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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2003-11-18; City Council; 17378 EIR 1 of 2; Water and Sewer Master Plans Updates DRAFT FINAL PROGRAM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT for the WATER AND SEWER MASTER PLANS UPDATES SCH #2003051014 Prepared for: City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, California 92008 EIR # 03-01 Prepared by: 605 Third Street Encinitas, California 92024 JULY OCTOBER 2003 TABLE OF CONTENTS July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR i SectionSectionSectionSection Page No.Page No.Page No.Page No. PREFACE TO THE FINAL PROGRAM EIR........................................................................i LIST OF ACRONYMS..........................................................................................................ii SUMMARY.....................................................................................................................S-1 S-1 Introduction/Background..........................................................................S-1 S-2 Purpose and Scope of Report.....................................................................S-1 S-3 Environmental Procedures Under the California Environmental Quality Act..................................................................................................S-2 S-4 Areas of Known Controversy .....................................................................S-4 S-5 Project Objectives.......................................................................................S-5 S-6 Project Location.........................................................................................S-5 S-7 Project Characteristics...............................................................................S-5 S-8 Affected Environment................................................................................S-6 S-9 Environmental Impacts and Cumulative Impacts ....................................S-6 S-10 Other Considerations Required by CEQA...............................................S-19 S-11 Alternatives ..............................................................................................S-22 1.0 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Project Background.....................................................................................1-1 1.1.1 Carlsbad Municipal Water District..................................................1-1 1.1.2 Carlsbad Sewer District ..................................................................1-2 1.2 Purpose and Scope of Report.....................................................................1-2 1.3 Environmental Procedures under the California Environmental Quality Act..................................................................................................1-3 1.3.1 Notice of Preparation......................................................................1-3 1.3.2 Use of the Program EIR..................................................................1-4 1.4 Areas of Known Controversy ..................................................................... 1-5 1.5 Consultation and Coordination ................................................................. 1-7 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................2-1 2.1 Project Objectives.......................................................................................2-1 2.2 Project Location.........................................................................................2-1 2.3 Previous Master Plans................................................................................2-1 2.3.1 Previous Water Master Plans..........................................................2-1 2.3.2 Previous Sewer Master Plans..........................................................2-5 2.4 Project Characteristics...............................................................................2-6 2.4.1 2003 Water Master Plan Update....................................................2-7 TABLE OF CONTENTS July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR ii 2.4.2 2003 Sewer Master Plan Update..................................................2-18 2.4.3 Standard Design Features and Construction Measures...............2-27 2.4.4 Construction Schedule................................................................. 2-30 2.5 Approvals Required and Intended Uses of the EIR ................................2-31 3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING........................................................................3-1 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS .....................................................................4-1 4.1 Aesthetics .................................................................................................4.1-1 4.1.1 Existing Conditions.......................................................................4.1-1 4.1.2 Significance Criteria.....................................................................4.1-2 4.1.3 Impact Analysis............................................................................4.1-3 4.1.4 Mitigation Measures....................................................................4.1-6 4.1.5 Residual Impacts After Mitigation ..............................................4.1-6 4.2 Air Quality...............................................................................................4.2-1 4.2.1 Existing Conditions......................................................................4.2-3 4.2.2 Significance Criteria.....................................................................4.2-4 4.2.3 Impact Analysis............................................................................4.2-6 4.2.4 Mitigation Measures.................................................................. 4.2-11 4.2.5 Residual Impact After Mitigation.............................................. 4.2-11 4.3 Biological Resources ...............................................................................4.3-1 4.3.1 Existing Conditions......................................................................4.3-1 4.3.2 Significance Criteria...................................................................4.3-12 4.3.3 Impact Analysis..........................................................................4.3-13 4.3.4 Mitigation Measures..................................................................4.3-21 4.3.5 Residual Impact After Mitigation..............................................4.3-23 4.4 Cultural Resources..................................................................................4.4-1 4.4.1 Existing Conditions/Setting ........................................................4.4-1 4.4.2 Significance Criteria.....................................................................4.4-7 4.4.3 Impact Analysis........................................................................... 4.4-8 4.4.4 Mitigation Measures..................................................................4.4-12 4.4.5 Residual Impact After Mitigation..............................................4.4-21 4.5 Geology and Soils....................................................................................4.5-1 4.5.1 Existing Conditions......................................................................4.5-1 4.5.2 Significance Criteria.....................................................................4.5-3 4.5.3 Impact Analysis............................................................................4.5-5 TABLE OF CONTENTS July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR iii SectionSectionSectionSection Page No.Page No.Page No.Page No. 4.5.4 Mitigation Measures....................................................................4.5-7 4.5.5 Residual Impact After Mitigation................................................4.5-7 4.6 Hazards and Hazardous Materials .........................................................4.6-1 4.6.1 Existing Conditions......................................................................4.6-1 4.6.2 Significance Criteria.....................................................................4.6-3 4.6.3 Impact Analysis............................................................................4.6-4 4.6.4 Mitigation Measures....................................................................4.6-6 4.6.5 Residual Impacts After Mitigation ..............................................4.6-6 4.7 Hydrology and Water Quality................................................................. 4.7-1 4.7.1 Existing Conditions...................................................................... 4.7-1 4.7.2 Significance Criteria.....................................................................4.7-6 4.7.3 Impact Analysis............................................................................4.7-8 4.7.4 Mitigation Measures..................................................................4.7-10 4.7.5 Residual Impact After Mitigation...............................................4.7-11 4.8 Land Use..................................................................................................4.8-1 4.8.1 Existing Conditions......................................................................4.8-1 4.8.2 Significance Criteria.................................................................... 4.8-3 4.8.3 Impact Analysis........................................................................... 4.8-3 4.8.4 Mitigation Measures....................................................................4.8-7 4.8.5 Residual Impact After Mitigation................................................4.8-7 4.9 Noise........................................................................................................4.9-1 4.9.1 Existing Conditions......................................................................4.9-2 4.9.2 Significance Criteria.....................................................................4.9-3 4.9.3 Impact Analysis............................................................................4.9-3 4.9.4 Mitigation Measures....................................................................4.9-7 4.9.5 Residual Impact After Mitigation.............................................. 4.9-11 4.10 Transportation/Traffic.......................................................................... 4.10-1 4.10.1 Existing Conditions.................................................................... 4.10-1 4.10.2 Significance Criteria...................................................................4.10-2 4.10.3 Impact Analysis..........................................................................4.10-2 4.10.4 Mitigation Measures..................................................................4.10-5 4.10.5 Residual Impact After Mitigation..............................................4.10-7 5.0 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS ................................................................................5-1 5.1 Introduction...............................................................................................5-1 5.2 Analysis of Cumulative Impacts ................................................................ 5-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR iv SectionSectionSectionSection Page No.Page No.Page No.Page No. 6.0 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS REQUIRED BY CEQA ................................6-1 6.1 Significant Environmental Effects Which Cannot be Avoided if the Proposed Project Is Implemented....................................................6-1 6.2 Significant Irreversible Environmental Changes Which Would Be Caused by the Proposed Project Should it be Implemented....6-1 6.3 Growth Inducing Impact of the Proposed Project.....................................6-2 6.4 Effects Not Found to be Significant...........................................................6-4 7.0 ALTERNATIVES................................................................................................ 7-1 7.1 No Project Alternative................................................................................7-2 7.2 Planning and Land Use Alternatives.........................................................7-2 7.3 Environmentally Superior Alternative ......................................................7-3 8.0 LIST OF PREPARERS ......................................................................................8-1 9.0 REFERENCES AND PERSONS CONTACTED ............................................9-1 9.1 References and Bibliography.....................................................................9-1 9.2 Persons Contacted......................................................................................9-3 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix A Public Scoping Materials and Comments (Including NOP) Appendix B Cultural Resources Technical Report Appendix C Comments on the Draft Program EIR and Response to Comments TABLE OF CONTENTS July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR v SectionSectionSectionSection Page No.Page No.Page No.Page No. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2-1 Vicinity Map...............................................................................................2-2 Figure 2-2 Project Map................................................................................................2-3 Figure 2-3 Relationship to Development Projects....................................................2-13 Figure 4.3-1 Study Area Vegetation.............................................................................4.3-3 Figure 4.7-1 Study Area Hydrology.............................................................................4.7-3 LIST OF TABLES Table S-1 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation - Water Master Plan.....................S-10 Table S-2 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation - Sewer Master Plan.....................S-15 Table 2-1 Carlsbad Municipal Water District Capital Improvement Program.........2-8 Table 2-2 Related Environmental Documentation for Water Lines Included in CMWD’s Water Master Plan................................................................2-15 Table 2-3 Projects Identified in the 2003 Sewer Master Plan Update................... 2-20 Table 2-4 Projects Proposed at the Encina Water Pollution Control Facility.........2-26 Table 2-5 Summary of Standard Project Design Features and Construction Measures ..................................................................................................2-27 Table 4.2-1 Ambient Air Quality Standards ..............................................................4.2-2 Table 4.2-2 Ambient Air Quality Summary – Escondido and Oceanside Monitoring Stations 1996-2000.............................................................4.2-5 Table 4.4-1 Cultural Resource Sites Within or Adjacent to the Water Master Plan Update Study Area......................................................................... 4.4-8 Table 4.4-2 Cultural Resource Sites Within or Adjacent to the Sewer Master Plan Update Study Area........................................................................4.4-10 Table 4.9-1 Typical Sound Levels Measured in the Environment and Industry ......4.9-1 TABLE OF CONTENTS July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR vi THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK PREFACE July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR i PREFACE TO THE FINAL PROGRAM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORTPREFACE TO THE FINAL PROGRAM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORTPREFACE TO THE FINAL PROGRAM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORTPREFACE TO THE FINAL PROGRAM ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT This Final Program EIR includes revisions made to the Draft Program EIR as a result of responding to written comments received during the 45-day public review period for the Draft Program EIR, as well as minor corrections and revisions initiated by City of Carlsbad staff based on their ongoing review. The revisions/additions to the Final Program EIR text are highlighted by shaded text. Text removed is denoted by underlined text. For the list of commentors, written comments, and responses to comments received on the Draft Program EIR, refer to Appendix C. LIST OF ACRONYMS July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR ii ACOE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers ADT Average daily traffic ALUC Airport Land Use Commission APCD Air Pollution Control District ARB Air Resources Board AT&SF Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe BMPs Best Management Practices California Register California Register of Historical Places CCAA California Clean Air Act CDFG California Department of Fish and Game CDPs Coastal Development Permits CEQA California Environmental Quality Act CGS California Geological Survey CIP Capital Improvement Program CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plans CMWD Carlsbad Municipal Water District CNEL Community Noise Equivalent Level CO Carbon Monoxide dB Decibels du/ac dwelling units per acre DOC California Department of Conservation EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAZ Flight Activity Zone FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency HMP Habitat Management Plan I-5 Interstate 5 I-15 Interstate 15 Leq Over noise level of a period of time Leq(h) 1-hour Leq value LOS Level of service LWD Leucadia Wastewater District MHCP Multiple Habitat Conservation Plan MND Mitigated Negative Declaration MSCP Multiple Species Conservation Plan MRZ Mineral Resource Zone MTDB Metropolitan Transit Development Board NCCP Natural Community Conservation Plan LIST OF ACRONYMS July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR iii NFIP National Flood Insurance Program NOP Notice of Preparation NOx Nitrogen oxides NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NRCS National Resource Conservation Service MWD Municipal Water District PEIR Program Environmental Impact Report PM10 Respirable particulate matter RAQS Regional Air Quality Strategy RMP Risk Management Plan ROG Reactive organic gases RWQCB Regional Water Quality Control Board SANDAG San Diego Association of Governments SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District SCH State Clearinghouse SDCWA San Diego County Water Authority SDG&E San Diego Gas & Electric SDNR San Diego Northern Railroad SIP State Implementation Plan SR-76 State Route 76 SR-78 State Route 78 SWPPP Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan SWRCB State Water Resources Control Board TCP Traffic control plan TSP Total suspended particulates UBC Uniform Building Code USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service WPCF Water Pollution Control Facility WTP Wastewater Treatment Plant YBP Years before present SUMMARY July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-1 SSSS----1111 INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUNDINTRODUCTION/BACKGROUNDINTRODUCTION/BACKGROUNDINTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND The Carlsbad Municipal Water District (CMWD) and Carlsbad Sewer District (CSD) propose to implement the Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates. This Draft Program Environmental Impact Report (EIR) addresses the potential environmental consequences of the updated Master Plan projects. The CMWD and CSD are responsible for the respective maintenance, operations, and management of water distribution and sewer collection systems in the City of Carlsbad (City). Each District proposes to implement an update to their Master Plan for the provision of infrastructure services throughout the City. The Water Master Plan and Sewer Master Plan represent comprehensive programs for the phased and orderly development of water and sewer utilities for future needs of the City. They consist of individual capital improvement projects to construct new facilities and modify or expand existing facilities that would be needed to implement the Master Plan Updates. The CMWD Board of Directors is the decision-making body for the CMWD. The Carlsbad City Council is the decision-making body for the CSD. Together, CMWD and CSD will be Co-Lead Agencies in preparing this Program Environmental Impact Report (EIR) in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act of 1970 (CEQA) statutes (Cal. Pub. Res. Code, § 21000 et seq., as amended) and implementing State CEQA Guidelines (Cal. Code Regs., Title 14, § 15000 et seq., 1998). SSSS----2222 PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF REPORTPURPOSE AND SCOPE OF REPORTPURPOSE AND SCOPE OF REPORTPURPOSE AND SCOPE OF REPORT The purpose of this Program EIR is to assess and disclose potential impacts to the physical environment associated with construction and operation of the proposed updates to the Water and Sewer Master Plans. This document provides program-level, and in some cases project-level, information for consideration by decision-makers and the general public. This Program EIR focuses on the 10 issue areas of Aesthetics; Air Quality; Biological Resources; Cultural Resources; Geology and Soils; Hazards and Hazardous Materials; Hydrology and Water Quality; Land Use and Planning; Noise; and Transportation/Traffic. Other issue areas, including Public Services and Recreation, are not evaluated in detail in Chapter 4.0 of this Program EIR and are addressed as required by CEQA in Section 6.4 (Effects Not Found to be Significant). Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-2 Chapter 2.0 describes the project in detail, including the project’s objectives and characteristics. Chapter 3.0 provides the existing environmental setting. The Environmental Analysis section of the Program EIR (Chapter 4.0) addresses each relevant issue in detail by describing existing conditions, discussing potential impacts and their significance, and proposing mitigation measures to avoid or reduce identified significant impacts. The mitigation measures will be incorporated into a Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) to be adopted by the Districts as conditions of approval for the project. Cumulative impacts are assessed in Chapter 5.0, and other considerations required by CEQA are discussed in Chapter 6.0. Alternatives to the proposed project are addressed in Chapter 7.0. Chapter 8.0 identifies the list of preparers, and Chapter 9.0 provides the references used in the preparation of this document. SSSS----3333 ENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURES UNDER THE CALIFORNIAENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURES UNDER THE CALIFORNIAENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURES UNDER THE CALIFORNIAENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURES UNDER THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACTENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACTENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACTENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT This Program EIR has been prepared by the CMWD and CSD in accordance with the requirements of CEQA and the State CEQA Guidelines, as amended. An EIR is an informational document that is designed to inform decision-makers, other responsible or interested agencies, and the general public of the potential environmental effects of a proposed project; to examine and implement methods of eliminating or reducing any potentially adverse impacts; and to consider alternatives to the project as proposed. While CEQA requires that major consideration be given to avoiding environmental damage, the lead agency(ies) must balance adverse environmental effects against other public objectives, including economic and social goals, in determining whether and in what manner a project should be approved. To identify key issues and concerns relevant to the scope of the Program EIR, the Districts encouraged participation in the environmental review process from public agencies, special interest groups, and the general public. A major component of this process is public scoping. Scoping is a process designed to determine the breadth of issues to be addressed in the Program EIR. The aspects of the public scoping discussed in this section include the Notice of Preparation (NOP) and areas of controversy identified as a result of public scoping. Notice of PreparationNotice of PreparationNotice of PreparationNotice of Preparation The State CEQA Guidelines include requirements for an early and open process to Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-3 determine the scope of issues that should be addressed prior to implementation of a proposed action (State CEQA Guidelines, § 15082 and 15083). The Districts initiated the scoping process on April 28, 2003 through issuance of an NOP that included distribution to the State Clearinghouse (SCH) at the California Office of Planning and Research. The SCH monitors compliance of state agencies in providing timely responses and assigned state identification number (SCH #2003051014) to this EIR. The NOP is included in Appendix A. The NOP provided notification to all federal, state, and local agencies involved with funding or approval of the project, and to other interested organizations and members of the public, that an EIR will be prepared for this project. The NOP was intended to encourage interagency communication concerning the proposed action and provide sufficient background information about the proposed action so that agencies, organizations, and individuals could respond with specific comments and questions on the scope and content of the Program EIR. The Districts held a 30-day public review period to solicit comments on the NOP, beginning on April 28 and ending on June 1, 2003. Appendix A contains the eight comment letters received in response to the NOP. Use of the Program EIRUse of the Program EIRUse of the Program EIRUse of the Program EIR A Program EIR will be used to analyze the first-tier effects of the Master Plan Updates. First-tier EIRs typically cover issues in a broad generalized level of analysis. A Program EIR is typically used for an agency program or series of actions that can be characterized as one large project. Typically, such a project involves actions that are closely related geographically (Cal. Code of Regs., Title 14, § 15168(a)(1)), for agency programs (§ 15168(a)(3)), or as individual activities carried out under the same authorizing statutory or regulatory authority and having generally similar environmental effects which can be mitigated in similar ways (§ 15168(a)(4)). Program EIRs generally analyze broad environmental effects of the program with the acknowledgment that site-specific environmental review may be required for particular aspects of portions of the program when those aspects are proposed for implementation (§ 15168(a)). Once the Program EIR is prepared for the Master Plan Updates, subsequent (or second- tier) activities within the program must be evaluated to determine whether an additional CEQA document needs to be prepared. When the subsequent activities involve site- specific operations, the City would use a written checklist to document its determination Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-4 whether the environmental effects of the operation were covered in the Program EIR. If the Program EIR addresses the program’s effects as specifically and comprehensively as possible, many subsequent activities could be found to be within the Program EIR scope and additional environmental documentation would not be required (§ 15168(c)). If a subsequent activity would have effects that are not within the scope of the Program EIR, the City of Carlsbad would need to prepare a new Initial Study leading to either a Negative Declaration, Mitigated Negative Declaration, or an EIR. Subsequent CEQA documents would incorporate by reference the general discussions from this broader Program EIR, primarily concentrating on the issues specific to the action being evaluated. At the time the Initial Study is performed, the appropriate responsible agency or agencies would be identified. Such agencies would be noticed of the City’s intention to implement or approve the project at the time of public noticing of any such intent to approve or implement the project. The Initial Study is prepared to analyze whether the subsequent project may cause any significant effect on the environment that was not examined in the Program EIR and whether the subsequent project was described in the Program EIR as being within the scope of the Program EIR. If the lead agency, based on the Initial Study, determines that a proposed subsequent project would have no additional effect on the environment that was not identified in the Program EIR and that no new or additional mitigation measures or alternatives may be required, the lead agency is to make a written finding based upon the information contained in the Initial Study that the subsequent project is within the scope of the project covered by the Program EIR. Additional procedures for analyzing second-tier projects are described in Section 4.0. SSSS----4444 AREAS OF KNOWN CONTROVERSYAREAS OF KNOWN CONTROVERSYAREAS OF KNOWN CONTROVERSYAREAS OF KNOWN CONTROVERSY Commentors on the NOP expressed concerns about potential impacts to energy resources, archaeological resources, impacts to water supply resulting from a proposed seawater desalination project, biological resources including wetlands, sensitive plant and animal species, and impacts to the Agua Hedionda Lagoon. These concerns have been identified as areas of known controversy. Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-5 SSSS----5555 PROJECTPROJECTPROJECTPROJECT OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES OBJECTIVES The CMWD and CSD propose to implement the Master Plan Updates in order to: ! Make facility improvements on aging wastewater infrastructure; ! Increase capacity as necessary; ! Facilitate identified expansion needs; and ! Reduce maintenance costs. In addition, in the case of the CSD, a project objective is to reduce the potential for wastewater overflows. SSSS----6666 PROJECT LOCATIONPROJECT LOCATIONPROJECT LOCATIONPROJECT LOCATION The project site is located in the northern part of San Diego County within the City of Carlsbad as shown in Figure 2-1. All project components would be located within the Districts’ boundaries, with two exceptions, as shown in Figure 2-2 (refer to Chapter 2). A proposed water line upsize at the eastern end of Palomar Airport Road (component 26) would be located within the City of San Marcos, and the abandonment of nine water wells is proposed (component 32) near Foussat Road within the City of Oceanside. SSSS----7777 PROJECT CHARACTERISTICSPROJECT CHARACTERISTICSPROJECT CHARACTERISTICSPROJECT CHARACTERISTICS The 2003 Master Plan Updates for Water and Sewer were assembled using the following assumptions, data, and methods: ! Inventorying data of existing facilities; ! Examining water billing records for existing development; ! Employing the City’s Growth Management Database for future development projections; ! Applying unit factors for anticipated demand; ! Using models for future infrastructure needs and sizing; and ! Calculating fees derived based on estimated construction costs Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-6 The Master Plan Updates consist of multi-year studies for facility improvements within the Districts, and identify infrastructure needs to accommodate demands from future development through City buildout. The plans include a review of existing and projected flows, capacity analyses, existing conditions assessment, Capital Improvement Program (CIP), and revisions to the sewer and water connection fee programs. They would establish a connection fee program to fund buildout water and sewer infrastructure identified as part of the planning process. Therefore, three actions are included in the overall project: adoption of the two Master Plan Updates and adoption of the connection fee program. The connection fee program would result in economic effects in that it would update the fee structure used to obtain funds for capital projects. As such, the connection fee program is not subject to CEQA and will not be discussed in the EIR. However, CEQA requires that the lead agencies make findings for certification of the project, particularly because the project requires an amendment to the City's Municipal Code. Accordingly, the City would make findings for the connection fee program exemption in the final environmental documentation. SSSS----8888 AFFECTED ENVIRONMENTAFFECTED ENVIRONMENTAFFECTED ENVIRONMENTAFFECTED ENVIRONMENT The environmental setting for the proposed Master Plan Updates includes all 84 project sites within the Cities of Carlsbad, Oceanside, and San Marcos in the northern portion of San Diego County, California. The environmental setting is described in terms of its general characteristics in Chapter 3.0. The environmental setting for each issue area is discussed in more detail in Chapter 4.0 of this document. SSSS----9999 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND CUMULATIVE IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND CUMULATIVE IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND CUMULATIVE IMPACTSENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND CUMULATIVE IMPACTS The analysis of each environmental issue area in Chapter 4.0 includes a description of the existing conditions within the project study area; the criteria for determining significance; an evaluation of how the specific resources would be affected by implementation of the proposed project; program-level mitigation measures to reduce significant impacts; and residual impacts after mitigation. The study area lies within the Cities of Carlsbad, Oceanside, and San Marcos. Refer to Figure 2-1 for a vicinity map. The evaluation in Chapter 4.0 is organized generally by the category of environmental effect anticipated by a certain project component. Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-7 Approach to Impact AnalApproach to Impact AnalApproach to Impact AnalApproach to Impact Analysisysisysisysis The Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates include a total of 84 project components. The analysis contained in this Program EIR is considered to be a first-tier level of analysis for the Master Plan Updates. Impacts are summarized in Tables S-1 and S-2. The data in these tables has several uses. Primarily, Tables S-1 and S-2 are used to identify those components that would require additional CEQA review, and as described in Section 1.3, additional CEQA review could take the form of a Negative Declaration, Mitigated Negative Declaration, or EIR. Accordingly, Tables S-1 and S-2 also identify the project components that would not result in environmental effects as a result of construction or operation. These project components would not necessitate additional, second-tier (or project-level) environmental review, as their effects have been adequately assessed in this Program EIR. Tables S-1 and S-2 are designed to serve as a guide for the evaluation of each project component as it comes forward for approval or implementation. Tables S-1 and S-2 are based on known conditions and an evaluation of probable future conditions. Since future conditions may change, the first step in environmental review of future projects under this Program EIR should be to ascertain if future conditions are different from present assumptions, and to determine if environmental review has already been accomplished. For example, where pipelines are assumed in this Program EIR to be located in street rights-of-way, this first check should include affirming the assumption. Conditions evaluated at this stage for any change could include sizing, location, site disturbance, or other factors. If conditions are as assumed, City staff shall use the following procedure to establish mitigation on a project-specific basis for all issues where the potential for mitigation requirements is indicated. ! Each project shall be reviewed to determine if local environmental review has been carried out by the local land use jurisdiction as part of a project for which the local land use jurisdiction was the lead agency under CEQA. ! If local review was carried out under CEQA, the City will determine if that review for each issue was sufficient to meet the City’s requirements. If so, further environmental review by the City shall not be required. Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-8 ! If further environmental review by the City is required, the City shall review project plans to determine if there is a potential for the project to have a significant effect on the environment using the Tables S-1 and S-2 as a guide, but with the possibility of changed future conditions in mind. ! Where indicated, environmental review of subsequent projects with the potential for a significant effect or effects shall include the applicable studies, surveys, coordination, or other procedures specified in Chapter 4 of this Program EIR. Biological or cultural resource surveys or jurisdiction coordination for traffic issues, for instance, may be needed to establish project-specific conditions and mitigation measures. ! Where project-specific studies or other information indicate that significant effects would result and feasible mitigation be implemented to reduce the effect to a level below significance, a Mitigated Negative Declaration may be prepared for the project under review. ! If project-specific studies indicate that any significant effect would result that cannot be mitigated to a level below significance, a separate project-specific EIR shall be required to address any potential significant effects. Refer to Section 1.3 for more information on assessing first- and second-tier impacts of future projects. Summary of Impacts and MitigationSummary of Impacts and MitigationSummary of Impacts and MitigationSummary of Impacts and Mitigation Tables S-1 and S-2 present potential environmental impacts, and mitigation as applicable, for all Water Master Plan and Sewer Master Plan components within the scope of this Program EIR. Projects are identified in the first column by their reference number, which corresponds to the EIR text and Figure 2-2. The second column identifies the projects by their name. The remaining columns summarize the anticipated level of environmental effect categorized by CEQA issue area, and describes mitigation if necessary. It is anticipated that each project will be evaluated by City staff when appropriate to begin design, approval, and implementation. The mitigation identified in Tables S-1 and S-2 is the process to be followed by City staff in evaluating the project at that time. The tables are intended to guide City staff in subsequent environmental assessment of Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-9 each project, and an Environmental Initial Study will be performed for each project as it is brought forward for implementation. Many of the projects will be carried out as part of private development (mostly residential) projects for which the City has already conducted, is in the process of conducting, or will conduct in the future, separate environmental review. Additional information on the evaluation process is described in the introduction to Chapter 4.0. Based on the analysis in Chapter 4.0 and Section 6.4, the projects identified in the Master Plan Updates were not found to have potentially significant impacts on Aesthetics; Air Quality; Agricultural Resources; Energy Resources; Land Use and Planning; Population and Housing; Public Services; Recreation; or Utilities and Service Systems. As such, these issue areas are not shown in Tables S-1 and S-2. In addition, some issue areas are not shown in Tables S-1 and S-2 because for that issue area, all project components will require site-specific studies, or the specific project components requiring additional studies cannot be determined at this program level of analysis. For Geology and Soils, all project components will require site-specific geotechnical studies for engineering and design, which would determine the actual level of environmental impact to geology and soils. For impacts to paleontological resources, specific locations of potential impact would be those locations considered to be high- to moderately sensitive in paleontological resources. This specific information would become available at the time of grading. Only those considered to be high- to moderately sensitive in paleontological resources would require additional investigation. For Hazards and Hazardous Materials, additional project-level analysis is required to determine the significance of potential hazard effects for all project components. Since hazardous materials sites are subject to changing conditions; e.g., closure of known sites, discovery of new hazardous materials sites, site leakages, and/or remediation of existing sites, it is not appropriate to make a significance determination at this program level of analysis. Details on the known hazardous materials locations would need to be investigated at the project level of analysis for individual project components to determine the specifics on location, type, and status of hazardous materials sites that may be affected. Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-10 For most environmental issue areas, there would not be residually significant environmental impacts after mitigation measures are applied. The only exception is for cumulative impacts to biological resources, which is described in Section 5.2 of the Program EIR. Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-11 TABLE S-1 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION – WATER MASTER PLAN Reference Number Project Component Biological Resources Cultural Resources Hydrology Noise Transportation/ Traffic 1 New Watermain & PRS – from end of Marron Road east to Tamarack; PRS at Tamarack vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys Testing required1 Potential 303(d) and floodplain effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 2 New Watermain – parallel ex. 8" pipeline in Crestview Dr. west of El Camino Real No significant effect No significant effect Potential 303(d) effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 3 New Watermain – El Camino Real south from Kelly Dr. to Lisa St. No significant effect No significant effect No significant effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 4 New Watermain – Bryant Dr. from Longfellow to El Camino Real, south on El Camino Real to College and NE on College to Badger Lane No significant effect No significant effect Potential 303(d) effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 5 Watermain Replacement – upsize existing 20" to 30" along El Camino Real from Cougar Dr. to Faraday Ave including Maerkle Control Valve No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 6 Watermain & PRS – College Blvd from Carlsbad Village Drive south to Cannon Road, PRS evaluated in Calavera Hills Master Plan EIR Testing required1 Potential 303(d) and floodplain effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 7 New Watermain – College Blvd from future intersection with Cannon south to future Tee leading to Maerkle Reservoir evaluated in Calavera Hills Master Plan EIR Testing required1 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 8 New Watermain – College Blvd from Cannon Road south to Badger Lane evaluated in Calavera Hills Master Plan EIR No significant effect Potential 303(d) effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 9 New Watermain in Cannon Rd., from Merwin Dr. east to intersection with future College Blvd. evaluated in Calavera Hills Master Plan EIR Testing required1 Potential 303(d) and floodplain effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 10 New Watermain in College Ave, from Badger Lane north ~1200 ft, then east through future development evaluated in Cantarini-Holly Springs EIR Testing required1 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 11 New Watermain – connection from terminus of Project #10 to Maerkle Reservoir vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-12 TABLE S-1 (Continued) Reference Number Project Component Biological Resources Cultural Resources Hydrology Noise Transportation/ Traffic 12 New Watermain in future extension of Melrose Dr., from PAR north to future Faraday Rd. evaluated in Carlsbad Raceway/Palomar Forum Business Park MNDs Testing required1 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 13 New Watermain in north El Fuerte St. extension, to future Faraday Rd. evaluated in Carlsbad Oaks North Specific Plan EIR No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 14 New Watermain in future Faraday Rd. extension, between El Fuerte St. and Melrose Dr. evaluated in Carlsbad Oaks North Specific Plan EIR Testing required for CA-SDI-16048, CA-SDI-16049 and CA-SDI-160541. No significant effect for P-37-024171 and P-37-024176 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 15 New Watermain – El Fuerte Street from PAR south to Rancho Pancho evaluated in Bressi Ranch and Villages of La Costa EIRs Testing required1 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 16 Watermain Replacement – El Camino Real from Palomar Airport Road south to Cassia Road partially evaluated in Bressi Ranch EIR; remainder of pipeline is within roadway; impacts would be less than significant Testing required1 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 17 New Watermain – Poinsettia Lane west from Skimmer Ct. to Blackrail Rd. vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher, wetlands delineation, and spring rare plant surveysTesting required1 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 18 Watermain Replacement – Poinsettia Road, 1100 feet east of Blackrail Rd. evaluated in water tank farm project MNDs No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 19 New Watermain – Aviara Parkway at Plum Tree north to Mariposa St, then east to Sapphire Dr. vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-13 TABLE S-1 (Continued) Reference Number Project Component Biological Resources Cultural Resources Hydrology Noise Transportation/ Traffic 20 New Pump Station – Northeast corner of El Camino Real and Palomar Airport Road vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys. No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 21 New PRS – Intersection of El Fuerte and Corintia St. No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact No significant effect 22 New Watermain – Carlsbad Boulevard from Avenida Encinas south to the District boundary noise assessment and appropriate mitigation for potential noise impacts to nesting sensitive birds Testing required1 Potential 303(d) effects Noise study necessary for effects to sensitive birds Traffic Control Plan required 23 New Watermain – Cannon Road, 1,800 feet NE from Faraday Road evaluated in Kelly Ranch EIR Testing required1 Potential 303(d) and floodplain effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 24 New Watermain – Parallel ex. pipeline in Poinsettia Rd from Ambrosia Lane to Blackrail Rd. evaluated in water tank farm project MNDs No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 25 New Watermain – Poinsettia Road from El Camino Real west to Skimmer Court (Poinsettia Lane) No significant effect Testing required1 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 26 Watermain Replacement – Palomar Airport Road west of SDCWA Conn. #1 No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 27 New water reservoir – construct new 375 Zone water reservoir next to existing D-3 Reservoir evaluated in water tank farm project MNDs No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects Noise study necessary Traffic Control Plan required 28 New Water Reservoir – construct buried storage reservoir next to existing Maerkle Reservoir vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects Noise study necessary Traffic Control Plan required 29 Enlarge pump station – Maerkle Pump Station capacity improvements vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects Noise study necessary Traffic Control Plan required 30 PRS upgrade – gross pressure reducing station improvements vegetation mapping and potential sensitive species assessment No significant effect Potential 303(d) effects No significant impact No significant effect Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-14 TABLE S-1 (Continued) Reference Number Project Component Biological Resources Cultural Resources Hydrology Noise Transportation/ Traffic 31 New watermain – El Camino crossing at Kelley Dr. No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 32 Well abandonment – Foussat Road well abandonments vegetation mapping and potential sensitive species assessment No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact No significant effect 33 Reservoir improvements – Lake Calavera Reservoir improvements vegetation mapping, vernal pool assessment, least Bell's vireo, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys Testing required1 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 34 Intertie upgrade – Oceanside Intertie upgrade vegetation mapping and potential sensitive species assessment No significant effect Potential 303(d) effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 35 PRS – install PRS at Cannon Rd. & College Blvd. evaluated in Calavera Hills Master Plan EIR Testing required1 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact No significant effect 36 PS upgrades – Calavera PS, College Blvd at Carlsbad Village Dr. evaluated in Calavera Hills Master Plan EIR Testing required1 Dewatering and discharge effects Noise study necessary No significant effect Projects Required to Increase Available Fire Flow F1 Pipeline replacement – upsize 6" and 4" pipeline in Jeanne Place to end of cul-de-sac No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required F2 Pipeline replacement – upsize 6" pipeline in Nob Hill Drive to end of cul-de-sac No significant effect Testing required1 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required F3 Pipeline replacement – upsize 6" pipeline in Holly Brae Lane and Alder Ave east of Skyline Dr. No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required F4 Pipeline replacement – upsize 6" pipeline in Falcon Dr. East of Donna Dr. To cul-de-sac No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required F5 Pipeline replacement – upsize 6" pipeline in Cynthia Ln & Gregory Dr from Knowles Ave to cul-de-sac No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required F6 Pipeline replacement – upsize 6" pipeline in Tamarack Ave from Highland Dr west to Dair St., No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-15 TABLE S-1 (Continued) Reference Number Project Component Biological Resources Cultural Resources Hydrology Noise Transportation/ Traffic and in Adair St to cul-de-sac F7 Pipeline replacement – upsize 6" pipeline in Highland Dr from Yourell Ave to Ratcliff No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required F8 New connection to fire hydrants – switch supply to hydrants at the Calavera Recreation Center from the 580 Zone to the 446 Zone No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required F9 Pipeline replacement – upsize 6" pipeline from Chestnut Ave at Woodland Way to the end of Woodland Way No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required F10 Pipeline replacement – upsize 6" pipeline in Garfield from Chinquapin Ave to end of cul-de-sac No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required F11 Pipeline replacement – upsize 6" pipeline in Arland Rd from Highland to Buena Vista Way No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required F12 New watermain – install parallel pipeline in Highland Dr. from Hillside Dr south to Adams St.No significant effect Testing required1 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required F13 New watermain – install parallel pipeline in Cove Dr from Park Dr to end No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required F14 Emergency pump – high elevation areas in the vicinity of Obelisco Place/Circle No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required Note: 1 If the site is located in an area that has already been developed, monitoring during construction is recommended. Depending on monitoring results, testing and data recovery may be necessary to evaluate the cultural resource and to mitigate the impacts. Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-16 TABLE S-2 SUMMARY OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION – SEWER MASTER PLAN Reference Number Project Component Biological Resources Cultural Resources Hydrology Noise Transportation/Circulation 1 Avenida Encinas Gravity Sewer No significant effect Testing required Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 2 North Agua Hedionda Interceptor Rehabilitation – West Segment-Cove Drive to Hoover Street vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, California gnatcatcher, potential sensitive shorebird species assessment, and spring rare plant surveys Testing required1 Potential 303(d) effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 3 North Agua Hedionda Interceptor Rehabilitation – East Segment El Camino Real to Kelly vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, California gnatcatcher, least Bell's vireo, and spring rare plant surveysNo significant effect for CA-SDI-209; testing required for CA-SDI-6140 and CA-SDI-96541 Potential 303(d) effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 4 North Agua Hedionda Trunk Sewer - Reach NAHT1A vegetation mapping and California gnatcatcher surveys No significant effect1 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 5 North Batiquitos Interceptor Rehabilitation vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, California gnatcatcher, potential sensitive shorebird species assessment, and spring rare plant surveys Testing required for CA-SDI-608, CA-SDI-6823, CA-SDI-12807, and CA-SDI-128101, monitoring during construction for CA-SDI-694, CA-SDI-6826 and CA-SDI-11953 Potential floodplain effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 6 El Camino Sewer No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 7 Sewer Lift Station Repairs/ Upgrades No significant effect Testing required for CA-SDI-67511; no significant effect for P-37-15325 Dewatering and discharge effects Noise study necessary No significant effect 8 Forest Gravity Sewer and Lift Station No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 9 Home Plant Lift Station vegetation mapping and potential sensitive species assessment No significant effect Potential 303(d) effects Noise study necessary No significant effect 10 La Costa Meadows Sewer Extension vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys; partially evaluated in Villages of La Costa EIR Testing required1 Potential floodplain effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-17 TABLE S-2 (Continued) Reference Number Project Component Biological Resources Cultural Resources Hydrology Noise Transportation/Circulation 11 La Golondrina Sewer Extension partially evaluated in Villages of La Costa EIR No significant effect Potential floodplain effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 12 Poinsettia Sewage Lift Station Odor and Noise Abatement partially evaluated in Villages of La Costa EIR Testing required1 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact No significant effect 13 Sewer Line Refurbishment/ Replacement each proposed work area should be evaluated for potential sensitive habitat and species occurrence; methods for impact avoidance and reduction shall be implemented during refurbishment and replacement procedures Each proposed work area should be evaluated for potentialcultural resources Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 14 Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor Reaches VC1 and VC2 vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, California gnatcatcher, least Bell's vireo, and spring rare plant surveys Testing required for CA-SDI-9472, CA-SDI-9474, CA-SDI-5652, and CA-SDI-99671; no significant effect for CA-SDI-9473; data recovery, avoidance and/or capping for CA-SDI-628 Potential 303(d) and floodplain effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 15 Gateshead Lift Station No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact No significant effect 16 Vancouver Lift Station vegetation mapping and potential sensitive species assessment Testing required1 Potential 303(d) and floodplain effects No significant impact No significant effect 17 Simsbury Lift Station No significant effect Testing required1 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact No significant effect 18 Villas Lift Station No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact No significant effect 19 Woodstock Lift Station No significant effect Testing required1 Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact No significant effect 20 Faraday #14 (Upper) Lift Station No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact No significant effect 21 Faraday #10 (Lower) Lift Station No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact No significant effect Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-18 TABLE S-2 (Continued) Reference Number Project Component Biological Resources Cultural Resources Hydrology Noise Transportation/Circulation 22 North Batiquitos Lift Station vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact No significant effect 23 Carlsbad trunk Sewer Reaches VCT1A, VCT1B, VCT1C vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys Testing required1 Potential 303(d) and floodplain effects No significant impact Traffic Control Plan required 24 Master Plan Update No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact To be determined on an individual project basis as concluded in the Program EIR and subsequent environmental documentation 25 Sewer Monitoring Program N/A N/A N/A No significant impact N/A 26 Sewer Access Hole Rehabilitation N/A N/A N/A No significant impact No significant effect 27 Sewer Connection Fee Update N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 28 Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor Reach VC3 vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys No significant effect Potential 303(d) and floodplain effects No significant impact TCP required 29 Buena Vista Lift Station upgrade vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, California gnatcatcher, potential sensitive shorebird species assessment, and spring rare plant surveys No significant effect Potential 303(d) and floodplain effects No significant impact No significant effect 30 Buena Vista Lift Station forcemain vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, California gnatcatcher, potential sensitive shorebird species assessment, and spring rare plant surveys Testing required1 Potential 303(d) and floodplain effects No significant impact TCP required 31 Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor Sewer Reach 11B vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, California gnatcatcher, Testing required for CA-SDI-6751 and CA-SDI-2101, Potential 303(d) and floodplain No significant impact TCP required Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-19 TABLE S-2 (Continued) Reference Number Project Component Biological Resources Cultural Resources Hydrology Noise Transportation/Circulation potential sensitive shorebird species assessment, and spring rare plant surveys no significant effect for P-37-15325 effects 32 Agua Hedionda Lift Station No significant effect No significant effect Potential 303(d) effects Noise study necessary No significant effect 33 Lower Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor, Reaches VC13, VC14, and VC15 No significant effect No significant effect Dewatering and discharge effects No significant impact TCP required 34 South Agua Hedionda/Kelly Ranch Lift Station No significant effect; partially evaluated in Kelly Ranch EIR Testing required for CA-SDI-6133, CA-SDI-6135, CA-SDI-10671, CA-SDI-10672, CA-SDI-13008, and CA-SDI-96531;monitoring during construction for CA-SDI-5353 Potential 303(d) effects Noise study necessary TCP required Note: 1 If the site is located in an area that has already been developed, monitoring during construction is recommended. Depending on monitoring results, testing and data recovery may be necessary to evaluate the cultural resource and to mitigate the impacts. Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-20 SSSS----10101010 OTHER CONSIDERATIONSOTHER CONSIDERATIONSOTHER CONSIDERATIONSOTHER CONSIDERATIONS REQUIRED BY CEQAREQUIRED BY CEQAREQUIRED BY CEQAREQUIRED BY CEQA Significant Environmental ESignificant Environmental ESignificant Environmental ESignificant Environmental Effects Which Cannot be Avoided iffects Which Cannot be Avoided iffects Which Cannot be Avoided iffects Which Cannot be Avoided if f f f the the the the Proposed Project iProposed Project iProposed Project iProposed Project is Implementeds Implementeds Implementeds Implemented The Program EIR evaluated the proposed project with respect to Aesthetics; Air Quality; Biological Resources; Cultural Resources; Geology and Soils; Hazards and Hazardous Materials; Hydrology and Water Quality; Land Use and Planning; Noise; Transportation/ Traffic; and Utilities and Service Systems. As described in Chapter 4.0, potentially significant impacts would occur for the issue areas of Biological Resources; Cultural Resources; Geology and Soils; Hazards and Hazardous Materials; Hydrology and Water Quality; Noise; and Transportation/Traffic. As discussed in Chapter 4.0, mitigation measures would reduce impacts for all of these CEQA issue areas. With mitigation, the residual impact is less than significant for all issue areas. Significant Irreversible EnvSignificant Irreversible EnvSignificant Irreversible EnvSignificant Irreversible Environmental Changes Whironmental Changes Whironmental Changes Whironmental Changes Which Would bich Would bich Would bich Would be e e e Caused by the Proposed Project Should it Caused by the Proposed Project Should it Caused by the Proposed Project Should it Caused by the Proposed Project Should it bbbbe Implementede Implementede Implementede Implemented Water and sewer infrastructure components, once constructed, may be considered permanent. Occasionally facilities are abandoned/removed or upgraded once operation has resulted in the deterioration of their working condition. The systems for which water and sewer facilities are a part are integrally dependent on all their working components. Should components become deteriorated, malfunction or obsolete, replacement must occur. Because the implementation of many projects within the Master Plan Updates would be implemented far into the future and because implementation and timing may affect land use decisions, adoption of the Master Plan Updates would leave the commitment of resources open in the future. The project components would support existing and planned growth within the City and Districts’ service areas. Where impacts are significant as defined by CEQA and the City, this Program EIR includes a process to identify and mitigate such impacts. Having said this, impacts such as changes in the visual appearance of a setting or hillside due to a pump station installation would be considered an irreversible change. Implementation of pipeline facilities within sensitive biological areas also may result in irreversible change to the hydrologic and biological environments of these sensitive areas. Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-21 Construction of all project components would be carried out according to all applicable engineering standards to reduce, as much as possible, accidents related to offsite runoff during or post-construction. It should be noted that accidents from both human and naturally caused situations can compromise the integrity of best management practice mitigation measures. For example, a severe storm of unprecedented level could impact the area; precautions included in the project to prevent damage from occurring as a result of this type of severe event may be compromised. Depending on the type of disaster and the resources impacted, significant irreversible environmental commitments of resources may occur. However, there will likely be mitigation programs which can partially mitigate for large, unforeseen disasters. Following engineering standards set out in the Master Plan Updates is the best defense against an unforeseen event and therefore an unforseen commitment of resources. Construction of water and sewer facilities involves the relatively permanent consumption of building materials such as pipeline components, wood for stability structures and energy for digging and earthmoving tasks. These resources, although at some extent in the long-term may be recycled, are considered to be permanently consumed. This type of commitment of resources is neither unusual nor unexpected given the nature of the facilities and is generally understood to be the tradeoff for benefits the system provides to the community. Growth Inducing Impact of the Proposed ProjectGrowth Inducing Impact of the Proposed ProjectGrowth Inducing Impact of the Proposed ProjectGrowth Inducing Impact of the Proposed Project Induced growth is that which exceeds the planned growth and results from new developments that would not have taken place in absence of the project. Growth inducement impacts can result in accelerated economic or population growth, or the construction of new housing, that either directly or indirectly resulted from building a project. Section 15126.2(d) of the CEQA Guidelines requires that EIRs discuss whether a proposed project could: “...foster economic or population growth, or the construction of additional housing, either directly or indirectly, in the surrounding environment. Included in this are projects which would remove obstacles to population growth (a major expansion of a waste water treatment plant might, for example, allow for more construction in service areas). Increases in the population may tax existing community service facilities, requiring Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-22 construction of new facilities that could cause significant environmental effects. Also (the environmental analysis must) discuss the characteristics of some projects which may encourage and facilitate other activities that could significantly affect the environment, either individually or cumulatively. It must not be assumed that growth in any area is necessarily beneficial, detrimental, or of little significance to the environment.” The proposed project is a multi-year master plan for facility improvements within the CMWD and CSD. The Master Plan Updates include a review of existing and projected flows, design criteria, capacity analyses, existing conditions assessment, and CIP. The improvement projects detailed in the CIP range from minor projects such as manhole replacements, to major infrastructure improvements such as replacement of a sewer main and installation of a new water reservoir. The CIP includes 84 improvement projects to be built by 2020. Generally, growth-inducing projects possess such characteristics as being located in isolated, undeveloped or underdeveloped areas, necessitating the extension of major infrastructure (e.g., sewer and water facilities, roadways, etc.), or those that could encourage “premature” or unplanned growth (i.e., “leap-frog” development). While infrastructure improvements, like those planned in the Water and Sewer Master Plans’ CIPs, raises the issue of growth inducement, the proposed project is not considered to be growth inducing because the proposed project would not provide additional long- term employment opportunities, no residences are planned as part of the proposed project, and no extension of services beyond that currently planned for in respective planning documents (e.g., City of Carlsbad General Plan) is associated with the proposed project. In calculating flow projections for the project, the Master Plan Updates relied on recent regional population projections published by SANDAG. The ultimate wastewater flow projections were based on existing unit flow generation rates which were then applied to SANDAG 2020 population projections. Therefore, the CIP wastewater projects would not generate additional population or cumulatively exceed official regional or local population projections. In addition, because no unplanned growth would be served by the project, the project would not remove an obstacle to growth. The facilities in the proposed Master Plan Updates are community service facilities, serving an urban infrastructure necessary to support economic and population growth. Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-23 Their size and capacities are predicated on the projected growth that relates to the type of land use and the SANDAG population estimates and projections (SANDAG 2020 Cities/County Forecast). For that reason, the facilities in the Master Plan Updates do not induce growth guided by the City’s planning documents. Effects Not Found to bEffects Not Found to bEffects Not Found to bEffects Not Found to be Significante Significante Significante Significant The CEQA Guidelines (§ 15128) require that the environmental document include a brief discussion of various environmental issues that were determined not to be significant. This Program EIR addressed all probable or foreseeable possible effects of the proposed project. Based on the discussions presented in Chapter 4.0, effects were not found to be significant for the following issue areas: Aesthetics; Air Quality; and Land Use and Planning. Based on the public scoping process for this project (refer to Section 1.3.1), the following issue areas were not considered to be areas of controversy, and were not addressed in Chapter 4.0 of the EIR. Hence, an evaluation of Agricultural Resources, Energy Resources, Population and Housing, Public Services, Recreation, and Utilities and Service Systems, those issues not addressed in Chapter 4.0, is offered in Section 6.4 of this Program EIR. SSSS----11111111 ALTERNATIVESALTERNATIVESALTERNATIVESALTERNATIVES Three alternatives to the proposed project are described in Section 7.0 of the Program EIR and summarized below. For the Master Plan Updates that are the subject of this Program EIR, alternative locations are not possible. However, the Master Plan Updates are comprised of individual improvement projects and there are or may be possible variation in the size, phasing, location, and implementation of many of the individual projects, especially in the later phases. For these reasons, no alternative location for the project is considered, but a discussion of the variability of individual project alternatives, in the context of the existing and planned system, is included. No Project AlternativeNo Project AlternativeNo Project AlternativeNo Project Alternative Under the No Project alternative, the proposed Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates would not be adopted by the City of Carlsbad. This does not mean, however, that the facilities in the Master Plan Updates or other facilities based on development and need in the city, would not be constructed. All projects in the Master Plan Updates could be Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-24 constructed or implemented on an individual project basis whether or not the Master Plan Updates are adopted. Potential environmental impacts identified in this Program EIR would still be likely to occur. This alternative would, however, deprive the City of Carlsbad of a valuable planning tool, and one that is informative for those interested in the City’s future plans and facilities. Most of the projects in the Master Plan Updates are intended to remedy deficiencies that were identified in the modeling of the City’s water and sewer systems or to correct problems or potential problems in the operation of that system. If the Master Plan Updates were not adopted, the deficiencies and potential problems would remain and would still require remedy through, in most cases, the improvement projects that make up the integrated programs in the Master Plan Updates. Likewise, the new projects in the plans are predicated on the improvements needed to make the system adequate to serve the City’s planned future growth. Under the No Project alternative, the same improvements would likely be brought forward for approval as individual projects, but in piecemeal fashion and not as an integrated program that had been evaluated as a single environmental project. In addition, the No Project alternative would deprive the City of the opportunity to streamline environmental review of future projects through the use of the Program EIR and subsequent updates. For these reasons, the No Project alternative offers no environmental advantages in either procedures, impacts, or public information over the proposed Master Plan Updates. Planning and Land Use AlternativesPlanning and Land Use AlternativesPlanning and Land Use AlternativesPlanning and Land Use Alternatives The Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates were developed using the best available information on population growth; proposed, planned, and forecast growth and development; means of effluent disposal; requirements and recommendations for peak flows, volumes, and facility capacities; and other factors affecting future City water and sewer utilities planning. The planning period for the Master Plan Updates is long-term, extending to 2020, and almost all the factors in such long-range planning are to some degree uncertain. Most land use planning, until projects are implemented as buildout of the City proceeds, is subject to change for a variety of reasons. Thus, the Districts’ staff will continue to monitor factors likely to affect land use in the City and identify changes that could affect the forecasts and assumptions used to develop the improvement programs in the Master Plan Updates. Most of the projects in the Master Plan Updates are upgrading and modification of existing facilities. In such cases, the location of the project is usually fixed. Nonetheless, Summary July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR S-25 adjustments are possible because the Master Plan Updates are guiding documents rather than rigid templates. Flexibility in the implementation of the Master Plan Updates will occur at a specific project implementation level. Partly as a result of the mitigation program in this Program EIR, evaluation of the individual projects in the Master Plan Updates can occur at the stage of project approval or implementation. Given the speculative and to some degree uncertain nature of future conditions, this process is the only practical way to assure that feasible alternatives to each project, if desirable or necessary, are developed. As an example, if development plans approved for a given area change the street pattern in that area, the location of pipelines projected in the Master Plan Updates may change. If density or type of development in a given area changes, the storage capacity needed to serve that area, and thus the size of water reservoirs may change, and the capacity of sewer collection facilities may also change. Individual project review in the planning stage is the only time an informed decision on such matters can occur. Environmentally Superior AlternativeEnvironmentally Superior AlternativeEnvironmentally Superior AlternativeEnvironmentally Superior Alternative As analyzed in Section 7.1, the No Project alternative would not result in reduced environmental effects when compared to the proposed project. The proposed project would result in the same or less impacts when compared to the No Project alternative because of its comprehensive program to identify, avoid, and minimize impacts to environmental resources in the overall study area. As such, the proposed project is considered to be the environmentally superior alternative. CHAPTER 1.0 INTRODUCTION July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 1-1 1.11.11.11.1 PROJECT BACKGROUNDPROJECT BACKGROUNDPROJECT BACKGROUNDPROJECT BACKGROUND The Carlsbad Municipal Water District (CMWD) and Carlsbad Sewer District (CSD) propose to implement the Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates. The existing Water Master Plan and Sewer Master Plan were adopted by the City of Carlsbad in 1990 and 1992, respectively. The current project represents an update to both of these planning documents. This Draft Program Environmental Impact Report (EIR) addresses the potential environmental consequences of the updated Master Plan projects. The CMWD and CSD are responsible for the respective maintenance, operations, and management of water distribution and sewer collection systems in the City of Carlsbad (City). Each District proposes to implement an update to their Master Plan for the provision of infrastructure services throughout the City. The Water Master Plan and Sewer Master Plan represent comprehensive programs for the phased and orderly development of water and sewer utilities for future needs of the City. They consist of individual capital improvement projects to construct new facilities and modify or expand existing facilities that would be needed to implement the Master Plans. (Note: Once constructed, the facilities remain as a part of the Master Plan; they do not get removed from the Master Plan once built.) The CMWD Board of Directors is the decision-making body for the CMWD. The Carlsbad City Council is the decision-making body for the CSD. Together, CMWD and CSD will be Co-Lead Agencies in preparing this Program Environmental Impact Report (EIR) in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act of 1970 (CEQA) statutes (Cal. Pub. Res. Code, § 21000 et seq., as amended) and implementing State CEQA Guidelines (Cal. Code Regs., Title 14, § 15000 et seq., 1998). 1.1.11.1.11.1.11.1.1 Carlsbad Municipal Water DistrictCarlsbad Municipal Water DistrictCarlsbad Municipal Water DistrictCarlsbad Municipal Water District The CMWD water service area covers approximately 85 percent of the City and includes an area of approximately 32 square miles. Primary land uses in the service area include industrial, residential, and agricultural uses. All of CMWD’s water is supplied through four San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA) treated water aqueduct connections. The CMWD is totally dependent on the SDCWA supply for potable water needs. Storage is provided by 11 enclosed reservoirs, one reservoir not in use, and one dam (Maerkle Dam). 1.0 IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 1-2 CMWD’s water distribution system includes over 230 miles of distribution mains 6 inches in diameter and larger. The water mains begin at each of the four SDCWA connections and move westward. In addition, four booster pump stations exist in the CMWD system, although one is inactive. Other components within the CMWD system include pressure reducing stations, a number of water wells, a hydro generation facility at Maerkle Reservoir, and two disinfection facilities. 1.1.21.1.21.1.21.1.2 Carlsbad Sewer DistrictCarlsbad Sewer DistrictCarlsbad Sewer DistrictCarlsbad Sewer District The CSD, previously known as the Carlsbad Sanitary District, provides sewer service to the Carlsbad area. Portions of the City’s existing conveyance system date back as far as 1929. The CSD wastewater service area covers approximately 70 percent of the City limits. Sewer service to the southeast corner of the City is provided by the Leucadia Wastewater District (LWD), and the Vallecitos Water District (VWD) provides service to the Meadowlark area along the eastern City limit. The service area is comprised of five major drainage basins, which extend from approximately the eastern service area boundary, and drain west to the coast and ultimately to the Encina Water Pollution Control Facility (WPCF). These sewage drainage basins are defined by the existing and planned interceptors within the City of Carlsbad. In addition to the gravity interceptors, a number of lift stations are required to convey wastewater flows to the Encina WPCF. 1.21.21.21.2 PURPOSE AND SCOPEPURPOSE AND SCOPEPURPOSE AND SCOPEPURPOSE AND SCOPE OF REPORT OF REPORT OF REPORT OF REPORT The purpose of this Program EIR is to assess and disclose potential impacts to the physical environment associated with construction and operation of the proposed updates to the Water and Sewer Master Plans. This document provides program-level, and in some cases project-level, information for consideration by decision-makers and the general public. This Program EIR focuses on the 10 issue areas of Aesthetics; Air Quality; Biological Resources; Cultural Resources; Geology and Soils; Hazards and Hazardous Materials; Hydrology and Water Quality; Land Use and Planning; Noise; and Transportation/ Traffic. Other issue areas, including Public Services and Recreation, are not evaluated in detail in Chapter 4.0 of this Program EIR and are addressed as required by CEQA in Section 6.4 (Effects Not Found to be Significant). 1.0 IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 1-3 Chapter 2.0 describes the project in detail, including the project’s objectives and characteristics. Chapter 3.0 provides the existing environmental setting. The Environmental Analysis section of the Program EIR (Chapter 4.0) addresses each relevant issue in detail by describing existing conditions, discussing potential impacts and their significance, and proposing mitigation measures to avoid or reduce identified significant impacts. The mitigation measures will be incorporated into a Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) to be adopted by the Districts as conditions of approval for the project. Cumulative impacts are assessed in Chapter 5.0, and other considerations required by CEQA are discussed in Chapter 6.0. Alternatives to the proposed project are addressed in Chapter 7.0. Chapter 8.0 identifies the list of preparers, and Chapter 9.0 provides the references used in the preparation of this document. 1.31.31.31.3 ENVIROENVIROENVIROENVIRONMENTAL PROCEDURES UNDER THE CALIFORNIA NMENTAL PROCEDURES UNDER THE CALIFORNIA NMENTAL PROCEDURES UNDER THE CALIFORNIA NMENTAL PROCEDURES UNDER THE CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACTENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACTENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACTENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT This Program EIR has been prepared by the CMWD and CSD in accordance with the requirements of CEQA and the State CEQA Guidelines, as amended. An EIR is an informational document that is designed to inform decision-makers, other responsible or interested agencies, and the general public of the potential environmental effects of a proposed project; to examine and implement methods of eliminating or reducing any potentially adverse impacts; and to consider alternatives to the project as proposed. While CEQA requires that major consideration be given to avoiding environmental damage, the lead agency(ies) must balance adverse environmental effects against other public objectives, including economic and social goals, in determining whether and in what manner a project should be approved. To identify key issues and concerns relevant to the scope of the Program EIR, the Districts encouraged participation in the environmental review process from public agencies, special interest groups, and the general public. A major component of this process is public scoping. Scoping is a process designed to determine the breadth of issues to be addressed in the Program EIR. The aspects of the public scoping discussed in this section include the Notice of Preparation (NOP) and areas of controversy identified as a result of public scoping. 1.3.11.3.11.3.11.3.1 Notice of PreparationNotice of PreparationNotice of PreparationNotice of Preparation The State CEQA Guidelines include requirements for an early and open process to 1.0 IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 1-4 determine the scope of issues that should be addressed prior to implementation of a proposed action (State CEQA Guidelines, § 15082 and 15083). The Districts initiated the scoping process on April 28, 2003 through issuance of an NOP that included distribution to the State Clearinghouse (SCH) at the California Office of Planning and Research. The SCH monitors compliance of state agencies in providing timely responses and assigned state identification number (SCH #2003051014) to this EIR. The NOP is included in Appendix A. The NOP provided notification to all federal, state, and local agencies involved with funding or approval of the project, and to other interested organizations and members of the public, that an EIR will be prepared for this project. The NOP was intended to encourage interagency communication concerning the proposed action and provide sufficient background information about the proposed action so that agencies, organizations, and individuals could respond with specific comments and questions on the scope and content of the Program EIR. The Districts held a 30-day public review period to solicit comments on the NOP, beginning on April 28 and ending on June 1, 2003. Appendix A contains the eight comment letters received in response to the NOP. 1.3.21.3.21.3.21.3.2 UUUUse of the Program EIRse of the Program EIRse of the Program EIRse of the Program EIR A Program EIR will be used to analyze the first-tier effects of the Master Plan Updates. First-tier EIRs typically cover issues in a broad generalized level of analysis. A Program EIR is typically used for an agency program or series of actions that can be characterized as one large project. Typically, such a project involves actions that are closely related geographically (Cal. Code of Regs., Title 14, § 15168(a)(1)), for agency programs (§ 15168(a)(3)), or as individual activities carried out under the same authorizing statutory or regulatory authority and having generally similar environmental effects which can be mitigated in similar ways (§ 15168(a)(4)). Program EIRs generally analyze broad environmental effects of the program with the acknowledgment that site-specific environmental review may be required for particular aspects of portions of the program when those aspects are proposed for implementation (§ 15168(a)). Once the Program EIR is prepared for the Master Plan Updates, subsequent (or second- tier) activities within the program must be evaluated to determine whether an additional CEQA document needs to be prepared. When the subsequent activities involve site- specific operations, the City would use a written checklist to document its determination 1.0 IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 1-5 whether the environmental effects of the operation were covered in the Program EIR. If the Program EIR addresses the program’s effects as specifically and comprehensively as possible, many subsequent activities could be found to be within the Program EIR scope and additional environmental documentation would not be required (§ 15168(c)). If a subsequent activity would have effects that are not within the scope of the Program EIR, the City of Carlsbad would need to prepare a new Initial Study leading to either a Negative Declaration, Mitigated Negative Declaration, or an EIR. Subsequent CEQA documents would incorporate by reference the general discussions from this broader Program EIR, primarily concentrating on the issues specific to the action being evaluated. At the time the Initial Study is performed, the appropriate responsible agency or agencies would be identified. Such agencies would be noticed of the City’s intention to implement or approve the project at the time of public noticing of any such intent to approve or implement the project. The Initial Study is prepared to analyze whether the subsequent project may cause any significant effect on the environment that was not examined in the Program EIR and whether the subsequent project was described in the Program EIR as being within the scope of the Program EIR. If the lead agency, based on the Initial Study, determines that a proposed subsequent project would have no additional effect on the environment that was not identified in the Program EIR and that no new or additional mitigation measures or alternatives may be required, the lead agency is to make a written finding based upon the information contained in the Initial Study that the subsequent project is within the scope of the project covered by the Program EIR. Additional procedures for analyzing second-tier projects are described in Section 4.0. 1.41.41.41.4 AREAS OF KNOWN CONTROVERSYAREAS OF KNOWN CONTROVERSYAREAS OF KNOWN CONTROVERSYAREAS OF KNOWN CONTROVERSY Commentors on the NOP expressed concerns about potential impacts to energy resources, archaeological resources, biological resources including wetlands, sensitive plant and animal species, and impacts to the Agua Hedionda Lagoon. These concerns have been identified as areas of known controversy and are analyzed in Chapter 4.0 (Environmental Analysis). 1.0 IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 1-6 In addition, comments were received expressing the desire for coordination with the San Diego County Water Authority (Authority) and Poseidon Resources, who is proposing a water desalination plant in the City of Carlsbad. Commentors expressed the need to analyze the potential environmental impacts of the proposed desalination project (including its impacts on water supply). However, it is beyond the scope of this EIR to analyze the potential desalination facility for several reasons. As one of the largest proposed desalination projects on the U.S. West Coast, it is uncertain whether the project would ever be constructed due to its location adjacent to sensitive coastal resources and high cost. The project considers several alternatives for pipelines and pump facilities throughout the City of Carlsbad and in adjacent jurisdictions, although the location and sizing of these facilities has not yet been decided. To determine impacts on water supply, more precise information on the proposed routing and size of these lines would be required. Also, it is unknown at this time whether the proposed desalination project would co-mingle desalinated water with other drinking water in the same pipelines, or whether new and separate pipelines would need to be constructed by the Authority. Further, the proposed desalination facility plans are still subject to change in the near future, making it infeasible for the Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates EIR analysis to remain current with the desalination facility plans. For these reasons, the project is considered to be highly uncertain, both in its totality and in the specific facilities which would be required (e.g., pipelines, pumps, other associated facilities). Thus, it would be infeasible to adequately analyze the desalination facility in this Master Plan program-level document. The desalination project is currently being analyzed in a separate project EIR being prepared by the Authority. Project-specific information regarding the size, location, and nature of the desalination facility including potential impacts to water supply, and appropriate alternatives will be analyzed in that document. 1.51.51.51.5 CONSULTATION AND COORDINATIONCONSULTATION AND COORDINATIONCONSULTATION AND COORDINATIONCONSULTATION AND COORDINATION The CMWD and CSD are the co-lead agencies for this proposed project and have been coordinating with the following agencies and organization: ! California Regional Water Quality Control Board (San Diego, Region 9) ! City of Oceanside ! City of San Marcos ! U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service ! California Department of Fish and Game 1.0 IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 1-7 ! San Diego Archaeological Society ! Native American Heritage Commission ! California Office of Historic Preservation ! California Department of Transportation, District 11 ! SDG&E ! Encina Wastewater Authority ! San Diego County Water Authority ! Vallecitos Water District ! Agua Hedionda Lagoon Foundation ! Leucadia Wastewater District 1.0 IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 1-8 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK CHAPTER 2.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-1 This chapter provides a description of the proposed project, the environmental effects of which are evaluated in Chapter 4.0 of this EIR. The project objectives and project location are described in this chapter, followed by a description of project characteristics and a summary of project approvals that would be required. 2.12.12.12.1 PROJECT OBJECTIVESPROJECT OBJECTIVESPROJECT OBJECTIVESPROJECT OBJECTIVES The CMWD and CSD propose to implement the Master Plans in order to: ! Make facility improvements on aging wastewater water and sewer infrastructure; ! Increase capacity as necessary; ! Facilitate identified expansion needs; and ! Reduce maintenance costs. In addition, in the case of the CSD, a project objective is to reduce the potential for wastewater overflows. 2.22.22.22.2 PROJECT LOCATIONPROJECT LOCATIONPROJECT LOCATIONPROJECT LOCATION The project site is located in the northern part of San Diego County within the City of Carlsbad as shown in Figure 2-1. All project components would be located within the Districts’ boundaries, with two exceptions, as shown in Figure 2-2. A proposed water line upsize at the eastern end of Palomar Airport Road (component 26) would be located within the City of San Marcos, and the abandonment of nine water wells is proposed (component 32) near Foussat Road within the City of Oceanside. 2.32.32.32.3 PREVIOUS MASTER PLAPREVIOUS MASTER PLAPREVIOUS MASTER PLAPREVIOUS MASTER PLANSNSNSNS Master planning for water and sewer infrastructure has been conducted previously in the City. The current plans represent updates to previous master planning documents. Summaries of recent Water and Sewer Master Plans are provided below, followed by a description of the current updates. 2.3.12.3.12.3.12.3.1 Previous Water Master PlansPrevious Water Master PlansPrevious Water Master PlansPrevious Water Master Plans The original Water Master Plan was approved in 1990 and prepared by MacDonald- Stephens Engineers. A subsequent update, prepared in 1997 by ASL Consulting Engineers, revised and updated population projections, City planning criteria, and 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-2 specific project Figure 2-1 Vicinity Map FIGURE City of Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plans Vicinity Map 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-3 Figure 2-2 Project Map 11x17 e I 4 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-4 Figure 2-2 11x17 backup 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-5 development plans. The 1997 Master Plan Update identified the facilities required to serve existing and projected potable water demands within the service area and adjacent areas of influence. The 1997 document was not formally adopted by the City of Carlsbad, and as such, the recommendations made in the 1997 Update have been incorporated into the current 2003 Master Plan Update and are evaluated in this Program EIR. 2.3.22.3.22.3.22.3.2 Previous Sewer Master PlansPrevious Sewer Master PlansPrevious Sewer Master PlansPrevious Sewer Master Plans 1987 Master Plan of Sewerage1987 Master Plan of Sewerage1987 Master Plan of Sewerage1987 Master Plan of Sewerage The 1987 Master Plan of Sewerage was prepared by Wilson Engineering and was the first plan prepared in accordance with City of Carlsbad Growth Management Plan. In 1987, the majority of development in Carlsbad was along the coastal strip and was predominantly residential. The population of the 1987 study area was estimated at 39,000, and the ultimate population was projected to be 95,700. In 1987, the ultimate average flow from the City of Carlsbad was projected to be 13.41 million gallons per day (mgd). 1992 Master Plan of Sewerage1992 Master Plan of Sewerage1992 Master Plan of Sewerage1992 Master Plan of Sewerage The 1992 Master Plan of Sewerage was prepared by Wilson Engineering and was an update of the 1987 Master Plan. By 1992, the population of the study area had increased to 65,000 and the ultimate population projection had increased to 130,000. Development was starting to progress inland and the percentage of commercial/industrial development had increased since the last Master Plan. The projected population growth curve first developed in the 1987 Master Plan was revised to increase more rapidly through the year 2000, and then flatten out to an annual growth rate of approximately 1 percent from the year 2000 to buildout. In 1992, the ultimate average flow projection was increased slightly from the 1987 projection to an estimated flow of 13.84 mgd. A CEQA Negative Declaration was prepared for this document, addressing the environmental effects of the Master Plan of Sewerage. 1997 Sewer Master Plan Update1997 Sewer Master Plan Update1997 Sewer Master Plan Update1997 Sewer Master Plan Update In 1994, the City of Carlsbad adopted a new General Plan. The 1997 Sewer Master Plan Update, prepared by Carollo Engineers, incorporated the revised 1994 land use and population projections from the new General Plan. Because ultimate population projections were reduced only slightly from those used in the previous plan, an updated 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-6 capacity analysis of sewer interceptors was deemed unnecessary. The 1997 update addressed capacity analyses for various sewer trunk lines and the Encina WPCF. Similar to the 1997 Water Master Plan Update, the 1997 Sewer Master Plan Update was not formally adopted by the City of Carlsbad. The recommendations made in the 1997 Master Plan Update have been incorporated into the current 2003 Master Plan Update and are evaluated in this Program EIR. 2.42.42.42.4 PROJECT CHARACTERISTICSPROJECT CHARACTERISTICSPROJECT CHARACTERISTICSPROJECT CHARACTERISTICS The 2003 Master Plan Updates for Water and Sewer were assembled using the following assumptions, data, and methods: ! Inventorying data of existing facilities; ! Examining water billing records for existing development; ! Employing the City’s Growth Management Database for future development projections; ! Applying unit factors for anticipated demand; ! Using models for future infrastructure needs and sizing; and ! Calculating fees derived based on estimated construction costs The Master Plan Updates consist of multi-year studies for facility improvements within the Districts, and identify infrastructure needs to accommodate demands from future development through City buildout. The plans include a review of existing and projected flows, capacity analyses, existing conditions assessment, Capital Improvement Program (CIP), and revisions to the sewer and water connection fee programs. They would establish a connection fee program to fund buildout water and sewer infrastructure identified as part of the planning process. Therefore, three actions are included in the overall project: adoption of the two Master Plan Updates and adoption of the connection fee program. The connection fee program would result in economic effects in that it would update the fee structure used to obtain funds for capital projects. As such, the connection fee program is not subject to CEQA and will not be discussed in the EIR. However, CEQA requires that the lead agencies make findings for certification of the project, particularly because the project requires an amendment to the City's municipal code. Accordingly, the City would make findings for the connection fee program exemption in the final environmental documentation. 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-7 2.4.12.4.12.4.12.4.1 2003 Water Master Plan Update2003 Water Master Plan Update2003 Water Master Plan Update2003 Water Master Plan Update The 2003 Water Master Plan Update (DUDEK 2003) evaluates the existing CMWD water distribution system and its ability to meet project demands. Since the most recent Master Plan Update in 1997, a substantial number of residential, commercial, and industrial developments have been constructed and future development has been identified in the City’s 2001 Growth Management Database. The 2003 document presents an update of CMWD’s Water Master Plan for the planning period between 2001 and buildout of the District’s service area, which is anticipated to occur by 2020. Based on the condition of many existing facilities, CMWD reviewed all infrastructure within the service area to identify necessary improvements to existing facilities, capacity improvements, and expansion needs. As stated in Section 1.2.1, the CIP developed in the 1997 Update is included in the 2003 Master Plan Update effort. CIP projects (or project components) of the Water Master Plan include: ! Installation of 20 new water mains; ! Replacement or improvements to 5 existing water mains; ! Installation of two new water storage tanks, and improvements to one existing reservoir; ! Installation of four new pressure reducing stations (PRS), and conducting capacity improvements to one existing PRS; ! Installation of one new pump station and increasing the capacity of two other existing pump stations; ! One new intertie upgrade; ! Abandoning nine water wells; and ! Fire flow improvements at 14 locations. These components are shown in Figure 2-2 and briefly described below. The project components are detailed in Table 2-1, including their location, description, and project type. 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-8 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-9 TABLE 2-1 CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM LABEL ZONE DESCRIPTION/LOCATION PROJECT TYPEEXISTING DIAMETER NEW DIAMETER PIPELINE LENGTHBENEFIT/COMMENTS Water Master Plan Components 1 255 From end of Marron Road east to Tamarack; PRS at Tamarack New Watermain & PRS NA 12-in. 6,600' Supply new developments in LFMZ 25 & provide additional supply to 255 Zone 2 255 Parallel ex. 8" pipeline in Crestview Dr. west of El Camino Real New Watermain 8-in. 8-in. 600' Provides redundant supply to existing residential area 3 255 El Camino Real south from Kelly Dr. to Lisa St. New Watermain NA 10-in. 1,500' Provides looping to improve pressures and reliability 4 375 Bryant Dr. from Longfellow to El Camino Real, south on El Camino Real to College and NE on College to Badger Lane New Watermain NA 12-in. 4,000' Connects isolated portions of 375 Zone; provides supply from Maerkle Reservoir for existing & future development 5 490 Upsize existing 20" to 30" along El Camino Real from Cougar Dr. to Faraday Ave including Maerkle Control Valve Watermain Replacement 20-in. 30-in. 1,500' Larger diameter pipe reduces pressure loss during emergency supply to 550 Zone from Maerkle Dam 6 490/ 446 College Blvd from Carlsbad Village Drive south to Cannon Road, PRS Watermain & PRS NA 16-in. 6,330' Increase supply capacity to 446 Zone from Maerkle Reservoir 7 490 College Blvd from future intersection with Cannon south to future Tee leading to Maerkle Reservoir New Watermain NA 16-in. 4,000' Primary feed for Robertson Ranch; increase supply capacity from Maerkle Reservoir 8 375 College Blvd from Cannon Road south to Badger Lane New Watermain NA 12-in. 4,130' Supply for new development & create 375 Zone loop east of El Camino Real 9 375 In Cannon Rd., from Merwin Dr. east to intersection with future College Blvd. New Watermain NA 12-in. 4,400' Supply for new development & create 375 Zone loop east of El Camino Real 10 490 In College Ave, from Badger Lane north ~1200 ft, then east through future development New Watermain NA 36-in. 5,200' Increase supply capacity from Maerkle Reservoir and provide a redundant supply pipeline 11 490 Connection from terminus of Project #10 to Maerkle Reservoir New Watermain NA 36-in. 4,100' Increase supply from Maerkle Reservoir; Supply to new 490 development east of El Camino and Rancho Carlsbad Golf Course 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-10 TABLE 2-1 (Continued) LABEL ZONE DESCRIPTION/LOCATION PROJECT TYPEEXISTING DIAMETER NEW DIAMETER PIPELINE LENGTHBENEFIT/COMMENTS 12 700 In future extension of Melrose Dr., from PAR north to future Faraday Rd. New Watermain NA 16-in. 4000' Provide looped supply to fut. north 700 zone business park in LFMZ 16 13 700 In north El Fuerte St. extension, to future Faraday Rd. New Watermain NA 16-in. 2200' Provide looped supply to fut. north 700 zone business park in LFMZ 16 14 700 In future Faraday Rd. extension, between El Fuerte St. and Melrose Dr. New Watermain NA 16-in. 3600' Provides looped supply to LFMZ 16 & supply to 550 Zone from 700=>550 PRV 15 700 El Fuerte Street from PAR south to Rancho Pancho New Watermain NA 24-in. 5200' Connects 700N and 700S Zones; Supply for future development 16 550 El Camino Real from Palomar Airport Road south to Cassia Road Watermain Replacement 20-in. 24-in. 6100' Replace existing pipeline and provide increased flow capacity 17 375 Poinsettia Lane west from Skimmer Ct. to Blackrail Rd. New Watermain NA 12-in. 4500' Completes 375 Loop along Poinsettia Lane; Increase capacity to/from the D3 Reservoir 18 550 Poinsettia Road, 1100 feet east of Blackrail Rd. Watermain Replacement 18-in. 30-in. 1100' Increase supply to 550 Zone and D3 Reservoir 19 550 Aviara Parkway at Plum Tree north to Mariposa St, then east to Sapphire Dr. New Watermain NA 8-in. 3100' Provide redundant supply to residential development 20 700 Southeast corner of El Camino Real and Palomar Airport Road New Pump Station NA Capacity = 2,500 gpm Provide emergency supply to 700, 680, 510, and 580S Zones from Maerkle Reservoir PS sized to supply the ult ADD of the zones supplied. 21 680 Intersection of El Fuerte and Corintia St. New 700 => 680 PRS NA NA NA Provide redundant supply to 680, 580S and 510 Zones 22 318 Carlsbad Boulevard from Avenida Encinas south to the District boundary New Watermain NA 12-in. 4900' 2-way Emergency Conn. with SDWD 240 Zone; emergency supply to 318 Zone west of I-5 & portion of the 255 Zone 23 375 Cannon Road, 1,800 feet NE from Faraday Road New Watermain NA 16-in. 2760' Provide 375 supply from Maerkle Reservoir; Increased capacity for fut. development 24 550 Parallel ex. pipeline in Poinsettia Rd from Ambrosia Lane to Blackrail Rd. New Watermain 18-in & 30-in 12-in. 2000' Provide redundant supply to residential developments25 375 Poinsettia Road from El Camino Real west to Skimmer Court (Poinsettia Lane) New Watermain NA 12-in 1300' Parallel ex. 8-inch to increase capacity in the 375 Zone and supply from the 550 Zone 26 700 Palomar Airport Road west of SDCWA Conn. #1 Watermain Replacement 20-in. 30-in. 1500' Reduce velocity & provide increased capacity from SDCWA #1 Connection into 700 Zone. 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-11 TABLE 2-1 (Continued) LABEL ZONE DESCRIPTION/LOCATION PROJECT TYPEEXISTING DIAMETER NEW DIAMETER PIPELINE LENGTHBENEFIT/COMMENTS 27 375 Construct new 375 Zone water reservoir next to existing D-3 Reservoir New Water Reservoir NA Capacity = 8.5 MG Provides additional daily storage within the distribution system for ultimate demands 28 490 Construct buried storage reservoir next to existing Maerkle Reservoir New Water Reservoir NA Capacity = 15 MG Provides additional emergency storage to meet 10-day storage criteria based on ult. demands 29 490 Maerkle Pump Station Capacity Improvements Enlarge Pump Station NA Additional capacity = 10,000 gpm Required for emergency supply from Maerkle Dam. Increase PS capacity to existing ADD 30 375 Gross Pressure Reducing Station Improvements 490=>375 PRS Upgrade NA NA NA Increase capacity of existing Gross PRS to supply new development from 490 Zone 31 490 El Camino crossing at Kelley Dr. New watermain NA 12-in. 300 Increase supply to the 255 Zone directly from 490 Zone thru Kelley PRS 32 NA Foussat Road Well Abandonments Well Abandonment NA NA NA Abandon 9 wells per State standards; removal of pumps, structures & restoration of property 33 NA Lake Calavera Reservoir Improvements Reservoir Improvements NA NA NA Replacement of outlet tower valves & piping; Re-grade reservoir bottom 34 255 Oceanside Intertie Upgrade Intertie Upgrade NA NA NA Valve, pipeline & meter replacements for the existing inter-tie 35 392 Install 490=>392 PRS at Cannon Rd. & College Blvd. 490=>392 PRS NA NA NA Project will take place when ex. "C" Reservoir is taken out of service Projects Required to Increase Available Fire Flow F1 330 Upsize 6" and 4" pipeline in Jeanne Place to end of cul-de-sac Pipeline Replacement 6-in. 8-in. 600' Upsize to provide residential fire flow F2 446 Upsize 6" pipeline in Nob Hill Drive to end of cul-de-sac Pipeline Replacement 6-in. 8-in. 650' Upsize to provide residential fire flow F3 446 Upsize 6" pipeline in Holly Brae Lane and Alder Ave east of Skyline Dr. Pipeline Replacement 6-in. 8-in. 890' Upsize to provide residential fire flow F4 446 Upsize 6" pipeline in Falcon Dr. east of Donna Dr. to cul-de-sac Pipeline Replacement 6-in. 8-in. 870' Upsize to provide residential fire flow F5 255 Upsize 6" pipeline in Cynthia Ln & Gregory Dr, from Knowles Av to cul-de-sac Pipeline Replacement 6-in. 8-in. 710' Upsize to provide residential fire flow F6 330 Upsize 6" pipeline in Tamarack Av from Highland Drive west to Adair St., and in Adair St to cul-de-sac Pipeline Replacement 6-in. 8-in. 1250' Upsize to provide residential and multi-family fire flow 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-12 TABLE 2-1 (Continued) LABEL ZONE DESCRIPTION/LOCATION PROJECT TYPEEXISTING DIAMETER NEW DIAMETER PIPELINE LENGTHBENEFIT/COMMENTS F7 330 Upsize 6" pipeline in Highland Dr. from Yourell Ave to Ratcliff Pipeline Replacement 6-in. 8-in. 700' Upsize to provide residential fire flow F8 580 Switch supply to hydrants at the Calavera Recreation Center from the 580 Zone to the 446 Zone New Connection to Fire HydrantsNA NA NA The 580 Zone has no storage. Modify system to provide commercial/industrial fire flow to recreation center from the 446 Zone and TAP Reservoir F9 330 Upsize 6" pipeline from Chestnut Ave at Woodland Way to the end of Woodland Way Pipeline Replacement 6-in. 8-in. 560' Upsize to provide multi-family fire flow F10 255 Upsize 6" pipeline in Garfield from Chinquapin Ave to end of cul-de-sac Pipeline Replacement 6-in. 8-in. 846' Upsize to provide commercial/industrial fire flow F11 255 Upsize 6" pipeline in Arland Road from Highland to Buena Vista Way Pipeline Replacement 6-in. 12-in. 780' Upsize to provide commercial/industrial fire flow F12 330 Install parallel pipeline in Highland Dr. from Hillside Dr. south to Adams St. New Watermain 6-in. 8-in. 2400' Upsize to provide residential fire flow & redundant supply F13 255 Install parallel pipeline in Cove Dr. from Park Dr. to end New Watermain 6-in. 10-in. 1300' Upsize to provide multi-family fire flow & provide redundant supply F14 680 High elevation areas in the vicinity of Obelisco Place/Circle Emergency pump NA NA NA Install emergency pump to boost pressures & provide the required fire flow @ 20psi 2.0 PrPrPrProject Descripoject Descripoject Descripoject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-13 Water Pipelines and MainsWater Pipelines and MainsWater Pipelines and MainsWater Pipelines and Mains A large number of the CIP pipeline and water main projects proposed under the Water Master Plan Update would be financed via development fees from private developers as part of development projects throughout the City that are separate from the Water Master Plan Update project. As such, many of the water pipelines and water mains have been previously documented in separate CEQA documents such as EIRs, Mitigated Negative Declarations (MNDs), or Negative Declarations (NDs) as part of those development projects (refer to Figure 2-3). A number of mixed use and residential development projects proposed by other parties have included water line upgrades and capacity analyses as part of those projects, in order to analyze whether adequate water supply would be available to their proposed developments. As such, a number of water lines have been discussed and analyzed in separate CEQA documents, which are available for review at the City of Carlsbad Planning Department. As indicated on Figure 2-3, the dashed lines indicate water lines that have been previously addressed in a separate CEQA document, or are currently being reviewed in a separate CEQA document. These include facilities that will be provided or have already been installed by private developers as part of various developments. The solid lines indicate pipelines that are proposed as part of the 2003 Master Plan Update. Table 2-2 provides additional detail regarding prior or current environmental review of pipelines shown on the map. Water StorageWater StorageWater StorageWater Storage Two new water storage tanks are proposed to accommodate water supply needs. The first tank, component 27, is proposed at the existing water tank farm along Black Rail Road near its intersection with Poinsettia Lane. This tank would be approximately 175 feet in diameter, 56 feet high, and would be the fourth tank at that facility. The proposed tank would be the same size as the three existing tanks, approximately 8.5 million gallons. The second proposed water tank, component 28, would be a 15-million-gallon facility at Maerkle dam to supplement existing dam storage. It is proposed to be buried and would be approximately 350 feet wide and 110 feet high. 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-14 Figure 2-3 11x17 color , 24 ij 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-15 Figure 2-3 11x17 color backup 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-16 TABLE 2-2 RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTATION FOR WATER LINES INCLUDED IN CMWD’S WATER MASTER PLAN MAP COLOR PROJECT NAME AND DATA BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTATION Lime Green Calavera Hills Master Plan EIR 98-02 CT 00-02 Three project components: amendment of Calavera Hills Master Plan; extensions to College Boulevard and Cannon Road; and two detention basins in the Calavera Creek watershed. The Master Plan includes residential and open space uses. Sewer conveyance impacts were less than significant with mitigation incorporated. As mitigation, the project was required to participate in the fee program for financing the South Agua Hedionda Interceptor. No water distribution system impacts are identified. All proposed sewer and water conveyance facilities to be built in road right-of-ways. Completed-- Certified 1/15/02, CC Reso 2002-016 Manilla Robertson Ranch LFMP Zone 14 CT 02-16 MP 02-03 Information will be available in 2003. Pending - no Draft EIR as of 12/02 Pink Cantarini-Holly Springs EIRs LFMP Zone 15 CT 00-18 CT 00-21 1. Cantarini Ranch is a 155-acre site subdivision to allow 105 residential units, 80 apartment units, and 69 acres of open space. Infrastructure improvements include water and sewer facilities that were analyzed in the Calavera Hills Master Plan EIR (EIR 98-02). The project is reliant on construction of the South Agua Interceptor Sewer and pump station. The project is conditioned to meet the standards set forth in the Zone 15 LFMP for water and sewer; impacts are less than significant. 