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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2018-06-12; City Council; ; Microgrid Feasibility Study for the Carlsbad Public Safety and Service Center complex~ CITY COUNCIL ~ Staff Report Meeting Date: To: From: Staff Contact: June 12, 2018 Mayor and City Council Kevin Crawford, City Manager Michael Grim, Sr. Program Manager mike.grim@carlsbadca.gov or 760-602-4623 CA Review ffs Subject: Microgrid Feasibility Study for the Carlsbad Public Safety and Service Center complex. Recommended Action Receive the presentation of an Integrated Demand Side Management Microgrid Feasibility Study for the Carlsbad Public Safety and Service Center complex. Executive Summary Through the SAN DAG Energy Roadmap program services, the city received a feasibility study for an Integrated Demand Side Management (IDSM) microgrid at the Public Safety and Service Center complex. The SAN DAG energy engineering consultant, TRC Solutions, will present an overview of the study. Discussion The city is participating in the SAN DAG Energy Roadmap program, which provides no-cost energy assessments and energy management plans to SAN DAG member agencies through their Local Government Partnership with SDG&E. The plans include recommendations in areas such as energy efficiency, greening the city fleet, promoting employee commute options, marketing energy programs and supporting green jobs. The city received its energy management plan in October 2014, which was accepted by City Council by adopting Resolution No. 2015-091. After completing the plan, SAN DAG continues to assist municipalities by identifying projects and/or programs to implement the plan's recommendations and reduce energy use. The reduction of energy use in municipal operations and in the community is key to reaching the city's Climate Action Plan (CAP) greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. While exploring innovative ways to increase energy efficiency, and provide renewable energy and electric vehicle charging stations at city facilities, staff researched microgrids and how a microgrid with a heavy focus on IDSM at the Public Safety and Service Center complex could serve those CAP goals. It could also provide resiliency and reliability for critical city services during emergencies and/or electrical grid failures. Staff requested that SAN DAG add an IDSM- focused microgrid at the city's Public Safety and Service Center complex to the Carlsbad Energy Roadmap program. June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 1 of 38 On Oct. 17, 2017, City Council approved Resolution No. 2017-199 authorizing the Public Safety and Service Center complex to be a demonstration site for a California Energy Commission grant funding opportunity for deployment of advanced microgrids; however, the grant was not awarded for this project. TRC Solutions completed the I DSM-focused Microgrid Feasibility Study on March 13, 2018, and will present an overview of the findings to the City Council. Fiscal Analysis The Microgrid Feasibility Study was funded through the SAN DAG Energy Roadmap program. Staff time for project management was funded through the Operating Budget. Next Steps The Microgrid Feasibility Study is being presented to City Council as an informational item. Staff will continue to research grant opportunities to fund a microgrid at this site unless directed otherwise by City Council. Environmental Evaluation (CEQA) Pursuant to Public Resources Code Section 21065, receiving a presentation on the Microgrid Feasibility Study does not constitute a "project" within the meaning of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) in that it has no potential to cause either a direct physical change in the environment, or a reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment, and therefore does not require environmental review. Public Notification This item was noticed in accordance with the Ralph M. Brown Act and was available for public viewing and review at least 72 hours prior to the scheduled meeting date. Exhibits 1. Integrated Demand Side Management (IDSM)-Focused Microgrid Feasibility Study Fact Sheet -City of Carlsbad Public Safety and Service Complex, dated June 12, 2018. 2. Integrated Demand Side Management (IDSM)-Focused Microgrid Feasibility Study Report and Appendices -City of Carlsbad Public Safety and Service Complex, dated June 12, 2018 (on file with the Environmental Management Division). June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 2 of 38 {"city of Carlsbad Benefits Lifetime1 Project Benefits that CESAM would Provide to the City of Carlsbad and its Local Community Lower Costs: Save $16,847,867 in reduced energy and Environmental Benefits: Reduce GHG emissions by 8,601 Equivalent Metric operational costs. Tons of CO2. Greater Reliability: Improve grid reliability by regulating Increase Safety: Provide the required islanding capability (of indefinite the load with grid-connected battery during load swings duration) to CESAM necessary to support local citizens in emergency and microgrid reliability by sequentially triggering three situations through evacuation assistance, emergency shelter, food, and lines of defense in island operation mode. supplies. Public Health: Reduce air emissions by 92 tons and the Economic Development: The DOE estimates that the US spends more than potential public health risks associated with them. Reduce $26 billion annually on outages of more than five minutes. Responding with electrical, fire, and explosion operational hazards related uninterrupted services will allow the business community continue to using diesel fuels. operations with minimal impact to the local economy. Consumer Appeal: Best practices and lessons learned for Energy Security: Provide cybersecurity and resilience using and advanced municipalities and local communities to increase microgrid controller with a cutting-edge defense-in-depth based on four understanding and benefits of advanced microgrids. layers of defense. The implementation of CESAM would also represent of the City of Carlsbad's commitment to the State's far-reaching environmental and energy goals by demonstrating how a microgrid can be designed and implemented as an energy assurance solution; leveraging a multi- tiered energy generation system and battery storage in conjunction with advanced controls and load management strategies. The project will provide an example to municipalities and public agencies within San Diego and Orange Counties, as well as throughout the State. CESAM Impact to California's 2030 Environmental and Energy Goals (SB-3SO Clean Energy and Pollution Reduction Act of 2015) Use Renewable Resources For Half of the State's Electricity: 61% of the energy delivered to the load of CESAM will originate from renewable power sources. Cutting Petroleum Use in Half and Develop Cleaner Heating Fuels: With the 1st and 2nd lines of defense, CESAM will rarely have to rely on diesel during an emergency. Moreover, the City's diesel fleet will all be powered by 99% renewable biodiesel and electricity. Doubling Energy Savings in Existing Buildings: The implementation of EE measures will reduce the energy consumption and peak load of the complex by 17% and 10%, respectively. Reducing GHG emissions to 40% below 1990 levels: CESAM will reduce its annual GHG emissions by 57% and its air emissions by 50%. Cost As originally conceived, with the implementation of the EE measures, DR strategies, the BESS, and solar PV, the benefits would exceed the cost of the CESAM project by 27% over the assumed project lifetime of 20 years. The project payback period would be estimated at 15.1 years. The total cost of the project would be approximately $6,698,3592 and the project's lifetime savings would be $9,568,789. However, there are alternatives available to the City that included modifications to the design, project phasing, and attractive project financing, such as 10-year solar Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs), which could significantly improve the potential project payback calculations. I Task Description Labor Trave l Material Equipment TOTAL Cost 1 General Project Tasks: $177,551 $2,100 $0 $0 $179,651 Management of project team and deliverables 2 Microgrid Design and Engineerin~: $686,900 $1,600 $0 $0 $688,500 Site assessment, design and engineering. 3 Technology Procurement and Construction: $1,299,769 $800 $1,061,380 $3,315,100 $5,677,049 Construction and DERs installation 4 Project Testing and Commissioning: $102,459 $1,200 $39,500 $10,000 $153,159 Configuration, testing, and com.missioning Total I DSM-Focused CESAM project cost I $2,266,679 $5,700 ; $1,100,880 I $3,325,100 i $6,698,359 I I I I I 1 Project lifetime for building energy efficiency measures is assumed to be 15 yea rs as recommended by the CEC guidelines ·for Codes and Sta ndards Enhancement (CASE) proposals. It has been assumed a lifetime of 20 years for the microgrid. 2 Th e interconnection costs of the project, which are not included in the values shown above, are estimated to range between $100,000 and $300,000. Prepared by: TRC Solutions, Inc. (Ramon YII-Prous & Katie P. Wilson); Phone: (949) 727-7312 I Emi;iil: ryllprous@trcsolutions.com June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 4 of 38 {city of Carlsbad This program is funded by California utility customers and administered by San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) Company under the auspices of the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC). The calculations provided herein are estimates only. San Diego Association of_Governments (SAN DAG) and SDG&E make no warranty, expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, any warranty of merchantability or fitness for any particular use or application. SAN DAG and SDG&E recommend that you consult licensed contractors to verify your particular circumstance and advise you of the expected savings prior to any work. SDG&E's incentive programs are offered on a first-come, first-served basis and are effective until funding is expended or the program is discontinued by the CPUC. ii June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 6 of 38 Table of Contents (city of Carlsbad 1 Executive Summary ..................................................... : ...................................... 1 2 Goals and Objectives .......................................................................................... 3 3 Site Assessment ................................................................................... : ............. 5 3.1 Facilities Description ........................................................................................................................ 5 3.2 Natural Hazards More Likely to Occur in the !DSM-focused Microgrid Location ........................... 7 3.3 Current Energy Use Summary ......................................................................................................... 8 4 Proposed Energy Efficiency Measures ............................................................... 9 4.1 Proposed Lighting Energy Efficiency Measures ............................................................................. 10 4.2 Proposed Mechanical Energy Efficiency Measures ....................................................................... 14 5 Description of the I DSM-Focused Microgrid Capabilities ................................ 17 5.1 Selection of Distributed Energy Resources .................................................................... .' .............. 17 6 I DSM-Focused Microgrid Operations, Communications, and Controls ............ 21 7 !DSM-Focused Microgrid Benefits .................................................................... 23 7.1 Energy Savings ............................................................................................................................... 23 7.2 Benefits to Ratepayers ........................... : ....................................................................................... 25 8 Economic Analysis of the !DSM-Focused Microgrid ......................................... 27 8.1 Project Cost ....................................................................................................................... : ............ 27 8.2 Benefit-Cost Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 27 iii June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 7 of 38 Table of figures {city of Carlsbad Figure 1: CESAM Loads Location (aerial view obtained from Google Maps) .................................................. 5 Figure 2: Safety Center ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 3: Safety Center Entrance Sign ............................................................................................................. 5 Figure 4: Safety Training Center Main Building ............................................................................................... 6 Figure 5: Firefighters Training at STC. .................................................................. , ........................................... 6 Figure 6: Carlsbad's SWAT Team Training at STC ............................................................................................ 6 Figure 7: Firefighters Training at STC Roof ...................................................................................................... 6 Figure 8: Fleet Maintenance Center ................................................................................................................ 6 Figure 9: Fleet Maintenance Center Car Shop ................................................................................................ 6 Figure 10: Fire Station 5 ................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 11: Carlsbad Firefighter's Engine at FS5 ............................................................................................... 7 Figure 12: Future Orion Center Location ......................................................................................................... 7 Figure 13: Future Orion Center Location ......................................................................................................... 7 Figure 14: Carlsbad's Fire Hazard Map (California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, CAL FIRE). 