ils abdomen is enlarged, and it typically curls lightly into a C-shape. University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 7476 Revisetd May 2001 May 2001 Lawn Insecls beelles. Other common arthropods thai are primarily decomposers and do no significant injury to turfgrass include springtails and millipedes, IVIANAGING LAWN INSECTS Good cultural practices are the primary melhod for managing insect damage lo lawns. Growing apprc^riate grass spe- cies for a particular location and pro- viding lawns wilh proper care are especially impiortant. Practices such as irrigating and fertilizing have a major impact on lawn health. Physical con- trols, such as lhatch removal, choice of mowing height and frequency, and providing grass with more light by pruning tree branches, are also impor- tant in certain situations. Naturally occurring biological conlrol may limil some insecl pests. Most home lawns in Califomia do nol need lo be treated wilh insecticides if proper cultural practices are followed Insecficides should never be applied unless a pest is identified and delected at damaging levels. If insecticides are necessary, choose materials that have minimum impacts on beneficial organisms and the environment Preventing Pest Probletns The best way to prevent damage from lawn pesls is to keep grass healthy, Heallhy lawns require few, if any, in- secficide treatments Also, if the turfgrass is under stress and a pesticide is applied, il siands a grealer chance of suffering phyloloxic damage from the piesticide ilself. The publicalions on managing your lawn listed in "Sug- gesled Reading" give detailed informa- tion on flow to grow a healthy lawn. Choose Appropriate Varieties. There are a number of grasses available for planting in California, These grasses are often referred to as eilher cool-sea- son grasses (examples include annual ryegrass, bentgrass, fine fescue, Ken- tucky bluegrass, pierennial ryegrass, and tall fescue) or warm-season grasses {bermudagrass, kikuyugrass, Sl. Augustinegrass, and zoysiagrass). Warm-season grasses produce most of their growlh during summer and usu- ally have a dormant period when they tum brown during winter. Cool-season grasses are green year-round, bul pro- duce mosl of their growth in spring and fail. The type of grass and the vari- eties within each typie vary in fheir shade tolerance, salinity tolerance, wa- ter needs, disease resistance, and cul- tural needs. A formerly thriving lawn variety may decline with changes in light, such as more or less shade caused by growth or removal of nearby trees. These faclors are outlined in Sf- lecling Ihe Besl Turfgrass, listed in "Sug- gested Reading," Selection of the appropriate grass spiecies and variety will allow you to grow a hardy lawn with minimal maintenance inputs. Care for Lawns Properly. Inappropri- ate irrigation is the mosl common cause of lawn damage, Overwatering (shallow, frequent sprinkling) retards deep root growth and increases lawn Table 1, Some Lawn Pesls, Appearance of Their Damage, and Cultural Conlrol Methods. Pest (Scientific name) Hosts Damage appearance Cultural control armyworms, culwrxms {Pseudaletia unipuncta, Peridroma saucia, Agrotis spp ) all grasses, dichondra leaves and base of leaves chewed and cul beginning in small, irregular spots that can spread to patches extending many feel in width reduce lhalch; eliminale soggy areas; overseed lawn billbugs {Sphenophorus spp.) all grasses brown, thin, dying grass, beginning in small, irregular spots that can spread to patches extending many feet in width irrigate and fertilize adequately; increase mov.-ing height black turfgrass alaenius (,4l<ifnius spretutus) annual bluegrass, benigrass, ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass brown, dying grass, few roots; lawn is easily peeled ofl soi! increase mowing heighl; aerate to improve rool growth fiery skipper {Hylcphila phyleus) bentgrass, bermudagrass, Sl. Augustinegrass J- to 2-inch-diameter spots ot lawn lum brown; spots may join lo form large, irregular dead patches; leaves chewed or missing reduce thalch; overseed wilh grass species that are not preferred lawn moths, sod ivebworms {Crambus sperryellus. Tehama bvnifalella) all grasses, especially bentgrass, bluegrass, clovers lawn brown, leaves chewed or missing reduce thatch; irrigate and fertilize appropriately southern cfiinch bug (B/rS5u5 insulans) primarily St. Augustinegrass irregular patches of lawn tum yellowish, then brown and begin dying during hoi weather reduce thatch; reduce nitrogen