HomeMy WebLinkAbout1982-11-09; City Council; 7202; NUCLEAR CIVIL PROTECTION PLANJ
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AB# 7J02 Dl m- NUCLEAR CIVIL PROTECTION PLAN
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RECOMMENDED ACTION:
Staff is not making any specific recommendation on the plan. He do re that the Counci 1 indicate to the City's representative their position plan; however, there is no requirement for the Council to take any act
ITEM EXPLANATION:
On October 25, 1982 there was a special meeting of the United Disaster
to review and receive public input on the Nuclear- Civil Protection Pla Representatives from the State and Federal government presented the pl
gave a brief overview.
Very simply, 'it is' a plan to relocate large portions of the populatior
high risk areas to lower risk areas during an international crisis.
Most of the input by the public was in opposition to the plan. They s generally not to the plan but the fact we should be directing our effc encourage government in nuclear disarmament and a freeze on nuclear ZY
The plan was presented to the County Board of Supervisors on Tuesday, 26, 1982. Plo action was taken by the Supervisors .
'The United Disaster Council will be meeting again on December 2, 1912 reconsider the plan. Our representative should have some direction or City's position at that time.
FISCAL IMPACT:
Unknown.
Ref: Question 2 of attachments : 'Who wi 11 bear the cost of crisis rc
EXtiI BITS :
1. Executive Summary 3. Questions and Responses 3. Reprint of Newspaper Article - October 27, 1982
4. Nuclear Civil Protection Plan - Carlsbad and Vicinity Zone 31 (or in the City Clerk's Office)
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EXECUTiVE SUMMARY
" ..._ -" .- NUCLEAR CIVIL PROTECTION
PLANNING AND OPERATIONS
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FOREWORD
This Executive Summnry has bcen designed to mist rcsponsible locnl officin
comprehending the need for detailed Nuclear Civil Protection (NCP) planning
opera ti ons.
The summary is presented in two parts:
Part One summarizes the general information contsined in NCP Plans. It disc
the potential threat of a nuclear attack and the various countermeasures that cou
taken to save the maximum number of lives. It also discusses the statewide organiz
required ‘to respond to nuclear defense emergencies, and numerous functional aspec
NCP operations.
Part Two summarizes information unique to a given county (Operational Area
its related Planning Zones. Generally, this information indudes statistics on lo?
feeding and fallout shelter capabilities, population data, hosting allocntions, move
routes, and other relevant information.
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o Improving the fallout shelter capability in host ttrcas by crne~~gcncy iipgrridi
already existing buildings nnd/or by erncrgcncy construction of shl
(expedient shelters).
NCP planners have carefully analyzed the requirements for transportation, foc
supplies, fallout shelter development, health care and sanitation, law enforcerner
traffic control, firefighting, and the many other needs that wo~ld mist in ~t nuclear j
To simplify data collection, each county (Operationcll Area) in Cnlifornia has been di
into Planning Zones. Some zones consist of cities and their spheres of influen
adjacent unincorporated areas; others consist of geographically relatnble unincorpc
portions of a county, hilitary facilities, or state facilities such as institutions.
During a nuclear defense emergency, each Planning Zone will become an Ope]
Zone under the direction of a Zone Director of NCP Operations (usually a local
executive, an official-appointed by the County Executive, R Base Commander,
Institution Director). Countywide operations and zone support will be coordinated 1
Operational Area Coordinator (usually the Chairman of the Board of Superviso
mother designated county official). The Governor, through the State Offic
Emergency Services and its Mutual Aid Regions, will coordinate NCP operations state
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NCP Operations
The NCP program provides decision-making officials with two cornplemE
options for protecting the population:
o The "in-place" option. Sheltering the populntion at or nenr their plac
residence or work.
o The "crisis relocation" option. Relocating the population during a s
international crisis from high-risk areas to lower-risk "host'! areas and pro1
for their reception, core, and protection ngninst fallout in thcsc host 1
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(Note: ’ Crisis rclocwtion is thc prcfcrnt)lc option bccnuse of the shortage (
effects shelters in risk arcas, but limited warning time and other circumstancf
preclude it or allow only pnrtial irnplerncntation. In such instances, people remr
risk arcas will ncccl to be provided the best availnble in-place protection, f
workers rcrnaining in or commuting to risk areas will also need protection,)
A nuclear defense emergency may be pcnccfully resolved -- or may result ir
attack. NCP pltms must brt ndcqutlte for all stages of the emergency, including ds
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crisis, relocation, and attack. During all stages, the public should be kept fully i
and be given clear and easily understood instructions.
Increased Readiness Operations
.The central assumption of the NCP program is that a sudden nuclear 1
unlikely -- that instend attack will be ,preceded by an intense and possibly p
international crisis. As early as such a crisis can be recognized, Operational,
Operating Zone Orgmnizations will activate Emergency Operating Centers (EOCs)
increased- rmdiness m.casures based on advice and instructions from state 01
eluthorities. NCP plnns for. both in-place protcction and crisis relocation will be
und updated. Ttwini~lg will be intensified. As the crisis deepens, more sub&
costly increascd readiness efforts will begin to include preparation for crisis re
improvement of hosting and fallout shelter capability, reducing vulnerabilty to
caused fires, and informing and advising the public. EOC Staffs will be aq
communications and radiological monitoring and reporting systems established, ar
protection improved as necessary.
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Crisis Relocation Operations
Crisis relocation operations will be conducted in the following phases:
1. Alert (Mobilization) Phase
When the alert to begin mobilizing is received, all emergency organizatiol
activated and final prcparations for movement made. Nonessential services
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suspcnded. Emcrgcncy public informtltion will be rclenscd in both risk and hast
instruct residents on rclocntion, the potential radiation huzard should attack VCI
the building of expedient shelters. Owners or operators of all available nonm
facilities in host arms not rcquircd for other essential purposes will be advised
their structures for use as congregate care facilities.
2. Movement Phase
Law cnforeerncnt and traffic control officials will begin controlled moverne
risk area population to host ureas in private and public vehicles using preplanncc
Essential workers (and their families) will be relocated to nearby host areas toall
to readily commute to and from work. Upgrading and/or expedient falloul
construction and stocking will continue, primarily in host areas. Stocking of elds
available shelters will begin for essential workers and others remaining in rk
3. Sustnin;ng Phase
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As relocatees arrive in host arms, they will be registered and given feeding
fallout shelter, and work assignments. Volunteered lodging spaces in private hc
be used to reduce overcrowding in congregate care facilities. As relocation is eo
emphasis will shift to meeting hnsic needs of both residents and relocatees. Er
medical aid stations will be set up near or in congregate care facilities.. Fall01
upgrnding and stocking and expedient shelter building will con,tinue. Resou
essential to risk area requirements will relocate to support emergency operatio]
areas. Essential workers will commute to risk areas in 12-hour shifts.
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4. Transition Phase
If the crisis is peacefully resolved, rclocatees will begin traffic-controll
home. Efforts to resume normal operations will begiin. Long-term state an
support may be needed for full restoration. However, a nuclear attack may occ‘
or nfter relocation (see Attack Operations).
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Atlttck Opcrutiorls
On receipt of attack warning, the public will be alerted to move to shelter.
without warning is possible, despite the sophisticated U.S. warning system.
occurs, the first strike constitutes warning for other nonimpacted areas.) After
detonation, attack area survivors will need to deal with blast-caused damag
threatening fires, and fallout and may need to move to less hazardous areas, Out
detonation area, fallout will be the primary threat, and the population will have tc
in shelters until radiation levels permit emergence. Communications devices n
temporarily or permanently isolating individual shelters and zones from each 01
from other components of the statewide NCP organization. Zone level planr
training must be comprehensive enough to allow independent locd action if such j
occurs.
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., PW~U BY! OFFI CL~I GISLSTER PEEPHTDNESS 0 Dm ~ vi2 .#
QUESTION
1. What is the scenario upon which the plan is based and what amount of warning time is expected?
RESPONSE
This Nuclear Civil Protection plan is a contengency plan which responds to a specific set of circumstances as (or planning assumptions if you will). The first of those assumptions is that an attack "out of the blue" (with very short warning) is unlikely. The reasons for this assumption are:
1. Neither the United States nor the USSR maintains its armed forces at the level of readiness that they would choose to launch an all-out attack from that posture. Any effort to increase readiness is observable and measures could be taken by the other side to off-set those preparations.
2. Any such preparations would be known to the press and therefore, the world. An attack coming after such a build-up can hardly be called a surprise attack. The Department of Defense is confident that an attack, should it come, would only occur after a build-up or crisis period, which could last for days, weeks or months and could even be proceeded by conventional weapon hostilities somewhere in the world.
3. A second argument against a surprise attack relates to - - -. . - - _. -
protection of civilian populations ( which is quite separate from mi 1 it ary preparedness).
The Soviets have since the early 70's had, as part of their extensive Civil Defense program, a plan for the evacuation of their population from major cities, industrial centers, and areas near their military installations. In order to reduce civilian casualties, it follows that they would not want to start a war with their populations unprotected (at ,least to the degree that they can be protected). Therefore, it is expected that they would evacuate their high risk areas before 'engaging in any conflict that would or could result in a nuclear exchange.
These movements are also observable and could provide equal opportunity for the movement of our "at risk" population. The Soviet 1 iterature and our own CIA analysis say that they think it would take at least three days to move a major segment of their population and a week or more to construct fallout protection for the displaced population.
We have far more resources with which to respond than does the Soviet Union. We have far more private vehicles, and far more all weather highways on which ta operate there. Ne also have much more construction equipment of all types than do the Soviets to develop fallout protection.
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The three days or 72 hours referred to re1 ates the minimum time for movement. It does not imply that a time clock is running and that the end of that time the missles are
automati cal ly 1 aunched.
To reiterate, the Crisis Relocation portion of the overall Nuclear Civi 1 Protection plan responds only to an escalating
crisis which would provide time for relocation of persons
from designated high risk areas.
QUESTION
2. Who will bear the cost of Crisis Relocation?
RESPONSE
1. Cost, like responsiblities, are distributed. Everyone will have to bear some part of the costs, both before (for planning and preparations) and during, should the plan need to be implemented.
2. A major portion of the planning costs are borne by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMP,), who pays through the States for the development of these initial, or basic plans. There is a very limited local involvement in preparing the initial plan. The involvement is mostly
-" confirmation of dates and input on certain key issues
.. relating to the emergency management structure, etc.
3. FEMA also makes matching monies available to state and local governments for disaster preparedness in general, although it is with emphasis upon preparedness for the most devestating disaster, nuclear war. They also make matching monies available, as budgeted by Congress, for training and Emergency Operations Centers with related communications, equipment, etc.