2. The Holly Springs project involves a 99-acre site proposed for 43 single-family lots and an 80-unit apartment project. Infrastructure improvements include water and sewer facilities that were analyzed in the Calavera Hills Master Plan EIR (EIR 98-02). The project is reliant on construction of the South Agua Interceptor Sewer and pump station. The project is conditioned to meet the standards set forth in the Zone 15 LFMP for water and sewer; impacts are less than significant. EIRs are pending 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-17 TABLE 2-2 (Continued) MAP COLOR PROJECT NAME AND DATA BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTATION Violet Kelly Ranch LFMP Zone 8 EIR 98-05 General Plan amendment and zone change for 432 acres, including a residential subdivision and associated infrastructure including roads, water, and sewer facilities. No significant effects to water and sewer facilities are identified. Future sewer service to be provided in future Cannon Road being built by the City. Water service available via existing 10-inch water main onsite. Infrastructure is assured through the mandated implementation of LFMP Zone 8. Completed– Certified 5/11/99 CC Reso 1999-162 Tan Carlsbad Oaks North Specific Plan LFMP Zone 16 EIR 98-08 The Specific Plan proposes an industrial park, Faraday Avenue Road Extension, El Fuerte Street Extension, and construction of Reaches SAHT1 A through D of the South Agua Hedionda Interceptor Sewer to serve the project as well as industrial properties to the east. The environmental review for the original design of the project identified significant impacts resulting from implementation of water and sewer facilities due to the need for the sewer interceptor to cross Agua Hedionda Creek and undisturbed habitats. However, the City Council ultimately approved an alternative design for the project which resulted in no significant impact to habitats. Completed– Certified 10/8/02 CC Reso 2002-298 Sage Green Carlsbad Raceway Business Park MND CT 99-10 Subdivision of 146.3-acre parcel into 25 industrial lots and 3 open space lots. The project would comply with LFMP Zone 18 to ensure the timely provision of public facilities including water and sewer infrastructure; impacts are less than significant. Completed– Approved 12/04/01 CC Reso 2001-351 Sage Green Palomar Forum Business Park MND CT 99-06 13-lot industrial subdivision of 70.6-acre parcel, involving a General Plan amendment and zone change. Proposed use includes a wildlife habitat corridor. No impacts were found to be significant and unmitigable. Completed– Approved 12/04/01 CC Reso 2001-352 Peach Bressi Ranch LFMP Zone 17 EIR 98-04 CT 00-06 The Master Plan proposes 623 residential units, 2,160,500 square feet of industrial space, 130,000 square feet of commercial, and 138,000 square feet of community facilities. Offsite placement of a sewer line south of the project might also be required, to be located within the future right-of-way of Alicante Road. One California gnatcatcher pair would be significantly affected by the construction of Alicante Road. The road area is part of the HCP/OSMP that was previously approved through the Section 10 (a) FESA process. No additional mitigation is required. The specific acreage of impacts to biological resources resulting from the installation of the water and sewer lines is not provided. Impacts were found to be significant for biological resources, and were mitigated to less than significant levels. Water and sewer infrastructure is assured through the mandated implementation of LFMP Zone 17. No significant effects to water and sewer would result. Completed– Certified 7/9/02 CC Reso 2002-205 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-18 TABLE 2-2 (Continued) MAP COLOR PROJECT NAME AND DATA BRIEF PROJECT DESCRIPTION STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DOCUMENTATION Aqua Green Villages of La Costa LFMP Zones 10 and 11 EIR 98-07 CT 99-03 Development of portions of three villages including 2,390 residential units, business park, school, park, two community facilities, road improvements, and infrastructure. The infrastructure includes water and sewer lines to be implemented in four phases, and a water pressure regulating station at the corner at El Camino Real and Poinsettia Lane. The projected demand for water would have a significant water supply and storage effect. Mitigation includes payment of major facilities fees, provision of a 30-inch water line in Poinsettia Lane and 12-inch line in Corintia Street, implementation of conservation measures, and provision of adequate fire flow facilities. With mitigation, impacts are reduced to less than significant. Existing sewer facilities would be able to accommodate the project; impacts would not be significant. (Note: the size of that water line was later reduced to 16 inches. Thus, the Master Plan identifies it as a 16-inch line.) Completed – Certified 10/16/01 CC Ordinance Nos. NS604 and NS605 Light Brown De Jong Property MND for CT 98-05 29-unit residential subdivision including 2 open space lots. The project is consistent with LFMP Zone 20 standards and requirements for water and sewer infrastructure provision; all impacts were less than significant with mitigation. Completed -- Approved 5/11/99 CC Reso 99-161 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-19 Improvements to the existing reservoir at Lake Calavera (component 33) are also included in the Master Plan. However, due to a more immediate need to prevent potential flooding and related issues, the City wanted to avoid delay and is currently preparing a separate EIR for this project. Pressure Reducing StationsPressure Reducing StationsPressure Reducing StationsPressure Reducing Stations A PRS provides a method of serving water between different pressure zones, from a higher pressure zone to a lower. Four new stations are proposed under the 2003 Master Plan Update. The size of the pressure reducing stations has not yet been determined, but each would be approximately 8 by 12 feet and could possibly be located underground. The facilities would include sump pumps and pressure reducing valves. Two of the stations (components 6 and 35) would be located within the Calavera Hills Master Plan area, near future Cannon Road east of El Camino Real. The third PRS (component 21) is planned for the southeast part of the City along El Fuerte Street, and the fourth (component 1) is located near future Marron Road in the northern section of the City. Also, one existing PRS (component 30) is proposed to be upsized with increased capacity to supply new development in the 375 zone. This PRS is located east of El Camino Real just south of the Cantarini-Holly Springs residential development projects. Pump StationsPump StationsPump StationsPump Stations One new pump station (PS) is proposed as component 20. It would be located at the southeast corner of the El Camino Real/Palomar Airport Road intersection. The pump station would include three pumps and would roughly be 15 by 20 feet in size. Two PS projects (components 29 and 37) would involve conducting capacity improvements to existing stations. Component 29 is required for emergency supply from Maerkle Dam, and component 37 would also include installation of an emergency generator and other onsite improvements. 2.4.22.4.22.4.22.4.2 2003 Sewer Master Plan Update2003 Sewer Master Plan Update2003 Sewer Master Plan Update2003 Sewer Master Plan Update The 2003 Sewer Master Plan Update (DUDEK 2003) represents an update of the CSD’s Sewer Master Plan for the planning period between 2001 and buildout of the District’s service area (anticipated by 2020). In summary, the 2003 Update includes tasks to 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-20 document existing facilities, project ultimate average wastewater flows, estimate existing and ultimate peak flows, and develop a computer model to perform an existing and ultimate system capacity analysis. The outcome of these analyses is a recommended long-term CIP for improvement of existing wastewater collection and treatment facilities. The 2003 Update also recommends a sewer connection fee to finance the recommended facilities. In the 2003 Master Plan Update, ultimate sewer flow projections are based on the City’s recently compiled Growth Management Database, which projects the number of additional single and multi-family units and the number and size of non-residential buildings at buildout. The 2003 Sewer Master Plan Update is to include capacity improvements to the existing sewer collection system’s wastewater interceptors. The components of the 2003 plan would involve rehabilitation or replacement activities for existing sewer pipelines and forcemains, improvements to existing lift stations, and removing several lift stations. Refer to Figure 2-2 for the location of these proposed facilities. The previously prepared Master Plan (Carollo 1997) addressed improvements and capacity analyses of trunk sewers, and capacity summary of the Encina WPCF. No CEQA documentation was prepared for the 1997 report; as such, the Program EIR will address the effects of implementing the projects recommended in the 1997 study, as well as impacts resulting from implementation of the 2003 Master Plan Update. Table 2-3 shows the proposed projects to be implemented as part of the 2003 project. Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor Capacity ImproveVista/Carlsbad Interceptor Capacity ImproveVista/Carlsbad Interceptor Capacity ImproveVista/Carlsbad Interceptor Capacity Improvementsmentsmentsments As shown in Figure 2-2, projects proposed in the 2003 Sewer Master Plan Update’s recommended improvements include those related to the Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor. The 2003 Update recommends replacement of existing interceptor lines with new 42- inch lines and replacing a parallel forcemain. These activities would all be conducted within existing alignments in roadways; no new lines are proposed. The existing Buena Vista Lift Station forcemain (component 30) consists of parallel 24- and 16-inch diameter pipelines for most of its length. It is recommended that a new 24- inch diameter forcemain replace the 16-inch main and parallel the existing 24-inch main for its entire length. In addition to increasing the station capacity, the new parallel forcemain would reduce peak velocities and increase reliability. 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-21 TABLE 2-3 PROJECTS IDENTIFIED IN THE 2003 SEWER MASTER PLAN UPDATE PROJECT COMPONENT NUMBER PROJECT NAME PROJECT LOCATION PROJECT DESCRIPTION/NEED 1 Avenida Encinas Gravity Sewer Along north side of Lanakai Mobile Home Park in western Carlsbad, between Carlsbad Boulevard and Avenida Encinas Construct approximately 1,000 feet or 8-inch gravity sewer. The existing forcemain releases unacceptable levels of hydrogen sulfide gas resulting in numerous odor complaints and deterioration of the gravity sewer system. 2 North Agua Hedionda Interceptor Rehabilitation – West Segment-Cove Drive to Hoover Street North bank of Agua Hedionda Lagoon and Creek ! Design and construct access road to facilitate gravity sewer maintenance from El Camino Real to Park Drive (approximately 5,700 feet); enhancement include public trail improvements. ! Design and construct erosion protection for access road and existing gravity sewer where needed. ! Evaluate sewer realignment to relocate access holes away from creek to prevent inundation, reduce inflow, and improve access for maintenance. ! Assess all access holes, replace and rehabilitate as necessary. ! Conduct environmental survey and prepare documents necessary to obtain permits. ! Design and construct mitigation site. Implementation of the project will reduce the potential for accidental sewage spills to the lagoon and creek, avoid inflow to the sewer, and allow for maintenance vehicles to access the sewer. 3 North Agua Hedionda Interceptor Rehabilitation – East Segment El Camino Real to Kelly North bank of Agua Hedionda Lagoon and Creek Rehabilitate/replace 21 manholes 4 North Agua Hedionda Trunk Sewer -- Reach NAHT1A Along the north side of Tamarack Avenue from El Camino Real to Calavera Hills Treatment Plant Remove existing forcemain and construct 5,000 feet of 8-inch gravity sewer pipeline. When the Calavera Hills Treatment Plant was originally constructed, there was no provision for extending a gravity sewer line downstream of the plant. When the decision was made not to activate the plant, the sewer mains discharging into the plant site were connected to forcemain pipe and sewage flows by gravity towards El Camino Real. The existing forcemain is not sloped properly to handle gravity flow and lacks the necessary access holes for proper maintenance. Removal of the existing forcemain and construction of a new gravity line will complete this portion of the sewer master plan. 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-22 TABLE 2-3 (Continued) PROJECT COMPONENT NUMBER PROJECT NAME PROJECT LOCATION PROJECT DESCRIPTION/NEED 5 North Batiquitos Interceptor Rehabilitation North side of Batiquitos Lagoon from El Camino Real west to North Batiquitos Lift Station During high rainfall periods, the Batiquitos Lagoon level rises above the existing access road and access hole covers. The project will design a new access road to the sewer and raise access hole covers to a higher elevation where required. To avoid accidental sewage spill, reduce inflow to the sewer, and allow for maintenance vehicles to access the sewer. 6 El Camino Sewer In El Camino Real from Tamarack Avenue to Chestnut Avenue Construct 4,200 feet of 8-inch gravity sewer. 7 Sewer Lift Station Repairs/ Upgrades Terramar, Villas, and Gateshead Lift Stations Various improvements. 8 Forest Gravity Sewer and Lift Station Along Forest Avenue at Highland Drive Remove sewage lift station and construct gravity sewer. Existing lift station does not meet current electrical and ventilation safety requirements, and wet well and mechanical equipment need replacement. Sewer pipeline eliminates need for upgrade of facility. 9 Home Plant Lift Station Home Plant Lift Station near Carlsbad Boulevard and northern city limits Replace pumps, upgrade wet well ventilation system and reconstruct influent sewer manhole. Field review shows that sand accumulating in the wet well is due to undersized pumps. Installing larger pumps and completing other upgrades will reduce the maintenance costs at the pump station. 10 La Costa Meadows Sewer Extension In La Costa community from the end of Chorlito Street to El Fuerte Street Removal of the La Costa Meadows Lift Station, which is an LWD-owned facility, and extension of an eight-inch gravity sewer approximately 600 feet to the new gravity sewer constructed in El Fuerte Street by the Rancho Carrillo developer. The La Costa Meadows Lift Station was constructed to temporarily divert sewage flows into existing Leucadia County Water District (LCWD) facilities. The diversion was required due to a lack of City sewer facilities located downstream of the La Costa Meadows project within the Rancho Carrillo Valley. The diversion agreement between the City and LCWD required the removal of the lift station and connection to City sewer facilities when the downstream properties were developed and new sewer facilities extended up El Fuerte Street. The needed downstream sewer collection facilities were recently constructed as part of the Rancho Carrillo project. 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-23 TABLE 2-3 (Continued) PROJECT COMPONENT NUMBER PROJECT NAME PROJECT LOCATION PROJECT DESCRIPTION/NEED 11 La Golondrina Sewer Extension In the La Costa community from the end of La Golondrina Street south of Poinsettia Lane Removal of the La Golondrina Lift Station and extension of an eight-inch gravity sewer approximately 1,000 feet to the new gravity sewer constructed in Poinsettia Lane by the Rancho Carrillo project developer. The lift station was constructed to temporarily divert sewage flows into existing Leucadia County Water District (LCWD) facilities. The diversion was required due to a lack of City sewer facilities located downstream of the Ponderosa Homes project within the Rancho Carrillo Valley. The diversion agreement between the City and LCWD required the abandonment of the lift station and connection to City sewer facilities when the downstream properties were developed and new sewer facilities extended up Poinsettia Lane. 12 Poinsettia Sewage Lift Station Odor and Noise Abatement 2425 Poinsettia Lane Installation of an activated carbon absorption odor control system, including ducting, to treat foul air from the lift station wet well to reduce corrosion and control odor emissions, and sound enclosures for outdoor fans. The existing lift station emits odors that can reach future developments in close proximity to the lift station. In addition, uncovered supply and exhaust fans generate noise that reach or exceed 60 dBA at the fenceline. Control of the odors and reduction of noise will promote “good neighbor” policy and a higher level of service to adjacent residents. 13 Sewer Line Refurbishment/ Replacement Various Replace or refurbish various sewer lines older then 30 years. 14 Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor Reaches VC1 and VC2 East of Buena Vista Lagoon and south of SR-78 Rehabilitation of 9,430 feet of 36-inch pipeline and 25 manholes. 15 Gateshead Lift Station Located on Gateshead Road just north of the Robertson Ranch development south of Tamarack Ave Remove Gateshead Sewer Lift Station. 200 feet of 8-inch lines to be installed adjacent to lift station to connect to residential development projects. 16 Vancouver Lift Station At the terminus of Vancouver Street north of Carlsbad Village Drive Remove Vancouver Lift Station and construct 300 feet of 8-inch gravity sewer. 17 Simsbury Lift Station On Simsbury Court in the northeast section of the City, within the Calavera Hills development project Remove Simsbury Lift Station and construct 500 feet of 8-inch gravity sewer. 18 Villas Lift Station North of Carlsbad Village Drive within the Calavera Hills development project Remove Villas Lift Station. 2,000 feet of 8-inch lines to be installed adjacent to lift station to connect to residential development projects. 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-24 TABLE 2-3 (Continued) PROJECT COMPONENT NUMBER PROJECT NAME PROJECT LOCATION PROJECT DESCRIPTION/NEED 19 Woodstock Lift Station On Woodstock Street, south of Tamarack Avenue adjacent to the Calavera Hills development project Remove Woodstock Lift Station. 400 feet of 8-inch lines to be installed adjacent to lift station to connect to residential development projects. 20 Faraday #14 (Upper) Lift Station Along Faraday Ave just west of College Blvd Remove Faraday #14 Lift Station and connect to existing gravity sewer. 21 Faraday #10 (Lower) Lift Station Along Faraday Ave south of Kelly Ranch Remove Faraday #10 Lift Station and connect to existing gravity sewer. 22 North Batiquitos Lift Station East of I-5 and north of the Batiquitos Lagoon Various improvements including installation of gas detectors and float switch modifications. 23 Carlsbad trunk Sewer Reaches VCT1A, VCT1B, VCT1C Vancouver and Simsbury lift stations Convey flows using 2,000 feet of 8-inch pipeline from Vancouver and Simbsury LiftStations to Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor. 24 Master Plan Update -- Prepare report. 25 Sewer Monitoring Program Various Monitor sewer flows. 26 Sewer Access Hole Rehabilitation Various Rehabilitate/replace manholes older than 30 years. 27 Sewer Connection Fee Update -- Prepare report. 28 Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor Reach VC3 south of SR-78 and east of Buena Vista Lagoon Replacement of existing interceptor lines with 3,350 feet of new 42-inch lines. 29 Buena Vista Lift Station upgrade Along the southeast shore of Buena Vista Lagoon near Marron Road Upgrade lift station from 14,000 to 18,000 gallons per minute. Pumping units were last replaced at the Buena Vista Lift Station in 1994. As part of this upgrade, pumps would be changed, but no physical changes to the lift station’s existing footprint would result. 30 Buena Vista Lift Station forcemain Along the southern shore of Buena Vista Lagoon east of I-5 24-inch diameter forcemain to replace the existing 16-inch main and parallel the existing 24-inch main for its entire length. 31 Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor Sewer Reach 11B Cross over (in a bridge structure) Agua Hedionda Lagoon in existing NCTD right-of-way. Replace existing Reach 11B and bridge with 915 feet of 54-inch pipeline and new concrete bridge. 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-25 TABLE 2-3 (Continued) PROJECT COMPONENT NUMBER PROJECT NAME PROJECT LOCATION PROJECT DESCRIPTION/NEED 32 Agua Hedionda Lift Station South of the Agua Hedionda Lagoon adjacent to the Cabrillo Power Plant Upgrade and slightly relocate lift station within existing property. Project includes five new pumping units for a firm pumping capacity of 36 mgd, and a new headworks, wet well, control building, 2.5 MG emergency storage basin, and 200 feet of 36-inch diameter forcemain. 33 Lower Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor, Reaches VC13, VC14, and VC15 Parallel to railroad tracks from the Agua Hedionda Lagoon south to Encina WPCF Interceptor Replacement: 9,890 feet of 54-inch pipeline. 34 South Agua Hedionda/Kelly Ranch Lift Station Along Cannon Road within Kelly Ranch Temporary lift station to be replaced with permanent South Agua Hedionda Lift Station and new 5,380 feet of 14-inch forcemain. 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-26 Lift StationsLift StationsLift StationsLift Stations The 2003 Update recommends improvements to 8 existing sewer lift stations and the removal of 10 lift stations, as shown in Table2-3 and Figure 2-2. At this program level of analysis, it is assumed that several lift stations would be physically removed rather than abandoned. As subsequent project-level plans become more defined, the CSD may determine to abandon some of the lift stations. Removal is generally a more impactive process on the environment than is abandonment, and as such, this Program EIR will analyze the worse-case scenario for purposes of environmental analysis. As part of the removal process, additional sewer lines are necessary to be installed in the immediate area surrounding the Gateshead, Villas, Woodstock, and La Golondrina lift stations to connect the sewer system to residential development projects. Other Lift Station Improvements Identified in the 1997 Master PlanOther Lift Station Improvements Identified in the 1997 Master PlanOther Lift Station Improvements Identified in the 1997 Master PlanOther Lift Station Improvements Identified in the 1997 Master Plan A detailed survey of the sewer lift stations with respect to the condition, code compliance, standby power, and capacity was performed as part of the 1997 report. A summary of the recommended improvements that have not yet been constructed is provided in Table2-3 and shown on the map on Figure 2-2. All of the recommended improvements would be installed within the footprints of the existing lift stations. Encina Water Pollution Control Facility ProjectsEncina Water Pollution Control Facility ProjectsEncina Water Pollution Control Facility ProjectsEncina Water Pollution Control Facility Projects The 2003 Update includes a sewer connection fee update. The connection fee update includes 11 projects that would be implemented separately by the Encina Wastewater Authority (EWA) as lead agency. As one of six EWA member agencies, the City of Carlsbad is responsible to contribute their cost share of the proposed sewer projects, which would be funded through the connection fee program. The EWA projects are provided in this document to disclose the complete project description of the 2003 Update; however, EWA as lead agency is responsible for conducting separate environmental review for these projects. Refer to Table 2-4 for a list of the 11 EWA projects. All 11 projects are located on Encina WPCF property at 6200 Avenida Encinas. 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-27 TABLE 2-4 PROJECTS PROPOSED AT THE ENCINA WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITY ENCINA WATER POLLUTION CONTROL FACILITY PROJECT NUMBER PROJECT NAME PROJECT DESCRIPTION/NEED 1 Building Improvements To construct or improve existing building facilities including additional office, employee locker facilities, and expanded laboratory facilities. 2 Various Capital Improvements To upgrade the existing sewer treatment plant 3 Capital/Planning Services Ongoing capital planning for future projects at the Plant are necessary to assure that Growth Management Standards for sewer treatment capacity will continue to be met. 4 Cogeneration Project Upgrade and program electrical generators which power the blowers within the sewer treatment facility. Project is proposed to conform with mandated air quality regulations and to ensure the lowest power price rates from SDGE. 5 Flow Equalization Project Construction of a reservoir/tank to retain flows which exceed the capacity of the ocean outfall line. Retained flows would be released during periods of low flow. The retention facility may double as a recycled water reservoir. 6 Phase IV Expansion Debt Service Expansion of the Encina WPCF to increase treatment capacity from 22.5 mgd to 36 mgd of raw sewage. Required to meet Growth Management Standards. 7 Phase V Expansion Expand the Encina WPCF to buildout for the treatment of 45 to 60 mgd of wastewater. The project would provide for ultimate wastewater capacity of the Carlsbad Sewer District. 8 Phase V Expansion -Interim Capacity Construction of necessary interim improvements to provide additional capacity to meet current needs. The interim improvements would include primary enhancement facilities and fourth aeration basin facilities. Required to assure that Growth Management Standards for sewer treatment capacity will continue to be met. 9 Plant Rehabilitation Annual machinery rehabilitation to ensure efficient operating of the Encina WPCF. 10 Pump Station Services The project consists of a review of the possible methods to develop active monitoring of the various sewer pump stations which pump sewage from outside agencies. Development of an active interface to the pump station would provide more accurate and reliable measurement of the City’s treatment capacity. Required to assure that Growth Management Standards for sewer treatment capacity will continue to be met. 11 Technology Master Plan Development of a master plan to evaluate new treatment technologies for possible incorporation into the Encina WPCF. Required to assure that Growth Management Standards for sewer treatment capacity will continue to be met. 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-28 2.4.32.4.32.4.32.4.3 Standard Design Features and ConstructStandard Design Features and ConstructStandard Design Features and ConstructStandard Design Features and Construction Measuresion Measuresion Measuresion Measures For all project components, design would be undertaken in conformance with applicable codes and regulations, including the Uniform Building Code (UBC) and Standards and Specifications for Public Works Construction (2000), commonly referred to as “The Greenbook,” a public works standards manual. The lead agencies have incorporated numerous project design features and construction measures into the project design that are included in an effort to reduce the potential for environmental effect, as shown in Table 2-5. These measures represent the minimum measures that would be undertaken. TABLE 2-5 SUMMARY OF STANDARD PROJECT DESIGN FEATURES AND CONSTRUCTION MEASURES STANDARD DESIGN FEATURES AND CONSTRUCTION MEASURES Aesthetics • Demolition debris shall be removed in a timely manner for off-site disposal. • Tree and vegetation removal shall be limited to those depicted on construction drawings. • Construction lighting shall be shielded or directed away from adjacent residences. • All roadway features (signs, pavement delineation, roadway surfaces, etc) and structures within State and private rights-of-way will be protected, maintained in a temporary condition, or restored. • Aboveground components such as pump stations should be designed with exterior fencing, paint, and vegetative screening to reduce aesthetic impacts in visually sensitive areas. Air Quality • Water or dust control agents shall be applied to active grading areas, unpaved surfaces, and dirt stockpiles as necessary to prevent or suppress particulate matter from becoming airborne. All soil to be stockpiled over 30 days shall be protected with a secure tarp or tackifiers to prevent windblown dust. $ Covering/tarping will occur on all vehicles hauling dirt or spoils on public roadways unless additional moisture is added to prevent material blow-off during transport. • Grading and other soil handling operations shall be suspended when wind gusts exceed 25 miles per hour. The construction supervisor shall have a hand-held anemometer for evaluating wind speed. • Dirt and debris spilled onto paved surfaces at the project site and on the adjacent roadway shall be swept or vacuumed and disposed of at the end of each workday to reduce resuspension of particulate matter caused by vehicle movement. During periods of soil export or import, when there are more than six trips per hour, dirt removal from paved surfaces shall be done at least twice daily. • Disturbed areas shall be revegetated as soon as work in the area is complete. • Electrical power shall be supplied from commercial power supply wherever feasible, to avoid or minimize the use of engine-driven generators. • Air filters on construction equipment engines shall be maintained in clean condition according to manufacturers’ specifications. $ The construction contractor shall comply with the approved traffic control plan to reduce non-project traffic congestion impacts. Methods to reduce construction interference with existing traffic and the prevention of truck queuing around local sensitive receptors shall be incorporated into this plan. • Staging areas for construction equipment shall be located as far as practicable from residences. • Trucks and equipment shall not idle for more than 15 minutes when not in service. 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-29 TABLE 2-5 (Continued) STANDARD DESIGN FEATURES AND CONSTRUCTION MEASURES Biological Resources • Native vegetation disturbance shall be limited to the construction zones as indicated by flagging or fencing. Prior to the commencement of construction, the limits of grading shall be clearly delineated by a survey crew prior to brushing, clearing, or grading. The limits shall be checked by a biological monitor before initiation of construction grading. The contractor(s) shall be responsible to mitigate impacts to sensitive biological resources beyond those identified in this report or any subsequent reports that occur as a direct result of construction activities. • Activities shall be prohibited within drainages (other than those that may occur within an approved construction zone), including staging areas, refueling areas, equipment access, and disposal or temporary placement of excess fill. • Construction in or adjacent to sensitive areas shall be appropriately scheduled to avoid sensitive and/or breeding seasons and to minimize potential impacts to biological resources. • Erosion and siltation into off-site areas during construction shall be minimized. The contractor shall prepare an erosion control plan in accordance with applicable local code requirements. The construction supervisor shall be responsible for ensuring that the erosion control plan is developed and implemented. • Appropriate post-construction fencing and signage shall be installed to prohibit access and avoid potential impacts to sensitive resources adjacent to project sites. • To the extent feasible, all construction activities adjacent to coastal sage scrub habitat shall occur between August 15 and March 1. • If construction activities must extend beyond March 1, and the activities are adjacent to or within 500 feet of a gnatcatcher nest, then noise reduction measures (e.g., temporary noise and line-of-sight barriers) shall be incorporated to ensure that noise levels do not exceed 60 dBA Leq. • If construction occurs during the raptor breeding season, a qualified biologist should conduct a pre- construction survey of the project site and surrounding habitat to determine whether there are active raptor nests within that area. If an active nest is observed, a buffer will be established between the construction activities and the nest so that nesting activities are not interrupted. The buffer will be at least 500 feet wide and will be in effect as long as construction is occurring and until the nest is no longer active. • Temporary fencing will be used in all locations of the project where proposed grading or clearing would be within 100 feet of proposed biological open space. Fencing will be placed on the impact side and will result in no vegetation loss within adjacent open space. All temporary fencing will be removed only after the conclusion of all grading, clearing, and construction. • Lighting shall be diverted away from any native habitat and shall consist of low-sodium or similar lighting equipped with shields to focus light downward onto the appropriate subject. • Unless authorized as part of construction, existing roads or disturbed areas shall be used to access the project sites. • Topsoil from the project sites shall be stockpiled within the construction sites where feasible. If topsoil from off-site construction must be stockpiled, it shall be stockpiled in disturbed areas. Stockpile areas shall be delineated on the grading plans and reviewed by a qualified biologist. • On-site staging areas shall be used where feasible. Staging areas shall be delineated on the grading plans and reviewed by a qualified biologist. If staging areas outside the construction footprint are used, then they shall be surveyed for biological resources prior to their use. • The use of native plants to the greatest extent feasible in the landscape areas adjacent to mitigation or open space areas (including wetland and riparian areas) will be considered during project-level review of applicable project components of the Wastewater Master Plan Update. The lead agencies will not plant, seed, otherwise introduce invasive exotic plant species to the landscaped areas adjacent to and/or near the mitigation/open space area or wetland and riparian areas. Exotic plant species not be used include those species listed on Lists A and B of the California Exotic Pest Plant Council’s “Exotic Pest Plants of Greatest Ecological Concern in California as of October 1999.” This list includes such species as pepper trees, pampas grass, fountain grass, ice plant, myoporum, black locust, and capeweed. All segments of the Master Plan Update will be constructed in accordance with Uniform Building Code 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-30 TABLE 2-5 (Continued) STANDARD DESIGN FEATURES AND CONSTRUCTION MEASURES Standards and accepted standards for public works construction. These standards pertain to protection against seismic activity, settlement, liquefaction, and other integrity issues. Hazards and Hazardous Materials • Fire safety information shall be disseminated to construction crews during regular safety meetings. Fire management techniques shall be applied during project construction as deemed necessary by the lead agency and depending on-site vegetation and vegetation of surrounding areas. • A brush management plan will be incorporated during project construction by the City or its contractors, as necessary. Construction within areas of dense foliage during dry conditions will be avoided, when feasible. In cases where avoidance is not feasible, necessary brush fire prevention and management practices will be incorporated. Specifics of the brush management program will be determined as site plans for the project are finalized. • A site-specific record search for the locations and type of hazardous materials will be conducted during final design of the individual project components. • The use, storage, transportation, and disposal of chemicals and use of petroleum fuel during construction and operation of the project will be regulated by the County Department of Hazardous Waste Management, and will be conducted according to all applicable state, federal and local regulations. • In order to ensure that the project does not cause a significant hazard to the public or the environment through release of or transport of hazardous materials during construction and operation, the City or its contractors, and the Districts, will implement the following project design features: – Pipelines of the project components would be constructed with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, or other material, which is highly resistant to rupture. – Pump stations included as part of the project, and stations that will service the proposed project shall be designed or constructed with safety features, including an emergency generator in case of electrical failure, and sufficient sewage detainment capacity in the event of generator and/or pump mechanism failure to allow time for repair and/or emergency conveyance of the sewage. Should emergency leaks or spills occur, the Sewer Prevention and Response Plan for both Districts will be implemented. • Prior to construction, the City shall prepare a traffic control plan in accordance with the cities of Carlsbad, Oceanside, and San Marcos traffic control guidelines that will specifically address construction traffic during construction of project components within the public right-of-ways of the affected jurisdiction(s). The traffic control plan will include signage and flagmen when necessary to allow the heavy equipment to utilize residential streets. The traffic control plan will also include provisions for coordinating with local school hours and emergency service providers regarding construction times. Hydrology and Water Quality • The construction contractor, in consultation with the lead agency, shall be responsible for filing all required notices with the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB), preparing the Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP), and implementing required Best Management Practices (BMPs). The construction manager shall be responsible for monitoring and maintenance of BMPs until the construction area has been permanently stabilized to ensure that they are working properly. • BMPs shall include both sediment control measures to prevent rainfall from contacting exposed soil surfaces, and erosion control measures (e.g., gravel bags) to prevent eroded material from leaving construction areas, especially from flat graded areas, in accordance with the required erosion control plan. • A construction spill contingency plan shall be prepared in accordance with County Department of Environmental Health regulations and retained on site by the construction manager. If soil is contaminated by a spill, the soil shall be properly removed and transported to a legal disposal site. • If groundwater is encountered and dewatering is required, then the groundwater shall be disposed of by pumping to the sanitary sewer system or discharging to the storm drain system according to the conditions of the appropriate discharge permit. • The lead agencies will consider using pervious or semi-pervious surfaces where possible to reduce the increase in the velocity of peak flows. • For all potential impacts to natural drainages (i.e., pre-development hydrology), BMPs on-site shall be used 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-31 TABLE 2-5 (Continued) STANDARD DESIGN FEATURES AND CONSTRUCTION MEASURES to fully mitigate for project-related contaminants in the surface flows prior to their discharge to streams. Noise • Heavy equipment shall be repaired at sites as far as practical from nearby residences. • Construction equipment, including vehicles, generators and compressors, shall be maintained in proper operating condition and shall be equipped with manufacturers’ standard noise control devices or better (e.g., mufflers, acoustical lagging, and/or engine enclosures). • Construction work, including on-site equipment maintenance and repair, shall be limited to the hours specified in the noise ordinance of the affected jurisdiction. • Electrical power shall be supplied from commercial power supply, wherever feasible, in order to avoid or minimize the use of engine-driven generators. • Staging areas for construction equipment shall be located as far as practicable from residences. • Operating equipment shall be designed to comply with all applicable local, state, and federal noise regulations. • If lighted traffic control devices are to be located within 500 feet of residences, the devices shall be powered by batteries, solar power, or similar sources, and not by an internal combustion engine. • The Districts or their construction contractors shall provide advance notice, between two and four weeks prior to construction, by mail to all residents or property owners within 300 feet of the alignment. The announcement shall state specifically where and when construction will occur in the area. If construction delays of more that 7 days occur, an additional notice shall be made, either in person or by mail. The Districts shall also publish a notice of impending construction in local newspapers, stating when and where construction will occur. • The Districts shall identify and provide a public liaison person before and during construction to respond to concerns of neighboring residents about noise and other construction disturbance. The Districts shall also establish a program for receiving questions or complaints during construction and develop procedures for responding to callers. Procedures for reaching the public liaison officer via telephone or in person shall be included in notices distributed to the public in accordance with the information above. Transportatio n/Traffic • Prior to construction, the City shall prepare a traffic control plan in accordance with the City of Carlsbad traffic control guidelines that will specifically address construction traffic during construction of project components within the public right-of-ways of the affected jurisdiction. The traffic control plan will include signage and flagmen when necessary to allow the heavy equipment to utilize residential streets. The traffic control plan will also include provisions for coordinating with local school hours and emergency service providers regarding construction times (additional specifics are found in Section 4.10.4 of the EIR). Construction would be performed by qualified contractors selected as part of competitive bidding and award procedures practiced by the City. Contract documents, plans, and specifications would incorporate stipulations regarding standard City requirements and acceptable construction practices including, but not limited to, fill materials, safety measures, vehicle operation and maintenance, excavation stability, erosion control, drainage alteration, groundwater disposal, traffic circulation, public safety, dust control, and noise generation. 2.4.42.4.42.4.42.4.4 Construction ScheduleConstruction ScheduleConstruction ScheduleConstruction Schedule 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-32 Construction of the proposed plans is varied, depending on the timing for individual projects. A phased CIP has been developed to plan for future water and sewer system improvements. In general, construction would proceed in three individual phases, with the final phase being completed in the projected buildout year of 2020. In the first phase, improvements to the existing water and sewer distribution system will be implemented, including water pipeline projects recommended to improve fire flows and meet redundancy criteria and lift station improvements. Replacement of older water mains and additional capacity improvements are also included. The second phase involves emergency water supply projects, and improvements required to supply the entire distribution system from Maerkle Dam. Included is a new pump station to supply the eastern parts of the City and capacity improvements at the existing Maerkle Pump Station. Also included are transmission main improvements that will be installed with the construction of Cannon Road and College Boulevard, and a transmission main (Water Master Plan component 15). Phase III would consist of improvements recommended for the final CIP phase including construction of additional water and sewer pipelines, pressure reducing stations, and operational and emergency storage facilities. Capacity improvements are recommended that would be constructed with commercial/industrial development in various areas throughout the City. These three CIP phases should provide the Districts with a long range planning tool to keep up with growth and provide for expansion of the water distribution system in an orderly manner. It is noted that phasing for recommended improvement projects may be accelerated or deferred as required to account for changes in development schedules, availability of land or rights-of-way for construction, funding limitations, and other considerations that cannot be predicted at this time. 2.52.52.52.5 APPROVALS REQUIRED AND INTENDED USES OF THE EIRAPPROVALS REQUIRED AND INTENDED USES OF THE EIRAPPROVALS REQUIRED AND INTENDED USES OF THE EIRAPPROVALS REQUIRED AND INTENDED USES OF THE EIR The decision to implement the Master Plans is within the purview of the City of Carlsbad City Council, which acts as the decision-making body for both lead agencies. As described in Section 1.2, the Carlsbad City Council will use the information included in this Program EIR to consider potential impacts to the physical environment associated with the project when making the decision to implement the proposed project. 2.0 Project DescripProject DescripProject DescripProject Descriptiontiontiontion July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 2-33 The RWQCB will use the EIR and supporting documentation in its decision regarding issuance of water quality permits, such as a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) General Construction Activity Storm Water Permit, Clean Water Act 401 Water Quality Certification, and/or a General Dewatering Permit. If federally listed species are affected by the project, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) will use the EIR and supporting documentation in its decision regarding issuance of relevant permits, such as take permits under Section 10 of the Endangered Species Act. Should wetlands or waters of the U.S. be affected, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACOE) will review the EIR and supporting documentation in its decision regarding issuance of relevant permits, such as a 404 or nationwide permit. The California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) will use the EIR and supporting documentation in its decision regarding issuance of a Section 1601 or 1603 Streambed Alteration Agreement under the State Endangered Species Act. The Cities of Carlsbad, Oceanside, and San Marcos, will use the EIR and supporting documentation in their respective decisions regarding issuance of encroachment permits for construction within each jurisdiction’s right-of-way. The Cities of Carlsbad and Oceanside, and the California Coastal Commission, will use the EIR and supporting documentation in their respective decisions regarding issuance of Coastal Development Permits (CDPs) for any portion of the project lying within their coastal zone jurisdictions. For construction within existing San Diego Gas & Electric (SDGE) easements, SDGE would use the EIR and supporting documentation in its decision regarding issuance of encroachment permits. CHAPTER 3.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 3-1 The environmental setting for the proposed Water and Sewer Master Plan Update project includes all 84 project sites, predominantly within the City of Carlsbad in the northern portion of San Diego County, California. Two components are located in other neighboring jurisdictions (within the Cities of Oceanside and San Marcos). The environmental setting is described in this chapter in terms of its general characteristics. The environmental setting for each issue area is discussed in more detail in Chapter 4.0 of this document. The City of Carlsbad is a coastal jurisdiction bordered generally on the north by the cities of Oceanside and Vista, on the east by Vista and San Marcos, and on the south by Encinitas. Approximately 68 percent of the City is undeveloped, with the remainder being developed with a variety of land uses. Of the developed areas, 55 percent is residential uses, 17 percent is commercial and/or industrial uses, and another 17 percent is comprised of open space uses. The remaining 10 percent of the developed areas consists of public uses and utility right-of-ways. The majority of existing commercial development within the City is located along El Camino Real, immediately south of Highway 78, and south of Cannon Road along I-5. In addition, existing commercial uses predominate the City’s downtown along with numerous hotels and service stations along Interstate 5 (I-5). Industrial land uses are primarily concentrated within the City’s centralized industrial corridor which surrounds Palomar Airport and extends in a broad band generally to the eastern and western City limits. Major roadways in the study area include Interstate 5 (I-5) which runs north to south along the coastal corridor, and State Route 78 (SR-78) and Mission Avenue (SR-76), which provide inter-regional access, moving vehicles through or around the study area. The City of Carlsbad’s transportation system is generally meandering, due to the presence of natural topographic constraints (e.g., steep hills, lagoons). Portions of the I- 5 freeway and SR-78 bring regional traffic into and through the City. Several of the City’s existing major arterials also carry through traffic as well as local traffic. The City of Carlsbad contains three primary arterial roadways including El Camino Real which runs north and south through the center of the City, Palomar Airport Road which runs east/west through the center of the City, and Rancho Santa Fe Road which runs along the southern and easterly boundary of the City. The topography of the study area is very diverse, consisting of inland hills as well as coastal bluffs adjacent to the Pacific Ocean, inland terrain of valley, hill, and ridge formations ranging in elevation from sea level to 600 feet above mean sea level. 3.0 Environmental SettingEnvironmental SettingEnvironmental SettingEnvironmental Setting July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 3-2 Hydrologically, the study area is located within the San Diego Hydrologic Region, which drains west into the Pacific Ocean. The San Diego Hydrologic Region encompasses approximately 3,900 square miles and is further subdivided into 11 major watersheds. The project components occur in the Carlsbad Watershed. The Carlsbad Watershed occupies approximately 210 square miles, extending from Lake Wohlford on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west and from Vista on the north to Cardiff-by-the-Sea on the south. This watershed includes the cities of Oceanside, Carlsbad, Encinitas, Vista, and Escondido. The watershed is drained by Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, San Marcos and Escondido creeks and contains four coastal lagoons, including Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, Batiquitos and San Elijo lagoons. The areas of the City nearest the coast are in the California Coastal Zone. In most areas, El Camino Real forms the eastern boundary of the Coastal Zone within the City. The City has an adopted Local Coastal Program covering the bulk of the City within the Coastal Zone. Under the California Natural Community Conservation Program (NCCP), the City of Carlsbad and six other cities in northern San Diego County are participating in the preparation of the Multiple Habitat Conservation Program (MHCP). The MHCP is a comprehensive planning program designed to develop an extensive ecological preserve in northwestern San Diego County. The City of Carlsbad, a participant in the MHCP, is preparing a subarea plan, called the Carlsbad Habitat Management Plan (December 1999). The HMP contains the specific conservation, management, facility siting, land use, and other action the City will take to implement the goals, guidelines, and standards or the MHCP plan. The Draft HMP was approved by the California Coastal Commission in June 2003. With the other participating jurisdictions, Carlsbad will submit its plan to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG) to support applications for permits and authorization to incidentally “take” listed threatened or endangered species or other species of concern. “Take authorizations” issued by the wildlife agencies through the MHCP will allow for otherwise lawful action, such as land and infrastructure development, that may incidentally take or harm individuals of a species or habitat of such species in exchange for conserving the species inside the preserve system. The City has a rich cultural history, including prehistoric occupation by Native Americans, the Spanish missionary period, and the settlement of the present city by 3.0 Environmental SettingEnvironmental SettingEnvironmental SettingEnvironmental Setting July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 3-3 Americans in the nineteenth century. The coastal areas and lagoons are fertile sites for historical archaeology, and numerous historical structure form the City’s growth to its present status remain, largely west of I-5. 3.0 Environmental SettingEnvironmental SettingEnvironmental SettingEnvironmental Setting July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 3-4 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK CHAPTER 4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4-1 This section describes the existing conditions of the project study area and the environmental impacts that would occur with implementation of the proposed project. The analysis of each environmental issue area includes a description of the existing conditions within the project study area; the criteria for determining significance; an evaluation of how the specific resources would be affected by implementation of the proposed project; program-level mitigation measures to reduce significant impacts; and residual impacts after mitigation. CEQA requires a lead agency to determine the impacts of a proposed project based on the project’s expected effects when compared to certain thresholds of significance. This EIR relies on the CEQA thresholds as shown in Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. The study area analyzed in this document focuses on the relatively broad geography encompassed by the Master Plan Updates, as shown in Figure 2-2. The study area includes the locations where potential environmental impacts are anticipated and includes the footprints of each project component. Changes in the environment, as a result of the project, would be reflected within the study area. For certain environmental issue areas, including Biological Resources (Section 4.3) and Cultural Resources (Section 4.4), the area of potential effect encompasses areas extending beyond the project footprint to include ground-disturbing activities required for construction or operation of the project. For Transportation/Traffic (Section 4.10), the study area includes the adjacent streets that would be potentially affected by the proposed project. The study area lies predominantly within the City of Carlsbad, with two of the project components occurring in adjacent jurisdictions (one each within the Cities of Oceanside and San Marcos). Refer to Figure 2-1 for a vicinity map. The evaluation in Chapter 4.0 is organized generally by the category of environmental effect anticipated by a certain project component, with the least impactive components described first. Approach to Impact AnalysisApproach to Impact AnalysisApproach to Impact AnalysisApproach to Impact Analysis The Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates include a total of 84 project components. As described in Section 1.3, the analysis contained in this Program EIR is considered to be a first-tier level of analysis for the Master Plan Updates. Impacts are summarized in Tables S-1 and S-2. The data in these tables has several uses. 4.0 EnvironmentaEnvironmentaEnvironmentaEnvironmental Analysisl Analysisl Analysisl Analysis July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4-2 Primarily, Tables S-1 and S-2 are used to identify those components that would require additional CEQA review, and as described in Section 1.3, additional CEQA review could take the form of a Negative Declaration, Mitigated Negative Declaration, or EIR. Accordingly, Tables S-1 and S-2 also identify the project components that would not result in environmental effects as a result of construction or operation. These project components would not necessitate additional, second-tier (or project-level) environmental review, as their effects have been adequately assessed in this Program EIR. Tables S-1 and S-2 are designed to serve as a guide for the evaluation of each project component as it comes forward for approval or implementation. Tables S-1 and S-2 are based on known conditions and an evaluation of probable future conditions. Since future conditions may change, the first step in environmental review of future projects under this Program EIR should be to ascertain if future conditions are different from present assumptions, and to determine if environmental review has already been accomplished. For example, where pipelines are assumed in this Program EIR to be located in street rights-of-way, this first check should include affirming the assumption. Conditions evaluated at this stage for any change could include sizing, location, site disturbance, or other factors. If conditions are as assumed, City staff shall use the following procedure to establish mitigation on a project-specific basis for all issues where the potential for mitigation requirements is indicated. ! Each project shall be reviewed to determine if local environmental review has been carried out by the local land use jurisdiction as part of a project for which the local land use jurisdiction was the lead agency under CEQA. ! If local review was carried out under CEQA, the City will determine if that review for each issue was sufficient to meet the City’s requirements. If so, further environmental review by the City shall not be required. ! If further environmental review by the City is required, the City shall review project plans to determine if there is a potential for the project to have a significant effect on the environment using the Tables S-1 and S-2 as a guide, but with the possibility of changed future conditions in mind. ! Where indicated, environmental review of subsequent projects with the potential for a significant effect or effects shall include the applicable studies, surveys, coordination, or other procedures specified in Chapter 4 of this Program EIR. 4.0 EnvironmentaEnvironmentaEnvironmentaEnvironmental Analysisl Analysisl Analysisl Analysis July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4-3 Biological or cultural resource surveys or jurisdiction coordination for traffic issues, for instance, may be needed to establish project-specific conditions and mitigation measures. ! Where project-specific studies or other information indicate that significant effects would result and feasible mitigation be implemented to reduce the effect to a level below significance, a Mitigated Negative Declaration may be prepared for the project under review. ! If project-specific studies indicate that any significant effect would result that cannot be mitigated to a level below significance, a separate project-specific EIR shall be required to address any potential significant effects. Refer to Section 1.3 for more information on assessing first- and second-tier impacts of future projects. 