Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout1992-10-20; City Council; 11935; SKATEBOARD COMMITTEEq6 CC)Y OF CARLSBAD - AGEQA BILL PC rf/ I k I u 04 4 .A 2 u MG GS -rl 0 40 AB # 'I! 9 35 CITY MG DEPT. CM DEPT. H' TITLE: MTG. 10-20-92 CITY AT SKATEBOARD COMMITTEE fig I R€GOIWM€ND€D AGTION; $-a 4 .- c) Am a0 $2 a? a; 53s (dw uu mu 0 aJ ld M'j *rl bo F U' k .rl a cd NP 03s LJU I El aaJa UG -aGU sa aJ 2 8.2 Frn (d 2 8.3 P:E LP 0 $Y 5 -2 4 92 cd "3T -rl 4J Gd u uocd moa u cda OaJ 5 aJ .rl 3u .rl p. 0 3E G %VI Ud\D a .rl 4 oahl L) cdm P Wd 0 Wrn * (d NZ ua mu d 5 4-1 -rl 0 u3 alou u Mr-l "Grn UaJO -rl $4 aJ a Od u dd ;ri aJ 5 uA u oua ucdcd 5v M \ OI % 1 0 l-l g F 0 a $ 8 z 3 Adopt Resolution No. (32-3 /6 appointing a skateboard committee of seven members to investigate skateboard areas and facilities, and direct staff to work with the committee. ITEM EXPIANATION: At its meeting on October 6,1992, the City Council expressed its intent to create a seven-member skateboard committee to address the issue of skateboarding in the city and to look into the possibility of skateboard facilities being located in Carlsbad. The committee will evaluate where skateboarding is currently allowed and where it is prohibited, and review liability issues related to skateboard facilities. These issues arose when the Council was asked to consider prohibiting skateboarding in the public parking lot located at the corner of Carlsbad Village'. Drive and Roosevelt Street (Exhibit 2). Public opposition to this prohibition and concern over the lack of alternate skateboarding sites prompted the Council to postpone the matter for two weeks. Skateboarding is currently prohibited by ordinance on private property open to the public in general and neighborhood commercial zones and in the village redevelopment zone where signs are posted. It is also prohibited in the public parking lot on State Street between Carlsbad Village Drive and Oak Avenue (lot A, as shown on Exhibit 3); in the fountain parking lot on State Street and Grand Avenue (lot B on Exhibit 3); in the Split Pavilion; in the Ocean Street parking lot adjacent to the Split Pavilion; and on the seawall sidewalk. Skateboarding is not prohibited in the other public parking lots downtown (Exhibit 3). In addition, skateboarding is allowed on sidewalks and on other public property throughout the city, including the blufftop walkway. The City Council was given authority by this ordinance to redate or mohibit skateboarding on specified public property by resolution. The authority to regulate skateboarding would allow the Council to restrict the use of public property by skateboarders to certain hours, for example after 6:OO p.m. The ordinance is the product of a skateboard committee formed in 1991. This committee felt that it achieved the dual purpose of allowing skateboarding for recreation and transportation, while at the same time protecting property and pedestrians. However, the committee also recognized that as more property was banned from skateboarding, there would be fewer locations for skateboarders to use. i I c 0 .. w 7 Page 2 of Agenda Bill # j I,q 1 3 5 The possibility of skateboard facilities being located in Carlsbad was discussed by Member Larson. Staff analysis of city-owned and operated skateboard facilities indicated that the City's municipal liability insurance pool will provide liability coverage for low-hazard facilities only. In order to quatifv as a low-hazard facility, the skateboard complex must meet members of the previous committee, which included Mayor Lewis and Council the following requirements: AcceDtable: A) Curbs B) Benches C) Mini-Banks (3' or lower curved cement walls) D) Slightly slanted snake-run trails E) Shallow dips F) Open cement courts or riding grounds Not Acceotable: 1) Vertical half-pipes 2) Vertical ramps and drops 3) Swimming pools or similar deep bowls (where high speed is combined with depth and height of a run.) It would appear that any proposed skateboard facility should be constructed and operated only under the following conditions: A) The facility should adhere to the low hazard criteria established by the City's municipal insurance pool and associated insurance carriers in order to ensure that liability coverage would be provided; B) The facility should be constructed in a way that would permit it to be secured, by restricting access, during non-operational hours; C) The facility should be completely supervised during operational hours; D) Safety equipment should be required for all facility users; E) The number of users should be carefully