Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout1983-06-21; City Council; 6973-1; Revised Regional Solid Waste Management PlanI L / CIT JF CARLSBAD -- AGENDA ALL 3 AB 6 713—L TITLE: ,/ AMENDMIT TO REVISED SAN DIEGO REGIONAL DEPT. HD. MTG. 6121193 SOLID IIASTE MANAGMENT PLAN -- CITY ATTY HAZARDOUS WASTE EL51ENT DEPT. DS CITY MGR. RECOMMENDED ACTION: Adopt Resolution No.'7,2� () approving the Hazardous Waste Element of the Revised � San Diego Regional So Waste Management Plan. ITEM EXPLANATION: The San Diego Regional Solid Waste Management Plan, 1982-2000, was adopted by the County of San Diego with approval of the Cities within the County. The plan out- lines the policies and programs needed to safely dispose of waste products, including hazardous wastes, generated or used in the county. These policies eventually result in ordinances regulating the handling and disposal of waste materials. The Hazardous Waste Element of the original Regional Solid Waste Management Plan was considered by the County and their advisory committees to be inadequate. Revisions are being proposed that strengthen and define the policy and program statements. The new Hazardous Waste Element, being presented for Council consideration, would establish policies and procedures to identify businesses that generate hazardous waste and would establish surveillance programs to prevent illegal disposal of hazardous wastes. County staff would establish information programs to educate small generators of hazardous wastes in the proper methods of handling, storage and disposal. They would also cooperate in helping to locate a hazardous waste disposal site in the seven southern counties region. A Hazardous Incident Planning Committee, comprised of local agency representatives, would be formed to plan ways of dealing with accidents and finally, the responsibilities of the various county departments involved in the hazardous waste program would be defined. State law requires the Element to be approved by a majority of cities within the county, who are now considering it. The State Department of Health Services will also review and approve the Element. The County Board of Supervisors will hold a hearing on August 16, 1983. The attached Executive Summary is for information. The complete document is on file in the office of the Assistant City Manager/Maintenance Operations. Recent hazardous waste ordinances adopted by the City are consistent with the New Hazardous Waste Element. A county representative will be on hand to make a presentation and answer questions. FISCAL IMPACT: Adortion of tha proposed Hazardous Waste Element will create no demand on city resources other than staff -time in attending training sessions. Page 2 of AB# (2 73 - Ii- 1 E)(HIBITS: 1. County Department of Public Works letter dated May 2, 1983. 2. Executive Summary - Hazardous haste Element. 3. Resolution No. �20. ��StVE IS Ty O T ®F SCAN DIEGO 7. C� y yN 01[� n �L�TTY CA � Gl O °•'oo DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS BUILDING 2 5555 OVERLAND AVENUE R. J. MASSMAN, Director SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92123 ? Offices of: /6!� / TELEPHONE (619) 565 5177 nn 5 9 County Engineer .�V� r`�'� �\ County Road Commissioner May 2, 1983 ''���Z°83 € County Surveyor 7 / County Airports �t CEr1 Flood Control R � C --1 I V�j E D 'cC—' gF CAIISRAD Liquid Waste �`Z C-@tS3r9' C4t,F. P Solid Waste p Transportation Operations Mr, f• rank Al eshi re, City Manager CITY OF CA €—SL;AL) City of Carlsbad Developmental Services 1200 Elm Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 SUBJECT: Draft Hazardous Waste , Element fPlan Revised 1982-2000n Diego Regional Solid Waste Dear Mr. Aleshire: Enclosed is a copy of the draft Hazardous Waste Element of the recently adopted Revised San Diego Regional Solid Waste Management Plan, 1982-2000. The Haza-dous Waste Element is an amendment to the Revised Plan. During the recent County Solid Waste Management Plan revision process, the Board of Supervisors established the Hazardous Waste Management Project because of the Boards concerns regarding proper handling and disposal of hazardous waste in the San Diego region. The Hazardous Waste Management Project was directed to prepare a comprehensive hazardous waste management element for the County Plan. Since state law requires that solid waste management plan revisions be completed within 12 months, the Board of Supervisors chose to proceed with a more thorough hazardous waste element and handle it as an amendment to the Revised Solid Waste Management Plan. This attached document will replace Chapter VIII of the Revised Plan. State law [Government Code § 66780.5(c)] requires that "any amendment to the plan shall be approve(, by a majority of the Lities within the county which contain a majority of the population of the incorporated area of the county...." Additionally, Government Code § 66780.7 requires that the hazardous waste element be submitted to the State Department of Health Services for review and approval. 3 -2- The adoption schedule calls for docketing the Hazardous Waste Element on August 8, 1983 for hearing by the Board of Supervisors on August 16, 1983. In order to be able to attend hearings for all 16 City Council meetings, we would like to schedule a hearing by your City Council for Wednesday, June 8, 1983. We have attached a draft resolution that we ask your City Council to adopt. As we have discussed, 1 copies of the report and 6 copies of the Executive Summary are being forwarded. Staff would like to meet with you to review the element prior to your City Council meeting. If you have any questions, please call Sharon J. Reid, Solid Waste Program Manager, at 565-3987. Very truly yours, H. E. Sortie Assisi Director R. J. MASSMAN, Director Department of Public Works RJM:JMQ:dsf Enclosures 0 L( rm HAZARDOUS WASTE ELEMENT OF THE SAN DIEGO REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN SAN DIEGO COUNTY BOARD OF SUPERVISORS PAUL FORDEM, CHAIRMAN TOM HAMILTON, VICE CHAIRMAN ROGER HEDGECOCK LEON WILLIAMS PAUL ECKERT PREPARED BY SECOND DISTRICT FIRST DISTRICT THRID DISTRICT FOURTH DISTRICT FIFTH DISTRICT HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT PROJECT STAFF CLIFFORD W. GRAVES CHIEF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER March 31, 1983 d Cal CHAPTER I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Hazardous wastes are the dangerous chemical remains of a technologically advanced society dependent upon goods containing chemicals or using chemicals in their manufacture. Sources of hazardous wastes include manufacturing and service industries, hospitals, research facilities, agriculture, government and households. The development of approximately 2,000 new chemicals each year is beneficial to our economy and supports our high standard of living. These same chemicals, however, pose significant potential problems to our health and the environment. I The need for a comprehensive management program is documented amply by numer- ous recorded instances of human injury, illness, and death, and cases of severe environmental damage from improper and careless handling, transporta- tion, and disposal of hazardous wastes. EPA has documented well over 400 such cases. These cases reveal that many current problems have occurred because of poor management practices of the past. Even though past activities may not have been strictly illegal al at the time Americans are now " " paying the price for many past mistakes. For example, EPA estimated in 1979 that the job of cleaning up unsafe abandoned chemical dump sites and improving current sites now operating under environmentally unsound conditions could cost as much as $44 billion. i HAZARDOUS WASTES AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS A Hazardous Material is "any substance or mixture of substances which is toxic, corrosive, flammable, an irritant, a strong sensitizer which generates pressure through decomposition, heat or other means, if such a substance or I-1 mixture of substances may cause substantial injury, serious illness or harm to humans, d=a stic livestock or wildlife." According to Section 25117 of the Health and Safety Code, "Hazardous waste" means a waste, or combination of wastes, which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may either: (a) Cause, or signifirzntly contribute to, an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible, illness. (b) Pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed. Unless expressly provided otherwise, the tern "hazardous wast-" shall be understood to also include extremely hazardous waste. i Extremely hazardous waste is "any hazardous waste or mixture of hazardous wastes which, if human exposure should occur, may result in death, disabling, personal injury or illness because of the quantity, concentration, or chemical characteristics .". Hazardous and extremely hazardous wastes are listed by chemical component in sections 66680 and 66685 of California Administrative Code. LEGAL AUTHORITY Although numerous federal and state statutes over the past decade and a half have directed the attention of regulatory agencies to the problems associated with the management of hazardous wastes, the law which established the frame- work for the national solid and hazardous waste management program was the I-2 - . ;r-4k Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA). Another federal stat- ute of great importance was the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compen- sator and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA), which established authority for the Federal Government to respond directly to releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances which may end;nger the public health and welfare. This act also created a $1.6 billion "superfund" to initiate the cleanup of the nation's most serious hazardous waste dumps. The State of California preceded the Federal Government in enacting meaningful legislation dealing with hazardous waste management. Early statutes of signi- ficance were the Porter -Cologne Water Quality Act of 1969 and the California Hazardous Waste Control Act of 1972, which was the first comprehensive hazar- dous waste control law in the United States. Many additional laws have since i been passed by the legislature which have refined and strengthened the origi- nal act. Two important laws recently enacted were the Carpenter-Presley- 1 1 Tanner Hazardous Substance Account Act, which created a $10,000,000 state "superfund" to meet the state's responsibility to provide matching funds under the federal "superfund" program mentioned above and to supplement that pro- gram, and Assembly Bill 1543 (Chapter 89, Statutes of 1982), which established the State Hazardous Waste Management Council and directed the preparation of a State Hazardous Waste Management Plan. GOALS AND POLICIES FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGENENT Goals and policies for the safe management of hazardous wastes were adopted by the San Diego Association of Governments (SMDAG) Board of Directors on August 16, 1982 and by the San Diego County Board of Supervisors on January 11, 1983. While the goals statements are the same, there are minor differ- ences in three of the 27 policy statements. I-3 The six goals statements are: ° To de,telop a comprehensive program for the safe management of hazardous wastes in San Diego County. To promote the use of proven and safe hazardous waste management technologies which reduce dependence on land disposal. ° To accelerate the siting and permitting of new hazardous waste management facilities which help to protect air, water, and land i resources. ° To ensure that the public has an opportunity to participate in ` decisions on hazardous waste issues. ° To encourage local agencies to assume greater responsibility for ensuring the safe management of hazardous wastes generated within their jurisdiction. i ° To encourage industry to assume greater responsibility for developing a regional hazardous waste management system in cooperation with local governments. This plan describes those actions which have already been taken to achieve these goals in San Diego County and recommends additional measures which are considered essential to an effective hazardous waste management program. HAZARDOUS PASTE GENERATION IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY In considering the generation of hazardous waste, it is important to make the distinction between those wastes which are managed at the ulace where they are produced (onsite) and those which are turned over to a hazardous waste manage- ment company to treat, recycle or dispose of at another location (offsite). I-4 Although the reliability of the information available on wastes which are man- aged onsite is doubtful, figures indicate that this category accounts for 88 percent of all hazardous waste produced throughout the county. Approximately 85 percent of the total is managed onsite by five companies. The source of this information is the RCRA Part A applications which were filed in 1980 5y firms which operate treatment, storage and disposal facilities. These appli- cation forms were not well explained, and the regulations provided for heavy penalties for under -reporting and no penalty for over -reporting. It is there- fore believed that these quantities may be considerably overstated. Information on the wastes managed offsite is based on manifests of shipments of hazardous waste, by category, and was summarized and reported monthly from January 1979 through June 1981. Since mid-1981 no information has been fur- nished to local agencies regarding these shipments. The average monthly quan- tity which was shipped from San Diego County locations during this period was 3,500 tons for an annual rate of 42,000 tons. Acid and alkaline wastes con- stitute over 80 percent of all wastes generated in San Diego County which are managed offsite. The primary sources of these wastes are the electrical and electronic equipment industries and the metal plating and fabricating indus- tries. A small generator of hazardous waste is defined as one which produces less than 1000 kg. (about 2,200 lbs.) per month. Under Federal law, small genera- tors are exempt from regulation; however, under California law all generators, however small, are regulated. A great deal of concern is expressed at nation- al, state and local levels that small generators, while producing not more than 5 percent of all hazardous wastes, may be responsible for a significant I-5 proportion of all illegal disposal. The reasons for this concern are that small generators often do not have ready access to information on hazardous wastes laws and regulations, and in some cases do not have a convenient and affordable hazardous waste collection and disposal service available to tl)em. An important element of an effective hazardous waste managment system is the development of a reasonably priced method of disposal of small quantities of hazardous wastes being produced by small businesses and individual house- holds. EX1STIli6 'HAZARDOUS PASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM The management of hazardous wastes includes the functions of storage, collec- tion, transportation, treatment, recycling, and disposal. As a general rule, temporary storage occurs wherever waste is generated and otherwise handled. The major concern with storage practices is to ensure that containers fully protect against any type of release of hazardous substances. Whenever storage tanks deteriorate through age or because of some external I -actor, a major pol- lution of the ground, air or water may result. Other areas of Califarnia are discovering groundwater contamination resulting from the leakage of under- ground storage tanks. In some localities it is feared that leakage may have gone undetected for years. While the conditions that are most conducive to groundwater contamination problems are not prevalent in San Diego, the Region- al Water Quality Control Board is concerned and is considering the initiation of a study of this problem. Hazardous waste collection and transportation services are provided by a number of firms in the county, although -the cost of service to the small generator is quite high. As a general rule, the cost of pickup of a single drum of hazar- I-6 dous waste (55 gallons) is approximately $100. As quantities increase, the incremental cost decreases substantially. A need exists for a "milk run" type of collection service, where a collector can make a number of pickups on a pre -established route, which could result in a substantial reduction in the cost of collection of a single drum of waste material. As a means of reducing transportation costs for wastes generated by householders and businesses which produce only minute quantities, the County of San Diego has sponsored AB 1015 (Killea), which would allow an individual to transport up to 5 gallons or 50 pounds of hazardous waste in a private vehicle to an authorized facility. The charge for disposal of 5 gallons or less at the Appropriate Technologies II facility is $5.00. Prior to January 1983 all hazardous wastes produced in San Diego which were managed offsite were either trucked directly to a land disposal site or were delivered to the hazardous waste transfer station operated by the BKK Corporation on Miramar Road in San Diego for consolidation and subsequent rehaul to the BKK landfill in West Covina. Since November 1980, there has been no land disposal of hazardous waste in San Diego, with over 90 percent of the county's offsite wastes going to West Covina. Other Class I and II-1 sites in Imperial, Los Angeles, Santa Barbara and Kings Counties received the remainder. In January 1983, the BKK Corporation opened the first offsite hazardous waste treatment center in southern California at the site of the County's Otay land- fill. This facility, called Appropriate Technologies II, neutralizes acidic and caustic wastes, and separates oily wastes for recycling. The facility also functions as a transfer station for small loads or other types of waste material. I-7 SURVEILLANCE AND ENFORCEMENT Liquid hazardous wastes are fairly easy to hide, and are therefore often dis- posed of illegally. The relatively high cost of legitimate disposal also pro- vides an inducement to illicit disposal activities. Because of the great potential for injury to human health and the environment due to improper dis- posal, a vigorous surveillance and enforcement program is essential. Such a program was authorized by the County Board of Supervisors in June, 1982 to be carried out in the unincorporated area of the county. The board also directed staff to seek authorization from all city councils to conduct the program within the cities. However, to date only five cities have joined in the pro- gram. The program, conducted by the County Department of Health Services, is financed by a permit fee assessed against each hazardous waste generator. Another function of the program is to investigate and initiate enforcement action against any party who has been disposing of waste at an unauthorized site or in an unauthorized manner. Although only a few such sites have been found in San Diego County, there may be many more which have yet to be report- ed. The key to elimination of these dumps lies in the effectiveness of local authorities in discovering the responsible party (or parties) and in success- fully prosecuting them, if necessary, for these violations. Financial support is available for the elimination of major hazardous waste dumps through state and federal superfunds. HAZARDOUS VASTE FACILITY NEEDS In order to determine the county's need for new hazardous waste treatment or disposal facilities, it is necessary to estimate future hazardous waste production. In performing this analysis, seven factors were considered which I-8 could potentially have , significant effect on our capability to manage the future waste stream. These are: ° What effect will the new, more stringent state and federal regulations have on those facilities which are presently managing their hazardous wastes onsite? Will major hazardous waste generators now disposing of their wastes offsite construct new onsite treatment facilities? ° What effect will the County's new enforcement program have on the amount of wastes being sent to offsite facilities? ° What effect will an economic recovery have on the amount of hazardous wastes being produced? ° What effect will industrial growth in the region have on the arnunt of hazardous waste produced in the next 10-20 years? ° What would be the effect on local hazardous waste management if the BKK lanoFil1 in West Covina should be suddenly close � What effect will the new state regulations restricting land disposal of high priority wastes have on the need for additional treatment facilities? Analysis of these factors shows that only twn - industrial growth and the County s Enforcement and Surveillance Program - are expected to affect the i amount of waste generated. In addition, the possibility of the premature closure of the BKK landfill would present a serious hazardous waste management problem. The Enforcement and Surveillance Program, which will involve actual onsite inspection of all hazardous waste generators, may have a substantial impact I-9 2 on the amount of hazardous waste being managed offsite. It is believed that po:;sibly as much as 10,000 tons per year are presently being disposed of by unauthorized means. If all cities in the county approve this program, the amount of hazardous wastes being disposed offsite may increase by 20-25 percent. It is difficult to predict what effect industrial growth will have on hazar- dous waste production. In the absence of specific information on the types of new industrial facilities, the size and location of such facilities, and whether or not they will install onsite treatment equipment, an assumption was made that future facilities would follow the existing pattern and that the amount of hazardous waste being managed offsite per civilian industrial em- ployee in the county would remain constant. Therefore, hazardous waste pro- duction is estimated to increase at the same rate as civilian industrial employment. Based on this factor, and estimating that the Enforcement' and Surveillance Program will capture 10,000 tons per year, it is estimated that 84,000 tons per year of hazardous waste will require offsite management by the year 2000. The Appropriate Technologies II facility, in its present configuration, has a treatment capacity of approximately 60,000 tons per year. Since about 60 percent of the total waste stream is considered treatable by these processes, this facility will be adequate to treat the major waste streams through the remainder of the century. By the same token, existing hazardous waste land disposal facilities, all located outside San Diego County, are calculated to have sufficient capacity I-10 to meet all of Southern California's needs for another 25 years or more. However, any of these sites could conceivably be closed on very short notice. If this should happen to the BKK site in West Covina, which receives over 90 percent of the wastes from San Diego County which go to landfill, the cost Of shipment to an alternate facility would increase by about $28 per ton, or $560 per load. HAZARDOUS PASTE FACILITY PERMITTING PROCESS There are essentially two parts to the hazardous waste facility permitting process. The first involves a discretionary action on the part of a city or county as to whether or not a land use permit should be issued. The other part involves the issuance of permits by state or regional agencies which generally prescribe the conditions under which the facility may be allowed to operate. A facility must have a permit to operate issued by the State DOHS and will normally require a permit from the Regional Water Control Board and the Air Pollution Control District. The entire siting and permitting process is presently being studied by the State Hazardous Waste Management Council under a mans;ate from the state 1 egi sl ature. ORGANIZATION AND FINANCING The role of local government agencies in hazardous waste management is lim- ited, on one hand, by state and federal preemption of certain management and regulatory functions. On the operational side, private industry is presently managing the collection, transportation, treatment, recycling and disposal functions with a degree of financial strength and technical and manageriai competence that is not likely to be matched by a public agency. The remaining functions are mostly assigned to County departments - primarily the Department of Health Services and Department of Public Works. Supporting roles with specifically defined limits are held by the Office of Disaster Preparedness, Department of Planning and Land Use, and the Air Pollution Control District. While the Department of Health Services alone is responsible for conducting the Enforcement and Surveillance Program, the management, planning and infor- mation efforts are shared with Public Works. Close coordination between these departments and a formalized recognition of each department's responsibilities is considered essential to the effective management of this program. ENERGENCY RESPONSE Hazardous material incidents, alV,)ugh usually minor, may on occasion require the involvement of numerous federal, state, and local agencies, and the cir- cumstances may require emergency actions to protect lives and property. While most agencies responding to such incidents have received some training in carrying out their specific responsibilities, it is apparent that certain de- ficiencies exist. There is clearly a need for interagency planning and coor- dination, emergency equipment, and training exercises. I-12 SIGNIFICANT FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FINDING #1 The processing and dissemenation of essential information regarding the quan- tity and types of hazardous waste being manifested for offsite disposal was suspended nearly two years ago, although the hazardous waste manifest system continues to provide the basic data from which waste stream information is drawn. The lack of this information severely hinders our ability to manage hazardous wastes. Recommendation Ensuring that the necessary informtion gets into the hands of state and local regulatory agencies requires a two-step aproach. r 1. All generators of hazardous waste must be identified and the types and 3 quantities of hazardous waste must be documented, regardless of the } manner in which the wastes are presently being managed. The County DOHS Enforcement and Surveillance Program should be implemented on a countywide basis to insure that the sources of hazardous wastes i throughout the county -are known. 2. The County of San Diego and all cities should encourage the State DOHS to resume the production of regular reports of wastes being managed offsite and distribute these reports on a regular basis to local agencies responsible for hazardous waste management. FINDING #2 There is ample evidence that illegal disposal of hazardous waste on the ground and into the sewerage system continues to occur. Although the extent of illegal dumping i.: not known, it is believed to be substantial. This report I-13 12- U concludes it could be as much as 10,000 tons per year from small generators alone. Recommendation The County DOHS Enforcement and Surveillance Program, assisted by regular reports from the State DOHS of wastes being properly manifested for offsite disposal, will be able to identify these illegal disposers in the course of its inspection of hazardous waste generators. The inspection effort, however, { will only be effective if the personnel involved are trained in their duties and have the necessary backup support from the State DOHS. It is recommended that the County of San Diego sponsor state legislation to mandate that the State DOHS provide state financed training for local field investigators and prosecutors in the preparation of cases against violators; state testing facilities which can provide quantitative and qualitative analyses of samples within a reasonable time period and at a reasonable cost; and systematic and consistent interpretations of laws and regulations pertaining to the enforce- ment program. s FINDING #3 Most larger businesses have staff personnel who are w:11 informed on federal and state laws relating to hazardous waste management. A large number of small businesses, however, do not have the means of keeping abreast of changes in the law or of the myriad of regulations which affect their business opera- tions. Another problem of the small generator of hazardous waste is that the cost of any legitimate hazardous waste service is very high and may even exceed the original price of the material when purchased. I-14 Recommendation The County DONS Enforcement and Surveillance Program, if implemented on a countywide basis, will be able to provide all small generators with the infor- mation they need to comply with all applicable hazardous waste laws and regu- lations. In addition, it is recommended that the County sponsor an informa- tion program for householders and other targeted groups on the dangers of hazardous chemicals in the home, utilizing the resources of private business firms and associations, community groups and other governmental organizations. It is further recommended that the County actively seek the support of other f public agencies and private associations for Assembly Bill 1015 (Killea), i i which will provide a safe, economical means of disposal of small quantities of hazardo. s waste. FINDING #4 It is expected that the quantity of hazardous waste available for offsite treatment, recycling or disposal will increase from 48,000 tons in 1981 to approximately 84,000 tons per year by the year 2000. This increase will occur as a result of the "capture" of wastes now being improperly disposed of and as i a result of industrial growth in the county. This report concludes that the treatment capacity pesently available at the Appropriate Technologies II k facility is adequate to serve the projected quantities of waste types which C can be treated at that facility. Recon..nendation Although the land disposal facilities now serving San Diego County have suffi- cient capacity to meet our needs for the foreseeable future, we could be in serious difficulty if the BKK disposal site in West Covina should be prema- turely turely closed. It is recommended that the County of San Diego continue to I-15 work cooperatively with other counties in Southern California to locate another Class I disposal site somewhere in the seven county area. It is also recommended that the County continue to cooperate with the other counties to site additional treatment facilities on a regional basis for those waste streams not treatable at Appropriate Technologies II. Of greatest need is an incinerator for hazardous organic wastes. FINDING # 5 Although no hazardous material disasters have been recorded in San Diego County, incidents of a minor to moderate scale are occurring at the rate of several each week. These incidents are occasionally serious and require the participation of numerous federal, state and local agencies. Experience with these incidents has shown that while most individual agencies are capable of carrying out their own responsibilities, there is clearly a need for areawide planning, acquisition of response equipment and training of emergency response personnel. Recommendation As directed by the San Diego Unified Disaster Council on March 10, 1983, a Hazardous Material Incident planning committee should be established to pre- pare a countywide Hazardous Materials Incident Response Plan. In addition, a program should be immediately developed for the countywide utilization of emergency response equipment which may be made available through the state "superfund" program. FINDING #6 Existing agencies within the county are capable of carrying out the local government responsibilities in an efficient manner. These responsibilities I-16 have primarily been assigned to various departments and offices of the County of San Diego, although some responsibilities, especially land use decisions, are retained by the city governments. A Memorandum of Agreement between the County Departments of Health Services and Public Works was executed in August, 1981. Recommendation Because of changes which have occurred in the County's hazardous waste manage- ment activities since the current Memorandum of Agreement was signed, this agreement should be revised to reflect current program management needs. The recommended assignment of departmental responsibilities are set forth in Chapter XI. I-17 H III 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 1a 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 E�Lj RESOLUTION NO. 7260 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA, APPROVING THE HAZARDOUS WASTE ELEMENT OF THE REVISED. SAN DIEGO REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN (1982-2000) WHEREAS, the Nejedly-Z'berg-Dills Solid Waste Management and Resource Recovery Act of 1972, hereinafter referred to as the I'Act", requires each county, in cooperation with affected local jurisdictions, to prepare a comprehensive, coordinated solid waste management plan; and WHEREAS, said Act also requires -that such plan shall be consistent with state policy and any appropriate regional or sub - regional solid waste management plan; and WHEREAS, said Act also requires that amendments to the solid waste management plan shall be subject to the approval by a majority of the cities within the county which contain a majority of the populat!on of the incorporated area of the county; and WHEREAS, the County of San Diego has prepared the Haz2rdous Waste Element of the Revised San Diego Regional Solid Waste Management Plan (1982-2000) in conformance with the Act and is submitting this amendment to the plan to the City Council of the City of Carlsbad for approval; NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Carlsbad as follows: 1. That the above recitations are true and correct. 2. That the Hazardous Waste Element of the Revised San Diego Regional Solid Waste Management Plan (1982-2000) is hereby approved. n 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 11 18 19 20 21• 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 3. That the objectives set forth in the element; the method and organization for implementation of the programs contained in the element; the general procedure for financing the recommended hazardous waste management program; and the general role identified in the element for the City in implementing this cooperative effort for management of hazardous waste in an economical and environmentally acceptable manner are hereby approved. PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED at a regular meeting of the City Council of the ;ity of Carlsbad held the 21st day of June , 1983, by the following vote, to wit: AYES: Council Members Casler, Lewis, Kulchin, Chick and Prescott NOES: Nme ABSENT: None hRY I' 4LER, Mayor iA ATTEST: •T A . f 7lc.Lf City C1�'}rIc (SEAL) - 2 - %6 my��ot\VE is TyFA�m y o COUNTY OF SA.N DIEGO 0 OCc`DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS R. J. MASSMAN, Director BUILDING 2 5555 OVERLAND AVENUE SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92123 Offices of: TELEPHONE: (619) 565.5177 County Engineer County Road Commissioner County Surveyor County Airports Flood Control Liquid Waste Solid Waste Transportation Operations April 29, 1983 Mr. Frank Aleshire, City Manager City of Carlsbad 1200 Elm Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 ! MAY1983 CITY OF CARLSSAD CARLSBAD, CALIF, SUBJECT: Revised tan Diego Regional Solid Waste Management Plan, 1982-2000 Dear Mr. Al eshi re: Enclosed is a copy of the final Revised San Diego Regional Solid Waste Management Plan, 1982--2000. The Plan has received the unanimous approval of all sixteen incorporated cities in the region, the County Board of Supervisors, and was adopted by the California Waste Management Board at their meeting of November 18-19, 1982. This Plan will remain in effect until 1985. Attached is a copy of the distribution list for the final Revised Plan. Should you wish additional copies, they are available at a cost of $14.00, which includes the cost of printing and tax. A charge of $3.00 will be made for mailing outside a 30-mile radius from the County Operations Center. If you have any questions, please contact Sharon Reid, Solid Waste Program Manager, at (619) 565-3987. Very truly yours, H. E. Sortie Assistant Director . J. MASSMAN, Director Department of Public Works RJM:JMQ:sn Enclosure ae Fj DISTRIBUTION LIST Final Revised. San Diego Regional Solid Waste Management Plan, 1982-2000 County Board of Supervisors California Waste Management Board a SANDAG ¢ City Managers City Planning Directors County Planning Director Executive Committee Plan Revision Committee Technical Advisory Committee County Libraries } 'County Bookmobiles Governmental Reference Library San Diego Central Library Chula Vista Public Library Coronado Public Library National City Public Library Oceanside Public Library Carlsbad Public Library Escondido Public Library College and University Libraries Public Works Advisory Board Ecology. Centre l County Department of Planning and Land Use County Department of Health Services Dr. Phil Pryde, SDSU State Department of Health Services County Office of Disaster Preparedness Herzog Contracting Corp. Solid Waste Industry Committee USMC - Camp Pendleton San Diego Chamber of Commerce Revised San Diego Regional Solid Waste Management Plan 1982-2000 BOARD OF SUPERVISORS Cnm Paul W. Fordem, District 2 VChm Tom Hamilton, District 1 Roger Hedgecock, District 3 Leon L. Williams, District 4 Paul Eckert, District 5 Department of Public Works R.J. Massman, Director ' IS ThfgG< is Qy��0�1VE o yncuco n % �o �yto `O • R. J. MASSMAN, Director Offices of: Pat County Engineer f County Road Commissioner County Surveyor County Airports Flood Control Liquid Waste Solid Waste t Transportation Operations COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS BUILDING 2 5555 OVERLAND AVENUE SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA 92123 TELEPHONE: (619) 565.5177 CREDITS f Sri The following Department of Public Works team prepared this Plan: t John S Burke D t C Sft i 14 epu y ounty Engineer, Solid Waste Division Sharon�J. Reid Solid Waste Program Manager Julia M. Quinn Environmental Management Specialist II James W. Magee Senior Civil Engineer Eric L. Swanson Assistant Civil Engineer The material on the SANDER Project was provided by: Kathy Warburton Assistant Director, SANDER Project The hazardous waste information was prepared by: Clarence Kaufman Program Manager, Hazardous Waste Management Project Herb Sher Occupational Health Engineer, Department of Health Services With valuable assistance in graphics preparation from: Sergio Azuela Assistant Civil Engineer, Solid Waste Division Gary K. Sword Chief, Public Works Mapping Section John McBride Manager, General Services Central Printing Special thanks go to the Department of Public Works Word Processing Staff: Janet Pineault Senior Word Processing Operator Donna Fisher (Word Processing Operator Sharon Nobles Word Processing Operator . MASSMAN, Director partment of Public Works ! IS T y�4G �r ...a)r, o COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO `c`�� DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WORKS ' R. J. MASSMAN. Director BUILDING 2 5555 OVERLAND AVENUE Offices of: SAN DIEGO. CALIFORNIA 92123 + FA County Engineer TELEPHONE: (619) 565.5177 t County Road Commissioner July 15, 1982 ! County Surveyor jfw County Airports Flood Control fLiquid Waste { Solid Waste i Transportation Operations i� !„ Annually Californians generate 36 million tons of trash. That's enough waste to fill an eight lane freeway feet deep! running from the Oregon border to Tijuana, 10 Approximately 2 million of those tons are t County. generated in San Diego ' The San Diego Regional Solid Waste Management Plan was adopted in 1978. The State Government Code requires that "County solid waste management plans prepared, pursuant to Section 66780 shall: (b) Be reviewed, and revised, if 1.4 appropriate, at least every three years and revised where necessary to be 14 consistent with State Policy". The attached document revises the 1978 Plan. Trash can be viewed as a waste or as a _resource. The County of San Diego considers it to"be 'the latter. The San Diego Regional Solid Waste Management Plan Revision provides an overview of how we deal with this resource. r# Three comnittees were formed to provide input to this Revision: (1) a Solid 14 Waste Plan Revision Committee, (2) a Technical Advisory Committee, and 0) an Executive Committee. These committees have reviewed the revisions and provided valuable input. i ! j A specific membership list of the Revision Committees is included in Appendix A. tl The County's 1978 Solid Waste Management Plan was a first time effort in compliance with State and Federal requirements for solid waste management planning. This revision builds on that work. Since 1978, there have been numerous changes throughout the region. these include: tie 1. Population increased over 10% and population centers shifted. ;4 2. The cities of Lemon Grove, Poway and Santee incorporated. kW 3. Waste characteristics have altered. 4. Public awareness and concern about waste management has increased. 5. Stronger emphasis has been placed on recycling and resource recovery. . 6. Concern over hazardous and toxic waste management has increased. i 7. Increasingly, the public resists siting any kind of solid waste disposal facility. 8. The Federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (and amend- ments) was enacted. 9. Increasingly, elected officials have recognized the need for more involvement in solid waste management. Increased funding constraints have limited the level of involvement, however. 10. Legislation encouraging generation of electricity and guaranteeing a ready market for the power produced has been enacted. The draft Plan was distributed to all sixteen incorporated cities in the region; the San Diego Association of Governments; the -County Departments of Planning and Land Use, Health Services, Air Pollution Control District; along with other applicable agencies in the region. State law requires that the Plan be adopted by a majority of the cities in the region with a majority of the population. The Plan has received the unanimous support df all sixteen incorporated cities in the region. The County Department of Planning and Land Use reviewed the Plan as required pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and prepared a Negative Declaration for the Plan. This recommendation was adopted by the County Environmental Review Board and was subject to a 15-day public review period on the local level and a 30-day state agency review period. Review of the draft Plan, on the State level was coordinated by the Office'of Planning and Research,. State Clearinghouse. The State Clearinghouse distri- buted the Plan to such agencies as the State Solid Waste Management Board, the Office of Appropriate Technology, Department of Transportation and Air Resources Board. Comments on the draft Plan were received from various state agencies during the review period and responses have been prepared and incorporated into the final Plan. Managing the 2 million tons of trash generated annually by San Diego County residents is a challenging task. To accomplish this task efficiently requires a cooperative effort among citizens, government agencies and the private sector. As in many fields in which much has been accomplished, there remains more to be done. j r� Vpp'. MASSMAN, Director artment of Public Works J TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY CHAPTER I - OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY Page 1 I-1 ,.� Geographical Consi-derations--------------------------------------- 1-1 EnvironmentalQuality --------------------------------------------- I-1 Agencies Involved in Solid Waste Matters I-2 Population Trends -------------------------------------------------• I-4 Solid Waste Characteristics --------------------------------------- I-4 Summary----------------------------------------------------------- I-5 P� d� CHAPTER II - STORAGE AND COLLECTION Solid Waste Storage ----------------------------------------------- II-1 Collection of Solid Waste ----------------------------------------- 11-5 Safety------------------------------------------------------------- II-8 Summary----------------------------------------------------------- II-9 CHAPTER III - WASTE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL III-1 Y Waste Generation ------------------------------------------------ III-1 ' Disposal of Waste ----------------------------------------------- III-4 y Existing Disposal Site Operations---------------^+,_______--_y__ III-8 Future Disposal Needs for the San Diego Region III-27 Completed Landfills --------------------------------------------- III-39 Summary------------- -------------------------------------- ------ III-42 CHAPTER IV - RECOVERABLE RESOURCES IV-1 .w Obstaclesto Salvaging ------------------------------------------- IV-9 Summary---------------------------------------------------------- IV-16 CHAPTER V - HIGH TECHNOLOGY RESOURCE RECOVERY V-1 California's Goal ---------------------------------------- ------ V-3 Resource Recovery in San Diego County ---------------------------- V-3 Summary----------- ----------------------------------------------- V-12 CHAPTER VI - THE INTERIOR ZONE VI-1 Collection of Solid, Wastes --------------------------------------- VI-1 Rural Container System ------------------------------------------- VI-4 Disposal of Interior Zone Wastes --------------------------------- VI-14 Resource Recovery in the Interior Zone --------------------------- VI-15 Financing the Interior Zone -------------------------------------- VI-17 Summary ------------------ -------------------------- -------------- VI-18 i r-- TABLE OF CONTENTS ( continued) Page CHAPTER VII - SPECIAL WASTES VII-1 Obsolete Automobiles -------------------------------------------- -------------- VII-1 VII-2 Agriculture Wastes -------------------------------- VII-5 BulkyWastes --------------------------- __--_-------------------- VII-6 Dead Animals ----------------------------------------- VII-7 Sewage Sludge Residues -----------------------"'-_______________ VII-9 -, UsedTires--------�--------------------------------------------.. VII-11 Summary------------------------------------- CHAPTER VIII - HAZARDOUS AND POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS WASTES VIII-1 Legal Basis for Hazardous Waste Management _____________________ -----__ VIII-2 - VIII-8 San Diego County Hazardous Industrial Wastes _____________ VIII-12 ' Infectious/Biohazardous Wastes_______________________________ VIII-14 ; Radioactive Wastes ---------------------- ------ VIII-15 , Explosives-__________________-----___---__-_-- Explosives -_---_ Incinerator Residue from Resource Recovery Projects ------ VIII-16 VIII-16 7 Southern California Hazardous Waste Management Project --------- VIII-18 .' Responding to Emergencies -------------------------------------- - VIII-19 Summary ------•________________ ------------------------------ IX-1 .1 CHAPTER IX - LITTER Quantities, Composition and Dis'ribution of Litter -------------- IX-1 - IX-2 - Litter Control in San Diego County --------- IX-7 ' The Great California Resource Rally -------------------__________ IX-8 - Summary ----------------------- ---------------------------------- CHAPTER X - FINANCING AND ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT X-1overview -� X-1 -► ---------------------- Existing Organizational and Financing Mechanisms ---_+__^--------- X-8 Organizational Alternatives ------------------------ X-11 Financing Alternatives ------------------------------------------- X-13 Financing Capital Expenditures ------------------------ - X-17 "'� Summary-------------------------- --------------=---------------- CHAPTER XI - CONTINGENCY PLANNING XI-1 � XI-6 Summary--------------------------------------------------------- CHAPTER XII - LOCAL ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES ----------------------------- XII-1 Components of a Solid Waste Local Enforcement Program ----------- XII-1 J im F SUMMARY E i ii SUMMARY OF REGIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN ' t 1982-2000 WITH ACHIEVEMENTS, GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR t 1982-85 E During development of the first Regional Solid Waste Management Plan, an overall goal was established: To provide a system for managing the generation, storage, col- lection, transportation, reuse and disposal of solid waste in an economical manner which protects the public health and welfare, conserves natural resources and energy, minimizes littering and illegal dumping and generally enhances the environment." The initial Plan was developed over a four-year period, 1973-1977. It reflected an era of growth in public agencies. In the nine years since 1973, the public climate regarding government has altered significantly. f + However, even in an era of increasing limitation, much envisioned in the initial Plan has been accomplished. tg The purpose of this section is to summarize the contents of the chapters of this Plan, and to identify the goals to be attempted during the three years f tit between this revision and the next. i i For user's convenience the Revised Plan has been divided into two volumes. Volume One contains the elements of the Plan; Volume Two contains background a and reference data which supplements the information in Volume One. An implementation schedule for the 1982-2000 period is included, as is a review of and status report on the Implementation Schedule contained in the original Plan. Mid- and long-range goals to be attempted have also been identif•;ed and are W included in the implementation schedule. Mid -range is defined as within a ten year time frame; long-range is up to the year 2000. w -1- . t, �i 104 SUMMARY Overview of the Study Area - Chapter I To develop an effective and comprehensive plan for the management of solid ;tastes in the County, it was essential to identify those characteristics which influence regional solid waste generation and disposal patterns. This Chapter provides an introduction to the geographic, geopolitical and demo- graphic makeup of the County. f Few major changes took place during this interim. Three cities were incor- porated; the 1980 census established a population increase of 10% over that projected, thus accounting for the 8% increase in the amount of trash buried over 1977 projections. ' Significant changes in the amount of rainfall were experienced, thus lending meteorologists to predict a shift to "wet years." There were also major changes in air pollution control standards. The former is important because of the potential impact to groundwater by landfill operations; the latter -� impacts resource recovery projects. Storage and Collection - Chapter II On a day-to-day basis, storage and collection are the solid waste management functions which most immediately and directly affect the lives of the ' region's residents. This Chapter describes and evaluates waste storage and collection practices in the coastal region, the densely populated, western I third of San Diego County. Collection service throughout the County appears .01 to be satisfactory. i Waste Generation and Disposal - Chapter III f This Chapter identifies waste generation and disposal in the County. A fare - cast of solid waste volumes to the year 2000 is included as well as a review 1 ! of existing solid waste disposal facilities and their anticipated capacities. -2 - Is The information in this Chapter builds on the Solid Waste Allocation Matrix I, developed in the initial solid waste planning process. Recoverable Resources - Chapter IV i Consumer discards which still have commercial value provide the feedstock for a major industry in San Diego County. Secondary materials salvage activities are basically a profit -motivated industry, but they are also a practical 4� approach to the conservation of natural resources and energy. r m 14 The recyclable materials discussed in this Chapter are those which are con- sidered to have the greatest potential for reuse. These include metals, paper, textiles, plastics and glass. They are typically recovered at the source or at intermediate transfer centers. i This Chapter differs from the following in that it focuses on smaller scale, k labor intensive, less technical techniques. ResourceRecove - Chapter V i r This chapter discusses the other spectrum of resource recovery - the large scale higher technology facilities which convert part of the solid waste stream into energy. !4 Three projects are discussed: ° The 200 ton per day Zl Cajon Resource Recovery Demonstration Facility ,. ° The Palomar Transfer Station ° The 1200 ton per day San Diego Energy Recovery (SANDER) Project Interior Zone Management - Chapter VI +' The solid waste management systems of San Diego County have been divided into urban and interior regions. This Chapter is concerned with solid waste management in the interior region. -3- While encompassing about 65 percent of the County's land area, the interior region has less than three percent of the population. Because of the sparce population, area residents rely almost a-ntirely upon County agencies for services. Solid waste services presently consist of ten rural container facilities and one small volume landfill. The rural container sites are actually storage facilities. Under contract with private handlers, these wastes are transported,to County landfills. Between 1976 and 1980, contract costs rose dramatically. In part, this escalation reflected the closure of the Descanso landfill which serviced the higher volume southern portion of the Interior Zone. This added 26 miles to the transportation costs for the solid waste generated in this region. Funding alternatives for this region are also discussed. Special Wastes - Chapter VII Special wastes include automobile hulks, agricultural wastes, bulky items, dead animals, sewage sludge, street sweepings and tires. Individually, none of these waste categories present major problems in solid waste management at j the present time. Collectively, however, problems of substantial dimensions could quickly arise if established disposal procedures are not followed. t Current quantities and disposal practices are reviewed. Resource recovery opportunites are also discussed. Hazardous Wastes - Chapter VIII Recent State legislation has modified review and approval procedures for the hazardous waste element of county solid waste management plans. The State Department of Health Services has been designated as the review agency for this element of the Plan and has issued guidelines accordingly. This Chapter discusses the impact of RCRA, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, on hazardous waste management practices, including the closure of the only Class I landfill in San Diego County. -4- �a 1 The County has initiated a Hazardous Waste Management Project to develop �t 1 recommendations for a comprehensive hazardous waste program. A A review of major legislative proposals, especially a siting study conducted by the State Department of Health Services, is provided. The Emergency Response Plan is also included for ease of reference. Litter - Chapter IX Litter is a special problem in solid waste management. It is trash which has been carelessly discarded or accidentally scattered in places where it may be f visually offensive, ecologically harmful or hazardous to health and safety. Of great assistance to local agencies in combating the growing litter problem was the Litter Control, Recycling and Resource Recovery Act of 1980. This legislation -provided "pass -through" funding to cities and the County for various litter clean-up and enforcement programs. Unfortunately, the program was eliminated by the Legislature during 1981. Financing and Organizational Development —Chapter X This section of the Plan summarizes solid waste responsibilities and financing practices within the San Dieqo region. It also includes alterna- tive organizational and financing models which could be used to meet the region's solid waste needs. 1"iO, Because of recent developments in State legislation limiting the financing ` capabilities of local government, no significant changes in the solid waste organization are anticipated. The exception to this is the SANDER Project, a joint powers agreement between the City and County of San Diego. A public -private mix for ownership and operation for this large resource recovery facility is under consideration. -5- Contingency Planning - Chapter XI In order to protect the public health and preserve the environment, it is essential that solid waste services not be interrupted. If waste removal is not done on a regular and timely basis, refuse accumulates and will become a potential health hazard. If disposal operations are interrupted, haulers are unable to discharge their loads and collection services must be suspended. This Chapter reviews contingency planning for both labor related stoppages and natural disasters. Local Enforcement Agencies - Chapter XII During development of the Plan, legislation was enacted requiring designation of Local Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) for health ant non -health related solid waste matters. The State Solid Waste Management Board has required designated LEAs to devel.op enforcement programs and to submit them to the State for review. The State also requires that these LEA Programs be includea in this Plan. In San Diego County, most agencies designated themselves for non -health related matters. The County Department of Health Services was designated by all agencies for health related matters. } The State Solid Waste Management Board is the designated LEA for non -health related matters for the City of San Diego. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Based on the review of solid waste management and planning practices conducted during the revision process, the following major conclusions on solid waste management and planning practices have been reached: Collection and Current practices are satisfactory. The combination of Storage: public and private service providers has resulted in an efficient and effective collection system. -6- PW W Waste Generation adequate disposal facilities exist for current solid waste and Disposal: volumes. However, long range planning, acquisition and completed fill maintenance have been inadequately -� considered. Recoverable Current levels of recycling must be increased. Public Resources: access to recycling centers, information and education programs and new markets for recovered materials must be encouraged. Resource The SANDER Project is a vital component of a solid waste Recovery: system which does not rely solely on landfilling. Its continued support is critical to avoid a garbage crisis by the end of this century. 4� Other recovery projects in the North and East County are also necessary. Interior Zone: Current efforts to decrease the cost of this transportation system must be continued. Alternative funding mechanisms and opportunites for resource recovery must be pursued. Special Wastes: Handling practices for these special wastes are adequate. Opportunites for recycling, waste exchange and recovery must be investigated. ' Hazardous This sensitive field requires special attention. Without Wastes: adequate tracking, this component of the waste stream can pose a serious threat to the public health and safety. + Adequate handling facilities, volume reduction, recycling, waste exchanging, and recovery must be provided. The newly created Hazardous Waste Task Force, charged with development of a comprehensive management program for hazardous wastes, should assist greatly in this area. -7- 1 I Litter: San Diego County is an attractive tourist area. In order to maintain its attractiveness, litter cannot be allowed to become a problem. However, fiscal constraints on local governments threaten existing levels of abatement and education. The public and private industry must realize their responsibility to avoid as well as abate this nuisance. Expansion of "Workfare," honor camp and other available work force programs is necessary. Finance and Funding constraints have generally impacted general fund Organization: revenues available for solid waste activites. User fees, revenue from recovery activites and other sources of funding have become increasingly more important. Long- range funding programs for resource recovery, operations, future facility acquisition and maintenance must be developed and implemented. Contingency Emergency and disaster planning contingencies must be Planning: maintained. Implementation Schedule _ Initial Schedule and Summary of Achievements During 1976-1981 i l MANAGEMENT i 1. 7/77 9/77 - Establish and implement a Solid Waste Enforcement ! Program. As required under the Solid Waste Control Act of 1976, the County and fourteen of the sixteen cities have designated an enforcement agency, or agencies, to enforce solid waste management standards within their respective jurisdictions. Poway and Santee, as well I as any other newly incorporated cities, will make their z designations as appropriate. ( 2. 7/77 - 1/78 - Establish collection, disposal, resource recovery, a and special waste contingency planning programs. The SANDER Project and the BKK and Palomar Transfer stations have contingency plans. The County of San Diego has established a Hazardous Waste Contingency Plan. The City and County of San Diego have general and site specific plans. i M 1 d1 tj a� r.� ' 1' i a r. 3. 7/75 - 1/2000 - Plan review and revision. The San Diego Regional Solid Waste Management Plan will be reviewed and revised as necessary, every three years, as required by existing State law. The first revision will be submitted to the State Solid Waste Management Board by September, 1982. 4. 7/77 - 6/78 - Consider establishment of a Solid Waste Advisory --s Committee. The Public Works Advisory Board serves as an on -going citizen input .� body for solid waste matters. In addition, a Solid Waste Advisory Committee for the San Diego Energy Recovery (SANDER) Project Board -� of Directors has been created. Responsibilities of this group may be expanded to include other facets of the waste spectrum. On an ad hoc basis, citizen committees have been formed, including the Ad Hoc.Committee on Contracting Landfill Operations, the Interior Zone Advisory Committee, and the Technical and Plan Revision Committees for this Plan. This approach will continue to be utilized. WASTE GENERATION CONTROL 1. 7J77 - 1/2000 - Maintain HADOPT waste generation computer model. Maintenance of the waste generation computer model, now known as SWAM I, is an on -going responsibility of the Solid Waste Division. The model has been revised and is used in planning for waste disposal. A revision to include differing fee schedules will allow for more latitude in applying the model. 2. 7/78 - 2000 - Establish waste reduction programs: a. Public Education Programs. The County of San Diego has increase a scope ot'its Public Information and Education Program provided through contract with the San Diego Ecology Centre, Inc. and the San Diego City/County War Against Litter (WALCO) Committee. b. Communit Action Programs. Support for community programs is included n the LC0109y Gentre and WALCO contracts. C. Supeort Waste Reduction Legislation. All proposed legislation dealing With solid waste is reviewed. Those items of legisla- tion specifically dealing with waste reduction are supported as ' appropriate. "' 3. 1/79 - 6/79 - Evaluate the feasibility of separate collection �«+ program/assist in program implementation. Because of rapidly rising collection costs and unstable secondary materials markets, a separate collection program for the San Diego region is uneconomically feasible at this time. However, the A -9- 1e YN County was awarded grant funds in the amount of $191,000 in FY 80- 81 to construct three buy-back centers. Centers are located at the Sycamore and Otay landfills and one is proposed at the San Marcos Landfill. M 4. 7/77 1/2000 Assist and coordinate volunteer recycling pro- grams. The County and City of San Diego both have contracts with the San 9 Diego Ecology Centre for conducting a public awareness program to encourge voluntary recycling. The program is aimed at recycling aluminum cans, newsprint, glass and high grade office and ledger ' paper. STORAGE AND COLLECTION [ 1. 1/78 - 6/78 - Encourage adoption of Plan's model ordinance to en- ' sure acceptable and uniform storage standards, including the incor- poration of storage facilities in new and remodeled buildings. Because of increasing awareness about solid waste, more planning f departments are requiring that adequate waste storage and handling facilities be provided for new and substantially remodeled �! buildings where practical. Stationary compactors are being installed at a significant number of large commercial and ` industrial complexes. 2. 7/77 - 1/2000 - Encourage implementation of innovative storage concepts. The Department of Public Works encourages the implementation of innovative storage concepts. As new technology is developed, staff reviews the technique with respect to its application to existing }� situations. 3. 1/77 - 1/2000 - Ensure that at least once weekly waste collection 4 service is available. State law requires that garbage shall not be allowed to remain on the premises more than seven days. Where waste collection services are provided, the minimum collection frequency is once weekly. 4. 7/77 - 7/78 - Ensure bulky item collection service is available. ,.tl Bulky item collection is generally provided in the metropolitan i areas of the County, usually at a fee, except in the City of San , Diego. Bulky items in the City are handled on an individual basis. Many other cities schedule special "bulky item" collection days. S. 7/77 - 1/2000 - Assist cities in waste collection rate analysis on rJ request. This staff assistance is available when requested. -10- 4 0" 6. 7/77 - 7/79 - Mandatory collection feasibility studies. With the incorporation of new cities, efforts toward establishment of mandatory collection are advancing. 7. 7/77 - 7/79 - Conduct feasibility study for optimizing service areas of private haulers within jurisdiction. -� The County's solid waste ordinance removed restrictions on the number of collection permits that could be issued in I.ny given area of the County. Private haulers are self-regulating with respect to optimizng their respective service areas. 8. 1/78 - 7/78 - Seek legislative action to exempt collection vehicles from Section 22515 of the California Vehicle Code. Section 22515 of the California Vehicle Code provides that no vehicle shall be left unattended with the .4T4 engine running. This rule in effect places certain constraints on the utilization of one -person collection crews. This concern should be pursued by the collection industry. Jt «� 9. 7/78 - 7/79 - Establish Collection Safety Program. Safety is essentially a responsibility of the collection industry. 10. 7/77 - 1/78 - Encourage participation in Injury Reporting System 4 (IRIS). +A This federally funded program is no longer in effect. -d 11. 1/78 - 7/78 - Investigate feasibility of shift to one-man collection crews. The feasibility of one -person collection crews has been well established. WASTE TRANSPORTATION 1. 7/77 • 7/78 - Establish right to designate disposal facility as a t condition of collection franchise or permit issuance. The County has the right to direct solid waste haulers to transport solid waste to a designated landfill or to a resource recovery ' facility. This has been included in the County's solid waste ordinance. -11- e t 4 NI 2. 1/77 - 1/2000 Maintain and update computer model to minimize i transportation costs. This is a continuing task of the Department of Public Works. 3. 7/77 - 7/78 - Study alternative methods for providing service to the Interior Region to reduce costs without sacrificing service levels. This has been an on -going part of the Solid Waste Division program. PROCESSING AND REUSE 1. 7/77 - 1/2000 - Demonstration and operation of El Cajon Resource Recovery Facility. The County is exploring means of utilizing this inactive facility prior to dismantling. 2. 1200 TPD Metropolitan Resource Recovery Facility. ~� a. 1/76 7/77 Feasibilit study A feasibility study has been completed. b. 7/77 - 6/81 Select, desi n and construct facilityRequest For roposa s ave been so is to rom a private sector. c. 7/81 2000 Start up and erate facility The project is experte to ecome Operationaloin 1987. 3. 800 TPD North County Processing Facility. ..a The Palomar Transfer Station was constructed and became operational in October 1979. 4. 1/82 - 2000 - Plan and implement additional resource recovery as economic feasibility is determined. The search for viable and economical methods for resource recovery is a continuing task of the Department of Public Works. t 5. 