4.0 Environmental SettingEnvironmental SettingEnvironmental SettingEnvironmental Setting July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4-4 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 4.1 AestheticsAestheticsAestheticsAesthetics July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.1-1 4.14.14.14.1 AESTHETICSAESTHETICSAESTHETICSAESTHETICS This section focuses on the components of the project which may produce visual impacts or affect visual character upon implementation. A brief description of visual resources is given followed by the visual impact analysis. 4.1.14.1.14.1.14.1.1 Existing ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting Conditions The City of Carlsbad is aesthetically characterized by a mixture of natural and urban landforms. The natural environment is made up of diverse landforms, rock outcrops, plants and animal resources, natural colors and hues and panoramic public views of the horizon, foothills, lagoons, and the Pacific Ocean. The natural scenic landscape includes rugged coastal bluffs, several expansive low lying coastal lagoons, and numerous valleys and small canyons surrounded by rolling foothills. The urban environment includes historic buildings, landscaping, signage/monuments, and works of art. There is no dominant architectural theme throughout the City; however, there is a concentration of older Victorian style structures in the northwestern portion of the City and many Spanish and Western Ranch style buildings in the southeastern portion. The industrial portion of the City is characterized by large industrial parks nestled into the hills with a variety of glass/concrete office, manufacturing, and warehouse buildings. The topography is also diverse. Along the coast, there are low sandy beaches and high coastal bluffs. From the coast to I-5, the land is relatively level, sloping upward to the east. East of I-5, the land becomes generally more hilly, with steeper slopes. The broad floodplains of the three lagoons within City boundaries (Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, and Batiquitos) spread between hills on either side. Throughout the City are water and sewer utilities facilities. Cylindrical steel or concrete water reservoirs are scattered through the City, and in the neighborhoods where they are located, many are familiar parts of the urban scene to residents. The largest aboveground facilities include the Encina WPCF near the coast along I-5, Maerkle Dam in the eastern portion of the City, and Lake Calavera Reservoir to the northeast. City of Carlsbad Scenic Corridor GuidelinesCity of Carlsbad Scenic Corridor GuidelinesCity of Carlsbad Scenic Corridor GuidelinesCity of Carlsbad Scenic Corridor Guidelines In 1988, the City prepared Scenic Corridor Guidelines to identify roadways and transportation routes within the City to be designated as scenic corridors, and to suggest 4.1 AestheticsAestheticsAestheticsAesthetics July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.1-2 methods to preserve and enhance the character of those corridors (City of Carlsbad 1994). According to the City’s Circulation Element (1994), Carlsbad has adopted four categories of scenic corridors. Transportation routes with potential corridor status are identified below; however, currently, El Camino Real is the only designated roadway within the City for which a set of development standards have been adopted. Community Theme Corridors. These connect Carlsbad with adjacent municipalities and present the City of Carlsbad to persons entering and passing thought the community. Community Theme Corridors include El Camino Real, Carlsbad Boulevard, Palomar Airport Road, La Costa Avenue, and Melrose Drive. Community Scenic Corridors. These roadways interconnect major subareas of the present and planned Carlsbad community. They include College Boulevard, Cannon Road, Carlsbad Village Drive, Faraday Avenue, I-5, La Costa Avenue, Olivenhain Road/Rancho Santa Fe Road, and Poinsettia Lane/Carrillo Way. Natural Open Space and Recreation Corridors. These offer spectacular views of waterscapes, landforms, wildlife, and the Pacific Ocean, and include Adams Street/Park Drive, Batiquitos Drive, and Jefferson Street (the portion adjacent to the Buena Vista Lagoon). Railroad Corridor. This corridor presents the City to people passing through by rail, on the Atchison, Topeka, & Santa Fe (AT&SF) Railroad. 4.1.24.1.24.1.24.1.2 SignificanceSignificanceSignificanceSignificance Criteria Criteria Criteria Criteria As stated in Section 4.0, the criteria for determining significance are based on Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. A significant aesthetic or visual resources impact would occur if the proposed project is determined to: ! Have a substantial adverse effect on a scenic vista; • Substantially damage scenic resources, including, but not limited to trees, rock outcroppings, and historic buildings within a State scenic highway; ! Substantially degrade the existing visual character or quality of the site and its surroundings; or 4.1 AestheticsAestheticsAestheticsAesthetics July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.1-3 ! Create a new source of substantial light or glare which would adversely affect day or nighttime views in the area. 4.1.34.1.34.1.34.1.3 Impact Analysis Impact Analysis Impact Analysis Impact Analysis Implementation of the majority of water and sewer components would require temporary disturbance of the project sites to access pipelines and components. Most projects are below-ground installations and would have no visual effect when completed in existing road rights-of-way. In addition, most of the project components are maintenance or improvement projects for existing facilities and property. The large majority of projects proposed under the Master Plans would not result in permanent visual effects. Implementation of the project components would predominantly take place in public roadways, where visual disruption is likely to be noticeable. The potential construction- related visual impacts could result from grading, pavement removal, trenching, stockpiling of excavated soils, construction materials/equipment storage, and backfilling of trenches. Visual disturbance from construction is short term in nature, and the City has included commitments in the project design to restore road surfaces, in both public and private rights-of-way, to their pre-existing visual condition or better (refer to Table 2-5). The water and sewer master plans include components that might be located outside existing road rights-of-way, or in landscaped areas or where there is native vegetation. In these cases, visual effects could be potentially significant unless vegetation that is removed is replaced, or in the case of natural areas, revegetated to blend with adjacent natural areas. The visual character of the project area and its surroundings would not be adversely affected once construction is completed and the disturbed surfaces are restored to pre-existing visual conditions. Also, some facilities will be designed as parts of private development projects in the development plans subject to City review. In those cases, environmental review of the facilities may be conducted as part of the overall CEQA review of project plans by the City. The modifications proposed to various PRS and PS facilities in the Water Master Plan would involve short-term rehabilitation and upgrade activities. Similar to construction activities on the underground pipeline segments, visual impacts would be short-term and would not result in long-term significant effects to visual resources. 4.1 AestheticsAestheticsAestheticsAesthetics July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.1-4 New PRS facilities are not anticipated to result in significant visual effects, largely due to the small size of these facilities (approximately 10 by 12 feet), and proposed location within existing urban environments. In addition, it is possible that these facilities could be placed underground, which would be determined at the project level of review, thereby totally reducing any long-term visual effect. The new 15 million gallon storage tank to be sited adjacent to the existing Maerkle Reservoir (component 28) is proposed to be buried. Adjacent residential areas in the Ocean Hills community within the City of Oceanside and community south of Shadowridge Drive in the City of Vista would be exposed to the visual impacts of construction, but once construction is complete, no long-term visual impact would result since this component would be underground. Also in that area would be component 29, which is the proposed capacity improvements to the existing Maerkle Reservoir PS. Because the PS is existing, the incorporation of additional facilities at that site to implement the capacity increase is not expected to result in a new land use in the area, and would be visually consistent with the utilitarian appearance of the reservoir and PS. Impacts would be less than significant. Similarly, the new PS proposed at the southeast intersection of El Camino Real and Palomar Airport Road (component 20) would not result in significant visual effects. This project would include three pumps and would be roughly 15 by 20 feet in size. Because PS facilities typically resemble ordinary buildings, even very large pump stations, once constructed, usually are unremarkable features in the landscape for most viewers. Along public roads, many motorists and area residents may pass them several times daily and remain unaware of their presence. Given the lack of adjacent sensitive receptors and suburban nature of this large, busy intersection, it is not anticipated that construction of the PS at this location would result in a significant visual effect. Nonetheless, the PS appearance can be enhanced by exterior treatment and landscaping, as identified as a project design feature in Table 2-5. Component 33 involves improvements to the existing reservoir at Lake Calavera. The project would replace outlet tower valves and piping, and re-grade the bottom of the reservoir. The re-grading of the reservoir bottom would result in short-term visual effects during construction only, and the replacement of existing features is not expected to result in a significant visual effect. Impacts would be less than significant. The removal of the 10 lift stations as part of the Sewer Master Plan Update would involve short-term demolition activity, but once complete, the effect of removing these 4.1 AestheticsAestheticsAestheticsAesthetics July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.1-5 aboveground infrastructure facilities would be a visual benefit. Improvement projects at 8 sewer lift stations would consist of short-term construction activities that, once complete, would not result in significant visual impacts. Slightly relocating the existing Agua Hedionda Lift Station (component 32) would not result in significant visual impacts since the project would be located within the existing property boundary and would be similar in nature to the existing facility. There are no State scenic highways in the project study area (Caltrans 2003); therefore, no impacts would occur. Although the City has its own Scenic Corridor Guidelines, it is anticipated that due to the nature of the project, motorists would not be able to view project construction for any substantial length of time. Any project-related lighting would be short-term and would not remain after the construction period. New light sources associated with the project would be regulated by local ordinance and are not expected to result in an intrusion to the surrounding area. Surface coatings and materials applied to all new structures are not anticipated to result in substantial glare impacts. Although some of the aboveground projects would be located near scenic vistas in the City, these facilities would be designed to protect those vistas (as described in Table 2-1) such as the use of vegetative screens, fencing, and paint. In some locations where sensitive vistas would be affected, the City has taken additional measures in the past to reduce aesthetic effects. These included incorporating additional design considerations and structural improvements, such as designing lift stations to look like a home rather than an industrial facility. The City would continue to investigate alternative visual buffering and design features to reduce significant impacts on a case-by-case basis. Consequently, the large majority of project components would not result in significant long-term visual impacts. One aboveground project, proposed in the Water Master Plan, has the potential to result in a higher level of visual effects. The visual effect of aboveground structures is dependent on the visibility of the project site; the degree of landform alteration required to implement the project; the size, bulk, color, and prominence of the structure; the number and proximity of viewers; and the landscaping, screening, or enclosures used to mask visually undesirable features. Installation of the new water storage tank (component 27) would result in the introduction of a new aboveground feature into the visual landscape. Typically, reservoirs must be of imposing bulk to hold the volume of water required. Reservoirs 4.1 AestheticsAestheticsAestheticsAesthetics July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.1-6 are most often cylindrical steel structures, and are situated higher in elevation than most of the surrounding landscape and development, which increases their visibility. While reservoirs can be highly visible features, viewer reactions to them are often mixed. Reservoirs are familiar features of the landscape in almost all urban, suburban, semi- rural, and rural parts of San Diego County and many residents of Carlsbad are familiar with these structures near their homes. As such, their presence in the landscape is familiar. For some viewers, however, they are perceived as intrusive, utilitarian elements at odds with the rest of the visual landscape. Component 27 would be visible from adjacent sensitive receptors, particularly the residential areas stemming from Corte Orchidia and Black Rail Road (Encantata). This tank would be approximately 175 feet in diameter, 56 feet high, and would be the fourth tank at that facility. The proposed tank would be the same size as the three existing tanks, approximately 8.5 million gallons. As such, there would not be a new land use being introduced to the site. Additionally, as is the case with the existing tanks, vegetative screening would be incorporated into the project, as would using fencing or walls, which would help soften the appearance of the new facility. Overall, visual impacts resulting from component 27 would be less than significant. 4.1.4 4.1.4 4.1.4 4.1.4 Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measures Mitigation Measures No significant aesthetic effects have been identified; no mitigation measures are necessary. 4.1.5 4.1.5 4.1.5 4.1.5 Residual Impacts After Mitigation Residual Impacts After Mitigation Residual Impacts After Mitigation Residual Impacts After Mitigation There are no residual visual impacts. 4.2 Air QualityAir QualityAir QualityAir Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.2-1 4.24.24.24.2 AIR QUALITYAIR QUALITYAIR QUALITYAIR QUALITY The primary focus of this section is to outline existing air quality conditions, plans and guidelines regulating the quality of air and how the proposed project may impact existing and future air quality conditions within northern San Diego County. Regulatory authority for air quality in San Diego County exists at the federal, state, and local levels and includes the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); the California Air Resources Board (ARB); the San Diego Air Pollution Control District (APCD); and the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). SANDAG, comprised of City and County governments, has only advisory authority. However, SANDAG has the primary responsibility to provide long-range, regional growth and transportation planning and to include air quality considerations in its planning efforts. The EPA has overall authority for maintaining and improving the nation’s air quality as mandated by the Federal Clean Air Act of 1970. Since enactment of the Act in 1970, a series of federal and state legislation has been enacted to enhance the quality of air. As a result of this legislation, federal and state pollutant concentration standards have been derived. These standards are designed to protect those people most susceptible to respiratory stress (known as sensitive receptors). Also as a result of the legislation, air quality management districts have been established to measure pollutant concentrations in their air basins and monitor their conformance with federal and state standards. If an air basin does not meet the established air quality standards, the responsible air quality district must prepare an air quality plan to show how the standards will be attained. The San Diego Air Basin (SDAB) is classified as a “serious” non-attainment area for both federal and state standards for ozone (smog). The SDAB also exceeds the state standard for airborne particulate matter PM10. Management of the air quality in the SDAB is under the authority of the APCD. The APCD has prepared a Regional Air Quality Strategy (RAQS) to comply with state and federal legislation and to attempt to address attainment of both state and federal air quality standards. National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) were established in 1971 for six pollution sources. States have the option to add other pollutants, require more stringent compliance or to include different exposure periods. Those standards currently in effect in California are shown in Table 4.2-1. 4.2 Air QualityAir QualityAir QualityAir Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.2-2 TABLE 4.2-1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS CALIFORNIA STANDARDS FEDERAL STANDARDS POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION AVERAGING TIME CONCENTRATION AVERAGING TIME Ozone (O3) 0.09 ppm 1 hour average > 0.12 ppm > 1 hour average 20.00 ppm 1 hour average > 35.00 ppm 1 hour average > Carbon Monoxide (CO) 9.00 ppm 8 hour average > 9.00 ppm 8 hour average > Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) 0.25 ppm 1 hour average > 0.053 ppm annual average > 0.25 ppm 1 hour average > 0.03 ppm annual average > Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) 0.04 ppm 24 hour average > 0.14 ppm 24 hour average > Suspended Particulate Matter (PM10) 50 ug/m3 30 ug/m3 24 hour average > annual geometric mean > 150 ug/m3 ----- 24 hour average > annual arithmetic mean > Sulfates 25 ug/m3 24 hour average >= ----- --- Lead 1.5 ug/m3 30 day average >= 1.5 ug/m3 calendar quarter > Visibility Reducing Particulates In sufficient amount to reduce the visual range to less than 10 miles at relative humidity less than 70 percent, 8-hour average (10 am-6 pm) ---- ---- Source: Table 20.1-7, California and National Ambient Air Quality Standards (www.sdapcd.co.san-diego.ca.us). Sources of Pollution. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and reactive organic gases (ROG) are the two precursors to photochemical smog formation. In San Diego County, ROG and NOx are largely emitted from mobile (cars, ships, planes, heavy equipment, etc.) sources (San Diego Air Pollution Control District, 1999). Air Quality Management Planning. Due to the existing air quality in San Diego, more specifically the exceedance of baseline pollutant levels, the APCD is required to develop measures for which pollution control will occur. These measures and several other components of the attainment process are contained in the regional air quality management plan developed jointly by the APCD and SANDAG. Several regional air quality plans have been adopted throughout the 1980s and 1990s under the title Regional Air Quality Strategies (RAQS). Modifications, improvements and updates to earlier RAQS have resulted in the 1998 version of this report. In 1988, the California Legislature enacted the California Clean Air Act (CCAA). The CCAA requires that each air quality region complete a clean air plan to address compliance with state standards as well as their less stringent federal partners. A basin 4.2 Air QualityAir QualityAir QualityAir Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.2-3 plan was therefore developed and adopted in 1991 that predicted attainment of all national standards by the end of 1997 from pollution sources within the air basin. A plan to meet the federal standards for ozone was developed in 1994 through an update of the 1991 State Plan. This local plan was combined with those from all other California non-attainment areas with serious (or worse) ozone problems to create the California State Implementation Plan (SIP). The SIP was adopted by the ARB in late 1994 and EPA in mid-1996. In 1999, the SDAB was downgraded from the list of regions suffering from a “severe” ozone problem to a “serious” ozone problem. The proposed project relates to the SIP and/or RAQS through the land use and growth assumptions that are incorporated into the air quality planning document. These growth assumptions are based on each city’s and the County’s general plan. If a proposed project is consistent with its applicable General Plan, then the project presumably has been anticipated with the regional air quality planning process. Such consistency would ensure that the project would not have an adverse regional air quality impact. The proposed Water and Sewer Master Plans relate only minimally to the RAQS. Emissions from the project are almost entirely exclusive to construction. Except for control of construction dust relating to PM10 production, there are no measures in the RAQS that relate directly to the proposed project. The RAQS for SDAB do not specify significance thresholds for air pollutants generated during construction. Therefore, this analysis uses guidelines published in the South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) CEQA Air Quality Handbook. The proposed project would contribute emissions of PM10 from construction-related dust, and emissions of CO and NOx from diesel-powered equipment. 4.2.14.2.14.2.14.2.1 Existing ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting Conditions The study area, encompassing parts of the City of Carlsbad, and minor parts of the Cities of Oceanside, and San Marcos, is located within the SDAB, and enjoys a Mediterranean climate characterized by warm, dry summers, mild winters, and infrequent rainfall. The principal climatic features include the Pacific semi-permanent subtropical ridge with a shallow marine layer and pronounced low-level inversion, along with the cool California current that moderates temperature variations. Air quality within the basin generally rates from fair to poor. Dispersion of air pollutants is relatively limited, owing to low mixing heights, low-level temperature inversions, and light wind speeds. Local air quality within the study area is degraded by subsidence and radiation inversions. 4.2 Air QualityAir QualityAir QualityAir Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.2-4 Subsidence inversions occur during the summer months as descending air associated with the Pacific High pressure cell contacts cool marine air. The boundary between the two air layers represents a temperature inversion which traps pollutants. The radiation inversion develops on winter nights when air near the ground cools by heat radiation and air aloft remains warm. The shallow inversion layer between these two air masses can trap vehicular pollutants such as carbon monoxide and oxides of nitrogen. As this air layer moves eastward it becomes progressively more polluted. This situation is further complicated as trapped hydrocarbons (mobile source emissions) and oxides of nitrogen (stationary and mobile source emissions) react in the presence of sunlight to form photo-chemical smog. Local sources of air pollutants are mostly related to transportation, with vehicular emissions being the primary concern. The APCD currently maintains monitoring stations in Oceanside and Escondido. Historical records from these stations show that the level of ozone pollution in the region periodically exceed federal standards. As a whole, the SDAB has been designated as a “non-attainment area” for air pollutants such as ozone, suspended particulates, and reactive hydrocarbons. The ambient air quality summary for the period of 1996-2000 is shown in Table 4-2.2. 4.2.24.2.24.2.24.2.2 SignificanceSignificanceSignificanceSignificance CriterCriterCriterCriteriaiaiaia Thresholds for determining significance is based upon Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. A significant air quality impact would occur if the proposed project is determined to: ! Conflict with or obstruct implementation of the applicable air quality plan; ! Violate any air quality standard or contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation; ! Result in a cumulatively considerable net increase of any criteria pollutant for which the project region is in non-attainment under an applicable federal or state ambient air quality standard (including releasing emissions which exceed quantitative thresholds for ozone precursors); ! Expose sensitive receptors to substantial pollutant concentrations; or ! Create objectionable odors affecting a substantial number of people. 4.2 Air QualityAir QualityAir QualityAir Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.2-5 TABLE 4.2-2 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY SUMMARY ESCONDIDO AND OCEANSIDE MONITORING STATIONS 1996-2000 CARBON MONOXIDE (CO)1 OZONE (O3)2 SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10)3 YEAR/ LOCATION MAXIMUM 8-HOUR CONCENTRATIO N (PPM) DAYS STATE STANDARD EXCEEDED MAXIMUM 1-HOUR CONCENTRATIO N (PPM) DAYS STATE STANDARD EXCEEDED MAXIMUM 24-HOUR CONCENTRATION (UG/M3) DAYS (% OF SAMPLES) STATE STANDARD EXCEEDED3 1996 Escondido 7.1 0 0.120 12 53 Unknown Oceanside 2.6 0 0.110 4 62 Unknown 1997 Escondido 4.9 0 0.110 5 63 Unknown Oceanside 2.9 0 0.110 6 50 Unknown 1998 Escondido 4.5 0 0.120 9 51 Unknown Oceanside 2.3 0 0.110 3 37 Unknown 1999 Escondido 5.3 0 0.104 1 60 Unknown Oceanside 2.0 0 0.091 0 --- --- 2000 Escondido 4.9 0 0.124 6 65 Unknown Oceanside --- --- 0.095 1 --- --- The criteria states that where available, the significance criteria established by the applicable air quality management or air pollution control district may be relied upon to make the significance determinations. For criteria pollutant thresholds, the guidelines and thresholds used by the SCAQMD apply. Thresholds for Construction EmissionsThresholds for Construction EmissionsThresholds for Construction EmissionsThresholds for Construction Emissions Specific criteria for determining whether the potential air quality impacts of a project are significant are set forth in the SCAQMD's CEQA Air Quality Handbook. The following CEQA significance thresholds for construction emissions have been established by the SCAQMD: ! 2.5 tons per quarter or 75 pounds per day of ROC ! 2.5 tons per quarter or 100 pounds per day of NOx ! 24.75 tons per quarter or 550 pounds per day of CO 4.2 Air QualityAir QualityAir QualityAir Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.2-6 ! 6.75 tons per quarter or 150 pounds per day of PM10 ! 6.75 tons per quarter or 150 pounds per day of Sulfur Oxides (SOx) Projects in the basin with construction related emissions that exceed these emission thresholds could have significant impacts. Thresholds for Operational EmissionsThresholds for Operational EmissionsThresholds for Operational EmissionsThresholds for Operational Emissions Emissions Thresholds for Regional Criteria PollutantsEmissions Thresholds for Regional Criteria PollutantsEmissions Thresholds for Regional Criteria PollutantsEmissions Thresholds for Regional Criteria Pollutants ! 55 pounds per day of ROC ! 55 pounds per day of NOx ! 550 pounds per day of CO ! 150 pounds per day of PM10 ! 150 pounds per day of SOx Projects in the basin with operation related emissions that exceed these emission thresholds could have significant impacts. Standards for Localized Criteria PollutantsStandards for Localized Criteria PollutantsStandards for Localized Criteria PollutantsStandards for Localized Criteria Pollutants ! California State one hour CO standard of 20.0 ppm ! California State eight hour CO standard of 9.0 ppm The significance of localized project impacts depends on whether ambient CO levels in the vicinity of the project are above or below state and federal CO standards. If ambient levels are below the standards, a project is considered to have significant impacts if project emissions result in an exceedance of one or more of these standards. If ambient levels already exceed a state or federal standard, then project emissions are considered significant if they increase one hour CO concentrations by 1.0 ppm or more or eight hour CO concentrations by 0.45 ppm or more. 4.2.34.2.34.2.34.2.3 Impact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact Analysis Consistency with Air Quality PlansConsistency with Air Quality PlansConsistency with Air Quality PlansConsistency with Air Quality Plans Section 15125(B) of the CEQA Guidelines contains specific reference to the need to evaluate any inconsistencies between the proposed project and the applicable air quality 4.2 Air QualityAir QualityAir QualityAir Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.2-7 management plan. Transportation Control Measures (TCMs) are part of the RAQS. The RAQS and TCM plan set forth the steps needed to accomplish attainment of state and federal ambient air quality standards. The California ARB provides criteria for determining whether a project conforms with the RAQS which include the following: ! Is a regional air quality plan being implemented in the project area? ! Is the project consistent with the growth assumptions in the regional air quality plan? The project area is located in the San Diego Air Basin, and as such, is located in an area where a RAQS is being implemented. The project is consistent with the growth assumptions of the City’s General Plan and the RAQS. Also, all CMWD and CSD facilities are subject to and designed to conform with APCD Rules and Regulations governing stationary and mobile sources. Because the Master Plans have been formulated on the basis of local land use planning and regional growth and population forecasts, and because all facilities proposed are subject to regional air pollution control measures, the Master Plans are consistent with regional plans to improve and maintain air quality. Therefore, the project is consistent with the regional air quality plan and will in no way conflict or obstruct implementation of the regional plan. Air Quality StandardsAir Quality StandardsAir Quality StandardsAir Quality Standards Air quality impacts will result primarily from short-term construction activities, emissions from vehicles used by the sanitation districts’ employees, and the operation of other power-consuming city facilities. Standard equipment used for the rehabilitation and replacement of pipelines can include dozers, rollers, dewatering pumps, backhoes, loaders, delivery and haul trucks, and other equipment. The equipment to be found at any one time on a given construction site varies with the type of project. Short-term impacts will also result from dust generated by surface disturbance to construct the project. Such dust potentially will be a soiling nuisance to parked cars, landscaping/ vegetation or other surfaces. Heavy equipment (mainly diesel-powered) will generate exhaust emissions from on-site activity and hauling of excess dirt offsite, pipe and other construction materials. These impacts are generic to pipeline construction and construction of related facilities. A discussion of these impacts is provided below. All other impacts associated with construction, relative to combustion emissions and fugitive dust, would also be applicable to the project. 4.2 Air QualityAir QualityAir QualityAir Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.2-8 Fugitive DustFugitive DustFugitive DustFugitive Dust The California ARB estimates that each acre under construction disturbance generates about 100 pounds of total suspended particulates (TSP) or dust per day, if no dust control measures are implemented. Dust control measures, such as frequent watering and periodic street washing near construction access, as required by San Diego APCD rules and City of Carlsbad code requirements, can reduce the dust generation rate by approximately 50 percent. The PM10 fraction for TSP is typically less than half. For purposes of this analysis, a one-acre disturbance site was presumed to generate 30 pounds of TSP and 25 pounds of PM10 when the site is under active disturbance when “standard” dust control measures are utilized. During construction, it was determined that the active disturbance area on any given day would be no more than approximately 200 feet by 30 feet at any given site, or 0.14 acre. Daily regional PM10 emissions would be approximately 3.5 pounds per day for each area of construction. Even if multiple segments were under construction, the PM10 emissions would still be substantially less than the significance threshold of 150 pounds per day. PM10 emissions resulting from project construction would therefore be considered less than significant. However, the PM10 levels in the SDAB are above the state standard; therefore, while PM10 emissions during construction are short-term and less than significant, measures are required to minimize the generation of airborne dust to the maximum extent feasible. These measures, including the application of dust control agents and the use of tarps on soil hauling vehicles, have been incorporated into the project by design, as shown in Table 2-5. No further measures would be required. Dust deposited on parked cars, outdoor furniture or other exposed surfaces from construction related activities including the hauling of excavated materials from the site may create a soiling nuisance. EPA studies have shown that the zone of impact for heavy soiling nuisance extends 50 feet or less from the activity (EPA 1995). Where construction occurs within 50 feet of sensitive receptors, soiling nuisance would occur. Project design features included in Table 2-5, such as halting grading operations during periods of high winds, would ensure that effects would be less than significant. No additional measures would be required. 4.2 Air QualityAir QualityAir QualityAir Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.2-9 Combustion EmissionsCombustion EmissionsCombustion EmissionsCombustion Emissions Equipment exhaust emissions are negligible due to the limited equipment necessary to complete the proposed construction. Exhaust from construction activities would not result in substantial concentrations of pollutants, either locally or regionally. Total daily construction activity impacts from equipment exhaust and fugitive dust cannot be specifically calculated at this program-level of analysis; however, given the type of project, it is likely that impacts would not exceed identified significance thresholds, and would be less than significant. However, the O3 and PM10 levels in the SDAB are above national and state AAQS; therefore, while combustion emissions during construction are short-term and less than significant, project design features have been incorporated into the project to reduce effects to the extent feasible (Table 2-5). No additional measures would be necessary. Additional concerns during construction include traffic delays that may occur as a result of construction vehicles interfering with existing traffic flow, and potential truck queuing near sensitive receptors. Detours, delays and congestion from potential lane closures or slow moving vehicles may cause vehicular emissions of CO and ROG to increase. With an effective traffic control plan (as described in Table 2-5 and Sections 2.3 and 4.10 of this EIR) air quality impacts would be maintained at a level below significance (see Section 4.2.4 below). With implementation of the required dust abatement and exhaust pollution minimization measures found in the project design features (see Table 2-5), emissions associated with project implementation will be further reduced to a level below significant. Implementation of these measures will reduce project-related emissions to a level below significant by controlling construction-generated respirable particulate matter (PM10) through dust abatement procedures and controlling construction- generated O3 and NOx through proper maintenance of construction vehicles and traffic/construction vehicle management. Long-term emissions associated with travel to and from the project will be minimal. Although air pollutant emissions would be associated with the project, they would neither result in the violation of any air quality standard (comprising only an incremental contribution to overall air basin quality readings), nor contribute substantially to an existing or projected air quality violation. 4.2 Air QualityAir QualityAir QualityAir Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.2-10 NonNonNonNon----attainment Pollutantsattainment Pollutantsattainment Pollutantsattainment Pollutants The air basin is currently in a non-attainment zone for ozone and suspended fine particulates. The proposed project would represent a contribution to a cumulatively considerable potential net increase in emissions throughout the air basin. As described above, however, emissions associated with the proposed project would be minimal. As supported by the preceding discussions, given the limited emissions potentially associated with the proposed project, air quality would be essentially the same whether or not the proposed project is implemented. The proposed project’s contribution to the cumulative impact is not meaningful, and impacts would be less than significant. Sensitive ReceptorsSensitive ReceptorsSensitive ReceptorsSensitive Receptors As noted above, the proposed project would not result in substantial pollutant emissions or concentrations. While sensitive receptors (e.g., schools or hospitals) exist in the vicinity of most of the project components, project design features to limit emissions and dust would help to maintain impacts at less than significant levels. OdorOdorOdorOdor The construction of the proposed project could generate fumes from the operation of construction equipment, which may be considered objectionable by some people. Such exposure would be short-term or transient. In addition, the number of people exposed to such transient impacts is not considered substantial, and odor impacts during construction of the project components would be less than significant. The proposed underground water and sewer lines and improvements include few above ground structures. Manholes are proposed in several project components. The manholes would be sealed and opened only for maintenance or service to the line; therefore, potential odors would be minimized, and effects would not be significant. Other aboveground structures that can typically result in odor emissions are sewer lift stations, which are vented to the atmosphere. Two existing sewer components, numbers 1 and 12, currently emit odorous levels of hydrogen sulfide gas, resulting in complaints from adjacent sensitive receptors. The proposed projects would include facilities to ameliorate the odor issues by installing an activated carbon adsorption odor control system. Also, odor control measures would be included in all sewer lift station projects. Odor impacts are not expected to be offensive to a substantial number of people, and would be less than significant. 4.2 Air QualityAir QualityAir QualityAir Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.2-11 4.2.44.2.44.2.44.2.4 Mitigation MeasuresMitigation MeasuresMitigation MeasuresMitigation Measures No significant air quality impacts were identified. 4.2.54.2.54.2.54.2.5 Residual Impact After MitigationResidual Impact After MitigationResidual Impact After MitigationResidual Impact After Mitigation Residual impacts to air quality would be less than significant. 4.2 Air QualityAir QualityAir QualityAir Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.2-12 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-1 4.34.34.34.3 BIOLOGICAL RESOURCESBIOLOGICAL RESOURCESBIOLOGICAL RESOURCESBIOLOGICAL RESOURCES The project study area encompasses much of the incorporated City of Carlsbad as well as two outlying areas and as such includes areas containing varying types of biological resources. The evaluation of potential impacts of implementation of the proposed project components on those biological resources has been made utilizing existing resource databases and knowledge of design requirements and construction methods. The following discussion includes a description of the methodology of analysis, the results, and conclusions in terms of potential impacts, analysis of significance, and proposed mitigation. The description of existing biological resources is largely based on information in the Carlsbad Habitat Management Plan (HMP) (City of Carlsbad 1999). Resources consulted in the analysis of potential biological resource impacts include vegetation community mapping provided by the City of Carlsbad (Carlsbad 1998), sensitive species data occurrence provided by California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG 2002) and San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG 2002), and reserve planning information provided from the Carlsbad HMP. No field verification was conducted as part of this analysis. 4.3.14.3.14.3.14.3.1 Existing ConditExisting ConditExisting ConditExisting Conditionsionsionsions Carlsbad is situated along the Pacific Coast in northern San Diego County, California. The coastal portions of Carlsbad are largely developed; however, natural vegetation communities remain in and around the three coastal lagoons and on some of the higher, steeper-sloped, inland portions of the City. Vegetation CommunitiesVegetation CommunitiesVegetation CommunitiesVegetation Communities Natural vegetation communities cover approximately 8,758 acres (36% of the City’s total area). The remainder of the City is agricultural lands (approximately 1,812 acres), disturbed lands (approximately 1,251 acres) or developed lands (approximately 12,749 acres). Figure 4.3-1 illustrates the distribution of vegetation types. Natural communities present within the project area include the following general types: grassland, sage scrub, chaparral, woodland, riparian, marsh, and other wetland types. Below is a brief description of each. 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-2 GrasslandGrasslandGrasslandGrassland Both native and non-native grasslands occur within the City, occupying approximately 1,807 acres within Carlsbad. Native grassland is characterized by perennial bunch grasses such as needlegrass (Nassella spp.) and herbaceous annuals and perennials. This habitat type is often associated with clay soils and frequently occurs as open patches within coastal sage scrub. Non-native grassland is characterized by non-native grasses such as wild oats (Avena spp.), bromes (Bromus spp.), and others (e.g., Gastridium ventricosum, Vulpia spp.). Other species present in this habitat type include telegraph weed (Heterotheca grandiflora), fascicled tarweed (Deinandra fasiculata), doveweed (Eremocarpus setigerus), Russian-thistle (Salsola tragus), black mustard (Brassica nigra), and tocalote (Centaurea melitensis). Non-native grassland is not considered a sensitive habitat; however, in a few locations it may be a significant resource for raptor foraging, may support sensitive plant species, and may serve as a habitat linkage. Sage ScrubSage ScrubSage ScrubSage Scrub Sge scrub types within Carlsbad include maritime succulent scrub, Diegan coastal sage scrub, and coastal sage scrub-chaparral scrub. Approximately 3,315 acres of sage scrub exist within the City. Maritime succulent scrub includes a variety of succulents, such as fish-hook cactus (Mammilaria dioica), coast cholla (Opuntia prolifera), shore cactus (Opuntia littoralis), California desert thorn (Lycium californicum), cliff-spurge (Euphorbia misera), bladder-pod (Isomeris arborea), and several species of dudleya (Dudleya spp.), mixed with typical Diegan sage scrub species. Diegan coastal sage scrub is a drought-deciduous community comprised of aromatic shrubs and subshrubs with a diverse understory of annual and perennial herbs, perennial and annual grasses, and grass-like plants. It occurs primarily on dry south- facing slopes and hillsides or on clay-rich soils adjacent to chaparral or upslope from riparian woodlands. Carlsbad, the largest remaining tracts of Diegan coastal sage scrub are found in the vicinity of Lake Calavera, southeast of Agua Hedionda Lagoon, and near Rancho Santa Fe Road. Coastal sage scrub-chaparral scrub is a transitional community between coastal sage scrub 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-3 and chaparral types. Figure 4.3-1 11 x 17 color 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-4 Figure 4.3-1 11x17 color backup 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-5 ChaparralChaparralChaparralChaparral Chaparral habitat in the City has been grouped into two categories: undifferentiated (including southern mixed and chamise chaparral) and southern maritime chaparral. There are approximately 989 acres of undifferentiated chaparral in Carlsbad. Southern mixed chaparral is a fire- and drought-adapted community composed of a variety of woody shrubs, many of which are "stump sprouters" that regenerate rapidly from underground undamaged tissues following fires or other ecological perturbation. It is a heterogeneous community type (i.e., the dominant shrubs vary from site to site). Chamise chaparral is a community where chamise is the overwhelming dominant plant. These chaparral types have a patchy distribution throughout the City, occurring on more mesic north- and west-facing slopes, alternating with coastal sage scrub, grasslands, and oak woodlands. Southern maritime chaparral is similar to southern mixed chaparral but occurs on sandstone. It is the most limited chaparral type in distribution, particularly in Carlsbad, and is characterized by several endemic shrubs, including Del Mar manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. crassifolia), wart-stemmed ceanothus (Ceanothus verrucosus), coast spice bush (Cneoridium dumosum), and Nuttall’s scrub oak. In Carlsbad, the major stands of southern maritime chaparral are located northeast of the junction of Palomar Airport Road and El Camino Real; east and west of El Camino Real between Palomar Airport Road and Alga Road; slopes above Green Valley; and east and west of El Camino Real between La Costa Avenue and Olivenhain Road. WoodlandWoodlandWoodlandWoodland Two woodland types occur in the City: oak woodland and eucalyptus woodland. There are approximately 29 acres of oak woodland and 257 acres of eucalyptus woodland in Carlsbad. Oak woodland, as discussed here, is dominated by coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia), with scattered individuals of other tree species. Eucalyptus woodland is a non-native community. It is dominated by various species of planted eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.) that survived around old dwellings or in entire groves (e.g., the Hosp Grove). Although this habitat supports no sensitive plant or wildlife species, it is often used for nesting by raptors and other birds or roosting by bats. 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-6 RiparianRiparianRiparianRiparian Riparian types within the City include riparian scrub, riparian woodland, and riparian forest. Riparian habitats are considered sensitive under federal and state wetlands regulations and policies. There are approximately 572 acres of riparian habitat in Carlsbad. As used herein, riparian scrub includes several natural and semi-disturbed wetlands communities, including mule fat scrub, southern willow scrub, and baccharis/tamarisk scrub. These communities occur along river courses and seasonally moist drainages. Characteristic areas of riparian scrub occur: along El Camino Real south of Batiquitos Lagoon; extending east from the mudflats at the eastern end of Agua Hedionda Lagoon (e.g., Macario Canyon); and along the northern portion of the City south of Highway 78 in Buena Vista Creek. As used herein, riparian woodland includes sycamore-alder riparian woodland and other riparian woodland. Sycamore-alder woodland is an open to moderately closed, winter deciduous, broadleafed riparian woodland, dominated by well-spaced western sycamore (Plantanus racemosa). Sycamore-alder woodland is uncommon, occurring primarily in the Sunny Creek area and along a narrow drainage south of Lake Calavera. Riparian forest, as discussed here, includes southern coast live oak riparian forest. This type is dominated by coast live oak, with scattered individuals of other tree species, such as western sycamore (Platanus racemosa), willow (Salix spp.), and Mexican elderberry (Sambucus mexicanus). MarshMarshMarshMarsh Marsh and wetland habitats in Carlsbad include southern coastal salt marsh, freshwater marsh, the unvegetated mud flats and open water areas of estuaries, and several other aquatic habitat types. All marsh habitats are considered sensitive and are regulated under federal and state regulations and policies. There are approximately 1,466 acres of marsh habitats within the City. Southern coastal salt marsh is a wetland community that develops in low, flat estuaries at the mouths of rivers and streams. Tidal inundation or excessive evaporation results in highly saline conditions around the margins of lagoons, and it is under these conditions that salt marshes develop. Within Carlsbad, salt marsh habitat is present surrounding 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-7 portions of Batiquitos Lagoon and Agua Hedionda Lagoon. The habitat type also occurs in limited amounts around Buena Vista Lagoon. Freshwater marsh occurs in drainages, seepages, and other perennially moist low places. This community is characterized by perennial, emergent monocots 2-3 m (6-10 feet) tall, such as cattails (Typha spp.) Patches of this habitat are present at the upper ends of Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, and Batiquitos lagoons, where a mixture of plants of salt and freshwater habitats is encountered. Smaller freshwater marshes grow around the perimeter of Lake Calavera and within riparian scrub communities. Other Wetlands TypesOther Wetlands TypesOther Wetlands TypesOther Wetlands Types Other wetland and aquatic types include disturbed wetland, estuaries, freshwater/open water, vernal pools and cismontane alkali marsh. Disturbed wetland is not a native plant community. It typically occurs where the natural wetland vegetation has been degraded by mechanical activities or invaded by weedy, nonnative species. Estuarine habitat consists of a semi-enclosed body of water that has a free connection with the open ocean and within which seawater is measurably diluted with fresh water derived from land drainage. This aquatic habitat lacks vascular vegetation and includes lakes, ponds, and reservoirs. Excluding the three major coastal lagoons (Batiquitos, Agua Hedionda, and Buena Vista), the largest open water area in the City is Lake Calavera. There also are a number of smaller natural or artificial ponds throughout the City. Vernal pools are a highly restricted, unique wetland habitat type that contains high numbers of endangered, sensitive, and endemic plant and animal species. This type occurs in several scattered locations throughout the City on marine terraces. Areas in Carlsbad classified as cismontane or alkali marsh are typically disturbed riparian freshwater marsh that have changed in vegetative character due to agriculture or other disturbance. Plant species found in these locations are often those associated with salt marsh, as well as exotic or weedy species. Areas of cismontane alkali marsh along portions of Encinitas Creek and in the vicinity of natural springs and seeps. 