4. If the plans are ever implemented, the Federal Government would have to pick up most of the direct costs, such as the provisions of essenti a1 supplies to the displaced populations. However, state and local governments would be expected to re-direct their normal and routine efforts to support the plan. A1 1 public employees are disaster service
workers by law and it is part of their public charge to support emergency operations as needed.
5. Some long term provisions would be made to redress various losses and damages incurred, but the details have not been fully addressed at the national level. Here again, it is
expected that some form of cost sharing would be used.
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OUESTION
3. Wnat would happen if a city or county refused to participate in
the plan?
RESPONSE
1. This issue has not yet been fully addressed at the National, State or local level, since it is a recent one and no
concensus yet exists.
2. All level of Government are charged, by statute, to protect
indicates that administrations which have failed to meet public expectations in this area have been subject to various
legal actions, both collectively and as individuals.
3. Funds administered by FEW for Congress have certain
requirements associated with them. Failure of a jurisdiction to 'I accept the whole package" could result in its being ineligible to receive those funds.
the public to the extent deeme.d feasible. Past experience
QUESTION
4. When will the missing elements of the plan be provided?
RESPONSE
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1. Missing elements in the plans wi 11 be provided as soon as the issues can be addressed. The State Office of Emergency Services (OES) expects feedback on the documents as developed to date, and is prepared to make reasonable changes in additional pages or charge sheets to be added. The State
Off ice of Emergency Services is a1 so prepared to discuss planning issues, but has limited resources to meet with
cities individually. Many of the issues could be discussed and resolved collectively by meetings of the Disaster Council or a simular planning body.
2. Some procedural detai Is such as Standard Operating Procedures can only be provided by the jurisdiction and its various agencies, for Departments, State, County and local
emergency services offices can advise in this area, but cannot provide the detailed information required. Thus, procedwes should be added to the local basic plans as they
are developed.
QUESTIONS
5. Who will provide resources to the host areas and how will it be
done?
RESPONSE
1. The national program does not, at this time, make provisions for stockpiling food and other resources In designated host areas. T'nis has generally been viewed as prohibitively
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expensive, at least at this point in program development.
This could change in the future as accomplishments of other elements of the program permit reduction of funds.
2. The plans call for the re-direction of day-to-day existing resources, when the plan is implemented, from their normal distribution to risk areas to the host areas. The same companies that now control and distribute these resources would continue to, but they would be directed to where the displaced population would be.
3. Studies have shown that there is an abundance of equipment, etc. available to accomplish this mission since the normal demand is not increased by relocation, risk area populations and many items normal ly being shipped would not be needed in such a crisis.
4. The Federal and State governments are responsible to order this re-direction of critical resources. Local governments would be responsible for receipt, allocation and general accounting of their supplies. Provisions for this procedure are included in the State plan and also in the Resources and Supply section of the local plans. Additional details on procedures wi 11 be provided as they are developed.
QUESTION
6. ..HoG"Cuch protection will be provided the public by Nuclear Civil Protection?
RESPONSE
The charge has been made that the plan is misnamed in that it does not provide protection against nuclear weapon effects.
provides protection from that disaster, the following responses are made:
1. Movement is a countermeasure employed in response to many of
Aside for the fact that no disaster plan, in and of itself,
disasters, both before and after the onset of the event. The generic term "movement" has several other commonly used terms i.e. evacuation, dispersal, relocation, etc. All have similar, but somewhat different meaning and application.
The term "relocation" as used in Nuclear Civil Protection
plans, reco;gnizes that it may. be some time before a person might return to his/her point of origin, particularly if a nuclear attack occurs.
2. All disastrous events impact a finite area, some small such as a hazardous materials spi 11 or gas explosion - some large
finite, although large. Studies show that moving people beyond the primary effects of such a weapon i .e, immediate blast and heat , would save many 1 ives and reduce casualties, even if no other protectiveactions were taken.
such as an earthquake. Nuclear weapon effects are also
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3. Nuclear weapons can also produce varying amounts of radioactive fallout, which can be a threat outside the primary effects area. The amount of fallout is related to the fireball generated by the weapon as it touches the earths surface, material is vaporized and pulverized and lifted up into the cloud. This material falls back to the earth as
driven by both high altitude and surface winds existing at the time. Fallout particles are like grains of sand and should not be confused with poi son gas.
4. Weapons exploded high in the air produce very little fallout since no material is present to form such particles. Weapons exploded at optimum height to produce maximum blast damage do
not generate significant fallout. This manner of deterioration is more 1 i kely against "soft targets" typical of most military and industrial installations. Since you obtain a larger area of damage and produce less fa1 lout, which could also threaten the aggressor, such use of weapons is more likely in most areas. Exceptions are hardened targets, such as missle silo's more of which currently exist in Cal if orni a.
5. Never the less, the plans assume a need for fallout protection in all host areas, since there is no way to be certain in advance what areas mi ght receive f a1 lout. The Shelter Development section recognizes this need and describes how many structures can be "upgraded" during the
.. crisis period"'to provide enhanced fallout protection.
6. In summary, the plans recognize both the primary and
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secondary effects of nuclear weapons and provide for movement
of people out of areas judged most 1 ikely to be targeted in the event of nuclear war. They a1 so provide means and methods to improve fallout protection in the host areas. Therefore, the plans do address "protection" of the pub1 ic in the event of nuclear war.
OUESTION
7. If the population is moved to host areas, could or would an aggressor retarget to those areas?
RESPONSE
The issue has been raised as to why missles cannot be retargeted against the relocated population in host areas. The following
respons to that issue:
1.. First, it must be accepted that there is no physical reason why they cannot be, although it does take some time to reprogram a missle guidance system. That leaves us with the reasons they might want to do so.
2. There are several obvious things that logically be targeted. First are military weapons which, could directly strike back against an aggressor. These would obyiously be hlgh Priorty targets If !ne aggressor wants to llmlt retallatgion. Second are other military supportive or logistic facilities,
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which are the backbone of many military systems. Third, there are the industrial faci 1 iti es which re1 ate to war material production, plus related transportation and communciations system. Power generating facilities to support production also fall in this group. Fourth, we get to people who in and of themselves can accomplish more of the
things described above which can threaten an enemy. Not only does killing the civilian populations accomplish little to reduce the aggressors retaliation threat, but the enemy population could be held hostage to nuclear attack to insure that enemy demands are met. The whole issue of nuclear
blackmail depends upon there being people to be threatened. This blackmail issue should not be taken lightly, since it is a major aspect of the ongoing deterrent approach to the avoidance of the use of nuclear weapons.
3. A1 1 of the above lead, to the general view that civi 1 ian populations are not targets, as such. They are, however, in close proximity to many of the installations and facilities which are likely targets in a possible nuclear exchange. Therefore, the argument that these persons are in areas more likely than others to experience direct weapon effects. This provides the basis for the designation of high risk areas for
Crisis Relocation Planning purposes.
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Federal .Summary Complex; .There‘s
Confusion’ Ab,out..Who’d’ .. :I Go Where
. By STEVE LaRUE . ’
Staff Writer, The $an Diegounion ~
For the third time in four months, county superGisors yesterday declined to vote either to cooperate in federal nuclear war evacuation planning efforts or
to join several cities and counties that have rejected the concept. The Board of Supervisors’, impasse over the federal Crisis Relocation Plan became apparent after three houk of public testimony .when Supervisor Roger Hedgecock put a question to .Nicholas V. Nikas, spokesman for the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the plan’s sponsor. Hedgecock wanted to know .where he and his family, who. live in Pacific Beach, would be evacuated to if the President give the order? ‘‘I couldn’t tell you,” Nikas replied. . “This is the basic problem,” said Hedgecock. “It is a thick document. That council, in which city repre-
I’ve read it, and it doesn’t say.’,’ ’
sentatives coordinate disaster plan-
4 iing,. will. reconsider, the plan at 6
as submitted 10 days ago is not spe- cific as to how 15 “host zones” are have taken positions.
. Host areas will be expected to going to feed ’ and shelter about ’ swell to ,about four times their cur-
700,000 citY dwellers fleeing from . rent populations, according to Loren “risk Zones’’ identified as probable ’ D. Fields, chief of the state’s nuclear targets for nuclear missiles. . , The plan envisions moving about protection planning. Local officials’ confusion over this one million county residents out of was reflected by Lloyd von Haden, a
72-hour warning before nuclear war . evacuation planners called for . breaks out. ’ ‘ sheltering 156 perions in the Silvera-. Hedgecock Called for more hear-. do Apartments clubhouse, which has ings in 1 the host areas.’ Supervisor Tom Hamilton said he and his staff two toilets, and 56 persons in the
had’not had time to digest the volu- “hole in-the wall”. Vista Barbershop,
. which has a single toilet. minous “surnmary.’.’.Supervisor Paul . . Washington Jr, High . School is Eckert was . absent - - for .-. the discussion. .. identified as .a shelter, von Haden
.’. Supervisor Paul Fordems mot‘ion . ,said, but, “They don’t mention where to accept the plan’ died for lack of a , ‘,the dirt or the skip loaders are going second before Board Chairman Jim ’ . (Continued on B-2, Col. 1) Bates abruptly adjourned the meet- ing at 5:15 p.m. after catcalling broke out in the audience. No date was scheduled for a
Bates described his own feelings at !.
’ Likewise, Hedgecock said, the plan B p.m. ~c. 2, aftei local city councils
harm’s way, assuming there Will be a Vista city councilman, who ’ said
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,. rehearing by supervisors.
a meeting Monday night of the coun-
,~ ty’s Unified Disaster, Council. ..
“I just see panic,” he sald. “Ih not .’ . sure I’d want to go to one of those . . host areas.‘Ttiere would be as many: problems there as (those) I’d be leav- ing.” ’
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EDNESDAY MORNING, OC
c to come from” to turn it ini
: .’ Bombs also’could fall in
I’ County, von Haden said, :‘North County people to ev the south as San Diego
er.
- evacuate to the north. “We could all meet arour
’ tas,” he parodied the plan, .could march like lemming:
-. ocean with the county boar the way.?’, ’ .