7/77 » 2000 - Program to encourage expanded use of retreaded tires and reclaimed oil. 1 The choice between new tires and retreaded tires is primarily a *01 matter of economics, safety and customer preference. Approximately 20-25 percent of tires discarded in San Diego County are retreaded. + The "Used Oil Recycling Act," or SB-68, was enacted in 1978 to provide for the management of used oil and promote the use of reclaimed oil in California. ! -12- 1 94 DISPOSAL (Coastal Region) 1. 7/78 - 6/79 - Close existing Jamacha Landfill. Jamacha Landfill closed Janua�ly 1978. 2. 1/79 - 6/80 Close existing Miramar Landfill. Estimated closing date for the existing North Miramar Landfill is October 1982. 3. 1/82 - 6/83 - Close Montgomery'Demolition Landfill. Estimated closing date for the Montgomery Demolition Landfill is 1990. Fewer buildings are being demolished in San Diego than initially estimated. 4. 6/81 - 6/82 - Close existing Oceanside Landfill Operation. Establish Oceanside replacement or expansion. �t Oceanside Landfill was closed permanently in July 1980 by direction of the Oceanside City Council. No replacement is proposed. 5. 1/82 - 6/83 - Close existing Bonsall Landfill. Estimated closing date for the Bonsall Landfill is 1985. 6. 7/76 - 6/77 - Acquire additional acreage at Otay Landfill. An additional 250 acres were acquired for expansion of the existing site and became operational in June 1979. 7. 7/78 - 6/80 - Establish Jamacha replacement. A Jamul Landfill proposal was rejected by the Board of Supervisors. 8. 7/78 - 6/80 - Establish South Chollas replacement. A landfill is no longer a land use option for the proposed North Chollas site. 9. 7/78 - 12/80 - Establish Miramar's replacement. It is anticipated that West Miramar Landfill will become operational during the summer of 1982. -13- �T 10. 7/80 - 6/82 - Establish Bonsall's replacement. A replacement facility will be sought during the effective period of this Revision. 11. 7/77 - 6/78 - Establish North Coastal Landfill. The San Marcos Sanitary Landfill, replacement for the Encinitas Landfill (April 1977), became operational in June 1979. INTERIOR REGION 1. 7/77 - 7/78 - Investigate the feasibility of contracting for operation of low volume landfills. The Board of Supervisors awarded a contract for private operation of the County's six sanitary landfills in November 1981. 2. 7/77 - 7/78 - Close Borrego Springs Container Facility. The Borrego Springs Container Facility wasclosed concurrent with the opening of the adjacent landfill. 3. 7/77 - 7/78 - Modify the Julian and Campo container site operation l4 by contracting for full services. The current service contract provides for full service, including removal of bulky wastes and litter cleanup. 4. 1/79 - 7/79 - Replace Viejas Landfill with a Descanso Site. , The Descanso Site became operational in January 1979. Because of a potential for groundwater contamination, it was necessary to close the site in September 1979. The site is presently being operated ` as a temporary bin station. 5. 1/76 - 4/76 - Establish a container site at Barrett Junction. The Barrett Junction site was established and opened in February 1976. t 6. 7/77 - 9/77 - Institute a total gate fee financing structure for County operated landfills in Coastal Region. It is Board of Supervisors' policy that the fee structure recover � full costs of the service. Full cost recovery through fees is anticipated in FY 82-83. 7. 10/77 - 7/78 - Investigate land use fee system to partially support Interior Region Solid Waste Management. i -14- o .i l ■I Iry e The Board approved the Interior Zone Alternatives Committee N ZAC) recommendation that the 20% General Fund commitment to support the Interior Zone operations is satisfied by fully funding the Interior Zone from the Solid Waste Enterprise Fund. LITTER REDUCTION 1. ;/78 - 7/79 - Establish regional coordination of Anti -litter Program. The County served as regional coordinator for the disbursement of State grant litter funds. However, the State Program has been discontinued. 2. 7/78 - 7/79 - Identify optimum location and numbers of litter receptacles. The-Iocation and number of litter receptacles are the responsibil- ity of each respective agency. 3. 7/78 - 7/79 - Development of local anti -litter plans and programs. These programs are the responsibility of each jurisdiction. 4. 7/78 - 7/79 - Adoption of comprehensive litter control ordinance. The County solid waste ordinance provides a comprehensive litter control program in the unincorporated areas. Cities within the region either enforce provisions of respective local ordinances or State litter laws. SPECIAL WASTES 1. 7/77 - 1/2000 - Monitor rates of vehicle abandonments. The responsibility for enforcing the State's Abandoned Vehicle Abatement Program is that of the California State Highway Patrol. Additionally, the City of San Diego operates its own Abandoned Vehicle Abatement Program. 2. 7/77 - 1/2000 - Monitor agricultural waste generation trends and develop programs to mitigate problems which may result from agri- cultural wastes. The disposal of agricultural waste in San Diego is not a problem at this time. State Solid Waste Management Board staff has developed and incorporated standards for disposal of agricultural waste into its Minimum Standards Code. They are found in Chapter 3, Article 8 of the California Administrative Code. -15- .y 3. 7/79 - 7/80 - Develop methods of disposing of or reusing crop residues which are currently burned in the Eastern Air Pollution Control District. w See response under item 2 above. 4. 7/77 - 7/78 - Cooperate with Federal, State and local regulatory `- agencies in developing criteria for use of sewage sludge residues. Cevelopment of a coordinated State Sludge Management Program is contingent upon promulgation of Federal guidelines. North County sewer districts are investigating alternatives for sludge disposal. 5. 1/78 - 1/2000 - Promote the composting of street sweepings with other materials for use as a final cover for sanitary landfills. Because street sweepings contain paper, broken glass, metal cans and the like, they are not considered suitable as a final cover. The City of San Diego incorporates tree trimmings in the final over. 6. 1/78 - 6/78 - Investigate slicing or shredding used tires prior to landfill disposal or processing. Tires have a tendency to move up through the landfill cover due to their resilliency. Shredding the tires may alleviate this problem, but it is costly. Unless there is a significant breakthrough in --, tire shredding technology, no further action is planned on this item. Other tire disposal technologies will be investigated as they become available. 7. 7/76 - 1/2000 - Regulate the disposal of waste offs. The responsibility for managing non -hazardous waste oil disposal is assigned to the State Solid Waste Management Board. HAZARDOUS WASTE CONTROL 1. 7/77 - 7/78 - Identify the County's short- and long-term needs and capacities for hazardous waste disposal. The State Department of Health Services is the lead agency for «�# hazardous waste management in California. The Department of Health Services is presently engaged in surveying hazardous waste genera- tion and in monitoring the handling and disposal of these wastes through a system of shipping manifests. A Hazardous Waste Task Force has been established to develop a comprehensive management program. 2. 1/77 - 6/77 - Initiate proceedings to permit the County Department of Public Health to administer the State's hazardous waste manage- ment programs for San Diego County. -16- A contract between the County and State Department of Health Serv- ices to administer the-State's Hazardous Waste Management Program r in the County became effective in July 1980. Under the terms of the contract, the County will enforce State standards and initiate action -when appropriate. 3. 7/77 - 1/2000 - Review, issue and enforce hazardous waste generator permits. The responsibility of issuance of permits has been assigned to the Environmental Protection Agency or to states having authorized # Hazardous Waste Hermit programs. Thus, local governments arepre- ; , Empted by Federal law from issuing such permits. j4. 7%77 - 7/78 - Prepare a model ordinance for the handling and dis- posal, of potential-ly- hazardous- waste. It is the State Attorney, General's opinion that the State's Hazard- ous Waste Control Act has preempted local ordinances and regula- tion s regarding processing, -handling, and disposal of hazardous wastes. Thus, no, action has been or will be taken on this item. E'A f� -17- i REVISED SAN DIEGO REGION SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE 1982-2000 Legend: C = Continuing Activity L = Lead Entity i -Board of Supervisors (as long as we are responsible) S = Support 2 - Department of Public Works SR = Short-range (up to 3 years) P = Policy Formation 3 - CAO - Special Projects ,A'R = Mid -range_ (up to 10 years) 4 - Department of Heal-th Services LR = Long-range (up to year 2000) 5 - Municipalities 6 - Private Industry MANAGEMENT ACTION NUMBER TIN_ ACTION 1 C Implement plan. 2 SR Implement Industry Advisory Committee pro- posed by San Diego County Disposal Assoc. 3 SR Review existing solid waste financing mechanisms and propose appropriate changes. 4 C Monitor Solid Waste Enforcement Program. 5 C Review and update solid waste contingency planning programs as the rid 'arises. 6 SR Plan review and revision. 7 MR Consider establishment of a joint powers Solid Waste Authority. VOLUME REDUCTION ACTION NUMBER _ TINE ACTION 1 C Continue implementation of Board Policy 1-76 - Solid Waste Disposal. Make any necessary recommwindations for revision. 2 SR Develop methane recovery programs at landfills. 3 SR Seek contractor(s) for gravel mining and/or asphalt production at Sycamore. 4 SR Promote the composting of tree trimmings with other materials. 5 SR Investigate slicing or shredding used tires prior to landfill disposal or processing. 6 C Continue waste reduction programs: a. Public information and education programs; b. Community action programs; c. Support waste reduction legislation. 7 SR Assist in separate collection program implementation as requested. 8 C Assist and coordinate volunteer recycling program. -18- omoa0 ee�eA� MEN am oouaus VERNON aauouo 1 11 9 8 N VOLUME REDUCTION ACTION NUMBER TIME ACTION -con—'rr i nued-- '"1 9 C Plan and implement additional volume reduction as economic feasibility is determined. „ 10 MR Program to encourage expanded use of retreaded tires and reclaimed -oil. 11 SR Establish,ccmposting•program In Interior Zone and at Sycamore Landfill. f2 M2 Promote market development for reclaimed LR products. 13 14R Develop policy for procuring products that are remanufactured and made of recyclable materials. RESOURCE RECOVERY .4 ACTION NUMBER TiME ACTION SR Pursue implementation of SANDER Project. 2 Implement alternative for operation of SR El Cajon Resource Recovery Facility.- 3 MR Plan and implement resource recovery alternative in North County. tat STORAGE AND COLLECTION ACTION NUMBER TIME ACTION ,4l 1 C Encourage implementation of improved storage concepts. 2 C Assist cities In waste collection rate analyses on request: 3 SR Investigate preparation of model ordinance to facilitate uniform solid waste management practices in region. s� 4 C Monitor Locai Enforcement Agency program compliance. w� DISPOSAL (URBAN REGION) ACTION NUMBER TIME ACTION 1 SR Close North Miramar Landfill and estcblish bq West Miramar. 2 SR Propose funding mechanism for facility J'A acquisition and completed fill maintenance. 60 3 C :Maintain right to designate disposal facility as a condition of collection { franchise or permit issuance. -19- I ;• MB9N6 111111, 110,111 INN111 Enaoao 111051 111019 11RION, Non 111101 .moo oaamo 111111 00101� DISPOSAL ,(URBAN REGION) ACTION NUMBER TIME ACTION -continued- 4 W Close Bonsail Landfill. 5 SR Study acquisition of additional acreage at Otay, P.amona and Sycamore Landfills. 6 W Establizh North County replacement - facility. V 7 MR Close Montgomery Demolition Landfill.' B C Maintain and revise the Solid,Waste Allocation Matrix I. I 9 LR Identify replacement facility for Miramar ' and Montgomery Landfills. 10 LR Support development of alternative methods to landfill#ng. I LATER I OR REGION ACTION NUMBER TIME ACTICN 1 C implement a financing structure foi- County operated 'fact'l ittes. 2 SR Remove landfill designatlon from 207 acre Descanso Property. 3 SR Replace Descanso Landfill. 4 C Investigate feasibility for resource recovery. 5 C Monitor Interior Zone solid waste rural container sites and other facilities for efficiency and effectiveness. 6 W Modify the Julian and -Campo container site operations by including transfer capability. LITTER REDUCTION ACTION NUMBER TIM ACTION i C Devolop and coordinate anti -litter programs as requested. ,2 C Support legislation aimed at reducing litter. 3 MR Adoption of comprehensive litter control ordinance. -20- oauoaa Usiun MINER, 111111 Mumma 111111 111NON MEEMME SHRINE oeuooa ��■ice losing IWI Mm # J { wj j SPECIAL 'BASTES ACTION NUMBER TIM ACTION 1 SR Pursue alternative handling of vehicle abandonments, 2 SR nitor agricultural waste generation trends `wand develop program to mitigate any problems. 3 SR Cooperate with Federal, State and local regulatory agencies in programs for use of sewage sludge residues. 4 C Monitor the disposal of waste oils. HAZARDOUS r WASTE CONTROL ACTION NUMBER TIW ACTION 1 SR Identify the County's short and long term f needs and capacities for hazardous wastes disposal. 2 SR Develop Workplan for Hazardous Waste Management Program for San Diego County. 3 C Continue implementation of SDOHS enforcement {� and surveillance program. € 4 C Review, issue and enforce hazardous waste generator permits. 5 SR Prepare a model ordinance for the handling and disposal of potentially hazardous 1 wastes. 6 SR Establish a hazardous waste exchange program -21- f kQ aae�a N� i CHAPTER I OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY AREA Effective management of solid wastes requires identification of those charac- te,-lstics which influence regional solid waste generation and disposal pat- terns. This chapter identifies the geographic, political and demographic makeup of the region as it impacts solid waste management. GEOGRAPHICAL CONSIDERATIONS 'Geography is integral to solid waste management. The most common landfill disposal method utilizes canyons. Therefore, mountain and foothill ranges must be identified. Geology is important. Soil types restrict landfill locations and determine• the types of waste which can be deposited. Earthquake faults, fracturing and slope instability -impact disposal siting. Rainfall is important because of leachate concerns; it also impacts ground- water tables. The Appendix contains a discussion of San Diego County's geologic and hydro - graphic conditions as they relate to solid waste concerns (A-I-1). ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY A necessary aspect of solid waste management is an evaluation of any pollu- tion associated with solid wastes. The Air Pollution Control District is responsibile for monitoring and enforcing air quality standards established by the State of California and the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). I-1 , The Appendix contains a discussion of the Ambient Air Quality Standards ` applicable in California (A-I-2). These standards must be met by any solid i •� j waste facility. 1 AGENCIES INVOLVED IN SOLID WASTE MATTERS 1 The Clean Water Act (CWA), Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA), and Clean Air Act 1 (CAA-) provide controls on air and water pollution. Passage of the Resource a Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) in 1976 closed the gaps in the waste ~" f i disposal cycle providing control for the disposal of pollutants on or in the land. -, i the 1980.81, fi-seal year marked the start Of a new era ir, planning, imple- menting and managing environmental programs at the regional and State levels. Recognizing the relationship among air, water and solid waste pollution, State/EPA agreements now must present integrated approaches to solving water _ r �1 supply, solid waste and air pollution control problems. EPA is developing a single set of application forms and instructions for these programs: -! (1) Hazardous Waste (Resource Conservation and Recovery Act) i (2) Underground Injection Control under Safe Drinking Water Act (3) Discharges to Surface Waters (National Pollution Discharge Elimina- tion System) under Clean Water Act (4) Prevention of Significant Deterioration under the Clean Air i ! Act This set of forms will be used in applying for and approving State programs, applying for permits, issuing permits and other similar matters. These efforts at consolidatior should avoid many of the previously experi- enced problems of trading pollution among land, water and air. 1 I-2 J J Local Jurisdictions In San Diego County, a number of governmental agencies have overlapping .., jurisdictions in the field of solid waste management. As indicated in the State Solid Waste Management and Resource Recovery Act of 1972, local govern- ments have the primary responsibility for solid waste management subject to the regulatory authority of other agencies and boards in specific aspects of enforcement. ,w All of the cities have used their authority to develop general policies +' governing the storage and collection -of municipal refuse. All solid waste planning, operational functions -and -regulatory controls in the unincorporated ¢ areas of the county are administered at the County level. 1 I Enforcement of city ordinances and policies is the responsibility of the in- t� dividual ,city.. County ordinances are enforced by the Solid Waste Division of 1 the Department of Public Works and the Department of Health Services. { Other regional agencies and their roles in solid waste management are: r Air Pollution Control District is directly responsible for ► maintaining air quality standards. This group regulates all emissions into the atmosphere. `A California Regional Water Quality control Board is responsible for main- , �t taining the quality of coastal, surface and groundwater as described in ►.i the Comprehensive Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Region. It must approve proposed sites for solid waste disposal facilities to insure against pollution of ground and surface waters. to San Diego Association of Governments, formerly known as the Compre- hensive Planning Organization, coordinates general planning efforts for the region. The County's Regional Solid Waste_ ' Management Plan must be reviewed by this agency. I-3 Department of Health Services acts as lead agency in hazardous waste matters, as well as enforcing health related standards and regulations. POPULATION TRENDS aufation and Demography ! The population of San Diego County increased from 1,357,800 in 1970 to more than 1,861,800 in 1980, a gain of over 37%. This growth rate is higher than that projected in the original Plan. Population projections forecast an increase to 2,625,273 by the year 2000. That is an increase of 38,200 new residents each year through the year 2000. Only 15% of this annual increase is expected from births. The remaining 85% --, increase comes from people moving into the county. New residents will continue to concentrate in and around the suburban cities and communities in the North County area. Such population concentrations, together with increasingly high refuse haul costs, point toward utilization ! of modularized, community acceptable, volume reduction techniques. Cities Three new cities have been incorporated in the county since the original Plan .� was issued, bringing the total to 16. These were Lemon Grove (1976), Poway i (1980) and Santee (1980). In addition to these three new cities, at least eight areas are potential candidates for incorporation. A A discussion of growth trends appears in the Appendix (A-I-3). I SOLID WASTE CHARACTERISTICS I For FY 1979-80, the total tonnage of industrial, municipal and "special" wastes generated in the County and disposed of in area landfills was approxi- mately 1,981,400 tons. On a per capita per year basis, this represents 1.066 1 I-4 J J .., tons. This is down slightly from the preceding six -year average of 1.089 -. tons per capita per year. A graph of projected waste generation in the County appears in the Appendix (A-I-4). The character of the waste generated in the area has changed slightly since the Plan was first written. In 1970, plastics comprised 2.0% of collected '! wastes; in 1980, plastics make up 6.0%. Efforts in aluminum recycling -� brought with it a reduction in ferrous metal cans used for soft drinks and replaced them with all aluminum cans. SUMMARY k San Diego County is a large and physically diversified area with a mild climate. The area's economic base is heavily dependent upon trade, r� government and tourism, all relatively "clean" fields of industry. Overall local per capita waste generation is generally comparable to the national average of one ton. #,A Increasingly, densities along the coast have made it more and more difficult to find suitable landfill sites. This led to the development of an alterna- tive policy to the current practice of landfilling all solid wastes. [See Board of Supervisors' Policy I-76 in the Appendix (A-D).] While few major changes have occurred in the physical make-up of the region, population changes have increased the problems of solid waste management, since solid waste is generated by people at a near constant rate. Shifts in population centers have increased the complexity of management problems in certain areas of the region since the casts of waste transportation have risen sharply. It is expected that because of this, a new consideration will be made toward utilization of smaller, modularized, community acceptable forms of resource recovery and energy conversion systems. Improvements in technology have made such systems feasible. Additionally, transfer stations remain an alternative to collector haul costs. F I-5 W A large scale waste -to -energy facility, known as the San Diego Energy Recovery (SANDER) Project (formerly known as SCURR, the Southern California Urban Resource Recovery Project), is planned for implementation in the second half 3f the 80' s. } In the North County area the 800 T/D capacity Palomar Transfer Station came on line. Solid waste from collection vehicles was shredded and the ferrous metals i*rnoved. The remainder was compacted into large transport vehicles for efficient transfer to the designated landfill. Provisions were made ' during design of this facility to incorporate resource recovery processes as ! they become economically feasible. The County will cease operation of this facilityJul 1, 1982. A lease of the existing facility is being Y 9 Y g pursued per -� , Board of Supervisors' action. Encouragement from the California Solid Waste Management Board has enhanced the development of a viable network of recycling centers under the sponsor- ship of numerous, civic, service, religious and charitable groups. Commercial ? f buy-back centers are also conveniently located within the cities and other population centers of the County. t; , The County of San Diego awarded a contract to a private firm for operation of its six sanitary landfills. The contract requires use of compaction equip- ment to, help extend projected landfill life. �t I-6 J k CHAPTER II R STORAGE AND COLLECTION This chapter describes waste storage and collection practices in the densely populated, western third of San Diego County as shown in Figure II-1. This area is predominantly urban and suburban in nature as contrasted to the rural character of the interior region. Discussion of storage and collection func- tions in the eastern portion of the -County is included in Chapter VI. SOLID WASTE STORAGE On-si te, storage of solid waste includes all facilities, enclosures, and con- tainers used to hold wastes until they are taken for disposal. Each storage site has its own distinct handling characteristics, and its own peculiar storage needs. Regulations governing on -site storage at single F family homes, small and multi -family complexes, commercial establishments, and industrial plants should specify mimimum standards appropriate to the t lk facility's storage needs. On -Site Storage Standards i� Three cities in San Diego County y presently regulate on -site waste storage beyond specifications for storage containers: Coronado requires that waste matter and receptacles be kept on the owner's premises at all times in a location approved by a Sanitary Inspector. Storage must not present an unsightly appearance. E1 Cajon requires minimum size enclosures for both cans and commercial �4 bins which must be "adequately screened from public view and the �+ adjoining property". �r The City of San Diego regulates placement of containers as well as their type and condition. 3. 0 FIGURE II-1 rnACTAI ecetnu �.-,........__.. Ill-2 i " 61 tv ► ,4 im In addition, waste storage in mobile home parks, bakeries, restaurants, hospitals, ships and aircraft and organized camps throughout the region is regulated under the State Health and Safety Code and the Administrative Code. These regulations are enforced by the local Department of Health Services. Almost all residential refuse is currently collected from the street, curb or alley. Most residents store wastes and waste containers away from public view prior to collection day. However, some unsightly waste accumulations continue to be stored at the curbside where they are fully visible from.the street. With the increasing use of bulk containers and mechanized collection by generators of large volumes of wastes, the suitability and accessibility of storage space has become critical. For example, in some of the older sec- tions of the San Diego metropolitan area, commercial land and building devel- opers did not consider the need for adequate on -site storage facilities. Owners of businesses built on small lots frequently find that many storage areas are inadequate in size, poorly -located on the property, in full view of or encroaching upon the public right-of-way and adjacent properties, and not readily accessible to collection vehicles. These conditions -exist to some degree in most communities throughout: the County. In recognition of the need to correct these deficiencies, Section 17313, Title 14, Division 7 (1975) of the California Administrative Code provides that: "The design of any new, substantially remodeled or expanded building or other facility shall provide for proper storage or handling which will accommodate the solid waste loading anticipated and which will allow for efficient and safe waste removal or collection. The design shall demonstrate to local land use and building permit issuing authorities that it includes the required provisions." Each local jurisdiction has the responsibility to establish necessary stan- dards and review existing procedures in accordance with this State require- ment. I I -3 Storage.Containers for Manual Collection As ,shown in -Table II-1 all local jurisdictions in the regula- tions region ` 9� E governing storage of household garbage and refuse. There is no uni- formity from community to community. E Residential waste storage containers used in San Diego County range from ; specially designed, high -impact, plastic or metal cans to makeshift con- tainers -such as paperboard boxes and used grocery bags. �! f To insure adequate storage and safe handling of manually collected wastes, residents should use only reusable waste containers and- single -use .plastic and -paper bags specifically designed for waste containment. -i The Appendix contains a list of 11 container specifications which jurisdic- tions are encouraged to require in their ordinances (A-II-1). Storage,Containers, for Mechanized Collection J Mechanized waste collection -is an efficient and cost-effective means of serving large residential complexes and commercial and industrial establish- ments. Since large portable bins and drop -boxes are emptied mechanically, they must ;%- specially constructed. They are designed to prevent spillage or _t leakage during on -site storage or transport. They are corrosion resistant, easily cleaned, and designed to facilitate removal of the refuse by gravity ' or by mechanical means. 't Such containers should be located on a firm, level, all-weather surface such as a concrete slab and should be easily accessible to the collection vehicle. Currently, mechanical waste collection is found in the City of Imperial Beach and at Camp Pendleton, and by private bin haulers throughout the county for large residential, commercial and industrial establishments. qJ# II-4 J 0 ` TABLE II-1 p; EXISTING COLLECTION` Cbi CI T IONS RESIDENTIAL DWELLING UNITS COST SIZE WEIGHT PICK-UP PICK-UP PER BILLING 04 ENTITY GAL POUNDS LOCATION FREQUENCY MONTH _ P.ESPONSIBILITY C01 ENTS Carlsbad 65 60 Curb, Alley 1 $5.88 City/Utility Bill Mandatory Collection Chula Vista 32 s0 Curb 1 5.40 Collector Non -mandatory collection Coronado 32 65 Curb, Alley 1 Taxes City/Taxes Mandatory $1.70 unit price/ residence/collection agreement 1% Del Mar 32 60 Curb, Alley 1 6.51 City/Utility Bill Mandatory Collection 1 can - 70t each additional can t y El Cajon 40 70 Curb, Alley 1 5.90 Collector Non -mandatory collection Escondido 32 50 Curb, Alley 1 4.SS City/Utility-Bill Mandatory collection Imperial Beach 30 60 Curb, Alley 2 7.20 City/Utility Bill Mandatory municipal collection La Mesa 33 65 Curb, Alley 1 5.70 Collector/Qtrly Non -mandatory collection (1 month back, 2 months forward) Lemon Grove 33 65 Curb, Alley 1 5.70 Collector/Qtrly Same,as La Mesa, Above National City 33 65 Curb 1 5.85 Collector Non -mandatory collection Oceanside 40 60 Curb, Alley 1 4.74 City/Utility Bill Mandatory municipal collection Poway 32 SS Curb 1 6.25 Collector Non -mandatory San Diego, City 4S SO Curb, Alley 1 Taxes City/Taxes Mandatory municipal collection C, San Diego, County- 4S SO Type Paid For 1 From 4.65 Collector 29 Licensees (IS collcetors and as Arranged to 17.00 14 transporters) San Marcos 30 5o Curb 1 6.60 Collector Non -mandatory collection Santee 4S SO Curb 1 4.65 Collector Non -mandatory collection i Vista 30 s0 Curb 1 6.40 Collector Non -mandatory collection t4 ,w On -Si te. Compacti on Facilities with limited storage space and high volumes, such as congested office buildings, can use self -packing containers to reduce the volume and ' facilitate removal. Volume reducing compactors are potentially cost-effec- tive and efficient elements of the solid waste storage and transportation system. Capacities of these devices range from less than one cubic foot in some home installations to 40 cubic yards or more in portable containers. COLLECTION OF SOLID WASTE `" Solid waste collection in the urban region of San Diego County is permitted through a variety of practices. Each of the 16 incorporated cities maintains responsibility for management and administration of refuse collection. The County of San Diego regulates collection in the unincorporated communities. Ito I I -5 wwC I In most incorporated areas of San Diego County collection of solid waste is performed by franchised haulers or licensees. Only the cities of San Diego and Imperial Beach operate their own collection systems. The waste collec- tion industry in San Diego County is comprised of about 30 companies. A third of these are operated by independent owners. The remaining two-thirds are owned by six major companies of which at least three are national. Cities. About 70 percent of the solid waste collected County -wide is handled by the private sector. As shown in Table II-2, residential and commercial solid waste is collected under exclusive franchises in 12 of the 16 incorpo- rated cities and by private licensed haulers on a limited permit basis in two cities and the unincorporated areas of the County. a f � Non-exclusive commercial bin and drop -body service is also provided by the private sector in the cities of San Diego, Oceanside and Imperial Beach by ti special arrangement. County. In the unincorporated area, the County requires that any person J wishing to provide solid waste collection service obtain a permit. Permits, issued by the Department of Public Works, are available in 27 solid waste permit areas. For convenience, these areas coincide with the sub -regional census tract boundaries. Permits require the holder to provide weekly residential and commercial ser- vice in the permit area. Current rate schedules must be filed with the Department. The County conducts no rate review. Port Authority. The San Diego Port District performs its own waste collec- tion services for District operated and maintained facilities. Tenants of District property make their own arrangements for refuse removal. .J t Military Facilities. Waste from the various military installations in the I.J San Diego region is collected by military service personnel, by civilian employees and by private haulers. Garbage collected from ships is "cooked" as prescribed by Federal health laws prior to removal to a local landfill. I 1W TABLE II-2 WASTE COLLECTION FRANCHISE HOLDERS COLLECTION FIRH METHOD OF AWARD DATE PERIOD NAME JURISDICTION CARLSBAD 09-01-80 S years, renewable annually Coast waste Management, Inc. Council Appointed CHULA VISTA 08-24-64 06-30-72 through 06-30-82 Chula Vi4tta Sanitary Service, Inc. Competitive Award years with option to CORONADO 07-31-76 extend for 3 years. Reliable Disposal Company Regular Service Contract Expires 07-31-82 with the City Originally, public bid. Indefinite, with performanc Most recently, assumption OEL"MAR 02-26-79 standards 6 right to cancel for any reason on 6 months Coast waste Management, Inc. of franchise upon written notice purchase. EL CAJON 08.24.77 u - 8-8 tntougn ub-Su With I yr Automatic ext. Universal Refuse Removal Co., Inc. ESCONDIDO 07-07-76 8 years Escondido Disposal, Inc. Lowest Sealed Bid is to city residents by municipal employees IMPERIAL BEACH Weekly solid waste collects n provided 01-01-80 to 12-31-86 with i EDCO Disposal Corp., dba La Mesa Contract Agreement with LA MESA I1-27-79 year automatic extensions Disposal Company City Council LEMON GROVE 11-20-78 S years EDCO Disposal Corporation Negotiation. Exclusive Contract without NATIONAL,CITY 11-18-80 110 years EDCO Disposal Corporation competitive bidding in accordance with AB-2454 !- OCEANSIDE 07-01-78 S years Oceanside Disposal Company Bid POWAY Employs County System currently; may change for FY 82.83 Weekly s lid waste collection is provided at no additional charge to city esidents by municipal SAN DIEGO CITY employees. SAN DIEGO COUNTY Annual One year, renewable ~Years unlimited number of firms Permit to operate in unincorporated area SAN MARCOS OS-26-63 w renewa a option current a iratian 1983 Mashburn Srraitation Company City Council Action SAMM Employs County System currently: may chants for FY $2.83 VISTA 09-11-78 S years, renewable Vista Sanitation Company City Council Action Collection Frequencies Fifteen cities and the unincorporated area of the County require basic resi- dential waste collection once a week. Imperial Beach requires twice a week collection. Under certain conditions, particularly in inner-city areas, dense population and inadequate storage space often combine to require more frequent collec- tion service than that normally provided. The City of San Diego, although basically providing once -a -week collection service, solves this problem by II-7 [-{ making collections twice a week in certain congested areas of the City during the summer months. A growing national practice in waste collection is the source separation and 1 collection of such recyclable materials as paper, metals and glass. Only the franchise holder in the City of Chula Vista provides separate collection of newspaper. -- There, are indications that regularly scheduled separate collections of re- cyclable materials stimulate greater public participation. Based on recent T markets, however, until separate collection is cost effective, we do not ; anticipate new programs. (See Appendix A-II-2). Service Charges 'Basic rates charged for waste collection from residential areas vary signifi- cantly among the individual jurisdictions of the County, as shown in Table - II-1. Charges for commercial collection services are determined by the level ? of service provided. Area jurisdictions use a variety of methods to determine the types and fre- quencies of waste collection service and the establishment of charges. i i SAFETY " The refuse collection industry's accident rate is high. This is reflected in -= higher costs both for worker's compensation and vehicle insurance. Some of the more significant causes of injury are: 1. Hazards encountered in handling refuse containers, such as sharp objects and excessive weights. 2. Incentive systems encourage employees to rush through their assigned routes. .' 3. Injuries caused by heavy manual work tend to cause longer periods of absence. I I Will I I -8 I scd I 4. Employees do not work under direct supervision and consequently poor work + habits can go uncorrected. 5. Preemployment screening and physical examinations are frequently inadequate. f ,. Many of these detrimental factors can be rectified through the development and implementation of in-depth safety procedures and training programs. An example of such is the one developed by Mashburn Sanitation Company, operating in the North County. This firm has an effective accident prevention program including an internal safety committee, the promulgation and enforcement of safety rules, and effective personnel screening and training procedures. OA The City of San Diego has a two week training program for all newly hired collection personnel. The City also includes a full time safety and training coordinator position in the Solid Waste Division. 'Y SUMMARY Storage and collection of solid waste in San Diego County are regulated by a patchwork of policies and procedures. The fundamental activities are being �y accomplished to the general satisfaction of the public, the political juris- dictions and private industry. Certain aspects of storage and collection f� need improvement. For example, adoption of standards for adequate storage facilities and uniform waste containers should be encouraged; operational procedures and training programs designed to reduce injuries among collection personnel should be developed. During the period of this Revision (1982-85): 4 1. The County of San Diego will work with the incorporated cities and the private sector to encourage implementation of improved storage standards. +r ►sM 2. The County of San Diego, with the assistance of the cities and private industry, will investigate preparation of a model ordinance to facilitate ed uniform solid waste management practices in the region. k�e I I -9 s OR 0" CHAPTER III WASTE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL Our affluent society generates more and more solid waste each year. Disposal of this discarded debris of human living has always been an expensive and difficult task. Now the growing mountains of refuse have become a critical problem, particularly in urban areas. The landfill and solid waste crisis requires immediate attention. The basic need for waste disposal in landfills will continue. Volumes will be reduced by resource recovery, but plants utilizing resource recovery methods cannot provide final disposal for all of the refuse generated. Some material will always require sanitary landfilling. The purposes of this chapter are: to analyze the current generation trends for solid waste in San Diego County; to discuss existing disposal facilities in the region; to forecast future volumes of solid waste through the year 2000; to identify a physical system for meeting the waste disposal needs of San Diego County residents; and to discuss responsibility and provision for on -going maintenance of completed Tandfills. This chapter discusses the urban region. ?lie Interior Zone is discussed in Chapter VI. WASTE GENERATION In general, the amount of municipal solid waste generated in any given geo- graphical area is a function of the number of residents, the types of dwelling units, the number of workers, the types of commercial and industrial establishments, the amount of demolition materials, which often reflects the economic climate of the area, and the number of recycling activities and recovery programs. FIGURE III-1 SAN DIEGO REGION SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL SYSTEM - t r ,e Future Generation Volumes During the decade of the Seventies, the actual' population increase experienced in San Diego County was 108% over the originally estimated figure. Based on this actual data, waste generation prediction plots have been developed. Because solid waste is such a dynamic field, generation projections are only as good as the data on which they are based. Table III-1 shows a comparison of population and waste tonnage based on actual 1980 census data. TABLE III-1 Population and Tons of Waste by Categories (Quantities in Millions) Projected in Original Plan TONS TONS TONS TONS Year Population Residential Employment Demolition Total 1980 1.635 1.007 .653 .339 2.000 1985 1.842 1.135 .773 .361 2.275 1995 2.255 1.389 1.015 .424 2.828 Based on Series V Data 1980 1.738 2.015 1985 1.997 1.279 .845 .073 2.197 1995 2.383 1.531 1.013 .087 2.631 2000 2.553 1.639 1.093 .093 2.825 Adjusted for Growth Factor Actually Experien:.,ed 1975-1980 1985 2.197 1.405 .929 .080 2.414 1995 2.621 1.684 J 1.114 .096 2.89.4 2000 2,808 1.803 1.202 .102 3.107 ;,p Figures III-2, 3, and 4 show the predicted waste -tonnage generation distribu- tion for the urban area of San Diego County for the years 1981, 1988 and 2000. As can be seen, considerable growth is predicted to take place in the North County area. III-3 DISPOSAL OF WASTE For centuries refuse was disposed of by dumping it on the nearest patch of land preferably out of sight and smell. When it became too voluminous or too _ offensive it was reduced by open burning. San Diego County enjoys its enviable position in urban area landfill availability to solid waste pioneer Jean Vincenz, San Diego County's first Public Works' Director (1947-62). As Public Works Commissioner for Fresno in the '20's, Vincenz initiated the practice of sanitary landfilling, i.e., the provision of daily cover and compaction. -, During his tenure in San Diego, i ni ti-al steps were taken to establish numerous sites including the existing Otay, Ramona and Sycamore Landfills. At this time all disposal sites in San Diego County are sanitary landfills < (cover materials applied at the clone of each operating day) with the ex- ception of the San Marcos Landfill where shredded waste is treated differently. Figure III-5 depicts a typical sanitary landfill operation. Alternatives to daily cover are being explored. The State Solid Waste Management Board is considering the use of specific performance standards to protect the public's health and safety while preserving valuable landfill space by amending daily cover requirements. Another alternative is using a "foaming" solution as a substitute for traditional soil cover. This material has been used in Europe for about ten years. Currently being tested in Georgia, it offers several advantages: 1) Cost appears competitive with soil; 2) Foam cover requires little or no space between layers of fill; 3) Effectiveness as a vector deterrent appears the same as soil cover. The Department of Public Works will continue to follow the testing. When appropriate, it will be proposed for future use. ` ;.\' III` ,r1�:;11 r,•r15:' �\ - fl,�I_ _ �c rrllllll Illi •. III _. �• -11 IXN IIU•:t�::\�I III= ■III` .� 1� - -- a 111 it =xl 7•— � _IIII.-C11 lid l= �tU�S 7gllAlll III �.}'`� !• ��J II'�.1•';;`1 N�IIN IAIt•;Sv f1/1T�u- A'1 �_ 1/15,r-111 rymi_.-lxlry:r�\V 4 I:u1Y1— -� =_r•II \ eItIJ@ll\C�=11 i. — i11>. _ II-S lilr A� Ilelltlltxllro;ll`dd--- III t _ _..r,,,Sl,,_r•_� t �• Ilt Il,t��-o�i),IIIILI= allllll I`�{5rro�'i\■ 1u1-{iI111 III''_ 1I = _ -a III=1= 11.t-.iiilYrnllti �.�/1 UIUM■i1I ` � `Iq IltiiFn� ''t.i„i,�_ ■■nl m _1'ty,,m 1 it �'•-:-- rl''il LEGEND If N 111 a uv - e e -`In gs. • _ IllrlI 44 . t . u S'llll' = Illl�tu•III �QL5i1Y 11 rJ, Illt / 50 TONSIII -III=1111t -ll�t=;_ rl n1r�' • 11 51 / /TONS:�lilil_ 'IrvF. r PI xl 11 - may ) -� 111 r251 TO 500TONSp�uc I, r_ , % I' 1 1000 ,T501 / _ =II=f =nl�ll:nuc wF .uw �lyi' Illy _ I I I1U'n•.1 u;I;,t131(a 111 11 IIICI) "- xI1T U1lnw.-.rl �nlll1 :',, �; ;lS;;;ri•.;•,;SI, I{ !1 ,1\\111,—I'�••w• +I` Cww u. pl\'--`•III •" __ 71� - ",li:•`I11•'/a1�•.,1„ — 1R —�„ 11l�11,\.II,�,�=•.� - -111t •lu �;k;'-'--.I\'-_,11�-� /11,II=l�"lltil 1 a, 1tryl �,{I1 �I��' _�� ilu=_= ';I `� II \}•.Ilili : i;ll;lli-t�l l�:, _��_ ,-�•HIII=-iYl•.� 1111iI,I,�I III=I�I �1 ,lI�' 1 Ali - �11 -1'\\ \\ �IliiYld'6•�S; _nll =�5111 ``1 ) C C 11111111`\�IC--� nr\-\4\CII:�411 _ter=11IIIII�IIIec „WV 11 \`I� 1Y1\''� �! it ;,III=11 IIA\\IIJIIf 111\ mY1 �1►tr�ai7 +'I'�`\-'._ lip, WV \\Qil • ru'. \= IIIII III r .'iil__ __ pu•-,liily `� I-1 �11111;;11;� '- 1?,;15'rALuur, ILLS=■J _ !utMe!-\r•.liw. Qq`1i!;;iYi-5'i-D1\ __ - ___ II\ II'•= 1 Il --{i I'=111 N Ilir Q511�; IQII' `,\C uuim•.iiunr. _ - \ Nam- - •� �,i�" , _ \\1• ; ;w11'i 1,5Y1h1i1\,'i �5:1 �''•. !��:; _� \lrili'\III\`'-rlllll•.1111111•: 11il _ 1 -_ 1;- I E��1„�� t�ll�lll ll' II II; 11 �'-Ill r-\"'.'rlllllI.11` II �tYI�'} _ \-- ;i.11 '�., �`��,� II11-Illlf :'l ill-.11,".� 1 \ 1 1- II..:111��1.�I'--,\\ IIII'11?,I�11 ll1 ,`�\`f\\I\- Ir,•C+..�I 11C;11\ 1-M ( _ '1'- . --_ 1' •YIIII',il •�.�, � 11" I,C.YIII�111 .i' �• `l 1 � I� _ i �\• u 1 _--j.i:ii -_ •. - ur. --'�:nrrl� r.0 \ _ I. - _ _ •, - \ ` �,�,...,n- 11 - =uwi•l'.u,, u- ■ A--i'l:ilnr'• 11ii•II ��'.nn ru�l�•,=11'': 11 ui �lllli.al �•� "1, �'r_11\'�I�da!•�•.,.,`1•'Aa'��>;1�^11!'-'i 1'R:L1',1.�''l� �_I��111011 Y'\`4 ••'- �� _ _ Y - _\b'; �u�':u �, -I _ulili\;;nu �l{ I,v =''w•• .:�\b: ��1\'lllll - `\ .-. .In •. tJ U' �- � � �-_- - _--'-:"-r.:1;,•I,.:Y;.;Na;Iif,it•`l\lll\ A`u1uYiu1iIuu-ri'',,;'Srl�-l'nSti:ii1?^r;1.,n1i!iiiu1u11,,1u1; 11= -_IIII�= =•l 0_ 1'11\1- C.S`IL.Uti�ilii 11 _ i v _; = yr r•.\\ '.n7\ " 'i•.;;,'IICIII I■11- Iur,nY'ilw,�1{'1 `\I,Illill - -•IFT- �711 I•. 11- . .P • 1\ \W1IN 1\ I WC 1Ill I•I � —_ -.'rilii\. III _'r' 11 I I•= , Ipll '-"\Il.lil111'.' Illlr 11t will It \\\' 1 _ rm•.n.....1;i11•u11_ - i1Jill•�• n` xrll r5tr_-- �all'I�.. _ = -. Illul '''' ;•��;;+';iilii( 1 11• III �:1\ I- _ �= _ _ _ 'ili It !,�.1\I�ai ;Lyra,+,!�`•'fl=a��ll�\�� '}':•,lr}�,{,: I nl_ r_lal-_=1i -1II 17nn'u - 1-1 u- �; 11 11 I t aTt luu = _ --1'7111 h�•;.�'S I _'11! t It aaoi��}IIl f m\wN;innt .11l� Illllffl �1�?I.-_(.1'll� n,_\ III rpll'�'.�.I;Otl,u��'IrlOfigIC11=•i1�3 -ti'•1';—_-- ... -- =u�i •t Illllltt 11 It« «« `II- li a •. 1--1! lyii w �;.\�I_,_�`�(IIII(III�I•-—11-w;,{'',_�•_'Ir\•Ilv;lii_ II If- 11\\ '••1,ZC1� 11-t�Ifu;�Y�llall� \�Y,..I'•\\,141Y''� C .•1':.';;�\�\'ii��=.I, '�''II\II'QIPi 1\\1I`I-IllI-h.-..1I�ln11y1�= ` -'III 11 �!r1Il11�i= JJJJII=`-.I�_II\IIIwI "�l�IlI-v� i\- ;-ll1�l1l1 I l IM,I�"_ 11 _ = _ :1_(= _-•.\ ;'iiI.IIII,I :II '�� - � ,rlrlrl-;�;111�6� I`��IIII=III •+5,`+\ \ll(�I\�!r ( _ �_��_idlml,I+,nu`\�l\\111= -11- �- - .'. i� v _ _II II IIIA tll l\ 11 \Q\ _ III,=f11I e „y II \ WIIIIII II =1�11 �.I A\`il���'{,I�, n1115i'•'���''11j1A= iP l.v :'.?+,\`\,• �� _ \\1 I� -`'1t1=A�`"l'-CILUIE mu I---\�"•� •'!'11���I11�II,Qn'' .,I�ILh���lllll�—'•III_ - �— 111f1a�:fll'•I�III �11�`\•'.'��,,; IJO( - III -11=_ 1 U �i �i 1 -`_' 1'QQ��QIuI I�ix lls �II 'll III .111,�4\nr,�s :.,,,I•: _III- _ u�,ll il��i ,11+.r1.� III1-y,}-,,iltill\11,51,a YaYI�\\lii•—I�Ir -\V\\i•. �'�':'.: �.I i- i `.I I\fit 11 I �v .`I—_{eINNS�l�l illr'nlfl i�,I 1� \ I 111,'flfll=.N,1,11111,".,..y.,`I \III`1�':'•iix • I; `;`\�\\,`�r. .......... 1'lln _ ; -_T\`.,_,��\\I� 1-.i'il:lulii ll= Ini•:Ii.�. 111 �\\\•,5��,'l) '�'6 `' �=R1\cl�-j1 - flluln \III-_ nl•��',i:i,ll,, ,11 1D ;"i •` S'1111• w\\'II \`tA`Y: e.:,.,,5 n�ll '�I`_ 'ii n,.p'`111=11 ,�A\�\\\\\a III un= IBC^OI li l'iuiil�i:'1 i71ii') 1 ;'�'!i� I `1Vil( dVL!, lull \\\ `�' _. u.�llllll n \Q4i 11 =lln \\\V `ii'-'}ii i 'il \•'ii :i' `• =11111 ,, ff 1 x • - 1 r_I I 1- - rii;lllllll•.,-'_-- -_ ail ���=r� -_ IV'\\ \ I.. I •.nl`�\\`_ 14'r��5'iu \�'�u`uuiii_L_�1\ ___.un``'�uu= =i�l ......... •.. �r � ' � II: '�,.II :1111115�:�1,�,,,. � �• Ill;i;l„� �llli � II= 111 • II, \\`,' '1141- ,\'• 11 I'.rnlil \\\IIIA=.....�+ i�+C IINNII(_ :1- �� rI _ \\\ l I I l \' l.. 151 \\ wl I P5 \\,\`\\ li ` ''+- 1 ,�''•• III:II �1 � _�..-i. - _ - _ _. --I i•.1 �, 1 I'..� III'.11151111'.li'\ I�I III IIII � - _ _— I •__-'lil llll'.11 - II-11111- II\+\II'Ir', \-Ilili �l,' I� \ 1 � -- i - •' - II'' _ a , --.., uiilSr.n \ _ y'_ _ - � i n rol.:: ': ....• \\� � _ r. n�5n��,, n1' _�' il'�i;'-A u' .I;i.l .i'llu' u'a;�l, ••�'--ul5ii:" \':'�1�ii•=Yi 1::.\- Itlll l ({;,,,,.r. - �_Y. -%n''�,,�+,,.•�vh,t\� `=.5•=1::�.i"__o-,,ii_i'_,1�_.-Il�mu 1- -=IIIII•'_— \\r'11 11 - �_.� }fin: 111 ........... it\\\; I _ pllt'.• 1 - -,. - I _. 61 11: I :1 I''i _1'-- ii,u -'1 III I `\` 11=• _v .... IIIII 11 'iI'lli.��'1r`V, 11•• j�■ .;hill'--- a --'I \III a+ 11O•A"%\i -_ I U. j = I 111111 x-111 Imo_ \�\ 111\ 1,`�,,1�,}tyt��t �`rl�,• - Il�f .�' ItlrJltil{-=tSL�t1���lA♦ ,((..I��__ _ ax IIIIIi N ;' ,,5;alll�f�'. �'r.�.UiY/1i :hr•(rl`'o1r1�II, IIII � �—Ifl _ �:�_J• 1 al_` p ;.\•u.l ``�:II •; rJ, ..III'��};h :'.•rr'.'1rr'S Iu=lmill fix �.: ri,„1•I"ii�n:un"1�1�1'r;gn,•A11\-Yt{'�I �\ III 11111•=11I - _ -VVA\\{II''' `W,' III`\Iltr�-•� =' _ !• ,r' Sr'" 11�IIJ��\\�♦r 51 �1 Ur'S:r yr} 11 �ri Av'�Itli 1= - .,_�, lj� A^r�v�SS+avuM-vllc \ I1 ff-prr-•J r't III a i�prnutal lAu •.hf m Yr•rifIIII (' \\INIII I-111110l'11 1'}�. �\........... n \III • ��_ "�="-I Yl1ri (;f;'•.I`��--.�jr�•ar -U�IN At %k*&+1 ' i�Lr:IJAO'lal- S_- i-—1=m55't� li Al41li•,\1..11111 i. \ - Ins, ,\\,`f lllldll+ i ur ug}•u 1''�'•`11 t= _ '•.Y—Yiru h, Jr.hi nr�iQ i1}•.:YA;'1 E11::-'.�11�pfn'i8i�l IlIX=r II = plt'.frnh:;.u�{J 111 Ij1.T. Ail\IIII 1-1 II �U _ -_ `��,1\'=i I �' ;'�A\l' �i}}�r = = It ■1 A 1 / \� -^ T�flll - ••:irlrli� _ I�1111•IY�11 -III y .� RY1JE-_8 �II� A\11111 .--- — 1'tr-lA :I,;rr{. I"111s;��1��• — Hill�II :_l_a�� - .uul,; n• • -- ..,,.r• tom: 1 rl • ;1 �.M:�:\\` 1 11 ILIl.Q_ III (l.11•. �� •d'i111U1= J tl - �, 91__ ry;}-.rlu 1r;nli'AtCu =i1� h�lflll=�l��11,\.♦•_ + 1'��1i1=� _ _ -i;_At `G r`a�• �t�l - _ = -- �=MIU`I\1 '1 .\.� la ffI11111 \_i'S�!!mm _os}''�I�I'\ 1 r r.'1 r.r:_.r I� Iillr� fl (Irf' „,_,�,.,,•,�`I _II In \\ I�Y.nun•, 11111 IP-------r; �=1 ,:\II tr'�'II■EA�,� ,-r Q UDC= I. - 1 U / ;'�.=- - \\ ��f �Iltf•AtC1,'�II Ip III. 1 11f111 II 1 r 1 • u ail 1` nl l u'1 1 ,7•:?i{{{',•;"t, 11_ u- mu n � rArl''1c�,�, lu.nmi �iA 1 y� / .a 1ll,l�lu A1lui--ti i.!-u, i lit ql -tl f II 'i • 1 , 4 1 nIs-.{�11in_w �wt�-'1� +' r ; ! t II != ��..Trfrrr`�1 Ilt flu1!^/=f f I�II��I 711 Illin._. 111= MEnnl,-tit,lt= i1,, '1,mvuu nmti.rlrrll'• p .' U.•nur.iiilli}•� r11IlI ��I {l }.. - `' � i'.� \.Illll�' 6,\v';.Y'n••'f'...• --. `r'•'v'n N.,' 11111^ .—ur!I'_ ''rt\ ♦ _ � `. > > � u _ v roll• ' . _ � " � � --ay\�.;,''■ol�y;•nY�;rr,''r \���I•v 1�, I� n =__'ll '-1111If111I1'I'i�Jru�%: 1' .r-_--rf1`nY�rl 1'IYII IIII=C--lll +nt--n"�ryV lr�\\1,'.Iln \�jl� IrgtOti-1=i:1'i\-IIIn,```tinr•\Y (�I •�:.5\un�, \Qn-ti!`\\= n1111-rA\�•n—,l,'.''\_,',!,a`r_:1, ■�.. - - Il�ll�it :';; I; ''; ",_ ,\t ,}nu +;r,flL -1lQ\\� ♦`V 111 Una IIYU11 a v'IIr',��1•.uii11 - -IIII (I i1-11111 Jf, ,.,. 1 `{i• -rr{, IIf - ■fill Ar ' ��,' �lUll �rrr•.\Irr., Ii -nA v1 =IIIIIII _ ' it--- - -' rl1\•^ -5\- �■A, \IA r-n1-}151tirlh}Yi r III � �- ''-\ t'uiYY a nu -_h_J - - �' \ �' `\ _'.'n �, \�', fin ll-•1 II `-1 . __ i �•-nl, •r `=1i .', - - - a� f{1i114,1{5'1tiS111,!',�,----�.-,r��� 1 •'.�:�=\II'__`,:$II►\I) ll�.,t o,ulyA na�15YY5Y.SR5�J, ` `---- _-:\1``�It ._.-i . '`. T I T-r-�Y�•.\'-1r C111.•-inhr .unf/i;:'' -� --' ,1 _ _ w'-trJq'� =J- t x•-r4'1Y, "Ar1, \\�1111I- vIIV J Y .','*--•J---- .IA 111`zYantii---u\ Yi,l,i1 "ir i 11 i�\� Iltl _ 1. CIlU•Jr,-_ -'__ \ `\ `1;' �',�• i, l .... 1 YrSn, MVI�I'�'\ILI�III —u-{I;:1=.iiiiiirt• tru•y,lhi:iiilrir.iri�iw• L t ---_ --n---.ua 1u - -�--- r— rr,� YI}. r \ t\\ 15n1 ryUJ=��I�i_ •_Ur. -fir ar-{•p rir)� nA-.r __ _--:-Jn }' iiiii A\\\`IIIIIII 1\I n.V,=,1n�h'h' \'-_� r..Y';,rYS,�.,' r •L•r,-I �t.�rf _ N !ro}'li{:..'�,, 11=•_ 111t1 'Y YSSIII',,`.. Illlll� 5}AV I }Y1'r.i •\ __1' _� r \i-i� rf�� il_u1iu: lihiu• i•�� iIt\\ II \-� r -._ .:Atp-Y +1.`� i-r'•`\\\`n-r_--\SrTnu%irYN1�•\SAi,•�l\\`� it\u,� +urYsf l.J _=-- r.n„o adi ��u•. NI-' ni, �-'i}-'ilril a♦\�_II a 4n�7 i5'-�i-Y�tnoil��'ir1r1141-=11JY1 c C m \Ir llui ••• 1 ,• v{u._—�rtSY_tt�`\C-it � 5'iB Y, 1111 1111? if 31111111103 y - I':. '.rl �^1lti,-T-_n_51, ` � c•U- 11� a III I III \\ 1 mtlaR,�' AUYpt!- _ •tf� III�Q11---\�11\ u5r \\Y uri' 1 _ t t .4'`I T`{'_ .—�', Ill it\1\, 1�11111;�A�v � 11 1•..i V ••.•11+ •y{{r II t \' uw =.- Irihi tiit- r Si�.IVi1'= etl .0 Mr, g �•tII11A\\\\ �in11'CJ rr •in -C�.- � ' - III'1111 1111•r - - - +• l u -1J n/Il�d2i aE� FIGURE III-5 TYPICAL LANDFILL OPERATING PROCEDURE •ORTAKE FENCE TO -CATCH &LOWMG PARR �OWINAI ONLY L COVM GROUND WI SOU0 EAt7E 1 �1 re SOURCE: Sanitary Land6ll'Faets, U.S. Dept. of • Health, Education and Welfare, 1970. EXISTING.DISPOSAL SITE OPERATIONS I There are currently eight sanitary landfills in San Diego County. Six are owned by the County of San Diego and two are owned by the City of San Diego. City of San Diego Landfills The City of San Diego operates one Class II (sanitary) and one Class III (demolition) landfill, staffed by a total of 48 personnel. This includes an engineering staff of 3 who establish grades, drainage and roadway design necessary to operate a state permitted sanitary landfill. Miramar - 7 days week - 8:00 AM - 4:30 PM, Holidays - Closed Thanksgiving, Ir Christmas, New Year's Day, Easter; Montgomery - 5 days week - 8:00 A14 - 3:30 PM, Holiday - Recognized construction industry holidays. Active County Sanitary Landfills There are six active sanitary landfills owned by the County of San Diego. The County's Department of Public Works maintains complete staged development plans for each of these sites. Effective March 1, 1982 these sites will be operated under the control of the County by private contract.. Current information on these sites is available from the Department. The following information was accurate at the time this revision was prepared. I I I -8 Uq I Bonsall r The Bonsall Landfill handles a variety of special wastes and is the only landfill in the North County which receives sludge and grit from the waste- water treatment facilities in the area. The site is underlain with intrusive granitic rock typical of the foothill area of San Diego County. The weathering of this material has .resulted in a fairly shallow soil cover. Although the remaining volume of approximately TM 1,100,000 cubic yards should result in a site life of seven to nine years, the scarcity of cover material will cause the site to close within three years (1985), assuming normal operation. A number of alternatives are being explored to extend the site life. 1. 0cation Gopher Canyon R4ad..2% miles west of Hwy. 1s 2. pay 7 days Hours 7:30-4:30 (Non. -Fri.) 7:30-4:00 (Sat. 5 Sun.) 3. Property Size 122.61 acres Landfill Size 44 acres 4. Tons/pay • 32-- 0 — Service Life 198S _. S. Remaining Volume 690,000 cubic vards 6. Daily vehicle Total 14S Heeketid Vehicle Total Sat. 490 sun. 48o 7. Personnel County - 1 Fee Collector Contractor's 0 gratin Personnel 8. Equipment Contractor's 9. Owned County of San Diego Acquisition Cost S89.21S.S0 10. Leased N/A Expiration of Lease N/A .. _ il. Date opened 1968 12. R.H.Q.C,B. Permit No. 66-al6 13. S.S.U.1i.8. Permit tlo. 37-AA-DD4 14. S.U.p. 1t0. P67-128 1S. tlethane N.onitoring Systen None Leachate N.onitoring System None I C034ENTS: Closed Christmas and New Year's Revised 7-IS-a2 VFCI1IITV M d P f" 99 1 Borrego The Borrego Landfill is located in the Interior Zone. Information about the site is included here for easy reference. 1. Lication h mile south of the east end of P312 Canyon Road 2. pay Tuesday thru Saturday f Hours 7:00 a,m, to 2:00 p.m. 3. Property Size 42.04 acres Landfill Size 21 acres 4. Tons/Day - 10 Service Life 2010. 5. Remaining Volume 280,000 cubic yards 6. Daily Vehicle Total 8 Weekend Vehicle total Sat.•16 7. Personnel Contractor's 8. Equipment Contractor's 9, Owned County of San Diego Acquisition Cost X/A 10. Leased MBA Expiration of Lease N1A 11, Date•Opened January 1973 (opened as burning site in 1960) 12 R.W.Q.C.9. Permit no. 72-10 t 13. S.S.9,;i.8. Permit tin, 37-AA-006 14. S.U.?. go. P72-85 "Y a IS. Methane Monitoring System _,None Leachate Monitoring System None + CO3WNTS: Closed Sunday. Monday, Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Yeir's, July Nth, !temorial Day, Labor Day Revised 7-1S-82 tag $t t = E i acc v i ! r�1 c W W 1 � t j--Nw-;...Eom 1 Otay The Otay landfill operated for a long time as the only Class I and Class II-1 disposal area in the County of San Diego. A separate discussion of this aspect of the Otay landfill is contained in the hazardous waste chapter. The site accommodates a variety of special wastes including sludges, cleanings from wastewater treatment facilities, cannery wastes, wastes from the kelp harvesting and processing industry, and slaughterhouse wastes. 1. LJtation Otay Valley Road, 1 mile east of Hwy- SOS 2. ay 7 days Hours 7:00-4:00 (Mon. -Fri.) 7:30.4:00 (Sat. -Sun.) 3. Property Size 51S.64 Landfill Size 294 4. Tons/Day 900 Service Life 2006 S. Remaining Volume 33.600.000 cubic yards 6. Daily Vehicle Total 320 Weekend Vehicle Total Sat.-S50 Sun.-410 - 7. PtrsonnelCounty - 1 Fee Collector - Contractor's Operating Personnel 8. Equipment Contractor's 9. Owned 417.03 acres County of San DieMcquisition Cost $1.129.197.64 10. Ltased 98.6 acres 2-19-77 San Diego City Expiration of Lease 2-18.92 11. ate Opened Febtum 1966 12. R.W.q.C.S. Permit No. 74-44 13. S.S.SI.ii.B. Pennyt 110. 37-AA-009 la, S.U.P. IA. P72.49 8 C.U.P. PCZ-72-1 15. Htthane V4nitoring SysL,n None Leachate Ponitoring System in-otace CO.'l.MENTS ; Revtstd 7-15.82 Cray SWIT&AY LIrO►tLL Xe.&C VICINITY MAP We ,-main C1 A�r .04 f�l III-14 ex Ramona Located in a highly agricultural area, the Ramona Landfill receives the special wastes of the surrounding poultry industry. The site regularly re- ceives egg wastes, poultry residue and, on occasion, large amounts of dead poultry during heat waves and various epidemics. 1. L-jcation Paso Road, Ramona 2. Day Thursday thru Monday Hours 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. 3. Property Size ao acres Landfill Size 37 acres 4. Tons/Day 70 Service Life MO S. Remaining Volume 199.000 cubic yards 6. Daily Vehicle Total So Neekend Vehicle Total Sat.-1So Sun.-170 7. Personnel County - t Fee Collector • Contractor's Operating Personnel 8. Equipment Contractor's g. Owned County of San Diego Acquisition Cost $1.033.50 lU. Leased N/A Expiration of Lease N/A 1). Date Opened October 1969 (opened as burning site in 1948) 12. R.N.O.C.B. Permit No. 70-R14 13. S.S.a.M.B. Permit No. 37-AA-OOS 14. S.U.P. Yo. Not required because land use predated area's inclusion in a country wide 15. -oning di trict. Methane 114 torIng 5pystem None Leachate Nanitoring System None* COXMENTS: Closed Tuesday, Wednesday, Thanksgiving. Christmas, New Year's, Memorial Day, ,aly 4th. Labor Osy i Revised 7-15-82 1 VICINITY MAP I III-15 � r ■1 q 9 2 Z a O .o L o JIM �� ►r; .wf San Marcos The San Marcos Landfill, like the Bonsall site, is underlain with granitic rock. Original geological intrusive studies predicted a dearth of soil cover available from the si-te, severly limiting its capacity. The site was originally dismissed as a candidate for acquisition. The availability of grant funds to build a shredding station and the State's agreement to waive cover for shredded waste made the site viable. Both the 9. landfill site and the Palomar Transfer Station began ooer-viab e. 197t Actual operating experience has identified our ability to rip more cover from the site than originally predicted. Assuming that the site continues to operate under current conditions, it is expected to reach capacity in 1993. 1. location Questhaven Road. San Marcos 2. pay Monday thru Saturday Hours 7:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. 3. Property Size 201.4S acres Landfill Size 9S acres 4. Tons/Day 1.040 Service Life 1993 S. Remaining Volume 8.200.000 cubic yards 6. Daily Vehicle Total 12S, Weekend vehicle Total Sat.-220 7. Personnel County - 1 Fee Collector 8 Contractor's Personnel 8. Equipment Contractor's 9- O-ed C unty ef gan ni,.ge Acquisition cost S2,319,414.11 10. Leased 4/A Expiration of Lease N/A 11, pate Opened June 1979 12. R.N.Q.C.B. Permit No. 78-78 13. S.S.N.H.S. Permit No, 37-AA-008 14. S.U.P. go. P77-4S jPC 77-733) IS. Methane t,onitoring System None _ Leachate Nanftoring System in -Place CO.LMNTS: Closed Sunday. Thanksgiving, Chr13t: S , New Year's, July 4th Revised 7-1S-82 %)AM WA12CO3 L.AM0rTL1. i VICINITY MAP '"o 1-4 .A 6da , t Of , t, kpwv M-18 Sycamore The Sycamore landfill is located within the City of San Diego, near the City of Santee. Major portions of the landfill were acquired from the Federal Government as part of the Camp Elliott Land Disposal Program. The site has a remaining useful life of 20 years. However, plans are currently underway to establish a gravel mining operation on the site which will remove the large cobblestones, thereby increasing its service life by as much as another 15 to 20 years. A portion of this site is leased to a private concern for the purposes of composting poultry wastes into soil additives. 1. L9cation .14494 Nast Blvd.. Santee 2. Day � 7 days Hours 7:30-4:30 (Mon. -Fri.) 7:30-4:00 (Sat. -Sun.) 3. Property Size 531.96 Landfill Size 393 4. 'Tons/Day stn Service Life 2002 (without gravel operation) S. Remaining Voloaie ,F Inn-oov r hiz vjes (without gravel operation) 6. Daily Vehicle Total 290 . Veekend Vehicle Total Sat.-710 Sun.-620 7. Personnel County - 1 Fee'Colleetor 6 Contractors Operating Personnel 8. Equipment Contractor's 9. Owned - 503.36 acres County of San Diego Acquisition Cost S486.166.07 10. Leased 23.S acres 4-18-78 (Navy) Expiration of Lease 4-17-83 11. Date Opened Auaust,1962 - 12. R.A:Q.C.S. Permit M. 76.40 13. S.S.a.3.8. Pemit No. 37.SS-01S 14. S.U.P. No. C.U.P. 6066/plus amendments 1S. Hethane tWitoring System -None Leachate Monitoring System En -place CMMMENTS: Closed Thanksgiving, Christmas, New Year's ,SYCAI.IORE7 S A NITA PY LA WOF'ILL VICINITY MAO a Revised 7-15-d2 III-19 t�+ .s III-20 -n- li SYCAMORE LEGEND ■ ....... Property Line Landfill Limits North Miramar Facility The North Miramar Sanitary Landfill is the primary disposal site for City of San Diego generated municipal solid waste. The site also receives refuse material from Naval installations in the metropolitan area. The site is typical of the sandy -clay, cobble materials found in the Kearny Mesa area. Approximately 1,000,000 cubic yards of disposal volume remain at the site allowing continuation of the facility to October 1982. Design and permitting are now under way for the 870 acre West Miramar site immediately adjacent, providing an estimated 16-20 years of continued disposal facility. 1. Location :Mercury Street. N'ly of Clairemont Mesa Blvd. in Cicv of San Diego 2. Day 7 Days Hours 8:00 AN to 4:30 ?m 3. PropertySize 285 Acres Landfill Size 200 Acres 4 4. Tons/Day 3,000 . Service Life cc Occober 1982 " S. Remaining Volume 1.000.000 cubic yards , fr 6. Daily Vehicle Total 1,000 Weekend Vehicle Total sac-750. Sun. -550 i 7. Personnel 1 %arager, 4 Suparvisars, 18 operators, 7 Custodians. 6 Fee Collectors 8. Equipment 9 Dozers, 2 Scrapers, 2 Vater Trucks, 2 Graders. 1 Compactor, mist. vehiclas w j 9. {iI# Owned U.S. Navy Acquisition Cost 8/A renewable lease _t 10. Leased to City of San Dieyo Expiration of Lease 12-31-82 E 11. }! 1 Qate Opened Early 1970-s 12. R.W.Q.C.8. Permit No. 60-1-3 '1 13. S.S.N.,4.8. Permit No. 37-5$-002 ..�+ } 14. S.U.P. No. Y/A . Navy t 15. Methane Monitoring Systm Faciliries Leachate Nanitoring System None operational 16. Capital Improvements $25,000 annual allocation 17. Maintenance 18. :text Fiscal Year Budget Schedule N/A CWME14TS: 1 SCAit ua! 44 W 111-22 West Miramar Facility The West Miramar Sanitary Landfill is expected to be the primary disposal site for City of San Diego generated municipal solid waste. For the balance of this century, the site will also receive refuse material from Naval installations in the metropolitan area. The site is typical of the sandy -clay, cobble materials found in the Kearny Mesa area. Approximately 35,600,000 cubic yards of di•,posal volume is anticipated allowing the site to be operated for a period of 16-20 years. 1, Location .Mercury Sgreer N'iv of ri -- - 2. Day 7 lava Hours _$ aM to 4.10 P4 3. Property Size 870 + acres landfill Size i 4. Tons/day 3,000 + i Service Life 16-20 years S. Remaining Volume 35.600,00o cubic varda 6. Gaily Vehicle Total t,000 Weekend Vehicle Total Sac.-750, Sun.-550 7. Personnel 1 Manager. 4 Supervisors, 18 operators I Custodians 6 fee Collectovs B. Equipment 9 Dozers. 2 Scrapers. 2 Vaeer trucks, 2 Craders, 1 Compactor, aisc, vehicles 9. owned U.S. Navr Acquisition Cost N/A renevable Lease 10. Leased Lease_ ac_ guisition in rogress Expiration of Lease 11. Date Opened Lace 1982 12. R.W.Q.C.B. Permit No. 82-13 13. S.S.W.11.8. Permit no. In process 14. S.U,P. Ito. N/A 16. Methane Nonitaring System Facilities Leaehate Monitoring System None operational 16. Capital Improvements Estimated at S&A, millioa 17. Maintenance 18.' Next Fiscal Year Budget Schedule $4,500,000 CO.4NENTS : III-23 F 1 III-24 ail t -�7" Montgomery Facility I The Montgomery demolition landfill receives only inert demolition type s materials generated in the metropolitan San Diego area. { The site is in the Kearny Mesa area at the easterly end of the Montgomery field runway and is typical of the geologic strata of that area. Concrete and asphalt materials are stockpiled on site and are spread and covered at intervals consistent with incoming earthen cover material. c64 The usable life of the facility is dependent upon variable economic I� conditions and is currently estimated at 7 to 10 years. 1. Location Calla Forcunads Wly Ruifin Rd. and N'ly Aero Drive 4 1 2. Day 5/days per week Hours 3 AH4 cc 3:30 PN F� 3. Property Size 40 Acres Landflil Size 40 acres of 4. Tons/Day L50 _ Service Life 7 cc 10 years S. Remaining Volume 1,000,000 cubic yards 6. Daily Vehicle Total _ i5 Weekend Vehicle Total 0 7. Personnel 1 Operaco-, I. Fee Collector 8. -Equipment I Dozer 9. Owned City of San Diego Acquisition Cost N/A t`! 10. Leased N/A Expiration of Lease N/^ 11. Date Opened Early 1970's 12. R.A.Q.C.B. Permit No, 72-10 13. S.S.tl,ti.B. Permit No. 37-SS-003 i 14. S.U.P. Ito. N/A 15. Itethane "Wit.oring System none Leacnate 104nitoring System None ifi, Capital tmorovements S25,000 annually 3 17, ;taintenanee .+ i 18, ;text Fiscal Year Budget Schedule 3200.000 COMENTS : j aj'lictnity Nap ;� to scale a "� sad III-25 � eai —k Military Disposal ; The urban region of San Diego County includes the Camp Pendleton Marine Base. �. The Base operates its own disposal system. Therefore, this 209-square-mile area is omitted from calculations of refuse generation and disposal. Standard sanitary landfill practices are followed by base personnel and x civilians who operate this system. A study of resource recovery opportunities has been made. Conclusions from the study are being developed. 1 The Eleventh Naval District utilizes City and County disposal sites. FUTURE DISPOSAL NEEDS FOR THE SAN DIEGO REGION ' To evaluate the adequacy of existing landfill facilities it is necessary to jcompare their remaining capacities with the expected future volumes of waste ' and any compaction of the waste. Information on remaining projected capabilities was obtained from the City of —+ I San Diego and the County. The information obtained is then fed into the Solid Waste Allocation Matrix I (SWAM I). SWAM I then projects wastesheds for various solid waste facilities ' based on the assumptions in the• matrix. A complete discussion of the basic assumptions used in this matrix is included in the Appe.Oix (A-III-1). In brief, SWAM I uses population predictions based on growth plans and actual census data, identifies existing facilities and establishes the shortest haul distance to assign trash from its area of generation to a particular disposal facility. Using projected remaining capacities and predicted volumes based on the above information, the Matrix identifies closing dates for facilities. SWAM I then •+ reroutes the annual volume of trash to remaining or newly identified facilities. wa ww r-A In order to project future disposal needs for the San Diego region, a number .� of "scenarios" were developed. These conditions were programmed into the matrix. For each different set of conditions, SWAM I then predicted future landfill disposal capacity. Figure III-6 The first matrix run (Figure III-6) shows our existing, urban area facilities as of 1982. These include the Otay, Sycamore, Montgomery, Miramar, Bonsall, San Marcos and Ramona Landfills and the Palomar Transfer Station. Current service areas can be identified by using the legend which appears on the. left side of the figures. Taste processed at the Palomar Transfer Station is shipped t6 the San Marcos Landfill for disposal. 