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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1986-05-06; City Council; 8617; Beach Erosion Committee Final Report1 r c 0 .rl u rd u c a, a, E rl 3 -rl i? cd a, *rl 0 u E Fl urn Flu kcd sa uc E *rl a k bD k c cd h 0 LCI -r( c. -4 Fl 3 .: :g 00 a, aQ a, ua, Mu uo ua a,u E $a, WJJ uw : *$ rno cdu LCIS cd mo Q 03 I \D I rn .. z 0 4 i 0 z 3 0 0 5 CITPF CARLSBAD - AGENDWILL AB# h% 17 TITLE: DEP CITY MTG. 5/6/86 BEACH EROSION COMMITTEE REPORT DEPT. CM CITY RECOMMENDED ACTION: City Council to receive Final Report from the Beach E Committee. ITEM EXPLANATION On August 27, 1985 the City Council appointed the Beach E Committee, consisting of seven members to study beach erosi the problems of the Carlsbad coast line. At that time, th Council charged the committee with delivering a report b you on/or about six months later. The following scope o was outlined: 1. To review prior studies, articles, and materials. 2. To obtain current input from available sources. 3. To enumerate, evaluate, and study the beach erosion pr specific to Carlsbad's coast line. 4. To relate and coordinate the lagoon and coastal p area. 5. To develop plausible solutions to mitigate the beach e problems and identify possible sources of funding. 6. To report these findings to the City Council. The letter of transmittal and report with attachments attac this agenda bill is the result of the Beach Erosion Commi efforts over the past half-year and is presented forthwi your evaluation. EXHIBITS 1. Letter of transmittal from Mario Monroy, Committee Cha. dated March 28, 1986. 2. Carlsbad Beach Erosion Report EXHIBIT 1 r 1) e t March 28, 1986 TO: CITY COUNCIL FROM: Mario Monroy, Chairman Beach Erosion Commmittee CARLSBAD BEACH EROSION COMMITTEE REPORT Attached is the Beach Erosion committee Report which yo authorized on August 27, 1985. The recommendations of th report are summarized as follows: 1. The City of Carlsbad should continue to support the BEAC Joint Powers Committee. 2. The City of Carlsbad should hire a consultant to conduct yearly series of beach profile surveys. 3. The City of Carlsbad should establish a permanent Beac Erosion Committee. 4. Through BEACh, the City Council should become direct1 involved in conducting necessary public information an education on beach erosion and its solutions. 5. The City Council should work through BEACh in tt- continued development of "sand rights". 6. The City Council, through BEACh, should lobby that befor building permits are granted for dams in California river they be required to include plans for sand bypass ar transport to the beaches as part of the architecturE design. 7. The City Council, through BEACh, should sponsor region2 conferences on coastal erosion. 8. The City Council should continue to protect the bluff from erosion. 9. The City Council should finance coring of the AgL Hedionda Lagoon to determine sand content for future beac nourishment. 10. The City Council should adopt a policy that insures th2 any beach quality material dredged from City lagoor should be placed on beaches within the City only. J t c e City Council Carlsbad Beach Erosion Committee Report March 28, 1986 Page: 2 '81. The City Council should lobby through our electet officials in Sacramento for recognition by the State Park: and Recreation Department of added recreational value oi Southern California beaches because of the warmer air anc water. 12. The City Council should pursue the formation of BEACh eve! if all of the originally proposed members do noi participate. The principles of BEACh are essential to thi solutions to beach erosion. MRM:lch 1 I EXHID1 0 e CARLSBAD BEACH EROSION REPORT March 18, 1986 As requested by the Carlsbad City Council on August 27, 1985 Beach Erosion Committee has reviewed previous studies articles. The committee was very fortunate in getting exp input from those listed below on their respective subjects: Ron Flick Oceanographer for the California Department Boating and Waterways assigned to Scri Institute of Oceanography - "Sea Level and Effects on Beaches and Erosion." Bill Fait State Department of Parks and Recreat -Policies. Dan Muslin Army Corps of Engineers - Projects the Cc has worked on in Southern California. Douglas Inman Director, Center for Coastal Studies, Scri Institute of Oceanography - "History of C2 fornia Beaches." W. G. Dyson SDG&E - Dredging Aqua Hedionda Lagoon E. Aguardo Professor of Geography, San Diego St University - Weather. SUMMARY OF CURRENT INFORMATION Beach erosion in the Oceanside Littoral Cell, which exte d Dana Point to La Jolla (see Figure I), is well documented. On a local basis the Federal. Government has assumed respor bility for funding mitigation of beach erosion at Oceans: This erosion was caused by the construction of the Del Mar I Basin on Camp Pendleton in '1942 (see Figure 2). The Del jetties have interfered with the gross longshore transport about 810,000 cubic yards OF sand per year to the south\ during the winters and 550,,000 to the northwest during summer. While the general dynamics of sand movements somewhat understood, detailed studies of the Carlsbad beac have not been made. Even minor changes in the weather, tides wave patterns can have significant effects on sand flow, mal it almost impossible to determine what is happening in spec areas. Y,?,: I f e @ - This interference with the natural course of sand flow has b in addition to the construction of numerous flood control bas and the persistent sand mining in the upstream beds of the Luis Rey and Santa Margarita Rivers which greatly diminish natural source of sand for the beach. The sand flow to beaches from the San Luis Rey River has been diminished si 1922 by the construction of Lake Hensh8w dam and in the Sa Margarita River since 1949 by 'Vail Lake. In the period between 1957 and 1961 the Federal Governm further aggravated beach erosion to the south of the Del Mar B Basin by the extension of the jetties and the construction of jetties and groins for Oceanside Harbor. This construction only created a larger sand trap but it also diverted the s further offshore, These harbor jetties have interfered with net southerly migration of abalut 260,000 cubic yards of sand year in the Oceanside Littoral Cell. The Federal Government not assumed responsibility f13r the effects of longshore s transport south of Oceanside. Over the past 25 years between 1957 and 1982, about 11 mill cubic yards of material has been dredged from Oceanside Har and placed on Oceanside beaches. However, this sand nourishm program was not as effective as it could have been because breakwater had a double effect. First it was trapping more s north of the harbor and secondly the longshore transport co pick up sand in the newly nourished beaches south of breakwater. This, to the bei7efit of Carlsbad's beaches, ac to further accelerate a transfer of the dredged sand to south. All this, plus the fact that prior to 1978 there minimal beach erosion because of relatively mild weather, protected Carlsbad's beaches until then. Carlsbad's beaches have begun to disappear more seriously dur their cycles, with the sand completely eroded during the storms 1983. In subsequent summers, sand deposition on Carlsbad beac has been minimal. Prior to 1978 - 1979 Carlsbad had beaches, at least in the no end of the city, as wide 'as seventy or eighty feet. thickness of the sand beach was seven feet at the foot of bluff. Now there is no sand at high tide and a maximum thickn of sand of only three feet during the summer. (See Appendix A) The fact that Oceanside hasn't done any sand nourishment si 1982 may prolong the recovery period for the Carlsbad beach Consequently, until Oceanside resumes a sand replenishm program the damage to Carlsbad beaches and bluffs by mild sto could be severe. At the present time, due to the lack of be profile data, it is not known whether the sand is offshore as the past to nourish the beaches naturally in the summer. there is no sand offshore, which is likely because of a long t I e - e deficiency in the supply of sand, Carlsbad's beaches will ! progressively narrower and narrower. The City of Carlsbad is fortunate to have three lagoons (5 Appendix B), two of which could be used as a source for s: replenishment of the Carlsbad beaches. They are all silting and will need to be dredged. Currently plans are being develoF for dredging the Batiquitos Lagoon which could provide as much 2.5 million cubic yards of sand. This is enough to lay a blanE of sand 5.3 miles long, six feet deep and 400-feet wide. Tt volume of sand may not be available for another thirty yea However, to effectively utilize this volume of sand, be( profile data is needed to determine where to place it so as best retain it (see Appendix C). Presently the feeling of Scripps people who spoke to us, is that the beaches becc progressively steeper to the south. If this is the case, 1 southern beaches are unlikely to retain sand for any length time. Another source of sand, of course, is the Aqua Hedionda Lagoi This consists of outer, inner and middle lagoons. The in1 lagoon is east of 1-5 and the middle lagoon is between 1-5 t the railroad trestle. The outer lagoon which is dredi periodically by SDG&E has furnished an average of 116,000 CUI yards of sand per year since 1955. It is estimated that entire lagoon could provide at least 128,000 cubic yards of s per year for beach nourishment. (This is about half of the southward longshore transport of 260,000 cubic yards.) The beaches of Carlsbad will also be replenished by the Oceans Sand Bypass, if effective. This bypass is an experimental sys in its development stages which will be monitored for five ye by the Corps of Engineers. Therefore, this source of repleni ment may take some time to affect Carlsbad beaches. The syst if successful, will have the capacity to move 400,000 cubic ya of sand per year. However, the sand replenishment could delayed if Oceanside beaches have become too steep to retain sand. This sand bypass is supposed to be operational in spring of 1986 at a cost to the Federal Government of $ million. If the Oceanside sand bypass is not effective it may be necess to build structures to retain sand and protect property, blL and highyays. Studies for Oceanside by the U. S. Army Corps Engineejjs and by consultants Douglas L. Inman and Scott 1 Jenkins have considered various types of structures. SE Table I. The review of these studies shows that, besides sand bypass, serious consideration for protection of the beac has been given only to groins and offshore breakwaters. Inman-Jenkins study suggested a series of groins, some temporz while the Corps of Engineers favored an offshore breakwat Based upon the similarities between Oceanside and Carlsbac combination of these types of structures could be a possibil 1 * 0 - for the protection of Carlsbad's beaches if sand nourishm cannot be provided. In order to retain replenished sand, possibility of installing such sand traps before be replenishment should be considered. Prof. Douglas L. Inman in his presentation and writings indicated that sand is a natural resource just as water is. points out that dams benefit populations and agriculture and h coastal communities and beaches. Therefore "the cost nourishing beaches with the sand intercepted by 5the dams sho be a legitimate part of the cost of using water." There gppears to be nothing in the State Parks and Recreat policy that will prevent them from conducting beach restorat projects. This agency recognizes the scenic value of California beaches. However, their funding priority to rest and protect the beaches does not reflect the fact that San Di state beaches also provide an extremely important recreat facility because of the warm air and waters in this area. T policy has the highest impact on the youth and lower inc population. CONCLUSIONS 1. Sand on the beaches is the best protection against be erosion and property damage. 2. Protecting beaches and property solely by sand nourishment an expensive way to accomplish this because replenishrr must be renewed again and again to be effective. 3. Douglas C. Inman stated that there are only about fift years of sand supply on the beaches north of the Oceans Harbor for the sand bypass. 7 4. Review of the Corps of Engineers studies and manuals shore protection show that offshore breakwaters can be most cost effective way of protecting beaches from \ action under the right conditions. However, offst breakwaters by their nature will severely affect the si interfere with boating and diving, and can be politic2 unpopular, as Oceanside found out. 5. Although groins are effective in retaining sand 1 longshore littoral transport 9 they are not effective aga: sand losses from onshore-offshore sand movements. They create dangerous riptides but seem to improve surfing. are esthetically unattractive to the public and unsafe children. f * e - 6. The regional flood control system within the Oceanside L toral Cell is blocking the natural transport of sand to ocean. Sand mining of the rivers is further aggravating short age. 7. Because beach erosion is a regional problem, only a regio political organization can stand up to the environment legal and political challenges which can be made to effo to protect the beaches. 8. Because beach restoration or protection requires very la capital expenditures in addition to regular maintena expense, the most effective way of lobbying for funds f the various state and federal agencies (see Table 11) wo be through a regional organization such as BEACh which political clout. 9. In discussions with the State Parks and Recreation Depa ment, it becomes evident that funding to mitigate be erosion is a low priority within this agency. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. The City of Carlsbad should continue to support the BE Joint Powers Agreement and SANDAG's subcommittee on be erosion. Without the political clout of a regional approa it is impossible to compete for a share of funding froi fixed budget, whether state or federal. 2. The City of Carlsbad should hire a consultant to conduc yearly series of beach profiles surveys (see Table I because: a. Without data it is impossible to convince the public agencies that there is a problem. b. Funding such a survey would demonstrate to other agenc and to the public that the city recognizes the econo impact of erosion. c. The profile data would help the city to determine wh best to place sand nourishment from the lagoons determine the effectiveness of any nourishment project d. These survey results would be a source of valuable d for BEACh. 3. The City Council should establish a permanent Beach Eros Committee consisting of no more than three citizens and city staff, one from Engineering, and one from Buildinc I m 0 -t Planning. This committee should also serve as an advisor the City Council's representative on BEACh. 4. Through BEACh, the City Council should become direct involved in conducting necessary public information i education on beach erosion and its solutions. 5. The City Council should work through BEACh in the contint development of 'Isand rights" under the Public Trust Law i restrict sand mining in coastal flood plains except for be; nourishment. 6. The City Council through BEACh should lobby for a change building codes for dams in California rivers to require pli for sand bypass and transport to the beaches as a condit. for issuance of a building permit. 7. The City Council through BEACh should sponsor regio conferences on coastal erosion such as the one held in Diego on February 6-8, 1985. 8. The City of Carlsbad should continue to protect the blu from erosion by diverting storm drains away from both pub and private beaches per its Master Storm Drain Plan. 9. The City Council should finance coring of the Aqua Hedio inner and middle lagoons to determine their sand content future beach nourishment. IO. The City Council should adopt a policy that ensures that beach quality material dredged from City lagoons should placed on beaches within the City. 11. The City Council should lobby through our elected offici in Sacramento for recognition by the State Parks and Recr tion Department that the warmer air and water of San Di Coastal State beaches gives them an added recreational va not available in the north. At the present time there is funding for the restoration of southern public beach Under their present funding priorities the Parks and Recr tion Department is not carrying out its responsibilities the fullest. BEACh and SANDAG should support the City Carlsbad on this point. 12. The beach communities under the supervision of their resp tive county and city governments and with guidance f appropriate state and local agencies from a joint commit empowered to: A. Superficially investigate the beach erosion problems the Oceanside littoral cell. , (.i 0 - €3. Engage the services of coastal process expe (scientific, engi neering, legal and administrative) that they may closely examine the problems and possil solutions for the Oceanside lottoral cell. <T, & DAVID CASTEL LO gn a, 00 ncc m I- CY n a, a, 00 + 0 ad Q 4-U Lcn -4 0 wc, k Ok c,alucn w km Le0 LL LL cu .rl dU(IJk LL LL oc m a3 w om n m &a, c,a,d w ea .+ ocn cnac w E m oc, C 3 so m E .dm -0 a c,C cc w cn> d 00 rncnmu w > 0.4 3 am kmLu > F-k 0 04 mooa, o on mu Q- Q s WQ 0 .dm al w 3 a,Ld a0 C B *d c,+ .d LO c, ka,O cl- C -4 > CU Qr m.4 a, 0 EC 0 C '-la,& cc 0 nul C -4 TJXC Uv cn 4a.4 .-IC 0 Y m 2c k oa,m 0c W 3nm 3c 0 non 4.5 4M.d m L cwo a, rncnk -c aeuz m ml3 1- mm I- f mc, 42N a, o c,cn (0 UQ- cn=JkU w wo mu a, a,c in 0.d G LC rrm a, .d-ncn G LL *d 0 U E kc w wo .dc, cn3cn m a1 ma -I uc Ccnk E cn fa, -I 5 Qa, CU Q, 3~ acnc, am I+ v)0 Uk3 *d mmucc u LL .rl k 3Y TJV) ma 0 LL w w -0.4 cncnca dm 31 > cnma, 3a, c,cz z w oc a,Wk 04 cmclo w o kc xam nc cnc o m.5 a00 5 m za, -IE~ on o mmnc, 0 0.4 m m C cu E m -c f c, cc c, cn a, 0 a, C > a, 0 .d -0 m *d c, cn E c,c c Qa, Q) 3E a a,( 00 a, -4 F- -01 41 u *rl cn >m 31 or oc Q1 za, -I UI kt x nc z LOU E a, L 0 H Gc(O k o -In 0 C W a m H 0 rn~o 0 [r:z U o LC z -4 a, 4 Y 0 a I- =+a .rl al c, CT a, u 0 k Y 0 C 0 0 0 0 [r: 0 z a 0 m *w unF u m H W N M U o r N M 0 w LL LL w w m tY w a Q LkUU 0.4 IJkL xu c,c I-3 a, Ok CL 0.4u i-la, 4 mc rma, .+ 3 > km m E x* a,(I)NO x4 CC ac -io 12cms 4k IQ.4 Qm a0 OLU 4m 0-0 v)k k .I& 4f-I c,I 0 m a, x0 QUI v)m ma, on 0alP)k om >kE *d E c kn Q *.rl al -4 m (I) n k 0-0 c, -4 0 v)c,k Ulk.4 c,Ok a4 U-CUUCt.4 cot 0-0 ET3 m 4v)44-4c3 a,am C4E4 3 3~3zoc,u nEm 3.4 3 m Lo Q(cOOk[l)bl XtUk ‘cozoal 3 0uu mwx wl- 0 )--I 0 UY3 v) (Do Llo >c, I- 0 w LL LL -1 w z u W L w z w UAC k a,4PC4 44 -4 k a4 m v).dQ- C IJ0occ4 *-CL o0o o 04 0 okkc,ma,aoa, cQ- E -0 k 3 m C3k al o‘c oc, L-0) o c,Q oak ms a4 a,-iJa,oaI a, c .4 xcm.> uouo mr> ce.413 I d+JV)UC a, C(uQmL004 nn L4 ala, v)m* a, U-Qk i-l aal ma,moo Fim a,CL E4 m mr cur k 4 o o a, n.4 OV)E(I)C~ a,nrn(~~~kc~o .f-4.,+.4.+ o E m4 n3 oc,.d.r( c,-4(c a,O=IkC L mu3 nko a, c,sc,c.3 nki-l ua 304 Q- o4 a, can u mn a,a, am 30)mu U3mu.4 L4L4 E mL 34 (I) c c4o a,& 4UUE &Ob- 3CEr4U) C, QCJQ a,m3v)m033t UkL omoom ma,ma,o LkaOOkdom > m~on c,c,.4 2 4o.4a,04 a,< ma, IO4 owm SL mcl u *m HW une z4 m -4 k G 0 t -t -4 U v) 0 C 4- k 0 L ozm U m 0 D a, Ln v) + F w G LL w w u > u m w 9 mc,Ec,oc, m m a0 0 oum aca, C mc cc c 4-mF-l 0 ccma, k a, Da3% a P) 72 3 4- -4 xom c, c(sI .rl cc, x v)*4=7ri m 4 ca, 0 maon u nxom 3 ma m c m4oc k nr.4~1) a, on a, a, Q)kO Q OQU4- T3 xn3r.4 a, k300 c moc,~ n p.mzm =3 s ~uncu 0 LL G w 1 Q H 0 H (& w z w m m &a, -4 a, .4 0 kc0 C 0 *rl u 44 ac,m 3m > -4 c,o LE a, OS k4-c k4 ma, oo*aoa, ma Q-c -4mm ri c, cc. om4 04 dUUQ&k k0 m 0 .4 a u44- k cmommu mm m Srik4 4c mm-0 UCC amm a,Lit3m3 3m ooc,01I:o Ok CTmm LC dm wu a,c,a,alka 3% U.dk &am V)UU (.I otcmz=o3 sc, roc oH(b i5EE m~a, 0 .m HW ~nw k a, om .cc > (0 -4 0 LO cck E a, CT 00 za, EQ . 0 (3\ 'i a 0 TABLE I1 FINANCING EROSION CONTROL I. STATE FUNDS A. State Lands Commission 8. Department of Boating and Waterways C. Department of Parks and Recreation D. State Coastal Conservancy E. Department of Fish and Game 11. FEDERAL FUNDS A. United States Corps of Engineers B. 99th Congress, 1st Session (Calendar No. 152) S 959 (Report No. 99-71) to amend the Coastal Zone Managem Act of 1972 to provide authorization ou appropriatio and for other purposes. Distribution of federal fun coming to the state from offshore drilling. C. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. D. Direct Congressional funding. 111. REGIONAL FINANCING ALTERNATIVES A. Assessments B. Fees C. Taxes D. Bonds IV. CARLSBAD: Transient occupancy tax V. UTILITY COMPANY - SAN DIEGO GAS & ELECTRIC I)r 0 TABLE 1x1 BEACH SAND LEVEL MEASUREMENTS Carlsbad, California 1. Six range lines (profiles) surveys 2. Data collection a. Land Surveyors - every two months - to maximum wad depths at low tide. b. Offshore surveys on three of the land surveys to 40 f depth every two months. 3. Estimated cost: $25,000 per year .I 0 -- - - --._-- - ..... 0-w nihr P 024 ~SORl4l(*112Okm II?.l$~ 111.00' wva' ll6.W IlP45' 111.30' Oceanside Littoral Cell with major drainage basins. . .. .. ., ... .. .. ,% . ._ ' ... _. + w W LI. 0 0 2 0 4 18 0 JI P 'X 4 W ce: W m n a. I U 0 d ~ a e - REFERENCES 1. Sea Cliffs, Beaches, and Coastal Valleys of San Diego Coun by Gerald G. Kuhn and Francis P. Shepard, 1984. 2. Progress Report on Beach Erosion Control Study, San Di County, California in Vicinity of Oceanside by Los Ange District U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, January 1977. 3. Oceanographic Report for Oceanside Beach Faciliti Prepared for the City of Oceanside by Douglas L. Inman Scott A. Jenkins, 1983. 4. Putting the Beach Back at the Oceanside. A Case Study Locally Initiated Beach Restoration, by Larry M. Bagley Dana H. Whitson. Journal of the American Shore and BE Preservation Association. Vol. 50, No. 4, October 1982. 5. Budget of Sediment in Southern California: River Disch: versus Cliff Erosion by Douglas L. Inman. Californj Battered Coast. Proceedings from A Conference on Coaz Erosion, San Diego, February 6-8, 1985, pg. IO. 6. Beach Erosion - A Planning Perspective and Appendix Secret for Resources Policy for Shoreline Erosion Protection. St Parks and Recreation Department. 7. Shore Protection Manuals, Volumes I and 11, U. S. Army Cc of Engineers, 1984. 8. Oceanographic Report for Community Facility District Beach Facilities for the City of Oceanside, Douglas Inman, July 21, 1983. 8 e 0 EVALUATION AND ENUMERATION OF CARLSBAD BEACH EROSION by Sally Vigil INTRODUCTION This in an outline description of beaches and cliffs designa as Areas A, B, C, D and E on enclosed map. Also, note cha citing deepwater direction and shore erosion from Santa Margar River to Agua Hedionda Lagoon. Finally, only each area's uni feres pertinent t o erosion are described along with corn characteristics. Common Characteristics Beach areas A, B, half of C, D and half or most of E lie at ba of cliffs, popularly called The Bluffs. It all represents Santiago formation with terrace deposits on top. They cont hard, gray clayey material and much silt sandstone. terr deposits are sand and cobbles. Silica sand and some mica nour beaches from lagoons and few remaining bluffs not yet fortif by cement or rock. I. Area A is privately owned to mean high t'de mark - a va legal setting unchanged since 1967. h) Four pub accesses within six city blocks are city-owned maintained by Parks and Recreation, under jurisdiction Carlsbad Police. Three accesss in addition are owned maintained by California Coastal Conservancy or priv property associations. All are heavily trafficked tourists, residents of Carlsbad (both townspeople and th living in beach structures as renters or owners) representing general public. All beach areas suffe similar erosion problems plus cobbles, but Area A recove faster in 1983 for these reasons: A. Oceanside sand dredging replenishes Area A sooner. 6. South to north littoral drift works well since 19 although there is some dispute as to whet??? or this has become variable since 1980. T controversy needs study. C. Mild winter storm activity from 1983 until Novemb 1985. APPENDIX 0 0 - 1. Scripps predicts bad year as being 1987 and or two others into year 2000. D. Experimental Longard Tube, financed by property own to retain and build up sand, and rebuff waves in A A, is now gone after two mild winters and two storms. 1. Northern section had one huge tube, of infer material, which was torn apart anyway very ea after only one season of mild wave action. a. Cobbles penetrated; it literally bur after being observed tearing like rot cloth. 2. Tubes at southern area are double, small, pic back types which are successful in Australia. 3. It is a noticable buffer but does not withst storms. Replacement necessary. a. Lost insurance after first damage. b. February 6, 1986 storm took all the rest. E. Since Areas 5, D and E are usually cobbled, Area A more users of beaches. 1. No lifeguards, no consistent maintenance supervisory authority other than police dui summer. 11. Years from 1963 to 1986 have seen heavy level construction of buildings, seawalls, rock revetment accessways. This has revealed to engineers a ro: coaster type topography made up of hard-pan - a crust hard material not quite bedrock. This may exp: variations in beach stability regarding construction erosion on all areas. The following conclusions were di in 1980 when massive building occurred: A. Sand is still the number one protection against w and erosion threatening bluffs and property. 5. At least erosion due to small animal burrowing solved by building. C. Individual storm drains should be at street level. APPENDIX e e - D. Cobbles hold sand but endanger property too. E. Most suprising to engineers is the fact that oti areas may not be at all like Area A nor like ei pfver. (Not all have been surveyed geologicall' 1. Some bluff areas seem to be edrock but cruml ( 49 when wet as in rain erosion. 2. Areas D, C and E are mostly sandstone with si mica. 111. Storms of 1983 coincided with rare high wave action I occurring since, thus sand renewal. However, the six f drop in sand level is not really changed since late 1970 Storms of February, 1986 have not changed this view as February 18, 1986. A. Encouraging footnote is as follows: "Fut astronomica component of extreme tides still wo exceed those of 1982-83 by more than 0.06 -0.09M. This can give room for hope plus incentive to reth as to remedies. Since in fifteen years there will no more 290,000 cubic yards per year drifting f Oceanside to be lost in La Jolla Canyon and Carls Canyon, entrapment and recycling of dredged sand Aqua Hedionda must be a long term option and in s agreement with SDG&E. IV. The top end of Area A is Buena Vista Laqoon. A. No beach sand, just silt and fine sediment. 6. Water at weir is released once a year causing eros at north end of Carlsbad beach called The Point. 1. The sand return by summer has been the best all beaches. 2. November and February storms of 1986 cat breakdown of weir as water poured over j ocean. (See news picture.) Released sand shc be observed and monitored. C. St. Malo development (north of lagoon and across 1 to Oceanside) has properly designed rock revetn according to Dr. Doug Inman. APPENDIX 2 0 m - 1. Protects propety without (gyusing scouring sand, thus negligible loss. D. Inman suggestion: Original Scripps study of E drift can continue or be reinstated while sand stor is pondered, especially that from Batiquitos Lagoor 1. The Point at Buena Vista outlet to the sea is good spot since sand placed further north tE longer to drift south and should be retained recycled on a short term plan as suggestec opening pages dealing with short term and 1 term solutions as to erosion. 2. The Committee considers it a plus that sand nc of Power Company jetties gets trapped in 1 Hedionda. Better use should be made of ii recycling at dredging period. As example should be stored in berm on and against bluffs (11) 3. Refer to Carpenteria Solution again. a. Berms can be destroyed in one storm, consultation necessary. AREA B I. Carlsbad State Beach, a state owned public beach i called Tamarack, maintained by Parks and Recreation witk structures left on beach since 1980-83 storms. State pl no remedial improvements even though replenishment of E was fairly good summers 1983-84. In those summers, be was comparatively unused because of poor access and park limitations. A. Beach B terminates at jetty at Aqua Hedionda and PC plant. 1. Lagoon used by power plant as cooling out1 also is popular small boat and fishing area. 8. Sandy beach due to proximity to jetty at time dredging lies south of second jetty. C. Third jetty is at sewage disposal just before Carl$ Submarine Canyon. APPENDIX e e - 1. No jetty is extended enough to trap sand. 2. CanyB’f, controversial as to whether enlarging 0. Committee agreed that cost of dredging could be s not. as cost of jetty extensions. 1. January dredging does not help sand retent because of sf,rns. Dredging no help with south jetties. 2. Dredging could be done more often at right ti in cooperation with City and State. 11. Power Plant interest in sandy beaches is absent. A. On record as saying they do not want sand placed nc of jetties, or even north of Batiquitos Laqoon in c south-north return of sand enters lagoon. 8. Officialf9ytate lack of desire for Oceanside by-F to work. AREA C AND HALF OF D I. Flats to bluffs to flats again describe the beaches, ov in part by private home owners at beach area cal Terramar and Carlsbad State Beach also called Sc Carlsbad and Ponto Beaches. A. Sea cliffs with narrow, fragile beach, rnoc sandstone. 1. Many cliff failures due to ground water. blockfalls betweeen 1978-83. 2. At this writing all cobbles, no sand due February 1986 storms. Some sand re. expected. 11. Area D shares state beach land with Area C and terrnin at sewage disposal. A. More cobbles and eroding bluffs. APPENDIX * e - B. Some narrow flat areas with water from Encinas Cr behind beach and bringing gravely material to beach C. February 1986 saw little rain erosion on bluff area AREA E I. South Carlsbad State Beach, the "Largest cobble beach Southern California". It is at the base of high cli fading down to the longest Carlsbad flat land beach cal Ponto thence to the mouth of Batiquitos Laqoon. St Parks and Recreation operate an R.V. park at the top bluffs. Storm drains severely gully bluff face and cau landslides in 1980 and 1983. Road closed in 1983 cobbles moved on shor(el.O) Flat beach subject to flood from San Marcos Creek. Finally, at this writing, all beaches are cobbles because storms February 18, 1986. APPENDIX 0 0 - BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Flick, Ron, seminar with Beach Erosion Committee, Oct. 1985. 2. Griggs, Savoy, Livinq With The California Coast, D University Press, Durham, NC, 1985, p. 351. 2b. Kuhn, Gerald, Sea Cliffs, Beaches , Coastal Valle University Press, Los Angeles, CA, p. 63. 3. Moffatt & Nichols, Engineers, Long Beach, CA, Mr. Dunham Property Owners Area A, July, 1983. 4. Willard, Syd, Parks and Recreation Dept., State Geologi speech to Beach Erosion Conference, Santa Barbara, October 3, 1985. 5. Flick, Ron, Journal Waterway, Port, Coastal and Ocean, Eng Div., Amer. SOC. Civil Eng., 1984, to Carlsbad Committ Oct. 3, 1985. 6. Inman, Doug, Scripps Oceanography, seminar at Carls Committee meeting, Nov. 7, 1985. 7. Kuhn, Gerald, Sea Cliffs, Beaches, Coastal Valleys, San D; County, University Press, 10s Angeles, CAY p. 63. 8. Ulman, Dan, Corps of Engineers, to Committee meeting P 1985. 9. Dyson, Bill, SDG&E to Erosion Committee, Dec, 12, 1985. IO. Griggs, Savoy, Living With The California Coasti, [ University Press, Durham, NC, 1985, p. 351-53. Invite member of California Lifesaving Association to show slides and lecture about procedures at Carpenteria before, during and after stor Stephen Lane, PO Box 445, Carpenteria, CA 93013. Telephone (805) 684 11. APPEND1 X e 0 Staff Photo By ROBERT FAABORG WATER boils out of a rain-filled Buena Vista Lagoon Saturday, spilling over the weir into the Paclfic. COASTAL STORMI AREAS - ?ENAT STATlS - %Gi- - FIGURE ES- I - - - - - - 7 - - 7 - - 7 - - - - - - - i f, A. -: .. - - - - - - - - 7 7 - 7 - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - 7 - 7 - - - - 7 - - .. - .. - - - - - - - - - i ', - - - - ez e= m= d= a= -= K= w= &E OE w= m= - b= __. - - - - - - - - - -= - - - - - - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - 7 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - c_ - - 0- - i. / -\ /, z 4 v::.~;~*;~o.ra--' Q,Qclv) % .9 E .s g c cda,~v)aaaoox b5G Q, V.d rd v) 3s v) &a @% -. - - 0 0 cr) c9 0 ao- .- .-- - 1- -\I , e e EARLSBAD LAGOONS SOURCE OF BEACH SAND REPLENISHMENT by John Gray IMPACT ON BEACH EROSION During most of the past 6,000 years, Carlsbad’s lagoons delive sand to the beaches. During the past two hundred years, howevc Western Civilization has been interfering with this deliver This condition is not peculiar to Carlsbd, though. throughout Southern California, beach materials are being trap1 by 311 water supply lakes and flood cijontrol reservoirs and additional 77 sand and gravel quarries. DESCRIPTION OF CARLSBAD’S LAGOONS. Carlsbad’s three lagoons are, from north to South, Buena Vis Aqua Hedionda, and Batiquitos. All three of them are bridged U.S. Highway 101, the railroad track, and Interstate-5. Buena Vista Lagoon lies between Carlsbad and Oceanside. The c limits are a zigzag line which gives the southern half of lagoon to Carlsbad. The entire lagoon is included in the Maxton Brown Bird Sanctuary. The watershed of Buena Vista Lag consists of about 19 square miles within the cities of Vis Oceanside, and Carlsbad. Its principal source of water is Bu Vista Creek, rising in Vista. The lagoon is fresh water, kept by a fixed weir at the mouth of the lagoon. From the weir Jefferson Street on th? east, it is about 1.4 miles long, about 1/3 mile across, Buena Vista Lagoon includes about acres controlled by the California Department of Fish Game. Aqua Hedionda Lagoon extends 1.7 miles inland and is about mile wide. It comprises about 230 acres of open salt watgr- about 200 acres of salt marsh, mud flats, and salt flats. ’ ” is kept open to the sea by tidal action and periodic dredging the outer lagoon by the San Diego Gas and Electric ComF (SDG&E). Its principal source of fresh water is Aqua Hedic Creek, which drains a watershed from Vista, San Marcos, Calab Lake, and county lands to the south. Batiquitos Lagoon extends about 2-1/2 miles inland from the oc to Camino Real. It is about 1/2 mile wide. Its drainage bE includes San Marcos Lake, San Marcos Creek, and Encinitas Cree b APPENDIX e - The lagoon is only opened to the sea by bulldozing the berm its entrance when storm runoff threatens the sewage pump station there. Much of the lagoon's 526 acres are dry salt fl; most of the year. PERTINENT HISTORY Most of the following was extracted from the qummary of the BUI Vista Lagoon watershed sediment control plan. During the Pleistocene Epoch, Carlsbad's lagoons were ri valleys, draining into the sea. At the end of the Ice Age s 6,000 years ago, the ocean rose and flooded saltwater into th river valleys, The river bottoms were covered with terr deposits--sand and gravel and silt which had come down from watersheds. Such erosion continues up to this day. During summer months, a berm might be built up blocking the ri mouths, but during the rainy season, flood waters would br through the berm, carrying sand and gravel to the beaches. Up the advent of civilization the watersheds were protected vegetation, and the erosion of the hills was minimized. About 200 years ago, Western Civilization came to Californ Herds of grazing animals reduced the vegetation on the hillsid Then farmers cultivated the slopes and further denuded tt- Then developers graded the slopes and highways were covered mud slicks as rainstorms washed away the unprotected soil. E stage of urbanization caused more erosion of the watersheds deposited more sand, gravel, and silt in the lagoons wh sedimentation could occur in the calm water. The lagoons si1 UP- When the developers built homes and paved streets in subdivisions the erosion process changed. There was not so n sand and gravel to wash down into the lagoons, but the water a higher velocity as it ran down the gutters. So it eroded remaining stream beds. Their mud, silt, clay, sand, and grf was carried into the lagoons where siltation continued to OCCL Across the lagoons, roadbeds were built for the railroad, Highway 101, and for Interstate-5. Buena Vista Lagoon another barrier at its east end carrying Jefferson Street. Tt obstructions restricted the flow into the ocean, and the qi water allowed even more silt to settle out in the lagoons. Buena Vista Lagoon had a weir installed across its mouth in I! This kept the ocean out until 1969 when a flood washed out weir. It was rebuilt in 1970 and Buena Vista Lagoon became APPENDIX i * m - freshwater lake, except for sewage which was dumped into regularly until 1960 and spilked into it sporadically ever sin1 Buena Vista Lagoon silted up. The San Diego Gas and Electric company bought Agua Hedio Lagoon, and commenced dredging it in 1952. Most of the follow information has been extracted from the U,qb Army Corps Engineers "Appraisal Report for Agua Hedionda". By 1954 the outer lagoon had been dredged to a depth of ten f and a tidal prism flowed through it to provide clear ocean wa to cool the condensers of the Encina Thermal Power Plant. T dredging produced about 4,278,000 cubic yards of sand initial 1,024,000 yards from the outer lagoon and 3,254,000 cubic ya from the middle and inner lagoons. This sand was dumped on beach. An inlet and an outlet further south, both protected short twin jetties, provide circulation for the tidal pri Nevertheless, SDG&E has to q$edge the sand bar from the ou lagoon about every two years. Most of the follgwing was extracted from the Batiquitos Lag Enhancement Plan. In recent years, Batiquitos Lagoon has b mostly salt flats. It was open naturally most of the time un the mid-'60's. Since then, it has been opened with a bulldo occasionally to let the stagnant waters out and thus av flooding the sewage booster plant on the south side. The bot of Batiquitos Lagoon is covered with fluvial material, mostly sand and gravel, topped with a thin layer of clay and si Sedimentation of Batiquitos Lagoon increased rapidly as La Co and the San Marcos valley were subdivided. LAGOONS AS A POTENTIAL SOURCE Of BEACH SAND. If Carlsbad's beaches are to be replenished to combat be erosion, they should be nourished periodically. The lagoons provide a handy and continuing source of sand, if they dredged periodically. Unfortunately, not all the sand in the lagoons is usable on beach.If the sand is too light, the ocean will float it awa) Silt or clay-sized materials won't stick on the beac Generally, an upper layer of silt, composed of clayey shales mudstones, will have to be disposed of before the sand useable beaches can be dredged out. Most often such silt is used landfills, such as in the area just east of Jefferson Street the former Buena Vista Lagoon. Again unfortunately, such cla) not a stable platform for heavy construction. APPENDIX a v - From Buena Vista Lagoon, it would be possible to dredge f 10,000 to 100,000 tons of sediment per year, but only 5L to of that would be sand suitable for beach nourishment. A weight test on Aqua Hedionda sand indicated a cubic yard wo weigh 2,565 pounds, or 1.3 tons. The maximum annual sand prod tion of Buena Vista Lagoon would be 20% x 100,000 tons + 1. 15,385 cubic yards of sand. The minimum annual sand product would be 5% x 10,000 tons + 1.3 = 385 cubic yards. Whether it produces only 385 cubic yards or 15,385 cubic yards sand per year, something must be done perjodically to prevent Buena Vista Lagoon from silting up again. Aqua Hedionda Lagoon consists of outer, middle, and in lagoons. No information is available on the contents of middle lagoon, between 1-5 and the railroad trestle. The ou lagoon is dredged periodically by SDG&E to ensure a good flow clear water through the plant's cooling system. The sand consists of "flour sand" which is discharged directly onto beaches south of the inlet jetties where it sticks until st waves carry it away. Because Aqua Hedionda is dred periodically to a depth of about 16 feet, tBe sediment is alm all ocean sand and not mixed with silt. The outer lag provided an average 78 115,575 cubic yards of sand per y between 1955 and 1972. The inner Aqua Hedionda Lagoon is that portion east of 1-5. sand bar consisting of about 30,000 cubic yards of sediment formed at the west end of the lagoon. How much of this useable beach sand and how much is land-fill mud is unkno This y8terial is deposited at the rate of 13,000 cubic yards year. In summary, Aqua Hedionda Lagoon has available for initial be replenishment some 30,000 cubic yards of material plus undetermined materials around the periphery of the inner lago plus the undetermined materials of the middle lagoon sandt For annual beach maintenance it could provide 115,000 cubic YE from the outer lagoon, 13,000 cubic yards from the inner lagc and an unestimated quantity of beach sand from the middle lac - more than 128,000 cubic yards per year. Depending upon which lagoon enhancement plan is selected, BE quitos Lagoon could provide an initial 3,400,000 cubic yards beach sand after the removal of some 581,000 cubic yards of f silt which should go into landfill. Thereafter, the propc sediment basin at the east end could provide about 1,000 CL yards of beach sand per year. If the tidal prism method keeping Batiquitos Lagoon is used successfully, there would APPENDIX I 0 w - little or no synd available for beach replenishment from the I of the lagoon. In short, the total maximum estimated capability of Carlsba lagoons to nourish Carlsbad's beachhes averages, per year: Buena Vista 15,385 cubic yards per year Aqua Hedionda 128,000 cubic yards per year Batiquitos 1,000 cubic yards per year SAND DISPOSAL SITES The net annual movement of sand along Carlsbad's beaches is f north to south at the rate of about 280,000 cubic yards per ye It, therefore, seems logical to deposit beach replenishment E at the north end in order to obtain the full use of it as migrates south toward La Jolla Canyon. To transport sand to Carlsbad's side of the Buena Vista weir I the proposed siltation basins at the east end of Batiqui Lagoon is a trip of 9 or 10 miles by highway. A hydraulic pi line would probably follow about the same route. SDG&E would reluctant to pump dredge spoil from Aqua Hedionda Lagoon nortt the entrance jetties, since it is probable that sand north of jetties drifts into the entrance channel and forms the sand just inside the lagoon. For these reasons, it seems logical to deposit sand from lagoons on the beaches nearest them. This would be n economical in terms of transportation costs, and would also c; fewer ecological and other environmental disruptions objections. Therefore, Buena Vista sand should be deposited Carlsbad's northernmost beach; Aqua Hedionda sand should deposited on the beach south of the inlet jetties, and Batiquj sand could be carried perhaps as far north as Ponto. Since the City of Carlsbad owns none of these beaches, permiss to replenish them would involve negotiations with a number regulatory agencies, and include also the property owners wt beaches would be affected. TRANSPORTATION OF SAND The two most common methods of transporting sand from lagoon beach are trucking and hydraulic piping. It is also possible, course, to pile it near the source. APPENDIX 0 I -f In the case of Buena Vista, if the sand were to be deposited Carlsbad's northern beach, a pipeline would probably be mc appropriate. Similarly, the existing hydraulic pipeline would appropriate to move sand from Aqua Hedionda to the neai beaches. The huge initial volume of sand from Batiquil enhancement plans would probably be most easily and cheaply mo\ by pipeline. The small annual increments predicted from 1 eastern end of Batiquitos might be stored and then moved truck. The dredge used by SDG8tE can be disassembled and installed in of Carlsbad's lagoons. SDG&E is considering leasing it dur the long intervals when it is not needed to clear the channel Aqua Hedionda. Other, smaller dredges are available for close work near the bridges. They would probably need booster pumps the sand is to be transported any great distance. The SD dredge can be used as a booster to move fluidized sand for ab two miles. a COSTS OF SAND The consensus of opinions is that it costs around $4/cubic y to move sand by hydraulic dredge, and if a booster pump is nee to increase the distance of transport, additional costs incurred. Some of that expense can be offset by selling sand,,,;gich has been estimated to be worth about $2.50 per cu yard. There remains the problem of determining who owns sand, and who wants it? FUNDING BEACH NOURISHMENT Beach replenishment is an expensive proposition. Some sources funds, guch as federal grants, are expected to dry up in the r future. Although the Corps of Engineers has funds for proje which are restorations of former conditions, Carlsbad's beac may not meet that criterion; historically, they have been nar and cobbled, State funds come through various agencies, but the Parks Recreation Department is generally opposed to impeding the cou of nature, so they might offer significant opposition replenishing Carlsbad's beaches, most of which come under tt jurisdiction. The newest regional consortium, BEACh, may in the future pro\ some funding, but lagoon manipulation might be considered a 1( problem not sufficiently rewarding to the entire Ocean: littoral cell. APPEND I X : 18 0 v - Because Carlsbad City owns no beach, it will be difficult overcome taxpayer resistance to spending city funds to restc beaches. If the city were to attempt funding, two aveni suggest significant possibilities. Formation of a Commun; Facilities District such as was contemplated for Oceanside wok provide varyingl.+ax rates depending on the distaqSe of propel from the beach. The Sand Rights legal doctrine could enat the City to obtain or sell lagoon sand. Finally, beachfrr. property owners might be required to finance their own be: nourishement. ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS The "natural" historical condition of these lagoons--bef Western Man interfered with them--was as river mouths empty into the sea during winter rains and floods. Often they w brackish marshes when a sand berm built up blocking the ri mouth during summertime and dry periods. The rivers then freshwater flora and fauna. Buena Vista Lagoon has been restored to a brackish, freshwa habitat; the other two have not. The question arises, what the Proper condition of these lagoons? Pre-historic, fr flowing fresh water? Free-flowing tidal prism ocean estuary? their "current" condition? "Current" conditions include riparian eastern ends, fresh wa marsh, salt water marsh, mud flats, saltwater sports areas, an tidal prism channel. The biological resources of a "restored" lagoon,4are described the appraisal report for Aqua Hedionda Lagoon . They incl pickleweed, various indigenous plants on the banks, and eelgr underwater. They include some 55 species of water birds and species of land birds, including some rare or endangered speci 44 species of fish, untold species of clams and other underwa invertebrates, and some cultural resources in archaeologi sites. Impacting on this ecological community are human activiti including water sports and industrial use of the water. In his presentation "Are Estuaries Really Necessary?", Ogle commented in 1973: "All the food organisms that man takes from estuarie are dependent upon the integrity of the salt marsh--E grass mudflat system, known as the DETRITUS FOOD CHB Disruption of the detritus food chain will diminish i APPENDIX k '1 0 T - fisheries dependent upon estuaries ... once wetlands tidal flats are destroyed, they can be regained only great expense. I11 2 ENVIRONMENTALIST REACTIONS Envrionmentalist rections to any proposed modification of status quo can be expected to be varied and intense. The gro will not always focus on the same perceived problem, nor w their positions always be complementary. The California Coastal Commission in 1981 adopted a "Statew interpretive guideline for wetlands and other wet environmenta sensitive habitat areas." This requires an exhaustive effort determine the answers to pertinent questions, and2 to prop remedial answers to unsatisfactory perceived results. The Batiquitos Lagoon Enhancement Plan of 19853 includes a 1 sequential list of steps necessary in the formulation execution of a modification to a lagoon. It cites the agenc from whom agreement and/or permits are necessary before a p can be implemented. The plan also suggests sources of funds for lagoon modificatio As was evident in the Batiquitos Lagoon hearings, after all necessary criteria have been met, there will still be m challenges to the results. An EIR will not quiet environmental uproar. OTHER INLAND SOURCES OF SAND Since the rivers have been dammed, sediment has been accumulat behind the dams. According to Dr. Douglas Inman, the state the art now can enable the removal of this sediment and transport downstream. This sediment is the same sand and gr: which used to be discharged onto the beaches by the rivers. F the sandpiles below the dams, trucks could haul the sand Carlsbad. The approximate mileage from various dams to Carl2 is: Calavera Lake 6 Lake San Marcos 11 Lake Hodges 18 Dixon Lake 21 Lake Wohlford 23 Lake Sutherland 41 Lake Henshaw 47 APPENDIX . <t 1 0 v I - Flood control basins are another inland source of be; materials. These catchments fill up with sand and gravel 4 have to be cleaned out. In Los Angeles County, the Engini trucks this siltation to county beaches, where the ocean conve. it to beach sand. R E C 0 M ME,N D A T I 0 N S 1. The sediment in Carlsbad's lagoons should be used to coml erosion on Carlsbad's beaches. 2. By programmed, selective removal of lagoon siltation, broad beach could be established and thereafter nouris periodically from the lagoons. 3. While providing beach nourishment, lagoons could be modif to meet popular demands ranging from "natural" conditi to water-sports/picnic areas. 4. A planned program should be initiated to continue maintenance of the lagoons and the replenishment of beaches in the future. 5, Funding for lagoon/beach enhancement should be sought f agencies outside Carlsbad. It is unlikely that reside could be persuaded to support the expensive, long-rE program. 6. A permanent commission should be formed to oversee beach/lagoon enhancement program. It should be broad-bas including residents, merchants, hoteliers, enginee financiers, sportsmen,and environmentalists. APPENDIX w - 0 L (' , REFERENCES 1. Applegate, J. & ASSOC., & Williams, P. & Assoc. 1985. Bu Vista Lagoon Watershed Sediment Control Plan. (Califor State Coastal Conservancy). 2. California Coastal Commission. 1981. Statewide Interpret Guideline For Wetlands and Other Wet Environmenta Sensitive Habitat Areas. 3. California State Coastal Conservancy. 1985. Batiqui Lagoon Enhancement Plan. 4. City of Carlsbad Planning Department. 1976. Dr Environmental Impact Report. Aqua Hedionda Lagoon Speci Plan. 5. City of Carlsbad. 1976. Aqua Hedionda Specific Plan. 6. City of Carlsbad. 1980. EIR for Buena Vista Desiltation. 7. City of Carlsbad. 1982. Aqua Hedionda Land Use Plan. 8. Dyson, Bill. 1985. Comments during dredge tour, Nov. 1985. (Dyson is Project Officer for SDG&E dredging). 9. Griggs, G., & Savoy, L., Editors. 1985. Living With California Coast. 10. Komar, P.D. 1976. Beach Processes and Sedimentation. 11. Noble, I?. 1985(?). Community Facilities District for Be Facilities, Oceanside Pier. (Cost Estimates). 12. Oglesby, L.C. 1973. Are Estuaries Really Necessary? 13. Stone, K.E., & Kaufman, B. 1985. Sand Rights. A Le System to Protect "The Shores of the Sea". 14. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1985. Appraisal Report Aqua Hedionda Lagoon. Carlsbad, California. APPENDIX I b W' 4 4P W 2/20/a Carlsb Dear Mario: This will serve as my input to the Carlsbad Beach Erosion Commi tee report to the Carlsbad City Council. It is not intended tt- this be a stand alone document, rather that it be incorporal into the committee's final report. It may, however, be incluc as an appendix. The following paragraph will summarize my recommendations to ' committee: A, The beach communities along the Oceanside littoral ce' under the supervision of their respective city and COUI governments and with guidance from appropriate sti agencies, from a joint committee empowered to: 1. Superficially investigate the beach erosion problems the Oceanside littoral cell. 2. Identify sources of funds available for dealing w. beach erosion problems. 3. Using funds available from No. 2, engage the services coastal processes experts (science, engineering, leg so that they may closely examine the problems possible solutions (if any) of the Oceanside cell. 4. Submit the conclusion and recommendation of the ab consultants to the resp&ive city and county governme for appropriate follow up action. B. Short term action: 1. The City of Carlsbad independently, or in conjunct with the state or other neighboring communities, und take a program of beach profile surveying. This data essential to any long term study. 2. The City of Carlsbad retain the services of a coas processes expert to advise the City on the distribut of lagoon dredging materials along the Carlsbad coast APPE c .* 6 e W If any of the above recommendations will be considered by t City, then the committee will have made a major contribution understanding the processes that influence the beach behavj along the Oceanside littoral cell. The problems and difficulties experienced by the City of Carlst beaches have been adequately described in reports the Committ has amassed throughout its tenure. In addition, numerc speakers have discussed the phenomenon responsible for t present state of this fragile land-sea interface. Since tk information will be presented in the appendix, it will not repeated here. It is interesting to note, however, that t accumulated evidence points to man's interference with naturi processes as the cause of the semi-permanent state of denul beaches that we witness today. The problems of the coast line along the Carlsbad City beacl are the problems of the Oceanside littoral cell. These problc are shared by the communities to the north and south of Carlsb, It is the consensus of many experts in the field of coas studies and civil engineering in the oceans that technical administratively and operationallly these problems must considered in the context of the activities of the whole ce Proposed solutions, which may or may not benefit one area, more than likely to effect beach responses in neigh-boring zonc There is ample evidence that a piece-meal approach compartmentalized solutions will eventually have detrimen results on the problem as a whole. The committee report mi emphasize the fact that from a technical, functional and ope tional aspect the problems of the cell are shared by all the c communities. Unilaterial solutions by individual entities w likely act to exacerbate the existing problems. This has b demonstrated on both a macro scale where individual be property owners have acted to protect their investment to detriment of their fellow property owners and on a global sc where projects undertaken by one city have deprived the next c of the natural sediment replenishment process. If the problems off the Oceanside cell are to be solved by cell communities, it is essential that these communities b together to form a cohesive political body. It is only thro this kind of political unity that sufficient resources may brought to bear on the issue. Emphasis on this approach may the greatest contribution this committee may make to the C Council. A logical progression may involve the following step A. Form a consortium of coastal Communities effected by the c (such as BEACh). APPE e a&& i, v 8. This body appoint, engage or hire a yroup of beach proce experts to conduct a long term comprehensive study into t problems and possible solutions of the Oceanside littor cell. These consultants should have a proven track record and shot involve professionals from the academic and engineering fie1 To be successful, these individuals must be provided with cle and definite objectives. Their recommendations should returned within a reasonable time frame. It must be recognize however, that there is a distinct possibility that there exis no economically feasible or practical solution to the beE erosion problems as we now perceive them. There are two other near term issues which must be addressed. determine the scope and magnitude of the beach problems invesi gators must have a comprehensive data base. This is a: necessary for determining the effectiveness of any implemeni solution. Unfortunately, there is very little data wh. describes beach behavior along the cell. The situation, w. respect to wave climate, is somewhat better but could Sti improvement. It is strongly reecommended that the C. immediately embark upon a program of surveying the local be; profiles. The issue of lagoon dredged sediment distribution must resolved. It is recommended that the City of Carlsbad immec ately engage the services of coastal experts so that they I determine the spacial and temporal distribution of this sp material. This is not a large or complicated task and could completed in short order. DAVE CASTEL DC:lch APPEF