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-8 Sensitive Plant SpeciesSensitive Plant SpeciesSensitive Plant SpeciesSensitive Plant Species A variety of sensitive plant species occur within the study area. Below is a brief description of the most commonly occurring species. San Diego ThornSan Diego ThornSan Diego ThornSan Diego Thorn----mint (Acanthomintha ilicifolia)mint (Acanthomintha ilicifolia)mint (Acanthomintha ilicifolia)mint (Acanthomintha ilicifolia) San Diego thorn-mint is federally threatened and state endangered and is restricted to distribution to San Diego County and northern Baja California, Mexico (CNPS 2001; USFWS 1995). In San Diego County, the species is known from Carlsbad and San Marcos south to Sweetwater and Otay Mesa, and east to Alpine (Beauchamp 1986; USFWS 1995).This species is an annual plant that may experience dramatic yearly fluctuations in population size and detectability. The species requires a clay soil substrate, and appears to require particularly a micro-habitat within that general category. It is susceptible to local extirpation by catastrophic fire and surface disturbance (City of Carlsbad 1999). Del Mar Manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. crassifolia)Del Mar Manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. crassifolia)Del Mar Manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. crassifolia)Del Mar Manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa ssp. crassifolia) This federally endangered species occurs on sandstone terraces and bluffs and is associated with southern maritime chaparral. This burl-forming, fire-adapted shrub occurs on sandstone terraces and bluffs in southern maritime chaparral. Individuals are typically long-lived. Del Mar manzanita is restricted to San Diego County and northwestern Baja California, Mexico (CNPS 2001; USFWS 2002). Two major populations of this species have been identified in Carlsbad, in the vicinity of Agua Hedionda Lagoon and Green Valley/Olivenhain (City of Carlsbad 1999). ThreadThreadThreadThread----leaved Brodiaealeaved Brodiaealeaved Brodiaealeaved Brodiaea (Brodiaea filifolia)(Brodiaea filifolia)(Brodiaea filifolia)(Brodiaea filifolia) This federally threatened, state endangered species generally occurs in heavy clay soils in grasslands or vernal pools. Thread-leaved Brodiaea is known from Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego Counties (CNPS 2001). This species generally occurs in heavy clay soils in grasslands or vernal pools. It is an herbaceous perennial from a corm, and often reproduces asexually by producing corm offsets. A total of ten populations are believed to occur in Carlsbad (CNPS 2001). WartWartWartWart----stemmed Ceanothusstemmed Ceanothusstemmed Ceanothusstemmed Ceanothus (Cea(Cea(Cea(Ceanothus verrucosus)nothus verrucosus)nothus verrucosus)nothus verrucosus) 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-9 This species is a federal species of concern and is associated with southern maritime chaparral and southern mixed chaparral. It also forms nearly monotypic stands in some inland locations. Wart-stemmed ceanothus is limited to western San Diego County and Baja California, Mexico (CNPS 2001).This evergreen shrub is a highly fire-adapted species whose fire response mechanism is seed germination from a persistent seedbank after exposure to intense heat (CNPS 2001). Del Mar Mesa Sand AsterDel Mar Mesa Sand AsterDel Mar Mesa Sand AsterDel Mar Mesa Sand Aster (Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. linifolia)(Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. linifolia)(Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. linifolia)(Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. linifolia) Del Mar Mesa sand aster is a federal species of concern and San Diego County endemic that occurs along bluffs or brushy slopes near the coast from Carlsbad southward to Point Loma. This perennial sub-shrub occurs on sandstone terraces and bluffs in southern maritime chaparral and coastal sage scrub. Individuals typically are relatively short-lived. The species probably is an obligate seeder rather than a vigorous stump- sprouter, and may invade disturbed soils readily. San Diego GoldenstarSan Diego GoldenstarSan Diego GoldenstarSan Diego Goldenstar (Muilla clevelandii)(Muilla clevelandii)(Muilla clevelandii)(Muilla clevelandii) This federal species of concern generally occurs in heavy clay soils in grasslands. San Diego Goldenstar is endemic to San Diego County (CNPS 2001) where it has been reported from Carlsbad, San Diego, Rancho Bernardo, Poway, and Otay. This species generally occurs in heavy clay soils in grasslands (CNPS 2001). Nuttall’s Scrub OakNuttall’s Scrub OakNuttall’s Scrub OakNuttall’s Scrub Oak (Quercus dumosa)(Quercus dumosa)(Quercus dumosa)(Quercus dumosa) Nuttall's Scrub Oak is a federal species of concern and has a disjunctive distribution that includes Santa Barbara, Orange, and San Diego Counties (CNPS 2001). This fire- adapted shrub occurs on sandstone terraces and bluffs in southern maritime chaparral, southern mixed chaparral and coastal sage scrub. Individuals are typically long-lived. Sensitive Animal SpeSensitive Animal SpeSensitive Animal SpeSensitive Animal Speciesciesciescies San Diego Fairy ShrimpSan Diego Fairy ShrimpSan Diego Fairy ShrimpSan Diego Fairy Shrimp (Branchinecta sandiegoensis)(Branchinecta sandiegoensis)(Branchinecta sandiegoensis)(Branchinecta sandiegoensis) San Diego fairy shrimp are federally endangered and are usually found early in the season after winter and spring rains in vernal pools on mesas, in roadside ditches, and in shallow (< 30 centimeters) tire ruts (Simovich and Fugate 1992). Hatched eggs incubate at temperatures ranging from 10 to 15 °C. This species occurs in vernal pools from coastal Orange County to northern Baja California, Mexico, from near the coast 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-10 (Orange County, Camp Pendleton) inland to Ramona (Simovich and Fugate 1992; Brown, Wier and Belk 1994; USFWS 1997). OrangeOrangeOrangeOrange----throated Whiptailthroated Whiptailthroated Whiptailthroated Whiptail (Cnemidophorus hyperythrus beldingi)(Cnemidophorus hyperythrus beldingi)(Cnemidophorus hyperythrus beldingi)(Cnemidophorus hyperythrus beldingi) Orange-throated whiptail is a California species of concern. They are most often associated with open sage scrub habitats with a vegetative cover of about 50%, but are also found in ruderal areas, open chaparral, riparian scrub, and oak woodlands. Orange- throated Whiptail is locally common within its range in the extreme southwest corner of California, which includes parts of Orange, Riverside, and San Diego Counties, and northern Baja California at elevations below 2,800 feet. Belding’s Savannah SparrowBelding’s Savannah SparrowBelding’s Savannah SparrowBelding’s Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi)(Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi)(Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi)(Passerculus sandwichensis beldingi) Belding’s savannah sparrow is a state endangered species and is restricted to salt marsh, mud flat, and low coastal strand vegetated habitats. This salt marsh sparrow is distributed along the coastline from Santa Barbara County south to northern Baja California. Salt marsh habitats within Agua Hedionda and Batiquitos lagoons contain major populations of this species. California Least TernCalifornia Least TernCalifornia Least TernCalifornia Least Tern (Sterna antillarum browni)(Sterna antillarum browni)(Sterna antillarum browni)(Sterna antillarum browni) The federal and state endangered California least tern requires coastal beaches and saltflats for colonial breeding and intertidal and estuarine waters for foraging. The colonially breeding species is distributed along the coast from San Francisco Bay to Baja California. Estuarine and salt marsh habitats within Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, and Batiquitos lagoons support major populations for the California Least Tern. Coastal California GnatcatcherCoastal California GnatcatcherCoastal California GnatcatcherCoastal California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica californica)(Polioptila californica californica)(Polioptila californica californica)(Polioptila californica californica) This species is closely associated with coastal sage scrub habitat, especially below 950- foot elevation, and on slopes less than 40 percent (ERCE 1990b; Ogden 1992b; 1993b) and is listed as federally threatened. Within Carlsbad, the number of existing coastal California gnatcatcher pairs fluctuates seasonally and from year to year, based on weather, fires and a number of other factors. Based on current information, estimates of the total coastal California gnatcatcher population in Carlsbad range from 100 to 150 pairs. LightLightLightLight----footed Clapper Railfooted Clapper Railfooted Clapper Railfooted Clapper Rail (Rallus longirostris levipes)(Rallus longirostris levipes)(Rallus longirostris levipes)(Rallus longirostris levipes) 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-11 This subspecies is restricted to coastal salt marshes of southern California and is listed as federal and state endangered. Salt marsh habitat associated with Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, and Batiquitos lagoons have been identified as critical locations for the this species. Southern California RufousSouthern California RufousSouthern California RufousSouthern California Rufous----crowned Sparrowcrowned Sparrowcrowned Sparrowcrowned Sparrow (Aimophila ruficeps canescens)(Aimophila ruficeps canescens)(Aimophila ruficeps canescens)(Aimophila ruficeps canescens) The Rufous-crowned sparrow is a state species of concern and occurs primarily in coastal sage scrub and has declined as a result of habitat loss. Rufous-crowned sparrows occur particularly on steep, rocky slopes with sparse brush intermixed with grassland. Due to the overlap of habitat use by the rufous-crowned sparrow and California gnatcatcher, it is assumed that other rufous-crowned sparrows are located within coastal sage scrub habitat. Least Bell’s Vireo(Vireo bellii pusillus)Least Bell’s Vireo(Vireo bellii pusillus)Least Bell’s Vireo(Vireo bellii pusillus)Least Bell’s Vireo(Vireo bellii pusillus) This migratory songbird breeds mostly in willow-mulefat-dominated riparian woodlands. It is restricted to riparian woodlands in southern California, with the majority of breeding pairs in San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Riverside Counties, and is listed as federal and state endangered. No major populations or critical locations have been identified for this species in the planning area. However, in 1998 a new population was discovered in the Agua Hedionda Creek west of El Camino Real (Varnus, 1997). YellowYellowYellowYellow----breasted Chat (Icteria virens)breasted Chat (Icteria virens)breasted Chat (Icteria virens)breasted Chat (Icteria virens) This California species of concern occurs in riparian woodlands and is considered an indicator species for potential least Bell’s vireo habitat and is an uncommon summer resident of riparian woodland/scrub of coastal plain and foothills of California. It is known from several locations along major riparian corridors in the City (City of Carlsbad 1999). Regional Resource Planning ContextRegional Resource Planning ContextRegional Resource Planning ContextRegional Resource Planning Context As a participant in the Natural Communities Conservation Program (NCCP), Carlsbad has prepared a Draft HMP which proposes a comprehensive, citywide program to identify how the City, in cooperation with federal and state wildlife agencies, can preserve the diversity of habitat and protect sensitive biological resources within the City while allowing for additional development consistent with the City’s General Plan and its Growth Management Plan. In so doing, the HMP is intended to lead to citywide 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-12 permits and authorization for the incidental take of sensitive species in conjunction with private development projects, public projects, and other activities which are consistent with the Plan. These permits would be issued under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, the California Endangered Species Act, and the California Natural Community Conservation Planning Act. Although the City and California Coastal Commission have approved the HMP, the USFWS has not yet issued its Biological Opinion that would authorize take under the HMP. Based on existing distribution of vegetation communities and sensitive species, Focus Planning Areas (FPAs) were identified in the HMP. The FPAs were further broken down into HMP cores and linkages. Eight core FPAs that are connected to one another and to habitat areas outside the City by a variety of linkages and wildlife movement corridors have been identified. These areas served as a basis for biological planning for the establishment of the proposed preserve system. Certain naturally vegetated areas in the City are too small, edge-effected, or isolated to be considered biological core or linkage areas, but are nonetheless important to preserve design or the conservation of particular species. These areas are designated as Special Resource Areas (SRAs). Conservation of land within the City is implemented as either a 1) existing hardline, 2) proposed hardline, or 3) standards area. The existing hardline preserve areas include both publicly owned land and privately owned land that has been committed to habitat conservation as a result of existing open space regulations, past development approvals or other actions. The proposed hardline represents a number of proposed public and private projects which have submitted proposed hardline conservation design for inclusion in the HMP and the preserve system. Upon approval of the HMP, these proposals will obtain the same conservation status as the existing hardline areas. Take of habitat will be authorized for the remaining portions of the projects. For some key properties within the City which have not submitted proposed hardline designs for inclusion in the preserve system at this time, the HMP includes conservation goals and standards which will apply to future development proposals in these areas (i.e., standards areas). The goals and standards have been arranged according to the Local Facilities Management Zones (LFMZs) to which they apply. 4.3.24.3.24.3.24.3.2 Significance CriteriaSignificance CriteriaSignificance CriteriaSignificance Criteria For purposes of this evaluation, a project component may have a significant effect on the environment if: 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-13 ! Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modifications, on any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? ! Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian, aquatic or wetland habitat or other sensitive natural community identified in local or regional plans, policies, or regulations or by California Department of Fish and Game or U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service? ! Have a substantial adverse effect on federally protected wetlands as defined by Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (including but not limited to marsh, vernal pool, coastal, etc.) through direct removal, filing, hydrological interruption, or other means? ! Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish or wildlife species or with established native resident or migratory wildlife corridors, or impede the use of native wildlife nursery sites? ! Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as a tree preservation policy or ordinance? ! Conflict with the provisions of an adopted Habitat Conservation Plan, Natural Community Conservation Plan, or other approved local, regional, or state habitat conservation plan? ! Impact tributary areas that are environmentally sensitive? 4.3.34.3.34.3.34.3.3 Impact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact Analysis Water and sewer project components that were determined to have the potential to impact biological resources that have not previously been evaluated under CEQA are described below and are listed in Tables S-1 and S-2. In general, project components were found to either: ! Have been previously analyzed and evaluated under CEQA by a separate development project (e.g., Kelly Ranch, Calavera Hills); 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-14 ! Have no potential for impacts to biological resources due to a location completely within a currently urbanized area; ! Have limited potential for impacts to biological resources mainly due to the existence of known habitats or species adjacent to the proposed project component location; or ! Have potential for impacts to biological resources due to the existence of known habitats or species within and around the proposed project component location. The potential for a project component to result in impacts to biological resources was evaluated based on both existing mapped resources and the potential for resources to develop. Thus, project components which were found to not have a potential to impact biological resources were only determined as such because of their location within extensively developed areas. Project components identified as having a potential for impacts to biological resources are required to have a biological survey report prepared pursuant to CEQA. The discussion of each of these project components below will also provide recommendations for focused surveys. The recommendations for focused surveys are based on existing mapped resources in the vicinity of the project site. The need for these surveys should be re-evaluated as updated and more detailed information is collected from processing of the individual project components or from other adjacent development projects. Fifty-eight of the project components would not result in significant biological resource impacts based on this program level of analysis. The majority of these facilities are located in existing disturbed areas including road rights-of-way. The following is a description of the 26 project components that would result in potentially significant impacts to biological resources. These determinations are also summarized in Tables S-1 and S-2. Each of these components occurs within or adjacent to known sensitive habitat or species localities and most are within designated standards or hardline conservation areas. As such, implementation of each component identified below has the potential to directly or indirectly affect a sensitive resource and/or affect the establishment of an effective regional preserve system. Water Master Plan ComponentsWater Master Plan ComponentsWater Master Plan ComponentsWater Master Plan Components Component 1 Component 1 Component 1 Component 1 ---- Watermain & PRS Marron Road to Watermain & PRS Marron Road to Watermain & PRS Marron Road to Watermain & PRS Marron Road to Tamarack Tamarack Tamarack Tamarack This proposed watermain (6,600 feet long) lies within areas mapped as coastal sage 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-15 scrub and riparian scrub. In addition, the project would transverse a proposed standards area under the HMP. Recommended focused surveys include project-level vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys. Component 11 Component 11 Component 11 Component 11 ---- Watermain from Terminus of Component 10 to Maerkle Watermain from Terminus of Component 10 to Maerkle Watermain from Terminus of Component 10 to Maerkle Watermain from Terminus of Component 10 to Maerkle ReservoirReservoirReservoirReservoir This watermain, totaling 4,100 feet, would be located in areas of fragmented coastal sage scrub within existing agricultural operations and more consolidated coastal sage scrub south of the reservoir. The project would transverse proposed standards and existing hardline conservation areas. Recommended focused surveys include project- level vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher and spring rare plant surveys. Component 17 Component 17 Component 17 Component 17 ---- Watermain, Poinsettia Lane from Skimmer Court to Blackrail Watermain, Poinsettia Lane from Skimmer Court to Blackrail Watermain, Poinsettia Lane from Skimmer Court to Blackrail Watermain, Poinsettia Lane from Skimmer Court to Blackrail RoadRoadRoadRoad Water component 17 includes installation of a 4,500-foot watermain in the future extension of Poinsettia Lane. The alignment transverses maritime succulent scrub, coastal sage scrub, and oak woodland habitats. Sensitive species known to occur in this area include the federally-listed endangered Del Mar manzanita, California gnatcatcher, Del Mar Mesa sand aster, and Nuttall’s scrub oak. This area is also a proposed standards area under the Draft Carlsbad HMP. Recommended focused surveys include project- level vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher, wetlands delineation, and spring rare plant surveys. Component 19 Component 19 Component 19 Component 19 ---- Watermain, Aviara Parkway from Plum Tree to Sapphire Drive Watermain, Aviara Parkway from Plum Tree to Sapphire Drive Watermain, Aviara Parkway from Plum Tree to Sapphire Drive Watermain, Aviara Parkway from Plum Tree to Sapphire Drive This proposed watermain would be approximately 3,100 feet long and would cross some fragemented habitat in the eastern portion of the alignment. This habitat is mapped as coastal sage scrub supporting numerous sensitive species including the federally-listed endangered San Diego thorn-mint, California gnatcatcher, and southern California rufous-crowned sparrow. The habitat in this area contains designations for standards and existing hardline conservation areas. As such, recommended focused surveys include project-level vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher and spring rare plant surveys. Component 20 Component 20 Component 20 Component 20 ---- Pump Station at El Camino Real and Palomar Airport Road Pump Station at El Camino Real and Palomar Airport Road Pump Station at El Camino Real and Palomar Airport Road Pump Station at El Camino Real and Palomar Airport Road 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-16 Although this project component is located at a major road intersection, there would be potential impacts to biological resources if the project is sited adjacent to or within extant habitat near the intersection. Habitats existing in this location include coastal sage scrub, southern maritime chaparral, and southern mixed chaparral. No other resources or HMP designations are recorded for this area. However, given the mapped vegetation communities, recommended focused surveys include project-level vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher and spring rare plant surveys. Component 22 Component 22 Component 22 Component 22 –––– Watermain, Watermain, Watermain, Watermain, AAAAlong Carlsbad Boulevard long Carlsbad Boulevard long Carlsbad Boulevard long Carlsbad Boulevard FFFFrom Avenida Encinas rom Avenida Encinas rom Avenida Encinas rom Avenida Encinas SSSSouthouthouthouth This project, although situated entirely within the right-of-way of Carlsbad Boulevard, is sited adjacent to the nesting locations for the California least tern and western snowy plover. Indirect construction noise impacts could occur to nesting species as a result. The future biological analysis would need to include a noise assessment and appropriate mitigation, such as seasonal restrictions on construction, adequate buffer areas, or project design features. Component 28 Component 28 Component 28 Component 28 ---- Water Reservoir adjacent to Maerkle Reservoir Water Reservoir adjacent to Maerkle Reservoir Water Reservoir adjacent to Maerkle Reservoir Water Reservoir adjacent to Maerkle Reservoir This water reservoir project is located in an area known to support coastal sage scrub and annual non-native grasslands. California gnatcatchers are also known from this area. There are no HMP conservation designations likely to affect this project component. Recommended focused surveys include project-level vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher and spring rare plant surveys. Component 29 Component 29 Component 29 Component 29 ---- Pump Station Improvements at Maerkle Pump Station Pump Station Improvements at Maerkle Pump Station Pump Station Improvements at Maerkle Pump Station Pump Station Improvements at Maerkle Pump Station Although this project component includes improvements to an existing PS facility, the PS is located within an annual non-native grassland but adjacent to coastal sage scrub. As such, expansion of the facility may affect existing biological resources. California gnatcatchers are also known from this area. No HMP conservation designations have been proposed for this area. Recommended focused surveys include project-level vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher and spring rare plant surveys. Component 30 Component 30 Component 30 Component 30 ---- Gross Pressure Reducing Station Improvements Gross Pressure Reducing Station Improvements Gross Pressure Reducing Station Improvements Gross Pressure Reducing Station Improvements This facility is located within agricultural and disturbed habitat areas with no known occurrence of sensitive species. However, the area is a proposed standards area under 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-17 the Draft Carlsbad HMP. Therefore it is recommended that focused surveys include project-level vegetation mapping and potential sensitive species assessment. Component 32 Component 32 Component 32 Component 32 ---- Foussat Road Foussat Road Foussat Road Foussat Road Well AbandonmentsWell AbandonmentsWell AbandonmentsWell Abandonments This well abandonment project is located in the City of Oceanside within areas mapped as annual non-native grassland. Occurrences of sensitive species are limited to the adjacent San Luis Rey River and include riparian species such as the federally-listed endangered least Bell’s vireo, and yellow-breasted chat. Furthermore, the project is located within Offsite Mitigation Zone I under the Draft Oceanside Subarea Plan of the MHCP. This zone allows for development but does have specific mitigation requirements for permanent impacts to habitats including annual non-native grassland. As such, the project should be evaluated to determine appropriate methods of reducing potential adverse indirect impacts on adjacent sensitive riparian habitats. Recommended focused surveys include project-level vegetation mapping and potential sensitive species assessment. The project is currently being investigated by the City in a Mitigated Negative Declaration. Component 33 Component 33 Component 33 Component 33 ---- Calavera Reservoir Improveme Calavera Reservoir Improveme Calavera Reservoir Improveme Calavera Reservoir Improvementsntsntsnts The Lake Calavera Reservoir supports numerous sensitive biological resources including coastal sage scrub, southern mixed chaparral, oak woodland, open water, and riparian scrub habitats. Sensitive species recorded for this area includes the California gnatcatcher. Much of the habitat associated with the reservoir is within an existing hardline conservation area and is a designated mitigation bank. As such, proposed improvements would need to be evaluated with focused surveys to include project-level vegetation mapping, vernal pool assessment, least Bell’s vireo, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys. Component 34 Component 34 Component 34 Component 34 ---- Oceanside Intertie Upgrade Oceanside Intertie Upgrade Oceanside Intertie Upgrade Oceanside Intertie Upgrade This proposed upgrade is within an area mapped as annual non-native grassland. The area does not have any documented sensitive species occurrences or HMP conservation designations. However, the project should be evaluated within project-level vegetation mapping and potential sensitive species assessment. Sewer Master Plan ComponentsSewer Master Plan ComponentsSewer Master Plan ComponentsSewer Master Plan Components 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-18 ComponenComponenComponenComponent 2 t 2 t 2 t 2 ---- North Agua Hedionda Interceptor Rehabilitation North Agua Hedionda Interceptor Rehabilitation North Agua Hedionda Interceptor Rehabilitation North Agua Hedionda Interceptor Rehabilitation ---- West West West West SegmentSegmentSegmentSegment This project is currently under evaluation at the EIR level with project-specific vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, and focused sensitive species surveys. The project has the potential to affect coastal sage scrub, coastal salt marsh, intertidal habitat, California gnatcatcher, and an existing hardline conservation area. Recommended focused surveys to be included in the EIR evaluation include project- level vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, California gnatcatcher, potential sensitive shorebird species assessment, and spring rare plant surveys. Component 3 Component 3 Component 3 Component 3 ---- North Agua Hedionda Interceptor Rehabilitation North Agua Hedionda Interceptor Rehabilitation North Agua Hedionda Interceptor Rehabilitation North Agua Hedionda Interceptor Rehabilitation ---- East Segment East Segment East Segment East Segment This project component has also undergone project-specific evaluation. In mid-2003, the City filed a Notice of Exemption for this project. By design, the construction methods are to avoid all impacts to sensitive biological resources. As part of the Exemption, CDFG issued a set of conditions that must be met during the construction phase. Component 4 Component 4 Component 4 Component 4 ---- North Agua Hedionda Trunk Sewer North Agua Hedionda Trunk Sewer North Agua Hedionda Trunk Sewer North Agua Hedionda Trunk Sewer This project involves construction of 5,000 feet of gravity sewer pipeline adjacent to coastal sage scrub supporting California gnatcatcher. The adjacent habitat areas also contain standards and existing hardline conservation designations. As such, the project should be evaluated with focused surveys including project-level vegetation mapping and California gnatcatcher. Component 5 Component 5 Component 5 Component 5 ---- North Batiquitos Interceptor Rehabilitat North Batiquitos Interceptor Rehabilitat North Batiquitos Interceptor Rehabilitat North Batiquitos Interceptor Rehabilitationionionion This interceptor sewer would be located on the north shore of Batiquitos Lagoon where existing mapped resources include coastal sage scrub, maritime succulent scrub, eucalyptus woodland, California gnatcatcher, Belding’s savannah sparrow, California least tern, western snowy plover, California adolphia, and wart-stemmed ceanothus. In addition, the lagoon habitat is designated as an existing hardline conservation area. Recommended focused surveys include project-level vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, California gnatcatcher, potential sensitive shorebird species assessment, and spring rare plant surveys. Component 9 Component 9 Component 9 Component 9 ---- Home Plant Lift Station Home Plant Lift Station Home Plant Lift Station Home Plant Lift Station 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-19 This lift station is located in a developed area but is adjacent to coastal sage scrub within an existing hardline conservation area. Although no sensitive species are known from this area, recommended focused surveys include project-level vegetation mapping and potential sensitive species assessment. Component 10 Component 10 Component 10 Component 10 ---- La Costa Meadows Sewer Extension La Costa Meadows Sewer Extension La Costa Meadows Sewer Extension La Costa Meadows Sewer Extension This lift station removal and installation of 600 feet of gravity sewer occurs in an area supporting coastal sage scrub habitat. Although it appears that the sewer can be constructed in the El Fuerte Street right-of-way, the street is surrounded by coastal sage scrub with recorded sensitive species including San Diego thorn-mint and orange- throated whiptail and an existing hardline designation. As such the project should be evaluated for potential direct and indirect impacts utilizing project-level vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys. Component 13 Component 13 Component 13 Component 13 ---- Various Sewer Line Refurbishment/Replacement Various Sewer Line Refurbishment/Replacement Various Sewer Line Refurbishment/Replacement Various Sewer Line Refurbishment/Replacement Implementation of these project components shall be conducted such that each proposed work area is adequately evaluated for potential sensitive habitat and species occurrence prior to initiation of work. Methods for impact avoidance and reduction shall be implemented during refurbishment and replacement procedures. These avoidance and impact reducing measures may include hand clearing of vegetation to stumps versus mechanical clearing for access, application of erosion control measures utilizing native seed mixes or existing biomass, and general employee training and awareness of sensitive biological resources. Component 14 Component 14 Component 14 Component 14 ---- Vis Vis Vis Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor Reaches VC1 and VC2ta/Carlsbad Interceptor Reaches VC1 and VC2ta/Carlsbad Interceptor Reaches VC1 and VC2ta/Carlsbad Interceptor Reaches VC1 and VC2 This project includes the rehabilitation of over 9,000 feet of pipeline and 25 manholes. The pipeline currently transverses coastal sage scrub and riparian scrub habitat along Buena Vista Lagoon. Known sensitive species in this area include California gnatcatcher, least Bell’s vireo, and various raptor species. The lagoon is mainly within an existing hardline conservation area, but standards areas are also designated along the sewer alignment. Recommended focused surveys include project-level vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, California gnatcatcher, least Bell’s vireo, and spring rare plant surveys. Component 16 Component 16 Component 16 Component 16 ---- Vancouver Lift Station Vancouver Lift Station Vancouver Lift Station Vancouver Lift Station 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-20 This project component includes removal of an existing lift station and construction of 300 feet of gravity sewer. The project appears to only affect annual non-native grassland within a standards area. No sensitive species are recorded from this area. Recommended focused surveys include project-level vegetation mapping and potential sensitive species assessment. Component 22 Component 22 Component 22 Component 22 ---- North Batiquitos Lift Station North Batiquitos Lift Station North Batiquitos Lift Station North Batiquitos Lift Station The lift station is located away from the riparian and tidal portions of the Batiquitos Lagoon but is in an area where coastal sage scrub and annual non-native grassland are mapped. The area is within an existing hardline conservation area and is known to support California gnatcatcher. As such, recommended focused surveys include project- level vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys. Component 23 Component 23 Component 23 Component 23 ---- Carlsbad Trunk Sewer Carlsbad Trunk Sewer Carlsbad Trunk Sewer Carlsbad Trunk Sewer This proposed 2,000-foot pipeline may affect southern mixed chaparral and coastal sage scrub within existing hardline and standards areas. California gnatcatcher and California adolphia are known to exist in this location. Recommended focused surveys include project-level vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys. Component 28 Component 28 Component 28 Component 28 ---- Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor Reaches VC3Reaches VC3Reaches VC3Reaches VC3 This sewer line runs along the southern edge of Buena Vista Lagoon and as such has the potential to impact coastal sage scrub and riparian scrub supporting California gnatcatcher. The line also transverses existing hardline conservation areas. Recommended focused surveys include project-level vegetation mapping, California gnatcatcher, and spring rare plant surveys. Component 29 Component 29 Component 29 Component 29 ---- Buena Vista Lift Station Upgrade Buena Vista Lift Station Upgrade Buena Vista Lift Station Upgrade Buena Vista Lift Station Upgrade This lift station is located on the southeast shore of Buena Vista Lagoon. Adjacent resources include freshwater marsh and mapped localities of California least tern, light- footed clapper rail, several raptor species, and California gnatcatcher. This area is also designated as an existing hardline conservation area. Recommended focused surveys include project-level vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, California gnatcatcher, potential sensitive shorebird species assessment, and spring rare plant surveys. 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-21 Component 30 Component 30 Component 30 Component 30 ---- Buena Vista Lift Station Forcemain Buena Vista Lift Station Forcemain Buena Vista Lift Station Forcemain Buena Vista Lift Station Forcemain This project component is located within the same area as Component 29 described above. As such recommended focused surveys are the same and include project-level vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, California gnatcatcher, potential sensitive shorebird species assessment, and spring rare plant surveys. Component 31 Component 31 Component 31 Component 31 ---- Vista/Carlsbad Inte Vista/Carlsbad Inte Vista/Carlsbad Inte Vista/Carlsbad Interceptor Reach 11Brceptor Reach 11Brceptor Reach 11Brceptor Reach 11B This project component includes replacement of 915 feet of 54-inch pipe and a bridge crossing. Existing habitats in this area include coastal sage scrub, coastal salt marsh, and eucalyptus woodland. No sensitive species are recorded for this area; however, it is within an existing hardline conservation area. Recommended focused surveys include project-level vegetation mapping, wetlands delineation, California gnatcatcher, potential sensitive shorebird species assessment, and spring rare plant surveys. 4.3.4 4.3.4 4.3.4 4.3.4 Mitigation MeasuresMitigation MeasuresMitigation MeasuresMitigation Measures The 26 project components found to have a potentially significant impact to biological resources require mitigation measures. The determination of final mitigation for each project component shall first consider the project design features identified in Table 2-5. Mitigation would then follow the guidelines discussed below but also shall be based on project-level resource evaluation. The project-level evaluation would be more detailed and may result in a finding of no significant impact, and in that event, would not require mitigation. However, at this program level of analysis, each of the components identified as having a significant impact to biological resources would require mitigation. Following project-level resource mapping and identification of precise implementation methods and location, significant adverse impacts to biological resources can generally be avoided or mitigated through incorporation of one or all of the following measures: ! Avoidance and minimization of impacts through project redesign or implementation of construction restrictions including seasonal restrictions (these measures would likely need to be ensured through construction monitoring adjacent to sensitive resource areas); ! Conservation of like habitat near to project impact area through dedication of a conservation easement and management endowment; and/or 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-22 ! Enhancement, restoration, and/or creation of habitats affected by the project with methodologies approved by the City and resource agencies. Project impacts and resultant mitigation requirements will be evaluated under CEQA, the Porter-Cologne Act, federal Clean Water Act, the California Fish and Game Code, the state and federal Endangered Species Acts, and the Natural Communities Conservation Act. Impacts to jurisdictional wetlands are regulated by two state agencies and one federal agency: the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB), CDFG, and ACOE, respectively. Authorization of impacts to jurisdictional wetlands occurs through issuance of a Section 401 Water Quality Certification and/or Waste Discharge Requirement by RWQCB, Streambed Alternation Agreement by CDFG, and Section 404 Nationwide or Individual Permit by ACOE. Each of these agencies implement a policy of “no net loss” of jurisdictional wetlands and therefore require that all permanent impacts be mitigated through the creation of like habitat at a ratio of at least 1:1. Impacts are often mitigated through a combination of wetlands creation and enhancement at a combined ratio between 2:1 and 5:1 depending on the rarity or sensitivity of the habitat as well as temporal loss. Currently, Take Authorization for listed species proposed for coverage under the Carlsbad HMP has not been issued, therefore projects which may impact any state or federally listed species must obtain permit authorization from the resource agencies. The permit authorization may occur through Section 4(d), Section 7, or Section 10(a) by USFWS, or Section 2080.1 or 2081 by CDFG. Section 4(d) is reserved for impacts to coastal sage scrub under the Interim Habitat Loss Permit guidelines. These guidelines allow for take of five percent of coastal sage scrub habitat from the time of NCCP enrollment until Take Authorization is granted through an approved Subarea Plan (i.e., HMP). Section 7 is the authorization mechanism where another federal agency is involved in the project. Typically this agency is the ACOE. Section 10(a) is employed when authorization is granted through a Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP) for the affected species. In cases where the species affected is both state and federally listed, CDFG is consulted throughout the process but only issues a 2081 Consistency Determination. If the species is only state listed, CDFG must issue a 2080.1 take authorization. Take Authorization thresholds are different for the various permit methods described above, but generally involve the avoidance and minimization of impacts and mitigation 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-23 for unavoidable impacts. For most species, mitigation occurs in the form of habitat conservation and/or restoration (where temporary impacts would occur). This habitat conservation must be like habitat supporting an equal or greater number of species than that impacted by the project. Any Take Authorization will likely include evaluation of the project in the context of the proposed HMP such that implementation of the project does not preclude assemblage of the reserve. Once Take Authorization has been issued for the HMP, impacts to covered species may be permitted without consultation of the resource agencies. The HMP may contain conditional coverage for species and therefore the project would need to be evaluated under the conditions to determine if take is in fact authorized. These conditions may include whether or not the species’ locality subject to impacts is within or outside a designated conservation area, whether specific siting criteria have been implemented to reduce potential impacts, and whether seasonal avoidance is being proposed. Although take may be authorized by the HMP, mitigation may still be required on a project-level basis. This mitigation will likely involve dedication of open space within the identified reserve area and/or enhancement of habitats within the reserve. 4.34.34.34.3.5.5.5.5 Residual Impact After MitigationResidual Impact After MitigationResidual Impact After MitigationResidual Impact After Mitigation Implementation of the suggested mitigation measures would reduce impacts to less than significant. 4.3 Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.3-24 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-1 4.44.44.44.4 CULTURAL RESOURCESCULTURAL RESOURCESCULTURAL RESOURCESCULTURAL RESOURCES The purpose of this cultural resource section is to assess general cultural resource conditions and identify potential cultural resources within the vicinity of water and sewer master plan components. Paleontological resources are also addressed. The cultural resource information used in this analysis is from the May 2003 City of Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plans Cultural Resource Background Study prepared by Gallegos and Associates for this Program EIR (Appendix B). Detailed references to specific previous studies used to prepare the Cultural Resources Study can be found in that appendix. Cultural resource field reconnaissance work was not performed for each master plan component as part of this Program EIR. The Cultural Resources Study included archaeological record and data review of the project areas to determine the recorded patterns of cultural resources within the study area boundaries. From this information and current aerial photographs of the project locations, assessments could be made regarding the potential for cultural resources within the general vicinity of pipelines and facilities. This information also indicated where existing development has precluded the possibility of any cultural resources. A record search was conducted at the South Coastal Information Center at San Diego State University and Gallegos & Associates library. The record searches principally focused on the locational information for recorded sites. The data from the Information Center was transferred onto the project maps to assess possible conflicts with proposed master plan components. The data was also compared to the project aerial photograph series to determine where recorded archaeological sites were destroyed by previous development. No surveys were conducted for this Program EIR, principally due to the number of projects and miles of project components. As such, this section will identify those project components that would require additional cultural resource investigation when more detailed project design information becomes available. 4.4.14.4.14.4.14.4.1 Existing Conditions/Setting Existing Conditions/Setting Existing Conditions/Setting Existing Conditions/Setting Cultural ResourcesCultural ResourcesCultural ResourcesCultural Resources The City of Carlsbad has a very rich and extensive record of prehistoric activity. A summary of the historic setting of previous populations is presented below; Appendix B contains a complete description of the historic setting, as well as a complete set of references cited in this section. 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-2 Background Background Background Background ---- Prehistory Prehistory Prehistory Prehistory The body of current research of prehistoric occupation in San Diego County recognizes the existence of at least two major cultural traditions, discussed here as Early Period/Archaic and Late Period, based upon general economic trends and material culture. Within San Diego County, the Archaic generally spans the period from 10,000 to 1300 years ago, while the Late Period spans from 1300 years ago to historic contact. The Historic Period covers the time from Spanish contact to present. Early Period/ArchaicEarly Period/ArchaicEarly Period/ArchaicEarly Period/Archaic The Early Period/Archaic, for this discussion, includes the San Dieguito and La Jolla complexes, which are poorly defined, as are the interrelationship between contemporaneous inland, desert, and coastal assemblages (Gallegos 1987). Initially believed to represent big game hunters, the San Dieguito are better typified as a hunting and gathering society. These people had a relatively diverse and non-specialized economy in which relatively mobile bands accessed and used a wide range of plant, animal, and lithic resources. Movement of early groups into San Diego County may have been spurred by the gradual desiccation of the vast pluvial lake system that dominated inland basins and valleys during the last altithermal period. This hypothesis is supported by the similarity between Great Basin assemblages and those of early Holocene Archaic sites in San Diego County. Several researchers recognized the regional similarity of artifacts and grouped these contemporaneous complexes under the nomenclature of either the Western Pluvial Lakes Tradition or the Western Lithic Co-tradition (Bedwell 1970; Davis et al. 1969; Rogers 1939; Warren 1967; Moratto 1984). The origin of coastal populations and subsequent interaction between the coastal population and Great Basin/desert groups is a subject of some debate (Gallegos 1987). Whatever their origin, the first occupants immediately exploited the coastal and inland resources of plants, animals, shellfish, and fish (Moriarty 1967; Kaldenberg 1982; Gallegos 1991; Kyle et al. 1998). The development of a generalized economic system indicates that the San Dieguito and related groups can be placed within the general Archaic pattern. Archaic cultures occur within North America at slightly different times in different areas, but are generally correlated with local economic specialization growing out of the earlier Paleo-Indian Tradition (Willig, Aikens and Fagan1988). Archaic cultures are often represented by more diverse artifact assemblages and more complex regional variation than occur in 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-3 Paleo-Indian traditions. This is generally thought to have resulted from the gradual shift away from a herd-based hunting focus to a more diverse and area specific economy. The earliest sites are found near coastal lagoons and river valleys of San Diego County. These sites are the Harris Site (CA-SDI-149), Agua Hedionda Sites (CA-SDI-210/UCLJ- M-15 and CA-SDI-10695), Rancho Park North (CA-SDI-4392/SDM-W-49), and Remington Hills (CA-SDI-11069), dating from 9500 to 8000 years B.P. The northern San Diego County coastal lagoons supported large populations, circa 6000 years ago, as shown by the numerous radiocarbon dated sites adjacent to these lagoons. After 3000 years ago, there is a general absence of archaeological sites in north San Diego County to circa 1500 years ago. This reduction in number of archaeological sites can be attributed to the siltation of coastal lagoons and depletion of shellfish and other lagoon resources (Warren and Pavesic 1963; Miller 1966; Gallegos 1985). Archaeological sites dated to circa 2000 years ago are found closer to San Diego Bay, where shellfish were still abundant and may well represent what can be considered the end of the La Jolla Complex (Gallegos and Kyle 1988). The La Jolla and Pauma complexes, which are identified as following the San Dieguito Complex, may simply represent seasonal or geographic variations of the somewhat older and more general San Dieguito Complex. Inland La Jolla occupation sites have been reported in transverse valleys and sheltered canyons (True 1959; Warren et al. 1961; Meighan 1954). These non-coastal sites were termed “Pauma Complex” by True (1959), Warren et al. (1961), and Meighan (1954). Pauma Complex sites by definition have a predominance of grinding implements (manos and metates), lack shellfish remains, have greater tool variety, seem to express a more sedentary occupation, and have an emphasis on both gathering and hunting (True 1959; Warren 1961; Meighan 1954). Archaic sites from 10,000 to 1300 years ago within San Diego County include coastal habitation sites, inland hunting and milling camps, and lithic quarry sites. Material cultural assemblages during this long period are remarkably similar in many respects. These deposits may well represent a process of relative terrestrial economic stability and presumably slow cultural change. Though various culture traits developed or disappeared during the long span of 10,000 to 1300 years ago, there is a clear pattern of cultural continuity during this period. Late PeriodLate PeriodLate PeriodLate Period During the Late Period (circa 1300 to historic contact), a material culture pattern 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-4 similar to that of historic Native Americans first becomes apparent in the archaeological record. The economic pattern during this period appears to be one of more intensive and efficient exploitation of local resources. The prosperity of these highly refined economic patterns is well evidenced by the numerous Kumeyaay/Diegueño and Luiseño habitation sites scattered over San Diego County. This increase in Late Period site density probably reflects better preservation of the more recent archaeological record and a gradual population increase within the region. Artifacts and cultural patterns reflecting this Late Prehistoric pattern include small projectile points, pottery, the establishment of permanent or semi-permanent seasonal village sites, a proliferation of acorn milling sites in the uplands, the appearance of obsidian from Obsidian Butte, and interment by cremation. Many of the Late Prehistoric culture patterns in southern California were shared with groups along the eastern periphery of the region. Even in the most recent periods, the Native Americans of southern California incorporated many elements of their neighbors’ culture into their own cultures. This transference and melding of cultural traits between neighboring groups makes positive associations of archaeological deposits with particular ethnographically known cultures difficult. This is particularly true of the groups within San Diego County. Though significant differences exist between Luiseño and Kumeyaay/Diegueño cultures (including linguistic stock), the long interaction of these groups during the Late Period resulted in the exchange of many social patterns. Archaeologists must rely heavily on ethnographic accounts of group boundaries as recorded during the historic period, although it is not known how long these boundaries had been in place or the validity of these boundaries as presently reported. The project area falls within Luiseño territory as defined by Kroeber (1925). As a result of contact with Spanish, Mexican and American settlers, Native American populations were decimated by resettlement and disease. Presently, Native Americans are found throughout San Diego County, especially within the 17 San Diego County reservations. HistoricalHistoricalHistoricalHistorical Background Background Background Background An abbreviated history of Spanish, Mexican and American settlement in San Diego County is presented, taken from Gallegos et al. 1993, for the purpose of providing a background for discussion of the presence, chronological significance and historical relationship of historical resources within the project area. The history of San Diego County is commonly presented in terms of Spanish, Mexican and American political domination. A discussion of historic land use and occupation under periods of political 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-5 rule by people of European and Mexican origin is justified on the basis of characteristics associated with each period, when economic, political and social activities were influenced by the prevailing laws and customs. Certain themes are common to all periods, such as the development of transportation, settlement, and agriculture. Robinson (1979) provides a comprehensive account of public and privately owned land in California, with a discussion of laws, activities and events related to the development of the State. Spanish Period (1769Spanish Period (1769Spanish Period (1769Spanish Period (1769----1821)1821)1821)1821) The Spanish Period represents: exploration; establishment of the San Diego Presidio, and the San Diego and San Luis Rey missions; the introduction of horses, cattle, and agricultural goods; and, a new method of building construction and architectural style. Spanish influence continued after 1821, when California became a part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the missions continued to operate as in the past, and laws governing the distribution of land were also retained for a period of time. Mexican Period (1821Mexican Period (1821Mexican Period (1821Mexican Period (1821----1848)1848)1848)1848) The Mexican Period includes the initial retention of Spanish laws and practices until shortly before secularization of the San Diego Mission in 1834, a decade after Spanish rule. Although several grants of land were made prior to 1834, vast tracts of land were dispersed through land grants offered after secularization. Cattle ranching prevailed over agricultural activities and the development of the hide and tallow trade increased during the early part of this period. The Pueblo of San Diego was established and transportation routes were expanded. The Mexican Period ended as a result of the Mexican-American War. American Period (1848 to Present)American Period (1848 to Present)American Period (1848 to Present)American Period (1848 to Present) The American Period began when Mexico ceded California to the United States under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Terms of the treaty brought about creation of the Lands Commission, in response to the Homestead Act of 1851, that was adopted as a means of validating land ownership throughout the state through settlement of land claims. Few Mexican ranchos remained intact because of legal costs and lack of sufficient evidence to prove title claims. Much of the land that once constituted rancho holdings became available for settlement by immigrants to California. The influx of people to California and the San Diego region was the result of various factors, including the discovery of gold in the state; the conclusion of the Civil War; the availability of free 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-6 land through passage of the Homestead Act; and, later, the importance of the county as an agricultural area supported by roads, irrigation systems, and connecting railways. The growth and decline of towns occurred in response to an increased population and the economic boom and bust cycle in the late 1800s. Paleontological ResourcesPaleontological ResourcesPaleontological ResourcesPaleontological Resources The following discussion presents those rock formations considered high to moderately sensitive in paleontological resources. Unnamed Pleistocene Terrace DepositsUnnamed Pleistocene Terrace DepositsUnnamed Pleistocene Terrace DepositsUnnamed Pleistocene Terrace Deposits The Coastal Plain Province of San Diego County is characterized by a “stair-step” sequence of elevated marine terraces (uplifted sea floors) and associated marine and non-marine sedimentary covers. These deposits show a direct correlation between elevation and geologic age; the lowest terraces are the youngest, and the highest terraces are the oldest. These deposits consist primarily of poorly indurated claystones and friable sandstones which form a sedimentary veneer. The unnamed Pleistocene terrace deposits often consist of a basal nearshore marine stratigraphic unit and an upper non-marine stratigraphic unit. The basal unit has produced large and diverse assemblages of marine invertebrate fossils such as mollusks, crustaceans, and echinoids as well as sparse remains of marine vertebrates such as sharks, rays, and bony fish. The upper unit has produced sparse remains of terrestrial mammals such as camel, horse, and mammoth. It is unclear whether the terrace deposits represent nearshore marine or non-marine units discussed above. In either case, no fossils are reported from these exposed terrace deposits. Based on the sedimentary origin of these deposits and the published fossil record, they are assigned a moderate resource sensitivity. Unnamed Pleistocene Lagoonal DepositsUnnamed Pleistocene Lagoonal DepositsUnnamed Pleistocene Lagoonal DepositsUnnamed Pleistocene Lagoonal Deposits This interbedded unit of poorly consolidated dark-gray claystone, siltstones, and clayey sandstones underlies the unnamed Pleistocene terrace deposits. These deposits have a patchy distribution. Estuarine mollusks have been reported from Pleistocene lagoonal deposits occurring in the north San Diego County region. Geotechnical testing resulted in the discovery of fossil plant material in these lagoonal deposits. The recovery of leaves of terrestrial 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-7 plants and shells of estuarine mollusks from these deposits suggests a moderate resource sensitivity rating. Santiago FormationSantiago FormationSantiago FormationSantiago Formation Middle Eocene sedimentary rocks in north San Diego County have been assigned to the Santiago Formation, with three members (“A,” “B” and “C”) recognized in the Encinitas- Oceanside area. Member “B” of the Santiago Formation consists largely of green and gray, very fine- to medium-grained, arkosic sandstone, with common calcite-cemented concretions and frequent interbed of multi-colored clayey sandstone and claystone. Member “B” of the Santiago Formation has produced well-preserved vertebrate fossils from numerous localities in Carlsbad and Oceanside including snakes, turtles, opossums, insectivores, bats, primates, rodents, carnivores, tapirs, brontotheres, rhinoceros, uintathere, protoreodonts, leptoreodonts, and oromerycid artiodatyls. The mammalian fauna is especially significant as it contains a mosaic of archaic and advanced species, and serves to document an important period in mammal evolutionary history. Also recovered from Member “B” deposits are the remains of various types of marine and estuarine mollusks. Fossils of terrestrial vertebrates have been found in the Santiago Formation which include the remains of extinct rhinoceros, carnivores, tortoise, brontothere, tapirs, and rodents. To the west, this formation grades upward into a shallow marine environment containing fossil clams, snails, sea urchins, sharks, and batray teeth. Member "B" of the Santiago Formation is assigned a high paleontological resource sensitivity. 4.4.24.4.24.4.24.4.2 Significance CrSignificance CrSignificance CrSignificance Criteriaiteriaiteriaiteria The project components would have a significant effect related to cultural resources/paleontology if it would: $ Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource as defined in CEQA Guidelines §15064.5; $ Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archeological resource pursuant to CEQA Guidelines §15064.5; $ Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries; or 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-8 $ Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic feature. 