Members of Physicians 1 ,.Responsibility, who oppose
-* had hoped for a board vote
it in concept. - “There is no way to pk ably to save people after attack, period,” said DI Bookstein. He and a pro(
speakers attacked the plan gerous fantasy” that draws away from the need for ar: tion while it.promotes the 1 that nuclear war is surviva
,., . “It is a public signal that
.. try is contemplating fig1 winning a nuclear war,” Rev. William Mahedy. ,
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a unifieaan diego county
from: OFFICE of E ERGENCY SEI
7939 John Towers Ave., Santee. CA 92071
RELEASE: Immediately Contact: Jack Duncan, Deputy Director
448-461 1 Home: 443-6336
DISASTER INFORMATION SEMINAR
To provide expertise for members of the Unified Organization and thei
designated Public Information Officers, a seminar has been scheduled for
Thursday, February 14, 1974, from 8:OO a.m. to 4:OO p.m. The session will
held in the Emergency Operations Center (EOC), 1801 Hacienda Drive in Flet
Hills, where our Emergency Broadcast System is located. Lunch will be pro
AGENDA
8:OO am - - Tour of the EOC ........................... OES Staff
8:15 am - - Welcoming Remarks ---_---_--___-____------- Bill Marty, Chief Deputy
+ 8~20 am - - Keynote Speech ............................ Bob Jones, Administrative
City of San Fernando
8:35 am -'- PI0 Needs and Functions in a Disaster ----- &erne Paule, PIO, DCPA, a
9:oo am - - PI0 Experiences ........................... Stephanie Bradf ield, PI0
dcalifornia OES
9:35 am - - Electronic Media Requirements ------------- Reid Carroll, News Direct
Terry Crofoot, Assignment
KCBQ Radio
KGTV
10:30 am - - B-R-E-A-K
10:45 am - - Understanding Public Information ---------- Frances K, Dias j Director /
DCPA, Region 7
11:15 am - - Newspapers & Wire Services in Disasters --- Charles Ross, StatelCountJ
San Diego Union
12:OO noon - L-U-N-C-H
12:30 pm - - Luncheon Speaker .......................... Herbert R. Temple, Directc
/California OES
1:oo pm - - Day-to-day PIO. Tips ....................... Jack Skeels, PI0
Calif. Division of Foresl
1:45 pm.- - Support from Unified OES ------------------ Jack Duncan, Deputy Direci
2:OQ pm - - B-R-E-A-K
2: 15 pm - - State and Federal PI0 Roles Dick Ernest, Dist. 6 PIO, in a Disaster ............................ Cal. Division of Forestq
Stephanie Bradfield, Calif
Verne Paule, DCPA, Region 3:OO pm - - Discussion and Local Problems
4:OO PM - - Adjourn CFTY OF NATIONAL CITY -_ CALIFORPI+
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FIRE DEPARTMENT
RICHARD J HARROLD 477 1187 EXT 48
ASS'T FIRE CHIEF 333 EAST 16TH STREET
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Wraified San Diego County
Emergency Services Qrganizatisn
7939 JOHN TOWERS AVENUE 0 SANTEE, CALIFORNIA 92071
OFFICE
OF
EMERGENCY
SERVICES
448 46 1 1
DISASTER INFORMATION SEMINAR
You are cordially invited to attend a seminar for those
designated or who are likely to serve as Public Infor-
mation Officer during a local, regional, or national
disas ter .
We are bringing this seminar to members of the Unified
San Diego County Fhergency Services Organization as
the first in a series to acquaint elected and appointed
officials with some of the more sophisticated require-
ments of civil preparedness. These sessions were
recommended by the On-Site Assistance Survey teams
during their recent check of our regional readiness.
You are urged to bring any members of your staff you
feel may gain from this seminar.
Please phone us as soon as possible to give us the
names of persons from your office who will be attending.
pi?-J.d2--
CARLSBA
CHULA V
CORONAE
COUNTY
DEL MAR
EL CAJOI
ESCONDll
IMPERIAL
LA MESA
NATIONA
OCEANS11
SAN DlEC
SAN MAR
VISTA
.. 0 4b PUBLIC INFOPNATION OFFICERS SEMINAR
THURSDAY FEBRUARY 14, 1974
A GOOD IMAGE DEVELOPED AND MAINTAINED IS VITAL TO YOG!
Good public relations are vital to the success of any ente
Frise that depends upon the support of the people. This applie
to you in O.E.S. as well as the Division of Forestry or any 0th
enterprise.
Because collectively we perform an indispensable service
to the community, one might expect our relations with the publi
to be excellent. However, this may not be the case for two pri
mary reasons. First we may be so organized that many of our
activities are not often in the public eye, Secondly, the com-
munity may know little and understand less of our achievements
and problems. Under such circumstances we may find ourselves
receiving very little consideration or support from the public.
Lack of understanding may even result in unjustified criticism
for our organization.
A good public relations program can correct this situation
It can gain the cooperation of community, newspaper, radio, and
television officials and other molders of public opinion; make
our organization favorably known to the community; create a bet
understanding in the community of our problems, needs and funct
help to maintain our organization as the strong protection forc
is meant to be.
Good public relations are 99 per cent mutual understanding
and trust.
If we can convince the public that we are here to serve th
community, to protect life and property, then we have accomplis
a good public relations job and our mission is properly underst
and appreciated.
JACK SKEELS
Fire Prevention Coordinator C.D.F.
L
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What to do in a
DISASTER
Disaster Myths
Fire
Flood
Earthquake
Tidal Wave
First Aid
Poison Counterdoses
Detergent Warning
Sanitation - Food - Water
“In Time of Emergency”
r
1973
UNIFIED SAN DIEGO COUNTY
EMERGENCY SERVICES ORGANIZATION
7939 John Towers Avenue - Gillespie Field
Santee, California 92071
(71 4) 448-461 1 1 I J - These Bulletins Are Free -
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WHAT TO TAKE WITH YOU WHEN YOU
HAVE TO EVACUATE YOUR HOME OR APARTMENT
First things to take are:
1. Special medicines and glasses. Take your special medicines
and eye-glasses. You may need these right away after you
evacuate your home or apartment.
2, Legal papers. (Birth certificates, car ownership slips,
insurance papers and legal papers that would be hard to
replace. (You should keep these together in one place
where you can get at them quickly.)
3. Jewelry and watches. These are small, light weight and
usually very hard to replace if you leave them behind.
4. Clothing and bedding. These are quick and easy to take.
Also, they are costly to replace.
5. Kitchen equipment. If you have time, take kitchen equip-
ment that you use for cooking. These can be put in a box
and are light weight. They are also costly to replace.
6. Small items. Small radios, a TV and expensive items can
be taken if You have the morn in your car and the time to load,
7. Last Items. If you have a truck and the time, the last
items to take are your large and heavy appliances and
furniture.
$1 # f
WHAT PO DO IN A dlsASTER
NATURAL DISASTER
FIRE
WHAT TO DO
IN YOUR HOME -
IF - You suspect that any part of
your house may be on fire . . . Do Not open an inside door without first plac- ing palm of hand against it . . . If there is heat . . . or if you see smoke seep-
ing around the edges. . . DO NOT open the door!! You could be overcome by
smoke, heat or flames.
IF -The fire is out of control . . . get
away from the danger. . . ESCAPE . . . then call the Fire Department.
IF -Your clothing catches on fire , . . Do Not Run . . . wrap yourself in a blanket or rug . . . and roll.
IF - YOU must rescue someone in a
room that is on fire . . . wrap a wet handkerchief, towel or similar article,
around your face, open the door cau- tiously and, keep as close to the floor as possible, crawl to the victim. Then
to the floor. remove him to safety, remaining close
IF - You detect the fire in time and cam control it, use the following meth-
ods to extinguish the blaze:
1. Put out Elechical, Grease, Oil or
Gasoline fires by smothering with hand- fuls of SALT, BAKING SODA, SAND or DIRT. a. Never use flour.. . it's Explosive! b. Never use water on Grease, Oil, or Gasoline fires. It will onlyspread them! c. Don't throw water on electrical fires until electricity has first been
shut off at master switch or fuse box.
2. Extinguish burning paper, rags or
water at the base of the flames. other non-oily trash fires by throwing
EARTHQUAKE
~~~ ~~ ~~~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~~~
WHAT TO DO
IF INDOORS - STAY INDOORS -Take
cover under desk, table or bench, or in
doorways, halls or against inside
walls. Stay away from glass windows or skylights. Do Not run outdoors!! You
may be hit by falling debris or live
electrical wires.
IF OUTDOORS - GET AWAY FROM BUILDINGS - Go to clear areas and
stay away from walls, utility poles and
downed wires that could cause serious injury or death.
KEEP CALM - USE COMMON SENSE - Do not run through, or outside build- ings. The geatest point of danger is just outside doorways and close to ogter wa I Is.
IN CASE OF FIRE - Call the Fire De- partment. Then take what steps you can to control the fire until help arrives.
DO NOT TURN ff-F UTILITIES -(Gas, water, and Electricity) unless lines are damaged. If broken pipes or wires are found, take the following steps:
A. WATER - If pipes are broken in- side the house, shut off main valve on
pipe bringing the water into the house,
E. ELECTRICITY - If the house is properly wired, trouble is very unlike- ly. If you are sure there is a short- circuit, turn off electricity at meter box, by pulling switch.
C. GAS - If gas pipes are broken inside the house, close valve at meter and call your gas company. Only the Gas Company should re-open meter to prevent explosions.
FLOOD
WHAT TO DO
During, heavy rains, check your flol furnace often. If it becomes floodel Turn off the pilot light and main bum Remove water as soon as possible, t
using a pump, siphon or by bailinl
IF - The water rises above flol
level, turn off electricity at ma
plug-ins, a short circuit may resul causing a fire.
IF - YOU have any suspicion thi water coming from the faucets has bec
contaminated, be sure it is purific before use. Purify by boiling, use t
purification tablets, or adding tc
drops of household bleach per gallc of water and allow to stand for 30 mil
utes. (If tablets are used, follow iI structions on package.)
IF - The area in which you live i
so badly flooded as to make escape in
possible, move your emergency fooc water supply, and blankets to an uppt floor, or to the roof. Keep calm an wait for rescue.
Do not hesitate to leave for saft areas when advised to do so.
NOTE: Sandbags may be useful i protecting your property from floo waters. You should maintain supply
switch, If water enters wall or flol
you live in low area.
Avoid driving on flooded streets ( highways. Particular1.y avoid dips an low places.
TIDAL WAVES
Don't worry about tidal waves. Alor the San Diego County coast we woul only have heavy surging of water i
harbors, bays and lagoons.
I
ENEMY ATTACK
b
ATTACK EMERGENCY I WARNING SIGNAL BROADCAST SYSTEM WHAT TO DO
This will be sounded only in case
of enemy attack. The signal is a 3 to
5 minute WAVERING sound on the
sirens, or a series of short blasts.on
whistles, horns, or other devices. The
attack warning signal means that an
actual enemy attack against the U.S.
has been detected, and that protective
actions should be taken immediately.
This signal has no other meaning.
If there is an attack warning, the na- Be prepared with your own disast
tional Emergency Broadcast System plan. Know the facts about radio-actil
(EBS) would go into effect. Civil De- fallout, Know how to make a has
fense bulletins, instructions and in- protective shelter. If you are in or rrg
formation would be broadcast county- at a public shelter -- use it. If you a1
wide over the radio stations in San not, then take as long as necessary
Diego County. make a hasty shelter. Do not use tl
telephone to get emergency informatic
if the attack signal is sounding. TI
telephone lines wi II be needed fi
official calls. I
Carlsbad El Cajon UNIFIED SAN DIEGO COUNTY National City Vista
Chula Vista Escondido
Coronado Imperial Beach
Del Mar La Mesa
EMERGENCY SERVICES ORGANIZATION Oceanside county of
San Marcos 7939 John Towers Ave., Gillerpie Fiel4Santee. California 92071 San Diego San Diel
(7141 4484611
.* e a
page 2 RESPONSE h
Reprint from Monthly Newsletter published by Department of Defense - Defense
Disaster Myths Preparedness Age
Based upon the study of more than 100 natural victims in disaster areas become easy targets fo~
disasters over the last seven years, the Disaster Research and other forms of criminal activity. Center of Ohio State University has depicted six major FACT-Looting and other anti-social behaviors myths that are commonly regarded as truths-by the rare in disaster situations.. Those who have done
general public, the mass media, and many officials-with research have found it difficult to cite many 2 respect to the behavior of people under the stress of cated cases of actual looting. This is true i
disaster. countries as well as the United States. For exs
Here, in brief, are the myths and the facts as described study made after the 1953 floods in The Net by the Center: found that, although there were many reports of law enforcement agencies could not discover verified case. In fact, the most accurate descri;
People Don’t Panic behavior during an emergency period is a situatic ‘‘normal” anti-soci$ behavior is greatly reduced t
1. MyTH-When faced with a great threat or danger, ous actions demonstrating regard and concern fc people will panic. greatly increase. In this connection it is of in1 FACT-In the face of disaster, people do not panic. note that, in the United States, there has never t Insofar as wild flight from the danger area is concerned, necessity to declare martial law in a disaster area. the opposite behavioral pattern is far more likely. There 5. MYTH-Community morale is very low in is much more of a problem in getting people to evacuate stricken areas. than in preventing disorderly flight or wild panic. In fact, FACT-Community morale is generally high there is no real comparison between the two problems ately after a disaster. Needs are obvious and. the
2. MYTH-Disaster leaves large numbers of persons an immediate pay-off. Thus, disasters provide e dazed, shocked, and unable to cope with the new realities opportunities for participation in activities which
of the situation. the good of the community. In fact, this hei FACT-People in a disaster area are not immobilized morale within the community has unanticipatec by even the most catastropic events. In general, disaster quences. It tends to condition the relationships I victims react in an active manner and do not wait around the “insiders,” those members of the communi. for assistance by outsiders or offers of aid from orgqniza- have shared the experience, and the “outsiders,‘ tions. They show considerable personal initiative and a persons from outside the community who have c pattern of self and informal rnut.ual help. help, To the locals, it is “their disaster,” and they 3. MYTH-Because of the overwhelming damage to the want any outsiders coming in to take credit for the resources of disaster-affected communities, the ability of during the emergency period. local organizations to perform effectively in handling emergency tasks is severely limited. Coordination the Essential Need FACT-The notion of communities being overwhelm- ediis usually derived from over-estimating the amount of 6. MYTH-A descent into total personal anc disaster-occasioned demand on facilities and under- chaos is possible in stricken communities. Th estimating the number of resources still available after immediate and firm measures, backed by strong impact. In all disasters in recent years in the United ship, are necessary to prevent such a deterioration. States, the amount of destruction in relation to total FACT-Coordination is more crucial than resources in a disaster area is quite low. The same is true leadership at times of disaster. Contrary to some !
population base invoived. Outsides’ judgment of corn- Thus, there is no need for the imposition of
mugity needs in almost every cgse underestimates the controls or dictatorial directions: What is genera] basic resources still available in most communities hit by sary instead is organization of’ all the various i~ a disaster. Food supplies available in households, retail groups dealing with a range of different emergenc: stores, and wholesale warehouses are usually sufficient to lems. This requires the development of coord maintain all the members of most communities for several among them. weeks. Clothing is generally not needed on a large scale. The Ohio State Disaster Research Center em1 Medical supplies are usually available in hospital stocks or that too many people, including disaster planners, from wholesalers in or near the community. However, in the myths as facts. Disaster planners should w the absence of good planning, available resources may not dispel the myths, the Center points out, and shot be used effectively. carefully check to make sure that their disaster p- not reflect incorrect assumptions based upon the There’s No Looting “Planning and policy decisions should be based facts, not myths; upon the real and actual ( 4. MYTH-Anti-social behavior surfaces in disaster problems, not unimportant or imaginary ones
since the latter one almost never exists ate solution is clear enough so that any action r(
with regard to the ratio of casualties to the total cial appearances, disasters do not create total social
areas. Since social control is weak or absent, the dazed Center states.
Reprint by: County of San Diego # # #
Office of Emergency Services Gillespie Field, Santee, California Bullet in A*
.1 (I)
FIRE
0
Natural Disasters
EARTHQUAKE in
0 FLOOD San Diego County
FIRES can control it, use the following meth- EARTHQUAKES
ods to extinauish the blaze:
1. Put out Electrical, Grease, Oil or
Gasoline fires by smothering with
handfuls of SALT, BAKING SODA,
SAND or DIRT.
a. Never use flour. . . it's Explosive! b. Never use water on Grease, Oil,
or Gasoline fires. It will only spread
them!
c. Don't throw water on electrical
d
I_ -.. fires until electricity has first been shut
off at master switch or fuse box.
Destructive fires are an ever present
dan.ger. Here in Sun Diego County,
forest and brush fires are a most ser-
ious danger during the dry seasons.
There are specific things that can be
done, however, to prevent fires and
to control fires.
WHAT TO DO
IN YOUR HOME -
IF - You suspect that any part of
your house may be on fire. . . Do Not
open an inside door without first plat-
ing palm of hand against it.. . If there
is heat.. . or if you see smoke seeping
around the edges . . . DO NOT open
the door!! You could be overcome by
smoke, heat or flames.
IF - The fire is out of coRtrol . . .
get away from the danger . . . ESCAPE . . . then call the Fire Department.
1. Keep the telephone number of
your fire department near your phone.
2. Be sure to give the fire depart-
ment the correct address of the fire. 3. Have heating appliances checked
at least once a year.
4. Check correct size and use of
extension cords. 5. Keep matches and lighters out of children's reach. 6. Don't let children play in canyons. 7. Use and store flammable liquids
8. Don't smoke in bed.
IF - Your clothing catches on fire . . . Do Not Run . . . wrap yourself in
a blanket or rug . . . and roll.
IF - You must rescue someone in a
room that is on fire . . . wrap a wet
around your face, open the door cau-
tiously and, keep as close to the floor
as possible, crawl to the victim. Then
remove him to safety, remaining close
to the floor.
IF - You detect the fire in time and
correctly.
handkerchief, towel or similar article,
2. Extinguish burning paper, rags or
other non-oily trash fires by throwing
water at the base of the flames.
OUTDOORS -
IF - Your neighbor's property is on
fire, help prevent its spreading by
wetting the roof of your house and
garage with the garden hose.
IF - Your house, garage or other
buildings are on fire, Call your Fire
Department, then try to keep it
under control by using your garden
hose. (It is wise to have sufficient hose
to reach any portion of your house or
other buildings on your property.)
BRUSH FIRES -
1. Keep the area around your prop-
erty clear of trash and rubbish.
handy. When wet, they will aid in
fighting fires.
3. Surround your property with Ice
Plant, it is a big help in controlling the
spread of fires.
4. If there is a fire in your neighbor-
hood, keep the exterior of your build-
ings as wet as possible, until the Fire
Department arrives.
5. Do not hesitate to leave for safer areas when advised to do so by Fire
Department officials.
FIRE FIGHTING TIPS
2. Keep a supply of gunny sacks
1. Give your house and yard a good
2. Keep plenty of water on hand. 3. Keep your fire fighting equipment
in good order and ready for use. Know
how to use it. 4. Make your family a fire fighting
5. Don't lose your head. Fires can
6. Never stop fighting a fire except
7. Don't search a burning building
cleaning,
team.
be fought.
to save your life.
alone.
A major earthquake m
sidered as an ever-presen
here, though none has
recent years. Two-thirds c
quake activity in the Unii
centered in the Pacific COI
and mostly in California.
The Elsinore Fault, extc
Pala to the southeastern c
county, near Boulevard, i:
as "active or probably
approximately 32 miles
northwest to near Pala.
The Sun Jacinto Fault i
runs southeasterly betwc
Springs and Clark Lake.
active Sun Andreas Fablt,
1906 Sun Francisco disa
through Imperial Valley. T "probable active" fault:
Onofre in the northwest
county.
Approximately 20 othe
faults" criss-cross the bac
Sun Diego County, accordir
made by the State De
Public Works.
The Long Beach quake
1933 killed 120 persons
damage amounting to !
A slightly greater quake !
ial Valley on May 18,
many people and causin!
$7.2 millions. Another ne
in that valley caused $50
age on July 29, 1950.
WHAT TO DC
IF INDOORS - STAY
Take cover under, des1
bench, or in doorways, ha
windows or skylights. Do
doors!! You may be hi
debris or live electrical w
BUILDINGS - Go to clec stay away from walls,
inside walls. Stay away
IF OUTDOORS - GET 1
w W
and downed wires that could cause
serious injury or death.
KEEP CALM - USE COMMON SENSE - Do not run through, or outside
buildings. The greatest point of danger
is just outside doorways and close to
outer walls.
IN CASE OF FIRE - Call the Fire
Department. Then take what steps you can to control the fire until help arrives.
(Gas, water, and Electricity) unless lines
are damaged. If broken pipes or wires
are found, take the following steps:
A. WATER - If pipes are broken
inside the house, shut off main valve
on pipe bringing the water into the
house.
B. ELECTRICITY - If the house is
properly wired, trouble is very unlikely.
If you are sure there is a short-circuit,
turn off electricity at meter box, by
pulling switch.
C. GAS - If gas pipes are broken
inside the house, close valve at meter
and call your gas company. Only the
Gas Company should re-open meter
to prevent explosions.
DO NOT TURN OFF UTILITIES -
FLOODS
WHAT TO DO
During heavy rains, check your floor
furnace often. If it becomes flooded,
Turn off the pilot light and main
burner. Remove water as soon as pos-
sible, by using a pump, siphon or by
bailing.
IF - The water rises above floor
level, turn off electricity at main switch.
If water enters wall or floor plug-ins,
a short circuit may result, causing a fire.
IF - You have any suspicion that
water coming from the faucets has
been contaminated, be sure it is puri-
fied before use. Purify by boiling, use
of purification tablets, or adding ten
drops of household bleach per gallon
of water and allow to stand for 30
minutes. (If tablets are used, follow
instructions on package.)
Floods in Southern California are not
expected every year as they are in
other parts of North America. However,
the records show that flood conditions
could hit Sun Diego County. In 1916
and in 1927 major floods in Sun Diego
County were real disasters. In 1938
flood conditions in parts of the County
caused damages estimated to cost
$600,000. Local flood conditions may
County during the rain season.
be expected in many parts of the
IF - The area in which you live is
so badly flooded as to make escape
impossible, move your emergency
food, water supply, and blankets to
an upper floor, or to the roof. Keep
calm and wait for rescue.
Do not hesitate to leave for safer
areas when advised to do so.
NOTE: Sandbags may be useful in
protecting your property from flood waters. You should maintain supply
if you live in low area.
DRIVING IN FLOODED STREETS
IF - The brakes on your c
wet, they are useless. You car
them relotively dry by keepin!
pressure on the brake pedal
going through shallow water.
Avoid driving on flooded strc
highways. Particularly avoid dil
low places. - KEEP AWAY FROM DISASTER I
DO -
1. Turn on television or rad
information and instructions. (Us1
automobile or portable battery
ered radio if electrical service i
continued.)
2. Keep flashlight handy.
3. Know the telephone numk
your family doctor or nearest
available in case of need.
4. Learn simple first aid procec
DO NOT -
1. Use candles, matches or
open flames.
2. Enter damaged buildings
they have been inspected anc
proved by the Department of Bui and Safety.
3. Make unnecessary phone
distributed by:
UNIFIED SAN DIEGO COUNTY EMERGENCY SERVICES ORGANIZATION
7939 John Towers Avenue, Gillespie Field, Santee, California 92071
(71 4) 448-461 1
1B- 14
I
d$%aws v *"I C' sp*a*" BE-PREPARED-FOR-FIRE QUIZ
(Under each question, circle the answer or answers you think are
correct, then check with the correct answers in the box below.)
1. What should you do to be ready in case Rre should
strike your home?
(a) Be prepared to carry out furniture
(b) Hove a suitcase already pocked
(0 Have an escape plan for the entire family and practice
(dl Keep a garden hose handy
it often
2. In making your escape plan, why should you
know two different ways to the outside from
your bedroom?
(a ) To make practicing home Are drills more fun
' (b) So I con see different parts of the house when I practice
(c) To keep people guessing how I will come out of the house
Id) Because Are or smoke might block one ercope path
the plan
3. If a window is one of the. two ways out of your
bedroom, what can you use to help you escape?
(a) A paachute, sa I con jump
(c) A tree I can reach from the window and climb down
(b) Porch or garage roofs I can reach from the window
(d) An escape ladder which can be dropped from the window,
ar attached to the wall of the house outside the window
4. Why should you always sleep with your bedroom
door closed?
(a) Sa I can learn to see better in the dark
(b) Because my room will be more quiet
(c) Sa I con turn on my light and read.in bed
(d) Because in case of fire, the closed door would help keep
smoke and flames out of my room
5. If you should wake up during the night and think there is flre, in the house, what should you do?
(a ) Keep my 'door to the hall closed, pound ,n the well and
(b) Open my door to the hall and run to my parents' room
make a loud noise to arouse others, and stay in my room
(c) Put on my clothes
(d ) Stay in bed
6. If you should stay in your room, why?
(a) Because it will give me more time to dress
(b) Because I can gather things I might want to carry
(c) Because there might be smoke or Aomes in the ht
it would be dangerous to open my door
(d) Because it would be too eally to get up
7. If you shoyld stay in your room, how long SI
(a) Until my porents tell me it is safe to open my d
tell me to use the other way to the outside which
(b) Uhtil a little smoke starts coming in oround my b,
planned
door, and then I should leove the door closed and
you stay?
' use my other way to the outside
(c) Until I om dressed
(d) Until I hove everything pocked to carry out
8. In case of fire in your home, why shoul
members of the family go to the same spoi
side the house, and stay there?
(a) So we can ell see the fire engines come up the stre1
(b) So we con see how everyone is dressed
(c) So we can make sure everyone is safely out of the
(d) So we can see any smoke or fla'mes coming out of the
9. In case of flre in'your home, why should th
department be called quickly?
(a) Because ?here is a lot of excitement when the Rre t
(b) Because the firemen would know how to rescue t
(c) Because the firemen can put out the fire more
(d) Because the fire departmenr keeps o record of 01
come
who might still be in the house
when it is small
10. To call your fire department, you should I
the answers to these questions. How man!
you answer.
(0) The telephone number of my flre deportment is:
(b) When I call, I should tell the fire deportment:
(c) The nearest fire alarm box to my home is located a
(d) When I send on alarm from the box, I should:
I
Answers
1. The Ant and Important rule in case of Are is to getout quickly and 6. The correct answer is (c). This is not the time to be cant
safely, without stopping to save valuables or clotlies, and without about dressing or about getting valuables ready to corr
stopping to try to put out the Are. You can do this only if the
family has made an escape plan and has rehearsed it regularly. 7. If there is actually a fire or a suspicion of fire in your
(c) is correct. ' keep your door closed until your porents tell you it is safe
the hall and stairway for your escape. Otherwise use the :
way to the outside which you planned and rehearsed. 2. Two ways out may make home Are drills more fun, but the real
reason is that Are ar smoke might block one route to safety. (a) and (b) ore correct.
(d ) is correct. 8. The correct answer is (c), and this is a very important p
3. A parachute would not work, but porch and gorage roofs or your escape plan.
trees, which you con reach from your window, may help you plan 9. (a) and (dl are both true, but the real reasons ore giy
your second way to safety. In some cases an emergency escape
ladder may hove to be provided for older children copoble
(c) and (d 1. It is safest to call the fire department from a ,
of using one. (b(, (c) and (d).are 011 correct. bar's telephone, or from a street fire alarm box, becaus(
dangerous to stay in o house where there is smoke or Are.
4. Closed bedroom doors are very important for safety from fire. lo. EOch Of You will hove lo supplY tt'e onswers to {a) an
(d ) is correct. For (b), you should give your name and address, and tell is burning. Don't hang up immediately, in case the fire d,
ment needs to ask you a question. For (d), the correct a
could be very dangerous for you to open your bedroom door. is this: Stay at the boa until the fire engine arrives, so yc
Do exactly as it says in the correct answer, which is (a). tell the firemen where the fire is.
5. If you auspect there is a fire in your house during'the night, it
I
A-59
distributed by: UNIFIED SAN DI~
EMERGENCY SERVICES
7939 John Towers Ave e,,... r I-C- - aww
.. 0 FLOOD a
SAFETY RULES
Before The Flood:
1. Keep on hand materials like sandbags, shovels, plywood,sledge, plastic sheeting, and lum
2. Install check valves in building sewer traps, to prevent flood water from backing up in SE
drains.
3. Arrange for auxiliary electrical supplies for hospitals and other operations which are CI
cally affected by power failure.
4. Keep first aid supplies at hand.
5. Keep your automobile fueled; if electric power is cut off, filling stations may not be ablc
operate pumps for several days.
6. Keep a stock of food which requires little cooking and no refrigeration; electric power I be interrupted.
7. Keep a portable radio, emergency cooking equipment, lights and flashlights in working or
When You Receive A Flood Warning:
8. Store drinking water in clean bathtubs, and in various containers, Water service may be
9. If forced to leave your home and time permits, move essential items to safe ground; fill ta
terrupted.
to keep them from floating away; grease immovable machinery.
10. Move to a safe area before access is cut off by flood water.
During The Flood:
11. Avoid areas subject to sudden flooding.
12. Do not attempt to cross a flowing stream where water is above your knees.
13. Do not attempt to drive over a flooded road - you can be stranded, and trapped.
After The Flood:
14. Do not use fresh food that has come in contact with flood waters.
15. Test drinking water for potability; wells should be pumped out and the water tested bei
16. Seek necessary medical care at hearest hospital. Food, clothing, shelter, and first aid
17. Do not visit disaster area; your presence might hamper rescue and other emergency o
18. Do not handle live electrical equipment in wet areas; electrical equipment should be chec
19. Use flashlights, not lanterns or torches, to examine buildings; flammables may be insi
20. Report broken utility lines to appropriate authorities.
drinking.
available at Red Cross shelters.
ations.
and dried before returning to service.
During any flood emergency, stay tuned to
your local radio or television station.
t
Note: These safety rules were compiled from those published by Government agencies,
insurance companies, and the American National Red Cross,
(A-69) 6712 AUL
distributed by: UNIFIED SAN DIEGO COUNTY
EMERGENCY SERVICES ORGANIZATION
7939 John Towers Ave., Gillespie Field,
Santee California 92071 I7141 448 4611
December
.. 0 UNIFIED 0
EL CAJON SAN DIEGO VISTA SAN MA
CARLSBAO CORONADO ESCONDIOO LA MESA OCEANSIDE
CHULA VISTA DEL MAR SAN DIEGO IMPERIAL BEACH COUNTY NATIONAL CITY
7939 JOHN TOWERS AVENUE, GILLESPIE FIELD, SANTEE, CALIFORNIA 92071, PHONE 4484611
Information BL
April 1970
For Coastal San Diego County
. . , . . "DON'T WORRY ABOUT TIDAL WAVES". . . . .
Purpose. To provide information about the effects of seismic sea waves on the COi
areas of San Diego County that are caused by distant earthquakes (i.e. Japan, Ala'
South America).
Terminolopy. Seismic Sea Waves are also labeled "Tsunami" (a Japanese word) and j
Waves. These three terms--although different in their exact scientific meaning--
used as common terms for the sea action generated by an earthquake.