11% Figures III-7 & 8 r� Figures III-7 and III-8 represent a "do nothing" condition. The matrix assumes —that --there would be only existing solid waste facilities. The run also assumes: 1) that trash will be compacted to the contract density of 1200 pounds per cubic yard, 2) population growth in San Diego County will increase 10% over predicted amounts as demonstrated by the 1980 Census data. 3) The City's West Miramar facility opens when the existing Miramar Landfill closes in mid-1982. 4) The West Miramar site will have a capacity of 35.6 million cubic yards. 5) Trash generation factors do not change. Figure III-7 shows the service areas for the year 1988. No new facilities have been added. By this time, only the Bonsall Landfill has closed. The trash routed to Bonsall would then be received at the Palomar Transfer Station. However, all waste received at Palomar Transfer Station is disposed M+ of at the San Marcos site. W" III-28 Figure III-8 dramatically represents the future disposal picture without any new solid waste facilities on line. By the year 2000, the Ramona (1990), West Miramar (1998), Palomar Transfer Station and San Marcos facilities (1993) have all closed, leaving only the Otay and Sycamore Landfills to serve the projected 2.808 million population, which will generate 3.107 million tons of solid waste that year. Figure III-9 & 10 The next two figures (III-9 and III-10) assume that by 1988 only the SANDER Plant has been added to the existing solid waste system. The fo►lowing assumptions about SANDER have been made: 1. The Plant is located in the South Bay Area. 2. The Plant accepts 1200 tons of solid waste per day. The plant accepts all Class II wastes, less demolition wastes, within its designated waste generation area. The waste generation area is determined by the usual method of shortest haul and time distance. Usina the projections of the computer model SWAM I, along with allowances for recycling, demolition wastes and other factors, this waste generation will not exceed SANDER's capacity through the year 2000. 3. The Plant becomes operational in 1987. All other conditions applied to scenario one, the "do nothing" alternative, remain the same. As with the "do nothing" conditions, the 1988 impact of the SANDER Project is minimal. Figure III-9 shows SANDER on line for the first time. Its waste - shed is located in the southwest portion of the figure. It takes in south and central county area trash and achieves a 90% reduction by volume (80% by weight). Residue from the SANDER Plant is transferred to the Otay Landfill for disposal. Only the Bonsall Landfill has closed. All North County waste is handled at the San Marcos Landfill. III-29 I nj 4x a u own FEE& 0 Mkiftw 1. 1> i Figure III-10 shows the wasteshed in the year 2000. The SANDER Plarit has extended the life of the West Miramar Landfill by 2-1/2 years. It will now close in mid-2000. Other remaining facilities are the Otay and Sycamore Landfills. t ' ' Figure III-11 Figure III-11 builds on the successful implementation of the SANDER Project. k This run assumes that if SANDER can be operational by 1987, resource recovery can also be on line in the North County. The San Marcos Landfill is still I open. f-a By the year 1990, a similar resource recovery plant at the Sycamore Landfill has been added to the system. s � These two plants are assumed to achieve the same volume and weight �^eductions of SANDER, i.e., 90% and,80% respectively. However, unlike the SANDER Plant, their capacities will not be limited to 1200 tons per day. Rather, they will be capable of accepting all the raw municipal solid waste in the area. The Sycamore and San Marcos Landfills will be restricted to wastes not acceptable at a resource recovery facility, like demolition waste and residue from the 04 respective resource recovery facility. Because of the 1200 ton per day 114 limitation of SANDER, Otay and Miramar Landfills will receive some municipal �Id solid waste. r Under this alternative, by the year 2000, only the Bonsall and Ramona Land- fills have closed. All others currently in the system have capacity t projections beyond the year 2000. Figure III-12 This Final SWAM I projection has been produced to identify the existing facilities in the year 2003. It assumes the three resource recovery plants have been on line since 1990. The West Miramar site has closed. Its waste has been rerouted to the Sycamore facility since SANDER has a 1200 ton WA capacity. III-37 F 5.f I I Table III-2 identifies projected closure dates for the existing urban area 1 under the three sets of conditions discussed in the preceding section. TABLE III-2 i Projected Closure Dates Conditions Bonsall Miramar Montgomery Otay Ramona San Marco Situation 1 No new facilities 1985 1998 1990 2006 1990 1993 thru year 2000 Situation 2 SANDER on line in Mid the South Bay in 1�q5 2000 1990 2000+ 1990 1993 1987 (1200 T/PD) Situation 3 SANDER, North County & Sycamore on-line 1985 2000+ 1990 2000+ 1990 2000+ Table III-3 shows the projected, regional haul costs for transporting the ant volumes of trash for the current year, 1982, and years 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2 tinder all three of the situations are shown. Costs are based on assumptions in SWAM I. They are discussed in Appendix (A-III-1). TABLE 111-3 Projected Annual Haul Costs (in millions of dollars) Condition 1982 1985* 1990 1995 2000 Situation 1 $16.2 $17.7 $20.2 $27.1 $41.6 Situation 2 $17.7 $19.4 $26.2 $39.4 Situation 3 $17.7 $18.7 $21.0 $22.9 " 1111.1 uucU s i title THIS wou i a De the year for the next Plan revision process to commence. Table III-4 projects the remaining cumulative landfill capacity for the region in millions of cubic yards. Again, capacity has been calculated for each of three situations: Situation 1 assumes no new facilities in the system through the year 2000.- Situation 2 assumes that SANDER comes on line in 1987 but no other facilities are added through the year 2000; Situation 3 brings SANDER and the North County Resource Recovery Facility on line in 1987 and the Sycamore Resource Recovery becomes operational in 1990. Again, projections for 1985 are made since that wou)d be the year of the next Plan revision. III-38 TABLE III-4 7 Remaining Regional Landfill Capacity - (in millions of cubic yards) -1982 1985 1990 1995 2000 -- Situation 1 104.6 93.5 73.1 51.3 27.2 Situation 2 93,5 75.8 57.4 36.7 -y Situation 3 93.5 79.5 68.7 57.1 Landfill Closure Plans. In the past, landfill sites- have often been closed without definite plans for ultimate use. Landfill sites to be completed in the near future are proposed for open space tile. Table III-5 lists the currently operating landfills in the coastal region and their probable final uses. TABLE III-5 Landfill Site Probable Use Upon Closure Site Proposed Use Bonsall Open Space Miramar Open Space Montgomery I Industrial Park Otay Ramona Open Space and/or Park Site San Marcos Open Space Regional Park Site Sycamore Open Space and Park Land Sanitary landfilling is a fairly recent practice in San Diego County; 1951 by the City of San Diego and 1954 by the County. Table III-6 shows the historical use of existing solid waste landfills and rural container sites. r COMPLETED LANDFILLS There are 28 identified completed landfills within San Diego County. Figure } III-13 shows the locations of these completed disposal sites. Table III-7 lists ►, the location of these disposal sites. III-39 TABLE III-6 O1 }OSAL FACILITIES IN SAN Ole2d COUNTY HISTORICAL USE W E711STI16 SOLIO WASTE SITES WITHIN SAN of oo -AU2. 1961. 1992-1981 -mmmmmmommmmmmmmmommmoommmmmmmm ����■�■��m����e���■�moecco ��■�����■��■����oon 00000coo �■���■��occ0000cooc�c ooco ccccooc ccocococoocccooc000000 occ�aocooc 000ccoocceom�acoa °�1°000ae� ■��u����� 000cemoe�aa 0000co�c�oco�co�a000ee oo�000coo��ocoo�000ao�oa ■�n���n■�r����������eoecoe000 �■�������■■m��n�ccooc000coa �■��■����■�■o�c0000000000000 o • Rural Transfer Station a • Santtwv Lanatlll 0 • eurnelte e • 0ldaee ! andfl l l d • ONlltlon Landfill TABLE III-7 CCM PLETED LANDFILL SITES IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY Number Site Location Number Site Location I 2 Alpine Arizona 15 Miramar, South 3 Balboa Park 16 17 Mission Bay Nora Coastal 4 5 Carlsbad Chollas South 18 19 Oceanside Paradise 6 7 Encinitas I Encinitas II 20 Pine Valley 8 Escondido 21 22 Poway Solana Beach 9 10 Falibrook Gillespie 23 San Isidro 11 Jacumba 24 25 Soutn Bay Sweetwater 12 13 Jamacha Jamul 26 Valley Center 14 Lakeside 27 28 Vlejas Vista III-40 FIGURE 111-13 COMPLETED LANDFILLS IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY fv til 111-41 SUMMARY 96% of the solid waste in San Diego County is disposed of at eight landfills. Based on current generation figures, the Bonsall, Montgomery and existing Miramar Landfills will close by 1990; the San Marcos and Ramona sites will close before the year 2000. The City of San Diego plans to open the West Miramar site in 1982. However, withcut additional facilities, it too will reach capacity by the year 1998. In the -year 2000, the Borrego, Sycamore and Otay facilities will be the only avai-lable sites if additional facilities are not acquired and if resource recovery is not developed. Acquisition,. permit approval and facility development can take as long as 10 years. The SANDER Project is the only large scale alternative facility currently being planned. SANDER will have a design capacity of 1200 tons per day. Assuming it achieves a 90% reduction in vol'ume, the SANDER Project will conserve approximately 600,000 cubic yards of landfill space annually. The County, of San Diego has identified the following alternatives for averting a disposal crisis in the region: 1. DeYaiopment of the SANDER project, proposed to come on-line in 1987. 2. -Development of a replacement facility for the Bonsall Landfill.. 3. Investigation of acquisition of additional acreage at the Otay and Sycamore Landfi 1-1 s . 4. Development of resource recovery projects at the El Cajon and Sycamore facilities, and in the North County, o i 5. Development of an Interior Zone facility to replace the Descanso Landfill. 1 6. implement other resource recovery systems as they become viable. .4 III-42 f" i-4 r4 1-f CHAPTER IV RECOVERABLE RESOURCES The waste stream contains many valuable resources which can be separated and recycled. This saves both virgin materials and energy. Recycling aluminum cans, for example, saves 95% of the energy required to manufacture from the original ore. Recycling ferrous metal saves 74% of the energy; selected plastics can save over 80%. Innovative thinking can expand this list. Direct recovery of metals, glass, paper, non-ferrous metals, plastics and oil can be accomplished at the source, at intermediate points such as transfer stations, or at integrated refuse processing plants. Recovery through conversion generally requires a processing facility. This effort is described more thoroughly in Chapter V. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss recycling in San Diego County. f A discussion of the City of San Diego's recycling efforts are included in the Appendix (A-IV-2). The residents of San Diego County should be aware that they are facing a virtual "garbage crisis". Many realize they must change their "throw -away" lifestyle. They are learning that waste products are not necessarily "worthless trash". Rather, they are valuable resources that can easily be conserved, recycled or otherwise recovered. The public's response has been encouraging. Our•Ing 1980, over 61,000 tons of post consumer materials were recycled back into industry. This does not include the nearly 128,000 tons of ferrous metal shipped through the Port of San Diego. Approximately 40% of the County's newsprint and 25% of its aluminum is currently being recycled. The recovery of materials is beginning to reduce the quantities of solid waste that otherwise would have to be landfilled. The potential for further reduction is great. IV-1 Recycling and separate collection of recyclable material is not new. In fact, the highest recycling rates ever achieved were during World War II when rates two or three times higher than our present figures were attained. — After W- rld War II, however, recycling rates dropped sharply and no real public interest was generated until 1970. At that time the environmental movement became quite active. _ The strengthening of the oil producing/exporting countries' cartel during the early 70's added momentum to the developing concensus that recycling really is an important economic activity. -- Recycling Centers San Diego County has a viable network of commercial recycling centers. Although markets for recycled materials have fluctuated dramatically in the past, these recycling centers have become a stable and dependable source of supply for certain raw and semi --processed materials. They can be expected to contribute more as their operations become more routine and as manufacturers Y� become aware of the advantages of using recycled materials. These recycling activities have grown into a multi -million dollar industry which is highly labor intensive. It employs over 400 1 oca-l--peopl.e on either , a full- or part-time basis and is supported by an unknown number of additional industries and volunteer organizations. labor levels, however, are extremely sensitive to market conditions. ? The County of San Diego received a State Solid Waste Management Board grant for construction of three "buy-back" centers. They are located at County facilities in the east and south County. The centers at Otay and Sycamore are operated under private contract and will accept aluminum, glass, news- print, used motor oil, and recyclable plastic. Hours of operation at the Otay "buy-back" center is from 7:00 a.m. to } 4:00 p.m., Monday through Friday and 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., Saturday and Sunday. The Sycamore "buy back" center is open Monday through Friday, 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., and Saturday and Sunday, 7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. IV-2 The City of San Diego has two drop off recycling centers. They are located at the City's Operations buildings at the Chollas Landfill and at the Miramar Landfill. The Chollas center is open 7 days a week, 24 hours a day, and accepts alumi- num, glass, newsprint and used motor oil. The Miramar center is open 7 days k P1 a week from 8:00 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. and accepts aluminum and glass. a Curbside Collection rAlong with the development of recycling centers, the '70's saw various tests of separate collections of recyclable materials. In January 1974, the City of San Diego implemented a curbside newspaper collection program. Initially, the City contracted with a local paper stock dealer to pick-up newspapers on a bi-weekly basis. High collection costs and problems with unauthorized pick-up of the newspapers by scavengers forced the private company to discontinue collection activities. tit # 1# In May 1975, the City took over the newspaper collection service. The program continued until May 1978. The program never achieved satisfactory results for the following reasons: k� 1. Revenues from the program did not equal the costs. # S a 2. Citizen participation varied widely among the community areas. 3. Scavengers would collect the newspapers before City crews could get on i their routes. At the time the program was about to end, it was determined that: t � 1. 91.75 tons of newspapers per week were collected prior to 1978. With a � scavenging the tonnage dropped to 43.54 tons per week during the last year of the program. x IV-3 .s 2. Revenue per ton averaged $19.87 prior to 1978. The market for recycled newsprint improved dramatically in 1978 and the average price per ton jumped to $32.37. 3. Average cost per ton prior to 1978 was $45.50. As the tonnage dropped with scavenging taking place, average cost per ton rose to $87.90. Because the revenues from collection did not equal the costs, the program was not resumed. According to EPA figures, there were over 216 curbside programs in 1978. Of these, only a few could demonstrate significant financial justification. w However, according to the EPA survey, reasons for the programs were mainly resource savings and conserving landfill space, not financial feasibility. -� On June 4, 1982 the City of Oceanside was awarded a grant from the State Solid Waste Management Board in the amount of $250,000 for implementation of a curbside collection program to separately collect tin, aluminum, glass and newsprint from the City's residential areas. The program is scheduled to begin in early 1983. f The goal of this program is to recapture 23% of the residential waste presently entering the wastestream, thereby prolonging landfill capacity and preserving resources. A public awareness program is also planned as part of the separate collection program implementation. The County of San Diego will monitor the Ocenaside curbside collection program. Based on analysis of the results of the Oceanside program, the County will promote the establishment of similar curbside collection programs ' in other regions of the County with similar local characteristics. { While curbside collection may not be financially rewarding, it does have a legitimate place in municipal solid waste disposal options. Curbside pro- grams make for a more recycling aware public. However, this awareness is not always enough to make a program successful. More projects will be established as they becom,% economically sound. IV-4 F �fi The specific realities of each program need to be examined to determine if it is an appropriate choice or if other methods would serve better. In general, curb,'I';m collection is best described as being neighborhood specific and sens► ti yr u', local conditions and criteria. 1� Col l ec,,:i on Bins - Civic and Charitable Organizations i Numerous collection bins have been placed at shopping centers, church parking ra lots, etc. throughout the county by civic, charitable and church groups. F They are provided to encourage volunteer deposit of recyclable materials. t For the most part, these bins are designed for newspapers and aluminum cans. s The actual quantity of material collected by these sources is unknown since it is often sold to commercial collection centers rather than buyers from the { commodity market. 1 "`t i Collection Centers - Commercial Organizations -- There is a viable network of commercial buyback centers throughout the county. Others are being planned to expand the activity. During 1980, these centers processed over 61,000 tons of recyclable material. Table VI-1 provides a breakdown of the material processed in 1980. TABLE IV-1 RECYCLABLE MATERIAL PROCESSED (1980) San Diego County Commodity Tons Aluminum 4,035 Newsprint 28,113 Cardboard 16,897 Plastics -0- High-grade Ledgers 11,288 Glass 1,050 Other (Film) 6 TOTAL 61,389 IV-5 The SANDER Project conducted a survey of commercial recycling centers in its wasteshed. Of those responding, two indicated they planned to add aluminum r to their processing activity within the next 18 months, one will add news- print, and one plans to add plastic. Used oil was not considered in this survey. Although recyclable, it requires different equipment and handling procedures. As part of San Diego County's 1982 Great California Resource Rally Week events, a glass and plastic buy-back center was opened in mid -town San Diego. The 61,389 tons removed from the waste stream by commercial recyclers repre- sents 3% by weight of the total quantity. This represents approximately 120,000 cubic yards of landfill volume. This is nearly twice the quantity of material recycled in 1978. Surveys of the commercial recyclers indicate that the upward trend will continue through 1986 at a rate between 5% and 6% per year. f A recent survey of recycling firms in San Diego County revealed a downward trend in quantities of recyclable materials processed in 1981. An estimated 35,000 tons of aluminum, newsprint, cardboard, high-grade ledger, and plastics were handled in 1981. This is approximately 60% of the quantity recycled in 1980. Some of the reduction can probably be attributed to participation rate in the survey. Additionally, however, a depressed market for recyclable materials has resulted in tonnage decline. } i A list of recycling centers in the San Diego region is included in the .ter 1 Appendix (A-IV-1). Typically, the secondary materials industry is oriented to short-range market E requirements. Current demand for these materials generally determines both i the dealer's buying and selling prices. i i i IV-6 The market has experienced major price fluctuations and supply -demand changes in recent years. Recyclable materials are generally used as supplements to Virgin materials. They are in strong demand only when a firm's desired pro- duction exceeds virgin material availability. Even slight changes in the volume of production can significantly influence the demand for secondary materials and the prices paid for them. The salvage industry is a labor intensive operation since recycled materials are seldom received in pure condition. A typical salvage operation in San Diego County consists of sorting, disassembly, breaking of 130ired material, burning off contaminants and chemical recovery or laundering. Preparation for shipment includes shredding, baling or bundling. Figure IV-1 shows a typical structure of the salvage industry and flow of commodities. FIGURE IV-1 TYPICAL SALVAGE INDUSTRY STRUCTURE SCRAP CONSUMING INDUSTRIES DEALER — PROCESSOR REFUSE HAULER SOCIAL SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS R IALIST ALER. SCAVENGER. JUNKMEN SOURCES BROKER ORGANIZATIONS AND SCHOOLS SOURCE: "Salvage Markets for Materials in Solid Wastes," United Scum Environmental Protection Agency (1972). IV-7 Informal Recoveiable Materials Activities Perhaps the most extensive recyclable activities are conducted by charitable non-profit agencies. These organizations make door-to-door collections in search of resalable commodities: textiles, used clothing and furniture, Ousehold goods, repairable white goods. A portion of the goods obtained is usually beyond repair and is sold as "junk" or wiping rags, or may be discarded as waste. However, the material becomes reusable merchandise available to the public at the thrift stores each organization maintains. The periodic recycling drives of numerous charitable groups and local civic _ organizations, service clubs, churches and schools constitute an important aspect of recycling. Collected items are generally sold directly to secondary materials dealers and constitute over half of all the newsprint and cans recovered during favorable market conditions. Second-hand dealers, as well as swap meets, garage sales or "flea -markets" are also a part of the recycling picture. Discards may change hands several times before they finally enter the waste stream. - San Diego Ecology Centre, Inc. The non-profit San Diego Ecology Centre, Inc. contributes to recycling efforts in San Diego County. Partially funded by grant funds, by the City and County of San Diego and by private donations, the Centre assists recy- cling efforts throughout the County. The Centre also functions as a clear- - ! inghouse for environmental information and provides referral services. i Mi 1 i tart' Recycling s The military services have a program for reprocessing materials declared surplus to the needs of military installations in San Diego County. At each major military base is an arm of the United States Defense Supply Agency. All reusable or recyclable items no longer needed by a particular military t t are made available to units where the can be used. Recycled activity Y s s IV-8 I rW__7_ materials range from airplanes to pencil p sharpeners. A spokesperson for the Agency's center at the North Island Naval Air Station indicated that such r management has significantly reduced the Navy's "waste to disposal". Only i absolute wastes now end up in the trash container. OBSTACLES TO SALVAGING Over the years industry has often found new materials to be cheaper than PA t' recovered materials: natural resources have been plentiful; public policy has favored them; environmental costs have been omitted from the price. Virgin materials producers generally do not pay the full costs of the environmental F� impact caused by their processing activities. Secondary materials users usually receive no credit for removing these materials from the waste system. Y 4 Capi'tal gains treatment for profit, depreciation schedules, depletion allow- ances, and other tax write-offs encourage the use of virgin materials and place recycled na`z:-ials at an economic disadvantage. Many regulatory provisions were instituzed in the past when the national emphasis was on industrial development. They now have the effect of limiting markets for recyclable materials. In light of current needs for resource conservation and recyciiq, these provisions must now be reevaluated. Tax legislation must be developed that encourages the use of recycled materials. i 'J Scrap Metal Salvaging -4 There are presently six major scrap metal dealers operating in San Diego County. y Local salvaging operations are dependent to a great degree upon foreign �{ markets. Prices paid for used ferrous and non-ferrous scrap tend to fluctu- ate substantially and unpredictably. ..i IV-9 Ferrous Metals Junked automobiles are the greatest source of ferrous metals processed in San Diego County. According to a spokesperson for the Scrap Disposal Company, an estimated 50,000 to 75,000 automobile hulks were processed into scrap by this firm during 1980. Most were brought in as flattened hulks from outside the County and, in fact, many came from outside the State. Approximately 128,000 tons of ferrous scrap were shipped during calendar year 1980 to Japanese markets through the Port of San Diego by Scrap Disposal. (Scrap materials salvaged in San Diego are transported to the mill by rail, truck or ship. No information is available on rail or truck loadings.) Major user, for reclaimed ferrous products are as scrap raw material for the steel industry, for copper mine precipitation operations and as steel scrap after de -tinning. Demand is largely determined by three factors: (1,) total iron and steel production, which correlates with economic activity as a whole; (2) the ratio of virgin metal to scrap consumed by the industry, which is largely but not entirely governed by process mix; and (3) export demand for scrap. Ferrous scrap is sold by grade. Prices have gone through periods of substan- tial fluctuations during the past five years. The County's Palomar Transfer Station, which uses a belt -type magnetic separ- ation over its shredded refuse conveyor, removed approximately 3,000 tons of ferrous scrap from the waste stream during fiscal year 1980-81. Markets for ferrous scrap at this time are seriously depressed by the reduced demands of foreign consumers. In addition, shredded, light weight, ferrous scrap sepa.•ated from municipal refuse contains organic impurities and other contaminates in such quantities as to make marketing difficult without an additional processing or cleaning step. The costs associated with such addi- tional steps must be weighed carefully. The initial ferrous recovery operation at the Palomar Transfer Station required installation of a secondary clean-up process. IV-10 Won -Ferrous Metals IA' 1 I Aluminum is the most important of the non-ferrous metals. 00 well developed salvaging activities in other ncn-ferrous metals esuch rasare +I copper, brass and lead, the intrinsic value of these materials is so widely P4 recognized that they are not discarded in large volumes into the solid waste f stream. (Recyclable aluminum has a current market value of $575 to $650 a ton). t=� In 1980 over 4,000 tons of aluminum were recycled in San Diego County. Through the efforts of the major aluminum companies (Alcoa and Reynolds) and ` the major users of aluminum cans (beer and soft drink suppliers), the recy- cling effort in aluminum has become institutionalized into a major industry. + We estimate that approximately 25 % of the aluminum beverage cans used in San Diego County are recycled. Waste Plastics "Plastics" is a generic term covering many organic, synthetic, or processed objects, rocess d ' materials that are molded, cast, extruded, drawn or laminated into objec is films or filaments. Of the 2.69 billion pounds of plastic material used ' the United States in 1980, approximately 85% were thermoplastic t In �., ch can be remelted and recycled. The other 15% were "thermoset" aftereforming and require additional steps for recycling or resource recovery. In 1970 plastics comprised 2.0% of the collected waste; in 1980 plastics made I � up 6.0%. It is expected that the proportion of plastics in domestic refuse will continue to increase as the number of applications grows. The State Solid Waste Management Board is promoting markets for plastic materials as well as other materials from the waste stream. claimed Many innovative products are being manufactured in Europe and Japan from reclaimed Rising ng prices for natural `•' gas and oil, the raw materials for plastic,. are causing United States manufacturers to take a new look at IV-11 W the possibilities of recycling plastics at their highest energy level. In the meantime, the high Btu value of the various types of post consumer plastics makes them attractive for use in energy conversion equipment when markets are not available for higher energy level recycling. Waste' `Paper " Reclamation of waste paper has great potential for reducing the total amount and volume of solid waste requiring disposal. Of all the material found in t. } municipal waste, paper is the largest component, constituting nearly 45% (wet i weight) of the waste stream. Once paper enters the waste stream it becomes contaminated by mixture with other refuse. Because of the high costs of recovery and decontamination,i paper has seldom been salvaged for recycling from this source. Such OA reclamation must await the development of different techniques for separation .� or energy conversion..; At the present time newsprint and corrugated are the waste papers which are , most readily diverted from the solid waste stream, salvaged in quantity and recycled With`a minimum -of -•expenditure of money and effort. High quality t ' mixed papers, including such items as bond papers, ledger stock, computer print out sheets and punched data cards, are also an important, but less voluminous category, Source separation provides the most effective means for recycling waste paper. A 1980 survey made of San Diego County recyclers indicated that over 28,000 tons of newsprint were recycled during the calendar year. This is approxi- mately 400/0' of the newsprint available for recycling. This percentage could double as expanded processing facilities come on line in the area if more programs were initiated. IV-12 %W White Office Paper rl White office paper Makes up approximately 8% of all paper found in the muni- cipal waste stream. Instead of throwing away used white bond paper, computer cards, printouts and other high grade papers, offices can collect and sell them to local recyclers and waste haulers at premium prices. f� Approximately 11,288 tons of high grade papers were recycled during 1980. The County of San Diego's office paper recycling effort is yielding approxi- mately 5 tons per month from participating County facilities. This program will be expanded during 1982-83. The City of San Diego, Solid Waste Division, began an office paper recycling program in 1981. There is no cumulative data available on this program. Other cities have either individual programs (Vista) or participate in the coordinated effort of the Ecology Centre (Chula Vista). ri More effort must be expended towards increasing this type of recycling 64 effort. Waste Lubricating oil I WV Lubricating oil is not generally thought of as an element of solid waste. Its disposal and recoverability, however, are of particular concern to solid "! waste management because of its hazardous nature. The principal post - customer sources of used lubricating oils are accumulations from crankcase drainings at service stations, automotive repair garages, aircraft and _r commercial automotive fleet operators. On the basis of the number of motor vehicles registered in the County and projected miles driven, it is estimated that lubricating motor oil is cur- rently being consumed at an annual rate of 6 million gallons. The "Used Oil Recycling Act of 1977", or SB 68, encourages waste oil reclama- tion by prescribing requirements for the collection, storage, recycling, use -- IV-13 and disposal of used oil. Its intended purpose is to conserve irreplacable petroleum resources. Responsibility for implementing provisions of the Act is assigned to the State Solid Waste Management Board. The Act specifically requires the Board to: 1. Encourage the establishment of voluntary used oil collection and recycling programs. 2. Adopt rules requiring oil retailers to post signs indicating the location of a nearby collection facility. 3. Adopt regulations governing the operation of collection facilities, used oil haulers, and used oil recyclers. 4. Conduct a public information program regarding the need for and the benefits of collecting and recycling used oil. 5. Encourage the procurement of re -refined automotive and industrial oils for all State and local uses. 5. Submit an annual report to the Legislature analyzing the effectiveness of the program. While used motor oil is a valuable resource, it is also identified as a hazardous waste under EPA regulations. Such disposal is therefore also governed by the rules and regulations established for the disposal of other types of hazardous wastes. _. There are two major markets for used oil: as a boiler or heating fuel, or re -refined for reuse as a lubricant. About 80 percent of the waste oil can be recovered by reprocessing at a saving of approximately 70 percent of the energy required for initial processing. Of the estimated 5 million gallons of automotive -type lubricating oil used in �. San Diego County annually, an estimated 3 million gallons, or 50 percent, is recovered for reuse. Half of the recycled oil is burned as fuel and half is recycled for reuse. IV-14 rs ra Customer preference for new oil continues to persist. In future years, as sources of natural crude oil are depleted, there will be greater dependency upon recycled oil as a motor lubricant. In San Diego County there are six companies reclaiming used oil. Five of these reclaim for burning, asphalt processing, tar paper manufacture or energy reclamation and one, Nelco Oil Refining Corp., reclaims for recycling purposes. Q{ Sears, Roebuck & Co. outlets have an active oil recycling program. As -a consequence, the Sears chain is one of the major suppliers of used oil to Nel co. Ili Another major source of waste oil is from the cleaning of ship's tanks and bilges, and tank pumpings. The U.S. Navy has installed shore -based facili- ties to recover contaminated and other shipboard fuels not suitable for fleet activities. Waste oil accumulations from these sources are upgraded and d reused as industrial fuel by utility firms and maritime fleet owners. 1 J While it is seldom practical to attempt to re -refine all used oil generated 3 in an area, the possibility exists to increase substantially the quantity and ratio now being re -refined in San Diego County. f� Waste Glass tf In 1972 glass comprised 5 to 6% of the waste stream. By 1977 the percentage p. dropped to 4.5% to 5.5%, reflecting the increased use of aluminum can,- in the f soft drink industry. Further decreases in percentage of glass can be expected as plastics make further inroads in the soft drink industry. On the basis of 4.5% glass, San Diego County's 1980 waste stream contained 1 : 89,145 tons of glass. Only 1,050 tons were recovered by the various recy- cling programs in the County during the same time period. The April 1982 opening of a glass buy-back center should increase glass recycling efforts in i` �,, IV-15 the County. Through the joint efforts of the SANDER Project and the Ecology Centre, Inc., Industrial Metals and Salvage Company (IMS) now offers a glass buy-back service. As an aggregate, glass is not competitive with crushed rock, which is abundant in San Diego County. Glass has a high negative vaiue in any form of mechanical waste processing. Where shredders are used, glass increases the ;near on hammers by as much as SOS. In incinerators, glass represents a heat loss of 0.3 Btu/pound/ degree F. It also contributes much to the slagging problems experienced in furnaces and grates and adds to the weight of the ash that must be disposed of. In pyrolytic reactors, it represents a sensible heat loss and adds to the weight of the char which then requires further processing. In fluidized bed reactors, it imposes strict temperature control requirements to avoid its characteristic fritting temperature and contributes to the inerts loading that must be removed from the reactor. f ,M, Even in hand sorting operations, glass presents a hazard to operating person- nel in the form of cuts from flying shard. For these reasons, as well as to reduce waste stream volumes, glass should be removed from the waste stream by source separation to the fullest extent possible. SUMMARY 1 The United States consumes a disproportionate share of the world's available raw materials and energy. The depletion and rapidly rising costs of virgin materials increases the need for recyclable materials recovery programs. In addition, the increased costs for waste collection and disposal and the rapid depletion of suitable landfill space lend urgency to innovative development of new programs for recycling as well as expansion and upgrading of those already in existance. Materials should be recycled at the point of highest energy value. Reuse, for example, as represented by refilling empty food and beverage containers can retain nearly 100% of the item's energy value. Reconstitution, such as IV-16 i Wd 9 t recycling aluminum cans back into new aluminum cans, retains nearly 95% of their energy value; lubricating oil approximately 70%; newsprint, 50%. i, Markets for such materials need to be expanded and new markets developed for other waste components. The SSWMB is promoting the recycling of plastics from the waste stream. Grant funds totaling more than $600,000 (FY 80-81) are being used to develop and expand recycling and resource recovery of plas- tics in California. Reports of findings from this effort will be searched for opportunities for plastic recycling in San Diego County. It no longer makes long-tem. economic sense to bury all our municipal solid waste. Likewise, it is difficult to plan for a 10 to 20 year time -frame in € i* light of rapidly changing conditions and technology. Therefore, a flexible system that recovers both materials and energy from the waste stream fits with the requirements of the future. As the decade passes, it will be neces- sary to achieve a balance that (1) solves the County's solid waste disposal problems, (2) recovers all the materials that are feasible to remove from the waste stream and (3) converts to useful energy that fraction which cannot be recycled at a higher energy value. Ind r4 During the period of the Revision (1982-85) the following actions are 64 proposed to increase recycling and reduce volumes of materials entering the waste stream: 1. The County will assist the cities and the private sector in the coordination of volunteer recycling programs. 2. The County will work with the cities and private industry to implement ( separate collection programs. 3. The County and the Cities, with the assistance of private industry, will P continue to promote waste reduction programs through public information and education programs, community action programs, and by supporting waste reduction legislation. .., IV-17 . 4 4. The County will investigate the development of markets for reclaimed products and, working with the cities, will develop policies for procuring products that are remanufactured and made of recyclable materials. 5. The County Board of Supervisors as the reg ional planning authority for solid waste management shall continue to assess the feasibility of implementation of additional volume reduction programs. When recycling programs make money, they will proliferate. i E � VIA I Vj t r t r t e I r IV-18 i ' f r .1 r 0 CHAPTER V HIGH TECHNOLOGY RESOURCE RECOVE RY Resource recovery recovers both energy and materials from municipal solid E [A waste. Recovery of materials such as magnetic metals, glass, paper, non- ferrous metals and oil can be accomplished by separation at the source, at intermediate points such as transfer stations or at integrated processing plants. Thies low technology, labor intensive recovery is described more �# thoroughly in the preceding chapter. Resource recovery which turns waste into energy and requires a higher level of technology and the use of more fi specialized Equipment, is described in this chapter. This chapter discusses the important benefits of waste -to -energy resource recovery, the types of conversion processes applicable to the San Diego region and County efforts and plans in implementing and maximizing resource recovery. L4 Resource recovery, in which waste is transformed into energy, has the Lo potential to provide something for nearly everyone: _' "'------ fUrban residents gain by getting rid of their solid waste at lower costs, 1 over the long run, than landfilling. Surrounding communities gain since the useful lives of existing landfills are extended and less additional land, an increasingly scarce and valuable resource, must be set aside for future landfills. I ° State and federal governments gain by the fact that electricity is produced without burning oil which must either be extracted from ' increasingly more vulnerable areas of the environment or imported from abroad at ever escalating prices. V-1 0 Environmentalists gain, as a discarded resource is converted into a useful energy source. A further gain occurs when a waste -to -energy program _ emphasizes and promotes recycling. Reduction of Costs Resource recovery systems can reduce hauling and disposal costs when used as alternatives to or in combination with conventional methods of disposal. In the past, resource recovery facilities had generally been unprofitable. Recently, however, the cost of energy has skyrocketed. The rising cost of oil has forced the local utility company to raise rates as much as 60 percent in one year. Additionally, the California Public Utilities Commission, using the Federal Public Utilities Regulatory Act as a guide, is in the process of promulgating rules favorable to small power producers. These developments have given projects such as the San uiego Energy Recovery (SANDER) Project, a very favorable economic outlook. Reduction In Adverse Environmental Effects Resource recovery reduces the amount of organic degradable wastes which are buried. The organic portion of solid waste is the primary source of environmental pollution such as methane gas and leachate. Thus, resource recovery can diminish several potential environmental problems by converting the organic portion into useable energy. The reduction in hauling distance also reduces the exhaust emissions from collection vehicles. The economic value of the decrease in air and water pollutants, together with a reduction in the land area required for waste disposal, are difficult to determine. Such favorable effects, however, must be considered when evaluating the total environmental impact of resource recovery. Creation of Industry The increased utilization of resource recovery in a region creates new industry and employment directly related to the recovery function. V-2 0 Y1i M.1 Industries which can utilize the energy produced by resource recovery in their manufacturing process must be identified concurrent with increased production of energy from the waste stream. Waste -to -energy facilities can assist in making us energy independent; a ton of solid waste is equivalent in higher heating value to a barrel of oil. i� CALIFORNIA'S GOAL } The State Solid Waste Management Board's goal is to reduce the total amount f of residential, commercial and industrial wastes now disposed of in + landfills. The State Solid Waste Management Board through its various programs and grants encourages recycling, reuse and waste -to -energy facilities throughout the State. This goal underlines the high priority that resource recovery must be given by solid waste managers throughout the State. A discussion of the current technology in resource recovery appears in the Appendix (A-IV-1) . RESOURCE RECOVERY IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY i San Diego County has historically been in the forefront of innovative solid waste management. In the early '7Os, the County secured private and public funds for the development and construction of the " Cajon Resource Recovery Demonstration Project; in the mid -seventies, an Economic Development Adminis- tration grant was secured for the construction of the Palomar Transfer Station; and currently, the Board of Supervisors, and the City of San Diego, are actively supporting the San Diego Energy Recovery (SANDER) Project. f' I Historically, landfilling of solid waste has been the most economical dis- posal method. However, the ongoing costs of landfilling, including site maintenance, long-term methane gas and leachate monitoring, as well as capi- tal cost of replacement, when considered with the benefits of recycling and resource recovery, make it advantageous to consider landfilling alternatives. -'' V-3 �F The production of energy from the processing of municipal solid waste is a technology widely and successfully used throughout Europe and the Orient. Although it is a method of solid waste disposal which is still in its infancy in the United States, more and more local agencies are becoming interested in this method of solid waste disposal. To promote alternative methods of solid waste disposal, in 1979, the Board of Supervisors as the agency responsible for regional solid waste management, adopted a policy to: 1) Continue to operate and maintain existing County landfills only for the disposal of waste products and/or waste residuals which cannot be accepted at transfer stations or other solid waste pro- cessing facilities. 2) Seek funding for urban resource recovery projects that result in production of energy, animal food sources or other useful products. 3) Identify candidate sites for the location of transfer stations or other solid waste processing facilities as alternatives to land- fill sites. 4) Encourage lifestyle changes in order to reduce per capita solid waste generation, and promote increased recycling. 5) Whenever feasible, to utilize a shredding process to further decrease solid waste volume. 5) Support public information and education programs and the efforts of other public and private community groups in establishing resource recovery and conservation programs. This was done with the awareness, however, that existing landfills will con- tinue to be operated in order to accommodate certain wastes and/or waste residuals which cannot be disposed of by any other known method. V-4 The E1 Cajon Resource Recovery Demonstration Facility In 1975 construction bogan on a 200 ton per day municipal solid waste resource recovery center. Located in the City of E1 Cajon, the project was a $14.4 million cooperative effort among the Occidental Research Corporation ($8.2 million), the Environmental Protection Agency ($4.2 million) and the County of San Diego ($2 million). The project was designed to test the production of liquid fuel from the organic portion of solid waste through a pyrolysis process. The production of fuel was erratic. A discussion of the demonstration project is included in the Appendix(A-V-2). + The E1 Cajon -Facility provides a conveniently locat-d site where new resource recovery systems, equipment and technologies can be demonstrated. A complete and functioning "front end" processing system is already in place and was successfully demonstrated during start-up testing of the plant. Due to its convenient location in an industrial park, approximately 7 miles from the i County's Sycamore Landfi-11, the plant can be used as a solid waste processing I facility with any plant residue shipped to Sycamore. } The Board of Supervisors approved the sale of its interest in the El Cajon .� plant for use by the private sector as a solid waste facility, 1 The alternative to private operation of the plant is dismantling it and terminating the lease with the City of E1 Cajon. Palomar Transfer Station fi The Palomar Transfer Station was a resource recovery and refuse transfer t facility on County -owned land in the City of Carlsbad. This facility .� shredded solid waste for disposal at the San Marcos Landfill. Recovery of ferrous metals was also done at the project site. The purpose of shredding was to save space and earth cover material. Shredded solid waste compacts with less effort and has a greater density than V-5 unshredded solid wastes. Less material is required for periodic covering. Unfortunately the rising energy cost of shredding made this an expensive facility to operate. J ' 4 During FY 81-82, the County awarded a contract for the private operation of its six sanitary landfills. The contract included a requirement for specific compaction ratios. That requirement, plus the development of performance standards which can be substituted for daily cover, led the Board of Supervisors to direct that shredding operations at this facility cease effective July 1, 1982. San Diego Energy Recovery Project The proposed San Diego Energy Recovery (SANDER) Project is a joint County and City of San Diego project. The proposed project would involve mass burning, i.e., the combustion (burning) of unrecycled municipal solid waste (MSW) as j received, in a furnace/boiler. - E Mass burning uses trash instead of coal or oil to produce steam or electri- city.. Unrecycled waste is unloaded into a pit inside an enclose& building, picked up by crane and transferred to moving grates where it is burned. The { heat produced during burning is captured as steam which can be converted into electricity. In Europe and the Orient this process has been used t { successfully for over 30 years. The steam produced by SANDER can be used by industrial customers or converted to electricity and sold, providing enough energy to power approximately 30,000 homes. Revenues received from energy sales and tipping fees will be used to pay for the facility. Increased recycling will create new revenues for private individuals and recycling businesses. - A complete discussion of the project is included in the Appendix (A-V-3). A site for the SANDER Project has not been designated. Siting criteria for the SANDER Project includes: 1) at least 10 acres; 2) good freeway access .� V-b tia i ,MXO with minimum residential street impact; 3) zoned or have the ability to be zoned industrial; 4) sufficient waste in the service area to provide the plant design capacity and recy61ng activities; 5) utilization of modern air pollution control equipment; 6) support from the community for the proposed site; 7) a back-up landfill for residue disposal; 8) a nearby market if steam is to be sold. Wasteshed The, SANDER .Project will serve the southwest portion of the County. The wasteshed area encompasses the area south of Interstate 8, the western edges of Spring Valley, all of the communities in the Southbay and the southern- most section of the City of San Diego. In 1987, the scheduled date for commencement of SANDER operation, the avail- able,tonnage within .the,wasteshed is projected to be 1500 to 1600 tons per day (7 days a week). The SANDER facility has been sized to process approx- imately 18% of the entire County's municipal solid waste. This leaves significant tonnages available for recycling. Recycling activity in the SANDER wasteshed has been estimated by the !c•,:al recycling industry to be 307 tons per day by 1986. There is sufficient tonnage for both the waste -to - energy plant and recycling/source separation in the proposed wasteshed. If the proposed wasteshed becomes inadequate either due to a decrease in solid waste collected or an increase in recycling, the boundary can be adjusted to include additional tonnage without harm to the overall waste disposal system or to recycling activities both within and outside the waste - shed. Likewise, if more tonnage than the plant can process is available, the wasteshed can be constricted as required. Commitment of Waste The assurance of an adequate supply of solid waste is essential to the economic viability of a waste -to -energy project. If capacity -level waste is not received at the facility on a consistent basis, tipping fees and energy lr -7 V� revenues will decrease and the project may incur the P J y risk of not being able to meet bond repayment and operating costs. Therefore, legal, voluntary and practical controls regulating the commitment of solid waste to a waste -to - energy project are examined thoroughly by the bond investment community in order to ensure a projects financial strength. Assured commitments of waste are normally evidenced by (1) legal controls -- j including the Federal and State constitutions, legislation, and court rulings -- implementing the "police power" authority to regulate collection and dis- f posai of solid waste; and (2) voluntary long-term agreements -- antered into t by the different local government agencies served to deliver waste to the facility until bond repayment is accomplished. + The legal authority of the County and City of San Diego to commit waste to { SANDER is substantial. Both government agencies have extensive police powers granted by the State Constitution and the Legislature to regulate the collet- k i .4 tion and disposal of solid waste within their respective jurisdictions. ! For example, the Nejedly-Z'berg-Dill Solid Waste Management and Resource p_t Recovery Act of 1972 (Government Code Section 66700 et. seq.) delegates primary responsibility for solid waste planning and management to local governments with the County being assigned a primary role. Furthermors-, Government Code §66780.8 requires that solid waste resources necessary for a waste -to -energy project's economic feasibility be specifically committed to the project for the life of bonded indebtedness. County Code Section 68.811 permits the County to direct collected solid waste ! to that facility which best suits the interest and needs of the County. Determination of waste sources for waste -to -energy projects is subject to State Solid Waste Management Board approval. As a preliminary step, the County Board of Supervisors on February 25, 1981 approved in principle, a commitment by the County to direct the needed ton- nage of municipal solid waste within its control to the SANDER facility. WW I The Board also approved the basic wasteshed area, making one adjustment in the southeastern Chula Vista area to reflect current collection practices. i The San Diego City Council is expected to take similar action (directing -, needed tonnages within its control to the SANDER facility) as 47% of the G municipal solid waste processed by the resource recovery facility will be collected within the City of San Diego boundaries. Approximately 43% of the _I City's contribution to SANDER will be collected by municipal crews. The remainder of the waste is collected by commercial haulers, whose operations are subject to an annual permit issued 'by the City and/or County. In addition to legal controls and anticipated voluntary agreements, the County and City of San Diego have a strong practical control in that they own the only disposal sites within a reasonable hauling distance of the SANDER wasteshed. Prior to issuance, of bonds, the Board of Supervisors and San Diego City i Qounci.l will be requested to enter into formal arrangements to deliver waste to the facility over' the period of indebtedness. As an additional safeguard, other cities within the wasteshed will be requested to enter into similar agreements for long-term delivery of waste to the facility. The combination of legal, voluntary and practical controls should assure that .; the SANDER facility- operates at capacity level. Recycling The SANDER Board of Directors and the County of San Diego have supported recycling as a compatible activity with the SANDER Project and encourage increased recycling in order to reduce the need for disposal and to conserve our natural resources. Some of the current recycling activities in the SANDER wasteshed are: 1. There are 27 permanent recycling locations in the SANDER wasteshed. 2. Over 7 of these are in the million dollar plus category of business. V-9 �i 4 3. Last year in the SANDER wasteshed, over 6 million pounds of aluminum cans worth over 2.75 million dollars were recycled. This represents a 50% recycling rate. 4. Over 6,000 tons of newsprint were recycled, equal to approximately 40% of what is available in the wasteshed. 5. Significant expansion plans are being carried out which will double recycling rates for paper and bring about an 8% increase for alumi- num. Additionally, plastics and glass have been added to the materials being recycled. - To achieve the SANDER Proj ect's objective to increase recycling in the San Diego area, the SANDER Project is planning to:s; i ° Encourage Increased Private Sector Recycling &I Although there is a viable network of volunteer and commercial buy-back centers, there is room in the marketplace for more activity. An increase �# in the number of locations makes recycling more convenient and this will serve to raise the recycling rate. ° Insure That There is an Adequate Information and Referral Service In order to best serve the citizens of San Diego, it is necessary to have a recycling information clearinghouse. This information clearinghouse + should not operate any recycling centers and should be a non-profit organization that has a reputation for fairness among the recycling businesses. ° Support Public Education Regarding Waste Reduction and Product Waste ..i -There exists a need to educate the public that rather than a no -growth society, recycling's aim is to achieve a no -waste society. The SANDER Project staff will be working and coordinating this educational effort with the Ecology Centre. ° Encourage the Inclusion of San Diego Businesses in an Industrial Waste Exchange a The SANDER Project staff will explore the possibilities of a waste ex- change for the SANDER wasteshed. This waste exchange will help conserve energy and resources while reducing waste management problems and dis- posal costs. Various raw materials can be made available at an attrac- tive cost to certain firms by their exchange from a company with no further use for the material. ° Conduct a Feasibility Study of Product Development from Selected Portions of the Wastestream V-10 SM F This feasibility study will look at product development for: 1. the ash residue from the SANDER plant 2. the glass portion of municipal solid waste 3. the increasing plastics portion of municipal solid waste 4. the mixed paper portion of municipal solid waste. When these possibilities have been evaluated, SANDER staff will determine if curbside collection is the appropriate recycling method. If appropriate, staff will work with private industry to provide curbside f collection. i Recycling has become more institutionalized in the 1980's due to the increase in energy costs, the shortage of raw materials and the political instability associated with foreign derived raw materials. Indeed, to a large degree, our ability to maintain our economic well-being and to preserve a livable f; environment will be related to our ability to increase our recycling rates. roc A flexible system that provides both energy and materials from municipal tKo solid waste fits the future recycling trends. As the decade passes it will be necessary to derive the correct balance that (1) solves the City and County's solid waste disposal problem, (2) recovers all the materials that 1 are feasible to remove from municipal solid waste, and (3) converts to useful energy that fraction which cannot be recycled. { f ,.� The planning process for SANDER calls for the completion of a draft environmental impact report, issuance of a request for proposal and draft contracts for the design, construction and operation of the facility, evaluation and selection of one contractor, contract negotiations and arrangements for financing. Following a three-year construction period, the plant should begin operation i i in 1987. An important part of overall planning for SANDER is a comprehensive program to encourage and increase recycling in the SANDER service area. Through coordination of recycling and energy recovery activities, materials and energy that are presently being thrown away will be taken out of the waste stream and put to productive reuse. �' V-11 SANDER provides an alternative to filling San Diego's urban canyons with refuse. Without SANDER, open space will continue to be used as landfills, i new sites will be located far from urban areas, thus significantly increasilig hauling costs and filling up yet more of our canyons. SUMMARY i j The County of San Diego has taken an active role in promoting and furthering 4 resource recovery. During the period of this Revision (1982-85): 1. The County and City of San Diego will continue the planning and implementation of SANDER. 2. The County Board of Supervisors as the regional planning authority for solid waste management shall continue to assess the applicablity of resource recovery for other regions of the County. 3. The County and City of San Diego and other cities in the SANDER wasteshed will commit wastes in the SANDER wasteshed to the project during the period of bonded indebtedness. 4. The County and City will support increased recycling and reuse of valu- able resources in the wasteshed area of a resource recovery facility. 5. The County and City will work with state agencies to increase cooperation and support of resource recovery. V-12 IGI r CHAPTER VI THE INTERIOR ZONE FN !" The solid waste management system of San Diego County has been divided into P4 the urban and interior regions. This chapter is concerned with solid waste li management in the interior region. 0 This region occupies approximately 65 percent of the County's land area and contains only 3% of the County's population. Solid waste management in the R Interior Zone is the responsibility of the County's Department of Public Works. Services currently provided include regulation of solid waste collection firms and operation of ten rural container facilities and one sanitary landfill. i�g Figure VI-1 shows the Interior Zone and identifies the 10 rural container sites and the Borrego Sanitary Landfill contained therein. 44 COLLECTION OF SOLID WASTES Solid waste collection service is not mandatory in the interior region. i- Residents and commercial establishments may subscribe for collection service from permitted firms, or they may transport wastes to appropriate facilities themselves. E There are five firms providing collection service to the area at this time. These companies obtain permits issued by the County. This allows them to } contract with households and businesses to collect solid wastes in specified ! areas. i All of the populated service areas have residential service available to customers. Table VI-1 lists the interior region collection service areas, =a collection companies and their standard rates for residential curb service as of October 1981. These rates fluctuate periodically. The collection service areas are delineated in Figure VI-2. _, VI-1 FIGURE VI-1 THE INTERIOR ZONE i J-- W ML o x •O< VI-2 Figure VI-2 INTERIOR REGION SOLID WASTE COLLECTION SERVICE AREAS i dt -0 Table VI-1 Interior Region Collection Service Areas Collectors and Rates Monthly Service Rates Sub -Regional Area Company Rural or Backyard Alpine Ramona Palomar-J ul i an Laguna -Pine Valley Mountain 1mpi re Anza Borrego Springs All American 12.08 Country Disp 7;00 DLD 8.50 to 15.50 DLD 8.50 to 15.50 Inland Disp N/A* All American 12.08 Mountain Empire Trk. 10.00 Al 1 American 12.08 Mountain Empire Trk. 10.00 DLD N/A* DLD 9.60 Other 5.00 (Senior Citizen Rate) *County permits require that collectors provide both residential and commer- cial services; however, there are no residential accounts in this servltce area at this time. i Solid waste generated in the State, Federal and private campgrounds in the interior 'region is collected b 9 y private haulers under contract with the appropriate party. Campers, however, often take their own wastes to the nearest rural container site. The County requires that permitted haulers service each account at least once a week. The County does not regulate collection rates, however, all per- mitted contractors are required to file rate schedules and to notify the Department of Public Works if there is any rate changes. RURAL CONTAINER SYSTEM The San Diego County rural container system provides modern refuse collection stations for the interior region of the County. The system was designed in 1971 in response to legislation prohibiting the continued burning of solid wastes by public agencies. This law forced the closing of area open -burning dumps. VI-4 At this time there are ten container sites: Palomar Mountain*, Sunshine Summit*, Ranchita*, Boulevard, Campo*, Julian*,•Vallecito*, Ocotillo Fells, Barrett Junction and Descanso. The six located at former burn sites are identified with an asterisk. Current information on these sites is available from the Department. The information contained on the following pages was accurate at the time this revision was prepared. Description of Facilities While the container site represents a disposal facility to the back county resident who uses it, it is more accurately a temporary storage facility pending its transfer to a sanitary landfill for permanent disposal. Each site accommodates between five and 26 six -cubic -yard steel refuse bins along a loading dock. Some bins have hinged lids intended to control the breeding of flies and other vectors, to limit fire hazards and to protect the contents from rain. FIGURE VI-3 COUNTY RURAL CONTAINER SITE t TYPICAL LAYOUT RURAL CONTAINER STATION COUNTY OF SAN OIEGO I VI-5 r� DARRLTT JusalcV Bill SITS NNFOR.'1ATM: gn I. Ucation Meat side of Barrett Lake Road h mile north of Hwy 94 2. Day Friday thru Monday Hours 3:00 a.m. t0 S:00�- 3. Property Size 4.21 acres landfill Size 0.96 urns !!!` 4. Tons/Lay 4 Service Life v/A S. Remaining 110IMS Y/A S. Daily Vehicle Total 12 'Jeekend Yehicle Total Sac.-30 Suu.-22 S 7, ptra0nnei Fee Collector S. Equipment IS bins, 2 drag-ons 9. Owned N/A Acquisition Cost Rent - $18.75/eoncit 10. Leased 10-1-7S Expiration of Lease 9-30-a5 11. Oat* Opeed Febxu " 1976 12. ft.w.Q:C.$. permit no. s/A } 13. S.S.w.tt.a. permit tto. 37-AA-200 j 14. S.U.P. Pa. P?S-36 1i 15. Mtthane Mvitoring System sand Leachate Monitoring System v_one b Co: E1lTS: Closed Tuesday, Wednesday, Th-day. Thanksgtvtng, Christmas. New Year's. Memorial Oay, July 4th, Labor Oay t � P f� t SWLEVARO UN SITE I- .ORaAT?Cn 1. Location -Old Hwy. 30. 4_1111e vest of McCain Valley Road 2. Day -Friday ehro Monday Hours 3:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.n. 3. Property Size 4.2S acres, Landfill Size 1.14 ures 4. Tons/Day ' 2 Service Life X/A S. Remaining Volume N/A 6. Daily Vehicle Total 11 Weekend Vehicle Total Sat. -Is Sun. -Is 7. Personnel Fh Collector 1 8. Equipment 16 bias t j 9' Owned N/A Acquisition Cost Rent - 340.00/month s 10. Leased 7-15-72 Expiration of Lease 7-14-47 11. Date Opened January 1973 12. R.w.Q.C.S. Permit Ia. s/A 13. S.S.:I.M.d. Permit r}o. 37-AA_ 202 14. S.U.P. ao. _ P12-372 i IS. tlethane t'anitoring Sys -en vane Leachate'Monttnrkel Syste^+ none CC'"" :3TS: Clrsed Tuesday, Wednesday. Thursday, Thanksgsvtng. Chrtstmas. Yew Year's. �.. ?Penortal Oay, July 4th. Labor oay t ± VI-b tovssad --13-3_ i 1 CAMPO St"I SITE :I:FORNATZON 1. Location 3uckman Springs Road (Hwy. S-1) y mile northwest at Cameron Corners 2, pay Friday thru Monday Hours 3:00 a.m. to S:00 P.M. t 1 j, 3. Property Size 6.11 acres Landfill Size O.?S 4. Tans/Day 3 Service Life v/A S. Remaining Volume H/A 6. Daily Vehicle Total 12 Ueekend Vehicle Total Sac,•24 Sun. -la F 7. Personnel Pee Collector 8. Equipment 29 bins. 2 drag-ons 9, pmgd H/A acquisition Cost Rant • $120.00/month 10. Leased 4'L- Expiration of Lease 3-31=46 11. Cate opened Jaawary 1973 E 4 12. R.'i.Q.C.3. permit, no. H/A 13. S.S.J.:i.d, permit no. 31-AA=2O3 { i� 14. S.U.A. f1a. P72-369~--- i� IS. Methane ftlitoring System Yone Leachate Manitoring System vane { r CM TS: , Closed Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday. Thanksgiving, Christmas, :lew Year s, F Memorial Day, July 4th, Labor Day OESCINSO Bin SITE i:IFOAMATIOn t >j 1. Location Japecul Valley Road. lh miles south of Interstace 3 2• Day Friday thru �bnday Hours 3:00 a.m, to 5:00 2.2. 