4.4.34.4.34.4.34.4.3 Impact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact Analysis Cultural ResourcesCultural ResourcesCultural ResourcesCultural Resources The literature review and record search identified 87 previously prepared cultural resource studies conducted within or immediately adjacent to the project study area. Based on these studies, a total of 63 cultural resource sites have been identified within the study area. Of the 63 sites, 9 sites were identified as not significant, 4 sites were identified as significant, 48 sites were identified as unknown site status, and 2 sites were identified as unknown site status for portions of the site. Of the 63 sites, a total of 33 sites have been recorded within the Water Master Plan Update study area, and a total of 34 sites have been recorded within the Sewer Master Plan Update study area. Data gaps include the unevenness of the archaeological record and varied quality of the previously recorded cultural resource database. A list of the known cultural resource sites that would be potentially affected by various project components in the proposed Master Plan Updates are identified in Tables 4.4-1 and 4.4-2 below. As such, the project components listed in the tables below have the potential to result in significant impacts to cultural resources. Detailed information on each of these sites is available in Appendix B of this EIR. In addition, Tables S-1 and S-2 summarize the cultural resource impacts and mitigation for each project component within the proposed Master Plan Updates. TABLE 4.4-1 CULTURAL RESOURCE SITES WITHIN OR ADJACENT TO THE WATER MASTER PLAN UPDATE STUDY AREA Water Project Component Number Site Number Site Type Condition CA-SDI-5651 Habitation Disturbed1 CA-SDI-6139 Habitation Disturbed 2 No sites 3 No sites 4 No sites 5 No sites 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-9 CA-SDI-5416 Artifact scatter; Milling stations Disturbed6 CA-SDI-5436 Artifact scatter Unknown TABLE 4.4-1 (Continued) Water Project Component Number Site Number Site Type Condition CA-SDI-9615 Artifact scatter Disturbed 7 CA-SDI-15069 Artifact scatter; Milling stations Fair CA-SDI-15073 Artifact scatter; Milling stations Disturbed 8 P-37-018284 Artifact scatter Unknown CA-SDI-16135 Artifact scatter Fair 9 P-37-024329 Historic structure Good CA-SDI-9092 Artifact scatter Disturbed CA-SDI-9094 Artifact scatter Good CA-SDI-15545 Artifact scatter Disturbed 10 CA-SDI-15546 Artifact scatter Disturbed 11 No sites 12 CA-SDI-9041 Lithic scatter Disturbed 13 No sites CA-SDI-16048 Habitation Disturbed CA-SDI-16049 Habitation Disturbed CA-SDI-16054 Habitation Disturbed P-37-024176 Unknown Unknown 14 P-37-024171 Unknown Unknown 15 CA-SDI-12739 Lithic scatter Disturbed 16 CA-SDI-4852 Lithic scatter Disturbed CA-SDI-6821 Artifact scatter Disturbed CA-SDI-8195 Artifact scatter Disturbed 17 CA-SDI-1016 Shell scatter Disturbed 18 No sites 19 No sites 20 No sites 21 No sites 22 CA-SDI-11026 Artifact scatter Disturbed CA-SDI-6135 Artifact scatter Disturbed 23 CA-SDI-9653 Artifact scatter Disturbed 24 No sites 25 CA-SDI-8195 Artifact scatter Disturbed 26 No sites 27 CA-SDI-6819 Artifact scatter Disturbed 28 No sites 29 No sites 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-10 TABLE 4.4-1 (Continued) Water Project Component Number Site Number Site Type Condition 30 No sites 31 No sites 32 No sites 33 CA-SDI-5793 Historic Unknown 34 No sites 35 CA-SDI-15069 Artifact scatter, milling stations, historic Fair 36 CA-SDI-5431 Unknown Unknown F1 No sites F2 CA-SDI-10746 Artifact scatter Disturbed F3 No sites F4 No sites F5 No sites F6 No sites F7 No sites F8 No sites F9 No sites F10 No sites F11 No sites F12 CA-SDI-13701 Habitation Disturbed F13 No sites F14 No sites TABLE 4.4-2 CULTURAL RESOURCE SITES WITHIN OR ADJACENT TO THE SEWER MASTER PLAN UPDATE STUDY AREA Sewer Project Component Number Site Number Site Type Condition 1 CA-SDI-760 Artifact scatter Disturbed 2 CA-SDI-13701 Habitation Disturbed CA-SDI-209 Artifact scatter Disturbed CA-SDI-6140 Artifact scatter Disturbed 3 CA-SDI-9654 Artifact scatter Disturbed 4 No sites CA-SDI-608 Artifact scatter Disturbed 5 CA-SDI-694 Artifact scatter Disturbed 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-11 CA-SDI-6823 Shell Scatter Disturbed TABLE 4.4-2 (Continued) Sewer Project Component Number Site Number Site Type Condition CA-SDI-6826 Artifact scatter Disturbed CA-SDI-11953 Artifact scatter Disturbed CA-SDI-12807 Habitation Disturbed 5 CA-SDI-12810 Artifact scatter Disturbed 6 No sites CA-SDI-6751 Shell scatter Disturbed 7 P-37-15325 Isolate Disturbed 8 No sites 9 No sites 10 CA-SDI-9846 Artifact scatter Disturbed 11 No sites 12 CA-SDI-4858 Shell Scatter Good 13 N/A CA-SDI-628 Artifact scatter Disturbed CA-SDI-5652 Habitation Disturbed CA-SDI-9472 Artifact scatter Disturbed CA-SDI-9473 Artifact scatter Good CA-SDI-9474 Historic Disturbed 14 CA-SDI-9967 Habitation Disturbed 15 No sites 16 CA-SDI-9472 Artifact scatter Disturbed 17 CA-SDI-5601 Unknown Unknown 18 No sites 19 CA-SDI-5440 Shell Scatter Unknown 20 No sites 21 No sites 22 No sites CA-SDI-5601 Unknown Unknown 23 CA-SDI-5651 Habitation Disturbed 24 N/A 25 N/A 26 N/A 27 N/A 28 No sites 29 No sites 30 CA-SDI-629 Artifact scatter Destroyed 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-12 TABLE 4.4-2 (Continued) Sewer Project Component Number Site Number Site Type Condition 31 CA-SDI-210 Unknown Unknown CA-SDI-6751 Shell scatter Disturbed 31 P-37-15325 Isolate Disturbed 32 No sites 33 No sites CA-SDI-6133 Artifact scatter Disturbed CA-SDI-5353 Artifact scatter Disturbed CA-SDI-6135 Artifact scatter Disturbed CA-SDI-9653 Artifact scatter Disturbed CA-SDI-10671 Artifact scatter Disturbed CA-SDI-10672 Artifact scatter Disturbed 34 CA-SDI-13008 Artifact scatter Disturbed Paleontological ResourcesPaleontological ResourcesPaleontological ResourcesPaleontological Resources Implementation of the proposed Master Plan facilities could involve grading and excavation activities within fossil-bearing geologic formations which could potentially impact significant paleontological resources. Specific locations of potential impact would be those locations considered to be high- to moderately sensitive in paleontological resources. It should be noted that specific information would become available at the time of grading. Construction of new facilities may disturb fossil-bearing geological strata in almost any location in the city. Pipelines are generally constructed in road rights-of -way or existing easements where strata have already been disturbed, so that the potential for intact fossils representing significant paleontological information is low. The same condition will prevail at sites of lift stations, reservoirs, and pump stations where prior construction has extensively disturbed the underlying earth materials. 4.4.44.4.44.4.44.4.4 MitigatMitigatMitigatMitigation Measuresion Measuresion Measuresion Measures Cultural ResourcesCultural ResourcesCultural ResourcesCultural Resources Survey, testing, and mitigation programs (where necessary) are recommended for the cultural resources sites with undetermined site status and are based on CEQA and City 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-13 of Carlsbad Guidelines. For undeveloped lands, these consist of the project components which have not been previously surveyed, and due to the high sensitivity of prehistoric sites near lagoons, all project components within one-half mile of a lagoon. For all sites located within undeveloped land, surface collections should be used to determine the site limits and areas of artifact concentrations in order to ascertain placement of test units and shovel test pits (STPs) and/or backhoe trenches. Excavation units (1 x 1m) should be those areas where ground stone, fire-altered rock, or a concentration of flaked material occur. Backhoe trenching is recommended at those sites where deep subsurface deposits (i.e., historic privies or dumps or subsurface prehistoric deposits) are possible. For all sites located within developed land, a monitoring program is recommended during construction. Monitoring is recommended for sites that have been previously addressed as to mitigation of impacts through a data recovery program, as additional unknown buried deposits may still be present. For the historic sites, the test program should include a literature/historic files review, mapping of any remaining structures, and mechanical backhoe trenching when applicable for determining the location of historic dumps. Mitigation through data recovery and all reports should follow City of Carlsbad Guidelines (1980). The following recommended mitigation measures would reduce impacts identified above in Section 4.4.3 to less than significant. 1. Obtain permission from private landowners to survey the fields and yards in order to determine presence/absence of cultural resources. If cultural resources are located then mitigation measure [2] is recommended. 2. Test those sites that have not yet been tested so a determination of significance can be made. If the resource is determined to be significant, mitigate through avoidance. If avoidance is not feasible, then mitigation through a data recovery program (see mitigation measure [3]). 3. If site avoidance, the preferred mitigation measure, is not feasible, then a data recovery program should be completed to recover a large enough sample of cultural material so that information of importance in addressing regional research questions will not be irretrievable lost through impacts. 4. Provide a qualified archaeological monitor during construction so that buried cultural resources can be identified in the field. Upon identification, the resource should be tested (mitigation measure [2]) to determine significance with 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-14 appropriate mitigation measures as necessary. Monitoring ProgramMonitoring ProgramMonitoring ProgramMonitoring Program An additional mitigation measure is intended for many sites within the study area that are located within developed areas. For these sites, a monitoring program, rather than a test program, is recommended if construction is to occur within or adjacent to the site. Components of such a monitoring program would include, but not be limited to the following: Prior to Preconstruction (Precon) MeetingPrior to Preconstruction (Precon) MeetingPrior to Preconstruction (Precon) MeetingPrior to Preconstruction (Precon) Meeting 1. Planning Department Plan Check a. Prior to the first Precon Meeting, the Environmental Compliance Officer/Planner (ECO/P) of the Planning Department shall verify that the requirements for Archaeological Monitoring and Native American monitoring, if applicable, have been noted on the appropriate construction documents. 2. Submit Letter of Qualification to the Planning Department a. Prior to the first Precon Meeting, the applicant shall provide a letter of verification to the ECO/P stating that a qualified Archaeologist has been retained to implement the monitoring program. 3. Records Search Prior to Precon Meeting a. At least thirty days prior to the Precon Meeting the qualified Archaeologist shall verify that a records search has been completed and updated as necessary and be prepared to introduce any pertinent information concerning expectations and probabilities of discovery during trenching and/or grading activities. Verification includes, but is not limited to, a copy of a confirmation letter from South Coast Information Center or, if the search was in-house, a letter of verification from the Archaeologist stating that the search was completed. 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-15 Precon MeetingPrecon MeetingPrecon MeetingPrecon Meeting 1. Monitor Shall Attend Precon Meetings a. Prior to beginning any work that requires monitoring, the Applicant shall arrange a Precon Meeting that shall include the Archaeologist, Construction Manager and/or Grading Contractor. The qualified Archaeologist shall attend any grading related Precon Meetings to make comments and/or suggestions concerning the Archaeological Monitoring program with the Construction Manager and/or Grading Contractor. 2. Identify Areas to be Monitored a. At the Precon Meeting, the Archaeologist shall submit to ECO/P a copy of the site/grading plan (reduced to 11x17) that identifies areas to be monitored as well as areas that may require delineation of grading limits. During ConstructionDuring ConstructionDuring ConstructionDuring Construction 1. Monitor Shall be Present During Grading/Excavation The qualified Archaeologist shall be present full-time during grading/excavation of native soils and shall document activity via the Consultant Monitor Record. This record shall be sent to the ECO/P, as appropriate, each month. a. Monitoring Trenches Will Include Mainline, Laterals, and all Appurtenances. Monitoring of trenches is required for the mainline, laterals, services and all other appurtenances that impact native soils one foot deeper than existing as detailed on the plans or in the contract documents identified by drawing number or plan file number. It is the Construction Manager's responsibility to keep the monitors up-to-date with current plans. b. Discoveries Discovery Process In the event of a discovery, and when requested by the Archaeologist, or the Principal Investigator (PI) if the Monitor is not qualified as a PI, the 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-16 Construction Manager (CM), as appropriate, shall be contacted and shall divert, direct or temporarily halt ground disturbing activities in the area of discovery to allow for preliminary evaluation of potentially significant archaeological resources. The PI shall also immediately notify ECO/P of such findings at the time of discovery. b. Determination of Significance The significance of the discovered resources shall be determined by the PI. For significant archaeological resources, a Research Design and Data Recovery Program shall be prepared, approved by the agency and carried out to mitigate impacts before ground-disturbing activities in the area of discovery will be allowed to resume. c. Minor Discovery Process for Pipeline Projects For all projects: The following is a summary of the criteria and procedures related to the evaluation of small cultural resource deposits during excavation for pipelines. 2. Coordination and Notification a. Archaeological Monitor shall notify PI, CM and ECO/P, as appropriate. 3. Criteria used to Determine if it is a Small Cultural Resource Deposit a. The deposit is limited in size both in length and depth; and, b. The information value is limited and is not associated with any other resources; and, There are no unique features/artifacts associated with the deposit. c. A preliminary description and photographs, if available, shall be transmitted to ECO/P. d. The information will be forwarded to the Planning Department for consultation and verification that it is a small historic deposit. 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-17 4. Procedures for documentation, curation and reporting The following constitutes adequate mitigation of a small historic deposit to reduce impacts due to excavation activities to below a level of significance. a. 100 percent of the artifacts within the trench alignment and width shall be documented in-situ, to include photographic records, plan view of the trench and profiles of sidewalls, recovered, photographed after cleaning and analyzed and curated. b. The remainder of the deposit within the limits of excavation (trench walls) shall be left intact. c. The Final Results Report shall include a requirement for monitoring of any future work in the vicinity. 5. Human Remains If human remains are discovered, work shall halt in that area and procedures set forth in the California Public Resources Code (Sec. 5097.98) and State Health and Safety Code (Sec. 7050.5) as follows: a. Notification 1) Archaeological Monitor shall notify the PI, CM and ECO/P. 2) The PI shall notify the County Coroner after consultation. b. Stop work and isolate discovery site 1) CM/ECO/P, as appropriate, shall stop work immediately in the location of the discovery and any nearby area reasonably suspected to overlay adjacent human remains until a determination can be made by the County Coroner in consultation with the PI concerning the origin of the remains and the cause of death. 2) The County Coroner, in consultation with the PI, shall determine the need for a field investigation to examine the remains and establish a cause of death. 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-18 3) If a field investigation is not warranted, the PI, in consultation with the County Coroner, shall determine if the remains are of Native American origin. c. If Human Remains are Native American 1) The Coroner shall notify the Native American Historic Commission (NAHC). (By law, ONLY the Coroner can make this call.) 2) NAHC will identify the person or persons it believes to be the Most Likely Descendent (MLD). 3) The MLD may make recommendations to the landowner or PI responsible for the excavation work to determine the treatment, with appropriate dignity, of the human remains and any associated grave goods (PRC 5097.98). d. If Human Remains are not Native American 1) The PI shall contact the NAHC and notify them of the historical context of the burial. 2) NAHC will identify the person or persons it believes to be the MLD. 3) The MLD may make recommendations to the landowner or PI responsible for the excavation work to determine the treatment of the human remains (PRC 5097.98). 4) If the remains are of historic origin, they shall be appropriately removed and conveyed to the Museum of Man for analysis. The decision for reinterment of the human remains shall be made in consultation with ECO/P, the landowner, the NAHC and the Museum of Man. e. Disposition of Human Remains The landowner, or his authorized representative, shall reinter the Native American human remains and any associated grave goods, with appropriate dignity, on the property in a location not subject to further subsurface disturbance, IF: 1) The NAHC is unable to identify the MLD, OR the MLD failed to make a recommendation within 24 hours after being notified by the Commission; OR; 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-19 2) The landowner or authorized representative rejects the recommendation of the MLD and mediation in accordance with PRC 5097.94 (k) by the NAHC fails to provide measures acceptable to the landowner… 5. Notification of Completion The Archaeologist shall notify the ECO/P, in writing of the end date of monitoring. Post ConstructionPost ConstructionPost ConstructionPost Construction 1. Handling and Curation of Artifacts and Letter of Acceptance a. The Archaeologist shall be responsible for ensuring that all cultural remains collected are cleaned, catalogued, and permanently curated with an appropriate institution; that a letter of acceptance from the curation institution has been submitted to the Planning Development; that all artifacts are analyzed to identify function and chronology as they relate to the history of the area; that faunal material is identified as to species; and that specialty studies are completed, as appropriate. b. Curation of artifacts associated with the survey, testing and/or data recovery for this project shall be completed in consultation with ECO/P and the Native American representative, as applicable. 3. Final Results Reports (Monitoring and Research Design and Data Recovery Program) a. Within three months following the completion of monitoring, two copies of the Final Results Report (even if negative) and/or evaluation report, if applicable, which describes the results, analysis, and conclusions of the Archaeological Monitoring Program (with appropriate graphics) shall be submitted to ECO/P for approval. b. For significant archaeological resources encountered during monitoring, the Research Design and Data Recovery Program shall be included as part of the Final Results Report. 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-20 4. Recording Sites with State of California Department of Park and Recreation The Archaeologist shall be responsible for recording (on the appropriate State of California Department of Park and Recreation forms-DPR 523 A/B) any significant or potentially significant resources encountered during the Archaeological Monitoring Program in accordance with the City's Historical Resources Guidelines, and submittal of such forms to the South Coastal Information Center with the Final Results Report. Paleontological ResourcesPaleontological ResourcesPaleontological ResourcesPaleontological Resources 1. Projects that may impact paleontologically sensitive areas (i.e., formations that have been assigned high or moderate paleontological resource sensitivity), will require paleontological monitoring onsite during all phases of initial and subsequent cutting of undisturbed formational sediments in order to make salvage collections of any invertebrate, vertebrate or paleobotanical fossils that are encountered or unearthed. 2. Collected fossils shall be cleaned and/or prepared to a point of identification, and then curated to museum standards (cataloging of locality and specimen data, numbering, identification, labeling) before being deposited in an appropriate public facility (or facilities) that can provide permanent archival storage (so that specimens are available for future scientific study). A report detailing the mitigation shall be prepared, even if negative, which will include necessary maps, graphics, and fossil lists to document the paleontological monitoring program. 3. Paleontological monitoring will be required for all exposures of the Santiago Formation and of Pleistocene marine terrace and estuarine deposits. A museum collections and records search will precede any field work, in order to more precisely define any areas that might need particular attention during monitoring of construction related activities. Monitoring is not necessary in areas mapped as granitic (tonalite, gabbro) or metavolcanic rock. 4. These general guidelines shall be followed when planning for a project component which requires paleontological monitoring: a. The paleontologist or paleontological monitor shall attend any preconstruction/pregrading meetings to consult with City/District staff and the excavation contractor. 4.4 Cultural Resources July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.4-21 b. The paleontologist or paleontological monitor shall be onsite full-time during excavation into previously undisturbed formations. The monitoring time may be decreased at the discretion of the paleontologist in consultation with the City/District. c. If significant fossils are encountered, the paleontologist shall have the authority to divert or temporarily halt construction activities in the area of discovery to allow recovery of fossil remains, and shall immediately contact the City/District. The determination of significance shall be at the discretion of the paleontologist. d. Construction activities in the area of discovery shall resume upon notification by the paleontologist that fossil remains have been recovered. The paleontologist shall be responsible for preparation of fossils to a point of identification and submittal of a letter of acceptance from a local qualified curation facility. The paleontologist shall record any discovered fossil sites at the San Diego Natural History Museum. e. Within three months following termination of the paleontological monitoring program, the contractor shall provide a monitoring letter report (with appropriate graphics) to the City/District summarizing the results (even if negative), analyses and conclusions of the above program. 4.4.54.4.54.4.54.4.5 Residual Impacts after MitigationResidual Impacts after MitigationResidual Impacts after MitigationResidual Impacts after Mitigation Cultural Resources. With the implementation of the mitigation measures identified in Section 4.4.4, impacts would be reduced to less than significant. Paleontological Resources. With the implementation of the mitigation measures identified in Section 4.4.4, impacts would be reduced to less than significant. 4.5 Geology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and Soils July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.5-1 4.54.54.54.5 GEOLOGY AND SOILSGEOLOGY AND SOILSGEOLOGY AND SOILSGEOLOGY AND SOILS The purpose of this section is to assess general geologic conditions and identify potential geologic impacts, geotechnical hazards, and effects to mineral resources in the project areas. The information used in this analysis is general in nature and is derived from the most readily available information found in applicable resource and planning documents. Site-specific geotechnical analyses were not performed for the project areas. General geologic and soil resource conditions were researched through the use of reports and data produced by the California Department of Conservation (DOC), the California Geological Survey (CGS, formerly the Division of Mines and Geology), San Diego State University Geology Department, the City General Plan (1994) and associated General Plan Master EIR (1994), the City and County of San Diego online geographical database (www.SanGIS.org), and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS, formerly the Soil Conservation Service). A complete listing of these references is included in Chapter 9.0. 4.5.14.5.14.5.14.5.1 Existing ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting Conditions SoilsSoilsSoilsSoils The study area contains seven general soil associations as indicated by the San Diego County Soil Survey (1996). Soils associations are useful for developing a general idea of the soils in an area and for determining the value of an area for certain uses. The following discussion outlines these soil classifications. 1. Marina-Chesterton Association: This association consists of somewhat excessively drained to moderately well drained loamy coarse sands and fine sandy loams that have a subsoil of sandy clay over a hardpan. This soil type is located between sea level and 400 feet above mean sea level and occurs on grades of 2 to 15 percent (NRCS 1973). 2. Salinas-Corralitos Association: This consists of moderately well-drained to somewhat excessively drained clays, clay loams, and loamy sands on alluvial fans, on 0 to 9 percent slopes. 3. Cieneba-Fallbrook Association (Very Rocky): These soils are excessively drained to well-drained coarse sandy loams and sandy loams that have a sandy 4.5 Geology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and Soils July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.5-2 clay loam subsoil over decomposed granodiorite. These soils occur between 200 and 3,000 feet above mean sea level and occur on 9 to 75 percent slopes. 4. Exchequer-San Miguel Association: Rocky, well drained silt loams over metavolcanic rock, typically on 0 to 30 percent slopes. 5. Diablo-Altamont Association: Well drained clays are the major characteristic of this association, normally found on 5 to 15 percent slopes. 6. Diablo-Las Flores Association: This association consists of well drained clays and moderately well drained loamy fine sands that have a subsoil of sandy clay. These soils occur between 100 and 600 feet above mean sea level and occur on 9 to 30 percent slopes (NRCS 1973). 7. Las Flores-Huerhuero Association: This association consists of moderately well-drained loamy fine sands to loams that have a subsoil of sandy clay or clay; 9 to 30 percent slopes. FauFauFauFaults and Seismic Hazardslts and Seismic Hazardslts and Seismic Hazardslts and Seismic Hazards The study area for the Master Plans is located within seismically active southern California. Although this region in known to be akin to seismic events, there are no known faults within the area, and no Alquist- Priolo Special Study Zones have been identified (City of Carlsbad 1994). The primary off-shore faults include the Coronado Bank, San Diego Trough and San Clemente systems. The main fault system in western San Diego County is the Rose Canyon Fault which originates in Mission Bay, drops off into the Pacific Ocean at La Jolla Shores and then runs north along the coast to Oceanside. Several smaller faults exist on the San Diego Mesa, largely within the City of San Diego. These faults include the Texas Street Fault, the Fortieth Street Fault, the La Nacion Fault and the Florida Canyon Fault. Regional fault systems, including the San Jacinto, San Andreas and Elsinore Faults are located to the east and north of the study area (Kern 1989). Liquefaction and dynamic settlement of soils can be caused by strong vibratory motion resulting from seismic activity. Research and historical data indicate that loose, granular soils are susceptible to these effects, while the stability of most silty clay and clay soils is not adversely affect by vibratory motion. Among granular soils, finer textured varieties are most susceptible to liquefaction than coarse-grained types, and soils of uniform grain size are more likely to liquefy than well-graded materials. There 4.5 Geology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and Soils July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.5-3 are limited areas in the City which are considered potentially subject to liquefaction, including areas west of El Camino Real, the areas in and around lagoons, and along the beaches (City of Carlsbad 1994). Mineral ResourcesMineral ResourcesMineral ResourcesMineral Resources The Surface Mining and Reclamation Act of 1975 requires the State Board of Mining and Geology and the State Geologist to prepare mineral resource reports that designate mineral deposits of statewide or of regional significance. The process involves classification and designation. Classification inventories select mineral commodities within a defined study area. These are areas where adequate information indicates that significant mineral deposits are present or where it is judged that a high likelihood for their presence exists. Designation identifies deposits of regional or statewide significance which are available from a land use perspective. The CGS characterizes mineral potential according to their Mineral Resource Zone (MRZ) categories. Areas classified as MRZ-1 are considered to have little likelihood of containing significant deposits suitable for production as high-quality aggregate. Areas classified as MRZ-2 have a high likelihood that significant deposits of PCC grade aggregate exist. Areas classified as MRZ-3 are areas containing aggregate deposits, the significance of which cannot be evaluated from existing data or available information. And finally, MRZ-4 denotes areas where not enough information is known to determine if mineral deposits are present or if they are significant. These areas do not fit into any other MRZ zone (CGS 1996). The majority of the project study area is located in a MRZ-3 zone (CGS 1996). Also, a portion of the study area immediately south of SR78/College Boulevard intersection that extends toward Lake Calavera, is designated as MRZ-2. This zone consists of the South Coast Materials Company Carlsbad Quarry. This MRZ-2 zone indicates the presence of significant mineral deposits or the high likelihood that they exist. Mineral resources within the City of Carlsbad are no longer being extracted and utilized as exploitable natural resources. There are several abandoned gravel pit operations within City limits, and two abandoned salt evaporation ponds; one is near the south shore of the Buena Vista Lagoon and the other one is north of La Costa Avenue near the eastern perimeter of the Batiquitos Lagoon (City of Carlsbad 1994). 4.5.24.5.24.5.24.5.2 SignificanceSignificanceSignificanceSignificance CriteriaCriteriaCriteriaCriteria The project components would have a significant effect related to geology and soils if it 4.5 Geology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and Soils July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.5-4 would: ! Expose people or structures to potential substantial adverse effects, including the risk of loss, injury or death involving: (i) Rupture of a known earthquake fault, as delineated on the most recent Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zoning Map issued by the State Geologist for the area or based on other substantial evidence of a known fault (based on the Division of Mines and Geology Special Publication 42); (ii) Strong seismic ground shaking; (iii) Seismic-related ground failure, including liquefaction; or (iv) Landslides; ! Result in substantial soil erosion or the loss of topsoil; ! Be located on a geologic unit or soil that is unstable, or that would become unstable as a result of the project, and potentially result in on- or off-site landslide, lateral spreading, subsidence, liquefaction, or collapse; ! Be located on expansive soils, as defined in Table 18 - 1-B of the Uniform Building Code (1994), creating substantial risks to life or property; ! Have soils incapable of adequately supporting the use of septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal systems where sewers are not available for the disposal of wastewater; ! Result in the loss of availability of a known mineral resource that would be of future value to the region and the residents of the State; or ! Result in the loss of availability of a locally important mineral resource recovery site delineated on a local general plan, specific plan, or other land use plan. 4.5 Geology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and Soils July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.5-5 4.5.34.5.34.5.34.5.3 Impact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact Analysis At this program level of analysis, the actual level of impact cannot be determined. That is, project components would require site-specific geotechnical studies for engineering and design, which would determine the actual level of environmental impact. These future geotechnical investigations will describe site-specific conditions and suggest mitigation measures for the issues outlined in this Program EIR section. As such, impacts would be presumably reduced to less than significant at the project level once detailed project data can be assessed and mitigation measures are implemented. No unmitigable significant effects are anticipated. More detailed analysis follows. SoilsSoilsSoilsSoils Potentially significant construction-related impacts associated with the Master Plans include encountering unstable soil and rock conditions and exposure of oversize rock material during grading. The design of each project component would be accompanied by a geotechnical evaluation that would indicate if such hazards were present. If the geotechnical study so indicated, the proposed facility site would be relocated to a nonhazardous area. The specific soil types each project component will impact at this time are unknown. Assuming a site-specific geotechnical study is completed, additional information regarding content, expansiveness, stability, potential for subsidence and compactibility will be determined during project planning and design. Appropriate mitigation measures would be incorporated into the design to reduce the potential for significant effects. Also, septic tanks or alternative wastewater disposal methods are not proposed as part of the Master Plans. For this program level of analysis, impacts would be less than significant. During the construction of proposed Master Plan components, erosion could be accelerated which could undermine slopes, create siltation of surface waters, and expose and damage underground facilities. All construction must be performed in accordance with the requirements of the Carlsbad Grading Ordinance, which requires the control of erosion during construction and the stabilization of all disturbed surfaces upon completion of construction. It is not anticipated that the project would result in substantial soil erosion or significant losses of topsoil. 4.5 Geology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and Soils July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.5-6 Faults and Seismic HazardsFaults and Seismic HazardsFaults and Seismic HazardsFaults and Seismic Hazards The study area is located within seismically active southern California. Master Plan components are not anticipated to traverse known faults associated with the Rose Canyon Fault System. Additionally, due to the project design feature in Table 2-5 which requires that all project components be constructed in accordance with Uniform Building Code requirements related to protection against seismic instability, subsidence and liquefaction hazards and stability impacts would be less than significant. The proposed project components may be locally subject to seismically induced secondary effects related to liquefaction, lateral spreading, local subsidence of soil, and vibrational damage. Pipelines are replaced or rehabilitated typically by trenching and backfill, underground. The pipe is supported on bedding material, and at least six to eight inches of clearance is left between the pipe and trench walls. Suitable granular pipe zone material is placed around and on top of the pipe. Backfill must consist of suitable material, free of organic material, debris, and large rocks. This construction method absorbs energy during seismic events and relieves susceptibility to ground motion that would cause rupture of the pipe. Because of the construction specifications described above, impacts associated with seismic hazard are not considered significant. The two Master Plans include a number of sizable new facilities, pump stations, pressure reducing stations, and reservoirs. City engineering requirements implemented during the planning and design of such facilities require a thorough geotechnical evaluation before final plans are approved. Recommendations for remedial action, if needed, that are identified in the geotechnical report must be implemented by the construction contractor. This process is designed to avoid the potential for significant seismic and geological hazards associated with such facilities. Reservoirs may pose a potential threat to surrounding areas in a seismic event. However, for seismic events of the most common intensities, aboveground reservoirs usually do not rupture but, if ground movement is sufficient, move about as a unit on the building pad. Damage to offsite areas from ruptured reservoirs has been a rare event in southern California in recent decades. Construction of these reservoirs is preceded by a geotechnical study intended to identify the maximum intensity of ground acceleration most likely to occur at a given locality (the “maximum credible event”), and the reservoir is designed to resist damage in such an event. Steel reservoirs are designed to meet the seismic safety standards of the American Water Works Association, and concrete reservoirs are designed to meet the seismic safety standards of the Structural Engineering Association of California. 4.5 Geology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and Soils July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.5-7 Mineral ResourcesMineral ResourcesMineral ResourcesMineral Resources No project components are located within designated MRZ-1 or MRZ-2 zones. The South Coast Materials Company Carlsbad Quarry and associated MRZ-2 zone are located east of and away from project components. There would not be impacts to the known aggregate resources associated with the quarry. The remaining components of the Master Plans are all located within MRZ-3 zones. Due to the necessity of performing a site-specific geotechnical investigation, additional information regarding the unknown content of MRZ-3 zones will be explored at the time of project-specific detailed planning and engineering studies. Due to the general nature of information available at this program level of analysis, impacts are anticipated to be less than significant. 4.5.44.5.44.5.44.5.4 Mitigation MeasuresMitigation MeasuresMitigation MeasuresMitigation Measures No significant geology and soils impacts have been identified; mitigation measures are not required. 4.5.54.5.54.5.54.5.5 Residual Impact After MitigationResidual Impact After MitigationResidual Impact After MitigationResidual Impact After Mitigation Impacts would be less than significant. 4.5 Geology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and Soils July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.5-8 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 4.6 Hazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous Materials July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.6-1 4.64.64.64.6 HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALSHAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALSHAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALSHAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 4.6.14.6.14.6.14.6.1 Existing ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting Conditions The purpose of this hazards and hazardous materials section is to identify potential hazards associated with development of project components, and to identify project design features and mitigation measures that will reduce potential impacts to a less than significant level. No Environmental Site Assessments (Phase I or II) were conducted for this Program EIR, principally due to the large number and scale of project components. The project has the potential to cause different types of hazards and hazardous materials impacts. These potential hazards include natural hazards such as those associated with development of a project component in high fire hazard areas. Other potential hazards are related to human activities. These hazards include the potential for leaks or spills of raw sewage from pipelines or sewage conveyance facilities, potential for leaks or spills of petroleum fuels during construction and operation of the project, and the potential for disturbance of a site containing hazardous materials. The project also has the potential to cause hazards due to its proximity to the McClellan-Palomar Airport in the City of Carlsbad. Hazardous Materials and HazardousHazardous Materials and HazardousHazardous Materials and HazardousHazardous Materials and Hazardous Material Sites Material Sites Material Sites Material Sites According the City’s General Plan Master EIR (1994), approximately 75 percent of registered hazardous substances in the City are located at gas stations and auto-related businesses. All gas station are located on land which is commercially designated on the General Plan. Smaller scale auto service uses such as body shops and repair shops are generally located along State Street. Other small scale uses such as dry cleaners, medical/dental offices and veterinary clinics use and produce extremely small quantities of hazardous materials and waste annually and are also distinguished largely through the City’s commercially designated land use areas. The large-scale use of hazardous materials is well defined in the community, and is restricted primarily to industrially allocated land in business parks surrounding the airport and west of I-5 along Avenida Encinas. The majority of these uses are either related to semi-conductor production or the biotech industry. Additionally, small-scale aviation-related businesses (which may store aviation fuel) are located near McClellan- Palomar Airport. The only industrial business operating on land without an industrial General Plan designation is the South Coast Asphalt Company on Haymar Road. This business uses quarrying and road surface materials. 4.6 Hazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous Materials July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.6-2 Utilities, such as San Diego Gas and Electric (SDGE) and the Encina WPCF, use some hazardous materials in their operations but they do not directly manufacture or dispose of hazardous materials as their primary purpose. These sites are designated Public Utility on the General Plan and Zoning Maps. There are two former waste disposal facilities located in the City. The first site is adjacent to the south side of McClellan-Palomar Airport. This site was used for disposal of household waste between 1962 and 1975. No hazardous materials have been identified at the site, and it was closed and capped by the County of San Diego in accordance with Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations. The second site is located in the far northeastern corner of the City, and was also used for the burning of municipal waste. The site has not been operational since 1961 and has since been redeveloped (City of Carlsbad 1994). There are no known illegal dumps with hazardous materials within the City. The construction phase of the proposed project would involve the transport of gasoline and other fuels to project sites for the sole purpose of equipment fueling. Transportation of hazardous materials is overseen by the County of San Diego Department of Health Services. Airport Safety HazardAirport Safety HazardAirport Safety HazardAirport Safety Hazard McClellan-Palomar Airport is located approximately four miles southeast of the Carlsbad Village Area and is a general aviation, publicly owned airport facility. SANDAG acts as the Airport Land Use Commission (ALUC) for the San Diego region under 1970 state legislation and is charged with developing airport Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUP). In cooperation with the County of San Diego, SANDAG has prepared a CLUP for the McClellan-Palomar Airport in order to “identify areas likely to be impacted by noise and flight activity created by aircraft operations at the airport,” and “preclude incompatible development from intruding into areas of significant risk resulting from aircraft takeoffs and landing patterns,” (1994 CLUP p. 5). The CLUP identifies Airport Influence Areas. These are areas adjacent to airports which are likely to be affected by noise from aircraft operations at the airport. Within the larger Airport Influence Area, other operational areas, such as the Flight Activity Zone (FAZ), are also identified which reflect specific aircraft operational overflight patterns as outlined in Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) regulations. The Airport Influence Area represents the outer boundary of the ALUC’s planning and review authority and is 4.6 Hazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous Materials July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.6-3 primarily concerned with development compatibility issues associated with noise impacts and aircraft impacts in the airport vicinity. The FAZ for the McClellan-Palomar Airport was determined based upon noise, flight hazards, and obstruction criteria in accordance with the CalTrans Division of Aeronautics 1983 Airport Land Use Planning Handbook. This handbook includes several examples of airport safety zone shapes based on accident potential. The McClellan-Palomar Airport’s FAZ is identified as containing potential operational flight activity hazards and “areas which should be held free from intensive development” (1994 CLUP p.12). In turn the CLUP defines “intensive development” as residential of more than 10 dwelling units per acre, “including high rise development and all uses which involve the assembly of large groups of people (more than 100)” (1994 CLUP p. 12-13). Several project components are located within the McClellan-Palomar Airport’s FAZ as delineated by the CLUP, and several project components are within two miles of the airport. Wildfire HazardsWildfire HazardsWildfire HazardsWildfire Hazards The project components would primarily be located within developed areas and roadways; however, portions of the proposed project are located within and adjacent to open space areas with potentially flammable materials such as brush, grass or trees. 4.6.24.6.24.6.24.6.2 Significance CriteriaSignificance CriteriaSignificance CriteriaSignificance Criteria The project components would have a significant effect related to hazards and hazardous materials if it would: ! Create a significant hazard to the public or the environment through the routine transport, use, or disposal of hazardous materials; ! Create a significant hazard to the public or environment through reasonably foreseeable upset and accident conditions involving the release of hazardous materials into the environment; ! Emit hazardous emissions or handle hazardous or acutely hazardous materials, substances, or waste within one-quarter mile of an existing or proposed school; ! Be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5 and, as a result, would 4.6 Hazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous Materials July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.6-4 it create a significant hazard to the public or environment; ! For a project within an airport land use plan, or where such a plan has not been adopted, within two miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project result in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the project area; ! For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, would the project result in a safety hazard for people residing or working in the project area; ! Impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan; or ! Expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires, including where wildlands are adjacent to urbanized areas or where residences are intermixed with wildlands. 4.6.34.6.34.6.34.6.3 Impact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact Analysis Hazardous Materials and Hazardous Material SitesHazardous Materials and Hazardous Material SitesHazardous Materials and Hazardous Material SitesHazardous Materials and Hazardous Material Sites Impacts due to release of hazardous materials during the construction and operation of project components would be less than significant with incorporation of the project design features described in Table 2-5. More detail on types of hazards impacts is given below. During the operational stage of the proposed project, pipe rupture or lift station failure could result in spillage of raw sewage, and exposure of the public and the environment to health hazards. However, the pipelines would be constructed with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe, which is highly resistant to rupture. In addition, pump stations included as part of the project are designed with safety features, including an emergency generator in case of electrical failure, and sufficient sewage detainment capacity in the event of generator and/or pump mechanism failure. This would allow time for repair and/or emergency conveyance of the sewage. Should emergency leaks or spills occur, the Sewer Prevention and Response Plan for the CSD will be implemented. The storage of chemicals and use of petroleum fuel will be required for stationary engines present at some of the pump stations during operation of the proposed project. The use, storage, transportation, and disposal of these substances is regulated by the County Department of Hazardous Waste Management, and will be conducted according to all applicable state, federal and local regulations. The adherence to statutory 4.6 Hazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous Materials July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.6-5 standards and practices of the proposed project components will reduce the risk of an explosion or release of hazardous substances to the environment due to an accident or upset conditions. Also, no use of extremely hazardous materials such as gaseous chlorine or other chemicals is proposed; therefore, impacts would not be significant. Although the City has relatively few known hazardous materials sites, there is the possibility that unknown sites exist. Also, while some water and sewer master plan facilities would be located within a quarter mile of existing schools, no hazardous emissions would occur (more information on emissions is described in Section 4.2, Air Quality). However, additional project-level analysis is required to determine the significance of potential hazard effects for all project components. Since hazardous materials sites are subject to changing conditions; e.g., closure of known sites, discovery of new hazardous materials sites, site leakages, and/or remediation of existing sites, it is not appropriate to make a project-level significance determination at this program level of analysis. Details on the known hazardous materials locations would need to be investigated at the project level of analysis for individual project components to determine the specifics on location, type, and status of hazardous materials sites that may be affected. The analysis would include a discussion of whether any project component would be located on a site which is included on a list of hazardous materials sites compiled pursuant to Government Code Section 65962.5. Accordingly, a project design feature to prepare site-specific hazardous materials analyses has been incorporated in Table 2-5 to ensure impacts remain at a less than significant level. Airport Safety HazardAirport Safety HazardAirport Safety HazardAirport Safety Hazard As discussed above under Existing Conditions, several project components would be located within the Palomar-McClellan Airport Influence Area and FAZ. The project does not involve any construction or long-term operational features that would result in an airport safety hazard for people residing or working in the project area. Activities at Palomar-McClellan Airport would be unaffected by the proposed project. Impacts would be less than significant. Emergency Response PlansEmergency Response PlansEmergency Response PlansEmergency Response Plans As noted above, the use, storage, transportation, and disposal of hazardous materials is regulated by the County Department of Hazardous Waste Management, and will be conducted according to all applicable state, federal and local regulations. The adherence to statutory standards and practices of the proposed project components will reduce the risk of an explosion or release of hazardous substances to the environment due to an 4.6 Hazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous MaterialsHazards and Hazardous Materials July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.6-6 accident or upset conditions. In order to reduce the potential for construction traffic conflicts which may include emergency evacuation plans, a traffic control plan would need to be developed as part of the project, as described in Table 2-5 (also see Section 4.10, Transportation/Circulation). With the prescribed traffic control plan and adherence to applicable regulations, the project would not significantly impair implementation of or physically interfere with an adopted emergency response plan or emergency evacuation plan. Wildfire HazardsWildfire HazardsWildfire HazardsWildfire Hazards Due to the undeveloped nature of land and potentially flammable materials such as brush, grass or trees surrounding several project components, construction would pose a slight risk of wildland fires. There is a project design feature listed in Table 2-5 to prepare a brush management plan and to disseminate fire safety information to construction crews would help to ensure impacts would not be significant. As such, the project would not expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss, injury or death involving wildland fires, including where wildlands are adjacent to urbanized areas or where residences are intermixed with wildlands. 4.6.44.6.44.6.44.6.4 Mitigation MeasuresMitigation MeasuresMitigation MeasuresMitigation Measures No significant impacts have been identified; mitigation measures are not necessary. 4.6.54.6.54.6.54.6.5 Residual Impacts after MitigationResidual Impacts after MitigationResidual Impacts after MitigationResidual Impacts after Mitigation Impacts would be less than significant. 4.7 Hydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.7-1 4.74.74.74.7 HYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITYHYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITYHYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITYHYDROLOGY AND WATER QUALITY The purpose of this section is to assess general surface water hydrology and water quality conditions and identify potential hydrology and water quality impacts in the project areas. The information used in this analysis is general in nature and is derived from the most readily available information found in applicable resource and planning documents. Site-specific hydrology reports or drainage studies were not performed for the project areas. The general surface water hydrology and water quality conditions of the project area were based on review of the Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin (State of California 1994), City of Carlsbad General Plan (1994) and General Plan Master EIR (1994), and the City and County of San Diego online geographical database (www.SanGIS.org) for floodplains. Aerial photography provided by Aerial Access 2002 , and vegetation cover created for the Multiple Habitat Conservation Program (SANDAG 1995) were also reviewed to determine existing land cover and vegetative cover, respectively. A complete listing of these references is included in Chapter 9.0. 4.7.14.7.14.7.14.7.1 Existing ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting Conditions HydrologyHydrologyHydrologyHydrology The project components are located within the San Diego Hydrologic Region, which drains west into the Pacific Ocean. The San Diego Hydrologic Region encompasses approximately 3,900 square miles and is further subdivided into 11 major watersheds. The project components occur primarily in the Carlsbad Watershed. The Carlsbad Watershed occupies approximately 210 square miles, extending from Lake Wohlford on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west and from Vista on the north to Cardiff-by-the- Sea on the south. This watershed includes the cities of Oceanside, Carlsbad, Encinitas, Vista, and Escondido. The watershed is drained by Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, San Marcos, and Escondido creeks and contains four coastal lagoons, including Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, Batiquitos, and San Elijo lagoons (Figure 4.7-1). The Carlsbad Watershed is comprised of the following six drainage basins: Loma Alta, Buena Vista Creek, Agua Hedionda, Encinas, San Marcos, and Escondido Creek. The project components occur within the Buena Vista Creek, Agua Hedionda and Encinas drainage basins. A few of the project components are located near Buena Vista Creek, Agua Hedionda Creek, and San Marcos Creek and some of the major project components are located near the Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, and Batiquitos lagoons. 