Inaccurate Assumptions. There are two common and inaccurate assumptions about se
sea wave effects: (1) the size of the hazard and (2) comparisons with distant ha
Seismic sea waves hold little potential for catastrophic damage in harbors of San
County. No coastal problem should be anticipated from seismic wave effects gener
by earthquake actions originating in either: (1) the Japan-Alaskan area, or (2)
coast of South America. A seismic sea wave height of 4-5 feet (crest to trough)
probably the largest that could be reasonably anticipated in this area. More lik
anticipated heights would be .5 to 3 feet alopg the coastline of Safi Diego County
The record of seismic sea wave effects at Hilo, Hawaii, and Crescent City, Califc
should not: be associated with wave effects along the coast of Southern California
action in those two locations is conditioned by the shape and profile of the ocea
over which the wave travels and also the unusual configuration of the ocean floor
and & Crescent City. None of those characteristics are similar to San Diego COL
coastline and harbors. Also, don't add to a regular tidal height the anticipatec
of a seismic sea wave -- the phenomena is more complicated than the simple rnathen
of addition.
Tide Ranges and Seismic Sea Waves. During the past 170 years, the effects of sei
waves (on the San Diego Coast and in its harbors) have never exceeded the normal
the tides. Waves from future distant tsunamis have little probability of signif;
exceeding the maximum heights of our normal tides.
The heights of seismic sea waves caused by even the largest earthquakes have new
flooding of the coastal areas of San Diego County.
Recommended Response to "Tidal Wave Alerts".
1. Don't worry about seismic sea waves. Discount completely the idea of a
wave (or wall) of water sweeping across beach areas and the lowlands of
coast in San Diego County.
a seismic sea wave could range from "Minor" to "Moderate" with the diff
depending on the epicenter (center location) of an earthquake and its m
The movement of a seismic sea wave action in a harbor is similar to the
noticeable surging of a regular tide -- but surging caused by a seismic
occurs over a shorter time period and with more turbulence.
2. Harbor surging can be a limited problem. The degree of harbor surging
(OVER)
e e
Continued -- (Harbor Surging)
a. Minor Harbor Surging could result from seismic sea wave action generatec
an earthquake in the Japan-Alaskan Area. (This level of surging was ex1
ienced in our San Diego County harbors from the effects of the 1946 Ale1
Peninsula earthquake that was 7.5 Richter Scale in magnitude.)
b. Moderate Harbor Surging could result from seismic sea wave action generz
a strong earthquake along the west coastal area of South America. (Thiz
of surging was experienced i.n the harbors of San Diego County from the E
of the 1960 Chilean earthquake that was 8.5 Richter Scale in magnitude.)
Surging and "whirlpool" actions could break weak lines, pull loose poor1
fastened cleats and bollards, and cause some damage to floating piers.
(Note: The term ''severe'' surging is not applicable for harbors in San D
County, )
C. Small Craft and Yachts - Precautions. History and experience show clear
that when small craft and yachts are either properly moored, or tied to I
that those precautions are adequate for both minor and moderate surging.
("Properly moored": This simply means good mooring practices expected o
owners (good strong lines, fenders and secure cleats). For example, a I'
moored" boat would be secure during a heavy Northwest or Southwest storm
d. Dredpes, Barges and Large Vessels - Precautions. Good fenders, doubled-1
lines (or chain or wire rope), standbye anchor(s) and a watch crew (if PI
cable) provide appropriate precautions for routine requirements and for I
and moderate surging in the harbors of San Diego County.
e. Putting to sea in small craft and yachts. This is a highly questionable
If there is either minor or moderate surging, proper moorings would be ac
If there is moderate surging in harbors, small craft or yachts getting UI
could have difficulty in maneuvering ana boat control. On trade-off, "pu
to sea" appears to be a higher risk than remaining at either a sound moor
or pier.
f. Piers. "Moderate" surging could cause some damage to fixed and floating
The record shows that this kind of damage is limited to facilities that w
probably marginal in construction and strength. In this situation there
too little time for last minute construction work and the potential of pi
damage may need to be accepted. (The short-cycled effects of a tidal suri
may lower a floating pier. Then, for example, a sudden rise in water levc
could occur in a short time (i.e. 15-30 minures). When this change is COI
with water turbulence a floating pier can be twisted out of its usual alil
The "hang-up" of a floating pier on its pilings is likely also when pilinl
have a large accumulation of marine growth.)
Closing Cormnent. There tends To be aa "over-reaction" to tidal wave "alerts" and "war1
messages. This is understandable. Fbs; addressees of "Tidal Wave Messages" are expect
to interpret the dimensions of the potential hazard, but without adequate statistical
iIlfOl3"EltiOn and historical data being available. Because there is yet to be developed precise prediction system, "tidal wave" warnings seem to be viewed with more alarm thar
is necessary.
For more information call or write to us for our Information Bulletin A-53.
# ?/ #
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I CAUTION: These are emer-
gency actions only. Always call a
doctor if possible. If you cannot
get a doctor or a trained first-
aider and the injured person is in
danger of losing his life, take
one of the six emergency actions
described in this leaflet.
But, firsf, observe
these general rules: 1 Keep the injured person lying down,
with his head level with the rest of his
body unless he has a head injury. In that
case raise his head slightly. Cover him
and keep him warm.
Don’t move the injured person except
to remove him from fire, flood, smoke,
or anything that would further endan-
ger his life.
2
3 Examine the injured person to deter-
mine whether emergency action is nec-
esszry. If he is not in danger of bleeding
to death, or is not suffocating, or has
not been severely burned, or is not in
shock, it is better for the untrained
person to leave him ‘alone. 4 Do not give an unconscious or semi-
conscious person anything to drink.
Do not let an injured person see his
wounds. 6 Reassure him and keep him comfortable.
5
FOR BLEEDING
Apply pressure directly over the wound.
Use a first aid dressing, clean cloth, or
even the bare hand. When bleeding has
been controlled, add extra layers of cluth
and bandage firmly. Do not remove the
dressing. If the wound is in an arm or leg
elevate it with pillows or substitutes. DO
not use a tourniquet except as a last resort,
then leave it on for a doctor to remove.
FIRST AID FOR BURNS Until medical aid arrives
Remove clothing covering the burn un-
a clean dry dressing or several layers of
cloth folded into a pad. Apply a bandage
over the pad, tightly enough to keep out
less it sticks. Cover the burned area’with
life. If you must move the cas
him gently onto a litter or a >
board. Then leave him alone UI
help arrives.
the air. Don’t remove the pad. Don’t Use
Grease, Oil, or Any Ointment Except
on a Doctor’s Order. On chemical burns,
such as caused by acid or lye, wash the
burn thoroughly with water before cov-
ering with a dry dressing.
FOR BROKEN BONES
Unless it is absolutely necessary to
move a person with a broken bone, don’t
do anything except apply an ice bag to the
injured area to relieve pain. If you must
move him, Splint the broken bone-first so
the broken bone ends cannot move. Use a
board, thick bundle of newspapers, even a
pillow. Tie the splint firmly in place above
and below the break, but not tightly
enough to cut off circulation. Use layers of
cloth or newspapers to pad a hard splint.
Broken bones in the hand, arm, or shoul-
der should be supported by a sling after
splinting. Use a triangular bandage or a
substitute such as a scarf, towel, or torn
width of sheet and tie the ends around the
casualty’s neck. Or place his forearm across
his chest and pin his sleeve to his coat. In
this way the lower sleeve will take the
weight of the injured arm.
If a bine has punctured the
the wound with a first aid (
clean cloth and control bleedi~
pressure.
FOR SHOCK
Shock may result from se
broken bones, or other woun
acute emotional disturbance.
person going into shock becon
skin may be cold and moist. H
be rapid. He may become wet
He may become unconscious.
Keep the casualty lying dov
should be level with or IOU
body unless he has a head ir
latter case his head shoulc
slightly. Wrap the casualty w;
B+O,
not permit him to become
Try to avoid letting him see
he is able to swallow, give h
water to drink, with salt and
added. Mix one teaspoonful
one-half teaspoonful of bakin
quart of water. This will he1
severe shock.
If you suspect a broken neck or back do Do not give anything by
not move the casualty except to remove person who is vomiting or s<
him from further danger that may take his or has an abdominal wound.
FOR SUFFOCATION
Suffocation can result from pressure on
the neck or chest, contact with a live elec-
tric wire, drowning, or breathing in for-
eign substances such as liquids, smoke, or
gas. The usual signs of suffocation are
coughing and sputtering or other difficulty
in breathing. As breathing becomes diffi-
cult or stops, the face may turn purple and
lips and fingernails become blue. Uncon-
sciousness will follow quickly unless YOU
act at once.
First, remove the person from the cause
of suffocation. If he is in contact with a
live wire, don’t touch him. Shut off the
current if you can. If not, stand on a piece
of dry wood or on paper and remove the
wire from the person with a long dry stick
or other nonmetallic object.
If the person is in a room filled with gas,
smoke, or water, get him out quickly.
Remove any objects from his mouth or
throat. that may obstruct breathing. Then
apply artificial respiration immediately, as
follows:
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
Place the casualty face downward. Bend
his elbows and place one hand upon the
other. Turn his face slightly to one side
w
and place his cheek on his hands. Kneel
on either the right or the left knee, at the
head. Place your hands on his back so the
thumbs touch. The heels of your hands
should be in line with the casualty’s
armpits.
Rock forward slowly, keeping your
elbows straight until your arms are ap-
proximately vertical, exerting steady pres-
sure on the casualty’s chest. (Caution: too
much pressure here can be damaging.)
Then, rock backward slowly, sliding
your hands to the casualty’s arms just
above the elbows. Continuing to rock back-
ward, raise the casualty’s arms until resist-
ance and tension are felt at his shoulders.
Then lower your arms. This completes a
full cycle.
Repeat the cycles 12 times a minute.
The expansion and compression phases
should be of equal length, and the release
period of minimum duration.
MOUTH TO MOUTH
RESUSCITATION e- ”
SEND FOR HELP
Open Airway . . . Clean out his mouth with
your finger.. .
. . . Lift neck
gently and tilt
his head back . . . hold it
that way.
SOMETIMES THIS WILL BE ENOUGH . . . THE PERSON WILL BREATHE
NORMALLY. IF NOT . . . FOLLOW
THE INSTRUCTIONS ON THE OTHER
SIDE OF THIS CARD. I- I ~ ~~ ~~ ~~ ~~
e
TO MOVE INJURED PERSON
Do not move an injured person e:
to prevent further injury or possible d
If you must move him keep him
down flat. Move him on a wide b
such as an ironing board or door, an
him to it so he won’t roll off.
two other people to help you carry.
must kneel together on the same sic
the casualty and slide your hands u
him gently. Then lift carefully, kee
his body level. Walk in step to prr
jarring, and carry him only far enoui
remove him from danger.
Take your mouth away and watch the ch
fall, now blow again . . . The chest 1 rise as you blow . . . Take your mp
away and the chest will fall. Continue t
rhythm at least 12 times/minute (20 timl
minute for children) until victim 1
breathe for himself.
HEART ASSOCIATIONS IN CALIFORNII 1370 Mission Street, San Francisco 941
EMERGENCY SERVICES (7141 448-4E SAN DIEGO COUNTY OFFICE OF
-. e SAN DIEGO COUNTY
POISON CENTER NUMBER 291-4900
(24 hour answering)
Copyright 1969 American Druggist
ti gist COUNTERDOSES FOP The Home
DO THIS FIRST
0 Send for a doctor- immediately. And do not induce vomiting if pa-
0 Keep the patient warm. tient is having convulsions.
0 Determine if the patient has taken
(1) A POISON To Find The Correct Counterdose
(2) AN OVERDOSE In one of the lists printed at right,
0 While waiting for physician, give ap- find substance causing the trouble.
propriate counterdose below. Next to that substance is a number.
0 But do not force any liquids on the This refers to counterdose bearing
patient - if he is unconscious. same number in the section below. 1 Keep all poisons and medicines out of reach of children
Induce vomiting with
0 Finger in throat, or - 1 tablespoon of syrup of ipecac, or
* Teaspoonful of mustard in half glass of water, or - 3 teaspoons of salt in warm water.
' Give 1 tablespoonful of
* Give glass of milk, or
with a litt{e water. activated charcoal, mixed - Finally, induce vomiting- but not with syrup of ipecac. (See #I)
@ starch paste. Mix cornstarch (or flour) with water. - Then give 4 tablespoons of salt in a quart of warm water to induce vomiting.9rink until vomit fluid is clear.
Finally give glass of milk.
Give 4 tablespoons of thick
QtiiiiiiP
Acids 18
Bichloride of Mercury * 1
Camphor * 1
Carbon Monoxide 12
Chlorine Bleach * 17
Detergents - 17
Disinfectant
with chlorine - 17
with carbolic acid . 4
Food Poisoning * 7
Furniture Polish - 16
Gasoline, Kerosene - 16
= - Induce vomiting. (See #I) Give glass of milk, or
Then give 4 tablespoons /o I@ activated charcoal in water. activated charcoal in water.
of castor oil. Give 2 tablespoons of epsom - Next induce vomiting. (#lj I Give glass ofmilk, or
e Next give glass of milk or I I I falt in 2 glasses of water. a Give artificial respiration. the white of 2 raw eggs. - Keep patient awake. Keep patient quiet.
@ - Next give 2 tablespoons of
Induce vomiting. (See #I)
epsom salt in 2 glasses
where diarrhea is severe. of water-except in cases
o Give 2 teaspoons of bicarbonate of soda in a glass of warm water.
Finally give glass of milk,
Induce vomiting. (See #I) ' . Next induce vomiting. (#I)
. Give a glass of milk. - Give tablespoon of bicarbonate of soda in a quart of warm water. I ~~~
Induce vomiting. (See #l) 0 ;;;.lass of milk or lime @ * Give 2 tablespoons of epsom salt in 2 glasses of water. Then induce vomiting. (See #1) ' Then give 4 02 mineral oil.
Induce vomiting. (See tfl)
Positively do NOT give vegetable or animal oil. . Also give 1 tablespoon Of bicarbonate of soda in a
0 - Give glass of milk, or - Give one tablespoon of activated charcoal, mixed with a little water.
* Next induce vomiting. (#I)
* Give 2 tablespoons of epsom
@ . Make patient lie down.
if necessary.
Carry victim into fresh air, - Give artificial respiration
@ in 2 glasses of water. Give 2 tablespoons of vinegar
Now give the white of 2 . of vegetable oil. raw eggs.. or 2 ounces - Do NOT induce vomiting! I quart of warm water. I salt in 2 glasses of water. 1 I
Give water or milk. I' Give patient one or two 10 Give large quantity of water. ' Then g~ve 4 tablespoons glasses of milk. Give 2 tablespoons of of vegetable oil. milk of magnesia. [ . DO NOT induce vomiting! I I - Do NOT induce vomiting! I
Household Ammonia * 15
Insect & Rat Poisons
with arsenic - 2
with sodium fluoride * 11 with phosphorus * 13
with DDT - 7 with strychnine - 6
Iodine Tincture * 3
Lye 15
Mushrooms 7
Pine Oil - 16
Rubbing Alcohol - 9
Turpentine * 16
Oil of Wintergreen * 9
@iiiiz@
Alcohol * 9
Aspirin - 9
Barbiturates - 10
Belladonna - 6
Bromides - 7
Codeine - 5
Headache & Cold
Compounds * 9
Iron Compounds - 8
Morphine, Opium * 5
Paregoric - 5
'Pep' Medicines * 2
Sleeping Medicines 10
Tranquilizers - 10
EMERGENCY PHONE NUMBERS:
PHYSICIANS .................. POLICE ......... FIRE .........
......................... HOSPITAL ...................
PHARMACIST. ................. AMBULANCE .............
I A-70)
disfribufed by:
UNIFIED SAN DIEGO COUNTY
EMERGENCY SERVlCES ORGANIZATION
7939 John Towers Ave., Gillespie Field, Santee, California 92071 (714) 448-4611
-* WARNING!
Watch out for “detergent gases” !
(EDlTOR’S NOTE We believe thut this article contuins
vitally important information that should immediotdy be
bbomtory depurfments. We also suggest fhot u copy &
made for porting mor yotrr kitchen sink ut home.)
muted to your mainfenance, housecleaning, medical and
4
>
CAWTIOH-KNOW YOOR CLEAHERS
~ ~ ~~ ~~~~
A peculiar accident reported by the National Safety Council involved two housewives in separate cases. Both were using an ordinary toilet bowl cleaner. Not satisfied with the way it was removing stain, each one added some household bleach and stirred with a brush. One died quickly - the other spent a long time in the hospital. A U.S. Navy medical newsletter tells about 20 people being overcome by gas or gases released from a cleaning mixture. Investigation revealed the mixture included a well-known liquid household cleaner, chlorine bleach, and ammonia. What happened in the above cases was that a poisonous gas was liberated when the users decided to use a mixture of two or more common household cleaning agents. When the widely used household chlorine bleach (a sodium hypochlorite solution) is combined with an acid or acid-produc- ing substance, such as a toilet bowl cleaner or vinegar, there is a sudden release of a quantity of chlorine gas. Likewise, when a chlorine bleach is mixed with ammonia, lye, or other alkaline substance, the action will lib erate a highly irritating gas. If the gas is inhaled, in either case, it can cause serious injury and possibly death. Accidents of this type have occurred not only in the kitchen and bathroom, but also in the cleaning and treating of the water in swimming pools. Don’t make the mistake of thinking that because certain household products are good and useful the combination of two or more of them will do a better job than one alone. Very often mixing them is useless and unnecessary, since combined they will not make the job of cleaning easier nor give better results ; and sometimes combining them may be disastrous. Follow the safe rule - use chemical cleaners as the manufacturers direct on the labels, and keep in mind some scouring powders now contain chlorine bleach. It is best, anyway, not to use a hypochlorite (chlorine) bleach in toilet bowls, sinks, or bathtubs, or on electrical appliances, as it can in time injure, dull, or roughen a fine, smooth porcelain surface.
DON’T MIX
Chlorine bleach with toilet bowl cleaners with ammonia with lye with rust remover with vinegar with oven cleaner
110 SHORT
Don’t mix chlorine with any other cleaning agent
Write or call if you would like an information bulletin on:
Poisons
First Aid
Earthquake Precautions
Fire Safety
Flood Safety
Disaster Preparedness
Distributed by:
Unified San Diego County
Emergency Services Organization
7939 John Towers Ave., Gillespie Field,
Santee Califor7’r 9207‘ (7‘1.) L.L.8 L.6‘T
-
= ., DISASTER PREPARED b SS......
sanitation - food
sanitation consists of eating clean foods, drinking pure water,
and disposing of wastes. Here is what you can do about emergency
sanitation.
General Precautions
@ Drink only water or other liquids that you know are safe.
store right now the extra drinking water that your family might
need. Don’t wait for an emergency. 0 Know where to get water for emergency drinking, cooking,
e Be prepared to purify water for drinking purposes in your
own home, if necessary. (See How To Purify Your Drinking Water,
and washing if your outside supply fails.
below.) 0 Eat only safe foods prepared under safe conditions. Keep a
two-week supply on hand, and replace periodically to keep your
stock in good condition.
@ If the emergency lasts for several days and if there is no
0 Provide for the disposal of human wastes in covered con-
tainers when flush toilets are inaccessible or not working. Never ex-
pose human wastes to disease-carrying insects or animals. That’s
how epidemics start. (See Sewage Disposal, below.)
danger from radioactive fallout, bury your garbage.
0 Be ready to take care of frozen foods and refrigerated food
supplies if the gas and electricity are shut off. Eat or cook such foods
before they spoil. Don’t refreeze any frozen foods that have com-
pletely thawed without cooking them first. If the food still contains
some ice crystals, it may safely be refrozen, even though the quality
may suffer.
How to Purify Your Drinking Water
If you do not have enough stored water on hand in your home
following a disaster, you will need to know where to get more from
outside. You will also want to know how to treat the water to make
it safe. Tapwater will be safe at first, but after several days it will be
contaminated if it comes from an open reservoir. If the system is
still working, you will be notified when it is safe to resume using
water drawn from the tap. Follow the instructions of the authori-
ties. In some cases, emergency water rations may be delivered to
distribution points in your neighborhood or you may be instructed
to use water drawn from taps or wells after you have taken certaii
steps to Durify it.
Good methods of purifying water include the following:
0 Boiling: Most water can be purified for drinking purposes by
boiling it for 5 or 10 minutes to destroy the germs. If you wish to
improve the taste of the water after boiling it, let it cool and then
pour it from one container to another several times.
Chlorination: Any household bleach solution that contains
hypochlorite, a chlorine compound, may be used for water purifi-
cation. Bleach solutions having 5.25% sodium hypochlorite by
weight are the most commonly available. You can add the bleach
solution to the water in any clean container in which it can be thor-
oughly mixed by stirring or shaking. The proper amounts to be used
a
can be estimated from the accompanying table.