3. Property Size 207.26 acres Landfill Size 0.6 acres { a 4. Tons/Day '11 Service Life V/A S. Remaining Volume H/A 6. Daily Vehicle"Total 31 Weekend Vehicle Total Sat.-91 Sun.-45 s 7. Personnel Fie Collector *! 8. Equipment l3 bins. 2 dram-ons _ 9. Owned County of San Diego acquisition Cost S336.968.00 10. Leased 9/A Expiration of Lease Y/A 11. Date Opened September 1979 e 12. R.U.O,.C.3. Permit No. ?S-17 13. S.S.11.::.3. Permit Ra. 37-AA-001 14, S.U.P. Ito. PIS-4S 1-a. :?ethane e4nitoring System None Leachate tbnitoring System In-olace C0 "MT3: Closed Tuesday, Wednesday. Thursday, Thanksgiving, Christmas, vew Year4s. July 4ch, Memorial Day, Labor Day -3etween January 1979 and Septemoer 1979, this site .as operated as a landfill. All deposited solid waste has been ;:moved. The :oral •oncainer oaeration is an interim use, ;ending final :onatorrng of :he site and disposition of :ha :and. t VI-7 2cvaeu '•iS•42 x JULIAN 01:1 SITE MF0 tMTI0'1 1. location East -end of Pleasant View Drive 2. Oay Friday th= Hours 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 a.m. 1. ProFx'ty Size 80 acres landfill Size 1.21 Beres 4, Tons/Day ' 6 Service Life 9/A S. Remaining Volume H/A j� 1 6. Oaily Vehicle Total M/A Ueekend Vehicle Total 9/A i 4 7. Personnel Fee Collector S. Equipment 12 bins. 2 drat=o&s $ 9. owned N/A Acquisition Cost went 52.00/Youth : � 10. Leased 7-5-68 Expiration of Lease 7.4-93 1 11. Gate Opened February 1973 12. R.i.Q:C:3. Permit Mo. M/A ._ 13. S.S.14.3.8. Permit no. 37-AA.1O4 14. t S.U.P. No. P72-322 1S. Methane Monitoring System None Leachate Mnitoring Systw :;one CO*."MTS: Closed Tuesday, Kedaesday. Thursday, Thankseivint. Christmas. Mew year's, _ Memorial oar. July 4th. Labor oay f OCOTILLO :TELLS Sill SITE TMFO34ATTOM y 1. Location 3orth-side of County Airport at Ocotillo Hells i 2. Oar 7 days Hours 24 hours - f3. Property Size 0.3 acre Landfill Size 0.3 acre 4, Tons/Oay ' 0.6 i Service Life Y/A 1 i i S. Remaining Volumey/A I S. Oaily Vehicle Total N/A Ueekand Venicle Total s/A 4 7. Personnel `zone :one j i 8. Equipment 12 bins i g Owed County of San Diego Acq'iisition Cost N/A 10. Leased Airport P"FOy Expiration of Lease M/A 11. Oat! Opened January 1973 12. R.11.q.C.3. Permit No. VIA 13. S.S.Y,:i.3. Permit No. 37-JA•.OS 14. S.U.P. no. P72.326 i 15. ''ethane Mwitoring System None Leacnate Ionitoring Systrn zone .... tevtsca '•iS-32 } t PALMUR .4MWAIN &IN SITE II:F0?4ATT0t1 ^ 1. Location On East Grade :fay (S-71 near Birch Hill _ 2. Day 7 days Hours _ 24 hours 3. Property Size 3.0 acres Landfill Size o.S acres 4. Tons/Day 1.1 Service Life N/A S. Remaining Volume N/A 6. Daily Vehicle Total N/A Weekend Vehicle -Total N/A 7 7. Personnel None i 8. Equipment 12 bias _ 7 9. Owned U. S. Forest Service Acquisition Cost N/A 10. Leasmd 3•23-12 Esoiration of Least! 6-IS-92 tl. Data Opened January 1973 1 12. R.H:i7.C.3. Permit No. YM 13. S.S.W.3.3. Permit Ito. 37-AA-2 6 ' 14. S.U.P. Co. P72-172 15. (ethane ftnitoring System None Leachate tanitoring System None i J RAtiCFi1TA 3I11 SITE (NF0Rt4ATT0t1 Location At Ranehita on north side of 4cntexi.aa Valley Road (S-3) 2. Day 7 days Hours 24 hours --w 3. Property Size 1.3 acres Landfill Size a.sa sere 4. Tons/Day ' 1 Service Life N/A S. Remaining Volume N/A 6. Daily Vehicle Total N/A Weekend Vehicle Total N/A w 7. Personnel Kane B. Equipment 12 bins 9. Owned N/A Acquisition Cost Rmm $IS/month 10. leased 7.13-7= Exoiracion of Lease 7-ta-d7 11. Data Opened January 1973 ..+ 12. R.SI.Q.C.3. Permit Ila. N/A 13. S.S.:l.li.d. Permit no. 37-AA-207 14. S.U.P. No. M-371 -.-j 1S. Methane Nanitorin S None g stem y Leschate tanitoMnq S/arm None ;a::seo VI-9 SUNSHINE SMNIT 3W SITE 111MR±!ATtat: 1. location Southwest $ids of Hwy. 79. th nil* south of Sunshine Summit _4 2. Day T days Hours 24 Hours t 3. Property Size 1S.4 acres landfill Size 0.7S 4, Tons/Day 2 Service life N/A S. Remaining Volumes N/A 6. Daily Vehicle Total N/A Weekend Vehicle total NN/A 4 7. Personnel Nose S. Equioment 16 bins 9, wed N/A Acquisition Cost Rent - S125,00/month_ . 10. leased 11/24/70 Expiration of lease 11-30-8S ..-. 11. gate Opened January 1973 12. R.U.q.C.3. Permit :to. N/A 13. S.S.U..'1.3. Permit Na. 37-AA-208 14. S.U.P. no, P72-369 IS. Methane txnitoring System None leachate Vanitoring System von• VALUCITO r 311". ST.e I':FCR,1ATTO:1 1, i S-2. 4 ailes northwest of Atua Caliente Hot Springs Location On HMV•, ;:. , Day T days Hours 24 hours �- 1. Property Size 1.4 acres landfill Size 0.42 acre i 4, Tons/gay 0.6 Service life N/A S. Remaining Volume N/A ; 6, Daily Vehicle Total N/A "Jeekend Vehicle Total N/A 7. Personnel None 3, Equipment 12 bins 4 9• Owed N/A Acquisition Cost N/A 10. leased 4-1S-T7 Expiration of lease 12-31-0 11. Date Opened January i973 r .2. R.:i.0:C:3. Permit ,a: N/A 11, S,S.H.ti.3• Permit No. 37-AA-209 .. 1lo. 712-323 IS. Methane Monitoring System None l.eachate :bnitoring System vgaq + '-1 VI-10 ieraea "•:S•32 ' ..r The five larger volume stations have large b' " 9 g ins known as drag-ons for bulky waste. Smaller stations (Vallecito, Ocotillo Wells, Palomar Mountain, Sunshine Summit and Ranchita) have fenced areas where bulky items are dumped on the ground. All rural container sites are fenced to contain any blowing litter.. A t� drawing depicting the typical arrangement of a County rural container site appears in Figure VI-3. (A Initially, all rural container sites were open 24 hours a day, seven days a ( week, for the user's convenience. It was deemed uneconomical to restrict hours and maintain a fee collector for the low volumes of waste deposited. Signs were posted to instruct the public in the use of the site. The container sites at Palomar Mountain, Sunshine Summit, Ranchita, Vallecitos and Ocotillo Wells are still open, unattended, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Cost to the County to provide this service escalated, from $300,000 (1976) to almost $1 million (1981). In April 1981 the Board of Supervisors directed that fee collection be initiated at two of the higher volume sites (Julian, Descanso). In July 1981 fee collection was expanded by the Board of Super- visors to a total of five sites. The County has contracted with private collection firms for transport of wastes deposited at the rural container sites. Frequency of collection varies depending on the needs of the site, contract arrangements and seasonal demands. Table VI-2 contains collection frequency schedules for each site and indi- cates the landfill used for disposal. VI-11 Table VI-2 Rural Container Collection and Disposal Information Container Collection Frequency*2 Contracted Landfill(s) Site (times ter week) Transporter Used Boulevard*1 2 All American Sycamore Campo* 2 All American Sycamore Ocotillo Wells 1 OLD Inc. Borrego Springs Vallecito 1 OLD Inc. Borrego Springs Julian*1 3 OLD Inc. Ramona Ranchita 2 OLD Inc. Borrego Springs Sunshine Summit 2 OLD Inc. Ram;,:.d Palomar Mountain 2 DLD Inc. Ramona Barrett Junction*1 2 All American Sycamore/Otay D�scanso* 4 All American Sycamore *1Open Friday -Monday 8am to 5pm *2May vary subject to seasonal demands. Extent of Use Fiscal year 1973-74 tonnage records indicated that 7,552 tons of waste were deposited in the Interior zone container sites. By fiscal year 1980-81 this amount had risen to 15,587 tons (see Table VI-3). In April 1981 fee collec- tion was started at two of u',e container sites. By July 1981 five sites had fee collectors. An analysis of site use since the introduction of fee col- lectors has shown that tonnages are declining. Projected tonnage for FY 81- 82 was 8,888 tons. Note that the Descanso facility, originally a sanitary landfill, became a container site in FY 79-80. Table VI-3 Interior zone Container System Annual Tonnages (FY 1973-1982) Projected Site 73-74 74-75 75-76 76-77 77-78 78-79 79-80 80-81 81-82 Ranc a ' = '"Ib5- 222 734' � -�3ii— 624b' -"7 Vallecito 99 104 113 154 183 176 227 238 258 Boulevard 1171 1108 1812 1873 1652 1290 1157 1388 530 Campo 2004 1790 2635 2925 2857 2441 2391 2762 734 Julian 2832 1852 2477 2879 2794 3246 3414 3283 1594 Palomar Mtn. 467 387 527 507 606 474 756 579 542 Sunshine Summit 716 676 960 937 862 751 694 901 786 Ocotillo 112 119 151 148 199 240 230 239 236 Barrett Junction -- -- 233 718 914 1340 1645 2647 1028 Descanso -- -- -- -- -- -- 4800 3304 2786 Total 7552 6201 9130 10,375 10,371 10.288 !;,570 15,587 8,888 VI-12 "' The rural container sites were intended for use only by local residents and r, tourists. i These sites were unattended and available to users 24 hours a day. Deposited i -- wastes were collected under private contract for transport to designated County landfills. i . Reported tonnages showed a dramatic and continual increase. In FY 74-75, 6201 tons were handled; by FY 79-80 that number had increased 151%, to 15,570 tons. 1-i wd In FY 80-81, the Department changed the method of contract monitoring. This resulted in FY 80-81 reported tonnages leveling off. With the imposition of fee collection and limited hours of availability at five of the highest volume sites, tonnages droped dramatically. While incidence of increased Interior Zone illegal dumping has occurred, the two major reasons for the tonnage reduction at the rural container sites are: 1. Interior Zone residents contracting with private haulers. 2. Diversion of commercial, industrial and demolition loads to landfills. Costs j In FY 1980-81, $878,868 was spent on interior region container system con- ! M+ tracts. Based on the overall tonnage of 15,587, the average cost per ton was $56.38. Costs per ton for each sector are shown in Table VI-4. As mentioned in the previous section, since the addition of fee collectors at five of the ten container sites, a marked reduction in tonnage has been '~ observed. If current trends continue, staff projects a 43% reduction in waste tonnage during the 1981-82 fiscal year. Likewise, operation costs are also projected to decline. VI-13 i Table VI-4 Contract Cost Data for Rural Container Sites (Actual FY 1980-81, Projected 1981-82) FY 80-81 Projected Proj ected FY 80-81 Annual FY 81-82 FY 81-82 Site Tons Costs Cost/Ton Tons Ann. Costs Descanso i Barrett Junc. 2,647 $594,871 $58.89 1,028 $251,500 } Campo 2,762 734 Boulevard 1,388 530 I Ocotillo Wls. 239 $ 41,487 $86.98 236 $ 46,500 Vallecito 238 258 Julian 3,283 $164,526 $50.11 1,594 $ 60,700 Ranchita 246 394 Sunshine Summit 901 S 77,984 $45.18 786 $ 70,350 Palomar Mtn. 579 542 Totals 15,587 $878,868 8,888 $429,050 DISPOSAL OF INTERIOR ZONE WASTES Most wastes from the interior region are transported for larndfilling. Illegal burning and dumping also occur but existing enforcement activities appear to be adequate. The observance of smoke at an unauthorized location alerts enforcement personnel from the State Forestry Service, the Air r Pollution Control District (APCD) and fire districts. The APCD also has seven enforcement personnel in the field on a continuous basis to watch for violations. The Department of Public Works provides compliance officers who investigate reported illegal dumping to determine responsible parties and to ensure clean-up. i Burning a Most of the Interior Zone is located in the Eastern Air Pollution Control District where burning of refuse is permitted. In this district, yearly ( permits may be issued to residents of single family residences and duplexes, allowing them to burn their yard clippings and other refuse, except during periods of extreme fire hazard. VI-14 r-- Permit issuance and enforcement is a function shared among the State Forestry Service, the.APCD and local fire districts. The amount of air pollution caused by this procedure is considered to be less harmful than the fire damage that could be sustained if the rural land was not cleared of weeds. Ashes -from open burning are buried or transported to a transfer bin site or a sanitary landfill. Landfills All wastes collected by contract -haulers in the interior region are disposed _j of at County sanitary landfills. There currently is one sanitary landfill _i located in the interior region of the County. The Borrego site is open five f days a week, Tuesday through Saturday, 7:00 a.m. to 2:00 p.m. Where more efficient other wastes r i are transported to the Sycamore or Otay Landfills. I RESOURCE RECOVERY IN THE INTERIOR ZONE ' t Because of the low volume of solid waste generated over a large geographical area, the Interior Zone offers limited resource recovery potential. i In 1981 the Board of Supervisors approved submittal of two grant applications to provide partial funding for an incineration project on the site of the completed Viejas Landfill and a mobile composting unit. Neither received state funding. Recycling Opportunities Collection bins have been placed at the attended rural container sites. Specifically, bins are located at the Barrett Junction, Boulevard, Campo, VI-15 Descanso and Julian sites. The bins accept newspaper, aluminum cans and discarded clothing and other household items. Non-profit organizations service the bins. Energy Recovery There are currently no small modular incinerator units processing municipal sol"id waste in Southern California. The Interior Zone waste stream, which is 60 tons a day, and available "market", the adjacent Descanso Detention �- Facility, made the Viejas project an excellent opportunity to demonstrate small scale incineration in a Southern California air basin. As energy costs for tMe adjacent Descanso Detention Facility increase, the Project becomes more and more attractive. A Request for Proposals from the private sector will be solicited during FY 82-83. j Composting Several public agencies and private individuals have expressed an interest in a�1 establishing a composting program at the Julian, Descanso and Campo rural �. j container sites. El Seasonally, these sites receive large quantities of brush and yard clippings. Although fee collection has decreased these quantities, there appears to be sufficient interest to make a composting project feasible. To determine its feasibility, the Department of Public Works has arranged for a limited trial at the Julian, Descanso and Campo sites. This trial will take place from mid -September through mid -November 1982. After meeting with representatives from Fire Services and the community, Public Works staff determined that the targeted trial period would coincide with the commencement of maximum accumulation of brush and and clippings. " y t VI-16 iM t The County will pursue grant funding for establishment of a composting program at the higher volume Interior Zone sites. Both of these projects remain viable alternatives to the current system of waste transportation in the Interior Zone. FINANCING THE INTERIOR ZONE The initial Solid Waste Management Plan projected the need to establish a mechanism to enable area residents to pay their fair share of the costs of providing Interior Zone solid waste services. One available mechanism was -� the land use fee allowed under Section 25210,77e and 25830 of the Government Code. Land use fees may be levied by counties and county service areas, specifical- ly to by used for: f Acquisition, operation, disposal sites, and for and maintenance financing waste of County waste cessing, reclamation and services collection, pro- disposal services, where such are provided. the Board of Supervisors In establishing shell.classify the schedule of fees land corporated area based upon various uses put, the volume within the unin-' to which the land is t of waste and other factors. oc,.urring from different land uses, While relatively inexpensive when it was inititated in 1973, costs for trans- port of solid waste from the Interior Zone have escalated. This was due in part to the closure of the Descanso Landfill in 1979, the increasing volumes being transported and the inflationary costs of that transportation. Initia- tion of fee collection at five sites has reduced volume by approximately 430, M As stated previously, this volume reduction is thought to have, resulted from the diversion of illegally deposited wastes to the landfills. v The Department of Public Works initiated a series of studies regarding waste generation and rural container site usage in the region. As a result, a VI-17 benefit fee area and land uses within that area were identified. The Depart- ' ment proposed the establishment of an Interior Zone region and a land use benefit fee to recover the costs of service in that area. In the Spring of 1981 the Board of Supervisors directed that by FY 1983-84 80% of the costs of the Interior Zone system be recovered by revenue generated within that region. The remaining 20% of the costs were to remain a General Fund expense. In order to implement Board direction, an Interior Zone Advisory Committee (IZAC) was formed. The Interior Zone Advisory Committee worked with the Department of Public Works on implementing the Board of Supervisors' direc- Y tions, which included direction to seek a landfill site in the Interior Zone f to decrease the amount of transportation r„cessary. ' ' In April 1982 the Board of Supervisors again considered the issue of i c financing the Interior Zone services. Costs of the Interior Zone service had decreased by approximately 50% in FY 81-82 partly as a result of the & initiation of fee collection. 3 The Board directed that fee collection -remain in-effec-t-at the five higher 9 ( r9 volume sites and further directed that funding of Interior Zone costs be { continued as part of the Solid Waste Enterprise Fund. I a SUMMARY F Fee collection at the five higher volume sites has resulted in a dramatic drop in volume. Some of the volume is being handled by individuals on their own property, either by recycling or on -site burning; some of the volume has been redirected to County landfills, i.e., industrial and commercial wastes which were improperly being deposited at the unattended Interior Zone sites; some increased illegal dumping in the region has been noted. During the period of this Revision (1982-85), the following actions will be implemented: VI-18 d I. i c .. T 1. The Department of Public Works will identify a solid waste facility in i` the Interior Zone. 2. The Department of Public Works will continue to monitor volumes at existing rural container sites and propose any necessary changes. tw i� 3. The Department of Public Works will, in conjunction with interested com- munity representatives, pursue recycling and resource recovery opportuni- ties in the Interior Zone. r-� E� r i ti � E i..r ! _y R l I f f t VI-19 C r CHAPTER VII SPECIAL WASTES } f, Special wastes are miscellaneous categories which require special collection, handling, or disposal. These include abandoned automobiles, agricultural wastes, bulky articles, dead animals, sewage sludge, and tires. Many of them lend themselves to reuse, however, not to the same extent as t those wastes discussed in Chapter IV. This chapter identifies the current 4 iA volume and disposal method for these wastes. t .- I OBSOLETE AUTOMOBILES Obsolete automobiles can contribute significantly to degradation of the environment unless properly managed. Most vehicles eventually are disposed of as scrap metal. However, a significant number of them are abandoned. Owners either don't realize that other means of disposal are available or are + unwilling to incur the costs of delivering the hulks to dismantlers. i Abandoning motor vehicles on public roads is a misdemeanor. Nonetheless, automobiles continue to be abandoned on public thoroughfares and in vacant -, lots. Because of diminishing funds and increasingly higher costs of removal, M abandoned vehicle abatement programs are not a high priority. The City of San Diego adopted an ordinance implementing an Abandoned Vehicle Abatement program in'September 1980. During 1981, 496 vehicles were abated y as a result of this program. In 86% of the cases, the owners voluntarily removed the vehicles. The remaining vehicles were towed away by dismantlers at no cost to the City. The average size American made automobile yields approximately one to one and a half tons of marketable scrap. Obsolete automobiles in San Diego County have provided a major source of scrap ferrous for the steel industry both locally and overseas. When steel prices are high, there is greater incentive to sell to scrap processors. VII-1 0 AGRICULTURE WASTES Agriculture wastes in San Diego County consist mostly of crop residues, animal manures and stable bedding material. It is estimated that 338,800 tons of such wastes were produced in San Diego County in 1978. 'While this represents a significant volume of the total annual solid waste generated, only a small amount of it actually enters the municipal waste stream. Most � of it is burned on site, retrenched to the soil, converted into compost or ? fertilizer, or.piled on or near the point of origin.a Estimated quantities of the principal categories of agriculture wastes produced in the County are shown in Table VII-1 below. i TABLE VII-1 AGRICULTURE SOLID WASTES PRODUCED IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY DURING 1978 y � SOURCE TONS (DRY) Crop Residues 115,800 Poultry 66,700 Range Cattle 40,000 Horses & Stable Waste 68,300 Dairy Herds 48,000 TOTAL 338,800 I Crop Residues Prevailing agricultural practices keep most of the agricultural wastes away from the solid waste stream. Grain acreage waste is usually marketed as feed. Straw is left in the field unless prices for livestock bedding justify baling and hauling. Weather conditions permit the soil to absorb the crop F residue with a light disc -harrowing. On rare occasions, and only in limited areas, the straw and stubble are burned off. Fruit and nut tree prunings are generally burned on site. While the techno- logy exists for making wood chips and/or for converting the waste into VII-2 energy, it remains uneconomic. The State Department of Forestry is currently experimenting with a program to convert its waste material into burnable wood chips. Vegetable residues remaining after harvest are plowed back into the soil. Poultry Wastes There are 92 poultry ranches in the County. An estimated 66,700 dry weight tons of chicken manure are produced annually from this source. Escalating costs of commercial fertilizer have increased the demand for natural fertilizers and thus virtually eliminated poultry wastes from reaching the solid waste stream in the San Diego region. The Prohoroff Farms in San Marcos and Woodward Sand and Gravel Company of Lakeside are the two principal processors of poultry organics in the County. Woodward Sand is currently leasing a 22 acre site at the County's Sycamore Landfill. Poultry wastes are collect-ed from ,nearby ranches and composted with other organics such as wood shavings, dairy wastes and paper to produce marketable soil additives. Range Cattle Wastes Open range beef cattle in San Diego County number about 40,000 and produce about 40,000 tons of dry waste each year. This poses no disposal problem since these wastes are spread over a large expanse of open pasture land and are naturally recycled back into the soil. Norse & Stable Wastes + The domestic horse population continues to increase in the County. Estimates currently range from 35,000 to 37,000, producing an estimated 63,000 tons of manure. This does not include stable bedding. Little is known about domestic horse wastes since they are usually disposed of on -site or utilized -� to some extent by the region's mushroom growing industry. VII-3 t An additional 1800 racing and show horses are brought into the County each year for the race track and the'San Diego County Exposition. During their eight week stay, they generate an estimated 5,300 tons of stable waste and bedding. A majority of this waste is currently being disposed of at sanitary landfills. Approximately 10% of this waste is utilized by mushroom growers in Orange County. According to the County Department of Health Services composting of horse and a stable wastes is limited due to the problems of fly vector nuisances that result when this material is composted without stringent requirements. iw Horse manure contains large quantities of fly larvae and maggots. Because the straw bedding material mixed with manure does not decompose rapidly, composting is slow and the potential for emergence of adult flies is great. Prompt landfilling of this material reduces the potential for fly nuisance generation. 3A ' The 22nd Agricultural District has commissioned a study to evaluate alternatives to sanitary landfill of this waste. { Dairy Herd Wastes The 34 dairy herds in San Diego County are producing an annual 48,000 tons of dry manure. Because of the high cost of commercial fertilizers a strong market, exists for this product in the community. Therefore, none of these i wastes currently require disposal at a landfill. Because of the high nitrate content, dairy herd bedding materials, along with the manures, are being composted. Commercial composting operations blend chicken manure and dairy manures into special blends for use by local fruit and flower growing industries. ; Projections ; The horse population is increasing substantially in spite of rising feed + costs. There teas a 20% increase between 1973 and 1978. The acreage under VII-4 cultivation has increased from 56.300 acres to 85,200 acres. While crop residues and horse manures are expected to increase slightly during the ' coming years, poultry organics would appear as remaining constant and dairy wastes may decrease somewhat. An update of these projections to the year tt 2000 utilizing current data is shown in Table VII-2. F" TABLE VII-2 AGRICULTURAL SOLID WASTE VOLUMES IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY PROJECTED TO YEAR 2000 SOURCE 1980 TONS 1985 1990 1995 2000 - CROP RESIDUES POULTRY 66,700 66,700 66,700 66,700 66,700 RANGE CATTLE 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 40,000 HORSES 63,000 66,150 69,350 72,800 76,450 DAIRY HERDS 47,045 44,693 42,458 40,335 38,378 STABLE WASTE 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 5,300 W11 The Department of Public 'Works will continue to monitor developments in the technology of utilizing animal wastes to produce methane or bio-gas, and conversion of the waste slurry to a high-grade fertilizer. BULKY WASTES The estimated useful life of white goods before discard varies from eight years for a clothes washer to 20 years for a cooking range or a refrigerator, as shown in Table VII-3. TABLE VII-3 -� SERVICE LIFE EXPECTANCY IN YEARS, OF HOUSEHOLD APPLIANCES Ap Hance Primary useful i e Estimated age atdiscard Room air conditioners 15 10 Dehumidifiers 20 -� Disposers 10 Kitchen ranges 15 20 Freezers 20 Refrigerators 12 20 Dishwashers 10 Washers 5 8 Dryers 15 1 Water heaters 10 Source: Handbook of Environmental Control, Volume 11 Richard G. Bond and Conrad P. Straut VII-5 Many of these items are "traded -in" on new appliances or given to charitable institutions where they are repaired. Those not repairable are sold as scrap to the numerous scrap dealers in the area or find their way into the waste stream. Bulky wastes consume a disproportionate volume of landfill space and pose a potenl.,ial hazard to landfill equipment operators. They generally require special handling by both the collector and the disposal operator. According to national statistics compiled under a contract with the Environ- mental Protection Agency (EPA), bulky wastes comprise 2% of the net tonnage of disposed solid waste. Neither the County nor the City of San Diego main- tain records of quantities of these wastes being received at the region's landfills. However, estimates of bulky wastes handled at these landfills is approximately 1%. Many waste haulers schedule special collection periods for bulky waste. These are often in conjunction with annual clean-up drives. Such drives range from "no fee" and "no limit" collection to a charge for each item picked up. Bulk items are also collected by the City of San Diego during special weekend community clean-up drives. DEAD ANIMALS In urbanized areas of the County, dead animals could pose a serious health threat unless disposed of promptly and properly. Local governmental agencies have assumed responsibility for the removal and disposal of dead animals from public property within their respective Jurisdictions. Veterinarian establishments, humane societies, animal shelters and individual pet owners generally arrange for their disposal 1 needs. 1 i Estimates provided by local animal shelters and humane societies indicated that some 112,000 small animals required disposal during 1979. About 20,000 VII-6 pi F r a were removed from the road system and 92,000 were destroyed at humane societies, impoundments and animal shelters. Not included is an undetermined number of animals requiring disposal as a result of experimental laboratory wor'? at medical and research institutions. An additional number of animal carcasses are disposed of on -site as permitted in the rural areas of the County. With few exceptions, animal carcasses are collected by a private firm for -» shipment to a Los Angeles area processing facility. M The City of San Diego provides a dead animal collection service to private citizens on a request basis. Approximately 5700 animals were picked up in 1980 and disposed of at the City's Miramar Landfill. i' The removal and disposal of animal carcasses in San Diego County can become a serious health problem if not properly managed. SEWAGE SLUDGE RESIDUES Regional wastewater treatment plants produce an estimated 56 dry weight tons per day of sewage sludge residues. Sludge production is dependent upon the volume of sewage flow, characteris- tics of the sewage, degree of treatment and efficiency of the treatment plant. Primary treatment removes about 60% of the suspended solids from the raw sewage. Secondary treatment reduces suspended solid concentrations by 90%. On the basis of given data, Table VII-4 shows characterizations and approximations of sludge production in the San Diego region projected to the year 2000. VII TABLE VII-4 SEWAGE SLUDGE PRODUCTION APPROXIMATIONS . FOR SAN DIEGO COUNTY PROJECTED TO YEAR 2000 Year Population Primary Treatment California Ocean Secondary Treatment (Tons)* Plan (Tons) (Tons)** 1981 1,903,200 18,000 28,564 31,281 1985 2,068,000 22,660 31,724 33,990 1990 2,261,000 24,774 34,83 37,162 1995 2,454,000 26,890 37,6 , 2000 2,625,000 28,763 40,268 43,145 *0.06 pounds/capita/day **O.O pounds/capita/day Current Disposal Practices rN, r The San Diego Metropolitan Wastewater Treatment Facility (METRO), operated by the City of San Diego, is the region's largest producer of sludge residues. About 24,000 cubic yards of sludge residue at 25 percent moisture content, are generated annually by the Metro facility. .1 Sludge from the Metro system is presently anaerobically digested and pumped { k via an underground pipeline to Fiesta Island in Mission Bay. At that point, it is dewatered and dried. Approximately 1010 of this waste is blended with other organics such as composted park trimmings to create a soil amendment for park land development. This sludge reclamation program is considered viable both from the standpoint of waste disposal and creating a soil amendment for plant life support. The City of Oceanside disposes of its sludge residues at sanitary landfills. The Encina, Escondido, San Elijo and other smaller County wastewater treat- ment plants have a "give-away" program which diverts approximately 10% of their total generated sludge from the landfills. The remaining 90% of the sludge is presently landfilled. Sludge residues produced by the Camp Pendleton wastewater treatment facilities are distributed over landscaped areas. VII-8 In order to develop sludge disposal alternatives for the North County area, €A management of the Encina, Escondido, and Oceanside sewage treatment facili- ties directed the formation of a task force to develop a plan for management of sewage sludge. The task force was directed to investigate sludge disposal alternatives. The study is scheduled to commence in late 1982. The need for a comprehensive sludge management program is apparent. The 1� current practice of disposing of wastewater plant residues at a sanitary ` landfill should be considered only as an interim solution. USED TIRES r� Burial of tires at a sanitary landfill is troublesome and unsatisfactory. Whole tires compacted in bulk spring back to their former shape and tend to work up while the fill is settling. If not mixed with other refuse, tires create spongy spots in the landfill. They are resistant to natural decomposition, making them a permanent and ever increasing solid waste problem. Currently there is no comprehensive used tire management program in # '44 San Diego County. tA The 1.15 million automobiles and trucks registered in San Diego County in 1978 generated approximately 2.3 million worn-out tires. Table VII-5 shows the number of worn-out tires requiring disposal projected to the year 2000. These numbers were predicated on vehicular registrations and presently anticipated tread life. Neither the County of San Diego nor the City of San Diego monitor quantities of used tires entering the 'landfills. It has been estimated that the 1% net tonnage figure compiled by EPA is a reasonable projection of used tires requiring disposal at sanitary landfills. Reuse There is a thriving used tire reutilization industry in the nearby border city of Tijuana, Mexico. A principal source of supply for this industry is VII-9 MM tire discards from San Diego County. Typical items manufactured from tire carcasses are doormats, belt pieces, footwear, pier guides and loading dock bumpers. Tires with remaining serviceable tread are remounted for continued i use or retreaded for consumption by the local market. The automotive and truck tire retreading industry in the County also delays a significant number of used tires from early disposal. While the number of �- ' passenger car retreads has been constant in recent years, the number of truck ? tires recapped has been growing steadily. TABLE VII-5 TIRES DISCARDED IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY PROJECTED TO YEAR-2000 REGISTERED ESTIMATED YEAR AUTOMOBILES & TRUCKS TIRES DISCARDED* _ 157 1,166,550 2,333,100 t. 1979 1980 1,189,980 2,379,960 E 1985 1,341,384 2,682,768 1990 1,491,336 2,982,672 1995 1,623,600 3,247,200 2000 1,751,640 3,503,280 i *Discard factor of 2 tires/vehicle/year assumed. M, i An EPA study showed that on the national level retreads make up 22 percent of �- replacement sales,in the passenger car tire market and 37.5 percent in the truck and bus tire market: `These figures compare with the estimated 500,000 tires of various sizes annually retreaded by local tire retreaders. f R Expanding retreading is the most obvious and economically attractive form of tire recycling. However, energy can be recovered from tires by shredding them for use as a supplemental fuel in conventional coal-fired installations. As of this date, there are no facilities located in southern California capable of burning old tires. t The chemical constituents of tires can be removed and recycled into synthetic t rubber by destructive distillation, pyrolysis, carbonization or hydrogen- ' ization. These processes are not now economically competitive with x i VII-10 traditional synthetic rubber production but surging costs of fossil fuel may soon make them economically viable. Low concentrations of rubber have been used in asphalt pavements with no negative effect. Rubberized pavements have shown less tendency to shove, crack or ravel. Intact tires may be used as crash barriers around obstructions gear highway transitional traffic lanes, as bumpers for docks and towing vessels and as retaining walls for soil erosion control. When properly ballasted and chained in groups, scrap tires can be used to create artificial underwater reefs attractive to marine life. Stockpiling old tires against the time when commercially extractable amounts of petroleum are in short supply and recycling technology is developed is also a viable alternative. The possibility exists for recovering carbon black, sulfur, and energy from tires worn beyond the capability of recycling by other means. If landfilling remains the more viable alternative, then tire shredding as a means of volume reduction should be considered. SUMMARY Several categories of special wastes pose problems in landfills. These include abandoned vehicles, bulky items such as major appliances, and tires. Other special wastes, i.e., dead animals and sewage sludge, are potential health hazards unless disposed of with care. Recycling and resource recovery alternatives for each of these categories must be pursued. The Department of Public Works will: 1. Explore establishment of a tire recycling program. 2. Support legislation to encourage vehicle recycling through establishment of a refundable registration fee when a vehicle is deposited at a dismantlers. 3. Pursue alternative disposal of sludges. VII-11 r� CHAPTER VIII r HAZARDOUS AND POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS WASTES PA �, This chapter has been revised and is submitted in accordance with Government e�A * Code Section 66780.7. Additional research and planning is now being carried out by the Hazardous Waste Management Project, and a comprehensive plan,for k hazardous waste management in the county will be submitted as an amendment to t-v this Plan early in 1983. In the interim, this chapter is the hazardous waste element of the Revised Solid Waste Management Plan. When the County Hazardous Waste Management Plan is completed it will be submitted to the Board of Supervisors and the sixteen cities for review and approval. On January 12, 1982 the Board of Supervisors created the Hazardous Waste Management Project within the Chief Administrative Office. This project, t„dr which is expected to have a duration of approximately one year, has been directed to accomplish the following: s ,J 1) Identify and resolve uncertainties regarding areas of responsibility of the various levels of government in the management of hazardous wastes. 2) Oevelop a hazardous waste management plan which provides for the safe handling and disposal of all hazardous wastes within the county and which i includes the following elements: ~` a) A program for informing small businesses and the general public of the proper means of disposal of hazardous substances. --� b) A procedure for issuing permits for hazardous waste handling and disposal. c) A program for implementing those actions recommended in the plan. d) Recommendations for financing the hazardous waste management program of the County. 3) Evaluate the capability of local agencies to respond to an emergency -- involving accidental releases or illegal disposal of hazardous waste. 4 -VIII-1 On May 25, 1982 the Board of Supervisors adopted a hazardous materials disclosure ordinance requiring any person using or handling a hazardous material to make disclosure to the County Department of Health Services. Health Services will in turn make the information available to emergency response personnel, health care providers, planners, and the general public. A second ordinance, adopted on June -15, 1982', establishes a permit system, and with the fees generated, creates an enforcement and surveillance program for the generators of hazardous wastes. The program, which empowers the j local health officer to enforce provisions of Chapter 6.5, Division 20, of the Cal-ifornia Health & Safety Code, will provide for inspection of, facil-ities-'handling hazardous waste and for limited medical assessments when �v haiardous material incidents occur. i the waste materials described in thi's chapter require special storage, col- lection, handling and disposal. They could be perilous to public health and; E the environment. 'Their successful management requires special regulation, surveillance, and enforcement. -i LEGAL BASIS FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT r The California Health and Safety qode defines hazardous wastes as: f 'A waste, or combination of wastes, which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical, or infectious characteristics may either: -3 (a) Cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating irrevers- ible, illness.' (b) Pose a substantial present or potential hazard to human health or the environment when improperly treated, stored, transported, or disposed of, or otherwise managed. ' Federal and State laws exert a significant impact on the management of haz- .J ardour wastes. Table VIII-1 lists the numerous agencies within San Diego County involved in this management function. It is within this broad frame- VIII-2 , s TABLE VIII-1 i SUMMARY OF FEDERAL, STATE AND COUNTY AGENCIES' RESPONSIBILITIES IN MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTE SYSTEMS !N SAN DIEGO COUNTY Agency Administrative and Regulatory Enabling t Responsibilities Legislation r� Health and Determine those materials and Occupational Safety and Social concentrations of materials Health Act of 1970, Services which are deemed to be Section 20 (6), Public toxic. Law 91-596 (OSHA) Environ- Promote programs; assist Solid Waste Disposal mental local government in develop- Act of 1965 (Public Law t Protection ment of -improved solid waste 89-272) as amended by Agency management programs, national the Resource Conserva- (EPA) standards for collection, re- ti`on and Recovery Act covery and disposal of wastes; of 1976 (Public Law 94- policy and legislative direc- 580) (RCRA) tives emphasizing state and F local government responsibility t ' for funding and implementing solid waste management programs. ` California Promote, programs; assist local California Health and Department government in deve •pment of Safety Code Chapter 6.5 of Health improved hazardous waste manage- and Title 22 s Services ment programs; conduct studies of-- '-°° (SDOHS) such elements related to hazardous waste, and protection of air and water quality; evaluation of dis- posal procedures for waste waters and sewage sludges; enforce pro- ` -, visions relating to hazardous sub- stances, health care institutions , and radioactive contamination. California Responsible for control of Porter -Cologne Water Regional Water water quality, including Quality Control Act of Quality Con- ground water; control poli- 1969, Title 23, Sub- trol Board and cies and prescribe require- chapter 15, Division 7 State Water ments for protection of water and 7.5 Resources Con- quality from discharge. } trol Board - California Develop air quality standards Mulford -Carrell Air Air Resources for air basins in California. Resources Act of 1967, Board Health & Safety Code, Div. 26, Part I VIII-3 TABLE VIII - 1 (CONTINUED) Agency Administrative and Regulatory Responsibilities Enabling Legislation California Enforce provisions of General Title 8 of the Adminis- Department of Industry Safety Orders --for — trative Code, Sub - Industrial ti-he protection or employees chapter 4, Article 4 Relations, working at industrial/ Division of hazardous waste disposal Industrial facilities. Safety California Responsible for setting regu- California Agriculture Department of lations on the handling of Code, Section 12991 Agriculture agricultural chemicals and empty containers. California Enforce regulations for California Vehicle Code, Highway 'transportation of hazardous Section 2450, et. seq. Patrol materials; applicable to industrial wastes and used pesticide containers in the cases of leakage, accidents, and spillage. San Diego Responsible for protection of California Health and County public health at the local Safety Code and Title Department level; review disposal 22 of the Administrative of Health facility plans at land use Code by delegation. Services permit stage; surveillance of generators, transporters, and storers of hazardous sub- stances and the proper disposal of their wastes through a grant provided by SDOHS. County Agri- Responsible for issuing per- California Administra- cultural mits for the sale and use of tive Code, Title 3, Commissioners selected pesticides; users Group 3, Article 10, must agree to store and dis- "Storage, Transportation pose of empty containers in a & Disposal" manner set forth by the Com- missioner and in conformance with regulations established by State agencies. San Diego Enforce regulations con- Board of Supervisors' County Air trolling the emission of Resolution - June 7, Pollution certain air pollutants 1975 Control emitted in the disposal of District hazardous wastes. VIII-4 work a'. laws s and regulations that San Diego County's plans for the handling Of sur;l w4 ste must be developed. A discussion of the state agencies involved in hazardous waste management and their specific responsibilities, sponsibilities, policies and plans is contained in the Appendix (A-VIII-I). Countra y of San.Diego The Department of Health Services (DHS) has been designated by the Chief Administrative Officer as the lead responsible department in the overall area of hazardous wastes. ( DHS is charged with the following responsibilities: f4 Educate and advise on the proper disposal, storage, and transportation 14 of hazardous wastes. Monitor to see that proper disposal, storage, and/or transportation of hazardous wastes is done. Respond to improper disposal, storage, and/or transportation of ! hazardous wastes. Develop an overall long-term plan for hazardous waste surveillance and enforcement in San Diego County. Report to responsible agencies and departments on the handling of hazardous wastes. Provide (with any necessary consultation with SDOHS) determinations as to whether a particular identified waste is hazardous. The Department of Public Works (DPW) will: Provide DHS with copies of the manifests from the BKK transfer station on a monthly basis. Continue efforts toward establishing a hazardous waste disposal ,j facility at the Otay Landfill. i ' The Hazardous Waste Management Project of the Chief Adminstrative Office has been directed to: VIII-5 t 1) Identify and resolve uncertainties regarding areas of responsibility of the various levels of government in the management of hazardous wastes. 2) Develop a hazardous waste management plan which provides for the safe handling and disposal of all hazardous wastes within the County. 3) Evaluate the capability of local agencies to respond to an emergency involving accidental releases or illegal disposal of hazardous waste. Enforcement and Surveillance Enforcement and surveillance of local hazardous waste processing, source control and disposal are under the jurisdiction of the California State Department of Health Services (SDOHS). This responsibility has been delegated by SDOHS to the County DHS. First-hand knowledge of hazardous waste generation and methods of disposal is essential to a viable hazardous waste management program. Inadequate surveillance of generation and disposal of such wastes and the apparent willingness of some industries to take advantage of the present situation compound the problem. A discussion of hazardous waste generation and disposal in California and existing waste treatment technologies is con- tained in the Appendix (A-VIII-2 and A-VIII-3). This task of control was strengthened in San Diego County in May, 1980 when the State Department of Health Services contracted with San Diego County to provide one person -year to identify and monitor the generation and disposal of hazardous wastes in the County. Funding is from the State Department of Health Services. Major strides were made in June 1982 when the Board of Supervisors enacted an ordinance establishing a hazardous waste generator's permit system. Under the system, fees derived will be used to finance an enforcement and surveil- lance program, provide for inspection of facilities handling hazardous wastes and finance limited medical assessments when hazardous materials incidents occur. VIII-6 Illegal hazardous waste disposers will be identified through complaints, spot-check surveillance, public awareness, mail questionnaires and phone questionnaires. If these generators are disposing of wastes illegally, enforcement and compliance steps will be taken. Enforcement is conducted by tvlegal staff of the State Department of Health Services following recommenda- tides made by County staff. d� Program objectives are: t� 1) Surveillance of hazardous waste generators, oaulers, storage facilities and treatment facilities to identify those establishments that properly or improperly dispose of hazardous waste. Priority of surveillance actions are: tl a. Complaints t'O b. Extremely hazardous waste producers c. Large volume producers d. Industries that have histories of high incidence of violations e. Establishments that have not notified Federal or State authorities of their waste generation activities f. Hazardous waste transporters. 2) Education and consultation with industry, public and private parties to bring about an understanding of hazardous waste disposal requirements to prevent illegal disposal of hazardous waste. Education and consultation will be through: a. Public forums and panel participation b. Consultation with industry to answer or refer questions. 3) Compliance and/or enforcement of generators, haulers, and disposal site operators illegally storing and/or disposing of wastes. Priority will be centered on generators, especially those that are endangering public health and safety. In addition, chaptered legislation effective January, 1981 allows penalties -= of $5,000, $25,000 and $50,000 per day (depending on violation) for improper .: handling, storage or disposal of hazardous wastes. (California Health and Safety Codes Chapter 6.5, Section 25188, 25189, and 25191 cover these violations.) a , i f j VIII-7 SAN DIEGO COUNTY HAZARDOUS INDUSTRIAL WASTES Most hazardous industrial mstes are by-products of a variety of manufac- turing industries. Some of the hazardous wastes prr-duced in San Diego County are liquids containing sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric and hydrofluoric acids, corrosive acids and alkalies, solvents, cyanide plating wastes, acid etchants, oils and sludges. Disposal of Hazardous Industrial Wastes In formar years, many highly toxic and dangerous wastes were sealed in 55- gallon drums, barged to sea, and dumped in a designated area 20 miles west of Point Loma. About once every two years, 100 to 200 drums were disposed of in this manner. Most of these wastes were liquid cyanide compounds, although � other liquids and solvents have also been included. No oily wastes or radio- active materials were known to have been dumped. According to the Regional Water Quality Control Board's records, the last dumping of this type took ,. place in 1968. The County of San Diego also operated a Class I site in conjunction with its Otay Landfill. Approximately 1.3 million gallons of hazardous wastes were received annually. A second Class I site was operated by the Omar Rendering Company in Chula Vista, adjacent to the Otay Landfill. The operation included a hauling service in addition to the rendering operation, consisting of three solar evaporation ponds, and disposal. In 1979 BKK Corporation purchased the Omar Rendering Company's Trucking Division and took over their operations in San Diego Count at the former Omar Rendering Company site were discontinue Corporation established a hazardous waste transfer facilit Miramar Road in San Diego. VIII-8 N, In 1980 the Otay Class I Landfill was approaching capacity. The County Board of Supervisors closed the site on November 1, 1980. Concurrent with this 9 action, the Board of Supervisors solicited bids to lease a portion of the ftay Landfill for purposes of establishing a hazardous waste transfer station. BKK Corporation was the successful bidder and was awarded a 5 year lease on q7 the property by the Board of Supervisors. The station is projected to be �+e operational by September 1982. The BKK operation will receive and/or store bulk loads of liquid industrial wastes. On -site neutralization of some acidic wastes, oil separation and dewatering will take place prior to transfer to the BKK Landfill in West a� Covina. Solid wastes in drums or other leak -proof containers will also be accepted. i '^a BKK anticipates an annual volume of approximately 4 million gallons being -w handled on the site. 3 The station will be open Monday through Friday. BKK's primary business will be commercial. A rate schedule will be posted on site and monitored by the County.. An artist's concept of the facility appears in Figure VIII-1. -i i BKK is required to maintain a contingency plan, copies of which are on file with the City of Chula Vista, as well as other appropriate agencies. As public awareness of proper hazardous waste disposal increases, many individual citizens are expected to bring small quantities of hazardous waste to the Otay facility. In response to a request from the County to accommodate this small gene-ator, B%K has initiated a special program to accept very small quantities (5 gallons or less) of hazardous waste for a minimal fee. This should assist in encouraging legal disposal by small and infrequent generators. VIII-9 I BKK FIGURE VIII-1 � � -fir • 'Y:.:4y� •�••.,;,�'• f'EtU1Q5'RejN=7b OWNUMN6 W! utAT HAURM''b 41A4t6 tICEArh,' v iMtFCre FACILITY - AN M66 Military Hazardous Waste Disposal The Navy Public Works Center operates a permitted industrial waste treatment and an oily waste treatment/oil recovery facility at North Island. A per- mitted oily waste treatment/waste oil recovery facility operated by the Naval Supply Center is located at Point Loma. The Navy has programmed (currently FY-84) an additional oily waste treatment facility for the Naval Station. The Public Works Center also operates three permitted hazardous waste trans- fer stations, one at North Island, one at the Naval Station and one at Point Loma, for consolidation of smaller volumes of hazardous wastes prior to recy- cling, treatment or disposal at Class 1 sites. VIII-10 4 4� tj u F f' 0 f41 E4 APCD Regulations Superimposed upon water quality control standards, which govern the disposal of industrial and hazardous wastes, is the San Diego County Air Pollution Control District's Rule 66. Subsection (i) of Rule 66 stipulates that: A person shall not, during any one day, discard, dump, or otherwise dispose of a total of more than one and one-half gallons of any organic solvent which exceeds the compositional limitations for photochemically reactive compounds ... by any means which will permit the evaporation of such solvent into the atmusphere... . This would include such liquified wastes as paint thinners, gasoline, waste paint, and sludges which contain photochemically reactive organic compounds. Additionally, Rule 67.2, effective January 31, 1978, specifically governs dry cleaning equipment using petrcleum-based solvent. Regional Industrial Waste Haulers Registered waste haulers are licensed by the Hazardous Waste Management Section of SDOHS. Licensed haulers operating in the San Diego area in November 1981 were: Allied Tank Cleaning Corp. American Processing Co., Inc. Aztec Oil Baron -Blakeslee Burns & Sons Trucking Chancellor & Ogden Cleaning Dynamics Corp. Commercial Cleaning Corp. Consolidated Pumping Service Exclusive Trans Corp. Findly Chemical Disposal Inc. General Dynamics/Convair Div. Industrial & Municipal Services Co. Inc. IT Corporation Merritt Drain Oil Service Co. Modern Septic Service Nelco Oil Refining Corp. Oceanside Disposal - Chula Vista Sanitary Service Larry O'Harra Enterprises Pepper Industries, Inc. Pepper Oil Company, Inc. San Diego Gas &. Electric Co. Southwest Marine, Inc. Triad Marine & Industrial Cleaining Corp. U.S. Navy Public Works Center Victor/California Wilbur -Ellis Company Hazardous wastes collected by these firms are hauled to West Covina, Casmalia and Kettleman Hills for disposal. Industrial Waste Generation in the Region The principal sources of industrial wastes in San Diego County are located in .� the greater metropolitan area, but new industrial parks are being developed throughout the County. A substantial number of industries in the region are permitted to discharge certain industrial wastes directly into local sewerage systems under specific circumstances and with the surveillance of the Industrial Waste Su►vcillance Program. The City of San Diego has a viable program to control disposal of hazardous wastes into the Metro Sewer System. The County of San Diego has a similar program of control. Combining these programs, expected within a period of ' one to two years,.effective controls will be working to assure the legal disposal of a vast majority of the hazardous wastes generated. It is difficult to obtain complete and accurate data on the total quantity and adequacy of handling of non-•sewerable hazardous industrial wastes being } generated in the region despite the required California Hazardous Waste E Manifest. The Appendix includes a report of hazardous wastes manifested and { generated in San Diego County for 1980 and disposed of off -site at Class I r locations (A-VIII-4). . Additional information on generation -of --hazardous wastes is needed. Some of the generated hazardous wastes are pre-treated either on -site or by firms providing treatment. This reduces the quantity of hazardous waste which needs disposal. Conceivably, generators could be using unapproved disposal methods without detection. INFECTIOUS/BIOHAZARDOUS WASTES Wastes which have disease transmission potential require special handling and care in storage, collection, transportation and disposal. Types of infectious waste materials include: °pathological and surgical wastes °clinical and other biological laboratory wastes °animal carcasses °sharps (needles, syringes, blades, etc.), tubing, bags, and bottles °patient care items (linen, personal and food service items, etc.) from contaminated patient areas °drugs and chemicals °stools, mucosa and urine. VIII-12 0 The storage and disposal of infectious wastes are regulated under Title 22 of the California Administrative Code. By law, disposal shall be by (1) incin- eration, (2) sanitary landfill, or (3) other approved methods. f Emergency regulations in Title 22 further clarify and define the handling and disposal of health facility wastes. These regulations require, when disposal is by other than on -site incineration, that local health officials certify to the State annually that the storage, collection, transportation, processing and disposal of medical wastes and hazardous wastes associated with hospital services do not jeopardize public health and safety. Air pollution regulations have greatly influenced hospital disposal prac- tices. Most local hospitals and a number of nursing and convalescent insti- tutions formerly used on -site incinerators to reduce the daily volume of their wastes. With enactment of the Air Pollution Control Bill's stringent air -quality standards in January 1974, on -site incineration was greatly b reduced. Most medical wastes are currently taken to a public sanitary landfill, or where appropriate, discharged to the sewer. {{ A Hospitals are the greatest source of medical wastes. Volumes of hospital ` wastes are closely related to bed capacities. Hospitals in larger communities and teaching hospitals tend to generate more wastes than those in smaller communities and non -teaching hospitals, respectively. Several local hospital administrators have indicated that the generation rate in this area is somewhat above the national average, and was estimated to be about eleven pounds per patient per day. Hospitals that have experimental programs pro- duce more than the estimated waste. Based on August 1981 data supplied -by the Hospital Council of San Diego ,a County, there are 1,022 tons per year of infectious wastes generated by hospitals in San Diego County. Solid waste loadings from hospitals and most other medical related facilities will increase about 5% per year as a result of the population growth and _ increasing use of disposables in patient treatment. Local hospitals are largely using disposable plastic bags for the bulk of their wastes. Most use a two -bag system for primary classification of wastes for internal storage and handling. Conventional or non-infectious waste is put in opaque noi:-red plastic bags. Infectious waste is placed in red plastic bags. This reduces the potential for contamination of the environ- ment and cross -infection. In San Diego County, medical waste is most often disposed of: by thermal destruction at a central facility; processing to produce a sterile homogeneous material that can be safely hauled and disposed of off -site; or ri liquid disinfection of selected wastes, the liquid being discharged to the € sewer and the solid disposed of in a proper landfill. The San Diego County Health Officer approves plans for handling and disposal � Of infectious wastes from medical institutions where disposal is other than on -site incineration. The County Department of Health Services continues j surveillance and enforcement of existing laws and regulations for the , processing and disposal of medical wastes. The County Department of Public ! Works and the County Department of Health Services should develop an i awareness program for all collection and disposal personnel on the potential hazards connected with the handling of medical wastes. RADIOACTIVE WASTES Sources of radioactive wastes in the San Diego region are nuclear power generation, medical services and research and development in industrial laboratory work. The quantity of radioactive materials used by area hospitals and requiring disposal is considered normal. Radioactive solid wastes must, by Federal Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations, be properly packaged for both safe transport and ultimate w disposal. Disposal is at either Beatty, Nevada or Richland, Washington. These sites are licensed by their respective states. To transport radio- active solid waste, a firm must be licensed by Federal DOT. In San Diego County, there are two radioactive solid waste disposal vendors, Tom Grey and VIII-14 67 F19 6V Associates and Pacific Nuclear. Both firms are also licensed by the State of California. EXPLOSIVES The safe handling and disposal of explosives or explosive devices warrants serious consideration. A catastrophe could result from the undetected entry of discarded explosives into the solid waste stream. This is particularly a concern for resource recovery facilities involving a shredding process. Such an incident occurred at the Palomar Transfer Station in March, 1980 when waste solvent in cans exploded going through the shredder. Fortunately, there were no injuries to personnel, but damage to the plant and equipment was extensive. In the City of San Diego, a specialized unit of the Fire Department disposes of recovered explosives including confiscated fireworks picked up from U.S. Customs, and picric acid from schools. A similar unit in the Sheriff's Department provides this service for the other 15 cities and the unincorpo- rated areas of the County. Such explosives are presently taken to "Green Farm", a Federally -owned ordnance testing site near the Miramar Naval Air Station, where they are detonated or burned in the open. Unmovable explosives such as bomb devices are either deactivated or detonated on the spot. Ordnance requiring defusing is handled by the 70th Army Disposal Unit stationed at Fort Rosecrans. This same Disposal Unit handled the disposal of fireworks confiscated by U.S. Customs until July 1980, when three of their members were killed from a fireworks explosion that happened while loading fireworks on a truck. Adequate arrangements now exist for detonating and disposing of discarded "live" explosives, bomb devices and the like. The chief potential hazard remains the undetected entry of explosive materials into the waste stream. VIII-15 INCINERATOR RESIDUE FROM RESOURCE RECOVERY PROJECTS Currently, State regulations classify incinerator residue as hazardous. The Regional Water Quality Control Board determines to which class of landfill this waste must go. This creates problems for many resource recovery pro- jects because of the scarcity of Class I sites in California. For those projects not near Class I sites, the costs of disposal of the residue as hazardous waste may be prohibitive. { It is the opinion of EPA, and most people in the solid waste field, that the f Y ash residue from municipal waste incineration is not hazardous. In e Spring of 1981, the State Solid Waste Management Board and the SDOHS began a study of resource recovery plant residue for the benefit of all projects in California. The study is still underway. The ruling on reclassification of the residue from a waste -to -energy facility is expected in 1982. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT PROTECT Early in 1981, as a result of the closure of a number of hazardous waste dis- posal sites in Southern California, the State Department of Health Services initiated a study called the "Southern California Hazardous Waste Management Project". The purpose of this study is to develop criteria for siting hazardous waste facilities and to identify potential locations for hazardous waste disposal sites in the Counties of Ventura, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, San Diego and Imperial. y The lead agency for the study is the California Department of Health Ser- vices. The State Water Resources Control Board, State Solid Waste management Board, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency also assist in providing overall direction to the study. Technical investigations are being performed by the Los Angeles County Sanitation Districts and private consultants. VIII-16 I LV rd Public participation in the study is coordinated by the Southern California Association of Governments (SCAG), assisted in San Diego County by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). Principal elements of the public ( participation element are: i t 1) A Policy Advisory Committee, composed of county supervisors, mayors and r council members from throughout the seven county area. This committee 4 ►� has developed proposed legislation which fixes responsibility for hazard- ous waste planning and establishment of hazardous waste facilities. The committee will address the political feasibility of the criteria and the ' potential sites and will also review and develop p positions on other t� legislation affecting hazardous waste treatment and disposal in Southern California. 2) A Citizens Advisory Committee, composed of private citizens appointed by participating political jurisdictions. This committee will provide com- ments on the preliminary list of sites and their rankings, as well as on the draft report. 3) A Residual Waste Management Technical Advisory Committee has also been -► formed to provide professional expertise and input to the technical studies. The committee consists of planning directors, environmental health officials, sanitation district general managers and public works directors. Iwo The anticipated completion of the study is late 1982. This study is part of ' the on -going California Hazardous Waste Management Program of SDOHS. Both the County and the City of San Diego have been active on SDOHS Committee establishing Hazardous Waste Facility siting criteria. Two ordinances passed by the San Diego Board of Supervisors during the first half of 1982 designated the Department of Health Sesrvices as the sole agency to create and operate the following programs 6o VIII-17 1) Surveillance of hazardous waste producers; and 2) Disclosure of hazardous materials by commercial establishments and institutions. The surveillance program will provide for a permit system to regulate hazardous waste producers pursuant to Chapter 6.5 of the California Health & Safety Code. The Hazardous Materials Disclosure Program will provide the public and emergency responders with health and safety data on chemicals held in commercial establishments. r 41% Ili =1 To effectively coordinate the programs into existing state ail: local activities in hazardous waste management, a Memorandum of Agreement with the state is being developed to designate the Department of Health Services as the enforcement agency regulating hazardous waste producers. RESPONDING TO EMERGENCIES The City of San Diego has a Manual of Response which includes actions for ` ! chemical accidents, radiological incidents and bomb explosions. Action plans I for oil spills, pipeline and industrial explos-'ons and explosions in the i harbor are being developed. The City of San Diego's plans for the future include training for police and fire personnel in handling hazardous wastes { if funding becomes available through State legislation. The San Diego County Department of Health Services, in order to enhance protection from wastes and minimize costs in incidents which require clean up, is developing an emergency response team. The team will provide assistance to emergency responders to categorize hazardous wastes and take samples when known chemicals are involved. The San Diego County Office of Disastet Preparedness published a Hazardous Materials Incident Response Plan in June 1981. Excerpts from the plan appear in the Appendix (A-VIII-5). VIII-18 In addition to the Emergency Response Plan, a program should be developed to train Deputy Sheriff's and County road maintenance personnel in the basics of hazardous materials. It has been agreed that these two classes of personnel are very likely to be the first County government personnel on the scene of a hazardous substance spill on County roads. Their knowledge regarding what safeguards to immediately take could prevent harm to others, themselves and the environment. i� f, On June 15, 1982 the Board of Supervisors adopted a Hazardous Waste Surveillance Plan for the unincorporated areas of the County. The incorporated cities are expected to adopt a similar surveillance plan. Under this Plan, the Department of Health Services will develop and implement hazardous waste surveillance permits, medical assessments and emergency ' response programs. «� SUMMARY Hazardous wastes can be perilous to public health and the environment and therefore require special storage, collection, handling and disposal. Their successful management requires special regulation, surveillance and precau- tion. - -- ? Enforcement and surveillance of local hazardous waste processing, source control and disposal are under the jurisdiction of the California State Department of Health Services (SDOHS). This responsibility has been dele- gated by SDOHS to the County OHS. The County has awarded a lease to BKK .