4.7 Hydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.7-2 One of the project components (component 32) is located within the San Luis Rey Watershed, located immediately north of the Carlsbad Watershed (Figure 4.7-1). This watershed is drained by the San Luis Rey River. Component 32 is located within the Lower San Luis drainage basin. FloodplainsFloodplainsFloodplainsFloodplains The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) has mapped special flood hazard areas which include land subject to the 100-year flood. A 100-year flood is defined as an area of land that would be inundated by a flood having a 1 percent chance of occurring in any given year (http://www.fema.gov, accessed April 2003). The 100-year flood is the standard used by most federal and state agencies and by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) for floodplain management and for flood insurance purposes. Several project components would cross areas located within the 100-year floodplains of Buena Vista Creek and Agua Hedionda Creek (Figure 4.7-1). Water QualityWater QualityWater QualityWater Quality The goal of the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) is to preserve and enhance the quality of water resources in the San Diego Region for the benefit of present and future generations (RWQCB 1994). In accordance with the federal Clean Water Act, the RWQCB adopted a Water Quality Control Plan (1994) which recognized the regional differences in existing water quality, the beneficial uses of the region’s ground and surface waters, and local water quality conditions and problems. As identified in the Water Quality Control Plan, the designated beneficial uses for Buena Vista Creek, Agua Hedionda Creek, San Marcos Creek, and San Luis Rey River may include the following: ! Municipal and domestic supply ! Agricultural supply ! Industrial service supply ! Contact water recreation ! Non-contact recreation ! Warm freshwater habitat ! Wildlife habitat ! Rare, threatened and endangered species 4.7 Hydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.7-3 Figure 4.7-1 11 x 17 color 4.7 Hydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.7-4 Figure 4.7-1 11x17 color backup 4.7 Hydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.7-5 Beneficial uses for Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, and Batiquitos Lagoons may include the following: ! Navigation ! Contact water recreation ! Non-contact recreation ! Commercial and sport fishing ! Estuarine habitat ! Wildlife habitat ! Rare, threatened and endangered species ! Marine habitat ! Aquaculture ! Migration of aquatic organisms ! Shellfish harvesting ! Warm freshwater habitat Regulatory ConsiderationsRegulatory ConsiderationsRegulatory ConsiderationsRegulatory Considerations The principle federal law regulating surface water quality is the 1972 Clean Water Act. The Clean Water Act sets up a system of water quality standards, discharge limitations, and permits. Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, the USACOE regulates discharges of dredged or fill material into waters of the U.S. Activities that may result in the dredge or fill of waters of the U.S. require issuance of a Section 404 permit from the USACOE. Under Section 401 of the Clean Water Act, a state water quality certification must be obtained whenever an application for a federal permit for discharge of pollutants into waters of the U.S., such as a Section 404 permit, is submitted. The Section 401 certification requires any activity affecting waters of the U.S. be in compliance with all applicable water quality standards, limitations and restrictions. Division 7 of the California Water Code, commonly referred to as the state Porter- Cologne Water Quality Act, is the principal state law enacted to establish requirements for adequate planning, implementation, management, and enforcement for the control of water quality. This act established a regulatory program to protect water quality and beneficial uses of all state waters. The act also established the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and RWQCB as state agencies responsible for water quality control. For the San Diego Hydrologic Region, water quality is regulated by the RWQCB, Region 9 of the SWRCB. 4.7 Hydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.7-6 Conformance with the Clean Water Act and Porter-Cologne Water Quality Act is required for any discharges, including erosion, into waters of the U.S. through compliance with the SWRCB’s NPDES General Construction Permit. Issuance of a NPDES Permit requires preparation of a Notice of Intent with the SWRCB and development of a SWPPP and monitoring program that incorporates applicable BMPs. Construction activity would also be subject to the erosion control requirements set forth in the City’s Grading Ordinance. Other applicable regulations include Sections 1601-1603 of the California Fish and Game Code. The CDFG regulates wetland areas as defined by the Fish and Game Code. A Section 1601/1603 Streambed Alteration Agreement is required from CDFG whenever CDFG jurisdictional wetlands are altered or fish or wildlife resources are adversely affected. Additional information related to wetlands is found in Section 4.3, Biological Resources. 4.7.24.7.24.7.24.7.2 Significance CriteriaSignificance CriteriaSignificance CriteriaSignificance Criteria The project components would have a significant effect related to hydrology and water quality if it would: ! Violate any water quality standards or waster discharge requirements; ! Substantially deplete groundwater supplies or interfere substantially with ground water recharge such that there would be a net deficit in aquifer volume or a lowering of the local ground water table level (i.e., the production rate of pre- existing nearby wells would drop to a level which would not support existing land uses or planned uses for which permits have been granted); ! Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, in a manner which would result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site; ! Result in impacts to groundwater quality; ! Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, in a manner which would result in substantial erosion or siltation on- or off-site; 4.7 Hydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.7-7 ! Substantially alter the existing drainage pattern of the site or area, including through the alteration of the course of a stream or river, or substantially increase the flow rate or amount (volume) of surface runoff in a manner, which would result in flooding on- or off-site; ! Create or contribute runoff water, which would exceed the capacity of existing or planned stormwater drainage systems or provide substantial additional sources of polluted runoff; ! Otherwise substantially degrade water quality; ! Place housing within a 100-year flood hazard area as mapped on a Federal Flood Hazard Boundary or Flood Insurance Rate Map or other flood delineation map; ! Place within 100-year flood hazard area structures, which would impede or redirect flood flows; ! Expose people or structures to a significant risk of loss injury or death involving flooding, including flooding as a result of the failure of a levee or dam; ! Result in inundation by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow; ! Result in increased erosion (sediment) into receiving surface waters; ! Result in increased pollutant discharges (e.g., heavy metals, pathogens, petroleum derivatives, synthetic organics, nutrients, oxygen-demanding substances and trash) into receiving surface waters or other alteration of receiving surface water quality (e.g., temperature, dissolved oxygen or turbidity); ! Result in changes to receiving water quality (marine, fresh or wetland waters) during or following construction; ! Result in increases in any pollutant to an already impaired water body as listed on the Clean Water Act Section 303(d) list; or ! Result in the exceedance of applicable surface or groundwater receiving water quality objectives or degradation of beneficial uses. 4.7 Hydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.7-8 4.7.34.7.34.7.34.7.3 Impact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact Analysis This section presents the evaluation of potential impacts to hydrology, floodplains, and water quality as a result of implementation of the Water and Sewer Master Plans. A number of project design features that would help minimize the effects of the project on water quality and hydrology are included in Table 2-5. Potential impacts to hydrology, floodplains and water quality were evaluated by overlaying the project components with the San Diego Hydrologic Basin Planning Area Map (RWQCB 1994), aerial photography, MHCP vegetation cover and the SANDAG digital coverage for floodplains. For this program level of analysis, a qualitative assessment of the potential impacts to water resources was conducted. As future project-specific information comes forth for individual project components, subsequent analyses pursuant to CEQA will be conducted that may incorporate a quantitative evaluation of impacts. Water Quality and DrainageWater Quality and DrainageWater Quality and DrainageWater Quality and Drainage For project components that occur in developed areas, such as roadways, no new additional runoff into local drainages is anticipated upon completion of project construction. During construction, runoff and sedimentation into nearby drainages would be minimized and avoided through incorporation of project design features described in Table 2-5, such as the use of gravel bags as erosion control measures. For project components that would cross wetland areas, impacts to water quality could occur as a result of runoff and sediment transport during construction activities. Incorporation of project design features described below would minimize impacts to water quality to less than significant. Construction and operation of a number of project components may require dewatering in pipeline trenches in order to place infrastructures underground. Dewatering of groundwater may result in potential impacts to surface water quality due to the unknown chemical makeup of groundwater. Dewatering and discharge activities are subject to water quality guidelines outlined by the NPDES administered by the San Diego RWQCB. In addition to dewatering, stockpiling of soil removed during construction of trenches may result in sediment-laden runoff from construction sites. The increase in total dissolved solids, minerals and other inorganic materials may enter local drainages and exceed water quality standards. 4.7 Hydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.7-9 Because violation of water quality standards may occur during dewatering, discharge, and trenching associated with construction of project components, impacts to water quality are considered potentially significant. As stated in Section 4.7.1, there are a number of project components located adjacent to the Agua Hedionda Creek and Lagoon, and the Buena Vista Lagoon. These water bodies are identified on the SWRCB’s 2002 Section 303(d) List of Water Quality Limited Segments. Under Section 303(d) of the 1972 Clean Water Act, states, territories and authorized tribes are required to develop a list of water quality limited segments. These waters on the list do not meet water quality standards, even after point sources of pollution have installed the minimum required levels of pollution control technology. The project components under both master plans that have the potential to affect the 303(d) water bodies are identified in Tables S-1 and S-2 and would result in potentially significant impacts to water quality. Hydrology and GroundwaterHydrology and GroundwaterHydrology and GroundwaterHydrology and Groundwater The proposed project involves both minor improvements such as manhole replacements and major improvements such as replacement of a sewer main. The construction and operation of the proposed project would not use groundwater and would not directly affect groundwater levels. Dewatering, a method which pumps groundwater into either a surface water body or directly into a stormwater drainage system, may be required to prepare sites for placement of proposed pipelines and other underground facilities; however, the potential impact to groundwater would be temporary and would not substantially deplete groundwater supplies. Also, the amount of groundwater that would be directed to stormwater drainage systems would not exceed capacity for those systems. Impacts to hydrology and groundwater supplies would be less than significant. FloodplainsFloodplainsFloodplainsFloodplains Several project components are located in the 100-year floodplain, as defined by FEMA, and would continue to cross the 100-year floodplain with implementation of improvements to project components. The proposed project involves replacement of manholes, sewer mains and modifications to pump stations and pipelines. No housing is proposed as part of the project, therefore no impacts to housing as a result of flooding would occur with implementation of the proposed project. It is unlikely that the project components occurring within the 100-year floodplain would impede or redirect flow because the majority of the project components would be placed underground. All areas 4.7 Hydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.7-10 within the floodplain would return to pre-construction contours. The flood capacity would not be altered as a result of the proposed project. Floodplains impacts would be less than significant. Based on this program level of analysis, impacts would potentially occur to all project components located within the 100-year floodplain, as defined by FEMA. The potentially significant impacts would be associated with the loss of any project components as result of the scouring action by a flood. Implementation of the mitigation measure described in Section 4.7.4 would reduce potential impacts to below a level of significance. Dredge and fill activities that occur within a floodplain would require the appropriate permits from the ACOE, CDFG and RWQCB. Additional mitigation measures may be required as part of those permits and these site-specific measures would be developed once project level information is assembled for a project component. Other ImpactOther ImpactOther ImpactOther Impactssss The project would not result in an increased potential for inundation by seiche, tsunami, or mudflow. Implementation of the master plans would not affect the potential for these events to occur; impacts would be less than significant. 4.7.44.7.44.7.44.7.4 MitigatioMitigatioMitigatioMitigation Measuresn Measuresn Measuresn Measures Implementation of the following mitigation measure will reduce the likelihood of a loss of a structure within a floodplain during a flood event. ! For projects proposed with the 100-year floodplain, a scour analysis of the floodplains associated with Buena Vista and Agua Hedionda creeks shall be completed during final project design to determine the likelihood for washout of a pipeline or project facility during a flood event. Design and construction specification of the pipeline will incorporate recommendations from the report to ensure that potential impacts from scouring do not comprise the integrity of the pipeline. The list of projects located within the 100-year floodplain is found in Tables S-1 and S-2. In addition to incorporation of project design features shown in Table 2-5, mitigation measures described below shall be implemented in order to reduce impacts to water 4.7 Hydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.7-11 quality to less than significant. ! Dewatering activities will be conducted in accordance with standard regulations of the RWQCB. A dewatering permit will be obtained. ! Discharge of groundwater will require a NPDES General Storm Water Permit that will include provisions for implementation of BMPs to reduce potential water quality impacts. ! Material stockpiled during construction shall be placed such that interference with onsite drainage patterns will be minimized or avoided. During rain events, stockpiles shall be covered with impermeable materials such as tarps in order to allow flow from the construction site to occur without excessive sediment loading. ! Potential water quality impacts to 303(d) listed water bodies (Agua Hedionda Creek and Lagoon, Buena Vista Lagoon) will be assessed as part of project-level water quality analyses for each individual project component with a potential to affect these water bodies. The list of project components that would potentially affect the 303(d) water bodies is found in Tables S-1 and S-2. 4.7.54.7.54.7.54.7.5 Residual Impacts After MitigationResidual Impacts After MitigationResidual Impacts After MitigationResidual Impacts After Mitigation All impacts are mitigable to a level below significance by implementation of the measures listed in Table 2-5 and in Section 4.7.4; the residual impact is less than significant. 4.7 Hydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water QualityHydrology and Water Quality July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.7-12 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 4.8 Land UseLand UseLand UseLand Use and Planning and Planning and Planning and Planning July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.8-1 4.84.84.84.8 LAND USE AND PLANNINGLAND USE AND PLANNINGLAND USE AND PLANNINGLAND USE AND PLANNING This chapter evaluates the physical and policy-level impacts of the proposed project on existing, planned, and proposed land uses. The land use analysis of existing land uses was based on a review of land use maps, aerial photographs, and limited site visits. Planned land use information was obtained from applicable planning documents of the affected jurisdictions. A review of the City of Carlsbad’s files pertaining to planned or recently proposed projects within the project study area was also conducted, and City planning staff were consulted. Aside from impacts to the existing and planned land uses analyzed by this section, a number of additional land use related topics are addressed elsewhere in this Program EIR. Aesthetics is discussed in Section 4.1; Air Quality issues are described in Section 4.2; Noise is discussed in Section 4.9, and Traffic issues are discussed in Section 4.10. 4.8.14.8.14.8.14.8.1 Existing ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting Conditions Land use planning and development approval is guided by federal, state, and local governmental agencies and their adopted policies and ordinances. Each jurisdiction is responsible for maintaining a quality environment for its citizens and users through adoption of long-range planning documents. These documents contain goals, policies, implementation procedures, and regulatory controls to guide and enforce conformance. The most common guide used by local jurisdictions to define land use patterns is the general plan. Land use elements of general plan documents typically contain those policies and maps governing land use compatibility within the jurisdiction. All zoning within a jurisdiction must be consistent with the plans, programs, and policies of the general plan. The proposed project includes multiple components that are geographically dispersed, predominantly located within the City of Carlsbad. For illustrative purposes, Figure 2-2 shows the general location of project components in relation to the affected jurisdictional entities. The applicable jurisdictions and their adopted planning documents are discussed below, with an emphasis on the policies contained in the respective community facility and land use elements. Existing Land UseExisting Land UseExisting Land UseExisting Land Use The City of Carlsbad is a coastal jurisdiction bordered generally on the north by the cities of Oceanside and Vista, on the east by Vista and San Marcos, and on the south by Encinitas. Approximately 68 percent of the City is undeveloped, with the remainder being developed with a variety of land uses. Of the developed areas, 55 percent is 4.8 Land UseLand UseLand UseLand Use and Planning and Planning and Planning and Planning July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.8-2 residential uses, 17 percent is commercial and/or industrial use, and another 17 percent is comprised of open space uses. The remaining 10 percent of the developed areas consists of public uses and utility right-of-ways. The majority of existing commercial development within the City is located along El Camino Real, immediately south of Highway 78, and south of Cannon Road along I-5. In addition, existing commercial uses predominate the City’s downtown along with numerous hotels and service stations along the I-5. Industrial land uses are primarily concentrated within the City’s centralized industrial corridor which surrounds Palomar Airport and extends in a broad band generally to the eastern and western City limits. The majority of developed areas located immediately north of Palomar Airport in the Carlsbad Research Center and at the I-5 and Poinsettia Lane interchange consist of mixed industrial/commercial uses. The majority of open space land is composed of three major lagoons located within the City, including Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda and Batiquitos and their associated tributaries. Other major open space areas include Calavera Lake and the Veteran’s Memorial Park site. Dispersed Civic activities such as schools, parks, city buildings and storage yards are located throughout the City. Regulations and Planning PoliciesRegulations and Planning PoliciesRegulations and Planning PoliciesRegulations and Planning Policies The Growth Management and Public Facilities Section of the City’s General Plan Land Use Element contains goals and objectives, which outline the City’s desire to ensure the timely provision of public facilities, and maintenance of its existing facilities, which will adequately serve the projected population and preserve the quality of life of residents. For example, policies within this Element of the General Plan require the City to ensure pipeline capacity will meet demand, as determined by the CMWD and CSD, concurrently with development, and cooperate with other jurisdictions to ensure the timely provision of water distribution and sewage disposal capacity. The Public Utility and Storm Drainage Facilities Section of the City’s Circulation Element also contains relevant policies for the provision and maintenance of water and sewer infrastructure. These policies include maintaining master plans for the expansion of local water and sewer facilities, coordinating the planning and construction of public utilities with existing public utilities in adjoining neighborhoods, and ensuring continued coordination between the City and special utility districts and public utility companies operating in Carlsbad. San Diego County Multiple Habitat Conservation ProgramSan Diego County Multiple Habitat Conservation ProgramSan Diego County Multiple Habitat Conservation ProgramSan Diego County Multiple Habitat Conservation Program As described in Section 4.3, the MHCP is a regional effort conducted in conjunction with Section 10a of the Federal Endangered Species Act and the California Natural 4.8 Land UseLand UseLand UseLand Use and Planning and Planning and Planning and Planning July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.8-3 Communities Conservation Planning Act and is the framework for development of a regional habitat preserve for many increasingly rare plant and wildlife species in northwestern San Diego County. The MHCP is a multi-jurisdictional planning effort which has included the cities of Oceanside, Vista, San Marcos, Escondido, Encinitas, Carlsbad, and Solana Beach. Each city is tasked with developing a sub-area plan in order to set about policies and regulatory mechanisms to carry out the goals outlined in the regional MHCP. Other Applicable Regional PlansOther Applicable Regional PlansOther Applicable Regional PlansOther Applicable Regional Plans The project’s consistency with other applicable regional plans are analyzed in the respective section of this Program EIR. These include the SANDAG Congestion Management Plan and Regional Transportation Plan, which are addressed in Section 4.10; the Regional Air Quality Strategy (refer to Section 4.2); and the RWQCB Basin Plan for the San Diego Basin (as identified in Section 4.7). 4.8.24.8.24.8.24.8.2 Significance Criteria Significance Criteria Significance Criteria Significance Criteria The proposed project would have a significant effect on land use if it would: ! Physically divide an established community; ! Conflict with any applicable land use plan, policy, or regulation of an agency with jurisdiction over the project (including but not limited to the general plan, specific plan, local coastal program, or zoning ordinance) adopted for the purpose of avoiding or mitigating an environmental effect; or ! Conflict with any applicable habitat conservation plan or natural community conservation plan. 4.8.34.8.34.8.34.8.3 Impact AImpact AImpact AImpact Analysisnalysisnalysisnalysis The Master Plans include both major and minor project components, including facilities for water storage, water distribution and sewer collection that interact with local land uses in a number of ways. Most of the projects included in the Master Plans fall into two major categories. The first category includes below-ground facilities such as pipelines which are installed in easements or rights-of-way and do not have local land use effects of significance after installation or rehabilitation, except when maintenance is required. The second category includes more visible improvements such as water storage 4.8 Land UseLand UseLand UseLand Use and Planning and Planning and Planning and Planning July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.8-4 reservoirs, pump stations, and lift stations, which can be built partially or completely aboveground. Pipelines, and to a lesser extent other water and sewer infrastructure, are installed in public rights-of-way in existing or planned roads as much as possible. During construction and if maintenance is necessary, there are potential indirect impacts associated with traffic and possible conflicts with other utilities. Impacts may also occur in areas where pipelines are installed in public street rights-of-way or to natural resources where pipelines leave public street rights-of-way to connect, for instance, to reservoirs or pump stations. As shown in Figure 2-2, a majority of proposed facility improvements will be rehabilitated or constructed either on public property already developed with similar facilities, or, in the case of pipelines, within existing public roadways and utility rights- of-way. In some cases, pipelines may be routed in private or easement roads that provide access to private property and residences. Construction for either installation of new facilities or rehabilitation of existing components can affect access and the grade or surfacing of the road. Therefore, as part of the project design features, the Districts will be required to conduct the work in such a way that reasonable access is maintained throughout and to restore road surfaces, in both public and private rights-of-way, to their pre-existing condition or better (refer to Table 2-5). Development and rehabilitation of the master planned facilities may occur in areas where sensitive natural or cultural resources are present. It is the policy of the Districts that wherever such impacts from projects within the scope of the Program EIR may occur, they will be mitigated to a level below significance. General mitigation guidelines are established in this Program EIR and are to be followed on a project-specific basis as discussed in the Biological Resources, Cultural Resources, and Geology and Soils sections of the document. These mitigation measures are designed to reduce the potential impacts to below a level of significance. The water components located near the Maerkle Reservoir (components 28 and 29) are proposed to be constructed on undeveloped land, designated Open Space in the Carlsbad General Plan. The Open Space designation does not preclude these necessary utility/infrastructure facilities. Also, these facilities would be similar to the existing Maerkle PS and reservoir, and would be consistent with the existing land use and would not conflict with the Open Space designation. Component 28, the proposed reservoir, would not be visually intrusive since it is proposed to be buried adjacent to the existing reservoir. Enlarging the existing Maerkle PS (water component 29) would not alter the existing land use of the site. Land use impacts would be less than significant. 4.8 Land UseLand UseLand UseLand Use and Planning and Planning and Planning and Planning July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.8-5 Water component 1, a proposed new watermain and PRS, would be located within future Marron Road. Although the existing easterly section of the road is not built, the watermain would be co-located within the future road, and land use impacts would be less than significant. Also, a number of large water lines are proposed within future roads that are being developed as part of other development projects in the City (as shown in Figure 2-3 and described in Section 2.4). These include components 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 23. Since these facilities would be installed within future roads as part of those projects, they would be compatible from a land use perspective and impacts would not be significant. Further analysis is provided as part of the individual CEQA reviews as identified in Table 2-2. The proposed site for water component 20, the proposed pump station at the southeast corner of Palomar Airport Road and El Camino Real, is designated Governmental Facility in the City General Plan. The project would be consistent with this designation and impacts would be less than significant. The new water reservoir proposed adjacent to the existing D-3 reservoir (component 27) would be located in a residential area, and due to its proposed siting adjacent to similar infrastructure uses, land use impacts would be less than significant. The proposed sewer lift station abandonments and improvement projects would not result in any long-term land use conflicts. Lift station improvement projects would not result in an alteration of the existing or planned land use. Similarly, removal of a lift station would result in land being cleared of the aboveground facility and would not result in land use effects. For water component 32, located within the city of Oceanside, the abandonment of nine water wells near Foussat Road is currently being reviewed in a separate CEQA document (City of Carlsbad 2003). Within the City of San Marcos just east of Carlsbad, water component 26 is located within the Palomar Airport Road right-of-way and due to its proposed location, is unlikely to conflict with any land use plans of the City of San Marcos. Potential conflicts with utilities, including natural gas lines or electrical conduits, are identified in the engineering and design stage of all projects. The Districts’ policy is to coordinate all construction, repair, and maintenance activities with any other utility owner whose facilities may be affected in the planning stage. Potential impacts are mitigated to the greatest extent feasible and to a level below significance by this policy. 4.8 Land UseLand UseLand UseLand Use and Planning and Planning and Planning and Planning July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.8-6 Land Use CompatibilityLand Use CompatibilityLand Use CompatibilityLand Use Compatibility The City retains authority for existing infrastructure and planned capacity improvements to support all designated land uses in the City of Carlsbad General Plan. The CMWD and CSD facilities are necessary infrastructure elements for all types of development. The Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates were developed after a careful survey of existing development, planned development, General Plan designations, and other land use planning features and documents. As a result, the projected phasing and intensity of future improvements are based on the most up-to-date land use information available. The Master Plans were designed to provide the City with orderly plans for the development of water utilities to meet the present and future needs of the City as reflected in the General Plan. The plans are therefore consistent with and provide a blueprint for implementing the policies related to water and sewer infrastructure expressed in the General Plan Land Use and Circulation Elements. As described in Section 4.8.1, these policies mandate the orderly development of adequate water utility facilities to meet existing needs and future growth requirements. The Master Plan Updates are intended by the CMWD and CSD to implement the policies of the General Plan Land Use Element in an integrated fashion, and have been designed to be consistent with the General Plan. From a standpoint of local land use designations and zoning, all project components in the Master Plan Updates are either compatible with local land use regulations or would be compatible, subject to use permit limitations. The projects would not physically divide an established community; once construction is complete, the linear pipeline projects would not be noticeable. Land use impacts would be less than significant. Additionally, as discussed in the Transportation/Traffic section, potential impacts for traffic will also be mitigated to the greatest extent feasible by coordination with the affected planning departments, as well as all other agencies with jurisdiction over the project. Where work is done in public street rights-of-way, project design plans will be required to conform with the most current edition of the Caltrans Traffic Control Manual. Further, all traffic control plans shall be designed in accordance with Caltrans’ Manual of Traffic Controls for Construction and Maintenance Work Zones. Adherence with these project design features will ensure that traffic-related land use impacts do not breach a level of significance (refer to Table 2.1). 4.8 Land UseLand UseLand UseLand Use and Planning and Planning and Planning and Planning July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.8-7 The coastal zone for the City of Carlsbad is located west of El Camino Real. As portions of the proposed project are located in this area, they have the potential to affect the Coastal Zone, and some activities will be subject to a Coastal Development Permit (CDP). Since Carlsbad has an approved Local Coastal Program (LCP) as of 1996, the City acts as the local permitting authority for the issuance of CDPs for projects located within its Coastal Zone, with a few exceptions. There are “exclusionary areas” where the state retains permitting authority. For example, Agua Hedionda Lagoon lies outside of Carlsbad’s permitting authority, and projects in its vicinity would require a CDP from the State California Coastal Commission. All projects in the Carlsbad coastal zone will require review for consistency with the LCP and California Coastal Act prior to issuance of a CDP. The future required review and issuance of CDPs would ensure that infrastructure projects, particularly those located outside of public rights-of-way or property or in sensitive areas, will be consistent with the LCP; individual components would require this review on a project-by-project basis to ensure that impacts would be less than significant. For other development approvals by local jurisdictions outside the City of Carlsbad but within the Districts’ service areas, project design engineers are required to coordinate the design with the City. These projects might also require discretionary permits. Future potential land use impacts that might result from a need for necessary infrastructure improvements would be evaluated at the time of project design and review. The projects proposed in the Master Plan Updates would not conflict with any existing general plan, coastal plan or any other land use plan or policy. Consequently, no adverse impact to land use planning would result from implementation of the Master Plans. 4.8.4 4.8.4 4.8.4 4.8.4 Mitigation MeasuresMitigation MeasuresMitigation MeasuresMitigation Measures No mitigation measures are required beyond those identified in the Biological Resources, Cultural Resources, and Geology and Soils sections of this document. 4.8.5 4.8.5 4.8.5 4.8.5 Residual Impact After MitigationResidual Impact After MitigationResidual Impact After MitigationResidual Impact After Mitigation Land use impacts would be less than significant. 4.8 Land UseLand UseLand UseLand Use and Planning and Planning and Planning and Planning July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.8-8 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 4.9 Noise July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.9-1 4.94.94.94.9 NOISENOISENOISENOISE This section will provide existing noise guidelines information and analyze the proposed project’s consistency with these guidelines. Noise is defined as unwanted or undesired sound. Sound levels can be measured fairly easily, however, the variability is subjective and physical response to sound complicates the identification of noise impacts. The basic terminology and concepts of noise are described below. Noise is generally defined as unwanted sound. The noise environment in the City of Carlsbad is characterized by various levels of natural, man-made, and mechanical noise generated from airborne, mobile, and stationary sources. Sound (noise) levels are measured in decibels (dB). Table 4.9-1 depicts common sound levels for various noise sources. Community noise levels are measured in terms of the A-weighted sound level. The A-weighted scale adjusts the measured sound levels to generally correspond with the way the human ear responds to sound. All sound levels discussed in this section are A-weighted. TABLE 4.9-1 TYPICAL SOUND LEVELS MEASURED IN THE ENVIRONMENT AND INDUSTRY NOISE SOURCE A-WEIGHTED SOUND LEVEL IN DECIBELS NOISE ENVIRONMENT SUBJECTIVE IMPRESSION 130 120 Threshold of Pain Civil Defense Siren (100 ft.) 110 Rock Music Concert Pile Driver (50 ft.) 100 Very Loud Power Lawn Mower (3 ft.) Motorcycle (25 ft.) 90 Boiler Room Diesel Truck (50 ft.) Printing Press Plant Garbage Disposal (3 ft.) 80 Vacuum Cleaner (3 ft.) 70 Moderately Loud 60 Normal Conversation (3 ft.) Department Store Light Traffic (100 ft.) 50 Private Business Office Bird Calls (distant) 40 Quiet 30 Quiet Bedroom 20 Recording Studio 10 Threshold of Hearing Soft Whisper 0 * Table contents compiled through various sources. See references Section 9.0. Additional units of measurement have been developed to evaluate the long-term 4.9 Noise July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.9-2 characteristics of sound. The equivalent sound level or Leq, also referred to as the average sound level, is a single-number representing the fluctuating sound level in dB over a specified period of time. It is a sound-energy average of the fluctuating level and is equal to a constant unchanging sound of that dB level. People are generally more sensitive and annoyed by noise during the evening and nighttime. Therefore, another noise descriptor used in community noise assessments, termed the Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) was introduced. The CNEL scale represents a time-weighted 24-hour sensitivity during the evening (7:00 p.m. to 10:00 p.m.) and nighttime hours (10 p.m. to 7 a.m.) by adding five and ten decibels, respectively, to the average sound levels occurring during these hours. 4.9.14.9.14.9.14.9.1 Existing ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting Conditions According to the General Plan (1994), the primary noise-sensitive land use in the City of Carlsbad is residential land use. Libraries, churches and some passive parks and recreation areas also represent noise sensitive land uses. Traffic represents the most significant noise source in Carlsbad. Interstate 5 has the greatest existing and projected roadway noise emissions. In addition, I-5 impacts the greatest number of existing dwellings. Additional noise sources located within the city include: Palomar Airport, located west of El Camino Real, just north of Palomar Airport Road; the AT&SF Railroad, which runs parallel to the coastline through its 6.5 mile length in Carlsbad; and motor boats which utilize the Agua Hedionda Lagoon. Noise generation is minimal or limited in the exclusively residential portions of the City, and in rural or undeveloped areas. City of Carlsbad General PlanCity of Carlsbad General PlanCity of Carlsbad General PlanCity of Carlsbad General Plan The primary goal of the Noise Element of the Carlsbad General Plan is to achieve and maintain an environment which is free from objectionable, excessive or harmful noise (City of Carlsbad 1994). It establishes goals, objectives, and policies to help mitigate existing and future environmental noise levels from sources within and adjacent to the City, and provides policies and action programs to implement the goals and objectives. Noise Control Ordinance Noise Control Ordinance Noise Control Ordinance Noise Control Ordinance The City of Carlsbad does not have a comprehensive noise ordinance. However, Chapter 8.48 limits hours of construction to normal weekday working hours. Specifically, construction noise is not allowed after sunset any day; before 7:00 a.m. weekdays; 4.9 Noise July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.9-3 before 8:00 a.m. Saturday, Sunday, and on seven holidays. The City enforces the California Penal Code Section 415 when annoying noise occurs. Also, the City has a Noise Guidelines Manual (September 1995) with which projects must be consistent. 4.9.24.9.24.9.24.9.2 Significance Criteria Significance Criteria Significance Criteria Significance Criteria The following criteria are used to determine the significance of an impact: ! Exposure of persons to or generation of noise levels in excess of standards established in the local general plan or noise ordinance or applicable standards of other agencies; ! Exposure of persons to or generation of excessive groundborne vibration or groundborne noise levels; ! A substantial permanent increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project; ! A substantial temporary or periodic increase in ambient noise levels in the project vicinity above levels existing without the project; ! For a project located within an airport land use plan or, where such a plan has not been adopted, within 2 miles of a public airport or public use airport, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels; or ! For a project within the vicinity of a private airstrip, would the project expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels. 4.9.34.9.34.9.34.9.3 Impact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact Analysis Potential noise impacts are commonly divided into two groups; temporary and long- term. Temporary impacts are usually associated with noise generated by construction activities. Long-term impacts are associated with impacts on surrounding land uses generated from operation and maintenance of the project related facilities. The construction noise specifics of the various phases of the project warrant additional analysis by technical noise studies prepared in accordance with the applicable CEQA guidelines. 4.9 Noise July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.9-4 Short-term acoustic impacts are those associated with construction activities necessary to implement the proposed facilities. Associated noise levels will be higher than the existing ambient noise levels, but would subside once construction is completed. Two types of noise impacts should be considered during the construction phase. First, the transport of workers and equipment to the construction areas will incrementally increase noise levels along the roadways leading to and from the project areas. Second, the noise generated by the actual on-site construction activities will be audible to adjacent sensitive receptors. The highest noise levels associated with construction typically occur with earth moving equipment which includes excavating machinery (backhoes, bulldozers, excavators, trenchers, front loaders, etc.) and road building equipment (compactors, scrapers, graders, etc.). Noise levels at 50 feet from earth moving equipment typically range from 73 to 96 dBA (Bolt, Beranek, and Newman 1971). Construction equipment noise typically has a drop-off rate of 6 dBA per doubling of distance (i.e., at 100 feet, noise levels associated with the earth moving equipment would be approximately 67 to 90 dBA). Construction and rehabilitation efforts for the project components would result in noise impacts to various types of sensitive receptors including, residences, businesses, schools, and libraries. The associated construction activities would increase the ambient noise levels above existing conditions, which could be perceived as annoying to sensitive receptors in the area. However, this impact is temporary and would disappear once construction is completed. Provided that all construction activities do not conflict with the Carlsbad Noise Control Ordinance, no significant impacts would result from construction. Construction activities are not anticipated to exceed the noise standards of affected jurisdictions. To help minimize the impacts of construction the City shall provide public noticing for their proposed construction activities, and will appoint a public liaison who will respond to concerns of neighboring residents about noise and other construction disturbance (refer to Table 2-5). The projects within the two Master Plan Updates were evaluated for the potential to generate significant noise that would affect nearby sensitive receptors. Some of the projects (e.g., the new PS proposed with water component 20), while potentially resulting in increases in ambient noise levels, are not located in areas adjacent to sensitive receptors. One project, sewer component 12, involves reducing noise and incorporating odor control measures. Of the projects in the two Master Plan Updates, the following have the potential for significant noise impacts on nearby receptors: 4.9 Noise July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.9-5 ! New water reservoir next to existing D-3 Reservoir (water component 27) ! New water reservoir adjacent to the existing Maerkle Reservoir (water component 28) ! Maerkle Pump Station Capacity Improvements (water component 29) ! Calavera PS Upgrades (water component 36) ! Lift station upgrades at the Terramar, Villas, and Gateshead Lift Stations (sewer component 7) ! Home Plant Lift Station Improvements (sewer component 9) ! Agua Hedionda Lift Station Improvements (sewer component 32) ! South Agua Hedionda/Kelly Ranch Lift Station (sewer component 34) New pump or lift stations and expansion or improvement of existing pump or lift stations beyond present plant boundaries should be evaluated in the design stage to assure that sensitive receptors are not significantly affected (that is, above 60 dBA CNEL) and applicable engineering mitigation is required if necessary. Noise impacts from construction activities would be minimal within industrial and manufacturing districts, as these areas do not contain sensitive receptors and their associated ambient noise levels are generally high. Similarly, project related construction noise would have no impact within Open Space areas, as these areas are located in remote locations and devoid of sensitive receptors. However, the associated noise could potentially affect wildlife species which utilize the affected Open Space areas for habitat or migration. Construction-related noise impacts to wildlife are discussed in Section 4.3, Biological Resources. No significant noise related impacts would occur within industrial, manufacturing or open space areas as a result of short-term construction activities. Operation of the project facilities would not create a significant impact on any sensitive receptors with regard to noise. Once constructed, the pipeline segments would not result in any noise impacts as the fluid flow of water or sewage within an underground pipeline would not be audible. Noise levels are not anticipated to exceed the limits expressed in the City’s Noise Guidelines Manual. Occasional maintenance and 4.9 Noise July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.9-6 emergency repair activities will generate some additional noise; however, these activities are sporadic in nature and do not occur at the same location for long periods of time. Typically, pump stations and lift stations of the types proposed in the Master Plan Updates do not produce high levels of operational noise. PS facilities are most likely to produce perceptible noise off the facility site, with the source of noise being the motors used to power the pumps. In normal operation, the pumps are powered by electric motors, and pumping stations are typically housed in masonry enclosures, which are effective in attenuating noise. The Districts also attempt to assure that an adequate area around their pumping stations and other facilities buffers the facilities from nearby sensitive receptors, such as residences to ensure that noise does not exceed the Noise Guidelines limits. In some cases, the City provides additional noise mitigation in those facilities. Also, pressure-reducing stations do not typically produce any noticeable noise outside of the structure. Therefore, no long-term operational noise impacts are anticipated to occur as a result of the project. The project’s potential to result in excessive groundborne vibration to sensitive receptors would need to be assessed at the individual project-level review. Groundborne vibration can occur in areas adjacent to pump stations. In addition, some facilities may require blasting activities during construction, which may also result in vibration effects. Although a number of the proposed project components would be located within the McClellan-Palomar Airport Land Use Plan, the project would not expose people residing or working in the project area to excessive noise levels. The construction of the facilities in the airport vicinity would be short-term and would not contribute to a long-term noise effect. Additional information regarding the Airport Land Use Plan is described in Section 4.6. 4.9.44.9.44.9.44.9.4 Mitigation MeasuresMitigation MeasuresMitigation MeasuresMitigation Measures The projects designated for a noise study in Tables S-1 and S-2 shall be evaluated in the design and environmental Initial Study phases to determine if potential noise impacts in excess of City Noise Control Ordinance limits or the City’s Noise Guidelines Manual would result. If such a potential exists, a noise study shall be conducted including recommendations for mitigation. Mitigation shall be designed to assure that noise produced by operation of the facility shall not cause the limits in the Noise Control Ordinance or Noise Guidelines Manual to be exceeded, and any such mitigation shall be required as part of the project. 4.9 Noise July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.9-7 Also, a site-specific acoustical analysis will be required for any project located within 500 feet of any residential dwellings, which will ensure compliance with the City’s construction noise and outdoor noise standards. It is assumed that potentially significant impacts will be mitigated by future mitigation measures developed at the project level of analysis. 4.9.54.9.54.9.54.9.5 Residual Impact After MitigationResidual Impact After MitigationResidual Impact After MitigationResidual Impact After Mitigation Impacts would be less than significant. 4.9 Noise July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.9-8 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 4.10 Transportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/Traffic July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.10-1 4.104.104.104.10 TRANSPORTATION/TRAFFICTRANSPORTATION/TRAFFICTRANSPORTATION/TRAFFICTRANSPORTATION/TRAFFIC The study area for this analysis includes roadways directly affected by the proposed project and is based on existing and planned roadway classifications obtained from the City of Carlsbad. The following analysis provides information on the existing area roadways, and identifies current lane configurations, average daily traffic (ADT) volume, roadway capacity, and level of service (LOS). Roadway capacity has been defined as the maximum number of vehicles that can pass over a roadway during a given period of time under prevailing roadway and traffic conditions. The maximum capacity is determined from roadway factors (such as right-of-way widths, lateral clearance, shoulders, surface conditions, alignment and grades) as well as traffic factors (such as vehicle composition, distribution by lane, peaking characteristics and traffic control devices, intersections, etc.). Capacity is usually given as the hourly service volume at the upper limit of LOS, which indicates the maximum number of vehicles that could be expected to travel a section of roadway in a day. 4.10.14.10.14.10.14.10.1 Existing ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting ConditionsExisting Conditions The City of Carlsbad’s transportation system is generally meandering, due to the presence of natural topographic constraints (e.g., steep hills, lagoons). Portions of the I- 5 freeway and SR-78 bring regional traffic into and through the City. Several of the City’s existing major arterials also carry through traffic as well as local traffic. The City of Carlsbad contains three major arterial roads including El Camino Real which runs north and south through the center of the City, Palomar Airport Road which runs east/west through the center of the City, and Rancho Santa Fe Road which runs along the southern and easterly boundary of the City. Most City streets are paved with curbs and gutters, and water and sewer pipelines are usually located in public street rights-of-way for easy access and maintenance. Private roadways and easements are also sometimes used to provide access to the various water and sewer facilities. Where construction occurs in public right-of-way, the City has standardized procedures for regulating traffic during construction projects. The procedures are based on the accepted engineering principles and practiced cited in the Caltrans Traffic Control Manual for traffic safety and control in construction work zones. These procedures include traffic schedules, signage, lighting, lane configurations, and lane markers. 4.10 Transportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/Traffic July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.10-2 4.10.24.10.24.10.24.10.2 SignificanceSignificanceSignificanceSignificance Criteria Criteria Criteria Criteria A project is considered to have a significant impact on the operation of a roadway segment or intersection when one of the following occurs: ! Cause an increase in traffic, which is substantial in relation to the existing traffic load and capacity of the street system (i.e., result in a substantial increase in either the number of vehicle trips, the volume to capacity ratio on roads, or congestion at intersections); ! Exceed, either individually or cumulatively, a level of service standard established by the county congestion management agency for designated roads or highways; ! Result in a change in air traffic patterns, including either an increase in traffic levels or a change in location that results in substantial safety risks; ! Substantially increase hazards due to a design feature (e.g., sharp curves or dangerous intersections) or incompatible uses (e.g., farm equipment); ! Result in inadequate emergency access; ! Result in insufficient parking capacity; ! Conflict with adopted policies, plans, or programs supporting alternative transportation (e.g., bus turn-outs, bicycle racks). 