fertilization, irrigate adequately; planl resislanl varieties such as Floralawn, Floratam, or FX-10 if growing Sl. Augustinegrass while grubs—immatures of masked chafers {Cyclofrphala spp ), Mav and june beetles {Phytlophaga spp ) all grasses, especially bluegrass, ryegrass brown dying grass; lawn can be rolled up if heavily infesled irrigate and fertilize appropriately; overseed lawn Some pests specific to t>ermudagiass and dichondra are not included in this table Other invertebrates that occasionally damage lawns include crane flies, frit flies and olher flies, flea beelles, leafhoppers. Lucerne molhs. plant bugs, mealybugs, scale insects, and mites Adapted from Ali and Elmore (1989) and Costa et al (2000); for more information consult publicalions in "Suggested Reading." May 2001 Lawn Insects susceptibility to stress Poorly main- tained sprinklers can apply loo much water in certain spots w hile under- watering other areas. Brown spots from uneven water applications occur frequently and are often caused by im- propierly spaced irrigalion heads, sunken or tilled heads, or unmatched heads that apply differing amounts of water. Correcting ihese physical prot>- lems with irrigation systems can de- crease water waste by over 50%, decrease water bills, and most impior- tanlly, improve the health of your lawn. Lawns should be irrigated deeply and no more often than twice a week- Appropriate fertilization encourages a dense, thick lawn thai allows grass to tolerate some insect feeding. The ap- propriate timing and amount of fertil- izer (primarily nilrogen) varies depending on factors including season, grass spiecies, and local growing condi- tions. In general, mosl California grasses used for lawns require hom 3 to 6 piounds of actual nitrogen over a 1,000-square-fool area annually during their active growing season. Keep fhe blades on your lawn mower sharp and cut your turf at a mowing height appropriate for the type of lawn grass to minimize depletion of food reserves needed to outgrow insect in- jury. Mowing frequency and heighl depend on grass species, season, and the particular use of fhat lawn. Cool- season lawns have suggesled mowing heights of I'/j to 2V2 inches, while warm-season lawns should be mowed lo a heighl of ^/i to 1 inch. No more lhan one-third of the grass heighl should be removed al one lime- Lawns also benehl from aeration. To increase water penetration and reduce soil compaction, periodicaily remove soil plugs using hollow tines. Thatch, which is the layer of undecomposed organic malerial on the soil surface, can build up and result in pioor water, fertilizer, and air penelralion. Thalch that is grealer than V2 inch thick en- courages caterpillar and chinch bug populations Thalch also reduces insec- ticide efficacy because insecticides can- not penetrate lo reach rool-feeding insects Prevent thalch bv avoiding ex- cess nitrogen application, irrigating deeply and infrequently, and minimiz- ing the use of lawn piesticides that can reduce populalions of microorganisms responsible for decomposing the thalch. If il is more than V2 inch thick, physically remove thatch with a gar- den rake, mechanical dethatcher, verti- cal mower, or power rake. Other methods include lopdressing lawns by adding a thin layer (Vg-i/4 inch) of soil and raking or sweeping il into the lhatch to encourage decompioser microorganisms. Core aerification also mixes soil into lhafch, speeding decomposition. Biological Control Certain insects, other invertebrates, and microorganisms lhal CKCur natu- rally in lawns feed on or parasitize lawn pesls. This typie of control, called biological conlrol, may help lo prevent many lawn-dwelling insects hom be- coming piests. To prolecl beneficial in- secls, avoid using broad-spectrum peslicides that will kill them along with the pests. Biological pesticides containing organisms such as Badllus thuringiensis (Bt) and beneficial nema- todes are commerdally available for controlling specific lawn insects. These materials have minimal impacts on natural enemies of insect pests and other beneficial organisms such as earthworms. Birds, moles, and olher vertebrates also feed on lawn insects from time lo time. Detecting Problems in Your Laum Examine your lawn weekly or just be- fore each mowing lo detect problem areas. At the same time, look for weeds, A dense stand of heallhy grass prevents most weeds from growing, so abundant weed growth indicates that Ihe lawn is unhealthy and susceptible fo other piests. New turfgrass is espe- cially vulnerable