`or a transfer facility adjacent to the ,0tay Landfill. The BKK operation will receive and/or store bulk loads of liquid industrial wastes. On -site neutralization of some acidic wastes, oil separation and dewatering will take place prior to transfer to the BKK Landfill in West Covina. Full operation is expected by September 1982. VIII-19 The Board of Supervisors created the Hazardous Waste Management Project within the Chief Administrative Office. The Task Force will provide recommendations for a comprehensive hazardous waste program in early 1983. Pending the final product from the Hazardous Waste Management Project, the County Solid Waste Management Plan contains a Hazardous Waste Element. This element of the Plan is subject to the local review and approval process as — set forth for the County Solid Waste Management Plan, except that the approving agency at the state level is the Department of Health Services rather than the State Solid Waste Management Board. During the course of this Revision (1982-85): Y 1. The County of San Diego's Chief Admi, strative Office, under policy I direction from the Board of Supervisors, will develop a Hazardous Waste f Management Plan for San Diego County. This Plan will identify the County's short- and long-term needs and capacities for hazardous waste disposal. 2. The County's Chief Administrative Office, under policy direction from the Board of Supervisor, will prepare a model ordinance for the handling and disposal of potentially hazardous waste. 3. The County Department of Health Services will continue implementation of the State Department of Health Services' enforcement and surveillance program and will review, issur and ar,ror,,,,c-....a ha_ardouc waste generator permits. Viii-20 a CHAPTER IX �! LITTER Litter is defined by the California State Solid Waste Management Board as "any post -consumer solid waste which is not deposited in 1) an authorized solid waste disposal site, 2) appropriate storage containers, or 3) other areas designated for disposal." This chapter discusses litter programs in t.fi San Diego County. ` Although litter is often thought of as primarily an aesthetic problem, it can # h also be both costly and physically injurious. Broken bottles and torn Bever- ° age cans are a threat to County residents. Litter can also cause damage to �' lawns and clog storm drains. Fatalities have been caused by automobiles striking bulky foreign objects in the highway or swerving to avoid them. +4 QUANTITIES, COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF LITTER ! Litter is not distributed evenly over the County. Evaluations show urban r areas to have 57 percent of the total public land litter. This is three times the amount found on any other type of property including beaches, desert, dry, bushy lands, suburban areas or canyons. i tix1t Litter is almost twice as dense on roadways as or; beaches, primarily because i beaches are serviced more frequently. In fact, 85 percent of the sampled .+ areas were roadways. According to the findings, 97.3 percent of the litter is on roadways, 1.5 percent on park lands, and 1.0 percent on beaches. Responses gathered from a Survey of Public Opinions Regarding Solid Waste Management Problems in San Diego County indicate that the visibility of litter and the particular type of environment in which it is observed influ- ence public perception of litter problem areas. When respondents were asked .� to identify areas having the worst litter problems, the most frequently mentioned were beaches (29 percent), streets (15 percent) and canyons and alleys (15 percent each). f IX-1 There is a substantial difference betwaen those areas which actually have the most litter and those which are viewed as having the worst litter problems. 9 The areas named as worst by the public are those which are usually traveled through at slow speed, so that there is more time to see any litter present than is the case on major roadways, which are usually traveled at high speeds. v The Appendix contains a table showing where respondents thought that the worst litter problem exists (A-IX-1). Interviews showed that litter is regarded as a more serious problem than rubbish disposal and about on a par with education and noise pollution.4 49 percent of the respondents rated litter as very serious or somewhat s p P Y E serious. Only eight percent said that litter was not a serious problem. LITTER CONTROL IN SAtJ DIEGO COUNTY +� 1 �t Litter control measures include ali techniques utilized either to reduce litter by discouraging the act of littering or to provide for cleanup and=i removal after it has occurred. r«� '- The-Gi-ty-of San Diego's ongoing litter program includes public education, t litter law enforcement, abandoned vehicle abatement, litter cleanup, and organized collection. The enforcement section is authorized to issue Notices E of Violation or to cite litter law violators. Weekend community cleanup } projects are conducted in conjunction with community groups and the private sector. The City Fire Department also administers an ongoing weed and rubbish abatement program. The most common "after -the -fact" approach to litter and illegal dumping con- trol in San Diego County includes volunteer and governmental (paid) cleanup. _ Extensive use is made of the Probation Department's programs using inmates from various honor camps, court appointed alternative sentence workers, and workers from the Department of Human Service's Workfare Program, where per- sons receiving food stamps are required to work in public service. w IX-2 f 2 a The role which public education plays in litter prevention and the pro er handling of waste varies as much from community to community as the practices of the sanitation departments, local ordinances, and enforcement. If proper- ly planned and implemented, public educationi can contribute much to reducing t improper waste handling. A variety of publicly -funded and volunteer litter control groups are involved in anti -litter publicity, education and cleanup p y> p programs. Some of these activities are discussed in the Appendix (A-IX-2). Anti -Litter Laws Litter and illegal dumping control through enactment of anti -litter laws re- lies primarily on the psychology of imposition of fines on violators. Most people are law-abiding and reluctant to compound the anti -social act of lit- tering by violating a local or state statute. For those who are caught and found guilty of littering, the original fine and the threat of increased fines for suLsequent violations are deterrents to repeated littering. If this litter control technique is to be effective, however, litter laws must be strictly enforced. Table IX-1 lists local litter ordinances. In March 1981 the City of San Diego adopted an ordinance putting more teeth into its anti -litter laws. Littering, illegal dumping, transporting open loads of spillable refuse and maintenance of open or inadequate refuse con- } _x tainers are specifically prohibited. The City also granted citation author-ity t to its sanitation inspectors to enforce these sections. s t Required Collection t i While litter control is not its primary aim, regularly scheduled refuse col- lection service has the effect of reducing litter problems that are associ- ated with prolonged accumulation of wastes and overflowing storage con- tainers. In addition, organized collection reduces the numbers of unsuitable S tf 4 i i IX-3 f Table IX-1 LITTER CONTROL ORDINANCES in San Diego County Jurisdiction Ordinance Carlsbad Dumping or throwing rubbish on private or public land without written permission of the City Council is prohibited. Chula Vista Litter defined. Unlawful to throw or deposit litter in public places. Sidewalk shall be left clean. Handbills regulated. Coronado Unlawful to throw or deposit litter in public places. Sidewalk shall be left clean. Handbills regulated. Del Mar Litter defined. Distribution of handbills regulated. Abatement of litter, weeds, etc., on private property provided. Non-payment of charges results in a lien upon the property. El Cajon Litter defined. Unlawful to litter on public or private property. Distribution of commercial handbills in public places prohibited. Charges for removing litter from private property assessed against property. Non-payment becomes lien upon property. Escondido Unlawful to accumulate trash or deposit same in public places or waters. Unlawful to litter with handbills. Imperial Beach Unlawful to throw, deposit, drop, or place debris, including dirt and rocks, onto street. La Mesa Throwing or depositing litter not allowed except in authorized receptacles or places. Charges to owners for litter removal from private property. Non-payment results in a lien upon the property. Lemon Grove Throwing or depositing litter not allowed except in authorized receptacles or planes. IX-4 J Table IX-1 LITTER CONTROL ORDINANCES (continued) National City local ordinance makes it unlawful to accumu- late trash on private property or deposit on street. Litter removed from private property t charged to owner. Lien can be filed for non- payment. Oceanside Littering prohibited. Litter to be placed in i an authorized container. Debris, etc., on private property can be abated at no cost to city. Nonpayment results in a lien on the property. Poway Adopted County Ordinance as of December 1, i 1980. 1 San Diego (City) Illegal dumping prohibited, littering forbid- den. Open or inadequate refuse containers unlawful. Transportation of uncovered waste prohibited. Abatement of public nuisances provided for. San Diego (County) No garbage, dead animal, diseased, putrid or offensive animal or vegetable matter, rubbish, construction wastes, or discarded appliances shall be placed or allowed to be placed or remain upon any vacant lot, park, public or private property, camping place, street, road, 1 highway, alley or on the bank of any stream or drywater course, or in any standing water, stream, or drywater course, and the same are declared to be a public nuisance. San Marcos Litter is not specifically mentioned, but accumulation of "junk" is not allowed. Santee Throwing or depositing litter not allowed except in authorized receptacles or places. Vista Littering forbidden. Distribution of hand- bills regulated. Accumulation of "junk" is , not allowed. f 1 e M E 1 i 3{1 ! l IX-5 vehicles used to transport wastes, thereby reducing the amount of litter blowing from trucks enroute to disposal sites, as well as the temptation to dispose of wastes illegally. Prevention of litter in this manner is most effective in areas of mandatory collection. Litter Cleanups Litter pickup programs were costly in 1980: California taxpayers paid nearly .- $100 million to clean up,litter. Litter cleanups provide only a temporary i solution to the litter problem. During FY 1980-81, the City of San Diego alone expended nearly $1,108,000 for litter enforcement and cleanup activi- ties and an additional $893,000 to pick up and remove litter fror, the .beaches. The City's litter cleanup efforts are augmented by community group vo';Anteers and private sector service. The City has also utilized the ser- ent's honor camp inmates in anti -litter vices of the County Probation Departm efforts. The County's Department of Public Works has aggressively sought means to "untrash" San Diego County at the lowest cost to i,s citizens. As of 1981 the County's Department of Public Works was using twelve crews with a combined work force of 140 workers from the Department of Probation programs and the Department of Human Services Workfare Demonstration Project. The effectiveness of this Litter Control Program has in a large part been due to the excellent cooperation among various members of the Probation and Human Services Departments and the Department of Public Works. This program has provided a cleaner environment around our landfills and access roads and has .� also been instrumental in reducing litter along rural roads, open spaces, and within the County park system. State Litter Grant Funds With the passage of the Litter Control, Recycling and Resource Recovery Act of 1977 (SB 650) and the Solid Waste Management Act of 1980 (SB 261), 1 "pass -through" funds for litter cleanup and enforcement became available to IX-6 r r P local governments. Administered by the State Solid Waste Management Board, these were used for a variety of programs. The original legislation established a five year program. If determined successful by the Legislative Analyst's Office, it was the Legislature's intent to refund the program. Unfortunately, during the Legislature's budget deliberations for FY 81-82, this program was eliminated. A complete discussion of the litter programs funded by State grant appears in the Appendix (A-IX-3). THE GREAT CALIFORNIA RESOURCE RALLY !` The first annual Great California Resource Rally was sponsored by the State Solid Waste Management Board. It took place during the week of April 20-26, 1981 in order to coincide with the national Keep America Beautiful Week and Earth Day, 1981. tMI J An estimated 400,000 Californians participated in Rally -related activities 1'4and over 75,000 of those were residents of San Diego County. The number of 4W4 Californians aware of the rally (determined by statewide opinion survey) was � 4,600,000. The first Great California Resource Rally was successful in raising both awareness of and concern regarding our present "garbage crisis". - In San Diego County, over forty events were scheduled and promoted during the ..� Rally week. A unique coalition of government, industry and community groups participated in cleanups of neighborhoods, beaches, deserts, parks, highways, downtown areas, and even the bottom of San Diego Bay. Recycling drives throughout the county focused attention on ways to conserve and recover resources which are often thrown away. Due to the success of the first Rally, a Second Annual Rally, April 19-25, -' 1982 was held. Events scheduled in San Diego County during the Second Rally week included highway, park, beach, and canyon cleanups; community IX-7 beautification projects; recycling drives; and publication of the second addition of the local Reseller's Directory. -, The County of San Diego Department of Public Works provided free access to County 1'andfills to various volunteer groups, committees and municipalities participating in the Rally. Rally Week kickoff featured the opening of a paid plastic and glass recycling center in San Diego at Industrial Metals and Salvage Company. Also featured was an "I Love a Clean San Diego Recycling Night" at the Padres vs. Giants ballgame. Free general admission was granted to students high school age and younger who presented twelve aluminum cans. Unfortunately., elimination of State litter grant funds will negatively impact ~; local agencies' ability to participate in this annual event in the future. SUMMARY _f In San Diego County there are some estimated 33.5 million pieces of litter on 4 land under jurisdiction of general purpose government. Updated laws carrying - meaningful penalties and vigorous enforcement can go a long way toward eliminating litter, but they are clearly not a shortcut to a litter -free environment. Effective litter control is only possible when a community such as San Diego really wants to improve conditions, and the majority of its citizens are committed to the preservation of a clean, attractive environment. During the period of this Revision (1982-85): 1. The County Department of Public Works and the cities in the region will continue to'develop and coordinate anti -litter programs. 2. The County Department of Public Works will work closely with the County Board of Supervisors and the local City Councils in the adoption of com- prehensive litter control orainances. �' i 9 a CHAPTER X FINANCING AND ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT This chapter summarizes the existing solid waste responsibilities and financing practices within the San Diego region. It also describes alterna- tive organizational and financing mechanisms which could be used to meet the region's solid waste needs should a change in the existing practices be desirable. dVERVIEW The County of San Diego is a one -county planning and management region. Within the County there are sixteen incorporated cities, of which the City of San Diego is the largest with a current population of approximately 900,000. The County of San Diego and the City of San Diego are the only two local agencies currently providing solid waste disposal services. The sixteen cities, and the County of San Diego for the unincorporated area, provide a variety of types of collection services. There have been few problems experienced within the County in managing and planning for solid waste services with the exception of siting solid waste tdisposal facilities. EXISTING ORGANIZATIONAL AND FINANCING MECHANISMS This section identifies the specific organizations and their financing methods for providing solid waste services. The County of San Diego The County of San Diego is the region's designated solid waste planning and management agency. It was the lead agency for the development of the original Solid Waste Management Plan and for this Revision. Should any amendment of this Plan become necessary, the County of San Diego has lead responsibility. These activities are the responsibility of the County's Department of Public Works. X-1 This Plan includes a hazardous waste element. However, specific responsi- bility for hazardous waste is assigned to the County's Department of Health Services. This is similar to the arrangement at the State level. The Board of Supervisors has also formed a Hazardous Waste Management Task Force to develop a "cradle -to- grave" program for the County's hazardous wastes. a The County has lead responsibility for resource recovery projects. This is accomplished in a cooperative effort between the Department of Public Works' Solid Waste Division and the Chief Administrative Officer's Special Projects Division, where the SANDER project, discussed at length in Chapter V, is organizationally assigned. I The County's Department of Public Works is responsible for the operation of six sanitary landfills, one hazardous waste transfer station and ten rural container stations. The Department of Public Works is also responsible for road sweeping and roadside litter removal along County -maintained roads in the unincorporated area. The County of San Diego does not provide collection service in the unincorpo- rated area. Rather, under the current Solid Waste Ordinance, included in the AppendiX (A-E), the unincorporated area is divided into 27 permit areas. These boundaries coincide with the sub -regional census tract areas for the County. Private collectors are issued permits within each designated area. As part of that process, the County performs certain collection regulation enforcement activities. In addition, the County issues transporter permits to private sector haulers using County facilities. The County, in effect, performs vehicle inspection services for the cities within the County, with the exception of the City of San Diego. X-2 There are several other County agencies involved in solid waste services. The County's Department of Health Services is the designated enforcement agency for health -related matters for all cities within the County. The County's Department of General Services also provides for the removal of dead animals along County -maintained roads. When requested, the County of San Diego works with cities within the County to develop recycling and resource recovery projects. w The Department of Public Works provides public information and education services itself and through contracts currently held by the San Diego Ecology Centre, Inc. and the San Diego City/County War Against Litter Committee. The SANDER project, the Department of Health Services, and the County's Office of Intergovernmental and Public Affairs, also provide public information on 1� solid waste activities. Since 1967 the County has charged solid waste tipping fees at all County disposal sites. In FY 1976-77 fees supported approximately 19% of all County w solid waste expenditures. Beginning in 1979, the Board of Supervisors began E to apply their policy requiring full cost recovery. Full cost recovery through solid waste tipping fees will be accomplished by FY 1982-83. Fiscal year 81-82 Solid Waste Program was budgeted at $9.1 r million. a SANDER Project i The San Diego Energy Recovery (SANDER) Project is a proposed large-scale .� energy recovery facility. The City of San Diego and the County of San Diego < <k have entered into a Joint Powers Agreement for the development of this facil- ity. This is a unique arrangement in the County. i 1 Management } The San Diego Energy Recovery (SANDER) Project Task Force was formed in March, 1977. The County of San Diego and the Cities of San Diego and X-3 National City each had a voting member on the Task Force. In September 1979 National City withdrew its support of the project as well as its membership on the Task Force. In November 1979 the Task Force was expanded to include two elected ._ members of the San Diego City Council, two elected members of the County Board of Supervisors and a State Assemblyman. The County has served as lead agency for the project and provides County staff and funding for the project. The City of San Diego provides supplementary staff and funding for the SANDER Project. r In September/October 1981 the City and County executed a joint powers agreement creating the San Diego Energy Recovery Authority (See Figure } X-1). The Authority is a separate legal entity empowered to finance, construct, and operate a resource recovery facility. Its Board of Directors will consist of two members of the Board of Supervisors and two members of the San Diego City Council. If bonds for construction are not issued by 1986, the joint powers agreement creating the Authority will terminate. In May 1982 the SANDER Joint Powers Authority was formed. Membership includes two voting members from the San Diego City Council, two voting - members from the County Board of Supervisors, and two non -voting members, a State Assemblyman and a Councilman from the City of Chula Vista. Financing The Project economics were based on public ownership. The SANDER Joint Powers Authority Board of Directors is planning to include the option for private ownership in the requests for proposals. Under public ownership the SANDER Authority could issue revenue bonds to finance the project. Under private ownership one financing mechanism which could be used by a system contractor would be the California Pollution Control Financing Authority. X-4 r r ,FR A FIGURE X-1 IMPLEMENTATION OF JOIIJT POWERS joerr 1' was AC1tEEMENiS tamboN4 age.ey or cam-ieefo. Administrative Form (Chao.. oft) Frfm. coaetaetor Saud at Dlreetarr Decblom-making Body Co-ning body of :tme Cameraetor at och Pam I Mays. of each MY ma gee. of scab patty a�m APPd rep.. of each party memiermip of Deelalom-Mahog Body An legislated M eed ELc"d rep.. of each party L moo. aw: j T Adviwty board Mnr* co=mte Advlaory Board ! Chooe. a.e: �•�~ Now �v Cominum" employs. Comcmec with odter ap.ry Ces Pam Some as all romp Dopt. of am Pie Fuxtiotrtl C Party Dept. of low s all parties Private cosrultum � Pstvam ctnwlaac Choose oee• CamtabNa. employ. Massm of gwrad"d of perry C h,ed(s) MaoeEer Department head Caswltaac •-��.,.�.� Dace ame• C°mrel.Nea,-play. Treasurer/ T:sasurer of prtme coenaetor Taaanrer °f Ot Pam Comptroller Trasu:er of odor ow or more. L.... planning it coordhtatioa -.� maip 4 coouroctiom J Opmdom 4 matatesa n Actptlre/own property or leaseholds Lsvels of Service Commaet Oudpt ii.i..�� bW11dwU party pro ram coatrttutloo. 30" bard on behalf of all parries by — Pam plumingmethods 1%1 Act revmme bo.ds X-5 Cities Incorporated cities within the County retain responsibility for solid waste storage, collection, litter programs, street sweeping, certain public infor- mation and education programs, and nuisance abatement, including vacant lot cleanups, abandoned vehicle abatement and illegal dumping. The majority of cities within the County accomplish solid waste collection through franchise or license arrangement with the private sector. Residents'} of these cities contract directly with the franchise holder or licensed col- lector. Exceptions to this include the Cities of San Diego, Imperial Beach and Coronado (See Table X-1). Under provisions of the Peoples' Ordinance, enacted in 1919, the City of San Diego provides collection and disposal of most wastes generated without a fee to City residents. Residential collection service within the City of San Diego is provided by municipal employees. The City of San Diego also licenses private haulers for commercial, industrial and residential collec- tion service within its boundaries. ` In 1968 the City of San Diego began charging for industrial waste disposal. f They also instituted fees for certain classes of material requiring special handling and for all refuse generated outside City limits. In November 1981 the citizens of San Diego approved an amendment to the 1919 ' e. The amendment authorizes establishment of disposal � Peoples Ordinanc fees for commercial, industrial and non-residential trash regardless of origin. The City of Coronado provides solid waste collection as part of its General Fund obligation. The City contracts with a private collector for this service. The City of Imperial Beach provides municipal solid waste collection. However, there is a charge to residents for this service. X-6 W TABLE X-1 EXISTING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITIES CITY REFUSE NUISANCE ABANDONED STREET REFUSE COLLECTION ABATEMENT VEHICLES SWEEPING DISPOSAL Carlsbri Franchise Coast haste Manage- City Utilities Maintenance City Police Department City Utilities Maintenance Collector rnWa- sibility as author- ment, Inc. Department Department ized by City or County Franchise City Building 6 City Building b City Public Works Authorized by City Chula Vista Chula Vista Saar Housing Department Vowing Department Department and County tart' Service Co. Franchise City Zoning En- City Police City Public Works Location approved Coronado Reliable Disposal forceeent Officer Department Department by City Council Service Articlee3351 Article e334 Franchise City Manager - County Sheriff 3 City Public Works Location authorized Del Ater Coast Waste Idanage- Fire Departmmt Fire Department Department by County or City mans. sue. Franchise City Fire Dept„ City Police Dept., City Public Works Satisfactory to El Cajon Universal Refute Re- Planning Dept. Planning Dept. Department City B County mtval Co., Inc, Zoning Enforcement Zoning,Enforcement (Sanitation) ordinances Officer Officer Sections L4-L1 Franchise Fire Marshall City Police Dept: City -Public Works Satisfactory 'co Escondido Cscondido Disposal Ordinance Chapter Department City Council Company 23 Municipal Code e143B City Superintend- City Fhmacipal City Municipal City Pulic Works City Council -,Super - Imperial Beach ant of Public Works Code Section Code article Department intendent of Public Municipal Code e4169 e417 Works Section 03063 Franchise City Planning City Police City Public Works Collector respon- La Mesa La Mesa Disposal Department Department Dept. - Street sibility Maintenance Div. Lsson Grove Franchise Sheriff and/or City Sheriff Department San Diego County Collector retpon. EDCO Disposal Co. sibility I Franchise City Police City Police City Public Works Collector respon. National City City Department Department Department sibility - City say Rubbish Rubbish Service require for Tideland Fill Franchise City haste Disposal City Code Enforce- City waste f1tsposal Oceanside Oceanside Disposal Division went Division Division B Authorized by City Company Contractors Poway Uses County Permit Sheriff Oepartment Sheriff Department County flow, Contract Collector respon- Holders Bid in future sibility City Solid Waste City Solid Waste City Police City Department of City Solid Waste Division - City Division -Municipal Department, Solid Transportation - Division - Municipal San uiego Treasurer (licenses) Code Sec 044.0104. Waste Division Strest•Division Code See. $66.11 3anicipal Code S4.05. 53.1, 66.03- at. al. Section $66.0107, Fire Department., etc. Public Health Dept. Franchise City Building 3 City Manager's Public Works Collector respon- San Marcos Solid Waste Planning Department Office Department sibility Service, Inc. Uses County Panic County of San City Plannir.t A County of San Collector Respan- Santee Holders Diego Community Develop- Diego sibility meat Franchise City :oning City Manager/Agrae- Public Works Collector rrspon- Vista Vista Sanitation Enforcement Officer meat with County Department 6 siN.lity Company At City ;Tanager's Sheriff - Traffic Contracting Office Division X-7 ORGANIZATIONAL ALTERNATIVES As discussed earlier, the County of San Diego enjoys the distinction of being -.. -a one -county, planning and management region. With only sixteen incorporated cities; and only two agencies involved in disposal activities, there has been Little need to establish an alternative structure for the management and planning of solid waste services. The obvious exception to this has been the SANDER Project. Due to its large scale, the costs of financing such a project, and the limitations placed on •- general fund revenue sources since the passage of Proposition 13 in 1978, the City and County of San Diego entered into a Joint Powers Agreement to provide the necessary organizational and financing support for this Project. This funding agreement is discussed in detail elsewhere in this Chapter. k I Factors to be considered in designing an alternative program for solid waste management include, but are not limited to: 1F ti ° the functions to be undertaken by the alternative organizational structure ° existing State and local laws and regulations �. ° the projected division of responsibilities among the parties invcived ` ° necessary financing capabilities. Any alternative organizational structure must be capable of accepting con- _ tinuing responsibility and direction for implementation of the various ele- ments of the Solid Waste Management Plan, and the power to enter into any necessary arrangements and agreements for operation, maintenance and capital i costs. Public agencies having both the legal authority and the financing capability w i to address solid waste problems include counties, cities, certain special — 1 districts, joint power authori-o is, and public non-profit corporations. ►W I Table X-2 summarizes the authority of counties, cities and special districts to perform solid waste functions. Most of the agencies listed have broad powers to conduct solid waste collection and disposal operations. An exception is the legal prohibition against waste collection by county sanita- tion districts, which may, nevertheless, contract for collection services. Of the agencies listed, only counties and cities have any legal mandate to plan for regional facilities. County governments are specifically delegated responsibility by the Solid Waste Management and Resource Recovery Act of 1972 (G66700ff). TABLE X-2 PUBLIC AGENCY MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS • FnWte! Coins Yes Yes. Yes Yes Yes C*0'2� Yes Gensrai Law cities Yes Yes Yes Yes Yea yes Chester Cities — Yes Yes Yes Yes Yee Yes Community services No Yee Yes District Yes Yes Yes Cauaty Saaindon etsict No No Yes yes Yes Yes Consty SaTice Area Yes Yes Yes Ye• Yes Yes Gerbsp DUposei District Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes saner DiattYu NO Yes Yee Yea Yes Yea X-9 aacn .c= may provide a toad raup of satviass. ocation of refuse dispoi rtransfer subject to via on ifMofdlst.uoincor at Perform any service county can. Table X-3 summarizes the formation and area characteristics of various special districts having power to perform some solid waste functions. TABLE X-3 SPECIAL DISTRICT FORMATION AND AREA AM a4cuss low"" Intaus AMMUS" le'ae MISM114dau Casslous"SMMWOasaia PaddMisbond oes*emsm Hued"A Yes (Ga109 to atpsf by lox d sK surzo t vosers tl2 1JeenM by awme of 1/2 of "Za d Canty deatntfes OUQId Rename a vniss of land mmuaree rrnsms. OHM In Rsssaa ne by baud at shet i we U2 a I Eloetre Yes Instant" of pordoa of CUT ftbjea to etv o.udd .l. b,1 force County Senles Ante Relorded,4 If tax matW .,Celualo In of City (G2UIO tO Renhsre by board of mpdveMra UI & I Elecdoo Ie Wles requires council approval County were farnnt F - to heard of apff"Wa of Rwalew a &11S000O25 10%eftaoveors U2 at E(eeeoM Yee C+rWe algeeal Olntftet Rteeletlaa k Inelaee hof MY -WI-2dq --W "too a) R NoInd" be@" at swemsers fit a zwed" Yee am —Al. Ul - Ufdnacipor"W area (Cannot include more than one county). U2 - Uninewposated (moze than ooe lbttay allowed). I - Incorporated. SPECIAL DISTRICT GOVERNING BOARDS .o< GO I WN go")a...hfe Seletsoe By Term MlseellaMau Cannons" Soloes OIaarMe loa/e9 tD Msrd a( predate 2 of S =tales by d strdnt vine 1 Years Cssnty asasatW dslollo AIPIloN Rod slq wata Whoa dlsrla Is In ware than Qt/100 95 Mad of arsswes At lobos E Ms bwN of son an lMehermisalo oM county. both c000rtes ato rem* tetttI COMM arvW Ares (076239 fA C"" Ma's ot;fydvturs MAI (MIA) (NM) fwser Wolof Olrrlst (1f�D7e a oatd et tareMtee S U.elod b f taurlet vows W Years Gams ago"" lout OHM a CMnty aid et SN-1 I MV (N/A) (N/A) (NM) . JanYaM► 01sum OMIOa a1 aMtd sf olredtrs S ELsr! ! ; reroa W Yeno X-10 rtl Table X-4 summarizes the ability of each of the public agencies listed in the section to perform solid waste functions. As indicated, the powers of the counties, cities, joint power authorities or public non-profit corporations are more comprehensive than are the powers of special districts. TABLE X-4 CANDIDATE ORGANIZATIONS TO PERFORM SOLID WASTE 14ANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS C U Q G ° C W a U y $4 3 � as C� oo' U pip 8. County Cities joint powers authority Public nocprofit corporation Community services district County sanitation district County service area Garbage disposal district Sanitary district Private enterprise X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X' X X X X X X X X X• X X X X 'Implicit in power to operate a disposal "system' . FINANCING ALTERNATIVES Revenue sources most commonly used in the County to support solid waste activities are service fees and general funds. However, other revenue sources are available to public agencies for this purpose. They are discussed below. Service Charges Service charges have several advantages. They establish a relationship between cost and use. They decrease the need to use property taxes. Prop- erly applied, service charges can promote efficient use and planning of solid waste facilities and can enable these facilities to be run as enterprise -type operations. X-11 All local agencies have the power to levy service charges. However, in recent years this power has been limited by State and local initiatives. Land Use Fee Some local agencies may also levy indirect use charges for solid waste services, in addition to- or in lieu of- direct service charges. These are indirect service charges levied against a property tax owner, collected R through the property tax bill. It is a flat fee based on a land use category and is proportioned to the amount of waste generated by that type of land " use. ' s• Specifically, counties and county service areas are empowered to levy: " 9 "Fees to be used for the acquisition, operation, and maintenance of County waste disposal sites and for financing waste collection, processing, reclamation, and disposal services where such services are provided. In d establishing the schedule of fees, the Board of Supervisors shall classify land within the unincorporated area based upon various uses to which the land is put, the volume of waste occurring from different land uses, and other factors...." B' Development Fees wi Under the Subdivision Map Act, cities and counties have the right to require r� that subdividers pay reasonable fees and/or dedicate improvements to the city ... , or county prior to subdividing land. Originally, these fee and dedication requirements were restricted to streets, sidewalks and other improvements. r This has been amended to allow cities and counties to pass local ordinances to charge for all improvements which are "necessary or convenient to insure conformity to or implementation of applicable general or specific plans of a city or county." i Subdividers could, therefore, be charged fees for the disposal site capacity .,- which is necessary for use by future occupants of the subdivision. These fees then could be used to finance disposal site expansion and improvement. X-12 FINANCING.CAPITAL EXPENDITURES Leasing Leasing's major advantage to public agencies is the avoidance of debt elec- �; I4 tion and, less importantly, debt restrictions. Since lease payments are financed out of current revenues, a local agency can avoid the expense and delay of bond elections as long as current revenue sources are adequate to meet the lease payments. Local agencies may lease facilities from either public or private sources. In California, local agencies have used two basic lease forms: lease pur- chase and true lease agreements. A lease purchase is a renewable contract iv enabling a local agency to assume title to the lease property at completion of the lease. A true lease, on the other hand, has no title transfer provisions. Lease payments do not build equity. Title transfers to the local agency only upon subsequent purchase of the property. F Private Enterprise Financing } The public sector has ultimate responsibility for insuring that solid waste services are provided. This does not, however, preclude solid waste facility ownership and operation by private enterprise. Private enterprise involve- ment may, in fact, be advantageous to public agencies. Under existing Federal tax laws, private business receives a variety of tax advantages which are not available to public entities. This could result in i ( a lower service cost to the user of the service. Leverage Leasing Private solid waste operators may find leverage leasing desirable for financ- ing large-scale projects, since this financing method enables high tax X-13 FIGURE X-2 LEASE -PURCHASE AND TRUE LEASE CASH FLOW i i LENDER PROVIDES LENDER PROVIDES } 100% OF loax of FINANCING FINANCING i Project Cost Project Cost Tax Ex mpt Inter st Tax Benefit Debt Service q yments LEASING AGENT LEASING AGENT H PROVIDES EQUIPMENT PROVIDES EQUIPMENT IPayments Lease Lease Payments LOCAL AGENCY LOCAL AGENCY LEASE -PURCHASE TRUE LEASE H� bracket equity owners to lease equipment and gain tax benefits accruing from the investment tax credit and depreciation. Leverage may provide a private financing mechanism which is competitive with t public tax exempt financing. Table X-5 reviews agencies and financing methods available to them. Table X-6 provides an evaluation of these sources. X-14 fwa"1 lad Smite ehargee Gas toe i Olgesel ounb rm framm" be Land we toe Soil of vandals TABLE X-5 SOURCES OF FINANCING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT FUNCTIONS couaxy Mortar cities ' Garza! law cities Jot= powers authority coome mmuskyy s rilas�distr�la ct catoty saakation aterrict couny service area Garbs`e dupciil district uwtuy dicier! x Ptriate opa'aCcas Pre Nat Sources • Alt•Inulre Sourus 4 M oft {l y • 3 M � ' ti a TABLE X-6 EVALUATION OF REVENUE SOURCES FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT -*am wb! otber Lee of w vmftu Adayynwim Yse. because of z"is t of all tax raft Hoots• samoe. tbaa (ItT 2201 M. tea -1 Ab No AppUubdlty to CaaventlsaA landfill t.u.htu or t mmfor ftattog Oe:tUat Cenral bad eupprt of coeesettoaat bell• mom of o tYek o• caubecog etc er coal V r glass wak ac • ery gaud with tttu- tin by city o datory eollecttoe, r county. R—w— APNteabtuq ro =..font. tseov.r. M1.efttara,r ascsuse reaatce Vassar land alp recovery in risky, pay*. Port may be do- straw*. Vert' good with Service chum maedatery eoU*e- rloa. me ��p koMt. a oft GOIA Very trod. it h• Curiae a» Large Mart be paired =001gM, "k eostrat at waste. en mnp ltmrktg. at rtx *air- Goad -bet-we at bcil• Gel, -trts use is 1'staetdse bee or prtee, Cues CAN be "stood « y a etiraft faGusttet, by eoUtetsea can!» prt"m lrloapcy. used n V U«s at psymwn to Pay !fir *"sea. Alter rains! Vadetste us a e2p-free Vary lead -bets used V Used � Mr eollaetba tea @my u ac Pry to Pey ar either a) only disposal of bl •manila• to Par tt- owl reaauesa mry collection eyteaa, m- ease, and dtepW or b) a oanlaftry Collsetba tyam. Moderate Nor (HA) Yea Sale of mararial Can re* /aft teat. X-15 Future Financing In these days of limited local government general funds, solid waste projects must compete with a growing number of public services and projects. These projects include equipment acquisition, future landfill acquisition, } site closure and completed landfill maintenance and betterment costs. Recent years have seen an increasing inability of government to budget for future needs. Solid waste activities are very capital intensive. Equipment, future facility acquisition, completed fill maintenance and resource recovery facilities are all major acquisitions. As a rule of thumb it has been estimated that one resident generates one ton of trash per year. With a projected 30% increase in population for San Diego County, we will experience our own garbage crisis as early as the end of this decade in North County. The SANDER Project, other recycling and resource recovery projects, compac- i tion at the existing sites and new state regulations waiving daily cover re- quirement will assist in delaying this crisis by expanding utilization of i existing sites. (These future disposal options are discussed in Chapter III.) We must, however, recognize and begin implementing a financing method to bank these future costs of doing business. Waste A e, a solid waste professional publication, estimates the following relative expenditures for a total pic- ture of landfill costs: TABLE X-7 LANDFILL DEVELOPMENT, OPERATION, AND LONG-TERM CARE percent of Cost/Ton Total Predevelopment and Site Preparation Cost $ 4.4.01 31 35 Site Operation & Maintenance Cost (10 years) .59 5 Site Closure Cost 3.68 29 Long -Term Maintenance Costs (20 years} ST Total Cost WASTE AGE/OCTOBER 1981 X-16 P One accounting t ng method available to capture funds for future needs is an Enterprise fund for solid waste activities. The County's Solid Waste Program became Enterprise funded in FY 1981-82. Enterprise funds are accounting mechanisms which allow a user fee supported program, once an operating plan } is approved, to budget for all expenses, including capital maintenance and future capital acquisition. Unexpended funds can be "carried over" from year to year, earmarked for specific solid waste uses. 4 Concurrent with the placement of the Solid Waste Program into an Enterprise ( Fund, the San Diego County Disposal Association formed a Solid Waste Enterprise Fund Review Committee. This group of industry representatives t' will meet quarterly with Department staff to review the Enterprise Fund �. program and funding. 1� SUMMARY A majority of solid waste services are fee -supported. Annual review allows rates to be set which cover operational costs. Fiscal constraints facing public agencies have, however, curtailed agressive capital projects. c� During the period of this Revision (1982-85); 1. A mechanism to capture funds today, for tomorrow's disposal needs, must be aggresively pursued. 2. The County of San Diego will continue to serve as the management and planning agency for the San Diego region. 3. The City of San Diego and the County of San Diego, and other agencies as appropriate, will continue to pursue the implementat•on or the SANDER Project. 4. The County of San Diego, in cooperation with the private sector, will pursue other large-scale resource recovery projects as appropriate. 5. The County of San Diego will establish and maintain a fee schedule designed to recover the costs of the Solid Waste Program as defined by the Board of Supervisors. 6. The County of San Diego will investigate land use or other appropriate fees to recover the costs of solid waste activities provided in the - Interior Zone of the County. X-17 F CHAPTER XI CONTINGENCY PLANNING L j To protect the public's health, safety and welfare, it is essential that solid waste services continue in emergency situations. If collection is not performed on a regular basis, wastes accumulate, exceed storage capacity and create both a nuisance and a health hazard. Spoilage of putrescibles in t� uncollected waste can attract vectors and rodents which further endangers public health. 0 Interruptions of regular service may result from extensive plant or equipment breakdowns, fuel shortages, labor disputes, natural disasters or civil dis- turbances. Since many of these occurrences are unpredictable or unprevent- able, all responsible agencies, both public and private, must develop comprea- °! hensive contingency plans which provide for safe waste removal and disposal in the event that regular service patterns are disrupted. �.; This chapter examines the viability of existing contingency plans to ensure the continuity of critical solid waste collection and disposal services. Collection A recent survey of governments and local collection industry representatives indicates that current levels of solid waste contingency planning in San ' Diego County appear adequate to ensure uninterrupted collection service in i most emergency situations. -s Labor Disputes With the exception of Imperial Beach and San Diego, waste collection services are provided by contract with private industry. A great percentage of these contracts contain "strike clauses" which provide some relief in the event of a work stoppage. Some cities have indicated that their contracts provide for the city's right to take over and operate the hauler's collection equipment in the event of a work stoppage and that they would exercise this right in U -1 such an event. They would then store the refuse on tennis courts, in parks or wherever space could be made available. If necessary, they would dig landfill space in city parks for the duration of the emergency. The City of San Diego's plan provides, if partial staff were available, all routes would be collected, but at a reduced frequency. If staff is not available, private companies would be contracted with for refuse collection. The City of San Diego also has a no -strike provision in its Charter. a r Fuel Shortages w Under the Federal Emergency Fuel Allocation Program, refuse collection fleet operations are considered emergency services. They are entitled to receive 100 percent V their needs from available supplies. During the 1973 fuel shortage, however, there was not enough fuel available to provide full allocations in all instances. •i r" ! At that time the San Diego County Disposal Association developed a mutual assistance program which achieved measurable success in meeting the shortage. i The Association, assisted by several local governments, urged regulatory agencies to increase allocations. It worked to achieve maximum fuel conser- vation within its members' individual collection routes and consolidated several routes, even servicing each others' clients in some cases, to reduce overlap in areas serviced by several haulers. - None of the non-member private collectors or cities providing their own muni- cipal collections have adopted detailed fuel allocation plans or made inter- city fuel distribution arrangements.to ensure the availability of fuel for collection vehicles in the event of a shortage. Development of compatible plans for these purposes will facilitate the acquisition and distribution of fuel and ensure continued collection dur:ig shortages. - During the most recent fuel shortage, however, the City of San Diego guaran- teed its Solid Waste Division fuel allocations. XI-2 Equipment Breakdown Most collection organizations, both public and private, maintain swing vehicles for purpose. The City of San Diego maintains at least one swing vehicle for every five regular collection trucks. Both the City and ± County of San Diego require all !� 9 q private collection operators to have legal access to at least two, collection vehicles as a } E- prerequisite to licensing. This insures that collection service can be maintained through overtime work using the spare truck if one vehicle is out ( of service. Since each vehicle must also meet certain performance and safety t standards prior to licensing, the potential for breakdown and service disruption is reduced. Disasters ri Major disasters such as earthquakes, floods, fires and even possible military attacks could cause large-scale disruption of collection services. In the + event of major disasters, most cities have indicated that to y � p priority would be given to preserving life and property. Handling solid waste would take a lower priority. Disposal A dependable disposal operation is a critical segment in the total solid, waste operation. t While the most likely large-scale interruptions in disposal service would _.1 arise from labor disputes, reduced operability of landfill sites could also _ result from fuel shortages, equipment breakdowns and natural disasters. i The City of San Diego General Services Department Emergency Procedures Manual contains general procedures for providing waste disposal services in emergencies. These include (a) insuring fuel supplies, (b) insuring parts maintenance and sources, (c) training equipment operators, and (d) obtaining -� trained equipment operators from other agencies. XI-3 s r 3 In the event of a work stoppage, the existing disposal contingency plan for the County of San Diego requires the contractor to provide substitute personnel to operate iandfill equipment at two regional sites, one in the north and one in the south County. Contingency plans outlined in existing procedures manuals for individual County operated disposal sites provide instructions to be followed in many emergency situations. These include operation in bad weather, fire and "hot i load" procedures, steps to be taken in the event of accident and injury, handling of hazardous wastes, and fuel shortage procedures. Processing Facilities Contingency planning for resource recovery or conversion facilities should provide for such emergency situations as labor disputes, equipment breakdowns and fuel shortages. Detailed provisions need to be made for such unpredictable events as boiler and processing equipment explosions, gas and oil fires and/or chemical spills. Plans should provide for personnel care on site and during evacuation, as well as rehabilitation efforts following the emergency. Industrial Wastes Most industrial wastes could, if absolutely necessary, be stored at the points of generation for short periods without seriously threatening the health and safety of the public. Special storage provisions may be needed for certain hazardous and extremely hazardous industrial wastes. Spills Contingency planning for the management and removal of spilled oils, and hazardous, potentially hazardous and other materials, is the responsibility of the individual jurisdiction in which the spillage occurs. Local police are responsible for providing traffic control. Commercial establishments are available to provide cleanup service. XI-4 Local and regional 1 9 planning for such contingency activities are also coordi- nated with: ° the State Oil Spill Contingency Plan (SOSCP) ° neighboring jurisdictions y, the County Department of Agriculture which has prepared emergency procedures for agricultural chemical spillages { the State Office of Emergency Services which coordinates the development of a State-wide contingency plan for hazardous material spills the County Office of Disaster Preparedness and Fire Services the City of San Diego Disaster Preparedness Liaison ° City Managers, Police and Fire Departments. Spoiled Foods If an area -wide emergency were coupled with a prolonged power outage, special solid waste services would be required to handle and dispose of large quanti- ties of spoiled food. Without sustained refrigeration, food would deterior- ate rapidly and would require immediate burial in order to avert a -serious health threat. Medical Wastes �- Because of the characteristics of medical wastes the retention period should be as short as possible. In case of an immobilizing work stoppage, .� contingency planning should give high priority to the handling of medical t wastes to prevent the outbreak of contagious or infectious diseases. { Medical institutions which have been issued permits by the Air Pollution ! ` Control Board could operate their on -site incinerators to the fullest extent possible during emergencies. A list of medical institutions presently holding valid burning permits is shown in the Appendix (A-XI-1). A 24-hour -� emergency incinerator operation could handle all medical wastes requiring immediate disposal or treatment. Emergency.Demolition Wastes In the event of a large-scale disaster, there � y may be extensive damage to R buildings and roadways with large quantities of rubble blocking roads and i XI-5 impeding emergency operations. As clearing of such debris is accomplished by local agencies, private industry and householders, landfills would receive I large volumes of these wastes. The City of San Diego has designated the Miramar and Montgomery Landfills for this purpose. County landfills open during any emergency situation can accommodate demolition wastes. Major Marine Oil Spills The San Diego area is particularly vulnerable to a major marine oil spill because of heavy ship traffic and extensive shoreline exposure. i The United States Coast Guard is responsible for cleanup of any oil spillage on navigable water. Its specialized equipment and trained personnel are on call and available to cope with such an emergency. The United States Navy w also has equipment and personnel on a standby basis at all times for cleaning r:J + up oil spills from Naval activities. Although major emphasis has been placed on recovery of the spilled oil, a certain amount of non -reclaimable oil, residues and absorbent materials used 4 in the clean-up will require disposal. Refuse of this kind can be deposited only in a Class I or Class II-1 landfill. SUMMARY Any prolonged interruption in solid waste services can have detrimental effects on the public health and welfare and the quality of the environment. Since all of the cities in the region either provide or contract for waste collection within their jurisdictions, they are responsible for insuring the maintenance of such service. They are in the best position to determine local emergency collection needs and to develop appropriate contingency j measures. Where collection is contracted for, such plans will necessarily } require the cooperation of the waste hauler and in some cases its parent company. XI-6 Makin similar arrangements for Making g o the unincorporated areas is currently the responsibility of the County of San Diego. Collection disruptions may affect several jurisdictions and require coordination among multiple local collection authorities. The County Department of Public Works has final responsibility for waste disposal in emergency situations in the unincorporated areas once a "state of emergency" has been declared by the Board of Supervisors. On the basis of the findings and considerations presented in this chapter it # is concluded that the program set forth below should be implemented. 1. Each city is responsible for the maintenance of a contingency plan to maintain collection services in the event of an emergency. The Appendix contains a list of elements to be included in such a plan (A-XI-2). 2. Those cities which contract for collection service should coordinate contingency planning with the hauler. tom! t, 3. The County Department of Public Works shall maintain its contingency program for the unincorporated areas of the County. 4. The County Department of Public Works shall work with the cities in developing collection contingency plans which are compatible with the plans of neighboring jurisdictions. } , 5. The Department of Public Works will assist in coordinating emergency collections and for communicating with the public during any area -wide solid waste crisis. i• 6. The County Department of Public Works shall work closely with appropriat^ agencies to develop emergency plans for handling potentially dangerous materials. The plan should include at least the following elements: (a) emergency authority to incinerate or burn wastes, (b) prolonged storage policies, (c) on -site burial or burning if prolonged storage would endanger the public health. 7. During the design phase of each new disposal or waste processing .. facility, an appropriate contingency plan shall be developed. XI-7 F CHAPTER XII LOCAL ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES }� The purpose of this chapter is to discuss Local Enforcement Agency (LEA) Plans. �a The Z'berg-Kapiloff Solid Waste Control Act of 1976 (AB 2439) required that each municipality designate an enforcement agency to carry out the provisions i� of the Act and to enforce the State's minimum standards for solid waste hand- ling and disposal. The Act also requires that the designated Local Enforce- ment Agencies prepare plans which identify their responsibilities and duties. These LEA Plans become the Enforcement Element of each County Solid Waste Management Plan by direction of the State Solid Waste Management Board. The Solid Waste Enforcement Programs for the sixteen incorporated cities and the unincorporated areas of the County operate by authority of Title 7.3 of the Government Code, Title 14 of the California Administrative Code r? and the U.S. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, as amended. COMPONENTS OF A SOLID WASTE LOCAL ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM Components of the LEA Plan were outlined in a document prepared by the State -� Solid Waste Management Board entitled "The Guidance manual for the Prepara- tion of Local Enforcement Program Plans". An LEA Plan should include the -,; following information: I. STATE AND LOCAL REGULATIONS -- An LEA Plan must contain provisions for the enforcement of solid waste storage and collection standards. The authority and procedures for enforcement of these activities of solid waste management activities shall be included. II. PROGRAM GOALS AND OBJECTIVES III. SOLID WASTE FACILITY PERMITTING PROCEDURES I i Identify the procedures of the enforcement agency for obtaining a solid waste facility permit. XI 1-1 IV. INSPECTION COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES .E V. STAFF TRAINING r� The - staff training conducted by the LEA for the general enforcement procedures and specific enforcement techniques for the solid waste management program. rq VI. TIME TASK ANALYSIS Personnel required to conduct an acceptable solid waste enforcement program. VII. TABLE OF ORGANIZATION Number, names, and classification of personnel assigned in the solid waste enforcement agency (program). VIII. BUDGET I Table XII-1 lists the health and non -health related LEA designations for the San Diego region. i TABLE XII-1 Designated Local Enforcement Agencies (LEAs) for the San Diego Region Jurisdiction Non -Health Related Health -Related County of San Diego (Unincorporated) Dept. of Public Works County Dept. of Health Services Carlsbad City Manager County Dept. of Health Services Chula Vista Coronado City Manager Dept. of Public Works County County Dept. Dept. of of Health Health Services Services Del Mar El Cajon City Manager Dept. of Public Works County County Dept. Dept. of of Health Health Services Services Escondido Dept. of Public Works County Dept. of Health Services Imperial Beach City Manager County Dept. of Health Services La Mesa Dept. of Public Works County Dept. of Health Services Lemon Grove National City City Council Dept. of Public Works County County Dept. Dept. of of Health Health Services Services Oceanside Poway Public Service Dept. Dept. County Dept. of Health Services ' San Diego of Public Works State Solid Waste County County Dept. Dept. of of Health Health Services Services Management Board San Marcos Santee City Manager Dept. of Public Works County County Dept. Dept. of of Health Health Services Services Vista Dept. of Public Works County Dept. of Health Services XII-2 91� F County of San Diego i� In the County's implementation of its LEA Plan a memorandum of understanding pq was reached between the Department of Public Works and the Department of ;t Health Services. The Department of Health Services, on 'rebruary 22, 1978, delegated responsibility for inspection of all County solid waste disposal facilities to the Compliance Section of the Department of Public Works' Solid Waste Division. The facilities are inspected on a monthly basis. A copy of the inspection report is sent to the Department of Health Services. A joint inspection of facilities is done quarterly by both departments. Vi II The County's LEA Plan also details solid waste facility permitting proce- �;% dures. This is a responsibility of the Department of Health Services. !ni All solid waste collection and/or transportation vehicles servicing the unin- corporated areas of the County or utilizing County disposal facilities are r-4 inspected annually by the Department of Public Works. All collection and/or i� transportation vehicles are routinely spot checked. k ! Cities I Two cities, Imperial Beach and San Diego, are directly involved in solid waste activities. These cities provide collection service. San Diego also operates two landfills. t The LEA Plan for the City of San Diego designates the State Solid Waste Management Board as LEA for enforcement of solid waste health and management standards. The Plan also indicates that the San Diego County Department of t Public Health enforces all health -related standards. The City's LEA Plan cites applicable ordinances pertaining to solid waste collection, transportation)( and disposal; disease control - nuisances; and noise abatement and control. XI 1-3 Since the City of San Diego operates sanitary landfills, the Plan outlines solid waste facility permitting procedures as well as inspection compliance procedures. Staffing requirements and tasks for administering the LEA Plan are also included. The remaining cities' major involvement is in regulating storage and collec•. tion standards within their jurisdictions. The LEA Plans prepared by the remaining incorporated cities in San Diego County indicate the agencies designated for the enforcement of non -health related matters of storage and collection. All cities have designated the County Department of Health Services for the health -related matters of � disposal. The Plans reference regulations governing the storage, collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste, as well as litter abatement. Since none of the cities operate landfills, with the exception of the City of San Diego, the discussion of facility permitting procedures is not dPtailpd_ Reference is made, however, to facility operations on those 1i operated by the County of San Diego, but located within the ji boundary of an incorporated city. A review of LEA Plans prepared by cities indicates that storai. generally enforced by Public Works, building inspection, zonii and fire department personnel. Public nuisances are handled 1 fire personnel. Copies of Local Enforcement Agency Plans are on file with eacl County Department of Public Works and the State Solid Waste MU XII-4 P Volume Ti wo, Appendix fl L 0 TABLE -OF CONTENTS -APPENDIX fMe APPENDIX A - SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PLAN A=Ai: REVISION COMMITTEE STRUCTURE -------- -------- ---------------- A-Bi' APPENDIX B - INTRODUCTION 'FROM ORIGINAL. PLAN -------=- ----------------- APPENDIX C = IDENTIFICATION -OF GOALS AND OBJECTIVES ------------------- A-Ci FROM THE ORIGINAL PLAN APPENDIX 0 - BOARD POLICY 1776 - SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL ,------------- :.__= A=Di APPENDIX E - COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO SOLID- WASTE. COLLECTION ORDINANCE No. 5726- ---------------= A-Ei (New Series) APPt'NAIX A-I-1 - SAN QIEGO ,COUNTY GEOLOGIC' A_I-1i AND HYDROGRAP.HIC DESCRIPTION - --.------------- ----- APPENDIX A-I-2 -AIR QUALITY --------------' ------------- A-14i APPENDIX 'A-1-3, - GROWTH TRENDS-------------------- ---------------- .:-- A-I-31 APPENDIX A-II-1 -MODEL COLLECTION ORDINANCE --=---------------------- A-II-li 4 APPENDIX A-II-2 - ECONOMIC ANALYSIS-=-----------------------; -------- ;.__ A�II-21 t - APPENDIX A -III - SOLID WASTE ALLOCATION MATRIX I --------------..___-_- A_III-i APPENDIX A-IV-1 - SAN DIEGO REGION RECYCLING CENTERS ------------=---- A-IV-li APPENDIX A-IV-2 - CITY OF SAN DIEGO RECYCLING OBJECTIVES -----------=- A-IY-2i APPENDIX A-V-1 - RESOURCE RECOVERY - , STATE -OF THE ART ------------------------------------ APPENDIX A-V-2 - EL CAJON RESOURCE RECOVERY _ A-V-2i DEMONSTRATION FACILITY ----------------------------- 9 d APPENDIX A-V-3 - SAN DIEGO ENERGY RECOVERY (SANDER) PROJECT ---------- A-y-3i ' APPENDIX A-VIII-1 - STATE AGENCIES INVOLVED IN A-VIII-li HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT ______________________ APPENDIX A-VI114 - HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION A-VIII-2i AND DISPOSAL IN CALIFORNIA-------------- _____„__ APPENDIX A-VIII-3 - TECHNOLOGIES FOR TREATMENT ___ A-V1II-3i OF HAZARDOUS WASTES -------------------------- i n i TABLE••OF CONTENTS APPENDIX r� (Continued) Page APPENDIX A=V-I-11-4-HAZARDOUS WASTES MANIFEST CATEGORIES ------------ A-VII-I-4i � i APPENDIX-A-V•III-5 COUNTY 'OF SAN DIEM �AZARDOUS MATERIALS•EMERGENCT RESPONSE PLAN--=------------•A=V-III-Si APPENDIX< A-IX-1 - 1ITTER,SURVEYS_____________________________________ A-IX-li APPENDIX. •A-IX4 --r WAR. AGAINST LITTER COMMITTEE (WALCO) PROGRAMS-------------r--------=-- A-IX-2i APPENDIX -A-IX4 •- SB .650, LITTER GRANT PROGRAMS, _____________________.:_ A-IX-3i ' � APPENDIX, A41-1 - MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATORS _____________.,______,.-__.. 'A=XI=1i A0PENDIX.,A-XI--2.--•.CONTINGENCY PLAN ELNENTS--------------------- A -XI- i ,i st p 4 i 1 ii 0 APPENDIX' A SOL10.1MASTE.MANAG,EMENT. PLAN -BFITTEEST UCTURE E XECUl VE' COMMITTEE Clifford W. Grave'§ Chief Admi ni strati ve Officer County of -San Diego Ray Blair City Manager City of San Diego Rudy J . M assman . f Director of -Department of Public Works. County of San !ji ego #' Terry Flynn, Director of .General 'Services City of San. !);ego SOLID' WASTE• PLAN .REVISION ddmmi-TTEE Jiro- Bzartel1 'Robb f,�urner - Representing San Diego County Board of Supervisors, �. Barbara eg amer Counci 1 woman Ki-1 l,ea - Representi ng San Di ego Ci ty Counci 1 j Terry Flynn- B01 •Bal.dwi n - Representing North County Ci t `es• Coun6ilman Jack 'L. Hanson = Representing, East County Cities " Nrayor Pat Cai l aitan - Representing South County Cities �Iaydr Kite Morgan 'Ann -Payne - Representing League of Women Voter's Steve,Buckley - Representing. Sierra C1 ub Joe Dietz Lee. Simon • - Representing Construction Industry Federation Clarence Boyd, Jr., Donald Flint Representing Public Works Advisory Board Lawrence Towle Chris Walker - Representing CALPIRG A.W. Anderson, Jr. A -Ai N.: TECHNICAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE John S. Burke, Deputy County Engineer County of San -'Diego, Department of Public Works Jim Gutzmer, Deputy Director City of San Diego,, General Services/Solid.Waste Division Jerry Schlesinger - Represehting•San Diego Associ-ation of Governments (SANDAG) Dave Winter - Representing San Diego Disposal Association -Representatives from 16 Cities: Bill Baldwin - City of Carlsbad Lane Cole - City, of Chula Vista, Floyd-R. Moore - City of Coronado Robert Nelson - City of Del -Mar .John Pizzato - City of El Cajon: A. E. Vickery - City of Escondido Sherman Stenberg,--•City of Imperial Beach Denise Lavell - City of -La Mesa Jack 0. Shelver - City of.Lemon Grove Curt Williams - City of National City James M. Reid - 'City of Oceanside Janes L. Bowersok - City of Poway Terry Carro i 1 - City of San: Di ego Mick Gammon .Carol Fok. - City of San Marcos Jeff Ritchie Stephen thatcher - City of Santee Chuck 'kale - City, of Vista. Nikki•'Clay - Representing San Diego Energy Recovery -Project (SANDER) David Barker - Representing Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) Joe Kaminski - Representing the 11th Naval, District Herb Sher - Representing the County of San Diego, Department of Health Services A-Aii %.f 0; APPENDIX 8 INTRODUCTION FROM ORIGINAL PLAN Traditionally., the storage, collection and - d disposal, of sot i'd..waste have held A position of iow priority in the minds of the American public and many of its officials. The average citizen's concern usually ended -when arba a ,and 9 9 trash cans were placed at the street curb and emptied by the 'refuse collec- Lion truck. The waste was out of sight and therefore out of mind. This nation has, only recently awakened to the fact that existing refuse dis-- posal capacity is rapidly diminishing due to a,constantly increasing, volume of waste and to di ffi cul ti es in finding suitable new disposal sites., In the j' past '50 years. the national solid waste volume has doubled. In the nation's cities an- al rtrost twofol d i ncrease has occurred i n the 1 ast 20 years. All of i the 'existi'ng disposal capacity of half of the nation's cities will be exhausted by -1980; Sari ,Di ego County wil'1 close more than hai.f of its current t Tandfill sites by that time. There is urgent need not only to obtain ' reelacement-disposal sites but to also find better alternatives to convene ,x tionai refuse disposal practices. Improved techniques, procedures and �4 systems must be developed to divert manly discarded materials from the waste � stream.-through'recycTing and resource recovery. The American people's newly aroused interest in solid waste problems has come s none to soon: The nation is now generating 3.5 billion tons of solid waste a' year and spending $4.5 billion to dispose of it. Nationwide, solid waste j collection and disposal comprise the third largest local expenditure funded by local revenue. San Diego County generated approximately 1.7 million ,tons Vf solid waste in 1974 and spent an estimated $26.5 million for collection, hauling -and landfill disposal. Only seven percent of the world's population resides in the United States, yet nearly half of the world's raw materials are consumed here as fuel or as components of fabricated products. Many of these find their way into the nation's trash piles in such forms as disposable bottles, cans, pack- aging, and yesterday's newspapers. Inappropriate refuse disposal methods such as open dumping, ocean -dumping and open burning have contributed to A-8i environmental degradation. Many local governmental agencies and departments which are responsible for waste disposal in their own jurisdictions frequently act independently of, and are not coordinated with, neighboring local entities. In such situations inadequate attention to mounting problems and lack of coordinated effort have often resulted in inefficient and costly sol,id waste management practices. RECENT SOLID WASTE LEGISLATION The growing concern of the American people about air and water pollution and solid waste management problems has found expression in public participation programs; activities of businesses and industries and comprehensive legis- lation at•Federal, State and local levels. A series of landmark legislative measures has mandated cleaner and more healthful surroundings and has made a commitment to- the conservation of resources for ourselves and future gener— ations. Stiffer air polluti'ori laws have eliminated most open burning of refuse and have spurred communities to develop such alternative disposal methods as sanitary landfilling and carefully controlled thermal reduction and to,consider alternative organizations for the implementation of improved �pr.ocedures. As early as 1956'the Federal Government focused attention. on•environmental pollution wi tip the passing of the Federal Water P of l uti,on Control Act.. However, legislation dealing specifically with solid waste management was not forthcoming until 1965 when the Solid Waste Disposal Act was passed. This Act provided for research and development in the area of collection, handling and disposal of solid wastes. The'1970 amendment of this law, entitled "The Resource Recovery Act", stressed the need for recycling discarded materials. Both=the original Act and the amendment encouraged the development of local planning programs in the field of solid waste management. The national concern with solid waste problems has been shared by - Californians, their local officials, and their State Legislature. A large number of research and development projects in the field have been undertaken A-Bi i I in this State in recent years, some in joint sponsorship with the Federal p p government and` some at the initiative and with the financial support of the State or local agencies. In 1972, the State Legislature enacted the Solid Waste Management and Resource Recovery Act in order -to -establish and maintain comprehensive State- solid,waste management and resource recovery policies and programs. This definitive Act, sets forth that "the increasing volume and variety of solid wastes being generated throughout the -State, coupled with the often gyp' inadequate methods of managing such wastes, are creating conditions which threaten• the public health, safety and -well-being by creating nuisances, �r causing,envi•ronmental damages,. such as air and water pollution, and the wasting of .natural resources." to This law created a seven -member State Sol•id•Waste Management Board within the California Resources Agency and prescribed its membership and powers. The Act recognizes that the primary responsibility for adequate solid waste management lies wi.th•local government and requires counties to prepare a com- +-� prehdnsive and coordinated solid waste management plans. Each such plan must be developed in accordance with State regul-ations 'and guidelines and must receive. the approval of a majority of cities within the County having a ,5 majority of -the population in the incorporated county areas before submittal tothe State Board by January 1, 1976. The Act also requires the inclusion of ,an, analysis of the economic feasibility of the plan. The Board was required to adopt by January 1, 1975 a State Solid Waste Resource Recovery Program to develop technologically and economically feas- ible systems for the- collection, reduction, separation, recovery, conversion and recycling of all solid waste and the environmentally safe disposal of nonusable residues. Among other powers .and duties prescribed for the State Board are the requirements that it conduct studies of ,new and improved methods of solid waste handling, disposal and reclamation and that it coordi- nate the studies of other state agencies. A program is to be implemented to provide information to the public on maximum environmental protection and on �- reuse of waste. The Board is required to render technical assistance to A-Biii rya 1 local .and state agencies and, to local health officers. Alternative methods of providing financial assistance to local agencies for the planning and pur- chasing of solid waste facilities must be studied. The State law also man- dates a litter study to be conducted by the Board, a report of which was to be presented to the -Governor -and the Legislature by January 1, 1975, covering the,nature, extent and methods_of reducing and controlling the litter problem on a statewide basis. Recommendations were to be made regarding improvements of public "anti -litter" education, necessary additional legislation, and improved methods of implementing exi.sting litter laws. The Solid Waste Management and Resource Recovery Act delegates to the State Department of Health responsibi_Tities for all aspects of solid waste manage- ment and resource recovery that affect human health. The Department was re- quired to submit by January 1, 1975 minimum solid waste handling and disposal standards for the protection of public health to the-Boa"rd for inclusion in the State Policy for Solid Waste Management. In creating the Solid Waste Management Board the.California Legislature recognized the problems that have resulted from the increasing volume and variety of wastes being generated within the State as well as from disposal methods that are often inadequate and inefficient. Attention was focused on these conditions because they "threaten the public health, safety and well- being" by contributing to ,air, water, and land pol 1 uti on .and to depletion of our natural resources. It was recognized that population increases, indus- trial expansion, technological development and transportation improvements place economic, planning and resource limitations on the availability of landfill.space. The legislature therefore emphasized source reduction, resource recovery, energy conversion and recycling of solid wastes with the long-range goals of preservation of the health and safety of the public, economic productivity, environmental quality and conservation of natural resources. The standards included in the State policy for Solid Waste Management encompass the location, design, operation and"maintenance of solid waste facilities but do not affect those aspects of solid waste management which are primarily of local concern. A-Biv I APPENDIX C IDENTIFICATION OF GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FROM THE ORIGINAL PLAN In the formulation of major goals the Task Force focused its attention on the 1 solving of existing problems in the region and on ensuring continuing pro- gress i n � mai ntai ni ng publ i c heal th and safety and conservi ng natural resources. Goals were determined in the various areas of solid waste manage- ment with the supporting objectives required to facilitate their achievement. l Objectives were divided into short-term (1976-1980) and general medium- and long-term (1981-2000) time spans according to pe"iod during which the most t intense efforts toward objective achievement will- occur (i.e., program ► development as contrasted to program maintenance). It is not intended to E imply that no efforts towards objective attainment nay -occur either before or i after that time. Implementation of specific objectives is dealt with in greater detail in the chapter in which they are discussed. r Overall Goal To provide a system for managing the generation, storage, collection, trans- 141 portation, reuse and disposal of solid waste in an economical manner, which i� protects the public health and welfare, conserves natural resources and energy, minimizes littering and illegal dumping and generally enhances the environment. # Specific Goals 1. Financing and Organization Goal. Develop an organizational system for .� solid waste management which is responsive to local and regional needs, adaptable to changing conditions and tee'=.inologies, and which has the powers to enforce solid waste laws and regulations, manage the system for w" optimum efficiency, equitably allocate costs of solid waste services, and obtain the necessary financial resources to meet capital and operating -- requirements. A-Ci Objectives Short -Term a. Identify andA mplement an organizational structure with authority and staffing'to ensure overall management and coordination of solid waste operations on a regional basis. b. Provide for community input in the policy -making process., c. Identify responsibility for enforcement of State and local regulations. d. Monitor existing solid waste activities and evaluate developing technologies and markets for reclaimed materials. General Medium- and Long -Term e. Develop an equitable long-range financing program for meeting capital and operating requirements.-� f. Coordinate solid waste management activities with Federal, State and local agencies, including adjacent counties. 2. Generation Goal. Develop and implement a program aimed at the reduction of solid waste volumes. Short -Term a. Develop and implement a program to educate the -public to reduce unnecessary waste generation through discriminating purchasing practices. General Medium- and Long -Term b. Seek State and Federal legislation aimed at the reduction of solid waste volumes. A-Cil c. Encourage municipalities, residents, and industry to support appropriate waste reduction legislation. d. Encourage treatment and reclamation of industrial and institutional hazardous wastes as technology permits. 3. Storage Goal. Ensure that solid wastes awaiting collection are stored in such a manner as to protect the public health and welfare, minimize nuisances, and 'enhance residential, commercial, industrial and agricultural environments. Objectives Short -Term a. Enforce State standards and adopt complementar;, local and regional standards to protect the public health and enhance community i, environmental values. rx b. Ensure adequacy of storage facilities and accessibility to collection operations. General Medium- and Long -Term c. Evaluate and encourage the implementation of innovative storage concepts. 4. Collection Goal. Ensure that solid wastes are collected from all areas of the County requiring such service and assist local entities in maintaining municipal solid waste collection systems, utilizing the capabilities of private enterprise and public agencies, at a cost_Waich is reasonable and commensurate with the services provided and in a manner which meets the service requirements of the public and the standards of State and local authorities. A-Ciii Short -Term Objectives- a. Ensure the enforcement .of St ate and complementary local and regional standards for solid waste collection,, including -service levels and frequencies, vehicle and personnel standards and public health requirements. b. Provide contingency planning which will ensure uninterrupted collection service. a' C. Ensure that solid waste collection service is provided in al.l areas' requiring such service. 4 ,d. Determine the feasibility of mandatory collection -service and a3 recommend implementation where appropriate. e. Provide assistance to public and private collection operators in developing,;safety and training programs. General Medium- and Long -Term. - f. Furnish assistance to local entities, in the, formulation and evauation of collection fees and service levels where necessary. 5. Transportation Goal. Minimize transportation costs and energy consumption, eliminate excessive collection and -transfer vehicle traffI c in all areas of the County, thereby reducing air polluting emissions.and other detrimental environmental effects of solid waste transportation. Objectives tives a. Establish solid waste facilities with due regard for minimizing haul distances, thereby reducing polluting vehicle emissions and the costs of transportation. A-Civ b. Evaluate proposed waste facility designs to identify potential traffic increases and recommend design, operational, or locational changes -which would minimize traffic impact on surrounding land uses. General Medium -,and Long -Perm Pr..omote improvements in design and -operation of collection- and, transfer vehicles, thereby decreasing vehicle. trip mileage and s costs. 6. Processing andReuse Goal. Develop and implement a program .for recov- ering valuable resources from solid waste- which will result in •a reduction -in the per. ca' i to amount of residential and ,commercial-sol'i'd wastes being disposed of in landfills and identify, reliable, long-range r markets for reclaimed materials. 'ter {' Objectives tag t Short-Term- t�• a. Identify processes which will recover marketable materials and ener9y from solid waste. Analyze•alternative processes to determine those most cost effective for the San Diego area. t b. plan for the design; construction, operation and financing of a } municipal scale resource recovery facility to be operational by 1980. c. Encourage citizen participation in recycling efforts includi`hg house- hold separation where appropriate. d. Develop and maintain an effective resource recovery public information program. A-Cv im ,General .Medium- and ,Lod -Term' e. Continuously anal yzemarkets for -recyclable materials .and energy. f.. Provide ,an opportunity for private industry to participate in waste processing. and resource recovery programs: g.. Seek State -and, Federal l egi sl ati on aimed' at the elimination of di s- criminatory policies towards recycle& materials and the encouragement of q portunities for resource recovery, including financial assis- tance. J. Disposal Goal. Provide a system ,of -solid waste Tand disposal facilities whUh' -wi'l1, meet the disposal needs of the people of San-Ofego County until, •the year '2000., Objectives Short -Term a. Evaluate current and future waste generation in the County- and, acquire and"operate disposal facilities which minimize adverse land use. impacts, while adequately serv-ing regional disposal needs, including facilities for the disposal for residential, commercial, and nonsewerable industrial wastes. b. Ensure conformance with State and regional disposal site regulations. c. Plan final uses -for disposal sites which conform with community needs. 8. Litter and Illegal Dump Reduction Goal. Establish and maintain an r, effective -program for minimizing .health hazards and nuisances due to litter and illegal dumping. A-Cvi Short -Term Obje-- c-- tives a. Promote regional cooHination of litter management activities and designate a Regional Litter Coordinator. b. Develop and enforce regional standards for the -prevention and control Of litter and illegal dumping. Encou,rage volunteer cleanup and educational efforts. d. Sftk ,federal ,and State funding for litter management activities e. 'Develop and maintain an effective anti -litter education program. A-Cvi i 0 APPENDIX D f BOARD POLICY 1-76, SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL. A CCiiti'PY OF SAN pIEGO, CALIFORNIA L— BOARD OF SUPERVISORS POLICY SUBJECT S0= WASTE MPOSAL --7 ""—t-1_. of 2 ose a To establish the Board of, supervisors, actual meat to seek alternative methods other than lamdfilling for the disposal of solid waste in Sam Diego County. . t Sack Laud disposal, of ono Sound or another has been the primary methods of deeliag Curr>°atiywith our Ccuaty's solid a+asta. We hava moved from open pits, to rise b7-, wxstaa, to the operation of sanitary landfills. : �'a haadla over a million tons of waste generated within Sim 7o s La�j� by, � Ci additional San one azlllca taus of waata ty of. Sass Diego. convenient ancud w ea to is not a final disposition. It is mnly a prablute of d santat� method of encapsulation, leaving potential by future gee formation. and settlement to be dealt with . In order to acromadate this waste stream, the Caanty opa=tes several disposal sites. The three Major sites are located near the urban area, the major sourcaa of waste generation. These three sites are: Syeamora a 500-4=0 sits located in she East County with a 20 yeas projactaad ` site life; Otay, a 500-ecre sits located in the South Couacy with a 20 year projected sits life; and San ,tarcos, a 200-scra site located in the N=tsCouaty with a 15 yeaur projected sit* 1ifa. The siting of landfills close to the source of waste generations has became imcraaaimgly dif-ficult. It is apparent that altasastives to this =aditioa:l method oil disposal must be sought. The Sun Diego County Board of Supervisors has historically berg in the £orafront of imaovitive solid vast* mmmagemaat. In 1972, the County secured privata on of the El mid public funds for the development and constructiCajon Resource Recovbry Demonstration Project; in 1977 an Economic Devalop- mant Administration grant ass obtaineti for the construction of the Palomar Transfer Station; and as the end of the decade approached, the Board is pursuing the Southern Cal.ifoLsil UrLau Retaouress Recovery (SC=) Project. Your Board has also supporter other resource recover, prothegwaaste stream andSuch an eincreits ase markscs supportlegislationto reduce sand finally aggressive public information and education programs, and Resource recovery is still an emerging field in the United States, Important experiaaea was gained from cha El Cajon Dertanstration Project A -Di V-0 • COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA L____ BOARD OF SUPERVISORS POLICY SUBJECT SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL and many others like it throughout the Country. While the cost of re source recovery appears much more expensive::per ton than current prac- tices, it should be noted, however, that present costing practices do not reflect a "total" system cost in that full costs for maintaining and monitoring closed sites, capital costs for replacement sites and Program planning have not been included. The benefits to all of the citizens of San Diego, coupled with the realization that true costs of laud:illing have never been fully identified. -make it seem prudent to new accept the initially higher cost of finally disposing of wastes through resource recovery methods. Therefore, it is the policy of the Board of Supervisors tot 1. Pursue and acquire vices for .transfer stations and other solid waste processing facilities, not new site$ for landfil.liag of solid waste. 2. Continue to operate and maintain existing County landfills only for the disposal of w"te products and waste residuals which can- not be accepted at transfer stations or other solid waste process ing facilities. S. Develop and continue ro support legislative programs locally and at the State and Federal level which ericourssga the reduction of t~ waste stream and provide for the final disposal of all solid and bazardous wastes. 4. Continue to snpgort th(s crmstrnctian of urban resource recovery projects which result in the final disponzl of mmicipal solid wxstas and other wastes. The production of energy, animal, food lm=ces or other useful p-oducts will be maximized as a means of off3utting the costs of disposal. 5. Prepare and maiacain resource recovery olementa in the solid waste program to include: A. Public information and education programs to encourage reduction in per capita solid paste generation and increase recycling and recovery. B. Support of the efforts of other public and private groups in establishing conservation programs, donation and buy-back centsr. C. Encourage the siting of industries which are capable of utilizing recovered products. Reference A-Dii APPENDIX E COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO SOLID WASTE COLLECTION ORDINANCE NO.5726 (NEW SERIES) ORDNANCE NO. 5726 (Near Series) AN ORDINANCE TO REPEAL. AKMD, AND TO ADD SECTIONS OF THE CODE OF RECULATORY ORDINANCES (ORDINANCE NO. 2020 IN*w Series)) RELATING TO HEALTH AND SANITATION. ZONINC AND LAND USE REGULATIOIIS. HAZARDOUS TRADES. FIRE PROTECTION AND EXPLOSIVES 1/5/60 flog) t LEE A-Ei 0 r 1 w • •p O .oi . w C �+ • L • O O f tl p OL • O i1 NO f« > O N7 Cw is u ao a V.1 sUY V qa U.NG o• 'Ow••=O• O 40 «G f«c OC •t•L 00• r cN 1q uaw • •O at r Yr L q«ro as p >.w >. rro C 0O O C «w O 4 0 t 0. Or a.N • 3 S.a a 0 O 4• 6N O C • •N 0 N a a 4 Y• 4 Y Of+ .M« C« j C 4 a 0 0-C r .OZ 7 p3 q• -+e•r R QU• •waw• •C• 4 C «o a C Oro a MOCu 411 OCtlNVUO • r g Y q 4 0 • 0 r Y >. 7• O • O r Y V } 4 •> O O U w L.. • y.. C .: q7 Oo«r Or4 ■«"0 ^w wq0 40 wrp YYaa roo ptl P •M 0 t, ONN 12 u j.@ N 4C 00 • a 411 5.607•.. �^. O Lr �] O +0G A ■a OUf ODUgNQ NU • U0« t.I.Cu 9 q■rNOmL k7L Or ■�. Oo ••tl7 O•YwP �. N Ow. Abt.+ 4u II Y..Y■ rYN r0•.YN a OY«47• Mw r •••�■ fqC •Yr • ■OMK•Y CU OGr •• .4 • a«C Ar«x•Or «r o Ncr uOtufwr0 tlOPr r O 0.••. 4r tw • r Or S-0 0 a GO • O w • a. •+t . U 14 . Or a= 0 a n 0 + C q ^ r M 04 U U a C m•■ .0 0 R O r C •+ « ^•• . 0 0« 0 w • yy C a c a • u a r C M O I 4 y w «q 4 O Y 4 w Q a• .0 r •ro w a G O.• O N Y 4 ro f w are a• U U• •«« rqt •N MN U ar . w 0 G.. r L O 0 II7 i o O r Q �.•. Y } r r 0 o N+ ■ p• • i s pp o pp N.. Y O N Y a6 o a N c x r li j 964, u. Q+ C r S.q \ AO.t % a O •� on Y C.: O0a 40w Owr ....V+. C.O 0A C • r �. M aa., 0.4 4S'.. O CN O .rN LL O N..« 0 O Y..w 0 xro C Or a Ya..+70 r-a 004 �.• N UN.. • rN OOro• 0a..C• r a K •.•+ 0.A 0 Y >. • V r r 4 O N\ Y M w O M G r\ w O h r a O V ••. u Or• q 4 G 0"tl • C U O a + D. • O O O ++ •• �� O e Y Y .>. •• O�> 4r0 'O AVp i109 or•O�MM \.0• Y \rV �tum 7 0020w Cw.. • r uw •a0.c ■ av •• • • ar ■. rL o.N •«••YI w• oN0 044 04 u• 4a0 CYrY wrou O gtro r40. Oup•7C s n tN@ u fj4T !.O •..0 O O •OM �q ■•Y DYO r3O Gr Co- r +QM• S.i cOKV rOr 4r.Ot N o00 •0Y e+.7 f ..4r • Y rt Out X.-00aY4•. 0 Y 03 OrV OC • ! 0u+. 240 t O0.3 00. j Ym Ya uOrw O !O0. A V«C •.b b a�p • 4a M C w« + wq Y74N \r rO UO Gr OwC U O a YL C- 49A60 16 ta Lao •O •A« Cq4.Cr«■ 3 UO.hC -Y. N N4•.1.•r0 -• r- I Oa C a 2.3 a pOr\ L.Y O Cl.- •N• dw 3N u YVt/ • CwM•O 0 .Ti•.0 • ,10•N ■OApNO to U 0 wa UpYw 44 •00«•4O oL 0 • • Y.. CU fY Q, rO• GOON =jw Y44O • • •>3CV au- a .00 a r• a O.NV O0 •.q4 WM4 r>N7 C.C3 Ct 0\N •f Y710 04A • OU CMC OY 4N Y u0.0-•. 4N L• • •A \N rV •N OOw• •R70p, r>. r •.�.2. rro r0•r■ OYY - .a • Y � • Y • oON 40•pa YV C« is .0 ..yr. IA u u t u 0 Yw w 7 U 4 0' O• • y • 0 s 0 -0 Y� Y 7 V.O O II u a 0 .1 U O.r 0 0 0 O C I u r•■ Y I u N« ■q {,7 • P G.0 -00 4 YL • N 4 4A O Or 00 T O•a... ■«a 10-0 • u0 OGr• •«ae0 Y447u0.rx MYA qt/. .+.GNO rY OOV w. O.Oq M•CO L c�N aN 0.4t0 d• O .7...w7 GO•+rN «1. p •. •4. ---- «NM O. M R \ Y N /« 3 N 4 e t w M r . 4.. 0 Y t 0.4 a« r1 A O Y• 0 O Y 4 0 Q a« ° C 7 0 O« A .+ a O 4.i O • %•O 0 • t 0. • w.. a» w O Vw pY 0••rN ••O VONrYa VOw 00 OwY4 OC La 3t +.GYwr0 G"-44V t.4rC O f• + p04N + > M • • Y O.74r • • q • G • 00 1 • iw 0 • t a O.wNC • O V W• \Ct s ■ fV A C N V A • A O ..r •.. ..• r .nr w V r •. O w O wl / M N Y 0 c a Y w Y • Y J..a. i �! .•i r • w • Y Y• .•M 1. � A Y � •Y• I•j10 O • •C • W N N 0 ••• a C O Y• Y M wNM O vCO CqM rwOUw N.0100 G uA■_ Aa•y 0.0. a'!/ w+tlif Y•.a Nru •CL A i Q 0 p C Nr• G •)ro+J.. f3 Y Cro O •� 0 4 rro. a 2 O 0.4 C t; 4• L S B O i• O.+ 4 Ci• x O a Y QL O o •« O N aw • Tr V 4 w 4. 4. y0 a 1 w O'Y1� •.+.•••.ON« 6. Oq Or 4 c O• 7 p4 >.47 tr■ •«C•s 00A .•YS.lq 01 •0 rp:+ OA r.•. N N r 0 •L u u o w N• G N 4« N M L C« .+ M Ytl�1 rM 7 p w ro 0.•«O•• M.•. +yy II r Y 0.Y C. O tr .p .• y wM g a• N .r 0 • O • • w■ G q «L 0 0. r.O ar O o••+ r 4 !. .0 • cA a Y•++• O o ww o f w 4�.ij Nam pO 07.ON•ar U4 000 "�•`o°C po ou M •yw`3 004ct.a -0-aoF Lac« 9 a W. rwo0 •mow0%6wam 09:a eN•■ • 4 o.0roC•°• W G++w x QQ >(� • OOA4 U 40 4.0 .L■ 0• O N O • • W• a • +. as N N O • 0. U •• N w w.. aw aOr.a N Y a u R • a G. MN U O l w « O 6i� O • Grf. al O.Ni wC ..y � •4i a r B j3 qN.•. fA yy■• p M7 i'4 a Y .•. Y ..; O O.rY• IIf.NO•r/OLOrY■■tOw 7•.Q a2a .. O War- r- ]t r N r t L U N• C r** N Y 0.> Gi f r 0.•'• a r. c 1 O \ O •O•r ONN a4. S.•+A SC wqp • S...w .•. « Y q a T•Y • w 0 u 0/ N Rf ** O.0 C • A• . u O A f••V K rOC Ua/ •Y• • r•Y««q \•+ L L ys p� q 1 n y sr . w d.G Y O• •+O 4« ■ O O u«r W oaell .i a oN.a ..s a«s« aQp ..rY4■7 r U o• a go 4 0. O w•N .V. a1• 0 •O aOHOa0'sr•j.. YI0 wC NY7 ,� N C d•tlsr • 0q•••u •rr JL • U OL O • a•a a 4 U• O w w VYr ..N«aorN.0 AVroCtlo.e 7...0 . ras 3 M a0..r .L' aC fU �°pp r... A•w �.«G..rV.+..Y• r w V C Ow K M td c.• OOLyy pw0 r 0.• w>Yq• ■ x r 0.a.7M• •60R a w■N Ou0. S.■w pY• •w Oro ••� O O ca0 C o 0• •.^CO••. O.x 4.i r •N ai0 do Y .ry 14 pY4• 00 r•M60 0%. 2. ar } J 4 0 0. 40 ••OOt •O Or ww4..e OyO • .•G• q r. t0 ON M yNN> QOON+. 9AV •�.4 rL.. r. L W :. J . p q •« 0. ■•.«r N a M 22 • Y> ••. K 4 V r A .0 « 4 •w Y .• V L w• M p SIY M GKl • « L !■ •O 0. �. 1 4• OCC« a■ pp ON COS.• 40 0.N«u •Y• Gp Vm q V 41.00 rOQ•M aONrA.. a -a .0Q' .. G..0 7UOOCr OI •• Y •t•.O UO. •4L 0.C.. N.A jdro C rr r at7M.G •••• r0«N <y • L f • SMOq • • 7 t • • C C a • • • • C • •u }Aq a«0o- 0 t� VOUY O+.4 IV O•NO • O\wd 0•. +7w L•O 7 •.••. dR7V atf •+.0. wq0• q70 a N« _ ■ ar � 4Gt • a« t Y ■ O _ Y t •V • b ...•� .g• q0 rN aN•4N■ar YN •y ptr O• wYO. •G •Qa OCf.'wr ••. aS.N qCY Q! r, .+U'C G t0 0 U. •• . Ur Y • N O Y a " N • C V Q • V q• C O N y\a a\ r rMa 0 O. •Siwa w ¢a\.r w•.c A aNB • O «N ar •" 0 y a y �,w O•C r n - a; > G Y Y U> a■ 0 0 a-- Y N 0 Y 0 0 r V YI T O O r • a.w L o • �. .q .•. • •. oo4ro BNbcr..iw■■wC•o>qc.4 ••ro r yw a • %C7 00Y 4 0 04L CC.0 .:Y y C ,Q 0.a•4 Y• M W . Y 4. 3 t :V j•• N M N 7 r A-Eii r Y ! 7 • t 0II7 yr LOI 7 `• tl•o■ ♦ J O C r7 v O Y• 7w oQ O l404 iOZ 3 4Y Q�M OY •a.4 M ]a!Y O. J ..•i ub C7!•A 4A ry '• 0Wy Y•.rA �Q r�rA • ..Oil4•• • .A•i Z•r••Y ••J• >! wO f JYO Tr • fwrA 7 a/00 Ob-0b OQ! Ct• 0• 4 tk a Cw � •A q'r • 0 � V ■ 3 .tww 7 i e+Ci ~ tCjbi 3 l.Oi � nL ! M O W d� 3 •y MCO 0 • x•b. 0 •7-0U• N M3 OgOg O.Q.Y O Oe.IL 4J !7 i y�v y O W • 4 7A0 Yrw44 \ ZYJOYO •0'd.+fVLO 4• 6 • tl 0aG 0•.Ci .�i ar• > we.•. Wia c a��a'0iri3iwM3w Zt JC _ iitl •• 0ti• 0 .yy 00 .0 • •+O.34� 4pJOri 03 e0 8 .+• •..•r$ •� L9Yr C q• J J /w+ 4 • O Cis • a V • f Q'Q C O.r O'O nw 4 OQ _C 4 r TS C „~+• •U a POwrw „!. 404 tb Or Cp.• 4.v ti �•C 7 0 •r b d.C4 4Y • ! Qrr• Z •b •J>4 •C M �..Ci � M O O Wr• C 4w • • • C i tTtrw p A .Or w /r O t46 Or 7• r U_0 O tl : +b a.. 0 • u C Y00 V Q r IAOY p bR�O ■ O .4itn .Z. 47 +1'.'Q •.C.r Ou ur P SI • O P V +l O. O.� py O O apt 4 •O L f i C4 U C Y 3d0lOC U ! O �. • •.r nL S b O G • •Y •1. C / r / • Cv O i C O«•i q Ow O / n.•i J! • 40 Cw 0./ M O Cp M O> V Z n a .b.'• O O uw prw 2$ tl C Yw. U 'A A r-0 Q-0ON 0 •VrY04 AUl O•-.•Y00 ?r r 0 0 a 0 0 •• � p A 4 P u• U• 0 0 � y! •P4 !y>! • 3 CL p1Y L • �O CC PM �• lN4Cr>CC••r./tly Ar .C. Y�0 �• 0• •Yi 1prr L• rOrwCO f IO •y .•^ PdP J• O !Y COW• yA f b.r w7 y�3tl�•b C3 • fCl . Or OrO> O.CC]-C•• rwC LC• q 'Q CO OJ Ow A POJ 4/ r• a•C •Va/ •A ]L d4 •4 V •4 4+r tV 4ZOUil P•Z 0•w ~�~ t �3Q 7r •3 017 ./•-00 4 bn•WaY •..� OUAY/CJ ■ At YOA M• M• ~~ GM IIO CO��•• n0 • lirr W/•CO..YLY W aq Cbp Q I Or tlw • •a/ qqOW t 60 ' ~•a Y•• t Wi.Ow QI~ �O• .CJ Car ! Z PY• C 3yL 000 w'O• m Or• ••Y• •/-0V P LC. :— a — I.CCC•• 010 /a•7•!•7i0\�.rjN • C t "1 ggGo� .Ai O aqO M-4 • n C.r G Z • OwRy 4 • • ub s Oo.+ • 0.• S to eAN AA• " �4 .uaA�e lO >! .blOv /.Ii�OQ�vb•.ai�a war �•� �•041"/YQ O40 y•�pQ a �y •e: •pq ..• CMYra.•r O. C.r ..Ui O> wrU 0 •.r • Ot O'•3 01•I C{00}I 00• oZCt WO• W • tq C!•040w 2%74• OOIOi q C... 0L: • O.O t am• sY-0 • K • •r•>i • 4 • ••3J•lbYr nO• t yo • rZ • y+j q Vl w v = n o a A O O 1 t r � r 7 0 • •4 • tl � S 4 0 Yb� �• J C 0 4 w0 � '' y �"0• A00.0iy il..Nw e!0 .. QCy .YiU y Wi •w e a O Yq L•! CO ,,:•y GJOC� O!!V • .01•y 3y ^� tlarl�Q 1 •r !V 4 7•tl Vry iQ GM•Q Ji0 >4L o 7Y Z4w• H .r VJ1Q •3 •� •r Q •�OiS•�JY 4P • 0L ! �• w C• Y� 4.0 • • ONO ubr G .C.y 6.Y• 7 y ay Y.y .� T O .•i Y •b !L O • 4 L' s GL+Ci 3iai 4ti w ��ad!•Q C4G O.•a a0i ; 0 01••. 4o aSO 1C16 0.. •-0 OOQ �r ��• .G Oa/ Ge ry !y tee• • 3tlE •.. . CJ r • O.Y 0 a iw+>i e 4 r • • •3'v •'1 A! • O 70 YY4d0 >C 0 sa rw 0. • W •nC 00� q r Z OOL4 3G•.• •L. C COON r4• CYa VrY • O'• ur •PArp 4 •!�. �y+•a4 b•V w3/-4-- •C• 10180. .•AO� 44 70 30rq 4 CM �•7w !•Q8 • 0 7•.•r Wes.• n47 aL3 OO•=d Om 4M 44COw OI •• C3•• �•WtlY yQfY 1. OIV•a Q:; 0• •b! >•Zu •C • •ter!•• O P t r ! s C... �.r• / 7Y �•f ONE• •4M Q4~ 7.tli a� y..4/ JQ 1 •7•.ii a • 'f D ■yO 40 p7 •v 3 •.CC "rb tl OV •O (Z."/iCY 3 Cr ! WC •$ > A ,r Q u! O C'~+zz e J b L: tl•••i y y o O 1. 1. n1 -• }I O r Y j'O 'J O •'O M V M W P 1 rC wL +1r10 7r " • .0Q.0 !v G444A C>• Z.CO wyi 4Q.-- 7• r• YtO1rV t �N 3!a/ rflYOo y"'• •�:AalYn • OY.Ce tQw •W`»aQ JA 6• iC.04• 0 r i0 fbw/L 6Yr V +•� tp •tA•4!4 q� •Cii1 Gr00 Cv r> SGO*.G O Z i� �A Y t.w Q • pp•4 40 YC 4lNJ N�rY W1� t >• e.pt• ,•C� A PtOj •�Yu Z O 3• /!Mr 4a/G/ •O.•. Ja40 0 VO•• C13.Ai Y0aa4 �•a� •t A9•�! f .Ci L= Z • OJ Oq A r r ryr ! A�0 4 0.GG Y00. QY 0 fY iL iCy Qwli 111 • PC 7a1 Z.r y �Cjy b170 �■ •rIr 3r 1+1 Ci n~iYr C � O •?. r 'i L • 3•..• • �b tlb SLiLa m0sp�j{C•i yOaY•a• a0 W•~i •�n7>r4di ta•W•�t�i OC 41•C n O 4u0 ?4~r ~ u p> V! i3 i 4 tW04a4 •ac i*9 p r y N 9 V c: E2 A-Eiii C•0 C O -0r y rMQQVON y0 r•.y+y • �•>Oa YO a a>r. C O• M10 In N MO C1-0 4•r� O>GO rOu ` as. OOO�u•ramO OCM,40- Araw0C YAO b P.0 Uy• O 0 Y r0 NAN 7U OO Y •QO 7 CrL L p ?wV 4 OATIL OOQOr«4 mU Gq?4Q /L U YOL .0.•try Nw 7r y4 �• b•+MLO - Ca ra, �•L• •• 7 {O.yyi / •Qr NqqN fpp I.Ot• N aw a '^04 GA- S1 f144 .tW b7 •C f30 N OO ry«N\� m.�7-O • •C�. • Z Mwr/• -U aa. >...y?• 4 •ObQ L•0 Or U r W ryWON OUN OOYL 1�30•rr7ti NA?w r0 QoNe 01 J wy bra « _ m0 " m•7 rs qw• N Y • Y O N O N f Q 0.%r a 0 0 a q Ci N >•y CA a q .( y b : mr ar r Nr OC 00 .H+ F{..n OM•YN U'gi•N b>...Ce4C4/ Zu47�C.1y G V a C Or CA U Or ri m'Q7N / a r ryww yrr C Or Y u 001• Ouf A. U r frNUCO Nya•AA Yww w000q CgrfW -�• ? r kw •yy wO4ar V Q ra .0 O 4.0, A h 4U La\U S +• L>. A Y •G 4p f•N { f..7p0 Cb.;C A m Oa O G�'4 •wtl 0 CIO a O PatN6. L• SC1p •C_ YACrU <=L•}y CY� mrr p070� N IjC •w« 0.r0 0.+U r• S OYGO �O r, "•O a 7>.U« U -OL a tiWr>/ Z7•C•r OLw 7,A OwrO-.+ • �CO>. A•4 >•d. a F mf.:Na ad ..«q poN 7r JOO F Lyyu y i40 r • • • • p, aL 4 S O O++ Ow • C Cw r Y • co UL .1 S«y uwy . 0 0 0 r 0 l O aarm • r 7w«w u o $ 2-. • Nw art • O O.Gi h.- / P... / • Cr�.7L C• O U• •r 0 >.arrr a yrr �. U m y • • O a 4 U L CPU i Y Ow a 7 U O Y C..wrr • C f bt • C-N • ■goo 0 r • • 4 ! 4 ! NCO y20 y.Cm4 r 1 IC Or 7r0.0>y0• h••wNyO �0. ►. Lulu NGp 7 >y p0 r 70 a 0 .y OIOC OIIr yt....« ee O 407afO,yAW i•...ai O A O q y O:yfLq.y..G. U II •? O aw. • pa 0 S�•1 02 r C u Sr • C O tlL Y • W w• r p-> O? N j r 3 �.r ] O Y 1 O J >• 7 N«.ai Y.Q.G. = C 7 CwN mop .Li a p.y r.r qr •w ? Y hid? ••. O r0 Q-a U F. h•:•Or4 /er f-00 F•+rbw > mr•CN Q pp V VrCu Cti 7.••.y■Y- F 7 O /O.O frwy �rL Or arty r 4V-C O ••f72uo O«Na LNa00YrU >Uwr OwwN 0 rGa I a0 2 O Gt.:N0. •r00am 0 aWr+000 Y S•fr7 Y .30 - •LC tla0•CM { U RyNOO•Oby O aY ... wl [u9pcaJ• p Jw4O • ,pVa AN •O• b ON•. C-. -•Cw4 /0 m4y4 Yq-- Y OOACC pd r r H a. >.0.A Y O c• a- 0 O Y o ur +� �KO>.A rsU ra4j�..Ai e]]C O mOOr ON \Ga Oy•fw 0.• a my NN m+O. r>Ow -UO OQ h �Oi..OcW •O �K lrr Vy ? '•• O 0.QQ • e a 0 a r aoi yr 4y> r1 aapp FNwo t, • 4.O.r >.G'0 .r i.o . .4ryrA 0 e4 14 GaM f M10{O!r• r•GR ■ Oa• O •1 AyyOe •OL■ rr>ey00ga H pp GGGggq 1C ,.31• '+WMYy C"�U C..\/C rO •Y G q •004p 0 ptJ•r. Nw0 YCY �yy 0 „Y 0403 r• U O N bYr Ya>.Y Yfr K• OCO • a1 C N r .•. Oy U r r O O 4 m C >... •w 10.0-0A O •« O- O C I Y • rJ M4 a as y 0 0 A N D S' � .24 `• •• r a Uw• 11 C r •• F 0 a ••O- a 0 .aam o ry.Y aw, tt 1 .O r a -M -1 .0 r y O >NM p Qal rOiA .Ni i+r+ r Cr•0 a a• 0 0 .8 S Iw- 7 a° 0 >.N ••OA 0 Ow- C �~ a �7NIaM F OV OAtl b4f-C •p U •OIO GJiNr OywyG O m 04 •a C4N YA ! aJYC -. rr0 •COOL •L C W•0•C u7p u004Y N m6. y02 10, Y1N 10-1 •N 0 m� p • V 21 .4w.•0 Z.1t> a0«y0 3.0 OUr.+m ay ttqqU aaGw• Oo.+U•7 •• • fYr yOr •• mY N Y Ax OwQ�y3+>I� p•rN Owry N�rf•N? 4 MN?O 7w• r.:A S.' 4r10•Ctl 4w•Yy WO7Lw UO>. y N O a = a Q y.O w 4 4 ti u prom 0 0• y •0 I C.II wC 0 0.C.+ N .i Q p • C N • w w F ►ai • • I M N r • j• f..•O M pl•i •Y L 3.O O 0 f ^n >•1 Y Or•a Z Yb •r a;.` Ay 4 •0 04 4« -w •a -LiC i N u • r mA • • 4L V i 0 r.0 r O .�iN00.1>aOr ••a •w0. N h\C 0. r 0 Pf YN C[ tut O r.N Ge G>.a Oy r o 0 •-0 7 u q i G� • A O r o . C4 • U e o Y M• f i.y ¢w C Ur qq•n C .• Mr i 0 0.0 ¢ 4e. r u OL 7r • Y O !.Y • Yw a f U f M U V., >.a • 4 a• Y b Nr t p a 00 Cl. uCOY Oa 4 «N y •0N7G0 �C 4 JCa 3.~•lrG�4uMC«Nq h6r oo O p do •M • p a« • .. oo r O r 0 o f w 0. •r•0 p••0AA • a/• O r� u N• O.1? { ..MAO a aa4•fU tS 40'1 -• M.40 a a, ..CV. 0.Q0 p++40.0 m•q Oy ■w elyr La 1a •?w Oaa • • MrCP V•6a V• O G OIONou ra M +? O O>•ypA H00.0rr0 Al. O.0•]Of4. 4YY4ry•M¢ w • 4A �w uq CiC >.+1C (yy 1 O.�/4r •y w> b O p+1y O ON a Oar Mw �O'0 O M-q y y• O a f M pA v a a. •• r C e• 0 O« O r • y 0 4• r w •w•• C OQAYO C -0 Cwr. 60 •7yU G3 SA OA tta*,- .0f 4♦ •q 4 ri -U* Va •44 •++ wCO0rg1 m raa/• 0 7 G .+• fL C>.Ua •• O •�N MON r« •r 4a r 0 y•O W aru pU 11.0 e • Oro -1sw 0.0.AN • C ONN MY N\• 1V •a L 1 •rO r• Gr07 r NU Cp•U$o O RO mw 0.00.•agr 00ON ayY •y CM>,re 4.4>.a0 •C N>.•aA7jI1 N¢ N•o• 4 yCaa •7 ••y •0. ..ar0OyC mLrQ 4>O ar C', w Y ,a mwCNj a N 4 0N.C 1 I b M OA a aN rr 6 Y a _O •- Ow w .� 1 Or ayef • v 7 or- 0 r• r 0 0 4• e C • 9 > O r I •? oo b arw • Y.r Rtl • O.• ••0 0 O U•C.w •w 1 O Or .t Lp7M >r4CS .�6Ua Y0+0i Za pV• al4.0. •«7 >w• 4 C •r H hh1t 6NN4 • N • ay:.ay 00. • Ow q CrVyr O •r0 M �.O 0r,aufa0 5.00 60 VIA Mary « •4..• 0 0• w?>w¢NO ••,001 0. N0•00>•• w•y C N r4>c• tl40�0.ON7 •Y A. -040■ N«Cra1 bA . MN tl 4 0 w N Or • y • U •- a.+ • O a Q • pL' • O 0 Y ay >.II ••`• OC1. y0]OA'QY y a-0 U= <4 0 7 Y yY cO 0YC"a 7 jC•w O��O a r>1,.N? .3 • 3O,"a M II MU y ay yL �aA r C•a0�p aON OQ.U-0-",a t'0>.•.HS• a,Or wap O .•.N l40 •Uwyy yrr«N• 05« 40C poSO Orra ZyCyd •��A„q.�f>OpN• C li6�IOtl I+Saa •a� 0.0 C4•.IN•6y H uq ••q .. l. ;O 4¢4 •p07A 4.0 +C.yy r U Y a 0 4y 0• • 0.4«r T j 11.. 0.•gr • >.a O W- U U- 0.N YwN LO4 O=21000.��� OUy a»O 1Q•O 1A• O OC7• >• •-77?f• q)aCiMO•�•+ .q0 O O 7 ••t;a..V memo• uor C0.0 • 9 •7 V C C 0 Z's yji0i.au S s o a�.ear 4 i0bC L r • i0• r vOax tlx .- aC�4ah VYO••{a�3 RN ty e•COOi•a Ce>.0 7.4 Y• Q a• C CW J-0 O U f- 6 r N 6 M .� >.y .1 a ; a C Mwwt N.0 f a 4 C•. ar m • 0 m p• 1.. l g w a a w Y r w C w ..._iii 1. • Q a .. N Y m V x ,C • j Y q • a C• C y GN i4Y ua9111O -4c. k• r0.r+0a0 0.p arm K3 •.54d r yr•- OOyw ouo Nu4w.y- mry4 0 t O /tlt0 C �Yr• A .3 F4ci f>O>V 0•r ■i • Wya 000 oN ONq 111L tl0 UAw•.? a 7w Y oar-aI rYwN e••aw Y4.Oy Ma 7 Ni ••0.0oY O3Mr•ta eUa ft-4 x •Q AOr�• 6V myy a1a1a7 O .Y IIL �••wr,¢«w - bj0 2•a7./a • -- wOaI O0. a2a0 A Cal 0. 10L ♦b MQpr y>r 7 rr0¢ea • OCNr MY wN¢eVY• ON a7bf OM OG.am 004 ••rrM uo Y 04a •O n•1r•«y ?• NU1 •aW FAO u4 4« N• NYm-(eMI- >--A M h O7r Yw644 NOC oL O4 �04a •;00 a.1•w 4 Cr 06 •� aZO Oro • 04r Ow••O ••OyL r: sy a0 • •t • a - •r •raNN - •rre0'O Or\ •w a r u m L Q y- py log a• o rw .• j: v 4 7 r.. O per+ • r r r• •0 • 04••a4Y• i7rC a2 OeOy� • y }•N pm qRr qr O Cwer 1 4 ppf O rr Uw WN O 0) 0 Wy a C N 0 u a r0 .ri b • .w U a•■ • 1' •w a • • at yy •A O • • • • • O Yw Mrr Ow QL a a • Ob •Aa C ] • I•C 6 mw 9 .p0 4•Y C iPr« m �> Y r? rq 4NC S p•rf Y.o owrr• >,.•c..e a.o•a$•uo•d`roo, oo3•r •yw i4• Yy wr yy/: ea0 O• •U Yyo aU pcur�C 70 �•nICUyM •p• �O a F•{• O• • oN a yy err a 6• ?>•1ir p 4 {p�y.• ? pY O1 a C•C 0 @ ,,¢a 1- (Y.• • • • r A r • > >. r Y pL tl1a�a 0.0a d1Q y$ X•C. al siu�, of 3.Liy :+M+u Ov.. •0i:•o O.aisi A-Eiv • Y ' r • O ■ ■ t• Q Y tl • w 1 6 Yf ■ • '• 6 i •� 1 Mr • G C.°• 4� p a... • 4= 4 f O O f! r C i N OYyY3 ON •+?y •P OO.Q OO r Yn4.. O" CYq tl wy KUL tl7 r V Cy M■NA o •.y i L 1r • O a y+OrO ■�d0 uY awav •y p °.A•.A {M wwr L'a • 7 C •OOYC1■Myy• • IC+a O.O Y.tli •••w •� • 6■ • 1 > M 4 a !• ■ • A•M i O y Y ■.a C 3i0'i 4•°IOY4� ..r4uQrr$,•A • .°r/i0u 00 Y 7y0 CA R• Lug• on•°.i • Ow• �'�>. Lr{d ~'O 0o0 w+• a• � C a COI •• OIL4 •A L !1 U1i?° tG.Iw 0>r O •.1•i.wuq aA OwmP \°. •.P. 0-4 YYUC 00� YC •N aLrOrr pG a4 01p Y1.ONr {NAI OQ 7f u ."u 00.••w j� �• • .wy O10. Y • (iLAA 4POr•7 MY >U N y • U. OA V N U_ ° 1 r Cn. O C C • L • a Cq Si rw C4 P\0.tl O/ a• • y{ >.R_Y wQ O 1 po•�V •C71�Y O.O 4a i17a-C NIy> AV •Y J�Y Ya•V8 OU{ 06 + .iYO•••I{Y...• •0 Yr 0.r.- • L• f3M4 4 •UJ MOi.7i CaMC •GG 1 Y 304■0. �. Or •�. M.r CC 0 Pa■y N./ 04 •U ° °Qf O.t+ f4lu ay> aOy a::Cl 7u raOra• Cy1 a•3 aOOu CC>14 0.f N • M.-O 0. V L f •y YOIM YI•••.0 .pO w Oy M•.1'•O yMi?�yL -A- CJaprC MY4 •:L Op• UI �1!• •L O.•aN .°i0{ SIV •Or p• O.•+ G Kur >.!N•a • O w4 e1 M w O L AC O r cOt •Q..v 4 �u YO.Oryy U•r 4Y°r..0i> 4•!r CYLt ~ 4a- O++Y u Cw .a 4 6 .�GUr ■ 9ZO fV °•1 °+• • OP • .�i rO 40. •O N■ woQcC., VY 0 4awrr« AI 00 eAG uo a 7.a■ 34•SC h r■ dAia BJyia:v0a o qq O r4>1 MY rAi34U Q-0a ae •y 6Ar . Y 4.. C•yq 11rrI ?uqa 4a3.0 YU740I !• YC i.°r Nar4 o Mly.y Qy •+/OO r4� • 4y 0 iA ■ ■V (,1•.aia0 O • Y • C 4a.a iS a..•• Qti h1 Y G / C:1100AG .A.VO .w CCC uaY■uQa y•�1 ■A4Vp Ow+OIrO [ rrY7Y OC 4 S>0• C0 Ou OaGO ■ InC ••Q nMr L aa•4C•r.Or u3 •M ,y 4 • I.L> t 00•4 < YG YGVO1 iY YO■O yy °OO.Li •Y Cu ••tt •i+rgT H. •■GP •w4 CO �t p�4aA •Y 0. 0.4p0 •0. Oq C•.lya r0■ Co 4 .. .. MYY(1• w!4 r7r ?••±w O ai.•.L� ppC o■iX (UI .. U.Qa • •yam C a• O? • YYO ♦4•Lr• f•7 r a 1 r - -N.:�tl .. Ate• Oti'• NG ar /Y• M ■ 0 Goa/ Y •�•h•y J>•r Qaiw •/u 44q C .. Y.a- P. 4 GO•Y• fa10 •■p.•. M N yA .ry MNU • .= rO 6 01. CY 4 • G C 4 ~ fJ 1 aad•• pt lu • rr C OL •Yqq •A 114 • p C G w 0 4G • N■C> Lt 0 0 0 w• 060 O M y.. y p� I.r • .4 Y S U G• 2 0 O Q x q 0 2 Z�y ' i Y y ? M p M C Ow••0y I°6ap Qp PQ■sM fS•u•OO�04 Nro Op0j,• _ _ MI ..•. >.q +•wr •�V UC . :. ~ QQ •4J0 rG u4RI■CIII■1111Oy at1 •.O R Oy PCQ~! r r r 1•na .044 7 N ■ r 1�r rG u s NC.a• ,q A t 7ar7pa 01C.Qi~a CrV h L 7 O WY O• 0 {■0ar Ol8l as uI •ralO 77M • r q o a tl • a a • . a• ' q » ° 1 0 o°14 in >1 Y M • O.t GY O y 4 ? • Y I r M { q ••w AY 4 • • •,_, • ry • • , y A r 4Pl 4r >.y • • Yr 11.1 • 8 •s Y 4 .. .� 4& a • •r1 a 0 ■ 0..r •_ •a►+r 4 gr•Iw LA ■r O.M Nr • Y Y • w Y OI I >.4 N • 0.y O r 0 1 ab .,•qq pp N 6 >.r.+w■ ,r y • Ot N• G.gOY•+004>.4! n 3 •.r • 204 U .. 6 0 Y•.a Y O L Y M Y ./ y GO A u ! ?.. 6 oQ �r 00 • r P • >. Pf Ya4Va O y u 4'0 Mr.Y • •a4••1•�Ow \r O.O • i3..C• .00M LrtalMtiJ =�•!ya CO O wow• >••.I rl•4 Y .. }.V •YlOr a• C Y•Y. > •!� L•OILQQ yqw •a Or C O •n3 Y.+ Y OLr ! L M S • O OLr ! U C ryL a'�r aA dlO 0 a...• • 0 a O •YO■O.. CI ..GG ••+ �• •w O rr Y w C; 1 •4V Lr00.a O •• ■ •y V • • ■4q q •t l•d •wC 47 r I ?.• .qr ci • N•7■ > •a/ p •a>.a °C�r OGar•y Yw. V •QM4 ►CyN� 40 ♦ !3 •rA OdO 01•r�L • tl• 01aMwO •.rd a•O�•L OI {A�L>U 0.• nwro4Yry�•60. rtr 4�. Y OL OS.AOUY 1iq M.4 . Y I ° • 4• Y 40 • • 00 ■wh 7 C aA •X Ni wq4 N>. qSr a- ■ ■ayp O 7 7L 40 •L ■L r oJOrO OC M YL a•1 4 • • Y O •�• •7 ra4,JV ` ■ r Lr• 6 M r •a/ 1 S■ i • Mw UO{ 1•ww1 LS Vy•6.a •• C A■ O Zi Mr a07 wC dr T Y-0.s Q O >. a w� P •yur• Oy N•r.Nl 4'O 4 4 /3 Oa w..a r. r I w M 0 6.. I Q 4 0 •r Y ° La+ %• •/ •.. O N M 4 CC 0 0 4 O ar0%*UA { h >.,{Z Y• A• rn Y •i L+1 I N-• 0. Yy •O Oa•+Ua7aa N • V w u 0 r• w O'L {.'. 11 w> r• Jw�4 M O r.. G• ■IpQQO L 1�. dOOYgr 4q 4 C y y y> .O 4 U Y S r h 01.:: V a � • G r• 244 cJr4 4aP •M N• J A M r •Y •U • 7 r• V X••y'•wlLa•I �7L•■r pi M r 7 •.• 74 r... •Y�Op1 7 f •^. ■+. w Y U V r G 11 U� L Y 1�Uic7�{Vr°�a• .100OIC100.Ca•1•• y V• 1• 04Lr atltlYg• 4>4.r•C .a.rYc •/4KE-yorUa lrr..�t�<0i N GaVN aML 44N 0.0-0 •Y ♦{qY 644v•a•r.>•.. r ?r M� U w? g 3 U• S t 0 • r .. Py •a .1 G• Y q Yr N L y r !.' C.+ • 7 •Q • O C Cal.+ O r Y 6 P••I.+ GO.r.Mr. Ca 1+ • •. •! Y I 0 •► U L h r.• i a? x.•I O•n a w a 1 • w• N •�Q • • •.O>q t •• Y ./ \ 4P0..O •�•KA f•>rNV °• N O.Or U 00 ••404- h •2• Y 4 •9A ■.• V V N Y4 i ■d • N sa 0 0 �S YA • • y N• V+OY ate. naa U7rC,C OOrAO>IJ sr4 3VNW W.� ua J•+•+ O 1 •r u• • Q Y6■rP■�• 1 •..Ar I •r•.Yr .• awtlO Y�■o.°. h b ��w.Cf oo a •• ?■Yy0 r'•NYr•r Qa .a7 aA Aa OJ • Kl 4• -A O_eu 30.•w> 4yl Ot C U aN v Y G .! 6iw•GO C■ j PLO G Y•O4 S OryO.rr41O UYy4 •>+4 U. h� GYM• 1 Y ICJ 2I aA ar.lO Oar•IV O O■yUV [7 Or ► M ? n YV 1 • �•OI.LO/60 f, 3 Irl ►7a■■■Y Yr WLO Wa00U•ace • o ,•:yao :►aAwb 0.4 s •■q• •0. �• P>I •• uL• •• •! Q r •M t11! rr wy=Cr rG •O •.la •N av n4Y■•r •Y{i. O O!■.+c Or IM ■?OL i.■YL Op � Nr w\••r .+Z Ia a 3. 0 70w3�T0• 03 UO '•••~Y rf ■•ON4• Y.0 .id r•ly •.17(ON.: M r >•1.Ir nNYY0.04.+3 jON u.• q Nr • tl O\ 4 Y C y Olq O N U O Y y Yt O Y 7 a a V Y O.q 1•.AJOOM■Y N• C Y r PrG AOi?�. .4= A4N •7 ►NOM •A 1 •V p 0 y •{qv Y•t Itl qr{ p p. aN •\w••IY • Y r47A •V700 •••1 V R■ w O • •r • >.�~.Q.Y P 1 •• .Orr Y • O aA>N 'o a4 a-.r • O ■ 0 O•iY w..V40■a• Or>. •1 t 0 •YA C .•r { >•Y 0 a • Y>YwrLX ■ 4y Y�,A i•.•r ••.•r •44 A�M4 44 My ULO■L 11i YV° U4yM•■wy U •+IYU b 7a• 0\Mi41• y,a •r pr ••Oy •d YS \Y) \r� w • •�alo.l arl yr Y..lrr 0CP.a aRY a a wr•fff 4tl 116 py 'sl Y O y P a • Y•C C >• i •n •O C Uyr.rw CC4C Or r rr • O > ',! ••• (1 r .4 YIOOAr •LY1NA{i ,I • �r PY U •O y .,• Q YC•••Y CJO !. Y rl •.. a a ll •n ^a aCAr0 ■�Yartr P >UN4>QAO eya •[. rCru • .>Cw •JYA •• Yr •AfY4wr••C •CI /C°••CC3, 0 j{ "��tiv+.wr ■ Y•• • Y U •1 { O A..Llw7{OY..t •Otw a Y Y r S i OI�J 4 Y• U Owa • .• 00 Yp,pYAla O••• 0.tJM L• V Jj'O U w p� r� Q i O C�YUG t •q •W q M ■waa•.r O°4 PO.O°nr.• OO.iW•Or A-Ev 1-# Q O ✓ ' i1 U L Y C 1 • al a Y n • r• • Nro aU O✓ • a in rh Y r' a w0 L•• � • K r • Y O ro>• 71••-O.3 ✓> r Y 4 O W O M H O a r M c N rL O>» a 16 s 4 J V _ 0.4 O• ri q ••1 >• C U f M AU Ow••>•a r L• O •O Y• ra> Y Y Awd 4 a ^4.0 R V a�a as 'O rLY 1 O •• Y4M '0M•44y vro 01 6 Y AY• Z- ( r YYw 42 rC • U 0ww •N >•3TA U, 3S• O Y Y • r•4 O•• a • r (a a w • I r N Y Y Y Y 4 O r i Q••IM U.IY00✓ • • Jr Y Y Yy U • > P LI 6 r 4 ••• • 0 4 •x a a 01 P U 7.•dr4 O.Oiw O « Y aw0 w M« tl y j Y0 •w Y t' d •4Y O 4 UO L U C 4 Y Q.Or;. A Oa.•i • A te.w Po___o r • •y Y•>. • Pu 00 a OA Q O ..• y rr77 a.; L Arr CY Q C 4n a 4 U Y• C • 00.0 ✓ 44/0 ra 0 7 +. N C O• L Y✓ O 4 U rl O-A YC 0•■1 V r0/Y IL O 0 V U •r a Q d 1c ( ri0 Orr V Y 3 CO r� r« •Or• M4,O •Cyy• yyY • r V M ..• .+ r 1 •a•ra Ua ✓ V ■C Y fr A O W ! • wrY Yam. ;it ■MO • 70 L ~ oOp V haY�� •0. 0 r^! 4 prow •✓ r1 a V ►• M■ r r• u!>> a •r Y a• C r w �a« a a. • 0 6 ■tl� C o•a00 2Ly` N•1 O ■ • W11 ✓•>. • •+t�V r4 4 y• • rl G • O. 0.• • U f M .••• O•✓ 40.�3•J+� O• r Cn • O Yw Y.CI A•YY .+ q>.� C YO •O • O tl LL O •A• L ■ O 0.L.•SO • V M • • •w • M'a •J•N Oq O 1 / • .. !. y V �• 0�►• M Y r.a ( > 0✓ 6 C`- YLtro ✓✓ OrO r•4Y Va• •� YY • • 'r 0" !• O t • cv r O•rCd VM 0.> qwa ro M r■` w O MOrw•>•V'1 4 0•S• V4 Y O U O• V w LL ►• y1 a• ~ rr.�O.Q 3.Y•� Q aY of O>. a 00 r Y { O • GU r •QY • Vq>.! Y ■ M► r Y • Ir argl7 A V • or 4.W ¢•N Y 4yY YM ■•U. 4G0 �O•w a 0u 4 WW sa 4 Q • Y Y Y A •C COs V✓ 8 O O 4 O GM •.0 U O • V CJf�Z •Q 4, qr a C C•aO CN 0. O O • C Yr r r N ■C rC O Or+ r1 e1.0 O OM p✓•✓ C 0r Rr/ Yr U .cO •'. aC ✓rpVi •+ Q Y •Y r 4 • O i • M• . 7 •qti 7 1 U 9q Y Y • ✓ H� r✓w O Y 4 ••+ Ov r 9 71• 1■ O O • ✓ M U «.0 raw Q Yr a G Y Y O w O RO .•./ « LM y>•r a0 U •Y a • ✓ V G • 0 0 • C • 46>C 0. • O p ••+ GN d� r• O • ++ y7f w 2AY p • a0i • 0 0✓ Cr M ••X >Yn >O 40 Vs0 r0042 �� u U ••i •� 7 r • • M 0 •,Q PI a 4Y 6 Y 964 O 00 •r 1. n•P•-0 q C a aM >1M •••1 « U •� VI M C Y O a O > a V_.• • 00 U • U v O 4 M 4 � q • ■ {N« Oti Mr pp U E 6 Y ..r•d •„�• MA pM N YY 14-• aL a✓ r.OY a•V a •V ryr.00:.0 {t3 E B Pa/ � R { • •1 M • •rY.•r Cro y V•� O ¢� O M .. 0 N M C r w I r CC • 0 «+OuYeLO�7 0Y4 a Y•Yy v y v+•d+ `.. ti NiYoV0. yM"0r0 `•yO•qo• D. pY ..r V•.•[� v w6 v .,. •1 d 0 C w O •r .w C • 6 Y •0 *■ ■ y ••• M Y+• r Y M O ml N 0.. Q a .[ S•i LOi•.� V L Orr C.0 Ji n • O4 O,M •� a 0 • C O O v U✓ r w O o a « « .a yr J Y a •y 02 GM y r YAi 04 iQa G fir. .00 C 1 a • • P t�• w44••YM UYr wY •�*{wr0 t! r A �C A Q • ♦ W•C0 MYaR w r• Y •+ CYN Y«S-r• O �M LQ.aYa�• Y rV MY 4.0 •'� a 4 Y, a A q « K >•+/ C a O+J • y 0 3yY rr O «Er•■Yu+.O M 7 YM y qY Y rA i4 PY•0 pa LN r w6 • Y 40C ■•+ 4 yV 8N YY • O.Qr 0a•Or■•O CN • OUrO rpp • y .4-4 }q� .M 7 ]•Y Oro 0 4• 6 Y C U+� r d Oti 4 a O 3M roa aMV00. O • «tf 0.0 YQ o• •a7• C• PC• Va Y• v of V rou 0. ro •Or YCI�r Ci•.s7s.� 01U a6M.C• YA Y3V 3 as rr ??G3 SO >• 4. OrOPer 4• Y •rnN Yw y /r•40 0 irV • rU • U C O,,dd a• all a IIY4A •4 Y•• r a a•• r r Y Y«` •r4 as i O +• r v C P aRYMN C0. C••/+16r/r1 ry• 6•i.rr cO• M • • 7b AO V aY 0 a ( as a-0 PlO O4i Uxr0 Y Y• r •O•t aC 0. C 4 U r• r L. w.0 / y M\ 0 •Y 2.4 r« L y I� O O G d 0> /« O • .■ 4Y a.d Orr a yr • 0,..•.•� ro aV • tY 0 •r O •ar • •O 4V 5ro d N 4 C q y Q Y 4 •> « N O • C✓ arl ?s 0 • Y,s • C a. 0 0 ¢ aaI r •0..Y YLV a R a yy a• ¢ OP ryQ Y• Q 3r•YLO ay qr..pp ro •••0• pa • Yr Y O • r 0• YA ..c rl a • • M O Y a a r •..• a• M 4 C O • UV• ■ •N ..o Mr•O 4 !•!.C•a MOr• ../ i:Y JyaO a+• Y • O • "1 0 � O U y r 0.V a 4 Y 6 Y C! U •a Y•• a d N r d.0 a 7• O l 7 C y PY O• J r .r >/ a L y Y ••1 Y V U Y 4✓ O Ow«Mr{• I V✓4rora 4iY ••Yr✓ YrrV 1t •• •••• Y Y� r O•>• Ora L0 0•«• 4 0 L LL CrrCYC Y Y•O a L Y J Y•Oya 40a0arY.+ a .1.N •pprlM�a arIM 6A O>• >0 40 raG>A 0s 14 qwa • •8..• YV••YC • w0 rw OOQ ±� a p ✓A >/ M ■ a0 C rA •Ord«� 8MU N•r Or•O O • M 0r as Aa Yy0 •••• O !/ M>.M NO O rJY40.a I CY C■ QO qM QY • R �w OAO •r OC ay COON Ya0.1a7•a V M$4Cw w Yr 00>. VQY ro 1•. tT••O rr A• �qOC • f r/C 0. N~• Ny _ •a• rrYro r dO •r Y O YOi •Y C •COrY Y ✓ O Y• �Or 7a O•r v O•prr 0✓ Y U-•VroM �•dYY Ox •� W""2 O Q•a C O rV • r.r j • •'4 Yr O Yr P•YV a OyY Y 7 a • C O.2 • aY x• .0a •0 4: Y Y>P.O Y40 a O .r- •r 0 ••+0 0 r a •w.+4 awY• Y • • L 3 • v• 0 r 7 r _6M 0 6 3 Y r r a Y 4 A Y d r 4• a Y! •+ a.G 0 Or C • aY 0-"N• C 0 w t C >• 3 Or • Q O C ✓ @ w r a« ).a Y C • 'aM• • Aro r ar r aro Y 6Y..q-•M ( a 0+9. ii i L • •r .O y r a C r K M a •ty M Y • Q••~"/ u roq I • 0• o 0 N a u 04 3- r a • 4 •• • •'• '+ a • 40w t1 ✓+• •� ■ M qw rYy 0 Y a! •Oro./ t G C 4r op rr • ax•a �+3 rYa.Gro•■>•✓ • w • aa. aw r13 0 YYra«O. •«rrraUd O• 0 i S O O Y r 4 Y•�• r> ✓a• a 0•• a Y w 6 { 0 r .0i Y >• Y 6 V O•.Mr r •O aV >t tT•> G M r3 O 4O•••.aV CY U• y0«•.9 4w• •Y Y r •.•0 Kr r:« {agc•d•a-C. MY •r aA oao {au3N o+/w YaUaMaO• {00 • U./ f411tt 03 4•ry a• r Oro MY• 07 .+� v &• « u • a✓ • •tYY4V-4 o 2. _ • n w0 ••M YIr Y d • { Y C R ♦ {¢ a Y .•i • C•MQy,Qa O • • F A Ol✓ Ya. O.�-0Yr• r v +• J ♦ r r •.. • p o v �.� •Y r�i 0. f��•.+at� •u � � O• .Li� v6 i •YaxS r•q •Liw A-EY1 a M � a • • Y •4 • b 0 A a M Y� q4� Cc• 4C C eaa y v O d n Oi.4ix ~■ s •M.•.�tAJ•• G .4r ! Y • P •a OSCsn M Cy 6• S•i 4 •M A4 7 •'+:1 SM YO.w AO •Q7 • b Y•{ O y 4 1*I0 7 O >ru a 4M • wrw P.Y O M0 OAG Rr AO MOY 6 . 1M0 w� r O a1 .• Q / Y C M 4V 0• � 6 /r O« pr 4 Yfq O w Y • $ • O A .� • C! O Y O O.•Y7 � • hM•7 ur Owt 'O 4�y aV �„O•«O• yry QV 6A 4w r R E 's. 10� 0 C Of Cri.w. OyOM Y•• 1.O_•«O ` Y+y• E • ~ 0.+fEY700. V4 .q PCi•al 4, C,:•3 Yae�ca 08 •A O•• O 7 �uO 41 � yr AV !41.30f. pLa•iw i uric ►7O a�M4OC y • •N• O 7 YCr .y 470r• KA 4 • « Y♦ po R U - G 0: a.0 • O Y V� fS 4 0 Qv erg w 0 L w R• �A.I� • A G Y Q• '�N O o 010 w•• PO U• O M r P V It• • ..f Q.0 Q M V • }.IVY Y I» I aJ «OfwCO .7 Y, 0.a�>,Q C� OlC Y b0..•w N C7JSCM • Y46 OQ Y O 4 $W • i�i++ 4,C• �6¢ Y y3 ■•' p �q�$y 4 d'�Y ••i • 0 • / S3w�Qli Or../ 7• �N S• r•MMy GOOM77� 3�••61 i Cra t, :� • / 4Oo V • w wwCal O• J •..1 {"Vi�1 - O 4 • h LAY C Y tl MV G •hO .Q • •;'• Cw •COY .f CIO pr ■ M4 Or y Y V a 0.71r•a00 S q C S Cua77 C31i0 •a N 3.a O O w U O . N• Mq« .+Iu 01 / •.� • K • >. ura M Y Ir • a0 • U V C C r a • Y y O •G / • Yr •Y a .7 N 7rw / Y 7r ar jM A• O� E .. a YA vwaM ••o .sy O O•tl•• r •3�010 �P. wQJ«•• •4AA OI O f/ Y 4's w qqy Y d O r !i0f/r U >.4/•0 .•y u O M / M M Y r a o M 64 Y y• Q/ .0.4, '� A Q•.� Y • 4 O O O awl Y xMx« O• O Pay 4 • •raoa 1 Cp v6 YaQs ; y • 0 aY QV O ¢ Q Y O o O.0 n QQ•r�l�fo aOiY Y•OMO OC H• •r Qf Qr.. C7 (� x .� L1 O ♦ p tl O p �J Aia►s� r a•o r •.aaarey ce ow r MY 8 a •MYA Car •� L\arV •ylba Y« wJa •• (� 3W • • O w A M f•Y •A Y "�u OY M • 0•Q 6• 6 a 1.1 q OII C r Y n 0 r+ U tl 1 w O 4 E a /w 0 fCSV G 4A •�'�aY p•1 • O nL .Q a*f �j{..14 �A r P w 6Ya • .. •L! 77O Yr.yO?� "as Q- .a. N 3 a.•! iflr •A 0 71 C • O °Cage 7 0�p Y 4• O N 1 • O I O • 0 7Y 7D• �Zifo + •eroC6...Yo' a. .r Q r •+ oaooae•y w arvi•i _: A A r•.r4.p•tl a• .^. �+ I M OM O/ 3 - M AMUllr • 10 « Ma O M a • afQ•a.0 6 0 0 C Ol.0 r.n /r a • 4 • • Y O A Y • . C O M •. Y M O w O r P 4 1 q + Y • O..0 • C• n uG y :,coo O �0O•• 3 ww .«a E+Ci p spiMasiww 1 in • 0 0 •.•YY i 1 A w•.�i .IC Y.~i I Cerra C atl 1« 3 s w A •• •A•Y+ 1 hYtla70•Nr01 Oww ••tl.Cya.i�la O:�a L �• �A 1.tl4yM0 C •iOaa!OAM •>14 •Vr YO•u {= M•r.w • R 0.iSNs •QYO 6«Y 4rC�•°V YY •OY tl !••4OC.•1 ya w K •-•• 0 O O«00 04. 6�0 u •* '0 LM•• v r A A 0 0 a• M t! U •r y Y r V M a G• P nuoGwiall�r¢{JY Crwi «r Yr:O �•y Y A •OiOIcLOurwCo w O•'�'1 .0 " f O! h M• A a 0.1� Y MM Y C.Q • O r0 uv3,0 P Ar x CwA >f6u • 4 Q ~ aw M • O O.C+ O O •r 4r Yr O Nr ■>•o O aYP .. Lce Go Ma w ptL • aYCe0iM Y.».IY�r 4w~i0 Ko !1a V« 'y • r pY d100..K ari0n . a W3±•OIO,CCA ypoqM OO« pju Yay"n"a 00� • u i 14 KPof` y a.ii.4 o.4ioiiA •O »a uirl aoo Q�tl " o M �. rY• .«Y r. ss L O 7 w /Vr•4 wu• t fJ[.r4.31147r Cq •� 5••70.q�Cr O• • u U KOVO+fu Lytu A » 0 02 q O .0 O• • O 7� 0 r u M• OI CAM • 4 M V• ^ A r w'M • O. U• C ,C O O a O•• M �0 7 •' 4• •.tau r'O ou p •. U 0. as • r p C M _in u COQMY M•a0•• a•• 7Paa '• uC Y i li 0ii a-0 Y O w ! w L• Ri a• O> Y >.�I Y w 3 • Y O� b YIQ I M 1. • .iw >Vo l i«• yw COy«r10w �f•y1 0 V ° u NA •A CC CMu O E` >YC 40. «A4a/ O.•4Y O,d•- Y> r•O. wr ti • r • r Z f O K al Or.acOq• O 0 uOr at 1• C�U • � Y 0 4•a C0 ! tlla M O aC Y O Y• YrC.nV Oro • 7V O 2�4t C Or 4 •.0 Mr ■ O Y O r yS C •1rA Q W h Gq u {• q N w« r 7 A 0 4 .�.0 »C•Oooi N.c0AV "-a �•~ •7 tlu 01 ti •• i .~► L <.O O.Iiwpw.br.• • O M JC O r h 3 • �+.r C 0 r'O C� • .B .3 P urr4p • u•uM a 4 S G>M �1>... C X. r• i 4 •tl 7 pppyy� Y Y 7 i u G of u M N G1 ( Y .'1•GO.Li .•f a O� r M> t a•¢ ►xi u.w / a.0 Yr I•~i� i G wif 0 •G7aOtl• 4•r« E'•GN•rPQE .e 00 .� • • 06.0 •Ou4U 4V Y Y • • Y••IG Y 'C ••>" A osiv u 4 { G aAAaO u0 �•QY 4 Yy wu•«.. Qp • 1.0 Y • O • 0 Q C .. r ••r ry r..: CAM • I Y q ~ C •+1 OW y �•: ✓•:UYw4•wM�7 YM•Y np„p .r a.p+A.awu Orw >4 • .. 4 11•««CO..OiEI y n ••c wOr ai 7Y jQ aU2.0 n: •iiE4ra3 •Z 4O i (•7 i r�ti Clr.4i yq 0y°y Q e CpO�r > r• y • .6 rY0•G u Y • C •C rr•00 ■ w V a0 a• •• pppp,,l !•M O M M V LiN.r M rr &a h Q 11 r II Yt11 a 2.•~.LM w.uiA 11i M4 G f•i0 IA » r4T!•�•OCY ? w0 h000r 4fA P,• 7 6340 0>•o rL 4V OgOY u CC03VM0 P OOrrV>u C U•M•C!•r C Ya0YuG Y ! C •.R » y Y O 0 1 • O Y aMr PI 0.0 0 0 Lj• IA3• V•00 ~• cc 0'" asiMaoo•r4a.» 0'" .~. .fir Yl4v.r •••YO. ~ Ga0/3 _L a.a •C MQVV C.A �3u 0 au r / OIU ••CO N •la »>6L•31 ■CuY a.ru hr 00 ryY•U•r O.0 U4 1.Y a ,,LL• .i4>I. 4C•v7.4 > C Cr{7> 3 dGu V it wi O•OiCS af>.GYlO.1 O{Y �4•C•60 •rrY A 44014 e-a]••.. laAGi30 /a uUt03 Q4V •N1.MfJ wOw tl, ; aVq�+�Aa I M A-EV11 O w aLi . q w C 0 4 a C +• 0 2 C- 001YaC o N\ 44 OrwhAC a •ri u 4 •r ? ••� O a G 4d •GL4 • C d aad.^O • 4.Oia ir0.rr u Z.«-•G a W 3 TO wz-. c a« M O N V: i-.4 �•.i YC a :s o a `� F L«tl 9 nl C3 o t Qr.• . O w-Q. O C-• C L U0>•C w > r J� C 49L Yf q 7 4M U m 00 • \« io �•ru q• \r 4 ♦ w Q U N r 4 4 O NOa O.Y tO 7YU 1. C r N O a •.rQOA a U a•O n q Uz O'•GJu tO)O•a CU! • w r i i c •° o a a a ;..a O O o"• 6 3 :. r Y O.O L u L u w 40-1 !O«'W" OSi 244 CQd frQ"i aAF�C .4.°ta13- Y ! 0-0eqU CA 49a ChL �7 so b • O x r «? «9 NA Rr 4-1rd a O,� C Nd .+u o•+.dIQ40 A s V c.. �Ri17CQw q> r..7 rti r00 >.«4 n 'j4aA a-. Cx avr 4 Nqq«%.d aq aY..a+N J I oCy,G2sJI4 -r1•-a 0 Is 27 ••OGrU+O.�f Gi. ra•. r\ • Y 4 Y N 7 7 r r Naox r •a 4x ;•N Oc•r« ale r QIRR°A.zq-°•r�4a VOfi O'O 4L41 •J 7 .C. �i u•4. .•i.3441 sv a« i~ u O i 4 u u a- y C - N a � a'w�ooroa�:0- u Z as C a o C 0 O • • a. 7 Q Ord 8 C. N O« 4 •X �U00 a 3 u•. - a • Ow N u444aM• O O •.Ow4 A 400 Qw0 >rr«•LOV CY •:+r > O r d L 0 4 ? •+ 3 N a •r Or U•. sgsuaoaO O C « • e \ O ...+aa a&A •� \ • O 4r3•a OV 4 O N 4 C n L a a 4 a« r d«> oA a N r Y+rO�O 7 Q C q O r t V a..>a4r x Q a 4 d C a 4 o>osgN -� tl ON 4rf 41iNNC ■ 4 +ON Uu -1M it L a C AONL Y IO *C a" O N a° g r• N A O.6 4 O �•N>>a. • $a''+U \ 0 4 oG oA+C 4a rL 7 O O 4►. q�ra.o+s 4+. 0,4 Q Nr 4 r O L O+ e• O U rd Vac rL « LdN !j> 3 ar>• Nq O L 7 tl O O L ceuHJa\r 4 G a O u•• 7 4r • ` •eu Ast ar O O� ? roo • ••� 4r 4uU a•-d.•ev qu{4•a'C •O •ar:l4 u••q 7 r ur -r tl 4 ■ O-• C C YOf oOr 4r S Cnr U 4 4- « O r 0.�q •L r 4dw yr u 0 0 0 N• >. NN+ UA Ou >.ac U• u « r a NUC uu 4r•=N r oodQradp u 4r N«L w (� 0 « r« r34 QrN C .. •JW aIN •-•a O O 4 4 Oa 4C a■ G� �� C4-"r fr•rr OQ Nw 4r «r 7 N >q Ud o d rOv ad Y C C t rrr.• ow a N N r Y Q\ O Q O 0 a uo«r U 6 0 4 4 T r A-Eviii r 4> \ d C« U u N U N 4 4\ « 0 0 4 Vtr 0 c .i O• V O 4 N •« C C 'tl4 0• uy N Y 4 u C O q R a 7 N« 0 4 • U �'••� • C `• O C u a agog N 4« • O w J � 00au °aye :. u«4 Yq a s u Q A r> 8� C« Q o e e. X > a« 0 C. 0 C4Yp • o+r OCw 3 f-.O s .Qq Y c O 4--.- « 4 Q N 3 4y 4 M 2« C 7 40 afi r4 r •°i 4u 7 7 Ciw Q7 a3u Ata.� MO Y OT rfr .y g u s 4 a, O W 9Oq ago. I-u O0 � O Y - N C O a W y M O a a u« 4 N O W r L > 04 O O« r r«« N O> O9 �y Uryr Oar oc, 4 a N >• >.0 74 QW +•+OY 0.4=c Nr we C•o M 6 r O yx� taY WQuo.°+ NN44a«7 it C O r 3 0 ! N + V 3 0• ` C N a~ I. Q V L N r 14 a r y r O o u b n + C O L U�y r0 70L Uuv caN Od N u E u wvf OL •ci O o.0 u u Q. tl r•OQ I a « « 4 w q Q « • a • wi Out! �ii ai •tl.-4•.a,4i•a• � O N O b°• M 4 •Y Gas a. C>,Ga • 0 f \ \ r o° e i e• Y O Y 40i°ro�t•70. Y 0 o i cr.Vd u-«�• O 4r R + -4 u 4 Ode.+ w > •+4 « C D a 0 a C 00 O Q d Y> U 4 C 4 r a 0 4 a 4 NLN N a.Nd ••O • •YN•7 ck C U qm 4 u *« >q 4ww°i -«++4w Q•• G w a a �aa•aaora°4a 4X • N-.O aN0> O OL• f •A 4N4 >«« O C Y• r V O C w N .4. a a a M u u 2 14 ° r.0 7 L w0� w O .. ... 0.4 . a. O `YOA•4i44V C. 0 4Orgr • :3 H C O L 9 C• C A O otuNOr4- a yya• O g N Y N U 4 d C 4 n r a 0 C, o• 4 A Wgd-o -+ •uu C. ar«eAC •0. rasa 3C•c Arw••�Nrq- A- > N r r L Y L a r< u • O 11, .5.22 •u 4 0. ua 4 • u o o a s A c o•r..«s • e:+ur30 O w4 Cr Y O C+ 0. H ar • N • O a • « Y U r al nLii�wP\C• �rrL • O rt • O.N • ♦ « N No= C Yq • O 4 4-0 .� N r C+qh 4 4\ c ofwew C O Cr -�t OY C « .i •r �. Orgr 2 Na w 9 jy.4i •O a«4w•r 4 O > aCa 3.a aca0 `••uq�7\cu 0. 40.+4 w r CNr to u w•O.Oa ar•4v o A r C q u G.! G° u • C Os -• ra A a r u u+ 4 a C^ o+ tl tl Q\ O C U > d a N m a s > N o r r a •q«•Yauw�� C 4 r C • `+. 77w O tt aN C CC CIO-• O o 4 0 r N tl O •• 4 N V it C OW r • red •o atl 7 f N G 4 Y Y L O V O 0.7 « 7 r 0-. no�•r•r•0" h« O 0 O C«« CZ • �C •.0 s O Y-•q > • - r r > a 0 0 a 4 V C Y ti 3'03 T a z�f •'Q ee iG N O y Y 7• Q ". v 4 a C c 2 1 V 0 40 L r= .oar �.o, o•a O �eG M f 4 O Y O YMf .....• fwc as. ca•o:1. 0 0 a 1/ 1 0 • p f 40 O• zM v a-16 MIL yY4"�p • O y n aMw O OYw. [CrY { aM Z p U! o Y C 7 N M C OU CM <.e VatxQr 64«Z74 w ova uo. f w .�i s•. \°. Q ICY [+anOb 64 va ]twanvl°•0. O 4<NfgM r 41. o � m 1r«��5u eOsq \wt 7.1i ko V I E„ ~ O zYL a Yo• :. C Y A 0 •R >.r 3 •'O4 M 0J4 Of O OQ y00a� e' 0 r v< Q< 0 Y cc •1 % 4 4 O C.Y Y YW a U w 0 • A o Y d a Y • N C •A rM < aOiOlw 0.f0 0 <r ON O d =. = < r 0 1C.Of 0p0pptlA4 f�O Oa• Y•Ow=La .+ aU •A+�O 4'O pM f f 0• t YW• pO fti Ol a4Y pp4 ° O'Y+401z•A } Y° 01 O. 1,00 Vw O> 0•0.�p•rY4 Nai'tYM Or 0 0 < • I+Cf •1Y• C O U111 00 G- '• 0 4V w.0 O C •YM pf? aMY U 4A OGM Y al• 0 0 Y J \ Owu 44 ry f O w 132, y c..0 aw fM4 C J aw f t RL u'Oq .L is O,+vl 96 YL CY O.°iC0 • aa• OOM �00. OO s p^•OY�1tt OO{°I4J Lv0 Oho a O N 9.°Ii.0. C aN1 4..Ci ~ 'O u • JOY r,f 0 ^+« °'„� H i o 'V a L .� O .� .1 t u GG w~u 6L-. M�� as �. aL.Y.4 Y a��„• '� Ow N."%a y>r LOy GO O Sy•,sr T JC•YO 'a0:�9+ M0~O Ytl LCa `a.y r~ 34<O U-C M C Ay 4 a 0 .. G O V' Qx OC U 4a 7 f f O Qb OCO F401 cf^ rC CAU 4 ?•NO qfr r0 ,r ?9.O f•+Ow •Y.; YCJ g01,C O.�i 1.6 wU W0 A 80wOa7 V+t1 9'aJ B C 4 O PI O O a 1"1.O M 1 ,1 • no 0 \1 V 4 O O P Q• C. C. C V i 9 :�40 v'MO 0 '7C q° Ow CL 40f ar C'�70uM (°j �yw aL-0 i07a J'�C'9 a 4w loj4C •wG OJ.ai C4 AO 00 OYtl O tf O q° y 004 Y a 0< OCO70L4 O 1°.07ia C �;U 9� l h y G 2 \r 7 '7 „�.. 4 7. a n. O L O. O lw •r 0 vU _ O C C• <r U7s0 9?Ud 4L • CL'tl ^ nr 4 wM C 4 a.. a•„• 0-0 <YA Lu u x U a o O•+O O sA u Or .0.1 av G®u .Ci V••O .O. .�.� DppOL<OO O.•i .+ 4w L'..Y 4A 0 2 c Cr- r30 as y00 <F7c �Uy 9-4 +t1,c .o+> J 02 M c O Y 4 4 0.0 !t V O 00 O \a•I•i -wip . a O .r 7 .r ° O r 0 4 a °9.Oi0 C O 0 G =m Y V ?I R• 1j _ y C O C R J PuA t[14a 4A 0.9 pC< COS •Or1 'oAa°u J= Ry?yq Cya uyti �'• O 4 -JO- 00 O UOC.. Of«wy0av Di6 4. 70-1I r6 •c' eyaa oaa� �"�"' toA ea a°psi .w 'e ti=•uoev°-f. 90N I IM u0a• a0.cc c° ..~ie`r a„0•�� 4JCtl �~ ° -.44o0c ; BOO BOO IrKKKi I Arm] NV.r� Or J.y -S YOC* 44 < 4M C U O.G .`. 94 0 U pOfUN ° 01y i1L 0 U— -'O C O a tJr -. W a— r • t 0z-v 1C ar. a. Cl O M 0 3 Q 4L 0.0 • C• 4 a V U� v1 0M .laj v-+a 4.°. °i J uo. e40 w^o -C• 0 0 4L tloo «6 G Low tl 9 U O • t.; 0u4u�.ag:. ~a W ...A 0yY �CC.�r c 0a'-0•L.ViuM w N n r •cup t a a:01 U 7 L U .J.rC OY tLC .9„yJ« .. L4< `+4 mad t O C 4TC �.}), N L "• ^• 6 0 0 V Y> •r Y M �' .• J _ ?. U 4 0 a O U •+ 5 0 a O L L SI 8 w 0 O 7� r 0 C O O GO w 4Y <4 7w O NM./ v.1� Q.r80 4 '� L o t 4 rCM u4J YJtL UJ `a b10 OV V Jw•w 7.. O a 3 wrp �OUOOr 3 A U C r 7 q Y SO+•g7L >. O a A-Eix V Q h4 Section 9.6. Effective data. This ordinance shall take effect end be'ia force thirty (30) days after the data of its passage, and before the expiration offifteen (15) days after its passage, a aumeary shall be published once with the name of the meatbwx voting for and against the same in the San Diego Daily Transcript a newspaper of general circulation published in the County of Sea Diego. A cartifiad copy of the full text of this ordinance shall be posted at the office of the tt Claris of Lho 1oasti of Sugnrrtaars, 1600 Pasifle Hlshuar, Loos 106, Sea Q:ase, to i Cnlifan ua with the aaeaa of those rsuoarvtaora rot3as for and a{alast the ardtaasea. tASSV),.APPROVED. AND ADOPTED this Sth day cf April,-19fl i r Chia n of the and of Supervisors of the County of San Diego, State of California The above ordinance was adopted oy the following votes Suparvisor Thomas D. Hamilton, Jr. voting •Aye• Supervisor Lucille V. Moore is absent and not voting. Supervisor Roger Hedgecack voting 'Aye• Supervisor Jim Batas vntinn 'eve Supervisor Paul Eckert voting *Aye" ATM = ny hand and the eeal of the Board of Supervisors this Bth day of Aprils 1980 PORTZR D. CREHA►tS Mask of the Bosud of Supervisors By 4 tri tchal Deputy (SUL) A -Ex APPENDIX A-1-1 SAN DIEGO COUNTY GEOLOGIC AND i HYDROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTION 4- Geological conditions must be considered in planning land disposal of solid waste. Classifications and quantities of soil types frequently restrict the a locations of acceptable landfill sites and may also determine the types of ' wastes that can be deposited. For example, areas dominated by intrusive i, rocks which resist weathering are r,nerally too rocky to provide adequate cover material for landfill operations. Intrusive Rocks ,. Non-waterbearing rocks underlie and are exposed throughout aluch of the San Diego region. They include basic intrusive rocks such as tonaiites, granodiorites, gabbros, diorites and metamorphic rocks. The most widespread and prominent of these are tonalites, which occur in the mountainous areas in !. wide, discontinuous bands from the southeast portion of the San Diego region !� to its northernmost limit. Granodiorites represent a major portion of the I i Southern California batholith. These crystalline rocks, which are resistant t> to weathering, form some of the most prominent hills and mountains of San Diego County. The San Marcos and :uyamaca gabbros, Viejas diorite and other intrusive rocks occur throughout much of the San Diego region. Outcrops are usually massive and form some of the more rugged mountains, as in the San ' Marcos and Pala arnzas. I Y: Metamorphic Rocks t� Local metamorphic rocks include mixed and undifferentiated rocks, Black Mountain volcanics and the Julian schist. These rocks occur in two wide irregular bands which roughly parallel the predominant northwesterly trend i of the Peninsular Range Province. The bands are largely separated by the intrusive rocks of the Southern California batholith. Local metamorphic rocks consist largely of injection gneisses, quartz -mica, quartzite and associated rocks. tom, A-I-li Conglomerates The Cretaceous marine Rosario Formation, exposed in the P area, is a reddish -brown conglomerate which is overlain by a series of inter- bedded sandstone, siltstone, mudstone and conglomerate strata. The Eocene La Jolla Formation, consisting of the Del Mar sand, Torrey sand and Rose Canyon shale, occurs extensively in the coastal portion of the San Diego region and attains a maximum thickness of 1,650 feet. Overlying this formation is the Eocene Poway conglomerate composed of pebbles and boulders largely derived from volcanic sources. Mesa areas are capped by sandstone, siltstone and conglomerate, along with some tuff beds. Very coarse -grained sands and well -bedded cobbles and boulders are found at the bases of some sections. Pleistocene sediments consist of a variety of materials. These include older alluvium i:l the coastal areas, continental semi -consolidated fanglomerates in the Pala area, and consolidated marine and nonmarine deposits (silts, sand- stones, and conglomerates) in the coastal areas. In general, alluvial deposits exist to a limited extent in the county. Alluvium of recent age generally consists of unconsolidated deposits of gravel, sand, silt and clay eroded from the surrounding highlands. Geologic Flaws In addition to soil suitability, areas of geologic flaws or instability must be considered when evaluating potential landfill sites. Two such flaws, slope instability and earthquake faults, are sufficiently present in San Diego County to require their mention in this Plan. Montmorillonite, a type of clay very common in the coastal section of San Diego County, has a definite impact on the area's slope stability. This clay tends to absorb water, swell, and then disintegrate into a slurry. San Diego's coastal geologic formation, basically of sandstone derivation, is frequently unstable because of interlayering with montmorillonite-rich bentonite. Figure A-I-1 shows the locations of known landslides due to slope instability. Despite the difficulties posed by the presence of bentonite in landfills established on sloping terrain, it should be noted thit subsurface bentonite may be highly desirable for specialized landfills. It is particularly suitable for the containment of Class I liquid wastes. While the County of San Diego has not experienced any major earthquakes in the past 200 years its coast remains an area of moderate seismic risk within a region of high risk. A zone of faults extends from San Ysidro through San Diego Bay, Mission Bay and Rose Canyon. Fault lines present in the County of San Diego are shown in Figure A-I-2. FIGURE A-I-1 Landslide Locations in San Diego County r. FIGURE A-I-2 Fault Lines in San Diego County Archaeologic Significance A further restriction on disposal site selection in this region results from the presence of a variety of archaeological sites representing three distinct ew cultural patterns. A-I-11ii Since many of the areas of San Diego County have not yet been examined for archaeological significance, each proposed disposal site must be evaluated during environmental impact studies to determine its potential for damaging archaeologically valuable artifacts. Siting solid waste landfills requires attention to the areas hydrology. Water precipitating through solid waste cannot be allowed to come in contact with groundwater. An awareness of rainfall patterns, tidelands and natural water courses is important to solid waste managers and planners. Marine Terraces The coastal belt of San Diego County extends from the coast inland to the foothills in a band about ten miles in width. It is characterized by an overall gentle rise in elevation from the coast toward the western slope of the Peninsular Ranges. The surface area ranges from sea level to about 1,500 feet along the inland edge. This area is characterized by a series of wave -cut benches covered by thin terrace deposits. This terraced surface has been deeply dissected by streams and rounded by erosion. As shown in Figure A-I-3, much of the area is marbled w7".n wet land (marshes, lagoons, sloughs) and estuaries. The total acre feet as well as the type of tideland for each of these major wetlands are shown in Table A-I-1. Precipitation From 100 years of rainfall records, Figure A-I-4, indications are that after experiencing 32 dry years, San Diego County is entering a period of increasing rainfall. While the extent of this increase or the duration of the trend cannot be predicted, it is evident that the probability exists and should be'reckoned with in any plans developed for the management of solid waste. A-I-liv 1. z FIGURE A-1-3 COASTAL WETLANDS OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY I. 3. 4. LEGEND S. !-- 1. San Mateo Marsh 7 2. Los Flores Marsh 9. 3. Santa Margarita Marsh 4. San Luis Rey River 10. S. Loma Alta Marsh 11. 6. Buena Vista Lagoon 12. 7. Agua Ktdionda Lagoon ii 8. Canyon de Las Eneinas C *t 9. Bataquitos Lagoon 10. San Elijo Lagoon 11. San Dieguito Slough 13. 1 12. Los Pensaquitos Lagoon 14 15. x 13. Mission Bay 14. San Diego River Flood Channel 16 1S. Famosa Street Slough as 16. San Diego Bay, North 1 17. San Diego Bay. South ` 18. Tia Juana Estuary \ORT11 18. 