4.10.34.10.34.10.34.10.3 Impact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact AnalysisImpact Analysis Traffic GenerationTraffic GenerationTraffic GenerationTraffic Generation Most of the proposed facilities, once installed, would require infrequent site visits by maintenance staff. The project would predominantly result in short-term traffic effects during construction of the various project components. The short-term effects would require additional review once detailed project construction plans become available. Impacts were generally evaluated for portions of the proposed project that would require construction within existing streets. The operational phase of the proposed project would generate minimal traffic required for routine maintenance and emergency repair. Some increase in traffic would result from maintenance activities in the form of 4.10 Transportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/Traffic July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.10-3 employee trips and the delivery of supplies, but these would be overall minor activities when compared to the existing circulation system. The proposed project would not result in long-term impacts to traffic. Traffic will be generated during project construction. The primary sources of construction traffic would be workers, delivery of materials and removal of excess material. Typically for pipeline projects, approximately 8 to 12 construction workers are expected on a daily basis for each segment of pipe being constructed and/or rehabilitated, and an average of 4 trucks per day to and from the site is anticipated for delivery and removal of materials. Project construction within study area roadways would consist of excavation, pipeline construction, backfilling and repaving. A typical pipeline construction area is approximately 30 feet wide and would progress at a rate of approximately 200 feet per day. Multiple project components may be constructed simultaneously. Construction of all project components, creation of staging and storage areas, and installation of facilities such as PRS components will take place, in part, in existing public street rights-of-way, along with the use of construction equipment. Potential impacts include disruption of traffic from lane closures, detours, increased truck and other construction-related traffic, and disruption of access to local businesses and residences in some cases. These types of impacts may affect local circulation during the short-term course of construction activities. Short-term construction traffic would require implementation of a traffic control plan (TCP). The project TCPs would need to be developed in accordance with City of Carlsbad and Caltrans traffic control guidelines and would need to specifically address construction traffic, traffic safety measures, and use of signage and flag personnel where necessary (refer to Section 4.10.4). The construction traffic-related specifics of the various phases of the project warrant additional analysis by technical traffic survey/studies prepared in accordance with the applicable CEQA guidelines. Overall, short-term traffic impacts are considered potentially significant. This conclusion would be more fully explored by the project-specific technical traffic studies prepared at later design phases for each project, as necessary. Refer to Section 4.10.4 below for a description of traffic mitigation measures. Air Traffic PatternsAir Traffic PatternsAir Traffic PatternsAir Traffic Patterns The project does not involve any changes in air traffic patterns, and does not involve 4.10 Transportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/Traffic July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.10-4 construction of facilities that would have the potential to impact air traffic patterns. Please refer to Section 4.6, Hazards and Hazardous Materials for additional information on air traffic safety. Impacts would be less than significant. HazardsHazardsHazardsHazards Construction activities would require lane closures which could result in short-term impacts to traffic patterns and result in temporary traffic congestion and potential traffic hazards. Construction of the various components would also cause temporary disruption of access to residences and businesses along the construction route. Consequently, portions of the affected roadway links may require detours or flagger assistance to maintain acceptable operation of the roadways, and access to all properties. Closing or altering access to individual properties, lane closures, and subjecting any portion of existing roadways to notable increases in construction traffic are considered potentially significant, and mitigation is required. Construction of sewer component 30 (the Buena Vista Lift Station forcemain) would involve encroachment within the right-of-way of I-5. Altering access or interfering with a public facility such as Caltrans’ interstate freeway system is considered a potentially significant impact; therefore, mitigation is required. Emergency AccessEmergency AccessEmergency AccessEmergency Access The project’s effects on emergency access and emergency response plans is analyzed in Section 4.6.3; the project would not result in inadequate emergency access, and impacts would be less than significant. Parking EffectsParking EffectsParking EffectsParking Effects Construction of the individual projects would result in some short-term parking needs by workers at the sites. No portion of the projects would result in long-term parking needs by maintenance crews or others. Because relatively few vehicles are necessary, and because most parking needs would be short-term during construction only, impacts to existing parking capacity are not anticipated to be significant. Consistency with Other PlaConsistency with Other PlaConsistency with Other PlaConsistency with Other Plans and Policies Supporting Alternative ns and Policies Supporting Alternative ns and Policies Supporting Alternative ns and Policies Supporting Alternative TransportationTransportationTransportationTransportation SANDAG’s Congestion Management Plan (CMP) was adopted on November 11, 1991, 4.10 Transportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/Traffic July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.10-5 and is intended to directly link land use, transportation and air quality concerns through level of service performance. Local agencies are required by statute to conform to the CMP. The CMP requires an enhanced CEQA review for all large projects that are expected to generate more than 2,400 ADT or more than 200 weekday peak hour trips. Since the project is calculated to generate less than these amounts, this level of review is not required of the proposed project and the project is consistent with the goals of the CMP, and impacts would be less than significant. Similarly, SANDAG has produced a 2020 Regional Transportation Plan (RTP) in April 2000 that identifies those projects needed to improve transportation significantly over the next 20 years. The RTP sets four key objectives; specifically, average time to get to work (24 minutes or less), number of miles of deficient segments in the freeway system (29 miles or less), number of transit riders (minimum 400,000 trips per day), and increase in transportation revenues (65 percent increase). The RTP contains plans and policies to improve mobility in the region by recommending new facilities and the expansion of transit services, programs to manage travel demand, and changes to local land use policies. The proposed project, although temporarily disrupting traffic flow on regional roadways during construction, would not conflict with overall goals of the RTP, and impacts would be less than significant. 4.10.4 4.10.4 4.10.4 4.10.4 Mitigation MeasuresMitigation MeasuresMitigation MeasuresMitigation Measures Tables S-1 and S-2 identify the project components that would require the following mitigation measures. 1. The Districts will obtain an encroachment permit from respective local and state authorities, as required prior to the commencement of the construction phase within the affected right-of-ways. This process will include submittal of project plans, review of plans by the respective authorities, possible revisions of the plans relative to concerns brought forth by the issuing agency and issuance of the respective permit. Potential permitting agencies include Caltrans, North County Transit District (NCTD), Cities, and the County of San Diego. All roadway features (signs, pavement, delineation, roadway surface) and structures with the State right-of-way shall be protected, maintained in a temporary condition, or restored. 2. A TCP shall be prepared prior to construction and implemented for all affected roadways. The TCP shall be prepared in accordance with Caltrans Manual of Traffic Controls for Construction and Maintenance Work Zones [1996 (Revision 4.10 Transportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/Traffic July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.10-6 2) edition], and with the City of Carlsbad’s traffic control guidelines. It will be prepared to ensure that access will be maintained to individual properties and businesses, and that emergency access will not be restricted. Additionally, the TCP will ensure that congestion and delay of traffic resulting from project construction are not substantially increased and will be of a short-term nature. The TCP will show all signage, striping, delineate detours, flagging operations, and any other procedures which will be used during construction to guide motorists safely through the construction zone and allow for a minimum of one lane of travel. The TCP will also include provisions for coordinating with local emergency service providers regarding construction times and locations of lane closures as well as specifications for bicycle lane safety. The limits of construction work area(s) and suggested alternate traffic routes for through traffic will be published in a local newspaper periodically throughout the construction period. In addition, the construction contractor or the Districts shall provide not less than a two-week written notice prior to the start of construction by mailing to owners/occupants along streets to be impacted during construction. During construction, the Districts shall ensure that continuous, unobstructed, safe and adequate pedestrian and vehicular access to and from public facilities such as public utility stations and community centers will be provided, and to commercial/ industrial establishments. If normal access to these facilities is blocked by construction alternative access shall be provided. Should this occur, the Districts shall coordinate with the businesses or each facility’s administrators in preparing a plan for alternative access. During construction, the Districts shall maintain continuous vehicular and pedestrian access to residential driveways from the public street to the private property line, except where necessary construction precludes such continuous access for reasonable periods of time. For example, when a given pipeline segment is initially being excavated, access to individual driveways may be closed during the course of a workday. Access shall be reestablished at the end of the workday. If a driveway needs to be closed or interfered with as described above, the construction contractor shall notify the owner or occupant of the closure of the driveway at least five working days prior to the closure. Methods to maintain safe vehicular and pedestrian access include the installation 4.10 Transportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/Traffic July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.10-7 of temporary bridge or steel plates to cross over unfilled excavations. Whenever sidewalks or roadways are removed for construction, the contractor shall place temporary sidewalks or roadways promptly after backfilling until the final restoration has been made. The TCP shall include provisions to ensure that the construction contractor’s work in any public street does not interfere unnecessarily with the work of other agencies vehicles, such as emergency service providers, mail delivery, school buses, waste services, or transit vehicles. 3. During project design, the Districts shall coordinate with each jurisdiction, as well as its own transit division which may be affected by the project to determine the exact limits of project construction. All work proposed within the State right- of-way shall be dimensioned in metric units. The coordination effort shall be followed by specific measures to avoid conflicts resulting from other construction projects occurring within the direct vicinity of the project and within the same time period. Coordination with the following entities shall occur in conjunction with the proposed project: ! NCTD ! Caltrans ! Carlsbad Traffic Engineering ! Oceanside Traffic Engineering ! San Marcos Traffic Engineering 4.10.54.10.54.10.54.10.5 Residual Impact after MitigationResidual Impact after MitigationResidual Impact after MitigationResidual Impact after Mitigation With implementation of the identified mitigation measures in Section 4.10.4, short-term construction impacts would be reduced to less than significant. A list of projects requiring preparation of a TCP is included in Tables S-1 and S-2. 4.10 Transportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/Traffic July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 4.10-8 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK CHAPTER 5.0 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 5-1 5.15.15.15.1 INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION As required by Section 15130 of the CEQA Guidelines, the EIR analyzes the cumulative impacts of the proposed project. Section 15355 of the CEQA Guidelines defines cumulative impacts as “...two or more individual environmental effects which, when considered together, are considerable or which compound or increase other environmental impacts.” Cumulative impacts may result from individual effects of a single project or the effects of several projects that are developed within a particular window of time. The discussion of cumulative impacts is guided by the standards of practicality and reasonableness. Two methods may be used to evaluate cumulative impacts: a) a list of past, present and probable future projects (Cal. Code Regs., Title 14 §15130(b)(1)(A); or b) a summary of projections from a planning document which describes or evaluates regional conditions ((Cal. Code Regs., Title 14 §15130(b)(2)(B)). For this analysis, the projection method is used. Projections are based on SANDAG year 2020 population projections and the City of Carlsbad General Plan Land Use Element density projections. The implementation of the CIP projects of the Water and Sewer Master Plans would primarily involve expansion and rehabilitation of existing facilities as well as construction of new facilities. This Program EIR evaluates the potential effects of these projects and recommends mitigation measures to be implemented after subsequent, project-level environmental review, where necessary, at the time of approval of each project. The Master Plan Updates propose a program of phased improvements keyed to the City’s growth and include recommended upgrades and new facilities to meet the projected needs of the City. Cumulative effects of the Program EIR can be considered in relation to the environmental effects of all development throughout the City. In the discussion in Section 5.2 below, cumulative effects are considered for the issues discussed in Chapter 4 of this PEIR. 5.25.25.25.2 ANALYSIS OF CUMULATIVE IMPACTSANALYSIS OF CUMULATIVE IMPACTSANALYSIS OF CUMULATIVE IMPACTSANALYSIS OF CUMULATIVE IMPACTS AestheticsAestheticsAestheticsAesthetics The City of Carlsbad is a predominantly residential community with a coastal and mixed 5.05.05.05.0 Cumulative ImpactsCumulative ImpactsCumulative ImpactsCumulative Impacts July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 5-2 development atmosphere. This visual landscape consists of a mixture of urban uses, infrastructure, and hillsides. As Carlsbad continues to develop, the appearance of the City will continue to change to a more urbanized landscape. Cumulative impacts related to aesthetics for the CIP projects are not considered significant, since they are expected features in the developed landscape, are mostly underground, are modifications to existing facilities, and would receive design review for conformance with community aesthetic standards in future environmental documentation and/or project design review. Air QualityAir QualityAir QualityAir Quality Except in cases of point-source pollution and rare traffic-related air pollution “hot spots”, air quality must be considered on a cumulative, air basin-wide basis. Strategies for the control of both point-source and mobile pollution generation are the responsibility of the APCD. APCD rules and regulations apply uniformly throughout the District and the rest of the air basin and to all potential sources of pollutant emissions. Thus, air pollution control is applied on a cumulative basis. As noted in Section 4.2, Air Quality, the proposed Master Plans are consistent with the growth assumptions of the regional air quality plan and incorporate all feasible and available air quality control measures through regulation by APCD. Also, the RAQS is based on development as planned under the applicable general plans. The Master Plans are consistent with the planned development as identified in the City of Carlsbad General Plan; therefore, the project is consistent with the RAQS. Cumulative effects would be less than significant. Biological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological ResourcesBiological Resources The project components in the Master Plans are intended to serve growth in the City of Carlsbad, and are required as infrastructure in support of existing and planned future growth in the City. Water and sewer facilities have an initial impact on biological resources where they are located in undeveloped areas, but are usually low-activity facilities after construction. They may, therefore, be compatible with surrounding biological conservation in many situations. The Master Plan facilities are, however, intended to serve development in the City and should be considered together with the effects of development on biological resources in the assessment of cumulative effects. The City’s environmental review process for all development projects, including water and sewer facilities, requires an assessment of impacts and appropriate mitigation where there is a potential for an effect on biological resources. The process includes the identification of such potential effects in an environmental Initial Study and subsequent 5.05.05.05.0 Cumulative ImpactsCumulative ImpactsCumulative ImpactsCumulative Impacts July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 5-3 surveys and biological resources technical reports if necessary. Mitigation is accomplished in standardized ways, and for some impacts, such as effects on endangered species and wetlands, follows the procedures required by resource agencies such as the USFWS and CDFG. Effects on resources such as wetlands and state and federally listed species also require permits from the resource agencies. As described in Section 4.3, the City is participating in the MHCP, which is intended to mitigate for the biological impacts of planned growth through the creation of a new process for the issuance of federal and state permits and other authorizations under federal and state law. The City of Carlsbad is developing its own Subarea Plan (the Habitat Management Plan) within the MHCP framework. The end result of the MHCP planning process is to provide a regional conservation plan to mitigate the cumulative effects of growth in the region. Cumulative impacts of Water and Sewer Master Plan projects occurring in the MHCP focused planning areas would be cumulatively significant considered together with other development projects in the City and region, due to temporary losses in habitat value. Mitigation would be accomplished through the assessment and mitigation of project- specific impacts as individual components of the Master Plans are implemented and, when the MHCP is implemented, through a regional conservation plan in cooperation with CDFG, USFWS, and other cities in the area. The City of Carlsbad HMP will address cumulative biological effects as part of the MHCP process; however, until that document is implemented, cumulative impacts would be significant and would remain unmitigated. Cultural ResourcesCultural ResourcesCultural ResourcesCultural Resources Many areas within the City are known to be rich in cultural resources. The City requires an evaluation of cultural resources as a part of environmental review for land development projects needing discretionary approval from the City. As part of that review, all cultural resources sites would be evaluated for importance and, if found to be significant, either preserved or mitigated by the recovery of all relevant scientific information represented by the site. The same procedures are followed by other agencies whose projects may affect cultural resources in the City, such as Caltrans and SDGE. Section 4.4, Cultural Resources, established similar mitigation requirements for all Master Plan components that may impact cultural resources. Because this uniform policy is designed in each case to reduce impacts on cultural resources to below a level of significance on site-specific basis, cumulative impacts would be less than significant. 5.05.05.05.0 Cumulative ImpactsCumulative ImpactsCumulative ImpactsCumulative Impacts July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 5-4 Geology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and SoilsGeology and Soils Geologic/soils hazards associated with cumulative development within the City would be evaluated on a site-specific basis. Geologic and soils impacts and required mitigation would be evaluated on the respective properties and projects on a project-by-project basis through the use of geotechnical reports and Phase I Site Assessments. Therefore, with implementation of recommended mitigation measures on a project-by-project basis, no significant cumulative geologic/soils impacts are anticipated. Hazards andHazards andHazards andHazards and Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials Hazardous Materials Cumulative hazards and hazardous materials impacts and any potential mitigation would be evaluated on a project-by-project basis as minimal information is available at this program level of analysis. With implementation of recommended mitigation measures in Section 4.6, Hazards and Hazardous Materials, and project-specific mitigation measures identified on a case-by-case basis, no significant cumulative hazards and hazardous materials impacts are anticipated. Hydrology and Water QualHydrology and Water QualHydrology and Water QualHydrology and Water Qualityityityity Runoff from project construction areas would contribute an incremental increase in flows within the Buena Vista and Agua Hedionda Creek basins and would combine with increases attributable to adjacent developments. Total runoff in the creek basins would be short-term and would be cumulatively considerable. Project-by-project BMPs, including completing scour analyses for projects within 100-year floodplains and obtaining dewatering permits from RWQCB, would reduce sediment loads and downstream erosion to less than significant. In addition, compliance of all future projects with applicable federal, state and local regulations for stormwater and construction discharges would reduce cumulative impacts to water quality to a level below significance. The Master Plan Update projects would not substantially increase the amount of impervious surfaces and would not result in cumulative hydrologic impacts as a result of increasing cumulative runoff volumes. 5.05.05.05.0 Cumulative ImpactsCumulative ImpactsCumulative ImpactsCumulative Impacts July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 5-5 Land Use and PlanningLand Use and PlanningLand Use and PlanningLand Use and Planning Facilities and improvements proposed in the Master Plan Updates are based on growth and population projections derived from SANDAG population estimates and projections. In the course of preparing the Master Plan Updates, existing, proposed and designated land uses were used to generate the capacity data for the modeling of the systems that revealed deficiencies and indicated the need for improvements or new facilities. The location, capacity, and phasing of projects in the Master Plan Updates conform to existing and planned uses overall. The Master Plan Updates projects do not affect land use in the affected jurisdiction, but are designed to match the necessary infrastructure for wastewater in support of the land uses. Adoption of the Master Plan Updates, when considered together with the general plans and other planning for the affected jurisdictions, would not result in significant land use impacts, but would support the jurisdictions’ existing land uses, and development in conformance with applicable general plans. No significant cumulative land use impacts would occur with the proposed Master Plan Updates. NoiseNoiseNoiseNoise As development increases in the City, some increase in ambient noise levels is inevitable, with localized effects. This increase would be due primarily to traffic noise, as roads are constructed to serve new development, and to point sources of noise, such as manufacturing operations, auto repair shops, power tool use at residences and businesses, and a host of other activities associated with urban and suburban life. Some wastewater projects would contribute incrementally to this general pattern, especially during short-term construction activities. The City’s Noise Ordinance and Noise Guidelines Manual are designed to control the exposure of residents to excessive levels of noise. All CIP projects with a potential for long-term noise production would be evaluated for excessive noise generation and mitigation would be applied on a project- specific basis. Combined with regulation and attenuation of other sources consistent with the Noise Ordinance and Noise Guidelines Manual, the proposed Master Plan Updates’ contribution to cumulative noise impacts would be less than significant. 5.05.05.05.0 Cumulative ImpactsCumulative ImpactsCumulative ImpactsCumulative Impacts July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 5-6 Transportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/TrafficTransportation/Traffic As discussed in Section 4.10, Transportation/Traffic, the proposed project components in the Master Plan Update would contribute to short-term impacts to traffic circulation on local roadways. Potentially significant cumulative traffic circulation impacts could result over the short-term if multiple projects were under construction simultaneously and in the same general location. Short-term traffic impacts caused by construction of the projects proposed within the study area would result from street closures, increased truck traffic, and disruption of local traffic to residences and businesses. As the CIP projects would be phased over a 20-year period and would not proceed simultaneously, it is anticipated that cumulative short-term impacts to project component roadways could be mitigated to a level of less than significant through coordination and implementation of traffic control plans at the time of construction with the City Engineering Department (for impacts to City roads) and with the planning entities for the Cities of Oceanside and San Marcos (for impacts to roads within their respective jurisdictions). Encroachment permits are required for all construction affecting public rights-of-way. This permitting process is the control point for the maximum possible reduction of cumulative traffic impacts, and is designed to reduce direct and cumulative impacts to below a level of significance. Utilities and Service SystemsUtilities and Service SystemsUtilities and Service SystemsUtilities and Service Systems The proposed project components in the Master Plan Updates would not result in additional demands on utilities and services. Service providers have adopted plans to respond to future demands with system improvements. These plans are periodically updated based on both individual provider’s projections and SANDAG population forecasts. Therefore, this project in combination with other projects in the area would not have a significant cumulative impact on utilities and service systems. CHAPTER 6.0 OTHER CONSIDERATIONS REQUIRED BY CEQA July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 6-1 6.16.16.16.1 SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS WHICH CANNOT BE SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS WHICH CANNOT BE SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS WHICH CANNOT BE SIGNIFICANT ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS WHICH CANNOT BE AVOIDED IF THE PROPOSED PROJECT IS IMPLEMENTEDAVOIDED IF THE PROPOSED PROJECT IS IMPLEMENTEDAVOIDED IF THE PROPOSED PROJECT IS IMPLEMENTEDAVOIDED IF THE PROPOSED PROJECT IS IMPLEMENTED The Program EIR evaluated the proposed project with respect to Aesthetics; Air Quality; Biological Resources; Cultural Resources; Geology and Soils; Hazards and Hazardous Materials; Hydrology and Water Quality; Land Use and Planning; Noise; Transportation/ Traffic; and Utilities and Service Systems. As described in Chapter 4.0, potentially significant impacts would occur for the issue areas of Biological Resources; Cultural Resources; Geology and Soils; Hazards and Hazardous Materials; Hydrology and Water Quality; Noise; and Transportation/Traffic. As discussed in Chapter 4.0, mitigation measures would reduce impacts for all of these CEQA issue areas. With mitigation, the residual impact is less than significant for all issue areas. 6.26.26.26.2 SIGNIFICANT IRREVERSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGESSIGNIFICANT IRREVERSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGESSIGNIFICANT IRREVERSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGESSIGNIFICANT IRREVERSIBLE ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGES WHICH WOULD BE CAUSED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT WHICH WOULD BE CAUSED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT WHICH WOULD BE CAUSED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT WHICH WOULD BE CAUSED BY THE PROPOSED PROJECT SHOULD IT BE IMPLEMENTEDSHOULD IT BE IMPLEMENTEDSHOULD IT BE IMPLEMENTEDSHOULD IT BE IMPLEMENTED Water and sewer infrastructure components, once constructed, may be considered permanent. Occasionally facilities are abandoned/removed or upgraded once operation has resulted in the deterioration of their working condition. The systems for which water and sewer facilities are a part are integrally dependent on all their working components. Should components become deteriorated, malfunction or obsolete, replacement must occur. Because the implementation of many projects within the Master Plans would be implemented far into the future and because implementation and timing may affect land use decisions, adoption of the Master Plan Updates would leave the commitment of resources open in the future. The project components would support existing and planned growth within the City and Districts’ service areas. Where impacts are significant as defined by CEQA and the City, this Program EIR includes a process to identify and mitigate such impacts. Having said this, impacts such as changes in the visual appearance of a setting or hillside due to a pump station installation would be considered an irreversible change. Implementation of pipeline facilities within sensitive biological areas also may result in irreversible change to the hydrologic and biological environments of these sensitive areas. 6.06.06.06.0 Other Considerations Required by CEQAOther Considerations Required by CEQAOther Considerations Required by CEQAOther Considerations Required by CEQA July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 6-2 Construction of all project components would be carried out according to all applicable engineering standards to reduce, as much as possible, accidents related to offsite runoff during or post-construction. It should be noted that accidents from both human and naturally caused situations can compromise the integrity of best management practice mitigation measures. For example, a severe storm of unprecedented level could impact the area; precautions included in the project to prevent damage from occurring as a result of this type of severe event may be compromised. Depending on the type of disaster and the resources impacted, significant irreversible environmental commitments of resources may occur. However, there will likely be mitigation programs which can partially mitigate for large, unforeseen disasters. Following engineering standards set out in the Master Plan Updates is the best defense against an unforeseen event and therefore an unforeseen commitment of resources. Construction of water and sewer facilities involves the relatively permanent consumption of building materials such as pipeline components, wood for stability structures and energy for digging and earthmoving tasks. These resources, although at some extent in the long-term may be recycled, are considered to be permanently consumed. This type of commitment of resources is neither unusual nor unexpected given the nature of the facilities and is generally understood to be the tradeoff for benefits the system provides to the community. 6.36.36.36.3 GROWTH INDUCING IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED PROJECTGROWTH INDUCING IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED PROJECTGROWTH INDUCING IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED PROJECTGROWTH INDUCING IMPACT OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT Induced growth is that which exceeds the planned growth and results from new developments that would not have taken place in absence of the project. Growth inducement impacts can result in accelerated economic or population growth, or the construction of new housing, that either directly or indirectly resulted from building a project. Section 15126.2(d) of the CEQA Guidelines requires that EIRs discuss whether a proposed project could: “...foster economic or population growth, or the construction of additional housing, either directly or indirectly, in the surrounding environment. Included in this are projects which would remove obstacles to population growth (a major expansion of a waste water treatment plant might, for example, allow for more construction in service areas). Increases in the population may tax existing community service facilities, requiring construction of new facilities that could cause significant environmental 6.06.06.06.0 Other Considerations Required by CEQAOther Considerations Required by CEQAOther Considerations Required by CEQAOther Considerations Required by CEQA July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 6-3 effects. Also (the environmental analysis must) discuss the characteristics of some projects which may encourage and facilitate other activities that could significantly affect the environment, either individually or cumulatively. It must not be assumed that growth in any area is necessarily beneficial, detrimental, or of little significance to the environment.” The proposed project is the City of Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates, which is a multi-year master plan for facility improvements within the CMWD and CSD. The Master Plan Updates include a review of existing and projected flows, design criteria, capacity analyses, existing conditions assessment, and CIP. The improvement projects detailed in the CIP range from minor projects such as manhole replacements, to major infrastructure improvements such as replacement of a sewer main and installation of a new water reservoir. The CIP includes 84 improvement projects to be built by 2020. Generally, growth-inducing projects possess such characteristics as being located in isolated, undeveloped or underdeveloped areas, necessitating the extension of major infrastructure (e.g., sewer and water facilities, roadways, etc.), or those that could encourage “premature” or unplanned growth (i.e., “leap-frog” development). While infrastructure improvements, like those planned in the Water and Sewer Master Plans’ CIPs, raises the issue of growth inducement, the proposed project is not considered to be growth inducing because the proposed project would not provide additional long- term employment opportunities, no residences are planned as part of the proposed project, and no extension of services beyond that currently planned for in respective planning documents (e.g., City of Carlsbad General Plan) is associated with the proposed project. In calculating flow projections for the project, the Master Plan Updates relied on recent regional population projections published by SANDAG. The ultimate flow projections were based on existing unit flow generation rates which were then applied to SANDAG 2020 population projections. Therefore, the CIP projects would not generate additional population or cumulatively exceed official regional or local population projections. In addition, because no unplanned growth would be served by the project, the project would not remove an obstacle to growth. The facilities in the proposed Master Plan Updates are community service facilities, serving an urban infrastructure necessary to support economic and population growth. Their size and capacities are predicated on the projected growth that relates to the type 6.06.06.06.0 Other Considerations Required by CEQAOther Considerations Required by CEQAOther Considerations Required by CEQAOther Considerations Required by CEQA July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 6-4 of land use and the SANDAG population estimates and projections (SANDAG 2020 Cities/County Forecast). For that reason, the facilities in the Master Plan Updates would not induce growth guided by the City’s planning documents. 6.46.46.46.4 EFFECTS NOT FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTEFFECTS NOT FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTEFFECTS NOT FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANTEFFECTS NOT FOUND TO BE SIGNIFICANT The CEQA Guidelines (§ 15128) require that the environmental document include a brief discussion of various environmental issues that were determined not to be significant. This Program EIR addressed all probable or foreseeable possible effects of the proposed project. Based on the discussions presented in Chapter 4.0, effects were not found to be significant for the following issue areas: Aesthetics; Air Quality; and Land Use and Planning. Based on the public scoping process for this project (refer to Section 1.3.1), the following issue areas were not considered to be areas of controversy, and were not addressed in Chapter 4.0 of the EIR. Hence, an evaluation of Agricultural Resources, Energy Resources, Population and Housing, Public Services, Recreation, and Utilities and Service Systems, those issues not addressed in Chapter 4.0 of this Program EIR, follows. Agricultural ResourcesAgricultural ResourcesAgricultural ResourcesAgricultural Resources Agriculture is an important resource in Carlsbad. The City has several agricultural policies in place that are intended to support agricultural activities while planning for the possible future transition of the land to more urban uses consistent with the policies of the General Plan and the Carlsbad LCP. The City’s LCP protects agricultural lands from the premature conversion to more urban land uses by establishing programs which require mitigation for conversion of agricultural property to urban uses. As stated in the Open Space and Conservation Element of the City’s General Plan, it is the City’s intention to support and utilize all measures available to secure agricultural land uses for as long as possible prior to development, and to promote the long-term economic viability of agricultural uses. However, the projected pattern of development in Carlsbad is such that the extensive areas generally required for economic agricultural operations are unlikely to be available in the long-term. In many cases, the agricultural use of property is an interim or transitional use due to economic factors and the ultimate development potential of a parcel. There are only a limited number of areas within the City that are considered to possess important farmlands as defined by the California Department of Conservation. The City consists mainly of Urban and Built-Up Land along the western, southern, and northwestern portions of the City, with large areas of Other Land interspersed 6.06.06.06.0 Other Considerations Required by CEQAOther Considerations Required by CEQAOther Considerations Required by CEQAOther Considerations Required by CEQA July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 6-5 throughout the eastern and central portions. Implementation of the two Master Plan Updates will not result in significant impacts to agricultural resources. The project, located mostly within existing or future streets and disturbed areas, would not result in the conversion of important farmlands to non-agricultural uses, and will not conflict with any Williamson Act contracts in the City. Energy ResourcesEnergy ResourcesEnergy ResourcesEnergy Resources The projects proposed in the two Master Plan Updates would not significantly affect local or regional energy supplies, nor would the projects conflict with adopted energy conservation plans. The proposed power-consuming facilities (i.e., pump stations and lift stations) would incorporate new energy-efficient technologies, which utilize non- renewable resources in an efficient manner. Energy consumption from construction- related activities necessary for development of the proposed facilities would be relatively minor and impacts would not be significant to existing energy resources. For some project components, use of SDGE's rights-of-way may be required. In these instances, coordination would be made with SDGE to ensure that the utility provider would be able to adequately access their facilities. It is not anticipated that relocation of any SDGE facilities is required for implementation of the various water and sewer project components. Nonetheless, access and potential relocation issues, as well as grading or encroachment into SDGE rights-of-way, would be determined at the project level of analysis for each project component. Impacts would not be significant at this program level of analysis. Population and HousingPopulation and HousingPopulation and HousingPopulation and Housing The proposed Master Plan Updates would extend and improve existing water supply and sewer infrastructure within the City in accordance with regional population projections and as needed by the demand that the forecasted additional population would place upon these services. The proposed projects would be phased so that the infrastructure would be developed concurrently with the increased housing demand and population. The Master Plan Updates would not result in significant impacts to the City’s projected population and housing needs. Public ServicesPublic ServicesPublic ServicesPublic Services The implementation of the Master Plan Updates would not require new services for the following: fire protection, police protection, schools, parks, or other public facilities; no 6.06.06.06.0 Other Considerations Required by CEQAOther Considerations Required by CEQAOther Considerations Required by CEQAOther Considerations Required by CEQA July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 6-6 impact would occur. Emergency access would not be significantly affected, as described in Sections 4.10.3 and 4.10.4. The project would not affect existing primary and secondary schools within the area. Implementation of the project in the manner or location planned would not result in impacts to proposed schools. Additional demands on existing public parks would not occur. New or improved park facilities would not be necessary as a result of implementing the project. The proposed project would not exceed official regional or local population projections. The size, capacity, and location of all facilities would be based on the population and land use analysis contained in the Master Plan Updates which, in turn, is based on forecast growth identified in the City of Carlsbad General Plan, and systems would be sized appropriately to serve projected service populations. RecreationRecreationRecreationRecreation Implementation of the Master Plan Updates may cause potential conflicts with existing parks or recreational uses where facilities are proposed adjacent to these facilities. Potential conflicts with these types of facilities will be identified in the engineering and design stage of all phases of the project. The Districts are both obligated to coordinate all construction, repair, and maintenance activities with all park and recreation agencies whose facilities may be affected in the planning stage. Consequently, the required coordination with the affected agencies would reduce the potential conflicts to a less than significant level. The project would not result in increased demand for recreational uses, or prevent access to parks or recreational facilities. Utilities and Service SystemsUtilities and Service SystemsUtilities and Service SystemsUtilities and Service Systems The proposed projects to be developed with implementation of the two Master Plan Updates would not significantly affect utilities and service systems. The proposed facilities would not place substantial demands upon the City’s utilities such as power and natural gas. The project facilities’ impacts on the area’s communications systems would occur as necessary safety and operating measures. Overall, these would be short- term minor impacts. CHAPTER 7.0 ALTERNATIVES July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 7-1 CEQA Guidelines Section 15126(d)(2) states that the range of potential alternatives to the proposed project shall include those that could feasibly accomplish most of the basic purposes of the project and could avoid or substantially lessen one or more of the significant effects. CEQA specifically requires the discussion of a “no project” alternative. In addition, CEQA requires that a reasonable range of alternatives to the project be discussed, including alternative locations. The reasonable range is to include alternatives that focus on the mitigation or avoidance of significant effects associated with the proposed project, that permit a reasoned choice for the decision maker, and that are feasible. Section 15126(d)(5) states that among the factors which may be taken into account when addressing the feasibility of alternatives are site availability, economic viability, availability of infrastructure, general plan consistency, other plans or regulatory limitations, jurisdictional boundaries, and whether the proponent can reasonably acquire, control, or otherwise have access to the alternative site. The following discussion includes a “no project” alternative. The objectives of the project are understood to be those described in the Project Description (Chapter 2) of this Program EIR. The objectives are to provide for the modifications and additions needed for the existing water and sewage distribution, collection, treatment, incorporating current population projections, planning criteria, and new information from specific development plans. The CMWD and CSD are the exclusive central agencies for the provision of water and sewer services, respectively, within their service areas. For the Master Plan Updates that are the subject of this Program EIR, alternative locations are not possible. However, the Master Plan Updates are comprised of individual improvement projects and there are or may be possible variation in the size, phasing, location, and implementation of many of the individual projects, especially in the plans’ later phases. For these reasons, no alternative location for the project is herein considered, but a discussion of the variability of individual project alternatives, in the context of the existing and planned systems, is included. The Master Plan Updates are guidance documents for the adequacy, continued operation, and expansion of systems that are, for the most part, already in place. The project components are designed to correct deficiencies in the existing system and to provide the new facilities that will be needed to accommodate growth and land use changes in the city at the appropriate time. Because this is the case, it is not reasonable to propose alternatives that would construct entirely new systems, and clearly no 7.07.07.07.0 AlternativesAlternativesAlternativesAlternatives July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 7-2 alternative location for the system is feasible. Therefore, the discussions in this section are restricted to the No Project alternative required by CEQA, and to the possible changes to individual projects in the Master Plan Updates that could occur in response to changing conditions in the City’s growth. The environmentally superior alternative is also discussed as required by CEQA. 7.17.17.17.1 NO PROJECT ALTERNATIVENO PROJECT ALTERNATIVENO PROJECT ALTERNATIVENO PROJECT ALTERNATIVE Under the No Project alternative, the proposed Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates would not be adopted by the City of Carlsbad. This does not mean, however, that the facilities in the Master Plan Updates or other facilities based on development and need in the city, would not be constructed. All projects in the Master Plan Updates could be constructed or implemented on an individual project basis whether or not the Master Plan Updates are adopted. Potential environmental impacts identified in this Program EIR would still be likely to occur. This alternative would, however, deprive the City of Carlsbad of a valuable planning tool, and one that is informative for those interested in the City’s future plans and facilities. Many of the projects in the Master Plan Updates are intended to remedy deficiencies that were identified in the modeling of the City’s water and sewer systems or to correct problems or potential problems in the operation of that system. If the Master Plan Updates were not adopted, the deficiencies and potential problems would remain and would still require remedy through, in most cases, the improvement projects that make up the integrated programs in the Master Plan Updates. Likewise, the new projects in the plans are predicated on the improvements needed to make the system adequate to serve the City’s planned future growth. Under the No Project alternative, the same improvements would likely be brought forward for approval as individual projects, but in piecemeal fashion and not as an integrated program that had been evaluated as a single environmental project. In addition, the No Project alternative would deprive the City of the opportunity to streamline environmental review of future projects through the use of the Program EIR and subsequent updates. For these reasons, the No Project alternative offers no environmental advantages in either procedures, impacts, or public information over the proposed Master Plan Updates. 7.27.27.27.2 PLANNING AND LAND USE ALTERNATIVESPLANNING AND LAND USE ALTERNATIVESPLANNING AND LAND USE ALTERNATIVESPLANNING AND LAND USE ALTERNATIVES The Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates were developed using the best available information on population growth; proposed, planned, and forecast growth and development; means of effluent disposal; requirements and recommendations for peak 7.07.07.07.0 AlternativesAlternativesAlternativesAlternatives July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 7-3 flows, volumes, and facility capacities; and other factors affecting future City water and sewer utilities planning. The planning period for the Master Plan Updates is long-term, extending to 2020, and almost all the factors in such long-range planning are to some degree uncertain. Most land use planning, until projects are implemented as buildout of the City proceeds, is subject to change for a variety of reasons. Thus, the Districts’ staff will continue to monitor factors likely to affect land use in the City and identify changes that could affect the forecasts and assumptions used to develop the improvement programs in the Master Plan Updates. Most of the projects in the Master Plan Updates are upgrading and modification of existing facilities. In such cases, the location of the project is usually fixed. Nonetheless, adjustments are possible because the Master Plan Updates are guiding documents rather than rigid templates. Flexibility in the implementation of the Master Plan Updates will occur at a specific project implementation level. Partly as a result of the mitigation program in this Program EIR, evaluation of the individual projects in the Master Plan Updates can occur at the stage of project approval or implementation. Given the speculative and to some degree uncertain nature of future conditions, this process is the only practical way to assure that feasible alternatives to each project, if desirable or necessary, are developed. As an example, if development plans approved for a given area change the street pattern in that area, the location of pipelines projected in the Master Plan Updates may change. If density or type of development in a given area changes, the storage capacity needed to serve that area, and thus the size of water reservoirs may change, and the capacity of sewer collection facilities may also change. Individual project review in the planning stage is the only time an informed decision on such matters can occur. 7.37.37.37.3 ENVIRONMENTALLY SUPERIOR ALTERNATIVEENVIRONMENTALLY SUPERIOR ALTERNATIVEENVIRONMENTALLY SUPERIOR ALTERNATIVEENVIRONMENTALLY SUPERIOR ALTERNATIVE As analyzed in Section 7.1, the No Project alternative would not result in reduced environmental effects when compared to the proposed project. The proposed project would result in the same or less impacts when compared to the No Project alternative because of its comprehensive program to identify, avoid, and minimize impacts to environmental resources in the overall study area. As such, the proposed project is considered to be the environmentally superior alternative. 7.07.07.07.0 AlternativesAlternativesAlternativesAlternatives July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 7-4 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK CHAPTER 8.0 LIST OF PREPARERS July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 8-1 City of CarlsbadCity of CarlsbadCity of CarlsbadCity of Carlsbad Elaine Blackburn, Senior Planner Steve Jantz, Associate Engineer Dudek & Associates, Inc.Dudek & Associates, Inc.Dudek & Associates, Inc.Dudek & Associates, Inc. Joe Monaco, Senior Project Manager Shawn Shamlou, Project Manager Dan Park, Environmental Planner/Analyst Vipul Joshi, Biologist Mark McGinnis, GIS Analyst Rick Quinlan, GIS Analyst Terri Parsons, Word Processing Gallegos & AssociatesGallegos & AssociatesGallegos & AssociatesGallegos & Associates Dennis Gallegos, Senior Archaeologist 8.08.08.08.0 List of PreparersList of PreparersList of PreparersList of Preparers July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 8-2 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK CHAPTER 9.0 REFERENCES AND PERSONS CONTACTED July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 9-1 9.1 9.1 9.1 9.1 REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHYREFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHYREFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHYREFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Beauchamp, R. M. 1986. A flora of San Diego County, California. Sweetwater Press, National City, California. 241 pp. Bolt, Beranek, and Newman. 1971. Noise from Construction Equipment and Operations, Building Equipment, and Home Appliances. Prepared for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Report No. PB-206-717. December 31. Brown, J.W., H.A. Wier, and D. Belk. 1993. New records of fairy shrimp (Crustacea: Anostraca) from Baja California, Mexico. Southwest. Nat. 38. California, State of. Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology. 1996. Miller, Russell V. Generalized Mineral Land Classification Map of Western San Diego County, California; Aggregate Resources Only. California, State of. Department of Conservation, Division of Mines and Geology. 1996. Tan, S.S., and Kennedy, M.P. Geologic Maps of the Northwestern part of San Diego County, California. DMG Open-File Report 96-02, pls. 1-2 (map sheets, 1:24,000). Caltrans, State Scenic Highway Program, accessed via http://www.dot.ca.gov/ hq/LandArch/scenic/schwy1.html, April 9, 2003. Carlsbad, City of. January 1992. City of Carlsbad Master Plan of Sewerage. Wilson Engineering Consulting Engineers. Carlsbad, City of. March 1994. Final Master Environmental Impact Report for the City of Carlsbad General Plan Update. City of Carlsbad Planning Department. Carlsbad, City of. September 6, 1994. City of Carlsbad General Plan. City of Carlsbad Planning Department. Carlsbad, City of. September 1995. Noise Guidelines Manual. Prepared by Nolte and Associates. 9.09.09.09.0 References and Persons ContactedReferences and Persons ContactedReferences and Persons ContactedReferences and Persons Contacted July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 9-2 Carlsbad, City of. October 1997. Carlsbad Municipal Water District Sewer Master Plan Update. Carollo Engineers. Carlsbad, City of. December 1999. Public Review Draft of the Habitat Management Plan. Carlsbad, City of. December 1999. Draft Habitat Management Plan for Natural Communities in the City of Carlsbad. Carlsbad, City of. 2001. Calavera Hills Master Plan Phase 2, Bridge and Thoroughfare District No. 4, and Detention Basins Final EIR. EIR No. 98-02. Prepared by RECON. November. Carlsbad, City of. 2002. Carlsbad Oaks Specific Plan Final EIR. Prepared by Cotton Bridges Associates. August. Carlsbad, City of. 2001. Villages of La Costa Final Program EIR. July 16. Carlsbad, City of. 2001. Bressi Ranch Draft EIR. Prepared by Cotton Bridges Associates. December. Carlsbad, City of. 1999. Final Supplemental EIR for the Kelly Ranch General Plan Amendment and Core Area Subdivision. January 15. Carlsbad, City of. 2001. Carlsbad Raceway Business Park (Palomar Forum) MND. May 3. Carlsbad, City of. 2002. Cantarini-Holly Springs EIR. June 19. CNPS. 2001. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California (sixth edition). Rare Plant Scientific Advisory Committee, David Pl Tibor, Covening Editor. California Native Plant Society. Sacramento, CA + 388pp. Deméré, T. A., and Walsh, S. L. 1993. Paleontological Resources, County of San Diego. Unpublished report prepared for the San Diego County Department of Public Works, San Diego, California. 68 pp., figs. 1-3, 8 map sheets. Holland, R.F. 1986. Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California. Nongame-Heritage Program, California Department of Fish and 9.09.09.09.0 References and Persons ContactedReferences and Persons ContactedReferences and Persons ContactedReferences and Persons Contacted July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 9-3 Game. Kern, Philip. 1989. Earthquakes and Faults in San Diego County. San Diego: The Pickle Press. Oceanside, City of. July 1999. Final Master Environmental Impact Report for the Oceanside Water Master Plan and Wastewater Master Plan. City of Oceanside Water Utilities Department and RECON. San Diego Air Pollution Control District. California and National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Accessed via www.sdapcd.co.san-diego.ca.us. San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). April 1994. Comprehensive Land Use Plan, McClellan-Palomar Airport Carlsbad. San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). November 2000. Public Review Draft of the Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan. San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board, 2002, California 303(d) List of Impaired Water Bodies, accessed via http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/tmdl/docs/ 303dtmdl_98reg9.pdf May 12, 2003. South Coast Air Quality Management District, April 1993. CEQA Air Quality Handbook. United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. December 1973. Soil Survey, San Diego California. 9.2 9.2 9.2 9.2 PERSONS CONTACTEDPERSONS CONTACTEDPERSONS CONTACTEDPERSONS CONTACTED Elaine Blackburn, City of Carlsbad Planning Department Steve Jantz, City of Carlsbad Public Works Department 9.09.09.09.0 References and Persons ContactedReferences and Persons ContactedReferences and Persons ContactedReferences and Persons Contacted July 2003 3194-04 Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plan Updates • Program EIR 9-4 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK