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Home My WebLink AboutGPA 05-04; PONTO BEACHFRONT VILLAGE VISION PLAN; AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR PONTO BEACHFRONT VILLAGE VISION PLAN; 2006-07-31------------------------------.. -.. -.. --.. AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY FOR THE PONTO BEACHFRONT VILLAGE VISION PLAN PROJECT CITY OF CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA GPA 05-04/LCPA 05-01/DI 05-01 Prepared for: RBF Consulting 9755 Clairemont Mesa Boulevard, Suite 100 San Diego, California 92124 Submitted to: City of Carlsbad Planning Department 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, California 92008 Prepared by: Seth A. Rosenberg and Brian F. Smith Brian F. Smith and Associates 14010 Poway Road, Suite A Poway, California 92064 July 31, 2006 --.. -------------------------.. -------- The Ponto Beachjront Village Vision Plan Project National Archaeological Data Base Information Authors: Seth A. Rosenberg and Brian F. Smith Consulting Firm: Brian F. Smith and Associates 14010 Poway Road, Suite A Poway, California 92064 (858) 679-8218 ReportDate: July31,2006 Report Tiik: An Archaeological Survey for the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project, City of Carlsbad, California (GPA 05- 04/LCPA 05-01/DI05-01) Prepared for: RBF Consulting 9755 Qairemont Mesa Boulevard, Suite 100 San Diego, California 92124-1324 Submitted to: City of Carlsbad Planning Department 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, California 92008-7314 USGS Quadrangle: Encinitas, California (7.5 minute) Study Area: Approximately 50 acres Key Words: Reconnaissance; Carlsbad, California; San Diego County; USGS Encinitas Quadrangle (7.5 minute); Township 12 South; Range 4 West; positive survey; previously mitigated site (SDI- 11,026); no further research potential; monitoring recommended. ---------------------... ---------------- The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project Table of Contents 1.0 Management Summary 2.0 Introduction 3.0 Project Setting 3 .1 Environmental Setting 3.2 Cultural Setting 3.2.1 The San Dieguito Complex/Paleo-Indian 3.2.2 The La Jolla Complex/Encinitas Tradition/ Milling Stone Horizon 3 .2.3 The Late Prehistoric Period 3.2.4 Historic Period 4.0 Methodology 4.1 Pedestrian Survey Methodology 4.2 Institutional Records Search 4.3 Native American Consultation 5.0 Report of Findings 5.1 Institutional Records Search Results 5.2 Field Reconnaissance Results 6.0 Summary and Recommendations. 7. 0 Certification 8.0 References Cited . Appendix I -Qualifications of Key Personnel Appendix II -Records Search Results* Appendix III -Native American Heritage Commission Correspondence *Not for public review; bound separately ii ~ 1.0---1 2.0---1 3.0---1 3.0---1 3.0---2 3.0---2 3.0---3 3.0---5 3,0---6 4.0---1 4.0---1 4.0---2 4.0---2 5.0---1 5.0---1 5.0---2 6.0---1 7 .0---1 8.0---1 --------------------------- 11111 --.. ------.. The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project List of Figures Figure 2.0--1 General Location Map . Figure 2.0--2 Project Location Map . Figure 2.0--3 Area of Future Development Figure 2.0-4 Proposed Project Development Map Figure 5.0--1 Site Map, Showing Current Surface Expression of SDI-11,026 List of Tables Table 5.0--1 Previously Recorded Sites Within One Mile of the Project Table 5.0--2 Previous Archaeological Studies Conducted Adjacent to, or Within, the Project . List of Plates Plate 5.0--1 Aerial photograph of SDl-11,026 in 1985 Plate 5.0--2 Aerial photograph of SDl-11,026 in 1985 Plate 5.0--3 Overview of project area, facing north . Plate 5.0-4 Overview of project area,facing east Plate 5.0--5 Overview of current state of SDI-11,026 Plate 5.0--6 Altered 1930s single-family dwelling Plate 5.0--7 1940s/1950s apartments with RV garage. List of Abbreviations AMSL BFSA CEQA NAHC SCIC SDSU USGS Above Mean Sea Level Brian F. Smith and Associates California Environmental Quality Act Native American Heritage Commission South Coastal Information Center San Diego State University United States Geologic Survey YBP Years Before Present iii ~ 2.0--2 2.0--3 2.0-4 2.0--5 5.0--5 5.0--3 5.0-4 5.0--6 5.0--6 5.0--7 5.0--7 5.0--8 5.0--8 5.0--9 ------------------... --- -------.. -.. --.. -.. The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project 1.0 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY The following report describes an archaeological survey and records search conducted by Brian F. Smith and Associates (BFSA) for the proposed Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project located in the City of Carlsbad, California. This investigation was conducted to identify and evaluate any cultural resources within the project area. Based upon the historic use and recorded presence of prehistoric resources within the vicinity of the Batiquitos Lagoon area, there existed a reasonable potential for cultural resources within the project boundaries. The investigation included an archaeological records search, correspondence with the Native American Heritage Commission, and intensive field survey. An archaeological records search was conducted on April Tl, 2006 by the South Coastal Infonnation Center (SCIC) at San Diego State University (SDSU), the results of which were reviewed by BFSA. The records search resulted in the determination that one previously recorded cultural resource is located within the project area. Site SDI-11,026, an Archaic Period campsite, is located along the southern edge of the project area and was previously subjected to a testing and data recovery program in 1985, exhausting any further research potential (Smith & Moriarty 1985a). Therefore, no further archaeological analysis of SDI-11,026 is required. A request to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) for a Sacred Lands File review resulted in the determination that no krwwn resources are present within the project boundaries. The intensive pedestrian survey was conducted by BFSA on June 12, 2006. The project area has been previously disturbed by agricultural activities and various improvements and developments, including the construction of the California Southern Railroad (later Santa Fe), commercial structures, residential structures, drainage channels, and roads. Other than verifying the location of SDI-11,026, no other prehistoric resources were identified within the project area. In addition, the survey area included a small cluster of single-family residences and commercial business structures, some of which are known to be historic in nature. BFSA has determined that none of the structures located within the project boundaries, including those within inaccessible parcels, is significant. Although access to portions of the project area was denied by the corresponding landowners, structures within these properties were visible. The survey and archaeological records search resulted in the determination that no significant cultural resources are located within the project boundaries; therefore, no significant cultural resources will be impacted by the proposed project. Although the current investigation did not identify any significant resources within the project boundaries, the presence of a previously mitigated site, the results of the archaeological records search, and known historical use of the Carlsbad area indicate that there is a high potential for buried cultural deposits. Therefore, it is our recommendation that a qualified archaeological monitor be present for any boring, trenching, or grading activities within the project area to facilitate 1.0--1 ----.. ---------.. -----... ,_ .. ---.. ---.. ---.. -.. - The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project the identification, determination of significance, and analysis of any cultural resources discovered during construction activities. A copy of this report will be permanently filed with SCIC at SDSU. All notes, photographs, and other materials related to this project and resulting from these investigations will be curated at the offices of Brian F. Smith and Associates in Poway, California. 1.0-2 ----------.. -----------.. -----------.. -.. - The Ponto Beachfronl Village Vision Plan Project 2.0 INTRODUCTION In response to a request by RBF Consulting, BFSA conducted an archaeological survey for a portion of the proposed Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan project area located in the City of Carlsbad, in northwestern San Diego County, California (Figure 2.0-1). The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan is an approximately 130-acre area located along the seashore, north and south of the mouth of Batiquitos Lagoon in Carlsbad, California. The area within the project slated for future development, and targeted in the current archaeological investigation, is an approximately SO- acre area which includes Assessor's Parcel Numbers (APNs) 214-160--04, --05, --06, -10, -11, -13, -19,-20,-21,-24,-25,-27,-28,-29, -34, -35, and-36; 214-590-04; 214-171-11; 216-010-01 through --05; and 216-140-17 and -18. This portion of the project is bounded by Carlsbad Boulevard to the west, the San Diego Northern Railroad to the east, Batiquitos Lagoon to the south, and the east/west oriented section of Ponto Road to the north (Figure 2.0-3). Specifically, this portion of the property is located on the USGS Encinitas, California 7.5' topographic quadrangle within the southwest comer of Section 28, the southeast comer of Section 29, the northeast comer of Section 32, and the northwest portion of Section 33, Township 12 South and Range 4 West of the San Bernardino Base Meridian (Figure 2.0-2). The current project included an intensive pedestrian survey of the area of future development and a thorough review of both archaeological and Native American records. This report constitutes the cultural resource requirements for the project's Environmental Impact Report (EIR 05-05). The investigation by BFSA was conducted in accordance with City of Carlsbad Cultural Resource Guidelines (1990) and CEQA criteria. The survey was conducted to determine whether any prehistoric or historical cultural resources would be impacted by the proposed development The project consists of the construction of a mixed-use development including commercial, retail, and residential structures, and open-space (Figure 2.0-4). Initially, the potential for archaeological sites in the study area was considered high based on the distribution of known sites in the region, the topography of the project vicinity, and the presence of one previously mitigated site on the property. The Phase I archaeological investigation of the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan was directed by Brian F. Smith, consulting archaeologist and principal investigator. The pedestrian survey was conducted by field archaeologist Andrew Hoge and project archaeologist Seth A. Rosenberg, who prepared the text of this report. Editing and production were performed by Dylan Amerine with assistance from Amanda Erb. Damien Tietjen provided graphics. Qualifications of key personnel are listed in Appendix I. 2.0-1 Figure 2.0-1 General Location Map The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project City of Carlsbad 2.0-2 I -equals 11.84 milel o a 4 • 1a ,.. 