8 Figure 15: San Diego County Shakeout Area Map (Earthquake Country Alliance & California Emergency Management Agency) ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 16: Tsunami Inundation Map for Emergency Planning (Department of Conservation, State of California) ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 17: Safety Center Building (source: Google Maps) .................................................................... -........ 14 Figure 18: Safety Center HVAC eQuest Model Developed .. , ......................................................................... 14 Figure 19: Safety Training Center Main Building (source: Google Maps) ..................................................... 14 Figure 20: Safety Training Center HVAC eQuest Model Developed ............................................................. 14 Figure 21: CESAM Architecture (background image obtained from Google Maps) ..................... , ............... 20 Figure 22: FY 2016 Cyberattacks by Sector (290 total) ................................................................................. 21 Figure 23: I DSM-Focused Microgrid Controller Cybersecurity Layers (source: IPERC) ................................ 21 Figure 24: BESS NPV Benefit-Cost Chart Indexed by Pro Forma Categories (source: StorageVET™) .......... 25 Figure 25: CESAM Cash Flow ......................................................................................................................... 28 Table of Tables Table 1: EEM Energetic and Financial Analysis ·······························································::······························· 9 Table 2: EEM-1 Energy and Cost Summary ................................................................................................... 11 Table 3: EEM-2 Energy and Cost Summary ................................................................................................... 11 Table 4: EEM-3 Energy and Cost Summary ................................................................................................... 12 Table 5: EEM-4 Energy and Cost Summary ................................................................................................... 12 Table 6: EEM-5 Energy and Cost Summary ................................................................................................... 13 Table 7: EEM-6 Energy and Cost Summary ................................................................................................... 13 Table 8: EEM-7 Energy and Cost Summary ................................................................................................... 15 Table 9: EEM-8 Energy and Cost Summary ..................... : ............................................................................. 15 Table 10: EEM-9 Energy and Cost Summary ................................................................................................. 16 Table 11: CESAM Total Annual Savings .......................................................................................................... 23 iv June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 8 of 38 (city of Carlsbad Table 12: Diesel Reduction Annual Savings ................................................................................................... 24 Table 13: Solar PV and BESS Annual Savings ................................................................................................. 24 Table 14: BESS Valuation Results (StorageVET™) ......................................................................................... 24 Table 15: CESAM Project Lifetime Savings .................................................................................................... 25 Table 16: CESAM Project Implementation Costs & Tasks ............................................................................. 27 Table 17: CESAM Revenue Streams ............................................................................................................... 28 Table 18: Benefit-Cost Analysis Summary of the I DSM-Focused Microgrid ................................................. 28 Terms and Acronyms Description AHU: Air Handler Unit(s) ATO: Authority To Operate ' BESS: Battery Energy Storage System BMS: Building Management System CAL FIRE: California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection CASE: Codes And Standards Enhancement CEC: California Energy Commission CESAM: Carlsbad Emergency Services Advanced Microgrid CFL: Compact Fluorescent Lamp CO2: Carbon Dioxide CPUC: California Public Utilities Commission DCV: Demand Control Ventilation DEER: Database of Energy Efficiency Resources DER: Distributed Energy Resources DLC: Design Lights Consortium DOE: Department of Energy DR: Demand Response EE: Energy Efficiency EEM: Energy Efficiency Measure(s) EPIC: Electric Program Investment Charge ES: Energy Star EV: Electric Vehicle(s) FEMA: Federal Energy Management Program FMC: Fleet Maintenance Center V June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 9 of 38 FSS: Fire Station #5 GHG: Greenhouse Gas(es) HID: High-Intensity Discharge HOMER: Hybrid Optimization Models for Energy Resources HP: Horsepower HVAC: Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning IDSM: Integrated Demand Side Management J IEEE: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers , IOU: Investor Owned Utility IPMVP: ~ International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol KW: Kilowatt · KWh: Kilowatt-hour LED: Light-Emitting Diode M&V: Measurement and Verification MBH: Thousand BTU (British Thermal Unit) per hour MW: Megawatt MWh: Megawatt-hour NG: Natural Gas NOx: Nitrogen Oxides NPV: Net Present Value O&M: Operations & Maintenance OC: Orion Center PLS: Permanent Load Shifting PPP: Public Purpose Program PV: Photovoltaic RTU: Rooftop Package Unit(s) SC: Safety Center SDG&E: San Diego Gas & Electric 502: Sulfur Dioxide -sTC: Safety Training Center USGS: · United States Geological Survey vi C cityof Carlsbad June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 10 of 38 1 Executive Summary {"city of Carlsbad The City of Carlsbad is a coastal city located in north San Diego County. Due to its location, it is susceptible to the effects of environmental hazards such as wildfires, earthquakes, and tsunamis. As such, associated electrical outages are of concern to the City's emergency response services. Presently, the City relies on emergency backup diesel generators to power three of the City's five critical emergency response facilities located on a 20-acre campus named Public Safety and Service Complex. The complex includes, among others, the City's Fire and Police headquarters, the Emergency Operations Center, and the Safety Training Center, which is also identified as a regional field hospital in the event of a disaster. In addition to providing security for the continuity of operations, the purpose of an Integrated Demand Side Management (IDSM)-Focused Carlsbad Emergency Services Advanced Microgrid (CESAM, !DSM-Focused Microgrid, or Microgrid) Feasibility Study is identify ways to save energy, provide support for resiliency in the event of grid outages, and achieve City and state climate action planning goals with the ongoing reduction of · greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To achieve this, CESAM, which would be subject to change frcim secondary to primary metering, would include the following new distributed energy resources (DER) (i) Energy Efficiency (EE) Strategies (ii) Demand Response (DR) Strategies (iii) 1 Megawatt (MW)/1 Megawatt/hour (MWh) Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) (iv) 850 Kilowatt (KW) Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic (PV) (v) Ten Dual Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Stations (vi) 200 KW Natural Gas (NG) Generator The proposed I DSM-Focused Microgrid would be designed with three lines of defense in order to increase the reliability, resilience, and renewable energy penetration of the system, which would be of 61% when CESAM operates in grid-parallel mode and of 100% (almost always) when it operates islanded from the utility-grid. In an outage, the microgrid controller would shed the EV charging stations load and trigger each of these lines of defense sequentially, based on the duration of the outage experienced. The first line of defense would allow the I DSM-Focused Microgrid to operate in island mode for up to 12 hours using only renewable energy. The average campus power outage, including major events, is 2.7 hours; CESAM could rely on this first line of defense in most emergencies (i.e., when the grid goes down). The second line of defense (i.e., solar PV, BESS, small NG generator) would allow the critical system to continuously operate for up to 10 days islanded from the grid in case the emergency lasts longer. Finally, the !DSM-Focused Mirn;:igrid would reuse the three existing generators for emergencies that last more than 10 days to provide backup during outages as a tertiary generation asset. Furthermore, CESAM would not only be able to island in case of an outage, but also whenever a demand response event is required and called by SDG&E so as to reduce the overall grid load. Refer to Figure 21 for more information. 1 June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 11 of 38 ("city of Carlsbad CESAM's design would allow the GHG and air emissions1 to be reduced by 57% and 51%, respectively. The proposed energy efficiency measures would reduce energy use by 397 MWh (18%) and the overall IDSM- Focused Microgrid load by 39 KW (9%). Overall, with the implementation of the EE measures, DR strategies, the BESS, and solar PV, the benefits would exceed the cost of the CESAM project by 27% over the assumed project lifetime of 20 years. The total cost of the project would be approximately $6,698,359 and the project's lifetime savings would be $9,568,789. 1 Sulfur dioxide {S02) and nitrogen oxides {NOx) 2 June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 12 of 38 2 Goals and Objectives ( City of Carlsbad The proposed I DSM-Focused Microgrid would provide renewable energy to the City of Carlsbad's campus of critical facilities while achieving the following goals and objectives: • Improve Energy Resiliency: Improve City of 'Carlsbad's capacity to operate during utility grid outages and support its critical first responder functions. • Improve Cybersecurity: Demonstrate technology with the ability to prevent unauthenticated access to the system by obtaining the authority to operate (ATO). • Reduce Environmental Impact: Potentially decrease GHG and air emissions by reducing demand and replacing fossil fuel powered backup energy with clean renewable power. • Improve Economic Impact: Reduce costs associated with energy consumption, operations & maintenance (O&M) of backup power generation, and control and manage loads to reduce the overall grid (i.e., SDG&E's grid) load. • Support Clean Energy Market Transformation: Demonstrate an effective, cybersecure, and clean I DSM- Focused Microgrid design that is scalable across local governments, counties, regional agencies (such as CAL FIRE, and transportation, water and wastewater agencies). CESAM would also be an excellent expression of the City of Carlsbad's commitment to the following climate and energy goals that the California Energy Commission (CEC) set for the State of California2: • Use Renewable Resources for Half of the State's Electricity by 2030: 61% of the energy delivered to the load of CESAM would originate from renewable power sources3. A Li-Ion Battery Energy Storage System would be used to store as much of the excess solar power as possible. The remaining energy would be sold through Net Metering to SDG&E according to the CPUC Rule 21 Interconnection. • Cutting Petroleum Use in Half & Develop Cleaner Heating Fuels by 2030: By integrating a large amount of new and existing solar generation, CESAM would reduce the amount of energy purchased from the grid and GHG and air emissions, all while increasing the operational security of the campus. • Doubling Energy Savings in Existing Buildings by 2030: As presented in Section 0, the implementation of the proposed energy efficiency measures would reduce substantially both the overall demand and energy usage of CESAM. • Reducing GHG Emissions to 40% Below 1990 Levels by 2030: Due to minimal use of the generators (which would only be used in outages twice as long as the average outage the City experiences) and the non-use of diesel for 20 cars of the City fleet, and as a result of the large amount of solar energy that CESAM would generate, the !DSM-Focused Microgrid's GHG contribution would be reduced by more than half. 2 Renewables resources for half of the state's electricity, California Energy Commission, 2015 3 A total of 45% of the energy delivered to the load of CESAM would originate from the proposed solar PV system. Moreover, the "2017 Renewable Energy -Overview" report presented by the California Energy Commission (http://www.energy.ca.gov/renewables/tracking_progress/documents/renewable.pdf) estimated that approximately 29% of California's electricity generation is currently obtained from renewables. 3 June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 13 of 38 (city of Carlsbad The CESAM project would contribute to all the above-mentioned energy goals by demonstrating how an !DSM-Focused Microgrid can be designed and .implemented as an energy assurance solution-utilizing a multi-tiered energy generation system and battery storage in conjunction with advanced controls, load management, and demand response strategies. The ability to operate the advanced microgrid in island mode during utility outage situations would enhance ehergy security and emergency response for both the City and the region. 4 June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 14 of 38 (city of Carlsbad 4 Proposed Energy Efficiency Measures Various Energy Efficiency Measures (EEM) have been identified during the site visits performed at the SC, STC, FMC, and FS5 facilities. Table 1 lists all of the measure savings identified (per site) with project implementation economics. The annual utility savings have been estimated using the blended electricity and gasiutility rates. Additional details on each measure are included in the EEM description sections below. -·----------------i On-Bill Savings i IOU Program Savings I I ~ Electric I Natural 'i I Electric Natural r= f I Proiect I Net Net I I Demand Gas Demand Gas Imp ementation , Imp ementatron Simple EE Measure : Facility I Qty Savmgs Reduction I Sav,ngs I Savings i Reduction I Savings Cost Savings Incentive Cost ! Cost ;Payback I I Electricity I Electnc1ty I Annual Utrlttv Potential Utility 1 • I 1 I (kWh/yr) i (kW) I (thm/yr) I (kWh/yr) ~I (thm/yr) ($/yr) I (SJ I (SJ I (SI i (yr) SC 21 2,881 0.30 -12.10 1,048 0.28 -4.41 573.08 147.00 2,725.17 $ 2,578.17 4.5 EEM-1: STC 114 19,590 2.10 -64.50 9,281 2.10 -26.62 3,830.94 798.00 15,237.24 14,439.24 3.8 LED CAN Commercial FS5 20 3,911 0.28 -33.29 0 0.00 0.00 $ 762.70 140.00 2,936.16 2,796.16 3.7 TOTAL 155 26,382 2.68 -109.89 10,329 2.38 -31.03 $ 5,166.73 $ 1,085.00 $ 20,898.57 $ 19,813.57 3.8 SC 42 28,402 0.00 0.00 28,402 0.00 0.00 5,574.99 1,637.00 23,131.67 $ 21,494.67 3.9 EEM-2: FMC 17 11,497 0.00 0.00 11,497 0.00 0.00 2,272.41 627.00 10,147.58 9,520.58 4.2 LED Exterior FSS 24 11,771 0.00 0.00 11,497 0.00 0.00 2,362.61 827.00 12,191.67 11,364.67 4.8 TOTAL 83 51,670 0.00 0.00 51,396 0.00 0.00 10,210.02 $ 3,091.00 $ 45,470.92 $ 42,379.92 4.2 SC 13 3,643 0.39 -15.31 1,466 0.38 -6.16 663.40 52.00 382.85 330.85 0.5 EEM-3: LEDA-lamp FSS 354 0.02 -3.72 0 0.00 0.00 66.69 8.00 148.52 140.52 2.1 TOTAL 15 3,997 0.41 -19.03 1,466 0.38 -6.16 730.09 $ 60.00 531.37 $ 471.37 0.6 FMC 35 8,750 1.84 0.00 5,367 1.84 0.00 1,854.99 1,225.00 13,999.61 12,774.61 6.9 EEM-4: LED High bay FSS 20 2,453 0.28 0.00 5,367 1.84 0.00 595.97 700.00 7,721.60 7,021.60 11.8 TOTAL 55 11,203 2.ll 0.00 10,734 3.68 0.00 2,450.96 $ 1,925.00 $ 21,721.21 $ 19,796.21 8.1 SC 497 135,849 20.93 -684.07 67,812 19.25 -349.27 27,177.35 12,425.00 136,226.51 123,801.51 4.6 ·STC 372 23,401 4.01 673.81 12,884 .. 3.94 -46.75 5,976.07 9,300.00 88,194.58 78,894.58 13.2 EEM-5: LED Troffers FMC 50 8,515 1.51 -10.80 5,221 1.51 -6.61 1,800.71 1,250.00 13,400.66 12,150.66 6.7 FSS 71 19,288 1.46 -202.51 5,221 1.51 -6.61 3,871.13 1,775.00 19,964.52 18,189.52 4.7 TOTAL 990 187,053 27.91 -223.57 91,138 26.21 -409.24 $ 38,825.27 $ 24,750.00 $ 257,786.27 $ 233,036.27 6.0 SC 316 37,644 5.80 -202.22 0 0.00 0.00 7,283.95 25,401.52 25,401.52 3.5 EEM-6: STC 46 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 LED Non- lncentivizable FMC 34 8,541 1.79 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1,775.05 11,883.40 11,883.40 6.7 Miscellaneous FSS 98 11,315 1.06 -32.26 0 0.00 0.00 2,328.63 14,596.30 14,596.30 6.3 TOTAL 494 57,500 8.65 -234.48 0 0.00 0.00 $ 11,387.62 $ 51,881.22 $ 51,881.22 4.6 EEM-7: SC N/A 15,293 -4.00 1,967.00 15,293 -4.00 1,967.00 3,376.50 1,223.44 10,000.00 8,776.56 2.6 AHU SAT Reset TOTAL N/A 15,293 -4.00 1,967.00 15,293 -4.00 1,967.00 $ 3,376.50 $ 1,223.44 $ 10,000.00 $ 8,776.56 2.6 EEM-8: SC N/A 0 0.00 4,793.00 0 0.00 767.00 1,519.91 300.00 37,529.08 37,229.08 24.5 Replace Boiler TOTAL N/A 0 0.00 4,793.00 0 0.00 767.00 $ 1,519.91 $ 300.00 $ 37,529.08 $ 37,229.08 24.5 SC N/A 27,556 2.00 28.00 27,556 2.00 28.00 4,968.96 4,133.40 20,000.00 15,866.60 3.2 EEM-9: RTU STC N/A 16,065 -1.00 -47.00 16,065 -1.00 -47.00 2,876.80 2,409.75 50,000.00 47,590.25 . 16.5 Controller TOTAL N/A 43,621 1.00 -19.00 43,621 1.00 -19.00 $ 7,845.75 $ 6,543.15 $ 70,000.00 $ 63,456.85 8.1 TOTAL 1,792 396,719 38.77 6,154.03 223',977 29.65 2,268.57 $ 81,512.85 $ 38,977,59 $ 515,Bla.54 $ 476,841.05 5.8 Table 1: EEM Energetic and Financial Analysis 9 June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 19 of 38 4.1 Proposed Lighting Energy Efficiency Measures C cityof Carlsbad The lighting measures identified have been analyzed using a customized spreadsheet, which accounts for both, On-bill savings and the Investor Owned Utility (IOU) program savings, of each of the measures. On- bill savings are based on the actual annual operating hours of the fixtures. The exterior luminaires of all the facilities operate from dusk to dawn (i.e., 4,100 hours per year), with the help of a photocell4. The operating hours of the interior fixtures are presented in the Appendices. The IOU program savings are based on the applicable statewide workpapers5. It is proposed to replace and retrofit the existing fixtures and lamps with new LED fixtures, LED retrofit kits, and LED lamps that feature equivalent or greater lighting, thus maintaining or improving lighting levels while reducing energy consumption byJoughly 60%. LED retrofit kits are a cost-effective conversion that eliminate the need for a full fixture replacement. The proposed LED equipment offers truer color rendering valLJes than conventional area lighting methods, which is useful for nighttime visibility and security. LED lights also reduce maintenance costs associated with bulb replacement due to their significantly longer lifespans. This is especially true for elevated lights which require extra time to replace. These lights convert energy into light at a greater efficiency, they also emit less waste heat into building interiors, reducing cooling loads. The proposed equipment is found on the Design Lights Consortium {DLC)6 and Energy Star {ES)7 Qualified Product Lists, meaning that it meets premium quality standards and qualifies for SDG&E lighting upgrade incentives8 (when applicable). In some cases, implementing a measure would trigger the 2016 Title 24 California Building Standards Code (Title 24)9, thus requiring additional Title 24 compliant controls. It is proposed that the luminaires and areas which trigger Title 24 feature occupancy based dimming controls that reduce light levels when the space is ( unoccupied. Refer to the Appendices for details on the existing and proposed equipment quantities and facility location. 4 Device that, dependent on the degree of illumination, generates an electric current that determines when the lights are turned on or off. 5 CPUC, Datab1se of Energy Efficiency Resources {DEER) Workpapers. Available at: http://deeresources.net/workpapers 6 DLC, "Qualified Products List", December 2017. Available on: https://www.designlights.org/search/ 7 EnergyStar, "Qualified Products List", December 2017. Available on: https://www.energystar.gov/productfinder/ 8 SDG&E, "Business Energy Efficiency Rebate Program". Available at: https://www.sdge.com/rebates-finder/2017-energy-efficiency-rebate- program 9 CEC, "Building Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings", Title 24, part 6, and associated administrative regulations in part 1. 2016. Available at: http://www.energy.ca.gov/2015pub1ications/CEC-400-2015-037 /CEC-400-2015-037-CMF.pdf 10 June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 20 of 38 ("'city of Carlsbad 4.1.5 EEM 5-Retrofit Existing Fluorescent Troffers with New Equivalent LED Retrofit Kits On-Bill Savings ~U Program Savings i Elecmc ~Natural I ~lectrtc !Natura! I [ 1 1 ProJect Eleclnc1ty I Demand Gas Elecmc1tv Demand I Gas I Annual Ut1l1ty I Potential Utility lmplementation EE Measure Facihty Qty Savings I Savings I Cost Savings Incentive I Redurnon Savings Reduction Savings I I Cost Net Implementation Cost Net Simple Payback r----(S-1 --rc;i-(kWh/yr) I (kW) ~r) [ (kWh/yr) I (kW) ~! ($/yr) j (SJ . I (SJ SC 497 13S,849 20.93 -684.07 67,812 19.25 -349.27 27,177.35 12,425.00 136,226.51 $ 123,801.51 4.6 STC 372 23,401 4.01 673.81 12,884 3.94 -46.75 5,976.07 9,300.00 88,194.58 78,894.58 13.2 EEM-5: LED Troffers FMC 50 8,515 1.51 -10.80 5,221 1.51 -6.61 1,800.71 1,250.00 13,400.66 12,150.66 6.7 FS5 71 19,288 1.46 -202.51 5,221 1.51 -6.61 3,871.13 1,775.00 $ 19,964.52 $ 18,189.52 4.7 TOTAL 990 187,053 27.91 -223.57 91,138 26.21 -409.24 $ 38,825.27 24,750.00 $ 257,786.27 $ 233,036.27 6.0 Table 6: EEM-5 Energy and Cost Summary This measure accounts for the retrofit of (990) fluorescent recessed and surface mounted trotters with new LED retrofit kits. The fixture codes included under this measure are shown below and are described in the Appendices. This measure is currently eligible for incentives under SDG&E midstream incentive type "LED A-lamp"14. --~---------------------------------------- F22RT-2x2 F22SM-1x2 F41SM-1x4 EEM-5 -Applicable Fixture Codes F42RT-1x4 F42RT-2x4 F42SM-1x4 F42SM-1x4-WL F42SM-2x4 F42SM-VP-1x4 F43RT-2x4 F44RT-2x4 4.1.6 EEM 6 -Replace and Retrofit Existing Fixtures and Lamps that Are not Eligible for Incentives with New Equivalent LED Fixtures, Retrofit Kits, and Lamps _______ ' __ On-Billsavlngs ___ -1----JOUProgramSavings. __ _ ____ ------------___________ _ F i Electricity I Electric I Nacural ~lectnc,ty I Electric I Natural r Annual Ut,lltv Potential Utility r Project F Net r Net I Demand Gas I Demand I Gas . , Implementation Implementation Simple asure Facility Qty Savings d Savings Cost Savmgs Incentive I 1 Re uct1on Savings Reduction Savings Cost Cost Payback : : (kWh/yr) I (kW) I (lhm/yr) r (kWh/yr) I (kW) (thm/yr) [($!yr) I (SJ I (SJ I ($) -[(yr) SC 316 37,644 5.80 -202.22 0 0.00 0.00 7,283.95 25,401.52 25,401.52 3.5 EEM-6: STC 46 0 0.00 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 0.0 LED Non- lncentivizab[e FMC 34 8,541 1.79 0.00 0 0.00 0.00 1,775.05 11,883.40 11,883.40 6.7 Miscellaneous FS5 98 11,315 1.06 ·32.26 0 0.00 0.00 $ 2,328.63 $ 14,596.30 14,596.30 6.3 TOTAL 494 57,500 8.65 -234.48 o 0.00 0.00 $ 11,387.62 $ $ 51,881.22 $ 51,881.22 4.6 Table 7: EEM-6 Energy and Cost Summary This measure accounts for the replacement and retrofit of (418) fluorescent, halogen, and HID fixtures and lamps with new equivalent LED luminaires, LED retrofit kits, and LED lamps. The measure, for inventory purposes, also includes the (76) LED fixtures that are already in place in the facilities, such as the STC parking luminaires. No changes are proposed for these existing LED fixtures and lamps. rhe fixture codes included under this measure are shown below and are described in the Appendices. This measure is not eligible for incentives. 14 SDG&E, "SDG&E's Business Energy Solutions Program". Available at: https://www.sdge.com/busines5/sdge5-business-energy-so1utions-program 13 June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 23 of 38 5 Description of the I DSM-Focused Microgrid Capabilities {"city of Carlsbad A total Joss of power at the Carlsbad Public Safety and Service Complex could be dangerous for the whole City. In case of an emergency it is key that these critical facilities stay powered so that the citizens of the City of Carlsbad receive the help they may need. This requirement, added to the City's desire to use cleaner, safer, and more reliable power for their critical facilities within the 20-acre emergency services complex, increases the need of implementing the I DSM-Focused Microgrid presented in this study. The City of Carlsbad, like the majority of other government agencies when providing critical services, currently relies heavily on diesel power generation as a backup energy source to power critical emergency response functions, which are increasingly jeopardized by major power outages. Advances in Distributed Energy Resources (DER) have expanded the options for backup and emergency power generation. The capabilities and costs of renewable distributed generation technologies, combined with electricity storage and microgrid enabling technologies, are becoming attractive to agencies focused on resiliency. These technologies are potentially more flexible and less expensive than traditional diesel backup solutions and mitigate the environmental impacts of diesel generation. Volatile weather and natural disasters may cause long-term power outages of hours, days, and weeks. These outages cost millions of dollars and put lives at risk. By deploying clean distributed generation technologies, the City is bolstering energy security and resiliency at essential facilities, as well as avoiding costly, life threatening, and critical interruptions during local and regional disasters. 5.1 Selection of Distributed Energy Resources A thorough technical and economic analysis to select the CESAM DER has been performed. The DER, in coordination with the utility grid (i.e., SDG&E), would ensure that the !DSM-Focused Microgrid stays operational at all times. Selecting the DER took into account the possible natural hazards described in Section 3.2 that may occur in close proximity to the CESAM . Section 5.1.1 presents the DER that have been analyzed but that have finally not been selected to be part of CESAM. Section 5.1.2 describes the DER that have been selected to be part of the proposed I DSM-Focused Microgrid, as well as the role they would play in it. 5.1.1 DER Analyzed but not Selected to Be Part of the I DSM-Focused Microgrid • Fuel Cells: Fuel cells (fueled by either natural gas or hydrogen) are more efficient than diesel or gas engines and low emission levels. Hydrogen fuel cells, for example, can eliminate pollution caused by burning fossil fuels because the only by-product at point of use for a hydrogen fuel cell is water. If the hydrogen used comes from the electrolysis of water driven by renewable energy, then using fuel cells eliminates GHG emissions entirely. Higher temperature fuel cells produce high-grade process heat along with electricity and are well suited for cogeneration applications. Conversely, due to their mechanical limitations (mostly related to fuel delivery) fuel cells are slow to adjust to sudden increases in power demands, which can result in unacceptable temporary power shortfalls. A fuel cell can have better pay back than a generator if there is a big thermal load in place, which is not the case of CESAM. 17 June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 27 of 38 {'city of Carlsbad • Wind Power: According to the most recent numbers compiled by the CEC, wind accounts for 36% of generation from renewable facilities (the most in the state, edging out solar)18; however, the HOMER Pro analysis results show that wind resources in the City of Carlsbad are not sufficient enough for wind turbines. Wind data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) built-in in HOMER Pro has been used to analyze this scenario. • Biodiesel Backup Generators: Biodiesel is simple to use, biodegradable, nontoxic, and essentially free of sulfur and aromatics. It's safer to handle and has virtually the same energy efficiency as petroleum diesel. In addition, it has lubricity benefits that fossil fuels do not. However, B100 (100% renewable biodiesel) gets slushy at temperatures under 32°F. In other words, it has a higher gel point that could compromise its use in winter. The option of using the biodiesel generator would be too expensive and not reliable enough to implement. • Biagas Backup Generators: Biagas is a renewable and clean source of energy. Gas generated through biodigestion is non~polluting. This process results in no combustion, resulting in no GHG emissions being released into the atmosphere; using landfill gas as a form of energy production could be considered a means to combat climate change. The City of Carlsbad generates biogas in its Encina Waste Water Treatment Plant but all of the gas is used on-site to generate power for the plant. Even though using a biogas generator would be a great way to both reduce GHG emissions and use a 100% renewable generation source, the biogas could not be procured by the City. Therefore, this DER is infeasible to implement. 5.1.2 DER Analyzed and Selected to be Part of the I DSM-Focused Microgrid To increase the reliability and resilience of both the system and the overall grid, the !DSM-Focused Microgrid has been designed to have three different lines of defense. In case of an emergency, these lines of defense would be triggered sequentially based on the duration of the outage experienced. This section introduces the DER that would be included as part of the I DSM-Focused Microgrid, as well as when they would be enlisted. • Demand Response: The proposed advanced microgrid controller, in coordination with the other proposed CESAM DER explained below, would allow the City to play a significant role in the operation of the electric grid by reducing or shifting the Public Safety and Service Complex electricity usage during peak periods. In other words, the !DSM-Focused Microgrid would be a resource that SDG&E could have for balancing the overall grid's supply and demand. When needed, a demand response event could be triggered through the controller and CESAM would operate as if an outage or emergency had occurred by activating its three lines of defense seq_uentially. • Battery Energy Storage System (BESS): A 1 MW/1 MWh battery energy storage system with grid forming capabilities would be installed at the STC. The BESS, in coordination with the solar PV, would form the first line of CESAM's defense. This first line of defense would allow the advanced Microgrid to island for an average of seven hours on a fully charged battery in the absence of solar PV production. The 18 CEC, "Renewable Energy-Overview," 2017. Available at: http://www.energy.ca.gov/renewables/tracking_progress/documents/renewable.pdf 18 June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 28 of 38 {city of Carlsbad Microgrid could be supported for up to 12 hours (and for a minimum of four hours) with solar PV and BESS combined. The average outage duration the City of Carlsbad has experienced over the last 10 years is 2.7 hours19. Therefore, CESAM would be capable of islanded operation using only (i.e., 100%) renewable energy in almost all emergency situations. • Solar PV Power: 850 KW solar PV would be installed at CESAM. This folar PV system, which as stated above would be part of the first line of defense, would be divided into 3 rooftop arrays located on the STC (existing), SC, and OC. • Vehicle-Grid-Integration (VGI): Ten dual EV charging stations would be installed at the OC. The City of Carlsbad currently maintains a fleet of more than 250 diesel vehicles at the FMC and uses 99% renewable biodiesel to fuel most of them. The addition of EVs would be an important contribution to the City's Energy Roadmap20 and Climate Action Plan21 goals for greening their fleet. The EV charging stations would be not powered in case of an emergency so as to reduce the overall CESAM load. · • Natural Gas Generator: The second line of defense would consist of adding a 200 KW natural gas generator to the solar PV system and BESS. By adding this small generator to the mix, CESAM would be able to operate during an emergency for up to 10 days islanded from the utility grid. • Emergency Backup Generators: CESAM would reuse the three existing standby generators for emergencies that last more than 10 days (on average) to provide backup during outages as a tertiary generation asset to the Microgrid. This third level of defense would ensure that, in the worst-case scenario, with just a small natural gas generator, low solar PV generation, and the existing emergency backup generators, the Microgrid load would be satisfied. Figure 21 graphically illustrates the connection of the CESAM loads and assets to the new nearest building- level low voltage switchgear. The proposed solution would be able to integrate future changes or expansion of the advanced Microgrid (e .g., additional buildings, additional generation assets, etc.). Each of these switchgears would be connected to a new medium voltage bus (through a medium voltage transformer) that would run parallel to the SDG&E underground distribution line currently feeding the emergency services facilities. Refer to the Appendices for more details. The main advantage of having a common bus to all loads is that, instead of having to meet six different peak loads, CESAM would only have to meet a total combined peak load, which would be smaller than the suml)1ation of these six individual peak loads. Additionally, the ability to share the DER among the loads in the Microgrid would allow for the use of a variety of DER, which due to obvious space constraints, could not be installed in certain areas. Connecting all the loads to the common feeder would solve this issue and enhance the I DSM-Focused Microgrid performance. 19 CPUC, "SDG&E's Electric System Reliability Annual Report", 2016. Available at: ftp://ftp.cpuc.ca.gov/ElecReliabilityAnnua1Reports/2016/SDGE_2016_Reliability_Annual_Report.pdf 20 SAN DAG, "City of Carlsbad Energy Roadmap," 2014. Available at: http://www.sandag.org/index.asp?projectid=373&fuseaction=projects.detail 21 City of Carlsbad, "Climate Action Plan", 2015. Available at: http://www.carlsbadca.gov/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?Blob1D=29361 19 June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 29 of 38 {city of Carlsbad Grid Parallel (Normal Operation) Mode: During normal operation, all of the isolation switches on the secondary distribution system would remain closed. The distribution would operate within the SDG&E system, as it presently does. CESAM would also be served by the solar PV and BESS. Island (Emergency Operation) Mode: If an unplanned loss of all utility power occurs due to transmission failure or other major event, or if SDG&E triggers a demand response event, CESAM operations would have the following resp~nses: • The microgrid isolation reclosers would immediately open to electrically isolate the Microgrid from the utility grid (SDG&E). • The BESS would switch from current source operation to becoming a grid forming voltage and frequency source and serve the loads of the Microgrid. • The EV charging station loads would be shed from the Microgrid. • After 5 minutes of stable Microgrid operation, the solar PV system would be permitted to start and would ramp up, at a rate not to exceed 10 kW/minute. The maximum PV output during islanded operation would be automatically limited to the BESS charging rate plus the Microgrid load. • If the BESS battery voltage fell to less than 90% of its normal voltage, or if the calculated battery ca pa city falls to less than 40% of full charge, the 200 KW natural gas generator (2nd line of defense) would start and synchronize with the bus. The generator would assume the Microgrid load and become the voltage and frequency reference for the solar PV system. • Once the Microgrid load has been transferred to the natural gas generator, the BESS inverter would switch to charging mode and would recharge the batteries. Charge rate should be set to limit the maximum load not exceed 90% of the combined generator rating (180 kW). • Only if the battery reaches 80% charge level would the BESS resume primary power and the natural gas generator would be shut down. • In case of an extended outage (i.e., if the BESS battery voltage falls again to less than 90% of its normal voltage, or if the calculated battery capacity falls again to less than 40 % of full charge), the existing backup generator automatic transfer switches (ATS) of the SC, FMC, and FSS buildings would switch and these buildings would start to run on their existing diesel generators of 300 KW, 40 KW, and 35 KW, respectively. The remaining CESAM loads would stay connected to the bus and continue to be served by the solar PV, BESS, and the natural gas generator. • Upon return of utility voltage and frequency, a five-minute delay would be initiated per IEEE- 154723. Following the delay, the Microgrid generation would adjust the bus voltage and frequency to synchronize with the utility, and the Microgrid isolation reclosers would close. The BESS would then switch from voltage and frequency mode to current source mode and function according to its time of day grid parallel operational expectations. 23 Standard of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) meantto provide a set of criteria and requirements for the interconnection of distributed generation resources into the power grid. 22 June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 32 of 38 {city of Carlsbad • Environmental Benefits: The Microgrid would enable the City of Carlsbad to meet all the electricity needs of the Public Safety and Service Complex by generating almost half of their own power when operating in grid-parallel mode and 100% of their power (all renewable) when islanded from the utility grid during an emergency or outage. • Economic Benefits: The Microgrid features with the largest economic benefits are the combination of DER integrated, the mixture of loads (i.e., critical or non-critical), and the capability of seamless transfer to island mode32 . CESAM's design characteristics would allow the desired automatic optimization of generation and load assets, combined with the incorporation of real-time metering and preplanned prioritizing of loads. If the third line of defense needed to be triggered during an emergency event, the most critical loads would be served, allowing the !DSM-Focused Microgrid to reduce its energy consumption and load demand, therefore decreasing the burden on the local distribution system and reducing costs. For a municipality reliant on public funds to support their operations, any cost savings to the City is a reduction to local taxpayers. Creating more resilient infrastructure at the Carlsbad Public Safety and Service Complex would result in a positive economic impact to the City. • Emergency Demand Response Benefits: The I DSM-Focused Microgrid would enhance the City's ability to provide continued support during natural disasters. In 2014, the Poinsettia Fire was the second most destructive wildfire in the region33. This fire caused property damage estimated at $22.5 million and one reported fatality. During the 2014 firestorm, this site served as the Regional Command Post for a multi-jurisdictional response. During this and similar emergencies, the City of Carlsbad supported local and regional citizens via evacuation assistance, provision of emergency lodging, and engineering support. CESAM would be able to operate islanded from the main grid for as long as necessary to provide local and regional public safety response se(vices. • Additional Local Community Support: In 2015, the CEC organized a public stakeholder survey with the purpose of gathering information about issues that could support further commercialization of microgrids and challenges the microgrid community encounters, with a specific focus on technology development, cost, codes, and standards34. One of the study conclusions was that ratepayers strongly want more information available on microgrids to help electric system operators, planners, and the public understand the value (tangible and intangible) microgrids provide. If the CESAM project is implemented, the lessons learned could be presented in conferences and workshops. 32 Asmus, P. (2012, July 26). Quantifying the Benefits of Microgrids. Retrieved from Navigant Research. Available at: https://www.navigantresearch.com/blog/quantifying-the-benefits-of-microgrids 33 "Poinsettia Fire", Wikipedia. Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poinsettia_Fire 34 California Energy Commission. (2015). Microgrid Asse;sment and Recommendation(s) to Guide Future Investments. Available at: http://www.energy.ca.gov/2015publications/CEC-500-2015-071/CEC-500-2015-071.pdf 26 June 12, 2018 Item #15 Page 36 of 38 Agenda item # 15, Microgrid Feasibility Study for Carlsbad Safety and Service Center Complex Mike Grim, CAP Administrator June 12, 2018 Climate Action Plan •Reduce GHG emissions from city operations –Increase energy efficiency in buildings –Provide more renewable energy –Provide electric vehicle charging stations Why Use a Microgrid? •Reliability and resiliency •Energy cost savings •Greenhouse gas emissions reductions Microgrid design Utility Grid Energy Generation Energy Usage Energy Storage Microgrid Feasibility Study •Study preparations began in February 2017 •Included multiple city divisions •Part of SANDAG Energy Roadmap services •Concurrent application for California Energy Commission grant opportunity •Study completed March 2018 Microgrid Capabilities JJ-1 line of defense om (up to 12 hours (minimum of 4 Murs) of J~andfng tapabll~y) 3ni. une of defense DEIR (indefinite l,tand!ng capability) Energy Efficiency Me11sure$ Proposed for the bun dins Building controlled by a, 8uilding Management System (8MS) Benefits and Costs * Renewables resources for half the state’s electricity, CEC, 2015 Improved Energy Resiliency & Reliability ~ Improved Cybersecuri'ty ~ Support Clean Energy Market Transformation ~ Show City's Commitment to the CEC* 2030 climate and energy goals ~ Additional Community & Societal Benefits Many project financing solutions ~ Many design alternatives to reduce cost Thank you