6 A-1-iv t40 t,x TABLE A -I -1 TIDELANDS OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY Name Hydrologic Unit Size (Acre Feet) Salt Tyoe of Tideland Fresh '.Ilx (brackish) San Mateo Marsh Santa Margarita lII x x Las Flores Lush San Juan/Sta. Margarita 60 X x x Sta. Margarita River/Marsh Santa Margarita 17S X x San Luis Rey River Santa Margarita 9 x x Loma Alta Marsh Carlsbad 7 x Buena Vista Lagoon Carlsbad 68 X x Agua Hedionda Lagoon Carlsbad 239 x x Ratiquitos Lagoon Carlsbad 246 x x San Elijo Lagoon San Dieguito S4 x x x Dieguito ISan Slough San Dieguito 85 X X 14s Penaseuitos Lagoon San Dieguito 77 x Mission Bay San Diego 1,978 x San Diego River* Marsh San Diego/Coronado 1a0 X x X San Diego Bay Coronado 11.SO4 x Sweetwater River Marsh Sweetwater/Coronado ISO X x x Tia Juana Estuary Otay 99S x x x A -I -1 vi FIGURE A-1-4 RAINFALL RECORD AT SAN DIEGO, CALIFORNIA CLIMATOLOGICAL YEAR JULY I -NNE 30 There are three consequences of the increasing precipitation pattern; (1) Groundwater table levels are rising, bringing additional problems and concern when considering the siting of new landfills. (2) Ongoing landfill design, daily operations and drainage problems are intensified. Increased moisture content of refuse collected also affects landfill operations by increasing the probability of leachate and methane gas production. A-I-1,vii 4 T (3) Increased moisture content of collected refuse affects the calorific value or h,-at energy content (Btu/lb) of the refuse. This must be considered in all economic feasibility studies or technical designs concerning resource recovery and energy conversion from solid waste. Water Quality Most of San Diego County lies within the San Diego Water Basin. As explained in detail in the Comprehensive Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin, regional water problems are both quantitative and qualitative in nature. Lack of rainfall and growing demand for usable water require that both surface waters and groundwaters be protected to prevent contamination. Surface waters of the region are frequently influenced by eutrophication, the transport of saline waters and thermal discharges. Few point source water problems exist in the inland areas, however, since waste waters ars generally reclaimed or discharged into the ocean. Contamination from non -point source waste -loads is more subtle than that of point source discharge since it is greatly dependent on the percolation of waters carrying dissolved minerals and nitrates to groundwater tables. Simi- larly, surface runoff carrying extensive concentrations of nutrients can con- tribute to non -point source eutrophication. A map showing the major ground- water basins in San Diego is presented in Figure A-I-5. Pollution of coastal waters by solid waste disposal procedures also comes under the jurisdiction of the Region Coastal Commission. This body has minimized pollution from ocean dumping within three miles of the coast by requiring permits to dump within that zone. At this time no such dumping is occurring. Waters outside the three-mile zone are regulated by the EPA. To date there has been only one approved location off San Diego County for dredging and dumping of toxic materials. This site is approximately five and one-half miles off the coast of Point Loma. Activity at this site does not appear to contribute measurably to the degradation of the area's waters. A-I-lviii FIGURE A—I-5 GROUNDWATER BASINS OF BAN DIEGO OOUNTY A —I —fix 6-1 •• iwWN�ii1MO11tI wrwi i IMiN iKi�l• wlii Iwer .ilw iyi. /w © iNVM�i1/•Niw �1 APPENDIX A-1--2 AIR QUALITY i The Air Pollution Control District (APCD) continues its responsibility to monitor and enforce air quality standards established by the State of t.� California and the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1977 required the EPA to establish monitoring criteria to be followed uniformly across the ration. San Diego County is making the necessary changes to bring its equipment into conformity with the nationwide program. new � P 1 Recent research by the Air Resources Board (ARB) and major air pollution +� control districts indicates that San Diego County's nitrogen dioxide levels ' may be lower than had been previously reported. Five of the largest air „ pollution control agencies in California, including San Diego's, have been x using a State approved calibration method for nitrogen dioxide which yields results about 15% higher than the EPA method. After publication of the results of the ARB study, San Diego data will be corrected to be consistent with the EPA method. Because of these new requirements of the Clean Air Act amendments, San Diego may not have as far " to -9o--to-meet clean air goals for this pollutant as had been originally expected. Table A-I-2 shows the Ambient Air Quality Standards applicable in California. A new item known as "Fine Particulate" has been added to air pollution con- siderations which may have severe impact on any proposed solid waste proces- sing project. Fine particulate is defined by the Air Pollution Control .. District as those particle sizes smaller than 1.5 microns (1.5 millionths of a meter) in diameter. Stack emissions sampling conducted using Source Assessment Sampling System (SASS) equipment indicates that approximately 44.89% of all stack gas particulate falls within the APCD definition of fine particulate. Vaporized heavy metals and bacteria tend to collect on fine particulate because of the increased surface area compared to the larger particles and proceed to the lower extremities of the respiratory track LM_ ter A-I-2i because of the lack of capability of the human body to filter particulates below 2.0 micron size. Recognizing the need for and in the interest of encouraging cogeneration projects and resource recovery/energy conversion from solid waste, Assembly Bill No. 524 '(Calvo) was enacted in September 1979. This bill provides a mechanism for issuance of permits to construct such projects and offers cooperation in mitigating the impacts on air quality. Technology for the control of all pollutants is advancing rapidly. During the effectivity of this revision, it is expected that many of the techniques developed will see actual operation in newly designed and manufactured equipment. A-I-2ii SXUW,� kr�.F iys�sC.aYM-Si'Mv. v �.r._ rPridi. �;, S.a.. _.. -. 'AL��.._.'...9b.t � rfi r .-v3'.E r .,. .. .- ar c . M1 . 1.. . _ _. �., - ..� . ...._ n .. o, ..-. a .r r .-. ... � A -.� ri• 0 Table A-I-2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS APPLICABLE IN CALIFORNIA r Ca I I fornia Averaging Standards Federal Standards Pollutant Time Concentration Primary 5econda 1 one Same as 1 1 Hour 0.10 ppm (0.12 ppm) Primary (200 u /m) 235 u /m) Standard Carbon Monoxide 12 Hours lu ppm i , (11 /m) --- Same as Hours Lu mg # (9 ) Primary Hour ppm 4u mg m (46 /m) (35 pom) Standard rNiErogen Dioxide nnua verage LUU uq m alma as (0.05 ppm) Primary Standard Hour O.Z5 ppm »- --- (470 u /m } # u tut 01oxiae Annual Average --- ug m --- (0.3 m) + ours 0.5 ppm In comb. * ug m --- w/.10 ppm Ox or (0.14 ppm) a 100 u /m TSP ours --- --- 1300 uq m (0.5 om) Hour 6.5 ppm » » (1310 F uspen . a cu- Annual Ge-o- ou ug/m 15 ug m 60 ug m late Matter Metric Mean 24 Hours u m u m u m ea a a icu e ay ug m uq m --- Avera e roger e - _ , our ".------ . — ppm _ f AA .. i2 --- --- ' hydro ors 3 liours - --- 160 ugTm — -Sane as — (Corrected for (6-9 a.m.) (0.24 ppm) Primary Methane) Standard -hylene8 Hours 0.1 00m Four m s observation nsu ci »- --- Reducing Particles amourit to reduc6 the prevailing visibility to 10 miles when the relative humidity is less than 70% *Photochemical oxidants measured as Ozone ppm - Parts per million ug/m 3 - MicrogriAms per cubic meter A-I-2iii V I APPENDIX A-1-3 GROWTH TRENDS i7 Carlsbad and San Marcos are the fastest growing cities in the San Diego region according to SANDAG's Final Series V population forecasts (See Table ! A-I-3). With a present population of 35,490, Carlsbad is projected to experience a boom of over 137% by the year 1995; San Marcos will grow by over 99% from its present population of 17,479. T Other North County cities that will experience a rapid growth rate through 1995 include: Escondido, up 30%; Oceanside, up 45%; and Vista, up 40%. Del Mar is the only exception in North County. It is projected to increase by only 83 people between now and 1995 because of the very limited availability of new building sites. f* The cities surrounding San Diego Bay will experience varying degrees of growth over the next 15 to 20 years. Chula Vista, which plans on annexing and developing large areas on its eastern border, will grow by nearly 35% by 1995.. Imperial Beach should grow by over 14%. National City, which is well x developed, should increase by only 1.8%. Coronado should increase in popu- cation about 25% by 1995. +" During the same period the City of San Diego's population will increase by about 19% (1980 Final Census to 1995) with a good portion of that growth occurring in the Otay Mesa border area of the City according to SANDAG. In the East County, by 1995, El Caj on's population will be up 5%; La Mesa's growth will increase nearly 12%; and Lemon Grove's population will be up 14%. The total unincorporated area population will increase nearly 55% by 1995. This percentage will necessarily decrease as new cities are incorporated. A-I-3i Table A-I-3 POPULATION AND FORECASTS* Final Census 1980 Carlsbad 35,490 Chula Vista 83,927 Coronado 18,806 Del Mar 5,017 Final Series V Regional Development Forecasts 1985 1995 2000 51,835 84,160 93,918 98,282 113,403 118,572 21,766 23,805 23,487 5,115 5,100 5,046 El Caj on 73,892 75,000 77,628 78,017 Escondido 64,355 73,661 83,552 84,507 Imperial Beach 22,689 23,471 26,012 28,203 La Mesa 50,342 53,637 56,526 56,797 Lemon Grove 20,780 22,671 23,619 24,097 National City 48,772 49,172 49,640 51,166 Oceanside 76,698 87,245 111,066 144,385 Poway 33,615 38,080 57,425 60,500 San Diego ( 875,504 938,966 1,043,464 1,077,862 San Marcos 17,479 25,061 34,845 35,158 Santee 40,037 45,663 57,071 58,587 Vista 35,834 42,197 50,220 51,441 Total Cities 1,503,237 1,643,822 1,897,536 1,991,743 Unincorporated 358,609 424,409 556,477 663,530 Total County 1,861,846 2,068,231 2,454,013 2,625,273 *Regional Development Forecasts - SANDAG A-I-3i i r K P FIGURE A—I-6 WASTE GENERATION/POPULATION : tsAK — A —I —3111 e 2.252 2.06E I APPENDIX A-11-1 MODEL COLLECTION ORDINANCE Jurisdictions have been encouraged to require that containers conform to the following guidelines: M� 1. They shall have a capacity of no more than 40 gallons and no less than 20 gallons in volume. 2. Their weight shall not exceed 50 pounds when filled. t 3. Reusable rigid containers or cans shall be constructed of non-combustible or self -extinguishing, nonabsorbent and corrosion resistant materials and should be easily cleanable. 4. The diameter of the can's opening shall be no less than the diameter below the top and the can should preferably be tapered to facilitate discharge of compacted waste when the container is inverted. 5. The interior of the can shall be smooth, without projections which would interfere with emptying the contents. 6. The can shall have no cracks, holes or jagged edges which could injure collection personnel. 7. The can shall be fitted with handles located directly opposite one �x another on the sides of the container for easy lifting. 8. Cans shall be equipped with covers or lids which are tight -fitting to resist the intrusion of water and vectors. «� 9. They shall be designed so that they cannot be tipped over easily. 10. Single -use plastic and paper bags should be those manufactured expressly for solid waste storage and shall meet the standards of the National Sanitation Foundation as to thickness and bursting strength. 11. Containers of waste which have been compressed into bales and set out for collection shall meet the above criteria as appropriate. APPENDIX A•II•Z ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Recycling vs. Landfill Disposal { Conventional sanitary landfilling of solid waste in the San Diego Region has traditionally been the least costly of the various alternatives available. This is due in part to the foresight of earlier sol:.: waste planners in the t establishment of a network of landfill sites in the region thereby reducing haul distances and corresponding costs. 1 Numerous alternative solid waste disposal systems have been implemented or ,{ proposed in the San Diego region since the 1970's. These include separate curbside collection programs; drop-off and buy-back recycling centers; the E1 Cajon Resource Recovery Demonstration Project; the Palomar Transfer Station; and the proposed San Diego Energy Recovery (SANDER) Project. 4+ st Experience with these alternative solid waste disposal methods demonstrated �� that costs of many of these projects did not justify their continuance when 1) evaluated from an economic standpoint. ,, During conversation with representatives of the region's disposal industry, the question of economic viability of separate curbside collection has been raised. Representatives from the industry have stated that if separate collection was economically viable, the industry would be doing it. . y However, as the cost of current collection and disposal practices increases, and markets for recycled materials provide more consistent revenue sources, alternative solid waste disposal methods will become viable. Currently, cost data for collection and disposal in the San Diego Region is estimated to be: Cost Per Ton City of San Diego Residential Collection/Disposal S40.58 Private Residential Collection Average/ County of San Diego Disposal $33,81 A-II-21 Various recycling options were evaluated and cost per ton figures for these options were estimated from information provided by the State Solid Waste Management Board, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, existing curbside collection and recycling operations around the State and from experience gained from construction of two community multi -item buy-back recycling centers. Based on evaluation of the data provided, the following cost estimates were derived: Average Cost Per Ton Based on 100 Ton/Month and 600 Ton/Month Operation 100 Ton/Month 600 Ton/Month Multi -item Separate Collection (56.63) (15.39) Multi -item Separate Collection With Aluminum Buy-back (33.09) 8.47 (profit) Multi -item Buy-back (14.92) 26.62 (profit) NOTE: ( ) denotes loss The cost information presented shows that current solid waste collection and disposal practices are the least costly alternative. Multi -item buy-back recycling programs offer the most cost-effective program when compared to separate collection. Since collection and disposal of solid wastes will still be required even with recycling of aluminum, glass, newsprint and ferrous materials, these program costs will continue. Cost estimate derivations for current residential solid waste collection and disposal and separate curbside collection and multi -item buy-back programs are presented in the following text. A-II-2ii RESIDENTIAL SOLID WASTE COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL COSTS FOR THE SAN DIEGO REGION Residential solid waste collection and disposal costs in the San Diego Region were estimated from information obtained from the City of San Diego program costs, private sector monthly rates for collection, and County of San Diego 1� disposal program costs. No commercial refuse collection cost information was 1 available from the San Diego County Disposal Association. Solid waste collection costs were obtained from the City of San Diego Solid Mt Waste Division. Residential and limited commercial refuse pick-up is pro- vided "free of charge'' for City of San Diego residents by the City's Solid Waste Division. The cost of residential collection is included in the City property tax structure. 4 Solid waste collection in the other incorporated cities, with the exception of Imperial Beach, and the unincorporated area of the County, is provided by private companies. No cost per ton data was available from the San Diego ' County Disposal Association for this service. However, cost per ton data was extrapolated from monthly residential collection data provided by the industry. City of San Diego FY 81/82 budgeted cost for collection was $10,659,998. An estimated 296,600 tons of refuse were collection. Cost per ton is, there- fore: $101659,998 = 296,600 tons = $35.94/ton This figure represents the direct cost including amortized vchicle replace- ment plus program overhead (including 13% General City plus 8% program administrative overhead). Disposal costs were also obtained from the City of San Diego Solid Waste Division. The City of San Diego operates two landfills. City of San Diego FY 81/82 budgeted costs for disposal operations was $4,448,959. A-II-2iii __4 Approximately one million tons of trash were disposed of, therefore, budgeted cost per ton is: $4,448,959 ; 1,000,000 tons = $4.45/ton This figure represents direct costs including amortized vehicle replacement. With the addition of overhead costs the figure becomes $4.64 per ton for disposal. -- Total estimated costs for landfilling (collection and disposal) in the City of San Diego is, therefore: $35.94 per ton collection + 4.64 per ton disposal $40.58 per ton. A review of charges for residential refuse collection in the other incorporated cities and the County (see Table II-1, page II-5) shows that the cost per household per month for residential trash pickup by private collection firms in the region indicates that this is approximately $6.00 per month, which is $72.00 per year per household. Regionwide trash generate rate is estimated to be 1.066 tons per person per year. Based on the 1980 Census Data, average household size is 2.62 persons. Therefore, trash generation per year per household is: 1.066 tons per person per year X 2,62 persons per household 2.79 tons per household per year Approximate cost per ton for collection by the private sector is: $72 per year = 2.79 tons per household per year = $25.81 per ton A-II-2iv Q 4 County of San Diego contract costs for landfilling of refuse is $3.22 per 0 ton. Total program costs for landfilling activii;-?e is $8.00 per ton. t, #� Total estimated costs for landfilling (collection and disposal) in the urban area of the County is therefore: K� $25.81 per ton collection + 8.00 per ton disposal �¢ $33.81 per ton f� �x \— A-II-2v SEPARATE CURBSIDE COLLECTION AND MULTI -ITEM BUY-BACK RECYCLING Summary This report evaluates the cost of separate curbside collection without buy- back, separate curbside collection with aluminum buy-back and multi -item buy- back recycling centers. Information necessary for this analysis was obtained from literature pub- lished by the State Solid Waste Management Board and U.S. Environmental Pro- tection Agency, existing curbside collection and recycling operations around the State and experience gained from construction of two community multi -item buy-back recycling centers. Different composites were developed for the recycling systems. Prices were obtained for the components of each system. , Overall cost effectiveness was determined for each composite recycling system and related comparisons were drawn. The cost analysis concluded that buy-back recycling centers are more econo- mically feasible at any given volume. Breakeven points and profit/volume ' figures were calculated for each system to determine the order of their cost- effectiveness (buy-back recycling centers, separate curbside collection with aluminum buy-back, separate curbside collection without buy-back). Assumptions The following assumptions were made in our analysis of separate curbside collection (with and without aluminum buy-back) and buy-back recycling systems. They are based on information supplied to the State Solid Waste Management Board in 1978 from the analysis of several collection systems around the State: 1) There is a 20% participation rate defined as the amount of recyclables divided by the amount available (i.e., collected and going to landfill). This rate is considered to be average for a well -developed collection program. 2) An estimated 750 people will generate 1 ton per month of recyclable materials (newsprint, glass, aluminum, ferrous) at a 20% A-II-2vi �`t4'i�ii' v` >r` a �� • _ - n `1 _ s,.,_ _ _- a�1..'.-� - -.6Ya•��:�O:1rY�t.ii1'�EY � � .'w�. `': y`{_'ce 'K'�s � �� 3_� IIFF I i P 0 participation rate and using waste generation factor promulgated for the San Francisco Bay area. 1� 3) Yard processing time is estimated at one hour per ton of material i collected. IA 4 4) Under a separate curbside collection program, every 100 tons per month will require a collection vehicle (i.e., pickup truck and gooseneck trailer) capable of collecting 4.5 tons per day with fuel consumption at 5 mpg on collection. No collection vehicles are necessary for a buy-back ?I. recycling center program. ! {� 5) The composition of materials collected is estimated at: Curbside Collection Program Aluminum 1.3% Newspaper 54.8% Y T Glass 34.8% !� Ferrous 9.1% Buy-back Recycling Program Aluminum 9.0% Newspaper 77.60.1 Glass 10.2% Ferrous 3.2% 6) For a local government operation, several cost components (i.e., land, insurance coverages, water, sewer, utilities and other) are assumed to be 04 absorbed by existing operations. t__W r__V The following general assumptions were derived from composite analysis of the various types of recycling syst.:jns within the State. Material Form 1) Glass - partially crushed and stored as mixed color cullet. 2) Aluminum - shredded and magnetically separated. A-II-2vii • w i1'.'lSiy A..d �.n' • Y Sx _ _ e n '� 6 _ ., ie.R .n c ..:4"� ei r''�i S' v S 3_ 4a S� «--4;. •: ', � 'in, �`"a,�p� n�<r�?�.. �ky;}. 7- 3) Newsprint - collected and stacked on 4' x 4' pallets to a height of 4' and then banded for shipment to market. 4) Ferrous Container Scrap - collected and temporarily stored. Ferrous ;ontainer scrap is made up of bi-metal and steel with tin coatings. There is no technology which will separate out the bi-metal (aluminum top closure) containers. There is no market for bi-metal cans but there is a limited market for steel containers with and without tin coating. Therefore, due to a lack of a stable current market, ferrous scrap is disposed of at a negligible cost. Quality control for the above materials is maintained by visual inspection with manual removal of contaminants. Equipment 1) Material Storage gins - standard 45 cubic yard roll --off containers. 2) Forklift - two ton capacity with rotating head. 3) Can Processor - includes conveyor magnetic separation, shredder and Glower at 500 pounds per hour capacity. 4) Other Equipment - includes digital scales and canvas coverings for newsprint. Site 1) Up to one acre of land (assumed to be provided by existing operation). 2) Paving and fencing at site. 3) 400 square foot office building (assumed to be provided by existing operation). Labor All labor is budgeted on a full-time basis. n", A-II-2viii 1 fI Transportation p rtation t All goods are sold F.O.B. seller's yard. All shipments of goods to market are full loads. Material Markets and Prices From a survey of 1980 markets of recycled materials, the following was found as an average price recyclers received from brokers i ers for each material F.O.B. the recycling center: Aluminum 3920/ton ($0.46/lb.) shredded " Newspaper $ 33/ton banded Glass S 18/ton mixed #, Ferrous No appreciable market. Transportation, if materials are delivered, may play significantly into the cost of operation; however, the increased revenues will in most cases offset this cost and even increase profit at higher tonnages. k Capital Expenditures - Identified in the cost analysis worksheet (Table I). Start-up cost of $119,812 for site and fixed equipment are identified for a buy-back recycling operation. This amount plus $12,100 per 100 tons per month of recyclables processed is necessary for operation of a separate curbside collection program. The additional expenditures are necessary for collection equipment (trucks, trailers, bins). Depreciation for Equipment and Improvements Depreciation on equipment is included to reflect the true cost of operation -� and is calculated on a linear basis. The depreciation periods range from five years and 1.66% per month of value for bins and trailers to 20 years and �. 0.4% per month for site improvements. No salvage value is assumed. Labor There are four classifications of employees associated with a separate curbside collection recycling program. Such employees include an operations �,. manager or supervisor, clerical office workers, collection drivers and yard UW A-II-2ix . �,$ _ _ -v .,,tr y .. 4s - y+' 'vP ^i7 .,y..'„ .r+, 7S�': t:.7, •awr�lp .'1 �S '!M��ln `��';b;.�`'���.�Jm•._iy,�...'-�,r'�ot��@',i.z�y�..;_-z*�--�' ���....��^s�ras�c-=.iMiC{Ya7l��"A" '�s*. tinYivaa�i+s'�.34�1�:d. _ workers/equipment operators. With the exception of collection drivers, these same classifications are utilized in a buy-back recycling program to varying degrees. Labor is the primary monthly cost component in bo•�h systems. All employees work full-time (176 hours per month) and wages include coverage for workman's compensation, social security, health benefits, unemployment, etc. Wage rates are presented on Table II. TABLE I SITE DEPRECIATION DEPRECIATION TOTAL COST PERIODS MONTHLY COST Land Office Building -- Paving $56,023 240 -- $231 Fencing $ 8,217 240 33 TOTAL $64,240 $264 FIXED EQUIPMENT 4/45 Bins $13,200 120 $1 Scale $ 3,960 180 $ 22 Forklift $26,400 180 $143 Can Processor 512,012 180 TOTAL $55,572 S_66 $341 VARIABLE EQUIPMENT (Separate Curbside Collection only) (per 100 TPM) Truck $ 8,800 60 $143.00 Trailer $ 1,650 60 $ 27.50 6/1.5 Bins $ 1,650 60 TOTAL $12,100 $ 27.50 — $198.00 A-II-2x f ff�sl!7N t??: •n�#;" :�! ^ XF :ir., %.'A . '�@t�'.R'r?a'�+f�.'t,. �'?.c�!;-'7x�?Rtfi?�},'"es'�.'i''.e,r "i?iFi:'!.'�;F�s�.;+✓',.'?!F",.??i��'7`.."�i',"f^;; ^�i'J,;Ps t E+ TABLE II EMPLOYEE CLASSIFICATION) HOURLY RATE Manager MONTHLY SALARY Driver $12.65 $2,222 � Yard Worker $11.00 $1,936 Office Worker $11.00 $1,936 ! $ 8.00 $1,408 The number of employees necessary to operate a separate curbside collection t system with material collection ranging from 100 to 600 tons described in the following table. per month is EMPLOYEE CLASSIFICATION 100 TONS PER MONTH _ 200 300 Manager 400 � 500 : 1 Driver 1 1 1 1 .600 1 1 � Yard Worker 1 2 3 4 5 6 Office Worker 1 2 2 1 3 g 4 1 1 2 2 = k The number of employees necessary to operate a buy-back recycling system with material collection ranging from 100 to 600 tons per month is described in the following table. EMPLOYEE CLASSIFICATION 100 TONS PER MONTH Manager 200 300 400 500 600 .. 1 Yard Worker 1 1 1 1 1 1 Office Worker 1 1 2 3 3 4 1 1 1 2 2 The manager is assumed to complement the yard employee duties when necessary in both systems. A-II-2xi Fuel Costs All vehicles are assumed to run on gasoline and are operated 22 days per month. Collection vehicles travel an estimated 75 miles per day and consume fuel at a rate of five miles per gallon. The forklift will consume approximately.30 gallons a month for any tonnage. The monthly fuel costs at $1.44,per •gallon will be approximately $517 for 100 tons of material processed in a.separate curbside collection program. Maintenance and Utilities Maintenance costs are estimated at: Separate Curbside Collection Buy-back Recycling TONS PER MONTH 100 200 300 400 500 65 130 155 220 265 40 80 80 120 140 i 600 310 � 160 ' A fixed utility rate of $130•at 100 tons per month plus $15 per month for each additional 100 tons processed is estimated for these particular labor intensive operations. Other Overhead Other overhead includes promotional/advertising expenses which are estimated at $220:for each l00 tons of material processed. Miscellaneous expenses are estimated at $55 per month plus $11 for each 100 tons processed. Analysis Results Based,on the proceeding assumptions, the following table describes the cost and revenues associated with operating a 100 to 600 ton per month (1) separate curbside collection system, and (2) a buy-back recycling system. A-II-2xii i t� t: ft ti I SEPARATE CURBSIDE COLLECTION TONS PER MONTH 100 200 300 400 500 600 EXPENSE e� pr c 'ation 803 1001 1199 1397 1595 1793 Debt Service __ -_ Labor Fuel 7502 11374 13310 17182 20526 24398 517 990 1463 1936 2398 2871 Maintenance & Utilities 185 275 315 395 455 515 Other Overhead 286 517 748 979 1210 1441 TOTAL MONTHLY ZOSTS 9293 14157 17035 21889 26184 , 31018 Cost/.Ton 92.93 - 70.785 56.78 502 '52.37 51.69 *Revenue/Ton 36.30 36.30 36,30 36.30 36-.30 36.30 Gross Revenue 3630 7266 10890 14520 18150 21780 Gross Proft/<Loss> (5663) (6897) (6145) (7369) (8034) (9238) 'Profit/Ton (56.63) (34.48) (20.48) (18.42) (16.07) (15.39) BUY-BACK RECYCLING Tons Per Month 100 200 300 400 500 600 Expense Depreciation 633 633 633 633 633 633 Debt Service __ _- Labor 5566 5566 7502 9438 10846 12782 Fuel 43 43 43 43 43 43 Maintenance & Utilities 170 225 240 295 330 365 Other Overhead 286 517 748 979 1210 1441 TOTAL MONTHLY COSTS 6698 6984 9166 11388 13062 15264 Cost/Ton 66.98 34.92 30.55 28.47 26.12 25.44 *Revenue�Ton 52.06 52.06 52.06 52.06 52.06 52.06 Gross Revenue 5206 10412 15618 20824 26030 31236 Gross Profit <Loss> <1492> 3438 6452 9436 12968 15972 Profit/Ton <14.92> 17.14 21.51 23.59 25.94 26.62 mole iii A-II-2xiii SEPARATE CURBSIDE COLLECTION WITH ALUMINUM BUY-BACK A buy-back program added to separate curbside collection, consisting of pur- chasing aluminum beverage cans from the public for $500/ton, processing, and sell-ing the material to a brokerage for $920/ton (Profit of $420/ton), will change -the composition of throughput materials to the following: Aluminum 9% X $420 = $37.80 Newspaper 50.5 X $ 33 = $16.66 Glass 32.1 X $ 18 = $ 5.78 Ferrous 8.4 X S 0 = $. 0 $ -O-.N Revenues,will then be $60.24 per ton of recyclables. Analysis using this addi- tional revenue and adding the additional cost of equipment (magnetic separator at $3168 and scale) leads ,to a breakeven point of approximately 280 TPM. Cost Revenue/Ton Gross Revenue Gross Profit/(Loss) Profit/Ton Tons Per Month 100 200 Ma 40 500 600 9M 14TT 171775' 21M 26MT 31M 60.24 60.24 60.24 60.24 60.24 60.24 6024 12048 18072 24096 30120 36144 (3309) (2149) 997 2167 3896 5086 (33.09) (10.74) 3.32 5.41 7.79 8.47 TABLE III Percent Composition and Price of Materials for Separate Curbside Collection* Percent/Ton Revenue Aluminum —1.3%` X '392U _ $11.96 Newsprint 54.8% X 33 = 18.08 Glass 34.8% X 18 = 6.26 Ferrous 9.10.1 X 0 = 0 S�3�f/Ton Percent Composition and Premium Price of Materials for Buy -Back Percent/Ton Revenue Aluminum --9.U%`— X $420 _ $37. 80 Newsprint 77.6% X 18 = 13.96 Glass 10.2p X 3 = .30 Ferrous 3.2% X 0 - 0 A-II-2xiv r, W I III. CONCLUSIONS Given the previously outlined market price structure and operational costs it can be seen that when comparisons are drawn as to the cost effectiveness of those recycling systems reviewed the following ranking is achieved: 1) Multi -item buy-back. 2) Separate curbside collection with aluminum buy-back. 3) Separate curbside collection without aluminum buy-back. 100 80 Profit/ 60 Ton 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100 Financial Comparisons of Recycling Systems (Ii Tons/Month (2) 10�200 300---400_""""500.""--6600 (3) Economic analysis of cost and revenue figures for the above systems shows an aluminum buy-back program adds significantly to the economic viability of resource recovery operations. A separate collection sys- tem without aluminum buy-back will eventually reach a breakeven point at a much higher volume because higher associated cost will compete with increasingly limited revenues as market competition takes place. Multi -item buy-back recycling centers offer the most cost effective ~-' program when compared to the aforementioned systems. A breakeven point of 131 TPM is realized, while its nearest competitor, separate curbside collection with aluminum buy-back, reaches this point at approximately 280 TPM. A-II-2xv 4W APPENDIX A—I1I SOLID WASTE ALLOCATION MATRIX I Efforts have been made to simulate the real -life distribution of trash from its production sources (residential, commercial and industrial) to its final destination points (landfills or resource recovery plants). This information•is combined by computer with traffic route data, landfill 14 volume information and hauling -and disposal cost rates in order to project: 1) where trash is likely to be disposed of; 2) how much trash will be I received at each landfill; 3) the useable life of each landfill; and 4) I the expected total hauling and disposal costs to the public for each -config- uration of open landfills, transfer stations and resource 'recovery plants. I� r, It Was necessary to -develop 'appropriate data for the computer analysis: 4a 1) on,projected population and employment growth and per capita waste genera- ` j" tion trends, for prediction of probable volumes of municiptil refise; and 2) on construction trends, for estimates of future quantities of demolition -w"'stes. All of this information was collected for geographical zones small enough to permit combining and assembling them into the specific areas served by existing and projected landfills and potential resource recovery plants. •� This degree of analysis was possible because the SANDAG population data are available,for small component parts of census tracts called -Traffic Assign- ment Zones (TAZ), which are 'further divided into 2,000' x 2,000' areas called grid cells. SWAM I determines the travel time from each grid cell to each disposal facil- ity. SWAM I then allocates the waste from each grid cell to the closest -� disposal facility to that grid cell. The use of grid cel 1 s permits analysis of both waste generation and its distribution to the various waste handing facilities of the coastal portion of the County. The model will be updated to take into consideration the impact of varying tipping fees at solid waste facilities. Basic Assumptions of the Solid Waste Allocation Matrix I (SWAM I) Relative to the Solid Waste Management Plan ,�. 1. "Least time" is the criterion that is used to determine which solid waste facility receives the trash generated from a particular grid -cell. The personal economic decision of choosing a landfill according to the respective tipping fee, or proximity to the haulers headquarters, is not currently taken into account by the SWAM I program. 2. The same freeway and generalized street networks are used to calculate the travel distances and times for each year of the model. No allowance was made for future roads not currently under construction. 3. The population and employment data that drive the waste generation program in SWAM I are the Series V Regional Growth Forecasts produced by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) for the years 1978, 1985, 1995 and 2000. These -population and employment totals were allocated to the gridcells of the model in. the trash generation factors in order to complete the annual trash generation from each gridcell. The Regional Growth Forecasts are general information reports that serve only as input data to the Solid Waste Allocation Model. 4.. Population projections are compared to actual population figures and can be adjusted upward or downward within the matrix through 'the changing of certain multiplicative coefficients. 5. Per Capita Trash Generation Assumptions a. Residential - Waste generation was based on the assumption of 3.01 15S..` production ,per person per day in the urban and suburban areas, and 4.9 lbs. production per person per day in the rural areas. b. Demolition - The rate of demolition - waste generation was set at 0'2 iG. per person per day. c. Commercial and Industrial Waste - The following factors, in pounds ot tras per person per ay, were used in the SWAM I computer program for the purpose of modeling trash generation by business, government and general employment: Category Basic Employment Retail Trade Employment Retai-1 Services Employment Business Services Employment Public Service Employment Other Employment Trash Generation (pounds of tras per person per day) 5.48 5.67 5.67 5.60 5.67 5.49 6. The residential per -capita generation of waste is considered to be constant with time. A-III-ii M ^ 7. The ratio of commercially -hauled trash to privately -hauled trash is approximately 9:1, 8. The in -place density of trash at landfills is assumed to be 1,200 Ibs/cubic yard. 9. Remaining landfill volume capacities at the Otay and Sycamore Landfills are based on the assumptions of no additional land being made available for landfilling purposes. 10. Projections involving the San Diego Energy Recovery (SANDER) Project )' we;e limited to the design capacity of 1,200 tons of trash per day. 11. U61-imited capacity was assumed for projections involving additional 1 resource recovery stations. 12. This model deals only with the generation and disposal of non -hazardous )1� waste. 13. The annual number of truck trips is calculated by dividing each grid- cell s annual trash generation (front -side or rear -loader) by the capacities of the trucks servicing each gridcell. 14. The full -truck haul distances are calculated from the centers of each gridcell to the closest (by time) waste facility sites. The sums of the t products of the tonnage capacities of the trucks collecting garbage from commercial and residential sources, the respective haul distances and 1.5 the haul cost rates represent the total haul cost from a particular r,J gridcell to the waste facility serving the gridcell. «x 15. The distances of the collection routes are not taken into account in haul cost calculations. Therefore the calculated ton -miles and associated, costs of various facility configurations should only be compared to each other, and should not be considered as the definitive travel costs of solid waste disposal systems. i M '16. Haul cost functions were developed by the County of San Diego, Solid Waste Division in 1979 and are described in detail in the Solid Waste Allocation Modei Users' Documentation, available from the Solid Waste Division. Side and rear -loading trucks were assumed to cost S55/hour and collect -. at the rate of 2.62 tons/hour, while front -loading trucks cost S75/hour and collect at the rate of 4.0 tons/hour. It is assumed that the front - loading trucks remove trash from commercial and industrial establish- ments as well as multi -family housing, while the side and rear -loading trucks remove trash from single-family residences. 17. An average tipping fee of $8.00 per ton of trash was assigned to all solid waste facilities. 18. All costs are based on constant 1981 dollars and are not adjusted in later years for inflation. -- A-III-iii NYM APPENDIX A-IV-1 SAN OIEGO REGION RECYCLING CENTERS ICA Y✓ �•••�y wow - W 4' "✓3� y'.a8ei gx•-- .- W J -= vizz ia. sz�zg U a J Ing [``[[[ '• �:: �w gw.'n a=2S aF.'+vi mow.-n.. �w.� a4w.. �:.- . :!UN zags < V A z<� e1 t✓� � O cmw y M z {6 Yys S y i C 8 i A L VNVqq N `1�^ Y�=ttom �W � �pL Y !O �+ �v • �� ��� Yg$ G- Vvw wyf. 8 i IL-r' y 3�40« .�2✓i« u :.�.i...i $R a::� I xY to00 a0 V Yy - 31 } t y S _ :: 34 p- a YEA ,. X � .. S'y .t ��: �. �, de q �� " o" 'g✓:>> :a ao $� L�j: YgQy4 .Y wy ♦p Ir. " ti 9^^ {� u -.. . u ..�/ .ate ✓.✓.�w°i • � Yi.MH Y� � �N]G � N <W.� �NJ=V �6I < S= < NVN YPy i• clacl O H SS yF. ✓ YGuzu LU t S:�^ �'�H+ .��J iz1 CH✓ NNO i� Hz N YMYUU )I 3.[ ` tptp •I g� l pl j{4�j`` fir ' t a.✓'. �Hi —`� 8.' o ,"� £ w.i � F'—I .' > � $ `g, .Y'. g ifs gY.° • o UJI YY' CC"g Y✓ £: YwC7<MIC - t 'H-2 SM 3A 3�5 �r:$ N V Si Ow 8o c o i_ryUI� -R •i �:i Yew Or .zi -Mw ci iw.'. =NNw �w r^YM wow fir/ a_2 B .X sew — :i .+—w .-MR A-IV-li r�- 04 x a cu oN+ C A to W � 4 3&1 ^.j cu c o .c'. �y�J 3 .��. c y ° 1. -LO �GyG Ql CJ Y. V7 J �L�N� Z �t 9 W vi c w i� VVS G.7�+ U cp� ay7eS1 U Y YAl! a 6 I" 60Y0 C N -�J ��? '�v p- Owl V cola o > �m.rA � O�b p� mo ►y V fiery VI G. C fS Tp .67 "..ewo _ w ` Cis i'•� ' o Oror pp •I l'. F ..°. a ��� K�IV•i N ra �.•:� se � � 's": � fFFF! �- __ Maw a�� s_ �� �v� ««�w• w �«_� .enw � .�..`"..w'r .'� �Nw�. �e • u+der iwK �s •w V .r ZO " : ea& = " a x=a- Saar. _ a - c a� w G 'r�� 3V� i��ivs 11 L :w r x-.8 x = a v= = = «�-� s xas e w? s <S $ �i g w e a o• ` w23 S^ ait lairs$i. I`aSS'..i :awS 'oE i;Lwo9 'a i�r _51� y�g'�S B��L' I�ZHt Nw� Viw�{ r^VK }N VIR M:L..s aVi� E�1S Yns �>�iN yLN�H Y�LHt�_ 1• �•� A-IV-lii APPENDIX A-IV-2 CITY OF SAN DIEGO RECYCLING OBJECTIVES The City of San Diego supports the concept of recycling, along with resource recovery and landfilling,• as the three essenti-al•factors in refuse disposal. Additionally, the City,of San Diego encourages private sector and non-profit group -efforts, instead'of direct government involvement, except in the area of`_publJ c awareness and information coordination programs. The City of San Diego's recycling efforts are directed toward the following eight objectives: 1: Support to the Ecology Centre - To •increase the level of City financial support and provide additional staff assistance from the resources of the C•ity's Sol id Waste Division. ! li k 2: Operation of Two Recycling Centers on City Property - To issue RFP's for ! one.,or more private or non-profit organizations to operate passive buy- back centers at the now West Miramar Landfill and at Chollas Operations Station. I� to 3. Operation of a Green Waste Materials Processing Center at West Miramar - To construct and operate such a facility to provide,a 2-3 year extension of the life of the West Miramar Landfill. 4. Provide an increased share of the Operating Budget of the Joint Powers Authority for the Resource Recovery Project (SANDER) - To increase the z� City of San Diego's annual assistance to insure that the joint City - County project continues despite financial constraints at the County. S. Determine a Use and a Market for Resource Recovery Ash - Approximately 25% of the 1,200 tons per day to be burned at SANDER will remain after that process as an ash residue. City staff will work with County staff, a private consultant and a local building block company to see if "he A-IV-2i A. - ash can be utilized for that kind of product or similar uses. The need for landfill space to supplement a mass burning facility can be substantially reduced if a marketable use can be found for the ash. 6. Encourage the Recycling of Concrete and Asphalt - The City of San Diego's r4 Street Maintenance Division utilizes recycling techniques -in the street resurfacing program. This project will reduce the amount of used asphalt coming into the City's Class III landfill,_ thus extending that facility's useful life. Another substantial saving in landfill space can be made ►_ through concrete recycling. Staff from the City's Solid Waste Division is currently working with two private firms which have expressed ,an interest in establishing a concrete recycling program at Montgomery i Landfill. 1. 'Provide Staff Assistance to Special Recycling Projects - On an as. needed basis. An example of the City's ongoing commitment would-be the ' assistance provided to the annual Great California Resource `Rally by { members of the City Council; the Litter Enforcement section of the Street E Maintenance Division,, the staff of the Solid Waste -,Division and the staff and volunteers -of the City sponsored Ecology Centre and War Against Litter V LOve a•Clean San Diego") Committee. 8. White Paper Collection, Program-- The Ecology Centre's and -State Solid Waste Management Board's assistance -will' be sought to develop a'program for City offices. Currently, the Ecology Centre provides such a service for 48 businesses and government offices. A-IV-2ii APPENDIX A-V-1 RESOURCE RECOVERY STATE OF THE ART E~'! Through implementation of the various resource recovery options available, materials and energy that are presently being thrown away will be recovered from the wastestream and put into productive reuse. This section of the Appendix discusse-, resource recovery processes and efforts and plans in the SaA•D'iego region to maximize resource recovery. t' RESOURCE RECOVERY - STATE OF THE ART Reuse � ff Reusing such articles as containers, which are recovered intheir original form when emptied. This is a common practice in Europe and is practiced to some extent, in rural food growing districts in the United States for home food preservation. Tearing wiping rags from garments worn to the end of i� tx their useful life and returning soft drink bottles are -other examples. i Reconsi ti tuti on } Recovering, substances, from refuse in a reasonably pure form suitable for use as as raw material for products similar to those discarded: e.g., color sorted glass, newsprint or lead automobile tire weights. t Alteration F -! Recovering materials which because of their previous application or contamin- ation cannot be totally reclaimed, but which can be utilized in lower grade k., applications is the same general product line. Examples of this are fibers recovered from post' consumer paper used for roofing felt or bottle glass. being crushed and used in "Glasphalt" highway paving material. Adaptation Adapting waste products to different applications, such as ground glass being mixed with foaming agents and made into roofing tiles and other building materials. Industries are developing in Japan and Europe which mix organic A-V-1i i �aK fibers and plastic from solid waste with suitable binder material to produce, by molding or extruding, fence posts,, piling, grape stakes or ornamental architectural materials. Transformation/Conversion Since 'the end result is a new type of product, transformation/conversion requires more complex equipment and larger facilities tharr those required for the simpler sorting processes described above. The techniques of transforma- tion may be ltyLEl., chemical or biochemical. Physical Combustion -_ Open or partially .open combustion or burning of the organic fraction °of solid waste is .the oldest form of volume reduction. Its practice has generally been outlawed in the State of California except in controlled circumstances. -Incineration -- Controlled combustion incineration, with or without heat recovery-, is being increasingly used in smaller cities and communities, -where the pollution impact is Jess_sever_e#_ reduce the volume of waste .to be landfi'lled and to reclaim an energy product. Pyrolysis __ Pyrolysis is the physical and chernicai decomposition of organic matter brought about by the action of heat in a limited oxygen environment. This process breaks down the complex organic substance molecules into simpler w� compounds and elements and permits them to recombine for a variety of Possible products and/or uses. Chemical Hydrogenation -- Hydrogenation converts cellulose waste into fuel oil by heating the mater- ial under pressure with water and carbon monoxide. One ton of refuse yields up to two barrels (84 gal.) of low sulfur fuel oil. A-V-lii ,r El r t 0 Wet Oxidation -- Wet oxidation converts cellulose waste into carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, a mixture of organic acids and a solid fibrous s the material under pressure with water and oxygen. fudge by heating Hydrolysis Y ysis -.- Hydrolysis is a relatively., old process of converting wood to wood sugars by the action of mineral acids. The sugar solution can be fermented to produce ethyl alcohol. One ton of trash, which is 50% paper, can yield as much as 500 pounds .of sugars. Biochemical " Aerobic Digestion -- Aerobic digestion (digestion in the presence of oxygen) or composting is a ti controlled process where aerobic bacteria convert cellulose waste into a -� relatively inert humus -like material. Although widely and successfully r �1 practiced in Europe, India and other parts of the world, the use of com- posted material is only now being recognized in this country. It can be practiced on either a large or small scale, Anaerobic -Digestion == kr Anaerobic digestion ('digestion in the absence'of oxygen) employs anaerobic bacteria to convert cellulose waste, at 'an elevated temperature and in an t +1 oxygen -free atmosphere, into methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and A solid residue. The methane can be used as a fuel, while the solid " residue can serve as a soil conditioner. Biological Fractionation -- #4 Biological fractionation is a generic term for a number of biochemical processes that employ microorganisms' to convert cellulose waste into t14( glucose and other useful products, such as single cell protein. In one process, yeast is grown on a substrate of glucose and, after + consumption of the sugar, the yeast (which contains as much as 50" r , protein) is harvested. A two step method of hydrolysis/yeast culture has Ow received the most attention to date. A-V-1iii Secondary Utilization A- Secondary utilization involves the use of unaltered waste material in a new role. One example is employing municipal refuse to alter topographic fea- tures for recreational purposes, or incorporating glass cullet and fly ash in construction materials. Also, old worn out tires when stacked, tied into bundles and dumped in shallow ocean waters provide a safe habitat for ,. hatching - small fish. HIGH TECHNOLOGY RESOURCE RECOVERY} STATE OF THE ART AND OPERATING EXPERIENCE Central Processing Facilities a� Transfer Stations are intermediate facilities where waste can be trans- fer re-d-f0-Tairger vehicles for haul to a landfill or for shredding of the waste before landfilling. Transfer stations allow for the recovery of certain marketable resources from mixed municipal waste prior to trans- + fer of the -remaining waste to a landfill. Energy Conversion Plants use three basic technologies: Refuse Derived Fuel-(RDF) w c rec aims marketable components prior to conversion of 't the organic fraction into energy; mass burning,which is the direct con- version to energy; and pyrolysis which converts waste to a`liquid-energy source. Each of these processes result in a major reduction in the volume of waste requiring landfill or other disposal. f Effective large resource recovery or energy conversion systems must be based on processes which can efficiently convert and reduce the organic fraction. Among the Tow technology conversion processes are fiber recovery, composting, anaerobic digestion and biological fractionation. Each have had varying degrees of success but are not yet practical or cost effective on the scale necessary for a large metropolitan county. Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) S' RDF is a shredded mixture consisting primarily of yard trimmings, paper and plastics. Major processes utilized to produce RDF can be generalized as those of size reduction (or shredding), air classification, screening and �. A-V-liv 4 t magnetic separation of scrap iron from refuse. Some plants also attempt to separate glass and aluminum from the refuse stream. Generally, however, the process attempts to isolate the combustible portion of the waste with a mini- mum of processing. The resultant product is a reasonably homogenous fuel 'j having a relatively high energy content which can be co -fired with coal or fC other solid fuel in existing utility boilers. This mixture may be stored for R extended periods without danger of fire, odor or vectors. Since RDF may be stored, this process has an advantage when it is not neces- sary or desirable to produce heat (steam) or electricity on a, continuous basis. Where the.RDF has a high moisture content, however, it tends to bind together like paper mache under its own weight after a few days storage. Naturally, this multiplies RDF handling problems. s� t� Q �x t� r �t as t RDF has an advantage in areas such as California where the ash is classified as a hazardous waste. ROF produces less than one-third of the amount of ash produced by mass burning process. It has been reported, however, that this procedure has increased the severity of ash handling and boiler slagging problems. Markets for recovered materials, when they exist at all, are subject to supply and demand. Source separation projects can flood local markets causing anticipated revenues to evaporate. RDF requires larcQ capital expenditures in order to construct the front end separation and recovery. Limitations are also, associated with the efficiency of air classification and the noise and occasional explosions associated with shredding. Another factor that increases the cost associated with this process is the frequent maintenance cf shredders, air classifiers and conveyors. Operating Experience - Madison, Wisconsin One of the more successful RDF facilities is located in Madison. It pro- duces 250 tons per day of shredded, air classified fuel which is trans- ported to Madison Gas & Electric. Scrap iron is also separated at the plant. A-V-1v �a New Orleans, Louisiana The New Orleans plant is designed for and processes 650 tons per day of refuse, however, the plant has no customers for the fuel and the product continues to be landfilled. Scrap iron, aluminum and glass are sepa- rated, however. no market exists to date for the glass. Chicago, Illinois (Southwest) �t This plant has been plagued with problems ever since it started opera- tions in 1976. It was designed to handle 1000 tons per day of refuse. Current estimates indicate that ten million dollars may be required to fully correct problems. The plant is not producing fuel at this time but is being used as a transfer station. , Akron, Ohio This plant began operations in late 1979 and, on intermittent operation, has been averaging 600 to 700 tons per day. The plant was designed for t 1000 tons per day. The multi -ram pit receiving station has created major operational problems. Several forms of remedial action are under consideration. P ro�i s..._........ __ F t Pyrolysis is the process whereby organic materials are heated in the absence of oxygen to produce a gaseous or liquid product and a solid, carbon -rich residue. Coal has been pyrolyzed for hundreds of years to produce coke. Wood has been pyrolyzed for thousands of years to produce charcoal. t In any pyrolysis process, heat must be supplied to drive the py rolytic reac- tion. The objective of this whole process is to produce bvo products, one of which is a gaseous or liquid product that is high in energy value, the other product a char, which is carbon mixed with ash and inert material. While some pyrolytic processes currently under development began by attempt- ing to pyrolyze unprocessed -efuse as received, it is generally conceded that A-V-lvi W significant process improvements can be attained by first shredding and air classifying the waste, to produce -.s rich a cellulosic feedstock as possible. While the pyrolytic process may not necessarily degrade the metal and glass, the overall energy balance'is reduced somewhat since. the energy used to heat the inert portion of the waste does not contribute to the energy_ value of the derived pyrolysis products. t Pyrolysis produces a fuel which may be stored indefinitely, not unlike other conventional fuels such as coal or oil. The fuel produced is also one that can be uti-l•ized by a wider variety of energy consumer than RDF. The front- end -separation processes used in pyrolysis are similar to those for RDF and so the advantages and disadvantages associated with materials separation and t recovery are also similar. ki The limitations of the process should be clearly recognized. First, while tI the pyrolysis of cellulosic products is clearly technically feasible, no o appli,caticrc of this technology to the solid waste field has been adequately tZO demonstrated on. a full-scale basis as of this date; therefore, the process JAI remains experimental at this point. The ash or char by-product is tiresently i� classi:€ed in California as a hazardous waste and must be disposed of in a Class i landfill. Another'limi,tation which must be thoroughly understood is the potential �. dangers inherent within the pyrolysis process. Pyrolitic gases, liquids and tars -have been shown -to be highly corrosive ana carcinogenic. i rat Additionally, the pyrolysis plant, having an air classifier and shredder, suffers the same front-end problems described above in the RDF system. j ` Finally, even using state-of-the-art design, approximately 34% of the processed material must be landfilled. M kI MW , A-V-iVii 044 Operating Experience The E1 Cajon Resource 'Recovery Demonstration Facility was a research/pilot pyrolysis plant which failed to sustain operation due to technical problems (mainly the inability to cope with the actual behavior of solid waste circulating i n 'the pyrolysis complex) . Production of pyrolyti c fuel was erratic. ti e } Mass -Burning This group of systems includes all process technology -geared to burn the com- bustib7e portion of solid waste to produce steam and electricity. All of these processes and systems have one thing in common - the energy product must be used instantly since -there is no practical method today to store steam or el ectri-cal energy. } In the typical mass burning operation ordinary refuse is fed into the furnace " in the same form as it is collected and delivered to the plant. No sorting t or preparation is required, and little manual labor is necessary. Oversize; , bulky. pieces are removed only because of their physical dimensions. The sys- tem does not depend upon a-shre3'dee— for operation- The waste is dumped into ,a rdcei vi ng pit upon arrival at the facility. Refuse is transferred to the feed -hopper by means of an overhead crane. A ram -type feeder then moves the refuse onto a moving grate. Constant movement of the refuse by the grate fi bars causes the drying, voiitalization, ignition and burnout phases of com bustion to -occur simultaneously-, resulting in very thorough refuse burnout. Integrated with the grate is the boiler in which steam is generated. Gases from the furnace are then sent to air pollution control equipment before being discharged to the atmosphere. Residue from the grates is quenched, cooled and transported to the materials separation and recovery system. This resi-due typically consists of approximately 50% glass, 20 to 25% scrap metals, 20 to 25% minerals and approximately 5% combustibles. A-V-1viii Depending upon the nature of the local energy consumers, the plant may be designed to be: I. A steam generating plant selling high temperature steam for industrial processes or'hot water for heating. 2.. An electric power generating plant converting steam to electricity for sale. 3. An, air cordi ti oni n g ,pl ant converting steam to chilled water for sale which ,cool d also sell steam or hot water. 4': A ,hybrid .combi nati on of the above. Since the facility must be located in close proximity to the energy user, it may sometimes,be difficult to ensure that this site is also the optimum location fora solid waste processing facility. The 'advantages of ,a ig y mass buenn of system i'ncl ude: 1) - greater demonstrated 4 rel i atii 1 i ty ,than- RDF or pyrolysis system and 2)reduced capital and operational expense .due to lack of front-end processing. The -concern with the environmental question of air quality must be addressed t� for any direct combustion process, -whether mass burning or RDF. While many t� techni-ques exist today for exhaust gas and particulate clean-up, and are used on plants throughout the world, air quality standards in California are more stringent than most regions. Since air quality is a question of primary concern in the California air basins, this question must be thoroughly i explored. Operating Experience - Saugus, Massachusetts This facility represents one of the more successful large scale waste -to - energy plants in the United States. It has been operating continuously t� since 1976, processing approximately 1150 tons per day. All operational 1 problems have been corrected. Scrap iron is recovered from the ash resi- due and steam is sold to an electric plant nearby. }t bo A-V-lix Chicago, Illinois (Northwest) This facility, which was designed for 1600 tons per day, has been operating continuously since 1971 processing an average of 1200 tons per day. This plant also removes scrap iron from the ash. Recently a steam customer was found and certain modifications are being,made to satisfy the quality requirements. Europe and Japan There are as many as 300 to 400 mass burning faciliti-es in operation in these two areas. A particular tribute to the satisfactory performance that has been delivered is the fact that a number of plants nave been -rebuilt, as the original facility reached: physical obsolescence. The major concl usi om of this -experience it that mass burning of unprepared municipal solid waste is -well established and can be technically reliable, envi-ronmentally acceptable and an economic solution to the municipal waste disposal problem. With each incremental jump in the price.of energy, these -systems, where a steam.or electrical power market exists, become increasingly attractive. A-V-lx L4 LA APPENDIX A-V-2 EL CAJON RESOURCE RECOVERY DEMOWTR"ATION FACILITY Nisi A 200 tons per day municipal solid waste (MM resource recovery center was designed -and built at a, cost of $14.5 million by Occidental Research I ~ Corporation.40RO for San Diego Count y, ty, with -the help of a grant from the Environmental Protection Agency (1?A).. Contributions were: ORC, $8.2 pillion; EPA, $4.3 million; San Diego County, 32.0 mill -ion. The Demonstration Center at El Cajon was to test the production of liquid 'fuel from the organic portion of solid waste by means of •pyrol,ysi.s. The fuel produced was to be purchased by the San Diego Gas & Electric Company. The plant was also -designed to recover glass, aluminum and ferrous metals from the incoming solid waste. '(The.process had successfully worked on a,4 tons Per .day level. It was projected for .Large scale, 1000 tons per- day, use.) is 14 Plant construction began in November 1975. In August 1977 the first process tt runs were made with shredded waste being fed into the pyrolysis subsystem. Much experience was gained with front end processing (c..version of raw solid ear waste to a fine_ feed suitable for pyrolysis). " Due to technical- problems production of pyrolytic fuel, was erratic. (An estimated 6,600 gallons were produced.) Before funds ran out and operations t were suspended in March 1978, the plant had operated its front-end and the aluminum recovery portion for 376 hours, the glass nicovery subsystem for 50 hours, and the pyrolysis subsystem for about 140 hours (see Table A-V-1). The chief problem in the pyrolysis area was the unexpectedly high loss of solids. As a result it was necessary to continually add solids to sustain the reaction. The frequent plugging of the cyclones remained an unsolved problem for the plant. Some of the fine inorganic material also carried over into the pyrolytic fuel. The more difficult problem seemed to be the unanti- cipated degree of loss of solids and the frequent plugging of cyclones. The recycle gas compressors caused operating problems and increased maintenance A=V-2i ,Y Y costs because they had to be disassembled to remove coke deposits after every 12 to 15 hours on -stream. Other operating problems with the pyrolysis complex included the flue gas ka valve, which failed repeatedly; the rotary feed valve, which proved to be an unsatisfactory sealing device between the reactor surge bin and the pyrolysis reactor; and the surge bin. itself, which was not a -good metering device, given the low density of the shredded material at that point. The reactor feed system operated sati-sfactorily only at rates under 5,000 lb/hour; that, is, only at about half the design rate. Termination of Operations In early 1978, it -was agreed: -that a sustained 72-hour run of the pyrolysis complex would be a reasohab.16 test of the advisability of attempting to con- tinue'the project. This objective was -not met for reasons described above, And the operation was closed down in March 1978. The .El Cajon project was, by definition, a demonstration project, one step removed from *the controlled research environment. As such, the project iden- ` tified operating problems and offered a setting for attempts to solve then __ problems identified prior to preceeding with the full scale, 1,000 tons per day facility. A-V-21i Table A-V-1 SUMMARY OF PRODUCTION Hours 6� Part of System Operated Input Output FRONT END 376 4754 tons raw MSW FERROUS METALS 276 309 tons ` (nagnetic ,recovery) ALUMINUM SUBSYSTEM 376 8.12 tons 4 GLASS SUBSYSTEM 50 14.0 tons ( PYROLY.SIS SUBSYSTEM ( TOTAL VERATION 140, WITH MEASURED FUEL ,PRODUCTION 78:42 103 tons shredded MSW 6656 gal 156 bbl (_wet basis) 4 FUEL YIELD Process not at steady state; therefore yield circulation questionable. a tmg ,t W -1 ,t A-V-2iii Table A-V-2 = LOG OF PYROLYSIS RUNS WITH MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE ` DATE PYROLYSIS LIQUID PRODUCT FEED TIME (Hr:Min) PRODUCED (Gal) REASON FOR TERMINATING 8/25/77 1:15 est. 122 Plug fn cold ash standpipe and 94 extensive damage to afterburner refractory. 9/,15/77 0:07 __ Loss of circulation from hopper � caused by chunks of solids formed by injecting quench water. 10/05/77 3:30 est. 360 Plugged product cyclones. 10/12/77 3:35 est. 344 Rubble in hopper plugging � entrance to hot standpipe. 10/19/77 3:10 est. 300 Plugged product cyclones. 1"1/17/77 8:00 est. 770 Low pressure recycle gas compres- sor coked up and refractory failure in the flue gas valve. 12/16/77 5:00 est. 480 Minimum circulating solids inven- tory -- no makeup solids avail- able. 12/21/77 8:00 est. 770 Low pressure recycle gas compres- 4 sors coked up. 12/28-29/77 13:10 250 Seal failures in both low pres- sure recycle gas compressors. 01/10-13/78 28:40 est. 2,700 Plugged secondary burner cyclone, burned hole in the side of the afterburner. 03/06-14/78 28:18 2,700 Lost circulation from hopper; standpipe screen broke loose and rubble plugged the standpipe. TOTAL 140 hr 12,401* *Adjusted to 15% water from 50-60% in the original product. Note: 6,556 gal. measured, 5846 gal. est. A-V-21v FIGURE A—V-1 61MPUFIED FLOWCHART OF OCCIDENTA 'g RESOURCE RECOVERY/pYftOLYSt3 PROCESS V4cLtw4v a�neaae as+treeoe mow aameorer aMmocee --� Avg= 0 Q 0 �•� autsS weftmar KaA rERMA mcm A-V-2v IfA r AM 7D ATWCWHM �eiororc 1111 w�o�w owe canoe R ,Q, Project Background APPENDIX A-V-3 SAN DIEGO ENERGY RECOVERY PROJECT The State of California, seeking to assist local jurisdictions to achieve the reduction in the amount of waste landfilled, initiated early planning for major waste -to -energy resource recovery projects in California. Local governments and private entities were asked to submit prospective sites for resource recovery facilities. f �Y The City of San Diego nominated a piece of city -owned property south of 32nd i� Street on Harbor Drive as a candidate site. The State SoliManagement F d Waste Tana g ent Board hired Stanton, Stockwell/Henningson Durham and Richardson (SS/HDR) to t conduct a detailed feasibility study on all sites offered by local jurisdic- tions throughout California. The final result was that San Diego's Harbor t Drive, along with sites in San Francisco, Alameda, Humbolt, Los Angeles County/Long Beach and Contra Costa, were given support by the State Solid Waste Management Board for planning resource recovery plants. � >r The Harbor Drive site is surrounded by Naval StZtion property. The Navy authorized SS/HDR to study two Navy -owned properties as alternatives to Harbor Drive. These properties, Navy Sites 1 & 2, are located an eithei side . of 8th Street at Harbor Drive,in National City. The study, entitled "Phase ►.. II -A, San Diego/Navy Energy and Materials Recovery" concluded that any of the three sites under construction "could house a large resource recovery facility". Site,2 was subsequently withdrawn from consideration in January 1982. Two additional sites in San Diego - Site 3 (Main Street and Wabash) and Site 6 (near 12th and K in downtown San Diego) - were studied in the project's ._, environmental impact report (EIR). Site 5 in Chula Vista, not originally analyzed in detail, was added to the Draft EIR in the spring of 1982. A-V-31 3 With the com'plation of the feasibility study and the selection of San Diego as a candidate site, the City and the County of San Diego formed a joint task force in 1977 to pursue the San Diego Energy Recovery (SANDER) Project. In the fall of 1981 the San Diego City Council and County Board of Supervisors approved a Joint Powers Agreement establishing a Joint Power Authority - SANDER. The current membership of the Board of Directors of the Authority is two members from the County Board of Supervisors, two members from the San Diego City Council, and two nonvoting members, a State Assemblyman and a Chula Vista City Council member. This Board meets monthly to provide direction to staff. The County of San Diego, as the State's designated Regional Planning Authority for solid waste, is lead agency for SANDER. The County provides the staff and a major portion of the funding for project development and planning. The City of San Diego contributes funds annually. In June 1979 the County of San Diego issued a Request for Information and Qualifications (RFI&Q) to the resource recovery industry for design, con- { 1 struction and operation of a 1200 ton per -day municipal solid waste -to -energy facility. Eighteen responses were received and a panel of nationally I recognized solid waste management and financial experts reviewed and t evaluated the RFI&Q responses. The evaluation criteria were based on four t areas: 1. Technical reliabilty ; 2. Experience in design, construction and operation of major waste -to -energy facilities 3. Financial strength of the responding firm to undertake Z-' a major resource recovery project 4. Ability to meet environmental restrictions in San Diego 0 A-V-31 i J EM Project Planning Activities After pre -qualifying of four firms, City &County staff began work the issuance of a request for proposal. In February 1980 the StateSolid to Waste Management Board awarded the County a grant for 5308,059 to develop the project's financial plan, environmental impact report and obtain a permit to l; construct and operate from the local air pollution control district. The County contracted with an environmental consulting firm and financial advisor to provide those services. Public information specialists were hired to pro- vide a coordinated program to inform San Diego residents about the project. Through the Environmental Protection Agency's Technical Assistance Program, a s marketing marketing consultant updated the original feasibility study' 1' g data. to Bond counsel and a technical/management consultant were under contract to the end of 1980 as the project moved closer to Phase III planning as defined by the Solid Waste Management Board. fat Staff also called upon the experience and knowledge of the San Diego Ecology Centre to provide information on the current and projected recycling in the project's service area. The Ecology Centre was given a contract to do secondary materials market development and an implementation plan to increase recycling and source separation in the SANDER service area. The technical/ management Consultant conducted a waste composition and characterization f study at the Miramar and Otay Landfills. Valuable information on the ►� components in the garbage will be ascertained from this study. This informa- tion will be used to design the facility's boilers, to assist in determining expected air emissions and to determine the amount of recyclables in the waste. A $32,000 grant from the SSWMB funded this study. In the Spring of 1981, the State Solid Waste Management Board undertook a study of resource recovery plant ash residue for the benefit of all State ' projects. While EPA has classified the ash as nonhazardous, State regula- tions classify this residue as hazardous, requiring disposal at a Class I landfill. For most projects this is a problem because of the scarcity of A-V-3iii Glass I sites in California. For all projects the cost of disposing of the residue as hazardous waste appears to be prohibitive. The results of the fit::: study were preliminary and will require additional tests before the State can determine the classification. *, In San Diego, a portion of the Otay Landfill, cnly 11 miles from the proposed SANDER sites, is being set aside for residue disposal. The Otay Landfill has ' ideal geological conditions for hazardous waste dispo—il. Project Economics f z� Although sanitary landfilling is the method of disposal of solid waste cur- , rently used in San Diego, elected officials and people in solid waste manage- ment have recognized for some time that it is no longer a long-term solution t to solid waste disposal in San Diego Ccunty. Costs for collecting and } disposing of wastes have steadily increased due to higher fuel costs, longer haul distances, aad acquisition costs. Also, it has been estimated that fully meeting new Federal regulations could add significantly tQ the cost of •r landfill disposal. W , In analyzing the economic viability of the SANDER Project, a number- of �! assumptions concerning costs, revenue and,inflation were made (Table A-V-3). SANDER`s financial advisor and SANDER staff have conservatively structured these assumptions: costs were slightly overestimated, while revenues were underestimated. Data from San Diego Gas & Electric, the four pre -qualifies. firms and the financial advisor were programmed into a resource recovery economic computer model. 1t t Several computer runs were made altering one or :.ore variables. These com- puter runs provided staff with the cost and revenue_ ranges used in the eco- nomic analysis. Based upon these assumptions, the project would produce a positive net revenue to the County and City over the 20-year financing period. A-V-ai v a TABLE A-V-3 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS Assumptions • 1 March 17, 1981 "JAPiTAL COSTS A& s 7,400,000 . S(jkgngs 43ite,4"tral Purpose, special Purpose) $12,850,000 �1� Steam and`Slectrfcal Genezling Equipment $34,300,000 (3) $ 6,300,000 (E) AY iOCiudw Control Equipment $15,000,000 ;: Pcwg StOrii $ 630,000 C en 30� other (Mecb., Pipe, Elect. Req-) $24,326,000 $ 51600,000 t� • OPE'"IATiNG AND MAINTENANCE COSTS Liba Costs• 65.Sobs'(66Op., 4 Sup., 6 Adm.) s 1.430.000 + $572,000 CWOrnent.'Repw, Maktenance. Perpkm=nent 5 2, 22,000000 + 5810,000 Utwties UsutanCe $ 4S0,0a0 Tsxes '— Nement $ 1,000.000 617.0000 3ONa ISSUE . Intezest Rate lo.s� Tenn 30 Years Piiic ipai and inter of Repayment Schedule L44e1 V.S. W4istment Rate 13.5% (Reserve Aacc=t 12.0%) Reserve 0ne Year O.S. Is uancs Costs 4` Capitalized !.'ntemst :IT �iNL.ta )F1 Start up Costs 3 Yeats f 7,400,000 inflation Rates "a C*w lilt Operating & Maintenance 10% Energy Costs S Revenues (196-195 V EnerV Revenues (Elect) 6.764 KM '-� Product Yleld Steam from Sood Waste 265,000 lb./l,r. Eectncity from Stearn 18.6 Hit 0-4; IME SCHEDULE ~instruction ftiod Start 1/83 (3 Years) Start Up 1/86 REFUSE TONNAGE 438,000 TPY (11200 TPO) ,.. ' eased on System Contractors and Mitre Corp. t' A-V-3v (, om x 0 z 0 .i FIGURE A-V-2 METROPOLITAN DISPOSAL SYSTI LM COST COMPARISON 1980 1985186 1990 1995 2000 2005 YEAR Syssetn without SANDER System with SANDER • Inflation rate A-V-3vi R m4 SANDER can produce revenue; the addition of SANDER to the metropolitan land- fill system will lower costs. Figure A-V-2 shows how SANDER affects the cost of the metropolitan system. The addition of SANDER to the present system produces an estimated $7 million savings in 1995 and $20 million savings in 2000 with a 10% inflation rate. With a more severe 15% annual inflation, SANDER would save the metropolitan system an estimated $13 million in 1995 and $26 mi'l l i on in 2000. a The Project economics were based on public ownership. The SANDER Joint Powers Authority Board of Directors has included the option for private ownership -in the requests for proposals (RFP). Under public ownership, the SANDER Authority would issue revenue bonds to fN finance the project. Under private ownership one financing mechanism which k> could be used by a system contractor would be the California Pollution Fi nanci ng Authori ty. . fii Mdrri l-I Lynch is recommending that the RFP require all four firms to submit 4 -a bids based upon public ownership (the SANDER Joint Powers Authority) and private operation of the SANDER facility. However, it is also proposed that the RF? encourage the firms to submit an additional bid based upon complete private ownership and/or the partial contribution of private capital to "the project. The reason for this dual approach is that public ownership/private operation has been evaluated as an economically viable option; however, private contribution of capital may be especially beneficial in lowering tipping fees at the facility, especially in the early years. The SANDER Authority Directors has concurred in this approach. Public Information The SANDER Project is actively involved in a public information program, with the assistance of a public information consultant. The primary effort is to make prezentations to different organizations including elected officials, civic organizations, community -oriented citizen groups, labor organizations A-V-3vi i APPENDIX A—VIII—I STATE AGENCIES INVOLVED IN HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Regional Water Quality Control Board The protection of.underground water quality,is a major consideration 'in the disposal• of hazardous wastes. The State Regional Water Quality Control Board regulates the selection of sites for disposal of Class I wastes and monitors surrounding groundwater for possible contamination. State Department of Health Services The State Health and Safety. Code, Chapter 6.5, assigns to: •the- Cal-.ifornia 'State'Department of Health Services (SDOHS) responsibility for developing the State"s hazardous waste management program. SDOHS is required to aeldpt ,regu- i lations,foe the handling, processing and disposal of both hazardous and extremely hazardous wastes so as to protect against hazards to the public i health; to domestic livestock and to wildlife. In addition, .the -Department is required to evaluate and -coordinate research and development of methods of -hazardous waste handling -and disposal. The Department al -so renders technical -assistance to State arid- local agencies in the planning and operation of •hazardous waste -management programs and provides surveillance of hazardous fy waste processing and disposal practices in the State. Enforcement of the minimum,standards and regulations can be performed by SDOHS Con the'recommendation of San Diego County Department of Health Services) or the District Attorney under the authority of the local health officer. Guidelines for the management of hazardous waste in California were promulgated by SDOHS in February 1975. Title ?.2 of the Administration Code identifies those substances considered hazardous and extremely hazardous and regulates their handling and disposal. One requirement is the use of the California Registered Waste Hauler Record or "manifest". This provides a permanent record of the waste hauled, the name of the generator, the transporter and the disposal site. Such records will aid in the development of an information bank on generation and disposal of hazardous wastes and permit more effective control. SDOHS plans to have A-VIII-li 0 bei 0 this information on a computer program in 1982. A copy of the manifest form is included in the Appendix (A-VIII-4). SDOHS, through its Hazardous Waste Management for 'implementing and enforcingg ent Branch (H�IMB), is responsible provisions of the State s Hazardous Waste Control Act and pursuant regulations. This authority is found in Division 20, Chapter 6.5, Sections 25100 et seq., Health and Safety Code (H&SC), and T Title 22, Division 4, Chapter 30, Sections 66016 et seq., California Administrative Code (CAC). In fulfilling -its mandate, SDOHS works closely with a number of ether govern- mental, agencies, including the State Water Resources Control Board, the Regional Water Quality Control Boards, the State Solid Waste Management Board, the Department of Industrial Relations, the Office of Appropriate Technology; regional councils of governments, county health departments, and both State and local law enforcement agencies. The primary goal of the California hazardous waste management program is to- i .protect public health and the environment by ensuring, through regulatory and :I enforcement actions, proper and safe handling, st;,rage, transport and dis- posal of hazardous waste materials. The program also is committed to the conservation of land, material and energy resources through the promotion and } support of waste reduction, waste treatment and resource recovery t activities. This program can be divided into ten major areas of activity: 1) Establishment of criteria, lists and testing protocols for the identification of hazardous wastes. ws 2 Development of an information base on hazardous waste generation in the State. 3) Regulation of hazardous waste transportation, including 9 Permit 4) Regulation of hazardous waste treatment, storage and disposal prac- tices; control of design and operation of treatment, storage and disposal practices; and control of use of land on or adjacent to properties having received hazardous waste. Permitting authority is also included. A-VIII-lii a 5) Inspection, surveillance and enforcement actions to ensure compliance of hazardous waste generators, transporters, facility operators and "other persons engaged in hazardous waste activites with applicable State laws and regulations. 6) Siting of new hazardous waste facilities. 7) Promotion of'waste reduction, waste treatment and resource recovery activities. 8) Identification and assessment of abandoned hazardous waste disposal sites. 9 ) Public education and public participation in facility permitting, facility siting and other program activities. 10) Program planning and administration. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES POLICY OF HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT In order to reduce the State's dependence on chemical landfills, and to Fir reduce the potential threats to public health resulting from the land disposal of untreated toxic wastes, the Hazardous Waste Management Program of i' the State will, ,hift emphasis towards minimizing the need for new Class I sites. t� All new treatment and disposal regulations developed will reflect the following principles: a� 1. "Landfill disposal of certain high priority hazardous wastes will be prohibited. (In part this has been accomplished by the signing of an �k Executive Order by the Governor on October 13, 1981.) 2. All hazardous waste disposal facilities will be required to incorpor- ate the best practicable treatment technology to remove or minimize the' toxic hazards of waste prior to disposal. 3. Producers of hazardous waste will be encouraged to reduce the volume of hazardous waste at the point of generation; and by employing volume reduction techniques. 4. Industry will be encouraged to add on -site treatment of hazardous waste to existing industrial processes and to undertake continuous ~- efforts to alter industrial processes to reduce the amount of hazard- ous waste produced. ._ 5. Industry will be encouraged to separate specified recyclable materials from hazardous wastes at the point of waste generation. A-VIII-1iii Class I landfills will continue to be necessary even after the action items listed above are fully implemented. This is because their remains a hazardous residue generated in various treatment processes and for wastes with low concentrations of hazardous constituents. To ensure adequate capacity in, and an adequate number of, Class I landfills, OOHS working with local agencies will: 1. Exercise, leadership in assuring the availability of adequate, safe and reliable hazardous waste disposal facilities. DOHS will also render assistance to local agencies and others in identifying and evaluating potential disposal facilities. 2. Prepare statewide procedures to be followed for the siting of new hazardous waste facilities. 4 ' Ys- APPENDIX A—VIII-2 HAZARDOUSWASTE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL IN CALIFORNIA The following material has been excerpted from ALTERNATIVES TO THE LAND DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTES - AN ASSESSMENT FOR CALIFORNIA by The Toxic Waste Assessment Group, Office of Appropriate Technology. HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION AND DISPOSAL IN CALIFORNIA According to EPA,, California is the fourth largest generator of hazardous wastes.in the nation. The California Department of Health Services estimates .that about 5 million tons per year of hazardous wastes are generated by California industries. Very little comprehensive data has been available on the chemical composition, source, and disposal methods for the State's [[a hazardous wastes. 4' The Iffice of Appropriate Technology (OAT) was awarded a contract to perform i II a detailed waste characterization study and is responsible for promoting technologies that are'less harmful to people and tha environment than the technologies of the past. The Office assists and advises the Governor, State t� government, and the public on cost-effective, energy -efficient, and environ- mentally benign technologies. OAT promotes energy and resource conservation, +g energy education, affordable housing, waste recycling and conversion, toxic r, waste management, and technical innovation in cogeneration, agriculture, wind �.� energy, and small-scale hydropower. OAT works closely with other State agen- cies in carrying out cooperative projects and in distributing information to ` the public. The Office of Appropriate Technology was awarded a contract to perform a detailed Waste Characterization Study. Since very little information was available concerning on -site disposal of hazardous wa!,tes, the initial study fucused only on hazardous wastes transported off -site to the State's licensed hazardous waste disposal facilities. Information will soon be available from the EPA concerning on -site disposal of hazardous wastes in the State, and will be used to perform the second phase of the Waste Characterization Study. A-VIII-2i Of the estimated 5 million tons generated, approximately 1.3 million tons per year of hazardous wastes are handled in off -site hazardous waste disposal facilities in California. F{ Two very important factors should be explained regarding this figure: 1. The figure is a "crys-tal' ball" estimate -arrived at based .on the manifested off -site eigure of 1.3 million tons. 2. The vast percentage of the composition of the "hazardous wastes" is 04 water and only a relatively smaller figure is the hazardous chemical or substance. r The five largest.categories of hazardous wastes are: " . Drilling muds from oil and gas production (10% of total) . Aqueous solutions, with organics (8% total) • Flue -gas scrubber liquid (6% of total) • Acidic solutions with heavy metals (5.5% of total) . Pesticides and wastes (5% of total) .y Other waste categories comprising significant portions of the waste stream are heavy-metal sludges, tank bottom sediments, aqueous solutions with reac- tive anions, and mixtures of oil, sediment, and water. r The major industries which generate hazardous.wastes that are transported toR Class I sites in the State are petroleum refining, oil and gas extraction, and chemicals and allied products. Within the chemical industry, agricul- tural chemicals account for the largest share of hazardous wastes. Figure A-VIII-1 shows the percentage of the waste stream produced by the major generators of hazardous wastes in California. The Office of Appropriate Technology divided the State into 16 waste gen- erating regions. They are identified in Figure A-VIII-2. w• Region 16 includes a portion of the County of San Diego. During OAT's recent representative sampling of hazardous waste generation, OAT estimated that 2% of the State's volume came from the San Diego corridor identified in Figure 4 A-V I I I -3 . A-VIII-2ii 4.� 1 FIGURE A-VIII-1 MAJOR GENERATORS OF HAZARDOUS WASTES BY INDUSTRY GROUP ylc•kk* *,kkir *•k** 7Y*�k �rk�r* *�A•dck r,., *�Ir/cdr' �•/rirk �x** �•kkk �ri�rkk r �1c�lntk Irk** �t** �•krk ,►�tk* �k* �rhick �x� �Arir�k �-k�lrk ' *�cinlr �1 kie�r �Y�nF•k �r•Ar�c•k �•k*sir yrAr** �Jrk�r irk•*�F '�•k7k�r �•/t�r�r 1t�nt�M *ltvt�k 9rk�tk **irk 7kytir* **rok'ic �k*�rk **Ink Oil & Petroleum Chemicals Fabri- Electric, Electric Transpor- All Gas Ex- Refining & Allied ca•ted Gas & & El ec- tati on Others traction Products Metal Sanitary tronics Equipment Products Services Equip- ment A-VIII-2iii FIGURE A-VIII-2 LOCATION OF WASTE GENERATING REGIONS KEY 1- UPPER CENTRAL VALLEY 1-SACRAMENTO AREA 3-EAST BAY 4 - SONOMA AR... 5-PENINSULA 6 - SOUTH BAY - SAN JOSE 7 . STOCfON AREA 8•FRESNO AREA 9 -COASTAL SAN LUIS OBISPO 10.COASTAL VENTURA 11 • BAKERSFIELD AREA 12 - GREATER LOS ANGELES AREA 13 • LONG BEACH 14 -GREATER ORANGE COUNTY AREA 15 - SAN BERNARDINO / RIVERSIDE 16 - GREATER SAN DIEGO _ ...... • •.n........ ... I '•;y � 1 A-VIII-2iv FIGURE A-VIII-3 GREATER SAN BERNARDINO/RIVERSIDE AND SAN DIEGO AREAS HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION Los Angeles Lcn%,BF -ch, Orange GREATER SAN DIEGO Generates 25,630:tons/year 1.9% of state total Sam Bernadino amino SAN BERNADINO- RIVERSIDE Riverside San Diego GREATER I SAN DIEGO San Ciago Mexico i N Acidic solutions with 11,150 43.5 heavy metals Alkaline oily sludge 2,170 8.5 Other alkaline solutions 1,720 6.7 A-VIII-2v TABLE A-VIII-1 CLASS I SITES as of June '81 (See Figure A-VIII-4) San Francisco Bay Area: 1. Benicia (I.T. Corp) 2. Martinez (,I:T. Corp) 3. West Contra Costa (Richmond) Fresno Coura'ty: 4. Big Blue Hills Kings Count: 5, Kettl eman-Hi:l-1 s Los Angeles County: 6. West Covina (BKK Corp) :Santa Barbara County: 7. Casmalia MATERIALS ACCEPTED Liquids, sludges, acids, bases, pigments, oil & water heavy metals. Limited liquids & sludges, acids, bases, solvents, cyanides & phenols. No pesticides or herbicides. Bulk liquids & sludges, contaminated soils. No barrelled wastes. Only agricultural pesticides and their containers. Open only last 2 weeks in April and last 2 weeks in October. All ,except radioactive and water - reactive wastes. All except explosives and radioactive. Liquids, sludges, pesticide containers, and PCB's. No radioactive or explosives. A-VIII-2vi Ell FIGURE A•VIII-4 LOCATION OF CALIFO"41A'S CLASS I ' HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL FACILITIES Kay 1 - BIS Blue Hills (open 4 weeks/year) 2 - BKK Landfill, West Covina 3 - Casmalla Disposal Company, Casmalla 4 - IT Environmental, Martinez 3 --IT Environmental, Benicia 6 - Liquid Waste Disposal, Kettieman Hills 7 - WCCC Sanitary Landfill, Richmond v.w rw .w1 • w+ »�1 ff G,.M 1- � •�» MMy NN 4 t ww 1t 1 Q�Q L 7 -0 w few ..+. r .rM«.., . ww 2• woo A—VIII-2vii I� hod owl . 1 TABLE A-VIII-2 1 CLASS II-1 SITES, as ,of June '81 MATERIALS ACCEPTED Alameda County: Altamont Sanitary Industrial process;•waste water treatment sludge. Amador ,County: i Buena Vista Landfill Sludge/septage; infectious,pesticide containers; pesticide rinse water. .Col usa- County; Evan's Road Solid Waste Septic tank-pumpings; oil drilling muds; triple -rinse pesticide containers. Contra. Costa County_: Acme Fi11 Sludge/septage; infectious; hazardous, waste -alum flock; asbestos; ASP filter., cake;, oil wastes; centrifuge solids; hydrocarbons; medical wastes; pollution equipment waste; tanning wastes; wastewater sludge. Fresno County: Z-1 Chemical Waste, Management Tank bottom.sediment; scrubber sludge; oily waste; drilling muds. t� Chevron U.S.A. Inc. Tank bottom ,sediment; oil slump sludge,; drilling mud; formation water -brine. ! w� Imperial County: Ij. Imperial Valley Geothermal brines; pesticide containers; neutralized aqueous acids and bases; geothermal drilling muds; rinse waters; petroleum sludge. Kern County Chevron" U.S.A. -- 3C Petroleum brine; drilling mud; tank bottom sediment; oil sump sludge. Chevron U.S.A. Petroleum brines; drilling mud; tank bottom sediment; oil sump sludge. A-VIII-2viii .- TABLE A-VIII-2 (cont'd) CLASS II-1 SITES as of June '81 Kern'County (cont'd) MATERIALS ACCEPTED Environmental Protection Oil sump sludge; oi-1 field brine; rotary mud; tank bottom sediment; scrubber wastes. Kings County: Chevron U.S.A. -- 350 Oil sump; sludge; tank bottom sediment; oil field brine; drilling mud. Lake .County: Eastlake Sanitary Landfill Pesticide, herbicides, fungicide and miticide containers. Geothermal -Incorporated Drilling muds; `water cake sulfur; H2S ,abatement sludge; strettford,sol•ution. I.7Corp. — .Benson Ridge Geothermal drilling mud; brines;. scrubber sl udge. .Los Angeles.Count Fu�nt�'Hii1- Sludge/septage; latex waste; tank bottom sediment; paint sludge; drilling mud. ,Operating,Industries Inc. Drilling muds; paint sludge; tank bottom sediment; mud and water (laundry); latex waste. Monterey County Aurignac, Industrial Drilling muds and brines. Waste Plant Placer County: Western Regional Sanitary Drilling muds/fluids; limited hazardous waste; wastewater sludge; septic tank sludge. San Benito County: John Smith Solid Waste Pesticides in liquid form. Disposal Site A-VIII-2ix TABLE A-VIII-2 (cont'd) CLASS II-1 SITES as of June '81 San• Joaquin C_ ounty; MATERIALS ACCEPTED .Forward 'Incorporated Heavy metals; sludge/septage;•drill-ing muds/fluids. Santa -Cruz County: Santa Cruz City Disposal Site Sludge/septage; tannery waste: ,r Shasta County: Anderson Soli d Waste, Inc. Emergency g y petroleum spills. Siskiyou County: Sleepy Ridge Solid -Waste 6i sposal •Site. Pesticide containers. , Solanb Count: Flannery Road Disposal Site Drilling muds. I.T. Corp., Montezuma Hills Drilling muds; geothermal brines; neutralized aqueous acids and bases; , wastewater treatment solids. Ventura County: J.N.J. Disposal Site Drilling muds and brines. Yolo County: Yolo County Central Landfill Triple -rinsed pesticide containers; drilling muds. A-V I I I --2x WASTES CURRENTLY DISPOSED?* Generators of hazardous and extremely hazardous wastes must dispose of them in licensed facilities approved by the State Department of Health Services and the -State Water Resources Control Board. The Water Board classifies hazardous waste land disposal sites and the wastes they may accept according to potential impacts on ground water quality. Class I sites may overlie usable groundwater only under "extreme cases'-' and may receive all waste groups (except PCBs and radioactive wastes, which can only be disposed of in sites approved by the EPA). Class II-1 sites may overlie or be adjacent to usable ground water but must protect ground water by natural site character- 'istics or site modifications. These sites may accept certain Group 1 (hazardous,) -wastes and all Group 2 and 3 wastes. California -has seven Class I disposal sites (Table A-VIM-1) and at least 17 Class IL-1.sites currently accepting hazardous wastes. 65 Class II-1 sites exist.in the State, although not all of them are currently receiving haz- ardous wastes (Table A-VIII-2). 11 The Department of Health Services is computerizing their data management sys- tem so that up-to-date waste generd ion and -disposal summaries can be obtained at any time. In addition, the Department is in the process of writing permits for the State's on -site waste disposers based on information the,EPA obtained from consolidated permit applications recently submitted pursuant to RCRA. (OAT) As of June 1-979, there were 11 Class I disposal sites in operation in California. The status of these sites as of November 1980 is shown in Table A-VIII-3. It is evident from this table that if disposal at the BKK and Casmalia sites is restricted, wastes from Southern California will have to be transported to the Kettleman Hills site in Kings County (a 650-mile * Thi.s material has been excerpted from the OAT document previously refer- enced and a SDOHS document entitled "A Summary of the California Waste Management Program and State Plan." A-VIII-2xi r� TABLE A-VIII-3 { SUMMARY STATUS OF CALIFORNIA CLASS I HAZARDOUS WASTE DISPOSAL SITES IN NOVEMBER 1980 Number Location Status Of Sites Site Name (County) Permanently Closed 2 Otay San Diego R 4 Palos Verdes Los Angeles k Temporarily closed for 2 Calabasas Los Angeles- ' geological investigations Simi. Valley Ventura t� Open but accepting only- 1 Big Blue Hill's Fresno .t pesticide residues, and.con- Disposal Site , tainers, only 4 weeks/year Open.(after being closed for 3 IT Environmental Contra Costa ' several months beginning Corporation 2/90), but with potential (Martinez) " for restrictions on opera- tion during wet weather, West Contra Costa Contra Costa Sanitary Landfill (Richmond) , IT Environmental Sol ano Corporation (Benicia) Open and unrestricted, but 2 Casmalia Disposal Santa Barbara subject to considerable Site local pressure for closure BKK Landfill Los Angeles , Open and unrestricted, but 1 Kettleman Hills Kings County .w subject to some local Disposal Site pressure for closure A-VIII-2xii __ F round trip from San Diego). It is assumed that on -site storage or illegal disposal of hazardous wastes will increase if firms are unable or unwilling 1 to pay increased charges to transport their wastes to licensed disposal sites. Of the estimated five million tons/year of hazardous wastes generated, approximately 20% is disposed of in regional hazardous wastes disposal sites. The remainder is either recycled, stored or disposed of in industry premises or disposed of illegally in sewer systems, municipal landfills, vacant lands, surface waters and groundwaters. There is an immediate need to assure sufficient, safe disposal sites for California's hazardous wastes. If sufficient hazardous waste treatment and 'disposal sites are not provided, there would be major public health and economic impacts on California. Industries which generate hazardous wastes, t� including the -petrochemical, aircraft manufacturing, electronics and metals processing industries, would have to cease production or the wastes would f, have to be shipped to other states (if they would accapt them) for ultimate „ disposal at great cost in dollars and energy. Illegal disposal to sewer systems, municipal landfills, vacant land, surface waters and groundwaters �= would be encouraged by the lack of both adequate facilfties and adequate - enforcement. This could "nave an adverse impact on public health and the f� State's natural land and water resources. In addition, without new secure disposal facilities, cleanup of known abandoned sites will be extremely costly and perhaps impossible. 1-4 Several new hazardous waste facilities have been proposed for development by waste disposal companies. These proposals have been defeated by strong public opposition, based to a large extent on the lack of confidence in industry's ability to manage wastes safely, a belief that other locations W would be safer and an unwillingness to have a hazardous waste dump in or near the community. Opposition to the development of hazardous waste facilities could be ameliorated to a large extent by the direct involvement of the public in the developemnt of site and facility criteria and in the site _. selection process. A-VIII-2xiii APPENDIX A—Vill-3 TECHNOLOGIES FOR TREATMENT OF HAZARDOUS WASTES i= EPA's "Hazardous Waste Generation and Commercial Hazardous Wa ste Management Capacity An Assessment, December 1980" is the verbatim source of this I section as. fol•l ows: ►A This chapter will briefly discuss 13 of the more promising technologies now emerging as a result of recent research and development efforts. The tech- nologies are listed alphabetically below: ° Cement kilns t ° Chiorinolysis o Co -mingling Fluidized -bed incineration Incineration -at -sea 1 o Land treatment Microwave plasma destruction Ea a Molten salt combustion Molten sodium decomposition k Ozonation' ° Sol idi ficatf d" {- o UV Radiation Wet air oxidation The purpose of the chapter is to give -ome sense of technology trends and how R.. they -might affect the future mix of treatment and disposal methods. w Timing -- The difficulties in moving a technology forward from a bench scale operation to full commercialization are many, and in some instances have proven insurmountable. If a municipal solid waste resource recovery technology is -any indicator, many of the emerging technologies could take 10 to 20 years before full scale operation is proven feasible. In summary, there is a moderately promising future for emerging technologies. With the enactment and more recently the implementation of RCRA, proper dis- posal techniques will be in demand ever more frequently. Yet because most of the emerging technologies are at very early stages of development, it appears that the more innovative technologies will not penetrate the market to a significant degree in the next five years. A-VIII-3i r (1) Cement Kilns The Canadian government has demonstrated that chlorinated hydrocarbons can be used as a boiler fuel in the manufacture of cement. In 1974 waste lubri- cating oils were successfully burned in a cement kiln. In 1976 PCBs and other chlorinated organic wastes were destroyed. Similar tests in Sweden have demonstrated a PCB destruction efficiency of 99.99998 percent. As a result, cement kilns have received considerable attention recently as a reli- able method which can handle avariety of wastes. However, because of w. liability issues there is hesitancy on the part of the cement industry to use the wastes. Moreover, local opposition is typically a problem and it is not yet clear which classes of waste are compatible with the cement -making process. i (2) Chlorinolysis Herbicide orange, still bottoms from organic manufacturing processes, and pesticides can be converted by chlorinolysis to carbon tetrachloride. The technology involves adding chlorine to the waste in a special nickle-stain- less steel reactor under certain temperatures and pressures. The severe oxi- dizing and corrosive environment requires these special reactor materials, increasing the cost of this method substantially. In addition, impurities in x the waste stream, particularly sulfur at extremely low concentrations, can cause either unwanted by-products or system poisoning. Farther studies are underway to determine the ultimate feasibility of this technology. (3) Co -mingling The practice of co -mingling hazardous waste with nonhazardous wastes in land burial sites has been widespread for years. If done improperly or arbitrar- ily severe problems can result. However, in California the practice has been refined such that only compatible wastes are disposed of together and that in all other cases extreme steps are taken to assure isolation. The results on this method are not yet conclusive. California officials have expressed some concern because the process kinetics of the mingling and the ultimate dis- position of the hazardous wastes are not known for sure. A-VIII-3ii (4) Fluidized -bed Incineration Fluidized -beds have been used in petroleum refining since the 1920s, but it is only recently that hazardous wastes have been combusted in them. The process has been used to destroy oil refinery wastes, carbon black, spent pulping liquor, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and phenol. This process involves forcing the waste fluid or gas upward through a bed of solid particles at a rate such that the solids remain in suspension. The resultant complete mix- ing enhances oxidation with a minimum of excess oxygen and temperature. The most serious disadvantage of this technology is the potential for salt fusion and subsequent defluidization of the bed. This is due to the formation of low -melting point mixtures resulting from the incineration of diverse materi- als. As with other incineration options, high construction costs are also a problem. (5) Incineration -at -Sea There are now two functioning incinerator ships; the Valcanus and the Matthias II. The Vulcanus has successfully destroyed chlorinated hydrocar- bons and dioxins. EPA monitored the tests and found destruction essentially ` complete with no hazardous by-products. Since dioxin is among the most dif- ficult wastes to dispose of completely, and since air pollution control mea- sures are not required on these vessels,`th& success of the first tests would seem to indicate a bright future. However, potential regulatory problems with discharges to the ocean (e.g., Clean Water Act Section 403(c) criteria) k� and the fact that sizeable port storage facilities are probably required, make the promise of this technology questionable. (6) Land Treatment �.: Landfarming of oily refinery sludges has been practiced in this country for over 25 years. Other materials that have been successfully landfarmed, in- clude sludges from paper mills and fruit canneries, pharmaceutical wastes, and some organic chemical wastes. The practice involves the spreading of organic wastes onto land and subsequently mixing the waste with surface soil to aerate the mass and expose the waste to soil microorganisms which will decompose the waste. The technical requirements of RCRA will probably con- strict the use of landfarming to suitable hydrogeological areas. Also, land- A-VIII-3iii farming does require large areas of land and the technology is not appropri- ate for wastes containing significant quantities of heav,y metals or other contaminants that are not biodegradable. (7) Microwave Plasma Destruction Microwave plasma has been evaluated in the laboratory as a means of destroy- ing pesticides and other highly toxic materials. Destruction rates range from 99 percent to 99.9999 percent. In this technology electrons are accel- erated in a cavity such that the average electron has sufficient energy to dissociate a molecule or fragment on collision. The problems with this tech- nology are that it is only in its early development and, thus far, only very small cavities can be constructed. (8) Molten Salt Combustion In this process, waste and air are continually introduced under the surface of molten sodium carbonate which is kept at a temperature of 800°C to 1,000°C. The intimate contact of the air and waste with the hot salt pro- duces immediate and complete combustion. The process has been tested with a variety of organic wastes and some low-level radioactive wastes. Destruction rates greater than 99.99 percent have been observed. Unfortunately, the technology is only in the experimental stage and the costs could be prohib- itive. (9) Molten Sodium Decomposition Scientists at the Franklin Research Center have found that molten sodium netkl, in the appropriate solvent medium, can function as a broad -based chem- ical reactant. In tests to date the technology has demonstra'.ed complete combustion of PCBs and experiments are underway to study kepone destruction. This technology is also in its infancy. (10) Ozonation For years ozone (03) has been used as an oxidizing/disinfection agent in wastewater treatment, particularly municipal systems in Europe. A procedure for evaluating chemical compounds susceptible to oxone oxidation has been developed by Fochtman and Dobbs. The applicaicility of this technology to hazardous waste is still being studied. A-VIII-3iv q L �`j a 9 J t i E (11) Solidification A great amount of private research and development has gone into the chemical solidification of wastes --• the development of techniques to bind the wastes into a coherent mass before burial so that leaching of toxic materials into the groundwater is minimized. This method is particularly appropriate for "dirty" inorganic wastes such as industrial sludges. Four techniques are available: cement -based techniques, lime -based techniques, thermoplastic ): binders, and organic binders. Solidification is used very little in this country but has experienced greater utilization in Europe. Unfortunately, long-term monitoring of this method is needed to determine the ultimate disposition of the solid material. In addition, organic contaminants can weaken significantly the cement or other solid material. (12) UV Radiation UV radiation has been used in conjunction with other treatment technologies to destroy hazardous wastes. The Atlantic Research Corporation has developed 'a process for breaking and reducing carbon -halogen bonds in wastes. The compounds are dissolved in methanol and treated with UV radiation and hydro- gen. A high percentage of destruction was reported for kepone and PCBs. Waste have also been degraded successfully using ozone and UV radiation together. Thus, UV radiation shows considerable promi-se as. -a -supplementary technology. (13) Wet Air Oxidation Wet air oxidation has been used largely as a method of conditioning waste- water treatment sludges, and to a limited extent for the treatment of waste- water as well. It does, however, have the potential to be used as an alter- ` native to incineration for certain types of wastes. Wet air oxidation is accomplished by adding air to an aqueous mixture of organics under pressure and elevated temperature. This technology is generally suitable for streams containing about 1 - 30 percent organics by weight. Laboratory demonstra- tions thus far show good destruction by cyanides and chlorinated organics. f s b.d The following material is excerpted from ALTERNATIVES TO THE LAND DISPOSAL OF HAZARDOUS WASTES, AN ASSESSMENT FOR CALIFORNIA, by The Toxic Waste Assessment Group,, Office of Appropriate Technology. A-VIII-3v ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY 0 L In January of 1980, a major new program to reduce the dangers presented by increasing volumes of toxic substances was announced. In support of the Governor's program, the Department of Health Services awarded a contract to the Office of Appropriate Technology to investigate the technical and economic feasibility of using alternative technologies to safely reduce, recover, treat, and destroy California's hazardous wastes (radioactive wastes 4 were excluded from scope of the OAT investigation). The study was intended to document the availability of alternative waste management technologies, and to help redirect the Scate's hazardous waste management program toward x3 the development and use of these technologies. Overview of Alternative Technologies1 Since discoveries at Love Canal in 1978, there has been growing interest ,1 t throughout .the country in the development and use of alternative technologies that can safely reduce, recycle, treat, or destroy hazardous wastes. �i Although the selection of the best hazardous waste management is often a complicated decision for engineers familiar with the production process and waste stream constituents, the following hierarchy is now widely accepted as �{ the optimal management strategy for hazardous wastes: ° Waste Reduction: At the source by changing the industrial process- ; es so that hazardous by-products are not produced. , Recycling: (Reusing waste materials) and Resource Recovery (ex- tracting valuable materials from a waste stream) offer opportun- ities for reducing dependence on landfill disposal. Physical, Chemical, and Biological Treatment (includes dewater- ing). ° Incineration: Organic materials which cannot be effectively recy- cled or treated. Solidification/Stabilization of Residuals Before Landfilling: The use of encapsulation techniques to "solidify" wastes and make them less permeable. A-VIII-3vi During the last several years, a great deal of new technical literature has _ been developed on recycing, treatment, incineration, and solidification technologies for hazardous waste management. In recent regulations for hazardous waste permits, the Environmental Protection Agency identified over 70 differp-'� potential alternatives to land disposal. -� A variety of both physical and chemical technologies are now used to recycle or recover valuable resources from hazardous wastes. The selection of the most effective technology depends upon the wastes being treated. A common method of categorizing alternative waste treatment technologies is as follows: ° Physical Treatment Chemical Treatment Biological Treatment ° Incineration ° Stabilization/Solidification Treatment d Physical Treatment Technologies These processes are very useful for: a ° Separating hazardous materials from an otherwise non -hazardous waste stream so they may be treated in a more concentrated form; Separating various hazardous components for different treatment processes; and Preparing a waste stream for ultimate destruction in a biological or thermal treatment process. Physical processes commonly used in waste treatment operations are: ° Screening ° Sedimentation Flotation ° Filtration ° Centrifugation ° Dialysis ° Electrodialysis ° Reverse Osmosis ° Ul trafil t-ration Y ° Distillation ° Solvent Extraction ° Evaporation �- ° Adsorption ° Solar Evaporation A-VII I-3vi i I Chemical Treatment Technologies Chemical treatment technologies treat waste by altering the chemical structure of the constituents to produce either an innocuous or a less hazardous material. ? Chemical treatment operations commonly used in treating wastes: ° Neutral-ization ° Precipitation ° Ion Exchange ° Chemical Dechlorination ° Chemical Oxidation t� Biological Treatment Technologies Biological waste treatment is a generic term applied when living micro- organisms are used to decompose organic wastes into either water, carbon dioxide, and simple inorganics, or into simpler organics such as aldehydes] and -acids. �l The five principal types of conventional biological treatment are: i ° Activated Sludge ` ° Aerated Lagoon ° Trickling Filters ° Waste Stabilization Ponds ° Anaerobic Digestion There are also innovative approaches under development that use biological ') processes for treating wastes. The processes are: biological seeding, fluidized -bed reactor, deep -shaft aeration, and pure oxygen systems. Incineration and Pyrolysis Technologies Incineration reduces the volume or toxicity of organic wastes by exposing them to high temperatures. If the wastes are heated with oxygen present, combustion ocurs and the process is called incineration. If the wastes are exposed to high temperatures in an oxygen -starved envi- ronment, the process is called pyrolysis. A-VIII-3vi ii Q Hazardous waste incineration and pyrolysis systems include: Single Chamber Liquid Systems ° Rotary Kiln ° Fluidized -Bed Incineration ° Multiple Hearth ° Molten Salt Combustion At -Sea Incineration Cement Kilns ° Coincineration ° Pyrolysis Plasma Arc Torch ° High -Temperature Fluid Wall .' Solidification/Stabilization Technologies "Solidification" and "stabilization" are treatment systems designed to accom- plish one or more of the following: 1) improve handling and the physical characteristic of the waste, 2) decrease the surface area across which k transfer or loss of contained pollutants can occur, and 3) limit the solubil- ity of, or detoxify, any hazardous constituents contained in the wastes. Solidification implies that these results are obtained primarily, but not exclusively, via the production of a monolithic block of treated waste with ! E* high structural integrity. Stabilization techniques limit the solubility or L� detoxify waste contaminants, even though the physical characteristics of the t waste may not be changed. Stabilization usually involves the addition of materials that ensure the hazardous constituents are maintained in their E� least soluble and/or toxic form. Summary of Alternate Technologies Most of the technologies described in this chapter have been used in indus- trial processes for many years. During the last few years, their application has been extended to the management of hazardous wastes. The most widely used technologies for hazardous waste management now include: Physical Treatment: Biological Treatment: ° Sedimentation ° Waste -Stabilization Ponds ° Filtration ° Activated Sludge ° Solar Evaporation Distillation ° Flotation ° Adsorption A-VIII-3ix Chemical Treatment: ° Neutralization ° Precipitation ° Stabilization/Solidification Incineration: ° Liquid Injection Systems ° Rotary Kilns I iI In addition to conventional treatment and destruction processes, many new and advanced technological approaches for managing hazardous wastes are in var- iaus stages of development. These treatment and incineration technolo ies g either lessen the cost of waste reduction or reduce environmental pollution related to waste destruction. In order to further the development and use of these innovative hazardous waste management technologies, the Office of Appropriate Technology is �l carrying out�a project with the Environmental Protection Agency to document emerging technologies, evaluate what is known about these technologies, and (I supplement this information with actual operating data where needed. �} -- (This concludes excerpted materials) The technologies presented in this section are not meant to be a sive comprehen- compilation of all emerging technologies or � 6 systems of technologies. Activated carbon, ion exchange, and ultrafiltration Ri are three examples of other innovative technologies perhaps suitable for hazardous waste. In addi- tion, industrial waste exchanges have shown k� some promise as a means to recy- cle or recover useful components in waste. All of these technologies together will form the future system of alternatives. + The question remains, however, as to the extent to which each technology will ' ket. penetrate the mar- A-VIII-3x APPENDIX A-VIII-4 HAZARDOUS WASTES MANIFEST CATEGORIES F Industrial Waste Generation in the Region I The principal sources of industrial wastes in San Diego County are located in the greater metropolitan area, but new industrial parks are being developed throughout the County. A substantial number of industries in the region are permitted to discharge certain industrial wastes directly into local sewerage systems under specific circumstances and with the surveillance of the I Industrial' Waste Surveillance Program. ) It is difficult to obtain complete and accurate data on the total quantity of hazardous industrial wastes being generated in the region despite the required California Hazardous Waste Manifest. Table A-VIII-4 reports hazardous wastes manifested'and generated in San Diego County for 1980 and disposed of off -site .at Class I locations. (This figure differs from that ! reported in the State study. The 48,177 tons represents reported volumes of all of San Diego County not just the San Diego to Escondido corridor used in �r the State study and shown in Figure A-VIII-3.) Additional information on generation of hazardous wastes is needed. Some of t the generated hazardous wastes are pre-treated either on -site or by firms providing treatment. This reduces the quantity of hazardous waste which t needs to be disposed. Conceivably, y, generators could be using unapproved i disposal methods without detection. I �_A Starting with 1981, the categories or types of hazardous wastes shown on the manifest have been increased to a total of 75 from the 16 original categories shown on Table A-VIII-4. Thus, the categories shown in that table will in the future be increased to the following information: 4 t.w I to A-VIII-4i I. Acid sludge 39. Ink sludge 2. Acid solution 40. Ink waste water 3. Adhesive 41. Laboratory chemicals 4. Alkaline sludge 42. Lime sludge 5. Alkaline solution 43. Machine tool coolant 6. Alkali solids 44. Machining waste 7. Alum sludge 45. Metal dust 8. API separator sludge 46. Oil 9. Asbestos solids 47. Oil sludge 10. Asbestos sludge 48. Oil and water 11. Ashes 49. Paint sludge 12. ASD filter cake 50. Pesticides 13. Baghouse waste 51. Pesticide containers 14. 15. Bilge water Blasting sand 52. 53. Pesticide rinse water 16. Capacitors, PCB 54. Phenolic waste Photoprocessing waste 1.7. Catalyst 55. Plating sludge 18. Chemicals, unused 56. Plating solution, acid 19, Containers, empty '57. Plating solution, alkaline 20. Contaminated equipment 58. Polychlorinated biphenyis 21. Contaminated soil 59. Resin waste 22. Cyanides 60. Scrubber sludge 23. Detergent 61. Scrubber solution 24. Distillation bottoms 62. Soap 25. Drilling mud 63. Solvent, chlorinated 26. Drugs 64. Solvent, hydrocarbon 27. 28. FCC waste ,Fi1 ter cake 65. 66. Solvent, oxygenated Solvent, mixed 29. Filters, spent 67. Spill cleanup residue 30. Flux 68. Stretford solution 31. Fly ash 69. Sulfide sludge 32. Gasoline and water 70. Sump or lagoon sediment 33. Glaze sludge 71. Tank bottom sediment 34. Glue 72. Tanning sludge 35. 36. Hair Pulp Heavy metal solution 73. 74. Tetraethyl lead sludge Transformers, PCB 37. 38. Heavy metal sludge Ink and solvent 75. Waste water treatment sludge If a waste is not listed above, the manifest requires the generator to indicate the process, activity or operation which generated the waste (Examples: aircraft cleaning, insulation, stripping, reactor cleaning, DDT production, alkylation, printed circuit board etching). The contractor must also identify major hazardous constituents in the waste, along with probable upper and lower concentrations, and the approximate concentration of nonhazardous material. A copy of the manifest form is included on page A-VIII-4iv. t. w. A -VI I I-4ii %" ti TABLE A-VIII-4 c� 'ems. `�', o W o ,^I ^ o .. o 0 0 0 . M, La G �► MI N .n Ml r lO N in ko CR fn Mf • ID V N U: N 1,,, • • q N O O O v O O O O A O O• WInr' q N • tltl O O O N O N ..r Q1 • ~ N N. "� N a ~O O O O N r O O O O O O q • N J Nb ~ in N O O n O O O O O N! .pqi .qi fn r po so 0% O O Q O O O Al N • Y! + MI N In N � o n to N N 1 lV r O to O O O O O- O O q H W N .•r .r LaO N r m M ^ OIn ^ O O 40 O O W so W � N f a O O O O O d 00 O cow .7 . atOtn en 1 i w � V L ef -LO t • CA = A 3 Lj o w :: e a s ac i • e, 0. G. N 0. V ►� O O t7 {J J T m O H A-VIII-4iii e ear l❑❑° ❑ ❑ ❑ Sg 8 ❑ r � � � ❑ • O yr z� ❑ ❑ p 0 J W • m so '� ! i 3 0 g 0 _ 8 r � p • o s fA $1 .> 8 j° 3 jr aaa❑p r Q _ a s a❑ ❑ a ° i W W i��IlElap�� �_oo x= I � ;EIIEap��W ►. �s 21 a -Cie i3 i $r 3 � iadscA s`" cl i s r A-VII 1-41v I r APPENDIX A-VIII-5 COUNTY OF SAN DIEGO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN Purpose The purpose of this plan is to establish responsibilities and actions required to meet°the County's and cities' obligations -of protecting t the: (a) lives and health of the populace; (b) public and private prop- erty; and (c) the living and natural resources from accidents involving t �► hazardous materials incidents, spills, fires and releases. ` Objectives 1. To describe the pre -emergency preparations, concept of operations, organizations and supporting systems required to implement the plan; �-� 2. To define responsibilities and tasks of each participating agency; and 3. To establish lines of authority and coordination. Scope. Local government involvement is focused on discovery, evaluation, notification .and initiation of immediate remedial actions. This plan addresses the local responsibilities and actions necessary to meet these obligations. This plan covers incidents of spillage and/or release into the atmos- phere of hazardous materials (oil, toxic chemicals, pesticides, herbi- cides, biohazardous wastes and radioactive materials) on land, water r and in the air. First Responder The public safety agency that arrives on the scene first shall call, or request communications to call, the County Office of Disaster Pre- paredness who will notify the State Office of Emergency Services. A-VIII-5i WW Office of Disaster Preparedness The Manager of the Office of Disaster Preparedness is responsible for assuring that all appropriate agencies have been notified. Local Emergency Organizations All or Some of the emergency organizations may have'to be activated to assume their roles in carrying,out their responsibilities in connec- tion with the following: 1. Flammable liquid spills and fires 2. Toxic chemical spills and releases 3. Radioactive materials spills 4. Biohazardous wastes i ri The extent of activation will be determined by the director of the agency having.on-site authority/jurisdiction. 1 Organizations and Kqy Personnel The basic organizations for handling hazardous materials emergencies for the County of San Diego and cities within the County shall consist of representatives from the following agencies: A. County Chief Administrative Officer B. City Managers C. Chairperson of the Board of Supervisors D. Mayors E. County F. Sheriff's Department and city police departments G. Area Fire Coordinator and fire departments H. Departments of Public Works of the County and cities I. County Air Pollution Control District J. County Department of Health Services, Division of Environmental Health, and Emergency Medical Services K. County Agricultural Commissioner's Office L. Private industry representatives, especially hazardous materials transportation carriers M. Local hospitals, ambulances and medical facilities N. California Highway Patrol (CHP) and other state agencies 0. State Department of Fish and Game P. U.S. Coast Guard Q. Regional Water Quality Control Board A-'III-5ii K14 W4 P Concept of Operations A. Notifications 1. The first public employee becoming aware of an actual or poten- tial hazardous materials spill or release shall notify appropri- ate local government communications departments. ij 1 2. The public safety agency that is first on the scene will imme- i� diately obtain additional significant information and request communications to call the County Office of Disaster Prepared- ness, who will notify the State Office of Emergency Services It and report all relevant information. The central office of any i ^+ trucking firm or rail carrier that is involved wi=1.1- also be E� immediately -notified by communications. 3. The public safety agency that is responsible .for immediate direct action will then call on other appropriate agencies to take immediate action to contain and reduce the spread of the material And its hazardous effects. - ` * 4. If a, significant number of casualties, ,potential casualties or contaminated casualties are involved, immediately notify Coun- ty Communications to alert the Emergency Medical Services and �. the Department of Health Services. 5. Emergency Medical Services is responsible for coordinating treat- ment of injuries resulting from any hazardous materials incident M within the County. B. State Requirements - California Highway Patrol (CHP) In accordance with Section 2453 of the California Vehicle Code, the CHP shall establish a single notification mechanism to serve as a central focal point for a hazardous substance spill response system. Immediately upon notification, the State of California shall dispatch an on -site "State Agency Coordinator" (SAC) in accordance with the A-VIII-5iii h" State Hazardous Incidents Plan. The local agency on -site response personnel shall cooperate with the SAC, who may be either a CHP or ., CALTRANS representative. w. Immediate On -Scene Actions of Emergency Response Agencies The following actions should be taken by emergency personnel at the A scene: 1: Isol'ate and -contain the area. Determine the type of spill and material(•s') involved. 2. Take those steps necessary to protect or save human life and save , property. 3. Restrict traffic in and about the scene to official use only. } 44 Take all, necessary actions to contain and/or prevent the spread -of the material'. 5; If the incident involves fi-re 'or materials subject to blowing in the wind; Conduct operations from an upwind position. , 6. Isolate and hold all contaminated persons for further -examination by medical specialists. 7. 'I•f'•the're arecasualties requiring medical attention, take only life -saving -actions prior to the arrival of an'ainbulance, quali- ,fi'ed'hazardous materials specialist and/or physician. Insure that all medical 'care personnel and facilities are aware of possible contamination.and of casualty information. C. On -Site Authority The on -site authority shall be determined according to the following • circumstances. (The authority, except in radiological incidents, shall not be changed or be transferred to another Jurisdiction even .w though the developing hazardous effects in a disaster spread to sur- rounding and/or distant areas.) 1. On Highway, Hazardous/Toxic Spills and Releases Section 2454 of the Vehicle Code and 8574.8 of the Government Code state that the authority for the management of the scene A-VIII-5iv I of an on -highway, hazardous substance spill and/or toxic sub- stance spill shall be vested in the appropriate law enforcement 1 agency having primary traffic investigating authority on the highway where the spill occurs. (See also Penal Codes 402 and 409.5). 2. All Other Hazardous Toxic Spills and Releases � r t� a. Within City Limits. If an incident occurs within the limits ,. of a city, the Incident Commander, who has over-all opera- tional control, shall be designated by the city. Each city b •a shall notify all jurisdictions involved in this plan of its designated Incident Commander as an attachment to this plan. b. Unincorporated Areas If an incident occurs within the unin- corporated areas of San Diegc County, whether or not miltiple +� agencies are involved, the Incident Commander shall be the Sheriff, or his designated representative. t1t, D. Evacuation If evacuation should become necessary in the judgment of the on=site Incident Commander, it shall be the responsibility of the: (a) Sheriff's Department, assisted by other appropriate agencies, to r� conr'uct an orderly evacuation within the unincorporated areas and/or ` (b) the city police chiefs to conduct an orderly evacuation within the city limits. r° E. Recovery and Clean Up Costs ! The State Agency Coordinator (SAC) is responsible for coordinating r cleanup and disposal of spilled hazardous materials occurring on State and Federal highways. The SAC will assist local government in initiating action to recover clean-up costs on local roads. Responsibility for clean-up costs on local roads shall be that of the carrier. A-VIII-5v II tw r P N l $3 APPENDIX A—IX-1 LITTER SURVEYS In order to determine the nature and extent of the litter problem in San Diego County, a survey of some 377 litter sites was conducted during the summer of 1974. Since litVe discernible change has been noted County -wide, survey results are presumed to remain valid. Litter sites were selected.by a random sampling procedure which was scientif- ically weighted to ensure that they were representative of the entire County. The composition of litter in San Diego County was found to be similar for all areas and land categories of the County. TABLE A-IX-1 San Diego County Litter Study Composition by Type Bottles Returnable and- Non-Returnabl"e .4% Metal Can: Tab Tops 2.0% Steel Cans 2.4% Aluminum -Cans 1.8% ' Other Metal 7.7% Wood 2.2% Plastics Packaging 4.8% Miscellaneous 5.1% Cigarette Butts 42.8% Paper Newsprint & Magazines .9% Packaging 14.7% Miscellaneous 13.8% Miscellaneous Litter 1.7% A-IX-1i TABLE A-IX-2 WHERE RESPONDENTS THOUGHT THE WORST LITTER PROBLEM EXISTS PERCENT LOCATION RESPONDING Beaches S C A H P� �0 O Ll �kl r Vi F APPENDIX A-IX-2 WAR AGAINST LITTER COMMITTEE (WALCO) PROGRAMS Perhaps the most active among the private groups in San Diego County is the War Against Litter Committee (WALCO), which is supported financially by the fx Ci-ty and County of San Diego. Its objective is "to provide a continuous pro- gram of publicity, education, cleanup and improvement in enforcement of laws with the ui`timate goal of a better informed community and a cleaner County." This program consists of six subcommittees of volunteers that represent a cross section of interests: Community Committee, Education Committee, r Business and Industry Committee, Media Committee, Construction Committee and i Municipal Organizations Committee. Through these committees, workshops are i., presented that assign responsibility for proper containerization of all refuse and identify better waste handling technologies. For the inevitable few .who just don't get the message, the program includes A sensible approach j t3 to, enforcement, emphasizing that the old ways of handling waste are no Tonger �x acceptable. „ WALCO provides speakers, anti -litter films and literature to schools and to service and civic organizations. Litter bags, posters, buttons and other publicity materials are furnished for cleanup campaigns and for general � x distribution. `A Through WALCO, the City of San Diego participates in the Clean Community System program of Keep America Beautiful (KAB), Inc. KAB is a national public service organization formed in 1953 to combat litter. Supported by interested companies, trade associations and labor unions, it is active in media campaigns intended to reduce littering. Other industry -developed programs are the United States Brewers' Association's "Pitch -In" campaign and many recycling industries, all of which are designed principally to reduce the indiscriminate discarding of metal beverage containers. Many youth organizations, service clubs and other. »� volunteer groups are active in the litter cleanup programs. A-IX-2i ►V4 The San Diego City and County War Against Litter Committee, Inc.'s goal is to i make the public more aware of the need for their cooperation regarding litter, conservation and recycling. The local umbrella program is known as { the "I Love a Clean San Diego" campaign. CALTRANS - SIGN TESTING CALTRANS and the "I Love A Clean San Diego" program undertook a study .to � determine the effects on littering habits of positive/negative signing on freeway ramps. ) Twelve ramp sites were selected. The testing included semi-monthly �cleanup, by°CALTRANS. These bags were then collected and weighed. The testing included�2-1/2 months of pre -signing and 4 months of post -signing. Prior to signing, the ramps crews picked up litter bags on five occasions, at two -week intervals, and the average weight per bag was 26.55 lbs. After the signs were posted on the ramps, the average weight per bag was 16.40 lbs. Thus, it was concluded that after the positive signs were installed the Titter was reduced. UNDERWATER.LITTER San Diego area scuba divers activ ely support the Stop Littering Our Beaches and Bays (SLOBS) program. This is a project of the San Diego War Against Litter Committee, Inc. SLOBB is a cleanup program limited to the 'beaches and bays. In exchange for a minimum of 4 hours cleanup the participants receive a SLOBB patch. The scuba divers take art i p n this fora dual purpose. The Sea and Rescue Divers use this as a training and refresher course in rescue work. By displaying the retrieved trash on the beach or docks they are able to stress the ugliness of, and danger from, '�"is litter. A-IX-2i i i F APPENDIX A-IX-3 SB650 LITTER GRANT PROGRAMS The following table provides a summaryb jurisdiction Y J n of the activities 12 t funded by the State Litter Grant Program between 1977 and 1981. USE OF STATE Table A-IX-3 LITTER GRANT FUNDS IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY JURISDICTION ACTIVITI_ES ! Carlsbad-($9,837) Support for monthly ri -of-wa Y right-of-way 9 y pick-ups through contracts with local service clubs and ` various volunteer picl..-,,p��campaigns including an annual Spring Cleanup . Chula Vista ($22,905) Purchase of equipment. for use at local parks tx and public buildings; purchase of litter iA receptacles; support for Great California Resource Rally events; personnel for part-time ball -field and median strip pick-up. k� Coronado ($5,320) Purchase cif litter receptacles for public use areas. Del Mar (S1,945) Purchase of litter receptacles and support of beach clean-up activities. El Cajon ($13,205) Purchase of litter clean-up equipment; support ' for annual clean-up campaigns and purchase of litter receptacles. Escondido ($19,533) Purchase of litter control equipment. Imperial Beach ($6,363) Litter control equipment purchase. La Mesa ($12,869) Litter control equipment purchase. Lemon Grove ($6,492) Equipment and litter receptacle purchases; support for the Great California Resource National City ($12,241) Equipment purchase; salary support of person- nel for litter pick-up at parks and public facilities. Oceanside ($20,011) Litter control equipment purchase. Poway (In County Tntal) Incorporated in 1980, this City is included in the County program. A-IX-3i bw 4 4 Table A-IX-3 (continued) USE OF LITTER GRANT FUNDS IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY JURISDICTION ACTIVITIES San Marcos ($6,845) Support for volunteer pick-up program, augmen- ted through contracts with local service clubs. Santee (In County Total) Incorporated in 1980, this City is included in the County program. 4 . Vista ($11,591) Expand street sweeping operations; support of "Keep Vista Beautiful Week". City of San Diego ($250,515) Purchase of a truck and trailer to haul litter control equipment; purchase of two medium tractors with front load buckets; salary support for the Equipment Operators; pay the salaries of a Sanitation Inspector and utility workers; support services for the Great California Resource Rally. County of San Diego ($167,020) Purchase of four crew -cab pick-ups, three self propelled vacuum sweepers, and 1/2 the cost of a 5-passenger sedan; expansion of three separate litter control programs: the first utilizing honor camp inmates, the second utilizing "workfare" recipients, and the third a Parks and Recreation Department program; Grant funds also supported supervisory personnel for the above programs. A-IX-3ii C' Ci N i a FAPPENDIX A—XI-1 MEDICAL WASTE INCINERATORS r I APPROVED INSTITUTIONAL INCINERATORS IN SAN DIEGO COUNTY it Capacity Capacity I Institution Lbs/Hour Institution Lbs/Hour �S ti t' kw Arroyo Vista Convalescent Center 100 Hilltop Convalescent Hospital 100 Euclid Convalescent Center 50 Frost St. Convalescent Hospital 50 Kearny Mesa Conv. & Nursing Home 50 Meadowlark Convalescent Hospital 100 Mesa Vista Hospital 100 S. 0. State University 75 Spring Valley Sanitarium Inc. 40 UCSD Campus 150 Wilson Manor 50 Mission Bay Memorial Hospital 50 Paradise Hills Conv. Hospital 100 Bio-Med Com. Dialysis Unit/So. Bay 100 Beverly Manor Conv. Hosp 100 Del Capri Terr. Conv.,Hosp. 100 Friendship Convalescent Center 50 Grossmont Hospital District 50 Knollwood West Conv. Hospital 100 Mercy Hospital & Med. Center 60 Salk Institute 100 Zoological Sac. of San Diego 175 T.L.C. Convalescent Hospital 100 Villa View Community Hospital 100 Community Conv. Hosp. La Mesa 50 Alvarado Community Hospital 60 Centre City Hospital 50 E1 Cajon Valley Conv. Center 100 U.S. Navy Reg. Med. Ctr. (Pend) 100 Total 2410 Lbs/Hour A-X:-li r] APPENOIX A—XI—z CONTINGENCY PLAN ELEMENTS a. Designate the chief and alternate authority to be responsible for evalu- ating the nature and requirements of the .:ri si s and to organize and direct personnel in emergency solid waste collection activities. b. Desigfiite alternate communication systems. c. Designate alternate equipment storage and servicing facilities. d. Arrange for alternate equipment parts, repair services and fuel sources. e. Establish equipment maintenance priorities. f. Develop public information dissemination methods including public infor- mation telephone 11nes and news media outlets for progress reports and schedules to assist citizens. g. Maintain lists of potential alternative collection equipment and assis- •ta.ice from outside the organization, including parent companies, industry organizations, municipal staffs, military services and volunteers. h. Determine collection service priorities, such as hospitals and other institutions, if full service in all areas is not feasible. i. Develop alternat•i.`es to regular collection such as temporary on -site storage of putresibies in sealed bags, or centrally located collection rS areas equipped with roil -offs or similar arrangements. 1� J. Designate standby personnel. k� k. Activate training programs for existing personnel to perform collection duties. 1. Delineate who will be responsible and what actions will be taken to col- lect, remove and dispose of spilled hazardous materials and oils result- ing from accidents, fires, natural disasters, etc. tea m. Provide for coordination with the County where the emergency extends 3 beyond local boundaries. n. Provide for the periodic review and updating of all phases of the plan. A41-2i