After addkg the proper dosage and stirring, allow
to stand far 30 minutes. After that length of time, it sho
distinct taste or smell of chlorine. If this taste or smell i
ent, add another dose to the solution and let the watel
another 15 minutes. The taste or smell of chlorine is a sigl
It is not harmful. If you cannot detect chlorine in wate
are trying to purify by this method, do not drink it. TI
may have become weak because of its age or for othl ( AMOUNT O? WAm FOR w W*w
% sal. (1 st)
1 gal. 4 dmpa vi as pa on
0 lodization: Purification tablets that release iodit
water may be used safely. These tablets are not general
in commercial retail stocks at present, but they may (
be found at drug and sporting-goods stores. Use tableb
ance with instructions on the package. Usually one tal
cient for one quart of water; the dosage is doubled for ck
Ordinary household iodine may be used to purify t
titiea of water. Add 2 or 3 drops of tincture of iodine or
tion to each quart of clear water, 8 to 10 drop for cloudy
and allow to stand for 30 minutes.
Other methods of purification may be rccommm
proper authorities if special conditiom arise. Follow I
tiom of your local government officials.
Sewage Disposal
Water flush toilets cannot be used, of course, wher
ice is interrupted. The water remaining in the fixturt
cient to flush the wastes down the sewer. Clogging ma
your living conditions would then become more un
Even if water is available, local authorities may as
use flush toilets, wash basins, and other fixtures connec
pipes. The sewer mains may be broken or clogged, mak
sible to carry off wastes. Water may be needed for
Failure to dispose of human wastes properly can
demics of diseases such as typhoid, dysentery and dian
must be disposed of in ways that will prevent conk
water supplies used for drinking, cooking, bathing, lau
other domestic purposes. Good emergency methods of 1
disposal include the following:
Covered Metal Containers. Almost any covered e
vanized metal container such as a garbage pail will sei
porary toilet. This small vessel may be emptied into a 1
covered, waterproof containep such as a IO-gallon gart
the public sewage system can be put back into actio1
rangements can be made. A small amount of householc
should be added after each emptying, and deodorant
cides should be used to control odors and insect bmdi
ers that cannot be emptied immediately.
Burial. If you have unpaved yard areas nearby,
waste matter under 12-24 in. of earth when you can z
from shelter. Never deposit wastes, liquid or solid, o
of the gmund--insects and rodents may carry infect
llumans.
0 Privies. Where radioactive fallout does not present a hazard,
a temporary pit privy may be constructed in a yard area for use by
several families. The pit should be made flyproof by means of a
tight-fitting riser, seat, and cover. A low mound of earth should be
tamped around the base of the p5vy to divert surface drainage and
help keep the pit dry. A small amount of powdered lime should be
added after each use. Accumulated waste should be covered with
not less than 12 in. of earth when privy h moved or abandoned.
Outdoor toilets should not be located in areas that are subject to
flooding and should be built at least 50 it. from any well, spring, or
other source of water supply. Otherwise, the wastes may contam-
inate water or be washed out onto ground surface where they would
be exposed to disease-carrying flies and rodents.
Garbage and Rubbish Disposal
Garbage, as opposed to rubbish, may sour or decompose and
must be carefully handled if odor and insect nuisances are to be
avoided. It should be kept’separate from rubbish, which is fairly
easy to dispose of.
Garbage should be drained and wrapped in several thicknesses
of old newspaper, then put into a tightly covered container. If p-
sible; keep a 20-gallon garbage can on hand for emergency use
pending restoration of local collection service.
For final disposal if collection service is not reinstated, all
stored garbage should be buried under 12-24 in. of earth to dis-
courage breeding of insects and to keep animals from digging it up.
Do not dump garbage on the ground-this attracts rats and other
scavengers.
Rubbish may be burned in open yard areas or left at dump
established by local authorities. Cam should be flattened to reduce
their bulk. Do not deposit ashes or rubbish in streets or alleyways
without permission-such material may interfere with fire fighting
and other emergency operations.
Each family should keep at least a two-week supply of food and
lution t~ this problem is to keep on hand a somewhat larger stock
of the foods used daily by the family. This plan has the advantage
of automatic rotation of stocks and possible easy reduction of the
investment in food at any desired time with no financial loss.
water on hand. For those planning to use a home shelter, one so-
A ‘seeond solution to the problem is to set up a special emer-
gency stock, packed and ready to move.
In designing a family food stockpile, the important factors am
concentration (food value in relation to volume), food life, and
ease of preparation. Of la importance are palatability and cost.
A balanced ration is not critical, since the stockpile would be used
for only a limited period of time. Select foods that require little
apace for storage, that keep for months without refrigeration, and
that require little or no cooking.
Foods canned in metal or glass wili &y in good condition for
six or more months if kept in a dry cool place-preferably not above
70” l? or below freezing-protected from sun and dust. Replace
canned foods with a fresh supply at least once a year and foods in
paper boxes without added protection at least every three months.
If required, include spec~al 0 milk or strained, chopped, or othe
special foods for infants, toddlers, older persons, diabetics, invalid!
and others on a special diet.
Cans and jars to meet faxnily needs for single meals are bes
for meat, poultry, fish, vegetables, fruit, evaporated milk, and othe
foods which deteriorate rapidly after the container is opened.
The quantities of foods shown on the following list are su
ficient for one adult for two weeks. Teen-agers may need more fooc
and young children may need less, than the amounts recommende
for one adult.
FOOD FOR HOME SHELTERS
The following foods are sufficient to provide an adult with 2,001
calories per day for two weeks. Other foods that are equivalen
may be used, except fruits aid vegetables.
FOOD Im TOTAL WFXGHT DAILY AMOUM
MiU-Nonfst d
Juices-Tomato, grape. apple. only. Store upright.
EWJ 14 02. f w’(Z&:i zoo&
64 02. 34 CUP
%*2*& ; ’:e*&&,: :
I^ll:
, i ~~, Veeetabkb6orn. was. beans. 8~inach. 112 02. 1 CUD
Stern0 I can^ pcr family
‘NOTE: This bulletin was written for
a national emergency. However, all
the information applies for natuzal
disasters.
Reprinted from Stanford Research Institute
booklet “LIVE”.
UNIFIED SAN DlEGO COUNTY
EMERGENCY SERVICES ORGANIZATION
7939 John Towers Ave., Gillespie Field, Santee, California 92071 (714) 448-4611 A -24
*, 0 e
.You can have this
FREE
Booklet
JUST WRITE
OR
CALL YOUR
UNIFIED SAN DIEGO COUNTY
EMERGENCY SERVICES ORGANIZATION
7939 John Towers Avenue
Gillespie Field, Santee, California 92071
Telephone: (714) 448-461 1
Explains What Your Plan Should Be --
for Natural Disasters
Earthquake
Flood
Fire
Medical Self-Help
Care of the Sick and Injured
Mouth to Mouth Resuscitation
Pressure Points to Stop Bleeding
Why Not to Worry about a Tidal Wave
for Nuclear Attack
What is Radioactive Fallout
Warning
Hazards of Nuclear Attack
Public Shelters
How to Make a Hasty Shelter
Disaster Supplies
Radiological Safety
L .- 0 e
Disaster Preparedness for.. . . . .
INDIVIDUALS and FAMILIES
HOW TO STAY READY
Major disasters affect individuals and families in two ways: ... First, by injuries that require immediate first aid
. . .Second, by severe damage to. the "life-support" systems
and then hospital care if needed.
such as: electric power, sanitation, use of major
highways, natural gas, food, and water supplies.
To be prepared for a major disaster, make sure you can be self-sufficient for a'
least 5 days. Here's how---
No, 1, Water, Figure on 1 gallon per day per person, Buy bottled water or bo
" it yourself by putting 3 teaspoon of bleach in for five gallons (this will last
definitely and won't be harmful). If you can't have stored water, it is possib
to get water from a hot-water heater or from the tank of a toilet, If in doubt
water purity, boil at least 5 minutes before using.
No. 2. Lighting. Flashlight batteries last only a few hours. Candles, gasoli
propane, or kerosene lanterns are best.
No. 3. Cooking. Keep cooking at a minimum. When there is no power, urban pec
will find that charcoal is probably the best fuel. REMEMBER, ONLY USE IT IN A
THAT HAS GOOD VENTILATION. To start charcoal DO NOT USE GASOLINE, only especi:
made charcoal lighter fluid or shredded paper. A few pieces of splintered wooc
the paper can help. When starting charcoal, fan the small embers to get it goi
No. 4. Food. You will probably find you already have enough food in your home
last for 5 days or more. If you don't, buy canned or boxed foods you can store
a long time. Remember, don't store for long periods acid type foods such as tr
up. No special disaster foods are necessary; however, if you think you will hq
plenty of water, dehydrated foods are good because they can be stored for many
No. 5. First Aid. You should have ordinary first aid items such as an antise
bandaids, and those items that can be used for minor cuts and bruises. Even i.
major disaster, medical services usually are restored in a short time.
No. 6. Special Medicines. You people who need special medicines must remembe
that you should have at least a 3 day supply on hand. If you run out in a dis
and your local pharmacy is not operating, ask someone to help you find your fa
physician, the nearest pharmacy, or hospital. In an extreme emergency contact
station or police station for help.
No. 7. Radio. If you can, have a small and inexpensive one-battery operated
in your emergency kit. Keep the battery detached from the radio. This makes
longer. The battery should be replaced every 6 months. If you don't have a I
your neighbors probably will.
toes, navy beans, and similar vegetables, These can "go sour" in the can and E
OVI
m * i
No. 8. Public Information. Your local government and the news media will put out
public information guidance. The best thing to do in a local disaster is to first make Sure YOU, your family, and neighbors are safe. Then, stay put until you find
out the situation and can decide what to do next.
No. 9. Evacuation Information. If you must evacuate your house or apartment the
first things to take are :
1. Special medicines and glasses. Take your special medicines and eye-
glasses. You may need these right away after you evacuate your house
or apartment. 2. Legal papers. Birth certificates, car ownership slips, insurance pape:
and legal papers that would be hard to replace. (You should keep these
together in one place where you can get at them quickly.)
hard to replace if you leave them behind.
are costly to replace.
3. Jewelry and watches. These are small, lightweight, and usually very
4. Clothing and beddinq. These are quick and easy to take. Also, they
5. Kitchen equipment. If you have time, take kitchen equipment that you
use for cooking, These can be put in a box and are lightweight.
6. small items. Small radios, TVs, and expensive items can be taken if
7. Last Items. If you have a truck and the time, the last items to take
you have the room in your car and the time to load.
are your large and heavy appliances and furniture.
Now you know "How to Stay Ready". If you want information on What To Do in a
Disaster" such as a ... flood, fire, earthquake, poison accident, tidal wave, and
other emergencies, just write or call your:
UNIFIED SAN DIEGQ COUNTY
7939 John Towers Ave,, Gillespie Field, EMERGENCY SERVICES ORGANIZATION
Santee, California 92071 (714) 448-4611
Octaber 1973 (A-90)