0 U t ,, 0..0-. fJJ..lO!Mi =-c.o::::Notwt 0 I I I I i I ' I ' Figure 2.0-2 Project Location Map The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project USGS 7 .5' Encinitas Quadrangle 2.0-3 1:14,000 I loch equals 2,000 feet OJIIIOJOOelOO r.:."J Study Area Proposed Development Figure 2.0-3 Area of Future Development The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project 2.0-4 'iC." ,j°. ..... tv ? Vl SOOTH C,ULO AD rnrr IIACH UMtG~OOIID -········ ...... ... . .... ~ .. -..... Figure 2.0-4 : Proposed Project Development Plan The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project ······• ·•~_...,. .. l~iJOOJTOf l/lGOOII i i . ~ 1 .:t p I --------.. -----.. 1111 ---- "" ---- Ill -----.. -.. -... .. The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project 3.0 PROJECT SETI'ING The project setting includes the natural physical, geological, and biological context of the proposed project, as well as the cultural setting of prehistoric and historic human activities in the general area. The following sections discuss both the environmental and cultural settings of the subject property, the relationship between the two, and the relevance of that relationship to the project. 3.1 Environmental Setting San Diego County lies in the Peninsular Range Geologic Province of southern California. The mountainous zone, which extends from northwest to southeast through the county, ranges to a maximum height of 6,533 feet above mean sea level (Beauchamp 1986). The project's elevation ranges from sea level to approximately 50-60 feet above mean sea level. Foothills and valleys, which comprise the cismontane region, extend west from the mountains. This region typically receives more rainfall than the mesas and less than the mountainous region. Between the foothills and the coast lies the coastal mesa region, which is cut by several large drainages originating in the mountains and foothills. The coast is characterized by large bays and lagoons, where the major rivers empty into the sea, and mesas which terminate at the ocean in the form of bluffs (Beauchamp 1986). The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project is located along the mouth of Batiquitos Lagoon. During the Late Holocene, the eastern extent of the lagoon was characterized by shallow saltwater marsh and mud flats. However, several millennia ago, the lagoon was considerably deeper and provided different habitat. The lagoon was created as the sea level rose rapidly following the last glacial sequence, filling a deep canyon cut by San Marcos Creek during a long period of lower sea levels. This deeply entrenched lagoon provided a variety of marine food resources (e.g., molluscs, crustaceans, and fishes) used in the subsistence routine of Early and Middle Holocene La Jolla Complex peoples. Evidence from Batiquitos Lagoon indicates that at approximately 3,500 YBP, a rapid, cataclysmic sedimentation event occurred that closed the lagoon off to the coast and significantly altered the lagoon environment (Gallegos 1992; Masters et al. 1988; Miller 1966). This event was followed by a stabilization of sea levels and then development of sand bars, sand flats, and mud flats within the lagoons along the central San Diego County coast. This sedimentation process resulted in the decline of mollusc populations, particularly Pectinids, which greatly reduced human activity in the area. The decline in occupancy of the Batiquitos Lagoon area following this siltation event is evidenced by the paucity of sites postdating 3,500 YBP (Gallegos 1987) . The closest mountains within this range are the San Marcos Mountains, of which Franks Peak, Double Peak, and Mount Whitney are located directly east of the project area. These mountain ranges are the locations of lithic material sources that were likely procured by the 3.0-1 -.. -------------.. -----.. --- .. .. --.. .. .. -.. -.. .. The. Ponto Beachjront Village Vision Plan Project occupants of the region for use in tool manufacture. A large exposure of Santiago Peak Volcanics is located within the San Marcos Mountains (California Division of Mines and Geology 1996), while a jasper source is located within the Merriam Mountains (Norwood 1979). For this project specifically, due to the location of the project area along the beachfront, any lithic material found within the project area would be from an abundance of lithic resources available at beaches and stream beds. Soils in the area fall within the Marina-Chesterton Association, characterized by somewhat excessively drained to moderately well drained loamy coarse sands and fine sandy loams overlying sandy clay (Bowman 1973: General Soil Map). The specific soil within the project area is Coastal Beaches (Cr), gravelly and sandy soil often covered with water, and the Terrace Escarpments, loamy or gravelly soil located on very steep slopes (TeF) (Bowman 1973: sheet 33). The prehistoric biological community was dominated by the coastal sage scrub ecosystem, which included a diversity of seed-bearing shrubs and grasses, and cacti. A diversity of faunal resources were available in this ecosystem, including deer ( Odocoileus hemionus), Leporids (Lepus and Sylvilagus), quail (Callipelpa califomica), and a variety of rodents and reptiles. Additional resource-rich biotic communities were accessible in the vicinity of the site, including freshwater and saltwater marshes, estuaries, riparian woodland, and deepwater lagoon habitats. Resources from these environments associated with the San Marcos Creek watershed included a variety of species, including rushes, reeds, grasses, oak trees, deer, Leporids, waterfowl, fish, and molluscs. During the Early and Middle Holocene, pine groves were probably much more common, with Torrey pine (Pinus torreyana) and similar species being more widespread during this time, providing a source of "pine nut" seeds. Finally, the pelagic habitat of the Pacific Ocean provided fish and marine mammals. 3.2 Cultural Setting 3.2.1 The San Dieguito Complex/Paleo-Indian The term "San Dieguito Complex" is a cultural distinction used to describe a group of people that occupied sites in the region between 11,500 and 7,000 YBP and appear to be related to or contemporaneous with the Paleo-Indian groups in the Great Basin area and the Midwest. Initially believed to have been big game hunters, the San Dieguito are better typified as wide- ranging hunter-gatherers. The earliest evidence of the San Dieguito Complex sites are known from San Diego County, the Colorado Desert, and further north along the California coast These people abandoned the drying inland lakes of the present California desert and arrived in San Diego County circa 9,000 years before present (YBP), as documented at the Harris Site SDI-149 (Warren 1966); Rancho Park North Site SDI-4392 (Kaldenberg 1982); and Agua Hedionda Sites SDI-210/UCLl- M-15 and SDI-10,%5/SDM-W-131 (Moriarty 1967; Gallegos and Carrico 1984; Gallegos 1991). A San Dieguito component appears to have been present in the lower strata at the Malago Cove site in Redondo Beach, Los Angeles County (Walker 1951). Although radiocarbon dates were not 3.~2 -------------... -------1111 ------.. -.. 1111 .. 1111 -.. -- The Ponto Beachjront Village Vision Plan Project obtained from these levels, the lack of ground stone tools and presence of crude flaked tools suggests similarities to the San Dieguito Complex. Diagnostic San Dieguito artifacts include finely crafted scraper planes, choppers, scrapers, crescentics, elongated bifacial knives, and intricate leaf-shaped points (Rogers 1939; Warren 1 %7). This tool assemblage resembles those of the Western Lithic Co-Tradition (Davis et al. 1%9) and the Western Pluvial Lakes Tradition (Bedwell 1970; Moratto 1984). Typical San Dieguito sites lack ground stone tools. Tools recovered from San Dieguito Complex sites and the pattern of the site locations indicate that they were a wandering hunting and gathering society (Moriarty 1969; Rogers 1%6). Fauna! data from the Malago Cove site, which included molluscs, fish, birds, and terrestrial and marine mammals, suggests a diverse and broad-based strategy (Walker 1951). The San Dieguito Complex is the least understood of the cultures that occupied the southern California region. This is due primarily to the fact that San Dieguito sites rarely contain stratigraphic information or datable material. Debate continues as to whether the San Dieguito sites are actually different activity areas of the early Encinitas Tradition peoples (Bull 1987; Gallegos 1987), or whether the San Dieguito Complex peoples had a separate origin and culture from the Encinitas Tradition (Hayden 1987; Moriarty 1987; Smith 1987). According to this second scenario, the San Dieguito Complex peoples may have been assimilated into the dominant Encinitas Tradition culture (Kaldenberg 1982; Moriarty 1%7). A third possibility is that the San Dieguito Complex gave rise to the Encinitas Tradition (Koerper et al. 1991). The issue of shared or separate origins of the San Dieguito Complex and Encinitas Tradition may be resolved with continued collection of archaeological data and collection of systematic radiocarbon dates. 3.2.2 The La Jolla Complex/Encinitas Tradition/Milling Stone Horizon Between 9,000 and 8,000 YBP, a widespread complex was established in the southern California region, primarily along the coast (Warren and True 1961). This complex is locally known as the La Jolla Complex (Rogers 1939; Moriarty 1966), which is regionally associated with the Encinitas Tradition (Warren 1%8), and shared cultural components with the widespread Milling Stone Horizon (Wallace 1955). The coastal expression of this complex, with a focus on coastal resources and development of deeply-stratified shell middens located primarily around bays and lagoons, appeared in the southern California coastal areas, where the older sites associated with this expression are located at Topanga Canyon, Newport Bay, Agua Hedionda Lagoon, and some of the Channel Islands. Radiocarbon dates from sites attributed to this complex span a period of over 7,000 years in this region, beginning over 9,000 YBP . The Encinitas Tradition is best recognized for its pattern of large coastal sites characterized by shell middens, grinding tools closely associated with the marine resources of the area, cobble- based tools, and flexed human burials (Shumway et al. 1%1; Smith and Moriarty 1985b). While ground stone tools and scrapers are the most recognized tool types, coastal Encinitas Tradition sites also contain numerous utilized flakes, which may have been used to pry open shellfish. Artifact 3.0-3 ----------------------.. .. -------------- The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project assemblages at coastal sites indicate a subsistence pattern focused on shellfish collection and near- shore fishing, suggesting an incipient maritime adaptation with regional similarities to more northern sites of the same period (Koerper et al. 1986). Other artifacts associated with Encinitas Tradition sites include stone bowls, doughnut stones, discoidals, stone balls, and stone, bone, and shell beads. The coastal lagoons in northwestern San Diego County supported large Milling Stone Horizon populations circa 6,000 YBP, as shown by numerous radiocarbon dates from the many sites adjacent to the lagoons. The ensuing millennia were not stable environmentally, and by 3,000 YBP, many of the coastal sites in central San Diego County had been abandoned (Gallegos 1987, 1992). The abandonment of the area is usually attributed to the sedimentation of coastal lagoons and the resulting deterioration of fish and mollusc habitat, a situation well documented at Batiquitos Lagoon (Miller 1966; Gallegos 1987). Over a two thousand year period at Batiquitos Lagoon, dominant mollusc species occurring in archaeological middens shifted from deep-water molluscs (Argopecten sp.) to species tolerant of tidal flat conditions (Chione sp.), indicating water depth and temperature changes (Miller 1966; Gallegos 1987). This situation likely occurred for other small drainages (Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, San Marcos, and Escondido Creeks) along the central San Diego coast, where low flow rates did not produce sufficient discharge to flush the lagoons they fed (Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, Batiquitos, and San Elijo Lagoons) (Byrd 1998). Drainages along the northern and southern San Diego coastline were larger, and flushed the coastal hydrological features they fed, keeping them open to the ocean and allowing for continued human exploitation (Byrd 1998). Los Peiiasquitos lagoon exhibits dates as late as 2,355 YBP (Smith and Moriarty 1985b), and Sorrento Valley (Carrico and Taylor 1983; Carrico and Gallegos 1988; Gallegos et al. 1989; Smith and Moriarty 1983; WESTEC 1975). San Diego Bay showed continuous occupation until the close of the Milling Stone Horizon (Gallegos et al. 1988). Additionally, data from several drainages in Camp Pendleton indicate a continued occupation of shell midden sites until the close of the period, indicating that coastal sites were not entirely abandoned during this time (Byrd 1998). By 5,000 YBP, an inland expression of the La Jolla Complex, which exhibits influences from the Campbell Tradition from the north, is evident in the archaeological record. These inland Milling Stone Horizon sites have been termed "Pauma Complex" (True 1958; Warren et al. 1961; Meighan 1954). By definition, Pauma Complex sites share a predominance of grinding implements (manos and metates), lack mollusc remains, have a greater tool variety (including atl-atl dart points, quarry-based tools, and crescentics ), and seem to express a more sedentary lifestyle with a subsistence economy based on the use of a broad variety of terrestrial resources. Although originally viewed as a separate culture from the coastal La Jolla Complex (True 1980), it appears that these inland sites may be part of a subsistence and settlement system utilized by the coastal peoples. Evidence from the 4S Project in inland San Diego County suggests that these inland sites may represent seasonal components within an annual subsistence round by La Jolla Complex populations (Raven-Jennings et al. 1996). Including both coastal and inland sites of this time 3.0-4 .. -.. -.. -.. -.. -.. -.. --------.. ---.. -.. --------.. - The Ponto Beach.front Village Vision Plan Project period in discussions of the Encinitas Tradition, therefore, provides a more a complete appraisal of the settlement and subsistence system exhibited by this cultural complex . 3.2.3 The Late Prehistoric Period The Late Prehistoric period begins approximately 1,300 YBP when a Shoshonean-speaking group from the Great Basin region moved into Riverside County. This period is characterized by higher population densities and elaborations in social, political, and technological systems . Economic systems diversified and intensified during this period, with the continued elaboration of trade networks, the use of shell-bead currency, and the appearance of more labor-intensive, but effective, technological innovations, such as the bedrock mortar for use in acorn processing. Atlatl darts were replaced by smaller arrow points to be used with the bow and arrow. The period is divided into two phases, San Luis Rey I and San Luis Rey II, and is based upon the introduction of pottery (Meighan 1954). Through radiocarbon dating, the introduction of pottery and the initiation of the San Luis Rey II phase began at approximately 1300 A.D. San Luis Rey I is characterized by the use of portable shaped or unshaped slab metates, and non-portable bedrock milling features. Manos and pestles can also be shaped or unshaped. Cremations, bone awls, and stone and shell ornaments are also prominent in the material culture. The later San Luis Rey II assemblage is augmented by pottery cooking and storage vessels, cremation urns, and polychrome pictographs. The fluorescence of rock art likely appeared as the result of increased population sizes and increased sedentism (True et al. 1974). Projectile points are dominated by the Cottonwood Triangular series, but Desert Side-notched and Dos Cabazas Serrated styles also occur. Subsistence is thought to have focused on the utilization of acorns, a storable species that allowed for relative sedentism and increased populations. The ethnographic period begins at approximately AD 1769 when the Mission San Luis Rey was established. Ethnohistorical and ethnographic evidence indicates that the Luiseiio occupied northern San Diego County. These peoples were seasonal hunter-gatherers with cultural elements that were very distinct from the Archaic Period peoples, including cremation, the use of the bow and arrow, and use of the acorn as a main food staple (Moratto 1984). Along the coast, the Luiseiio made use of the marine resources available by fishing and collecting mollusks for food. Seasonally available terrestrial resources, including acorns and game, were also sources of nourishment for Luiseiio groups. The elaborate kinship and clan systems between the Luiseiio and Cahuilla and other groups facilitated a wide-reaching trade network that included trade of Obsidian Butte obsidian and other resources from the eastern deserts and steatite from the Channel Islands. The Luiseiio were Takic-speaking people more closely related linguistically and ethnographically to each other and the Cahuilla, Gabrielino and Cupeiio than to the Kumeyaay, who occupied territory to the south. The Luiseiio occupied a territory bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the east by the Peninsular Range Mountains at San Jacinto, including Palomar Mountain to the south and 3.0-5 --.. -.. ----------illl ---illl -illl ----------.. -.. illl -- The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project Santiago Peak to the north, on the south by Agua Hedionda Lagoon, and on the north by Aliso Creek in present day San Juan Capistrano. The Luiseiio differed from their neighboring Takic speakers in having an extensive proliferation of social statuses, a system of ruling families that provided ethnic cohesion within the territory, a distinct world view that stemmed from use of the hallucinogen datura, and an elaborate religion that included ritualized sand paintings of the sacred being "Chingichngish" (Bean and Shipek 1978; Kroeber 1925). The Luiseiio occupied sedentary villages, most often located in sheltered areas in valley bottoms, along streams, or along coastal strands near mountain ranges. Villages were located near water sources to facilitate acorn leaching, and in areas that offered thermal and defensive protection. Villages were composed of areas that were both publicly and privately, or family, owned. Publicly owned areas included trails, temporary campsites, hunting areas, and quarry sites. Inland groups had fishing and gathering sites along the coast that were utilized, particularly from January to March, when inland food resources were scarce. During October and November, most of the village would relocate to mountain oak groves to harvest acorns. For the remainder of the year, the Luiseiio remained at village sites, where food resources were within a day's travel (Bean and Shipek 1978; Kroeber 1925). 3.2.4 Historic Period Spanish Period (1769-1821) The Spanish occupation of the claimed territory of Alta California took place during the reign of King Carlos III of Spain. A representative of the King in Mexico, Jose de Galvez, conceived of the plan to colonize Alta California and thereby secure the area for the Spanish crown (Rolle l %9). The effort involved both a military and a religious contingent, with the overall intent of establishing forts and missions to gain control of the land and of the native inhabitants through conversion. Actual colonization of the San Diego area began on July 16, 1769, when the first Spanish exploring party, commanded by Gaspar de Portola (with Father Junfpero Serra in charge of religious conversion of the native populations), arrived in San Diego to secure California for the Spanish crown (Palou 1926). The natural attraction of the harbor at San Diego and the establishment of a military presence in the area solidified the importance of San Diego to the Spanish colonization of the region and the growth of the civilian population. Missions were constructed from San Diego to as far north as San Francisco. The mission locations were based on a number of important territorial, military, and religious considerations. Grants of land to persons who made an application were made, but many tracts reverted to the government for lack of use. As an extension of territorial control by the Spanish empire, each mission was placed so as to command as much territory and as large a population as possible. While primary access to California during the Spanish Period was by sea, the route of El Camino Real served as the land route for transportation, commercial, and military activities. This route was considered to be the most direct path between the missions (Rolle 1969). As increasing numbers of Spanish and 3.0-6 -----.. -------.. -.. -.. -11111 ---.. ---.. .. ------.. .. ... The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project Mexican people, and later Americans during the Gold Rush, settled in the area, the Indian populations diminished as they were displaced or decimated by disease (Carrico and Taylor 1983). Mexican Period (1821-1846) By 1821, Mexico had gained independence from Spain, and the northern territories were subject to political repercussions. By 1834, all of the mission lands had been removed from the control of the Franciscan Order under the Acts of Secularization. Without proper maintenance, the missions quickly began to disintegrate and after 1836, missionaries ceased to make regular visits inland to minister the needs of the Indians (Engelhardt 1921 ). Large tracts of land continued to be granted to persons who applied for them or had gained favor with the Mexican government. Grants of land were also made to settle government debts . Anglo-American Period (1846-Present/ California was invaded by United States troops during the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848. The acquisition of strategic Pacific ports and California land was one of the principal objectives of the war (Price 1967). At the time, the inhabitants of California were practically defenseless, and they quickly surrendered to the United States Navy in July 1847 (Bancroft 1884). The cattle ranchers of the "counties" of southern California prospered during the cattle boom of the early 1850s. They were able to "reap windfall profit ... pay taxes and lawyer's bills ... and generally Jive according to custom" (Pitt 1966). Cattle raising soon declined, however, contributing to the expansion of agriculture. With the passage of the "No Fence Act," San Diego's economy changed from stock raising to farming (Rolle 1969). The act allowed for the expansion of unfenced farms, which was crucial in an area where fencing material was practically unavailable. Five years after its passage, most of the arable lands in San Diego County had been patented as either ranchos or homesteads, and growing grain crops replaced raising cattle in many of the county's inland valleys (Blick 1976; Elliott 1883 [1965]). By 1870, farmers had learned to dry farm and were coping with some of the peculiarities of San Diego County's climate (San Diego Union, February 6, 1868; Van Dyke 1886). Between 1869 and 1871, the amount of cultivated acreage in the county rose from less than 5,000 acres to more than 20,000 (San Diego Union, January 2, 1872). Of course, droughts continued to hinder the development of agriculture (Crouch 1915; San Diego Union, November 10, 1870; Shipek 1977). Large-scale farming in San Diego County was limited by a lack of water and the small size of arable valleys; also, the small urban population and poor roads restricted commercial crop growing. Nevertheless, cattle continued to be grazed in inland San Diego County (Gordinier I 966). 3.0--7 -------------------------------------- The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project During the first two decades of the twentieth century, the population of San Diego County continued to grow. The population of the inland county declined during the 1890s, but between 1900 and 1910, it rose by about 70 percent. The pioneering efforts were over, the railroads had broken the relative isolation of southern California, and life in San Diego County became similar to other communities throughout the west. After World War I, the history of San Diego County was primarily detennined by the growth of San Diego Bay. In 1919, the United States Navy decided to make the bay the home base for the Pacific Fleet (Pourade 1967). During the 1920s, the aircraft industry also established itself at the bay (Heiges 1976). The establishment of these industries led to the growth of the county as a whole; however, most of the growth occurred in the north county coastal areas, where the population almost tripled between 1920 and 1930. During this time period, the history of inland San Diego County was subsidiary to that of the City of San Diego, which became a Navy center and industrial city (Heiges 1976). In inland San Diego County, agriculture became specialized, and recreational areas were established in the mountain and desert areas. Just before World War II, urbanization began to spread to the inland county and the northern and southern peripheries of the city, including the area of northwestern San Diego County that contains the current study area. 3.0-8 --.. -------------.. ----.. ---------------- Tiu! Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project 4.0 METHODOLOGY The Phase I archaeological assessment conducted for the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project area of future development consisted of an archaeological field survey and an institutional records search. This archaeological study conformed to the City of Carlsbad Cultural Resources Guidelines (1990). Statutory requirements of CEQA were followed in evaluating potential impacts. According to the City of Carlsbad Cultural Resource Guidelines, a cultural resource is considered significant when it: • • • • • Exemplifies or reflects special elements of the City's cultural social, economic, political, aesthetic, engineering, or architectural history; Is identified with persons or events significant in local, state, or national history; Embodies distinctive characteristics of a style, type, period, or method of construction, is a valuable example of the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship, or is representative of a notable work of an acclaimed builder, designer, or architect; Is an archaeological, paleontological, biological, geological, topographical, ecological, or geographical site which has the potential of yielding information of scientific value; or, Is a geographically definable area possessing concentration of sites, buildings, structures, improvements, or objects linked historically through location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and/or association, in which the collective value of the improvements may be greater than the value of each individual improvement For the purposes of this assessment, a significant impact will occur if the proposed project would: • • • Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource as defined in Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines; Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource as defined in Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines; or, Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries . 4.1 Pedestrian Survey Methodology The intensive archaeological survey was conducted by project archaeologist Seth A. Rosenberg and field archaeologist Andrew Hoge on June 12, 2006, using a series of parallel transects spaced at approximately five to ten meter intervals. In this way, the entire project area was thoroughly examined for the remains of cultural resources. The project area exhibited signs of extreme disturbances due to the development of residential and commercial structures, roads, 4.~l --.. -.. ----------------------.. -.. .. -.. ----- The Ponto Beachjront Village Vision Plan Project agricultural fields, and drainages. Therefore, special attention was paid towards investigating the integrity of possible historic structures and any prehistoric resources identified within the property. 4.2 Institutional Records Search An archaeological records search was conducted for this project by the SCIC at SDSU on April 27, 2006. In addition to providing site locations and previous archaeological investigations, the following historic sources were consulted: • • • • Historic Address Database 1948 USGS Encinitas, California topographic map ( 1 :24,000) 1898 and 1942 USGS Oceanside, California topographic maps (l:62,500) Map Showing Roads and Trails in Use from 1769-1885: San Diego County, California (1955). The results of the records search were reviewed by BFSA. One previously recorded site was located within the project area (SDI-11,026). See Section 3.3 for a detailed review of the records search results. 4.3 Native American Consultation Included in the archaeological investigation of the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project was a records search request of the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) Sacred Land Files for cultural resources within, or adjacent to the project area. According to NAHC records no known resources are located within the project boundaries. The NAHC supplied a list of Native American contacts that may have additional information concerning these cultural resources. On May 23, 2006, BFSA supplied each Native American contact with project specifics and a location map. As of the submission of this report, only the Cupa Cultural Center of the Pala Band of Mission Indians has responded with a statement indicating they are unaware of any resources within the project boundaries. Correspondence with the NAHC and an example of the letter sent to all suggested local Native American groups listed by the NAHC are provided in Appendix III. 4.0-2 -.. ----.. .. ----------.. --.. -----.. -----.. -.. .. The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project 5.0 REPORT OF FINDINGS A Phase I archaeological assessment was conducted for the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan in the City of Carlsbad, San Diego. The results of the archaeological investigation, including data obtained from both the records search and the field reconnaissance, are discussed in the following paragraphs. Assessment of any identified resources was conducted according to the criteria outlined in Section 4.0. 5.1 Institutional Records Search Results The archaeological records search conducted for this project was performed by the SCIC at SDSU, the results of which were reviewed by BFSA. The records search revealed that two known sites, SDI-11,206 and SDI-17,403, are located within the area to be developed (Figure 2.0-2; Appendix II). However, after reviewing the DNR site forms supplied by the SCIC, it is apparent that SDI-17,403 refers to the same site as SDI-11,206. SCIC files indicate that both sites are situated in the same location and are associated with an older San Diego Museum of Man site number designation, W-84. Site SDI-ll,206includes W-84and W-88, both of which were subjected to a data recovery program in 1985 (Smith & Moriarty 1985a). Smith and Moriarty determined that sites W-84 and W-88 were most likely the same site; however, the construction of the railroad across the mouth of Batiquitos Lagoon cut out the center of the site. Aerial photographs from 1985 clearly illustrate the relationship of the two sites and the railroad cut (Plates 5.0-1 and 5.0-2). For the current investigation, only W-84 lies within project boundaries. Excavations conducted by Smith and Moriarty for W-84 consisted of the placement of eight mechanically excavated trenches, two standard one-square-meter excavation units, and two "block" two-square-meter excavation units. Excavations resulted in the determination that W-84 (western portion of SDI-11,206) is an Early Holocene/Middle Holocene transition site associated with the Early Archaic cultural horizon. The site exhibited a midden deposit consisting of darkened organic soil. Artifacts recovered included lithic production waste, precision tools, ground stone tools, and percussion tools. Ecofacts included marine shell, dominated by Chione species. Excavations also indicated that the site has been disturbed by agricultural activities and the construction of the railroad line. For further information on excavation specifics and material culture recovery, see Smith and Moriarty (1985a) . In addition to Sites SDI-11,206 and SDI-17,403, 16 cultural resources are present within one mile of the project (Table 3.0-1 ). The majority of the sites represent the prehistoric occupation of the Batiquitos Lagoon area, which usually includes shell scatters reflecting the heavy utilization oflocal marine resources. Historically, the area has been agricultural in nature. Previous research throughout the Batiquitos Lagoon area has been extensive due to heavy development within the City of Carlsbad. According to SCIC files, a total of 46 archaeological studies, including three Environmental Impact Reports, have been completed within one mile of the project area, four of which either overlap or were adjacent to the current project area (Table 3.0-2). The most recent 5.0-1 .. -.. -------------.. -----------.. ---,.. - --- The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project archaeological investigation conducted within or adjacent to the current project area was a constraints study performed by RECON in 2003 (Appendix II). RECON relocated Site SDI- 11,026 and subsequently recommended a testing program to detennine the significance of the site. No other cultural resources were identified within the area of future development All primary data obtained during the records search is provided in Appendix II. 5.2 Field Reconnaissance Results The field reconnaissance was conducted on June 12, 2006. The majority of the project area was easily accessible and contained poor to excellent ground visibility, depending on the degree of development and vegetation cover. According to the City of Carlsbad and RBF Consulting, access had been denied for APNs 214-160-05, -27, -28, -34, and -36. However, the inability to conduct a pedestrian survey within these parcels did not impede the field reconnaissance. All structures were visible from outside of the inaccessible parcels. In addition, previous development of these areas negates the likelihood of finding any intact prehistoric deposits. The project has been disturbed in its' entirety by previous use and development, consisting of agricultural activities and railroad, residential, commercial, drainage, and road construction. Photographs documenting field conditions at the time of the survey are presented in Plates 5.0-3 and 5.0-4. The archaeological survey resulted in the relocation of Site SDI-11,026. The site was observed as a light to moderate marine shell scatter. The surface expression of the site consisted of a widely dispersed shell scatter (approximately one to two fragments/m2). This area is approximately 23 meters north/south by 367 .5 meters east/west and occupies an area of approximately 2,938 m2 (31,329 feef). A heavier shell scatter (approximately 15 fragments/m2) was located within the lighter shell scatter at the southeastern-most edge of the area to be developed. This smaller area is approximately 75.5 meters north/south by 177.2 meters east/west and occupies an area of approximately 1,343 m2 (14,456 feef). No other ecofacts or artifacts were observed. The artifacts were most likely collected during earlier investigations. As described earlier (Smith & Moriarty 1985), the site appears to bave been disturbed by agricultural activities and railroad construction. Plate 5.0-5 and Figure 5.0-1 show the current state of Site SDI-11,026. The current archaeological reconnaissance failed to identify any additional prehistoric resources within the area of future development. The area of future development contains several residential and commercial structures known to be of historical age located along Ponto Drive. However, an analysis of all the structures within the property indicates that none of the buildings possesses significant architecture or integrity and are, therefore, not significant according to City of Carlsbad and CEQA criteria, as defined in Section 4.0. Two of the structures are shown below in Plates 5.0-6 and 5.0-7. 5.0-2 -.. .. .. -... -... ----------.. .. .. .. ------.. -----,.. -.. - The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project TABLES.0-1 Previously Recorded Sites Within One Mile of the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project Sites SDI-603 SDl-607 SDI-760 SDI-762 SDI-6749 SDI-6750 SDI-9589 SDI-10,439 SDl-11,953 SDI-12,130 SDI-12,670 SDI-12.807 SDI-12,810 SDI-13,739/H SDI-15,679 SDI-17,404 Site Descriptions Prehistoric: shell midden, percussion and ground stone tools, and one burial. Prehistoric: shell scatter. Prehistoric: Iithic and shell scatter. Prehistoric: shell midden and isolated metate. Unknown: site record missing from SCIC. Prehistoric: shell midden. Does not contain any prehistoric or historic material. Should be deleted from SCIC cultural resource inventory. Prehistoric: lithic and shell scatter, percussion, groundstone, and precision tools . Prehistoric: shell midden, isolated mano/pestle, bone awl, and ceramics . Prehistoric: lithic and shell scatter, fire affected rock, percussion, groundstone, and precision tools. Prehistoric: lithic and shell scatter, fire affected rock, percussion, groundstone, and precision tools. Prehistoric: lithic and shell scatter, fire affected rock, percussion, groundstone, and precision tools, and three burials . Prehistoric: Shell midden, lithic scatter, fire affected rock, percussion, groundstone, and precision tools. 5.0-3 Multi-component: lithic and shell scatter, fire affected rock, groundstone and percussion tools, and historic trash. Prehistoric: shell scatter. Prehistoric: cobble hearths. --... ---------------------------.. ------- The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project TABLES.0-2 Previous Archaeological Studies Conducted Adjacent to, or Within, the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project Smith, Brian F. 1996 Results of the Archaeological Monitoring of the Poinsettia Shores Project, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California. Brian F. Smith & Associates. Submitted to Kaisa Poinsettia Corporation. Unpublished Report on File at the South Coastal lnfonnation Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. Smith, Brian F. & James R. Moriarty III 1999 The Archaeological Excavations of Cultural Resources at the Batiquitos Pointe and Batiquitos Bluffs Projects, Sites W-84, W-88, W-95, and W-2551. Archaeological/Historical Consultants. Submitted to Sammis Properties, Inc. Unpublished Report on File at the South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. RECON I 985 Draft Environmental Impact Report for the Batiquitos Lagoon Educational Park Master Plan EIR 84-3. RECON. Submitted to City of Carlsbad. Unpublished Report on File at the South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. RECON 2003 Cultural Resource Constraints Study of the Ponto Specific Plan, City of Carlsbad, California. RECON. Submitted to Robert Bein, William Frost & Associates. Unpublished Report on File at the South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. 5.0--4 Proposed Developmeot Chione: CJ Moderate to Heavy Concentration LJ Light Concentration Figure 5.0-1 Site Location Map Showing Current Surface Expression of SDI-J 1,026 The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project 5.0-5 1:7,200 I ind! eqwil• <,0Q foci 0 20 40 10 1a> MO 0 JS 1!i0 300 ... ... .... The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project Plate 5.0-1 Aerial photograph of SDI-11,026 in 1985 facing north. Note the original Museum of Man site designation numbers and the railroad construction disturbance. Only the southern portion of SDI-11,026 (W-84) is within the current project boundaries. Plate 5.0-2 Aerial photograph of SDI-11,026 in 1985 facing northwest. 5.0-6 The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project Plate 5.0-3 Overview of project area, facing north. Plate 5.0--4 Overview of the project area, facing east. 5.0-7 The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project Plate 5.0-5 Overview of current state of Site SDI-11,026. Plate 5.0-6 View of an altered 1930s single-family dwelling on APN 214-160-36, facing east. 5.0-8 The Ponto Beachjront Village Vision Plan Project Plate S.0-7 View of 1940s/1950s apartments with RV garage on APNs 214-160-11 & -21, facing northeast. 5.0-9 ---... --------.. --------------... ---... -----... The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project 6.0 SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS The archaeological record search and pedestrian survey for the area of future development within the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan resulted in the relocation of previously recorded Site SDl-11,026. The site was first observed as a light to moderate marine shell scatter. In 2003, RECON rediscovered the site and recommended a testing program to determine significance. However, the site has been previously subjected to testing and data recovery phases by Smith and Moriarty in 1985. Based on these studies, the research potential of the site has been exhausted and is, therefore, not con~idered significant according to City of Carlsbad and CEQA guidelines. However, because only a small portion of the site was excavated, it is possible that significant subsurface features or deposits are still present. A number of historic structures are located along Ponto Drive in the northern portion of the area of future development. Although landowner permission was not granted to access every parcel within the project area, every structure was visible and structural assessments were possible. No significant historic resources are present within the project area. Therefore, no additional historic research or evaluation is recommended for the project. Due to the known presence of prehistoric resources within the project boundaries and the high density of known archaeological sites in the Batiquitos Lagoon area, there exists a strong possibility of encountering subsurface features or deposits during construction activities. Furthermore, due to the close proximity of the site to archaeological sites with burial contexts, there exists the potential to disturb additional prehistoric burials. Based on the potential for encountering archaeological deposits, a qualified archaeological monitor should be present during grading to identify any cultural resources uncovered during construction activities. An on-site monitor will facilitate the identification and evaluation of any resources, should they be found. In the event that intact deposits, features, or human remains are discovered, construction work at that location will be stopped until the City is notified and appropriate measures completed to mitigate impacts to significant discoveries. Any archaeological work required to mitigate impacts to cultural deposits shall include the presence of a Native American monitor . 6.0--1 --.. ---.. .. ------.. -----------.. -.. ---.. ----- The. Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Projed 7.0 CERTIFICATION I hereby certify that the statements furnished above and in the attached exhibits present the data and information required for this archaeological report, and that the facts, statements, and information presented are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief, and have been compiled in accordance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) criteria as defined in Section 15064.5 and Qty of Carlsbad cultural resource criteria. Jul 31 2006 Date 7.0-1 ----------.. ----- ------------------.. -- The Ponto Beachjront Village Vision Plan Project 8.0 REFERENCES CITED Bancroft, Hubert Howe 1884 History o/California, Vols. I and II. The History Company, San Francisco. Beauchamp, R. Mitchell 1986 A Flora of San Diego County, California. Sweetwater River Press, National City, California . Bedwell, S. F. 1970 Prehistory and Environment of the Pluvial Fort Rock Area of South-central Oregon. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene. Bowman, R. H. 1973 Soil Survey of the San Diego Area, California. Part I. Soil Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Blick, J. D. 1976 Agriculture in San Diego County. In San Diego -An Introduction to the Area. Edited by Philip Pryde. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa. Bull, Charles S. 1987 A New Proposal: Some Suggestions for San Diego Prehistory. In San Dieguito-La Jolla: Chronology and Controversy. Edited by Dennis Gallegos. San Diego County Archaeological Society Research Paper (No. 1). Byrd, B.F. 1998 Harvesting the Littoral Landscape During the Late Holocene: New Perspectives from Northern San Diego County. In Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 20(2): 195-218. California Division of Mines and Geology 1996 Geologic Maps of the Northwestern Part of San Diego County, California. DMG Open File Report 96-02. Carrico, Richard L. and Clifford V. F. Taylor 1983 Excavation of a Portion of Ystagua: A Coastal Valley lpai Settlement. Environmental Impact Report on file at the City of San Diego, Environmental Quality Division. Carrico, R. L. and D.R. Gallegos 1988 Data Recovery Program/or a Portion of Pump Station 64 Force Main Improvement. Manuscript on file, South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Davis, E. L., C. W. Brott, and D. L. Weide 1969 The Western Lithic Co-Tradition. San Diego Museum Papers (No. 6). San Diego Museum of Man, San Diego. 8.0-1 -----.. .. -.. .. ----------.. -----.. -.. -----.. -.. The Ponto Beachfront VU/age Vision Plan Project Elliott, Wallace W . 1883 History of San Bernardino and San Diego Counties (1965 Edition). Riverside Museum Press, Riverside, California . Engelhardt, Zephryn 1921 San Diego Mission. James M. Barry Company, San Francisco . Gallegos, Dennis 1987 A Review and Synthesis of Environmental and Cultural Material for the Batiquitos Lagoon Region. In San Dieguito-La Jolla: Chronology and Controversy. Editor. (San Diego County Archaeological Society Research Paper [No. 1 ]). 1991 Antiquity and Adaptation at Agua Hedionda, Carlsbad, California. In Hunter- Gatherers of Early Holocene Coastal California, edited by John M. Erlandson and Roger H. Colton, pp. 19-41. Perspectives in California Archaeology, No. 1. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles. 1992 Patterns and Implications of Coastal Settlement in San Diego County: 9,000 to 1,300 Years Ago. In Essays on the Prehistory of Maritime California. Edited by Terry Jones. Center for Archaeological Research, Davis, California. 2002 Southern California in Transition: Late Holocene Occupation of Southern San Diego County. Catalysts to Complexity: Late Holocene Societies of the California Coast, edited by J. Erlandson and T. Jones. Gallegos, Dennis and Richard Carrico 1984 Windsong Shores Data Recovery Program/or Site W-131, Carlsbad, California. Report on file at the South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University . Gallegos, Dennis, R. Phillips and Carolyn Kyle 1988 Five Thousand Years of Maritime Subsistence at Ballast Point Prehistoric Site SDI-48 (W-164 ), San Diego, California. Prepared for the Department of the Navy by Westec Services, Inc., San Diego. Gallegos, Dennis, Andrew Pigniolo and Roxana Phillips 1989 A Cultural And Paleontological Inventory Update/or the University of California at San Diego and Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Manuscript on file with the South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University . Gordinier, Jerry G. 1966 Problems of Settlement in the San Diego Foothills. Unpublished Master's thesis, San Diego State College, San Diego . Hayden, Julian D. 1987 Notes on the Apparent Course of San Dieguito Development. In San Dieguito-La Jolla: Chronology and Controversy. Edited by Susan M. Hector. San Diego County Archaeological Society Research Paper (No. 1 ). Heiges, Harvey 1976 The Economic Base of San Diego County. In San Diego -An Introduction to the Region. Edited by Philip Pryde. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa. 8.0-2 -------------------------------------- The Ponto Beachjront Village Vision Plan Project Kaldenberg, Russell 1982 Rancho Park North: A San Dieguito-La Jolla Shellfish Processing Site in Coastal Southern California. Occasional Paper (No. 6). Imperial Valley College Museum Society, El Centro, California. Koerper, Henry C., Paul E. Langenwalter and Adella Schroth 1986 The Agua Hedionda Project Archaeological Investigations at CA-SDI-5353 and CA- SDI-9649. Report on file at the South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University. 1991 Early Holocene Adaptations and the Transition Phase Problem: Evidence from the Allan 0. Kelly Site, Agua Hedionda Lagoon. In Hunter-Gatherers of Early Holocene Coastal California. Edited by Jon M. Erlandson and Roger H. Colten. Perspectives in California Archaeology, Volume 1, Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles. Kroeber, A. L. 1925 Handbook of the Indians of California. Dover Editions, Dover Publications, Inc., New York. Masters, Patricia, Dennis Gallegos, and Carolyn Kyle 1988 Five Thousand Years of Marine Subsistence at Ballast Point Prehistoric Site SDI-48 (W-164) San Diego, California. Report on file with the South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University. Meighan, C. W. 1954 A Late Complex in Southern California Prehistory. In Southwestern Journal of Anthropology Vol. 10, No. 2. Miller, Jaquelin Neva 1966 The Present and the Past Molluscan Faunas and Environments of Four Southern California Coastal Lagoons. Unpublished Master's thesis, University of California, San Diego. Moratto, Michael J. 1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, New York. Moriarty, James R., III 1961 ''The Coast Diegueiio, San Diego's Historic Indian." Cabrillo Historical Society Journal (Vol. I, No. 3). 1966 Culture Phase Divisions Suggested by Topological Change Coordinated with Stratigraphically Controlled Radiocarbon Dating in San Diego. Anthropological Journal of Canada (Vol. 4, No. 4). 1967 Transitional Pre-Desert Phase in San Diego County. Science Vol. 155. 1969 San Dieguito Complex: Suggested Environmental and Cultural Relationships. Anthropological Journal of Canada (Vol. 7, No. 3). 8.0-3 -----------------------------------... -- The Ponto Beach/rant Village Vision Plan Project 1987 A Separate Origins Theory for Two Early Man Cultures in California. In San Dieguito- La Jolla: Chronology and Controversy. Edited by Susan M. Hector. San Diego County Archaeological Society Research Paper (No. 1). Norwood, Richard H. 1979 Cultural Resources of Diamond West/Sunset Hills: A Development in Oceanside, California. Report on file at South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Palou, Fray Francisco 1926 Historical Memoirs of New California. Edited by Herbert Eugene Bolton ( 4 Volumes). University of California Press, Berkeley. Pitt, Leonard 1966 The Decline of the Californias. University of California Press, Los Angeles. Pourade, Richard F. 1%7 The Rising Tide: Southern California in the Twenties and Thirties. Union-Tribune Publishing Company, San Diego. Price, Glenn W. 1%7 Origins of the War with Mexico. University of Texas Press, Austin. Raven-Jennings, Shelly, Brian F. Smith and Johnna L. Buysse 19% The Results of a Cultural Resource Study at the 4S Ranch, Rancho Bernardo, County of San Diego. Report on file at Brian F. Smith and Associates, San Diego, California. Rogers, Malcolm J. 1939 Early Lithic Industries of the Lower Basin of the Colorado River and Adjacent Desert Areas. San Diego Museum Papers (No. 3). San Diego Museum of Man. 1966 Ancient Hunters of the Far West. Edited with contributions by H. M. Worthington, E. L. Davis, and Oark W. Brott. Union Tribune Publishing Company, San Diego. Rolle, Andrew F. I %9 California: A History (Second Edition). Thomas Y. Crowell Company, New York. Shipek, Aorence 1977 A Strategy for Change: The Luisefio of Southern California. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation on file at the University of Hawaii. Shipley, W. 1978 Native Languages of California. In Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8: California, pp. 80-90, edited by RF. Heizer. Washington D.C. Smithsonian Institution. Shumway, George, Carl L. Hubbs, and James R. Moriarty 1%1 Scripps Estate Site, San Diego, California: A La Jollan Site Dated 5,460-7,370 Years Before the Present. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (Vol. 93, No. 3). 8.0-4 ... ----.. ------------------.. --- --.. -.. ... --... The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project Smith, Brian F. 1987 The Excavations at Site CA-SDI-9956/W-3376. Environmental Impact Report on file at the County of San Diego, Department of Planning and Land Use. Smith, Brian F. & James R. Moriarty III 1983 An Archaeological Evaluation of a Drainage Channel Project at the South Sorrento Business Park. Environmental Impact Report on file at the City of San Diego. 1985a The Archaeological Excavations of Cultural Resources at the Batiquitos Pointe and Batiquitos Bluffs Projects, Sites W-84, W-88, W-95, and W-2551. Archaeological/Historical Consultants. Submitted to Sammis Properties, Inc. Unpublished Report on File at the South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA. I 985b The Archaeological Excavations at Site W-20. Environmental Impact Report on file at the City of San Diego, Environmental Quality Division. True,D. L. 1958 An Early Complex in San Diego County, California. In American Antiquity (Vol. 23, No. 3). 1980 The Pauma Complex in Northern San Diego County: 1978. In Journal of New World Archaeology 3(4). Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles. Van Dyke, Theodore 1886 Southern California. Fords, Howard and Hulbert. Walker, E.F. 1951 Five Prehistoric Sites in Los Angeles County, California. Publications of the Frederick Webb Hodge Anniversary Publication Fund 6: 1-116 Wal lace, William J. 1955 A Suggested Chronology for Southern California Coastal Archaeology. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology (Vol. 11, No. 3). Albuquerque . Warren, Claude N. 1966 The San Dieguito Type Site: Malcolm J. Roger's 1938 Excavation on the San Dieguito River. San Diego Museum Papers (6). I %7 The San Dieguito Complex: A Review and Hypothesis. American Antiquity, Vol. 2, No. 2. Salt Lake City, Utah. 1 %8 Cultural Tradition and Ecological Adaptation on the Southern California Coast. In Archaic Prehistory in the Western United States. Edited by C. Irwin-Williams. Eastern New Mexico Contributions in Anthropology (Vol. 1, No. 3) . Warren, C. N. and D. L. True 1 % 1 The San Dieguito Complex and Its Place in California Prehistory. Archaeological Survey Annual Report /960-1961. University of California, Los Angeles . 8.0-5 .. ------1111 ----.. --.. --,,. ---.. ----... -------... -- The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project Warren, C. N., D. L. True and Ardith A. Eudy 1961 Early Gathering Complexes of Western San Diego County: Results and Interpretations of an Archaeological Survey. Archaeological Survey Annual Report 1960-1961:246-338. University of California, Los Angeles WESTEC Services, Inc. 1 ens Rimbach Property Archaeological Report. Manuscript on file, South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. 8.0--6 The PonJo Beachfro11t Village Vision Plan Project -------------------------.. .. ... .. .. -.. -.. ---- A Ii! Brian F. Smith & Associates Archaeological/Historical/Paleontological/Biological/Consultlng BRIAN FREDERICK SMITH 14010 Poway Road, Suite A Poway, California 92064 (858) 679-8218 bsmith@bfsa-ca.com EDUCATION Brian F. Smith is the owner and principal historical and archaeological consultant for Brian F. Smith and Associates (BFSA). The company has been in business since 1977. Master of Arts degree from the University of San Diego in History, 1982. Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of San Diego in History and Anthropology, 1975. Completed the U. S. General Services Administration Training Center Course entitled "Introduction to Federal Project and Historic Preservation Law." SUMMARY OF EXPERIENCE As an archaeological consultant and principal investigator registered with various governmental agencies within the State of California since 1977, Brian F. Smith has successfully completed over five hundred archaeological and historical studies at properties within this region, accumulating over 35,000 hours of experience in dealing with sensitive cultural resources and governmental policies. Past projects conducted by Mr. Smith have included survey, test, and salvage programs conducted at sites of historic and/or prehistoric significance. Experience in southern California has included the investigation of prehistoric sites of all major cultural complexes which have existed in the region over the past 12,000 years, and historic sites of the Spanish, Mexican and early American periods. Mr. Smith has completed historic and historical architectural evaluations of structures for Federal and State review. Smith's expertise includes the composition of cultural resource documents for California (CEQA) and federal (NEPA and NHPA) projects, and the design and implementation of mitigation programs . MAJOR PROFESSIONAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS These selected major professional accomplishments represent research efforts which have added significantly to the body of knowledge concerning the prehistoric lifeways of cultures once present in the southern California area. The following are samples of the research efforts which are considered to have made an impact in the study of historic and prehistoric resources in the area. Charles H. Brown Site -Site Director Attracted international attention to the discovery of evidence of the antiquity of man in North America. Site located in Mission Valley, in the City of San Diego. -------------------.. ------- -.. ---.. -... -... Brian F. Smith and Associates Del Mar Man Site -Site Foreman Study of the now famous Early Man Site in Del Mar, California, for the San Diego Science Foundation and the San Diego Museum of Man, under the direction of Dr. Spencer Rogers and Dr. James R Moriarty. Old Town State Parle Projects -Consulting Historical Archaeologist Projects completed in the Old Town State Park involved development of individual lots for commercial enterprises. The projects completed in Old Town include: • Archaeological and Historical Site Assessment for the Great Wall Cafe (1992). • Archaeological Study for the Old Town Commercial Project ( 1991 ). • Cultural Resources Site Survey at the Old San Diego Inn (1988). City of San Dieeo Reclaimed Water Distribution System -Principal Investigator A cultural resource study of nearly 400 miles of pipeline in the City and County of San Diego. Navy Broadway Complex -Consulting Historian and Archaeologist The Navy Broadway Complex is a massive redevelopment project at the Naval Supply Depot located at the foot of Broadway in Downtown San Diego. This project involved the architectural and historical assessment of over 25 structures that comprise the Naval Supply Depot, many of which have been in use since World War I and were used extensively during World War II. The BIR/EIS which was prepared included National Register evaluations of all structures. The archaeological component of the project involved the excavation of backhoe trenches to search for evidence of the remains of elements of the historic waterfront features that characterized the bay front in the latter half of the 19th century. This study was successful in locating portions of wharves and shanties that existed on the site prior to capping of this area after construction of the sea wall in the early 20th century. Master Environmental Assessment Project. City of Poway Principal Investigator/Historian This project was conducted for the City of Poway to produce a complete inventory of all recorded historic and prehistoric properties within the City. The information was used in conjunction with the City's General Plan Update to produce a map matrix of the City showing areas of high, moderate, and low potential for the presence of cultural resources. The effort also included the development of the City's Cultural Resource Guidelines, which were adopted as City policy. City of Carlsbad Archaeological and Historical Guidelines -Consulting Archaeologist and Historian BFSA was contracted by the City of Carlsbad to produce the draft of the City's historical and archaeological guidelines for use by the Planning Department of the City. .. -----------.. -.. .. --.. -.. --------------.. -.. Brian F. Smith and Associates 4S Ranch Cultural Resource Study -Consulting Archaeologist The 4S Ranch property is a 3,600-acre parcel in northern San Diego County which is being developed as a master plan community. Brian Smith has served as the consulting archaeologist for nine studies of cultural resources on the project, including intensive surveys, recording of 170 archaeological sites, testing of resources for significance evaluations, preparation of mitigation plans, and conducting data recovery programs. The report of findings for the 4S Ranch mitigation program will include significant advances in the understanding of prehistoric subsistence patterns and periods of occupation in the region. .. ------.. -----.. -----.. ---... ---.. ---.. .. .. -... -- SETH A. ROSENBERG 14010 Poway Road, Suite A Poway, CA 92064 (858) 679-8218 srosenberg@bfsa-ca.com EDUCATION Ball State University (BSU), College of Science and Humanities, Muncie, IN. Graduate Student, MA in Anthropology expected July 2006 University of Arizona (UA), College of Arts and Sciences, Tucson, AZ. Bachelor of Arts in Anthropology, May 1998 SUMMARY OF EXPERIENCE February 2005 -Present Project Archaeologist: Brian F. Smith & Associates, San Diego, California -Project Archaeologist for cultural resource management projects. Responsible for all phases of project management from field supervision to producing reports. Directed cultural resource inventory projects in compliance with county requirements, CEQA, and Section 106 for federal, state and local agencies primarily in southern California (San Diego and Riverside Counties). Prepared and edited technical reports documenting background research, findings, and management recommendations. Recorded and evaluated archaeological sites and historic buildings for eligibility to local, state, and national historic registers. Evaluated effects of proposed projects on archaeological sites and historic buildings. Provided management recommendations for site stewardship. Worked with clients to ensure projects were completed effectively and efficiently . Fall Semester 2004 October, 2004 Course Instructor: Anthropology 111, BSU: Global Diversity. The course offers a look at several groups of people from around the modem world and the changes they experience through the processes of globalization . Professional Presentation: Corner Stores and Bottles: African-American Consumption in Indianapolis, IN. Midwest Archaeology/Southeast Archaeology Conference, St Louis, MO . l l I l t C C C I I 1 l Spring Semester 2003, Spring Semester 2004 August, 2002 - December, 2004 September- December 2003 July -September, 2003 Spring Semester 2003 May -August, 2002 April, 2002 June -December, 2001 October, 2000- April 2001 August -October, 2000 June -August, 2000 May, 2000 Graduate Assistantship: Archaeological Resources Management Service (ARMS), Ball State University,Muncie, IN. An;haeolQ&ical Resources Management Service. Ball State Ball State University, Indiana Crew Chief (Survey and Testing). Research As.sistant: Ricardo Fernandez de Vega Dissertation, University of Kentucky National Science Foundation Grant Palguin Valley, 9ili Region, Chile Assisted in survey and testing of Mapuche prehistoric and historic sites in Southern Chile. Fieldwork also consisted of working with Mapuche and Chilean associates to identify indigenous sites. Panamerican Consultants. Inc.. Fort Bragg, NC. Field Technician (Survey). PALS a>Iacine Anthro_polOff in Schools}: Coordinating with local pre-collegiate teachers in the public school system, graduate and undergraduate students to enhance school curriculum with subject areas such as evolution, cross-cultural understanding, multiculturalism, human geography, material culture, race, and ethnicity. Hunter Researc!!, Various Counties, New Jersey. Field Technician (Survey, Testing, and Excavation). Gray & Pape, Inc., Coming, NY. Field Technician (Survey). Skelly & Loy. Inc., Tioga Co. PA. Field Technician (Testing and Excavation). SWCA. Inc.. Douglas, Bisbee, Tempe, Pboenix, Mesa, Gilbert, AZ. Field Technician (Survey, Testing, and Excavation). An;haeoloi:y Research Center. University of Maine at Fannimrton, Swanton, VT. Field Technician (Survey, Testing, and Excavation). Cultural Resource Analysis, Inc,, Charleston, WV. Field Technician (Survey, Testing, and Excavation). Gray & Pape, Inc., Lee County, VA. Field Technician (Survey). ------.. -----... -----.. - ------.. --,. - ... ... -.. Ill A Cultural Resources Study for the Sandon Lot Split Project, Riverside County, California. BFSA project #05-46. April 12, 2005. An Archaeological Survey for the Innovative Resort Communities Project, Escondido, California. BFSA project #05-59. April 4, 2005 . Field Reconnaissance: CR 150 West Borrow Pit, Jefferson County, Indiana, ARMS project #04-FR65. August 30, 2004. Field Reconnaissance: SR 28 Sight Improvement Project, Delaware, Indiana ARMS project #04FR59. August 15, 2004. Archaeological Records Review: Intersection Improvement on SR 14, Fulton County, Indiana, ARMS project #04RC29. August 3, 2004. Field Reconnaissance: Rose/awn Library, Newton County, Indiana, ARMS project #04FR045. July 20, 2004 . Field Reconnaissance: SR 243 Dumpsites, Putnam County, Indiana, ARMS project #04FR053. July 13, 2004. Field Reconnaissance: Pulaski County Bridge #291, Pulaski County, Indiana, ARMS project #04FR46. June 25, 2004. Field Reconnaissance: Deep River Headwaters Restoration, Lake County, Indiana, ARMS project #04FR021. May 27, 2004. Field Reconnaissance: Leopold Cell Tower, Perry County, Indiana, ARMS project #04FR036. May 27, 2004. Field Reconnaissance: Doerner Property Cell Tower, Gibson County, Indiana, ARMS project #04FR026. April 27, 2004. Field Reconnaissance: Centerville Sewer Line, County, Indiana, ARMS project #04FR022. April 19, 2004. Field Reconnaissance: Bridge on SR 15 over Wabee Drain, Kosciusko County, Indiana, ARMS project#03FR081. March 9, 2004. Archaeological Records Review: Kunkle Lake Dam, Wells County, Indiana, ARMS project#04RC006. February 27, 2004. Field Reconnaissance: Waste Area in Cynthiana, Posey County, Indiana, ARMS project #04FR005. February 24, 2004 . Field Reconnaissance: Western Interceptor Project, Tippecanoe County, Indiana, ARMS project #04FR002. February 9, 2004. Field Reconnaissance: Greenbriar Ridge Road Spoil Area, Switzerland County, Indiana, ARMS project#04FR18. February 9, 2004. Archaeological Records Review: SR 25, Boggs ditch Structure Replacement, Kosciusko County, Indiana ARMS project #03RC032. January 22, 2004. Field Reconnaissance: Lanier Mansion Parking Lot, Madison, Jefferson County, Indiana, ARMS Project#03FR0J0. July 8, 2003 . .. ... ---.. -----... -------.. -----.. - -----... -.. - Field Reconnaissance: SR 42 Rehabilitation & Swails Road at SR 42, Te"e Haute, Vigo County, Indiana, ARMS Project#02FR054!02FR084. June 18, 2003. Field Reconnaissance: White County Airport, Monticello, White County, Indiana, ARMS Project#02FR083. May 20, 2003. Field Reconnaissance: Lakeview Park, Rochester, Fulton County, Indiana, ARMS Project#03FR023. May 7, 2003. Field Reconnaissance: Crown Point Trail, Crown Point, lake County, Indiana, ARMS Project#03FR014. April 25, 2003. Field Reconnaissance: Elkhart Trail, Elkhart, Indiana, ARMS project #03FR002. April 7, 2003. Field Reconnaissance: Intersection Improvement on US 52 INDOT Project #STP-082- 2(020), Des #9800840, Hancock and Shelby Counties, IN, ARMS Project #03FR008 . April 7, 2003 Field Reconnaissance: Waste Area, Posey County, Indiana, ARMS Project #03FR023. March 28, 2003 Field Reconnaissance: Patoka lake Public Access, DuBois County, IN, ARMS Project #02FR073. November 1, 2002. Field Reconnaissance: CR 600 North Borrow Pit, DuBois County, IN, ARMS Project #02FR076. October 15, 2002. Field Reconnaissance: Intersection Improvement on US50 at CR 1250 E INDOT Project #NH-042-4 (053), Des #9903090, Daviess County, IN, ARMS Project #02FR072. September 18, 2002 . PROFESSIONAL REFERENCES Tom Yoder, Archaeologist, Project Manager SWCA,Inc. Durango, Colorado 208 Parker Avenue, Suite C Durango, Colorado 81303 (970) 385-7781 (970) 385-7785 Donald Cochran, Director Mitchell Zoll, Principal Investigator Archaeological Resources Management Service Ball State University Muncie, IN 47306 (765) 285-5328 James S-Lee, Principal Investigator Bill Liebeknecht, Principal Investigator, Laboratory Director Hunter Research, Inc. 120 West State Street Trenton, NJ 08608 (609) 695-0122 John Lindley, PhD, Principal Investigator SWCA,Inc. 2120 North Central Avenue, Suite 130 Phoenix, Arizona 85004 (800) 828-8517 (602) 274-3831 The Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project The Ponto Beachfro/11 Village Vision Plan Project Brian F. Smith & Associates April 25, 2006 Mr. Rob Wood, Program Analyst Native American Heritage Commission 915 Capitol Mall, Room 364 Sacramento, California 95814 Archaeological/Historical/Paleontological Consulting· Subject: Sacred Lands records search for the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan, located in the Ponto neighborhood of Carlsbad, California 92009. Dear Mr. Wood, I am writing to request a record search of the Sacred Lands File and a list of appropriate Native American contacts for a project in the Ponto neighborhood of the City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California. This project, called the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan, lies in Township 12 South, Range 4 West as shown on the USGS Encinitas topographic quadrangle. A copy of the appropriate section of the USGS Encinitas 7 .5-minute topographic quadrangle is provided with the project location depicted thereon. Thank you for your assistance in this matter. Attachment: Project Location Map Brian F. Smith & Associates April25,2006 Mr. Rob Wood, Program Analyst Native American Heritage Commission 915 Capitol Mall, Room 364 Sacramento, California 95814 Archaeological/Historical/Paleontological Consulting Subject: Sacred Lands records search for the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan, located in the Ponto neighborhood of Carlsbad, California 92009. Dear Mr. Wood, I am writing to request a record search of the Sacred Lands File and a list of appropriate Native American contacts for a project in the Ponto neighborhood of the City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California. This project, called the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan, lies in Township 12 South, Range 4 West as shown on the USGS Encinitas topographic quadrangle. A copy of the appropriate section of the USGS Encinitas 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle is provided with the project location depicted thereon. Thank you for your assistance in this matter. Attachment: Project Location Map 05/23/2006 16:17 FAX 916 657 5390 NABC ott-. NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION . !tit,; CAPITOL MALL, ROOM 364 SACRAMENTO, CA 1151114 (916) GS:M0e2 Fax (916) &S7-5390 Wtb 811e-.Mhc.ca.goy Larry Pierson Brian F. Smith & Associates Sent by Fax: 858-679-9896 Number of Pages: 7 May 23, 2006 RE: Proposed Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan, Carlsbad: San Diego County Dear Mr. Pierson: A record search of the sacred land file has failed to incicate the presence of Native American cultural resoul'Qes in the Immediate project area The absence ot specific site information In the sacred lands file does not indicate the absence of cultural resources in any project area. Other sources of cultural resources should also be cornacted for information regarding known and recorded sites. Enclosed is a list of Native Americans individualslorganizations who may have knowledge of cultural resources in the project area. The Commission makes no recommendation or preference of a single individual, or group over another. This list should proVide a starting plaoe in locating areas of potential adverse impact within the proposed project area. I suggest you contact all of those indicated, if they cannot supply information, they might recommend others with specific knowtedge. By contacting all those listBd, your organization will be better able to respond to claims ot failure to consult with the appropriate tribe or group. If a response has not been received Within two weeks of notification, the Commission requests that you follow-up with a telephone call to ensure that the project information has been received. If ycu receive notification of change ot addresses and phone numbers frorn any"ot these individuals or groups, please notify me. Wl1h your assistance we are able to assure that our lists contain current information. If you have any questions or need additional information, please contact me at (916) 653-4040. s· ly, ./ _ weld..' RooWOOd 141001 May 23, 2006 Leon Acevedo, Chairperson Jamul Indian Village P.O. Box 612 Jamul, CA 91935 Subject: Information regarding Native American Sacred Lands on or near the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan project. Dear Mr. Acevedo: This inquiry is a follow-up to my letter dated April 25, 2006, requesting information you may have regarding the existence of Native American Sacred Lands on or near the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan project. The information you provide will be used to assess areas of potential adverse impact within the proposed project. Any information you might provide will be kept confidential and will not be divulged to the public. This project, called the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan, lies in Township 12 South, Range 4 West as shown on the USGS Encinitas topographic quadrangle. A copy of the appropriate section of the USGS Encinitas 7.5-minute topographic quadrangle is provided with the project location depicted thereon. If we do not receive a response within ten days of the date of the letter, BFSA will assume that you are unaware of any Native American Sacred Lands at the above-mentioned property. Sincerely, Larry J. Pierson, RPA Senior Archaeologist and Historian Attachments: USGS Encinitas topographic quadrangle with the project delineated thereon. June 1, 2006 Larry J. Pierson, RP A Senior Archaeologist and Historian Brian F. Smith & Associates 14010 Poway Rd., Ste. A Poway, CA 92064 Re: Information regarding Native American Sacred Lands on or near the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project Dear Mr. Pierson: This letter is in response to your request for Native American consultation on the above referenced project. We respond to these requests on behalf of Robert Smith, Chairman of the Pala Band of Mission Indians. Because this project takes place outside the traditional areas of residence of the people of Pala, we have a low level of concern regarding possible areas of cultural sensitivity. However, this should not be construed as indicating that no cultural resources or traditional cultural properties are present in this location. Areas of significance may be identified by other concerned bands, or revealed in the course of project construction. The Pala Band of Mission Indians stands behind any assertions made by other bands that there are significant resources within the project area, should such assertions be made. Furthermore, we feel that any project of this size would benefit from the presence of Native American monitors during any ground-disturbing activities. We appreciate being made aware of this project and having the opportunity to comment. ~: Shasta C. Gaughen, MA, ABO Assistant Director 3500 8 Pala Temecula Road PMB 445 Pala. CA 92059 760-742-1590 [phont:J 760-742-4543 [fax] IPAI ,i11C'f1 L i. a~'i-=''\H / 1·1 ~)II l'f"l•:lll ~ :_ .••• l \ ,._-::- 11,.11,.:,,,_, l -:= ih1'1i.l •.Jitll I .•• 1 ~ .,.. • ...,. - SAN PASQUA L R ESERVATION July 10, 2006 Larry J. Pierson, RP A Brian F. Smith & Associates 14010 Poway Road, Suite A Poway, CA 92064 Re: Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan Project Dear Mr. Pierson: In regards to your letter dated May 23, 2006, please be advised that the San Pasqual Band of Mission Indians considers this area Kumeyaay ancestral territory. As such, we are the most northwest Kumeyaay tribe and as always we are concerned with the disturbance of remaining cultural properties. At this time we do not know of any sacred or sensitive sites at the proposed project site. Should you discover any funerary items or cultural remains please inform our office, as they may include our ancestors. Sincerely, ~i,~ David Toler Councilman Po. Box 365 27458 N . LAKE WOH i FORD RD., VALLEY CENTER. CA 92082 PH/"'1"11'' 7nn-7.aq ~?()() FAX 7fi0 749-3876 WWW.SANPASQUALINDIANS ORG