limited at any one time; and F) A skateboard safety educational program should be provided for and required of all facility users. ? fi 0 Page 3 of Agenda Bill # 1 1, q 3 5 W Because of the extensive liability issues and cost to construct and operate skateboard facilities, it was decided by the previous committee that city-owned facilities would not be feasible. Several members of the committee volunteered to explore the private construction and operation of skateboard facilities on their own. A member of the previous committee indicated that his investigation into this matter showed that private liability issues were a problem and, for this reason, his research shows that there are currently no privately owned or operated skateboard facilities in California. ExHIBm: 1. Resolution No. 92-3/b . 2. Agenda Bill No. 11,920. 3. Map of village area public parking. 4. Memo from Risk Manager dated October 8, 1992. I I/ '* w \ I/ m 1 2 3 4 5 RESOLUTION NO. 92-316 RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA, CREATING A SKATEBOARD COMMITTEE AND APPOINTING NINE MEMBERS 1 WHEREAS, the City Council recognizes the need to create a skateboard corn 6 7 to address issues facing skateboarders in Carlsbad; WHEREAS, this committee will evaluate where skateboarding is currently all and where it is prohibited, and identify areas for possible use by skateboarders; 8 9 10 WHEREAS, the committee will investigate and review liability issues relat skateboard facilities; NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Car 11 1. That the above recitations are true and correct. 12 California, as follows: 13 14 2. That the following persons are hereby appointed to serve as membel skateboard committee for an unspecified term. Council Member Stanton 151 Council Member Nygaard 16 17 Robert Royce John Jones 18 Cat un 19 Christine Carr 20 21 22 Mark Nordquist Steve Fehlhaber Representative from School Board 23 24 terminates upon making its recommendations to the City C~ud. 3. That the skateboard committee is an ad-hoc committee whose ex 25 /// 26 27 ./// 28 II I ,' 1 2 3 4 5 I 6 7 a 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 w PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED at a regular meeting of the City Counc the City of Carlsbad, California on the 20th day of OCTOBER, 1992, by the follol vote, to wit: AYES: Council Members Lewis, Kulchin, Larson, Stanton, Nygaard NOES: None ABSENT; None 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 ATTEST: ~ (SEAL) i I I - &Y OF CARLSBAD - AG F!F DA BILL LnnnnunL L AB# 11 $46 I TITLE: PROHIBITION OF SKATEBOARDING DEPT. t MTG. 10-6-92 DEPT. CM CITY A1 IN THE PUBLIC PARKING LOT AT CARLSBAD VILLAGE DRIVE AND ROOSEVELT STREET CITY M( I I I I RECOMMENDED ACTION: Adopt Resolution No. 9 2-30? prohibiting skateboarding in the public parking lot located at Carlsbad Village Drive and Roosevelt Street. I" EXPLANATION: On January 7, 1992, the City Council adopted Ordinance NS-188 approving an amendment to the Carlsbad Municipal Code to prohibit skateboarding in certain areas of the City. The ordinance allows the City Council to "...adopt a resolution regulating or prohibiting the use of skateboards on specified public property or public right-of-ways upon the placement of appropriate signs." The parking lot on Roosevelt Street near Carlsbad Village Drive is a City-owned parking lot. The Police Department has received complaints regarding noise, profanity, littering and vandalism by skateboarders in this parking lot. Exhibit 3 contains a letter and petition from merchants and customers in the downtown area detailing the problems they are experiencingwhh skateboarders in this lot. However, because skateboarding is not currently prohibited in this lot, the Police Department cannot legally require skateboarders to leave the area. The attached resolution prohibits skateboarding in this parking lot. The original ordinance adopted by the City Council prohibited skateboarding in the public parking lots located on State Street and Grand Avenue, and on State Street between Carlsbad Village Drive and Oak Avenue, and in the Split 'Pavilion. In addition, the City Council recently adopted a resolution prohibiting skateboarding in the parking lot and sidewalks adjacent to the Split Pavilion on Ocean Street. EXHIBITS: 1. Resolution No. 9 1- 3 C? prohibiting skateboarding in the public parking lot located at Carlsbad Village Drive and Roosevelt Street. 2. Location map. 3. Letter and petition to Mayor Lewis dated August 10, 1992. 2 0 U E b. 8 z a 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 I 19 i 20 i 21 I 22 I 23 24 25 26 I I 27 I 28 0 w RESOLUTION NO. 92 - 3 0 2 RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA, PROHIBITING SKATEBOARDING IN THE PUBLIC PARKING LOT AT CARLSBAD VILLAGE DRIVE AND ROOSEVELT STREET WHEREAS, the City Council recognizes the potential for property damage and traffic safety hazards caused by skateboarding; and WHEREAS, the City Council may regulate or prohibit the use of skateboards on specific public property or public right-of-ways by resolution; and WHEREAS, there is an urgent need to prohibit skateboarding m the public parking lot located at Carlsbad Village Drive and Roosevelt Street, due to safety hazards. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Carlsbad, California, as follows: 1. That the above recitations are true and correct. 2. That upon adoption of this resolutlan and the placement of appropriate signs, skateboarding shall be prohibited in the public parking lot located at Carlsbad Village Drive and Roosevelt Street. PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Carlsbad, California on the day of 9 1992, by the following vote, to wit: AYES: NOES: ABSENT: CLAUDE A. LEWIS, Mayor ATTEST: ALETHA L. RAUTENKRANZ, City Clerk (SEAJJ 0 w w I - - - . . . . . . . . . - . . . __ . N c1 .- n I: X UJ .- w * 0 e Exhibit 3 - Mayor C.A. "Bud" Lewis City Council City of Carlsbsd I200 Carlsbad Vi 11 age Dri VE Carlsbad, CA, 92006 RE: Skateboarders on Downtown Parking Lots Mayor Lewis: We are writing this letter on behalf of the undersigned members of the downtown husiness community. Since the construction of the City's parking lots on Roosevelt St between Carisbed ?Wqe drive and Grand Aye within the immediate vicinity of the. Housing & Redeveiopfnent office, sk8tebo€trders have continued to use this area ilfegaIl~ Notices & signs have been posted stating prohibition of use for skate-boarding purposes. However, ttse posted signs have been vandalized, rewroved ti not re-installed. This parking lot was purchased and improved to serve as psrking facilities for The Village, businesses, guests, and clients. The area now is a "SKATE-BOARDERS ffAVEN". Unfortunately, many of the skate-boarders are rude, profane, abusive snd abrasive. Pstrorrage in the City's parking lots include females, seniors & visit-ors to the downtcwn and 8s such, should not have to deal with this situation. The continued intrusion by the Skste-boarders not only prevents citizens R visitors from using the property; but also creates B risk of physical danger & liability for those who park their cars and own property in the area. Therefore, we recommend pasting the adjec-erct pedeft-rim are8s. Observation of individuals illegally using the facility indicate that they are oi legal age, leave extensive litter, and in fact, drive c%rs to these areas. We have repeatedlg notified the Redevelopment Office and the Police Ctepsrtrnent of the problem; however, the nuissnce hss not subsided nor- the uctivity been curtailed. It appears to the undersigned, the Police Department has taken a "drive-by slap or1 the wrist" attitude. Once a Police Officer orrives, the skate-boarders disperse for 112 hour or so, tt-ien ret-urn in force. Several suggestions have been offered by people signing this petition which could assist in solving the problem. The suggestions include: 11 Elirninate the n8rrow curb islands in the parking lot & replace them with protectil?e bollards similar t.o those in the Roosevelt Street median. 2) Re-instatl vandal proof signage in the parking lot & Paint signage on paved surfaces. 3) Confiscate the offender's skateboard and return only after B letter has beets received ft-orii the parents and payment of Y $25.00 fine. Hecisi tnsf-ion could occilf at the Police Department. - a 0- e Letter to Mayor C.A. "8ud" Lewis re: SkateBoarders Pap" 2 kug 10, 19' 4) Designate ottw more remote parking areas for after business hour.skateboat-d use, i.e. the City Parking Lot on State Street & Oak kve. or within school psrkit lots. It is our belief that this situation on a City facility creates a potentially dsngereous i libelous problem. Mayor Lewis, your considered attention to this issue is appreciated. cc: Citu Council Members City Haneger Community Development Director. Carlsbad Police Department Redevelopment Director Please submit ang response to 2956 Roosevelt St, Suite *3 i - -. e W - Letter to Mayor C.A. "Bud" Lewis re: SkateBoarders Aug 10, 1992 Signed . 6 -' s $ 30 ADDRESS 7354 ~Sfuck * v 7 24-467 - - I am $&?5Eflw zjfs-4 w, HY 7w-u7z 25356 "7, - f-) * q FA ~~FWL st- c.5 ,xqx(-, (&lc,&>..r.,, \7\ 5% .tf- (t' - 2qJ-4 ?'m W~I.~?~ s$ * J- Pa ~A#~4& ( " .. 2 545 c fllas$ {,%.(J- &- W6T edW&?Fr L~'L4" +sve c+gw+ 9.%T qfq:k s-3" f4EL-b //IWd A Az.: 5 c.O P!/t.t?~,~&~d/<~,~ i2+ . asoUW?F$r&W a. iolf-Ly Tfirn'Y .PI. ,E%, \ Pbl Iw7 ~'CLIHYISI - *I ' I w Railroad Tracks State Street VILLAGE AREA PUBLIC PARKING 1992 Skateboarding prohibited ... ... ... ... 0 0 Exhibit 4 October 8, 1992 TO: ASSISTANT TO THE CITY MANAGER FROM: Risk Manage SKATEBOARD FACIIJTIES IN CALIFORNIA The following is the result of a survey of cities in California that have/had a skateboard facility or are considering, or have considered such a facility. The Encinitas YMCA facility is included because it is the only known skateboard complex in the County. 1. Citv of Benecia: The Parks and Recreation Department indicated that they had a low hazard facility. It is simply a converted parking lot that is approximately 150' by 75'. It was overlayed with asphalt and a series of small ramps, 3' to 4' in height, were Astalled. The total cost was approAmately $17,000. The facility is unsecured and unsupervised. A sign requiring the use of safety equipment is posted. They have had several injuries, but only one minor claim since the facility was established in 1988. The City of Benecia is a member of the Association of Bay Area Governments (BAG). Liability coverage is provided through that municipal insurance pool and the skateboard facility is included in the coverage. Contact: Mike Alvarez (707) 746-4285 2. Encinitas YMCA: The Encinitas YMCA has a 23,000 sq. ft. skateboard facility with a "street course and the biggest ramp in California." The facility opened two and one-half years ago and during that time expanded to its present size. It is enclosed by a 6' fence, safety equipment is required, and there are a minimum of two (2) supervisors present at all times. Injuries occur at a rate of "about once a month'' and usually consist of broken bones. However, there have been very few claims. Facility usage is down about 50% from one year ago. This is attributed to (1) the cost ($4 during the week and $6 on the weekend); (2) the preference of some skateboard enthusiasts to skate on the street; and (3) the periodic change in degree of popularity of the sport. The Encinitas YMCA is part of a YMCA insurance pool. Liability coverage for the facility is provided through that insurance pool. ’. c 1- 0 e Assistant to the City Manager October 8, 1992 Page 2 3. City of Palo Alto: This city has a very elaborate skateboard facility. It opened in January of 1991 and is extraordinarily popular. It attracts people from throughout California and from all of the other states. Some users have come from as far away as Australia. It is a large complex composed of three (3) concrete bowls which are interconnected at the center by adjoining hips. The bowls are 4’, 6‘ and 8’ in depth. The hips meet to form a concrete island. The facility is designed for use by skateboarders with intermediate and advanced skill levels. The initial cost of constructing the complex was approximately $100,000. During the first 6 weeks of its operation, the city experienced a large number of injuries. Although the majority of those injuries resulted in broken bones, three (3) serious head trauma cases also occurred. Subsequent to these events, the city decided to re-fence the complex. Originally, it was enclosed by a 4’ fence. However, because of the liability problems, it was replaced by a 6’ fence and an additional 2’ of slanted cyclone fencing was added to the top. In addition to securing the facility, the City decided to provide continuous supervision, control the operating hours, require safety equipment and limit the number of people using the facility at any one time. As a result, the facility is constantly supervised during operating hours and patrolled after hours. It is open for use during established hours only. All users are required to wear safety equipment consisting of helmets, elbowpads and kneepads. The number of skateboarders permitted to use the facility at any one time is restricted to seven (7). No waivers are required. Although their operating expense has increased substantially, the number of injuries has been greatly reduced. Subsequent to their unfortunate beginning, the City considered closing the Commerce persuaded them to leave it open because the skateboarders were now using the facility instead of the downtown area. The City of Palo Alto is a member of the Authority for California Cities Excess Liability (ACCEL). Liability coverage is provided through that municipal insurance pool. However, coverage for the skateboard complex has been excluded because the risk is considered to be too great. Contact: Dave Brees (415) 329-2510 complex entirely However, the downtown merchants and the Chamber of Adam Politzer (415) 329-2390 . e e .c Assistant to the City Manager October 8, 1992 Page 3 4, City of Santa Cruz: The City has two (2) low-hazard skateboard facilities. Each is a half-pipe snake run which is 3’ deep, 6‘ to 8’ wide, and 150’ long and terminates into a small 3’ bowl. They are concrete and built into the ground. They can accommodate either single or multiple runners. There have been no serious injuries and only a couple of minor claims at this facility. Neither facility is secured or supervised. No safety equipment is required and no waivers are requested. The City of Santa Cruz is self-insured for liability purposes. Contact: Jack Hain (408) 429-3589 5. City of Saratom: Originally, this City had a skateboard facility that was composed of a wooden ramp. It was a double vertical half-pipe that was 6’ in height and covered .with a masonite skin to reduce the noise level. It was closed after being in operation for only three weeks. While open, safety equipment was required. That was done by posted notice since the facility was only casually supervised. Apparently, the masonite skin wore off very, very quickly. The resulting increase in the noise level, described as something similar to a locomotive, caused a massive number of complaints to be filed by residents living adjacent to the park. Additionally, the 6‘ fence surrounding the ramp and the chained entryway were continually being cut in order to provide access to trespassing users at all hours of the day and night. Although the facility was very popular and a major attraction to skateboarders from all areas, it was closed because of the problems just described. Since then, the City has considered placing a skateboard facility in several different locations, but none have been approved due to strong opposition by residents. Contact: Dan Trinidad (408) 867-3438 v .c e 0 Assistant to the City Manager October 8, 1992 Page 4 6. Cily of Davis: This City opened a facility four months ago at a cost of approximately $80,000. The facility is enclosed by an 8’ fence, safety equipment is required of all participants and the complex is supervised at all times by two (2) staff members trained in first aid and CPR. So far, there have not been any claims. The City of Davis is a member of the Yo10 County Public Agency Risk Management insurance Authority (YCPARMIA). Liability coverage for the facility is excluded from that pool so it was obtained from a private insurance company. Contact: Patty Dumont (916) 757-5626 7. Citv of Eureka: This City pursued the idea of constructing a facility several years ago because the City Council indicated a desire to build such a complex. The design estimate for construction was $115,000; however, when the project went out for bid, the lowest bid received was $248,000. Insurance was another problem. It took the City 9 months to find someone willing to insure the proposed facility. However, both the premium and self-insured retention were considered to be too high. Additionally, the insurance company would have required that the facility be secured when closed, staffed when open and that safety equipment and waivers be utilized. The project was formally abandoned by the City Council in late 1989. Contact: C. J. Sylvester (707) 445-5425 8. City of Fairfield: The City has agreed to allow construction of a skateboard facility on a parcel of public park land as long as all of the funding is provided by local groups. No City funds are to be utilized. The interest groups have been given 5 years within which to come up with the money. More than a year has passed since that conditional permission was granted and no money has been raised. The City of Fairfield is a member of the California Joint Powers Authority (CJPA). Liability coverage is provided by that insurance pool. However, coverage for any skateboard facility that is built will be excluded. Contact: Maureen Jensen (707) 428-7663 w ,Y 0 0 c Assistant to the City Manager October 8, 1992 Page 5 9. City of Mill Valley: This City considered and rejected a proposal for a skateboard location chosen, approval from and coordination with other agencies will be required. The City of Mill Valley is a member of the California Municipal Insurance Authority (C.M.I.A.). Liability coverage for a skateboard facility is provided by that municipal insurance pool. facility in 1984, Recently a new proposal was made, However, due to the Contact: Christina (415) 383-1370 10. City of Napa: This City has approved the construction of a new skateboard complex at a projected cost of $48,000. The facility will have a 2' to 3' bowl as well as 18" curbing and ramps. Safety equipment will be required as well as an ongoing educational program. The facility will be located in a neighborhood park and will be unsupervised. Continental Insurance Company has agreed to provide coverage for the facility, subject to a $200,000 self-insured retention and several safety conditions. Contact: Heather (707) 257-9529 11. Citv of San Jose: In 1989, this City put together a task force to explore the possibility of constructing skateboard facilities. The final task force report made the following three recommendations: A. That the City should build skateboard play areas in 5 or 6 of their parks and that they should treat them in the same manner as playgrounds. B. That extensive skateboard educational programs should be started at all local elementary schools; and C. That the City should explore the possibility of building a multi-faceted skateboard center which would include a large skateboard complex, stadium seating, training programs and stores. The complex would generate revenue from the sales of equipment and clothing, admission charges for stadium events and training program fees. .e 9 .IT e e fi Assistant to the City Manager October 8, 1992 Page 6 Their proposed skateboard play areas were going to be classified as low to intermediate for skill level purposes. They would be composed of 4’ concrete walls, rails and a long meandering 3’ bowl. They would be unsupervised but posted to require safety equipment. The approximate cost of constructing one play area was $100,000. Although the recommendations were approved in concept, when communities have been asked to select the facilities for their neighborhood parks from a list of available options that is provided, they have never chosen the skateboard play areas. They have always selected other types of facilities for the limited funding that is available. The City of San Jose is self-insured for liability purposes. Contact: Roger Bridger (408) 277-5449 INSURANCE AND LEGAL REOUIREMENTS A. California Municipal Insurance Authorit~(CMIA): The City of Carlsbad is a member of C.M.I.A.’s municipal liability insurance pool. C.M.I.A. has indicated that it will provide liability coverage for low hazard skateboard facilities only. It has also indicated that, in order to qualify as a low below: Acceptable 1) Curbs 2) Benches 3) . Mini-Banks (3’ or lower curved cement walls) 4) Slightly slanted snake-run trails 5) Shallow dips 6) Open cement courts or riding grounds Not Acceptable: 1) Vertical half-pipes 2) Vertical ramps and drops hazard facility, the skateboard complex must meet the requirements set forth 3) Swimming pools or similar deep bowls (where high speed is combined with depth and height of a run) *. .1 rd e a # Assistant to the City Manager October 8, 1992 1 Page 7 B. Health and Safety Code Section 25906: California law imposes the following requirement on skateboard park operators: "NO OPERATOR OF A SKATEBOARD PARK SHALL PERMIT ANY PERSON TO RIDE A SKATEBOARD THEREIN, UNLESS SUCH PERSON IS WEARING A HELMET, ELBOW PADS AND KNEE PADS." Effective January 1, 1993, if the owner is a public entity, this requirement may be satisfied by passing an ordinance requiring any person riding a skateboard at the facility to wear a helmet, elbow pads, and knee pads, and posting reasonable signs at the facility advising users of those requirements. RECOMMENDATIONS If the City would like to consider constructing and operating a skateboard facility, it is recommended that it do so subject to the following minimum conditions: 1) The facility should adhere to the low hazard criteria established by the City's municipal insurance pool and associated insurance carriers in order to ensure that liability coverage would be provided; 2) The facility should be constructed in a way that would permit it to be secured, by restricting access, during non-operational hours; 3) The facility should be completely supervised during operational hours; 4) Safety equipment should be required for all facility users; 5) The number of users should be carefully limited at any one time; and 6) A skateboard safety educational program should be provided for, and required of, all facility users. Please let me know if I can provide any additional information. ~. -, ., - 111 ~CI~lUILlYI " AB 811,935, dtd 1C ^0/92 ATTACHMENTS