to problems and has different irrigation and fertilizer re- quirements lhan established turfgrass. An indication lhat a lawn may be in- fested with insecls is when the adulls (e g., moth or beelle stage) of pesls are drawn to lighls at night or when verte- brate predators (birds, raccoons, or skunks) are digging in your lawn for caterpillars and grubs However, the insects coming to light may be drawn from far away and vertebrate activity is not a foolproof indicator. They may be feeding on earthworms instead of insects; also, vertebrates will return to where lhey previously found food, so they may dig in lawns even if insect pests are no longer abundant. If you observe damage, the next slep is to determine the actual cause. Jf you think the damage is caused by insecls, confirm your suspicions by looking for the piest. The mosl accurate way to do this is by using either the drench test or by inspiecting around roots (Table 2), The drench lest is effective for detect- ing chinch bugs and caterpillars in- cluding armyworms, cutworms, and sod webworms, bul il does not delect grubs. Locating and correctly identify- ing a pest is imporiant because differ- ent pesls require different trealment materials, liming, and apphcation methods. Idenfify the insects you find using de- scnptions in this publication (Fig. 1) and other publications such as Hand- book of Turfgrass PestS or Turfgrass Pesls listed in "Suggested Reading," The UC IPM Pesl Management Guidelines: Turfgrass is available on lhe World Wide Web (wunv.ipm.ucdavis edu/PMGl selectnewpest.turfgrass.html) and con- tains color photos of some turfgrass pesls, Afler identifying the insecls, count the number of each type of insect found. Some of the insecls you find may be beneficial or nondamaging. In home lawns, you usually need only to be concemed wilh lhe insects listed in Table 1 Remember that the mere presence of an insecl pest does not imply lhat it is the cause of unhealthy lawns or that an insecticide treatment is needed. If is normal to find a few pest insects in any healthy lawn Generally treatments are nol recommended unless Ihe popula- tion level of the insect pest reaches a predetermined level called a threshold (Table 2), Thresholds are the piopula- tion levels at which the number of in- secls feeding exceeds the ability of a heallhy lawn lo withstand lhe damage lhey cause. For example, an insecticide usually is not needed unless there are more than about 5 armyworms and cutworms or 15 lawn hnolh larvae pier APPENDIX 5 References References 1. City of Carlsbad Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan, April 2003 2. State Water Resources Control Board, Resolution NO. 2003-0009, Approval of the 2002 Federal Clean Water Act Section 303(d) List of Water Quality Limited Segments, February 2003 3. State Water Resources Control Board, Resolution NO. 2003-0009, Approval of the 2002 Federal Clean Water Act Section 303(d) List of Water Quality Limited Segments - Monitoring List, February 2003 4. Carlsbad Watershed Urban Runoff Management Program Document, January 2003 5. ProjectDesign Consultants, Drainage Report - Bressi Ranch Residential Planning Areas 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 12, September 2003 6. ProjectDesign Consultants, Drainage Report - Bressi Ranch Mass Graded Conditions Drainage Report, April 2003 7. Improvement Plans for Bressi Ranch, Drawing Number 397-2K, Sheet 4, Dated 2/12/03 8. California Stormwater Quality Association, Stormwater Best Management Practice Handbook - New Development and Redevelopment, January 2003 9. National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II, US EPA 10. California Department of Transportation BMP Retrofit Pilot Program, Proceedings from the Transportation Research Board 8^ Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C. January 7-11, 2001. 11. Continuous Deflection Separation (CDS) Unit for Sediment Control in Brevard County, Florida, 1999 12. Herr, J.L., and Harper, H.H. Removal of Gross Pollutants From Stormwater Runoff Using Liquid/Solid Separation Structures. Environmental Research & Design, Inc., Orlando, FL. 14p 13. Protocol for Developing Pathogen TMDLs, US EPA. 14. 2002 Aquashield, Inc. 15. 2003 Stormwater Management Inc. 16. AbTech Industries 17. Kristar Enterprises, Inc. 18. Comm Clean 19. Bowhead Manufacturing Co. 20. Ultra Tech Intemational, Inc. 21. CDS Technologies, Inc. 22. Hydro Intemational 23. Stormceptor Technical Manual, Rinker Materials, January 2003. 24. Vortechnics Design Manual, May 2000.