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2015-07-24; Planning Commission; Resolution 7112
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 A RESOLUTION OF THE PLANNING COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA, RECOMMENDING APPROVAL OF A GENERAL PLAN AMENDMENT TO COMPREHENSIVELY UPDATE THE GENERAL PLAN, AND ASSOCIATED AMENDMENTS TO THE ZONING ORDINANCE, ZONING MAP, LOCAL COASTAL PROGRAM AND CITYWIDE FACILITIES AND IMPROVEMENTS PLAN TO ENSURE CONSISTENCY WITH THE UPDATED GENERAL PLAN. CASE NAME: GENERAL PLAN UPDATE CASE NO.: GPA 07-02/ZCA 07-01/ZC 15-02/LCPA 07-02/SS 15-06 WHEREAS, City Planner has filed a verified application with the City of Carlsbad regarding a comprehensive update to the city’s General Plan, including an update to the Housing Element for the 2013 to 2021 planning period, and the development of a Climate Action Plan (“project”), which affect properties citywide; and WHEREAS, as provided in Government Code Section 65350 et. seq., Section 21.52.020 and Section 21.90.090 of the Carlsbad Municipal Code, and Public Resources Code Section 30514 and Section 13551 of the California Code of Regulations Title 14, Division 5.5, said verified application constitutes a request for a General Plan Amendment, Zoning Ordinance Amendment, Local Coastal Program Amendment and Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan Amendment, as shown on Exhibit 2A: Draft Carlsbad General Plan (GPA 07-02) dated February 2014, on file in the Planning Division and incorporated by this reference; Exhibit 2B: General Plan Update – Land Use Map (GPA 07-02/LCPA 07- 02) dated July 18, 2015, attached hereto; and Exhibit 2C: General Plan Update – Citywide Facilities And Improvements Plan Amendment (SS 15-06) dated July 18, 2015, attached hereto; all of which are on file in the Carlsbad Planning Division; and WHEREAS, the proposed Zoning Map and Zoning Ordinance Amendments are set forth and attached hereto in the draft City Council Ordinance, Exhibit “X” dated, July 18, 2015; and WHEREAS, the City Council accepted the Carlsbad Community Vision in January 2010 and achievement of said vision is supported by the General Plan Amendment, Zoning Ordinance Amendment, Zone Change, Local Coastal Program Amendment, and Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan Amendment; and PLANNING COMMISSION RESOLUTION NO. 7112 PC RESO NO. 7112 -2- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 WHEREAS, per City Council direction on September 11, 2012 and on November 5, 2013, staff utilized the Preferred Plan in the preparation of the General Plan update; and WHEREAS, staff proposes revisions to the Draft Carlsbad General Plan (Exhibit 2A of this resolution) as shown in Chapter 4 of the Final Environmental Impact Report (Exhibit 1A of Planning Commission Resolution No. 7111); and staff proposes revisions to the draft Land Use Map (Exhibit 2B, attached hereto), as described in Attachment 8 of the Planning Commission Staff Report dated July 18, 2015; and WHEREAS, pursuant to the California Environmental Quality Act, a Final Environmental Impact Report (SCH # 2011011004) relative to the proposed General Plan Amendment, Zoning Ordinance Amendment, Zone Change, Local Coastal Program Amendment, and Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan Amendment has been prepared and the Planning Commission has considered its contents and recommended the certification thereof; and WHEREAS, the Planning Commission did on July 18, 2015, hold a duly noticed public hearing and received public testimony and thereafter continued said public hearing to July 22, 23 and 24, 2015, as prescribed by law to consider said request; and WHEREAS, at said public hearing, upon hearing and considering all testimony and arguments, if any, of all persons desiring to be heard, said Commission considered all factors relating to the General Plan Amendment, Zoning Ordinance Amendment, Zone Change, Local Coastal Program Amendment, and Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan Amendment; and WHEREAS, State Coastal Guidelines requires a six-week public review period for any amendment to the Local Coastal Program. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT HEREBY RESOLVED by the Planning Commission of the City of Carlsbad that: A) The foregoing recitations are true and correct. B) The state-mandated six-week review period for the Local Coastal Program Amendment (LCPA 07-02) started on March 27, 2015 and ended on May 8, 2015; no comments were received in response to the LCPA notice. PC RESO NO. 7112 -3- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 C) Based on the evidence presented at the public hearing and based on the following findings, the Planning Commission RECOMMENDS: 1) THE CITY COUNCIL APPROVES GENERAL PLAN AMENDMENT – GPA 07-02, ZONING ORDINANCE AMENDMENT – ZCA 07-01, ZONE CHANGE – ZC 15-02, LOCAL COASTAL PROGRAM AMENDMENT – LCPA 07-02, WITH REVISIONS RECOMMENDED BY STAFF AS DESCRIBED IN CHAPTER 4 OF THE FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT REPORT (EXHIBIT 1A OF PLANNING COMMISSION RESOLUTION NO. 7111) AND ATTACHMENT 8 OF PLANNING COMMISSION STAFF REPORT DATED JULY 18, 2015; AND WITH REVISIONS RECOMMENDED BY THE PLANNING COMMISSION DESCRIBED IN THE MEMORANDUM TO THE PLANNING COMMISSION DATED JULY 24, 2015 AND TITLED “ERRATA SHEET FOR THE GENERAL PLAN UPDATE AND CLIMATE ACTION PLAN”, ON FILE IN THE PLANNING DIVISION AND INCORPORATED BY THIS REFERENCE; AND 2) THE CITY COUNCIL DIRECTS THE CITY PLANNER TO REVISE GENERAL PLAN DATA AND FIGURES, AS NECESSARY, TO BE CONSISTENT WITH THE APPROVED LAND USE MAP. 3) THE CITY COUNCIL APPROVES A CITYWIDE FACILITIES IMPROVEMENT PLAN AMENDMENT – SS 15-06. 4) THE CITY COUNCIL CONSIDER DEVELOPING A NOISE ABATEMENT AND CONTROL ORDINANCE TO ESTABLISH NOISE LEVEL LIMITS, STANDARDS, AND CONTROLS ON LAND USES THROUGHOUT THE CITY. Findings: 1. The Planning Commission finds that the project is in conformance with the elements of the city’s General Plan, based on the facts set forth in the staff report dated July 18, 2015, including but not limited to the following: the project consists of a comprehensive update to the city’s General Plan; the update ensures that all elements of the plan are internally consistent, as required by state law; in addition, the amendments to the Zoning Ordinance and Zoning Map ensure consistency with the General Plan’s Land Use Map, density requirements and provisions for residential uses in commercial designations; the Local Coastal Program amendment ensures consistency with the General Plan Land Use Map, the Zoning Map and the Zoning Ordinance; and the Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan Amendment ensures consistency with the General Plan Mobility Element policies for a multi-modal, livable streets network. 2. The amendment to the General Plan Housing Element complies with state housing element law, as provided in Government Code 65580 et seq. and as demonstrated by the Draft General Plan, dated February 2014, and as revised per Chapter 4 of the Final Environmental Impact Report. 3. The project is consistent with the Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan (CFIP) and all city public facility performance standards that are not proposed to be amended (i.e., performance standards for city administrative facilities, drainage, fire, library, open space, parks, schools, sewer collection, wastewater treatment capacity and water distribution system). The updated General Plan includes policies that ensure future development under the plan to comply with the CFIP public facility performance standards. The updated General Plan is also consistent with the proposed facility performance standard for circulation (multi-modal level of service standard), in that the updated plan establishes policies for a multi-modal transportation system PC RESO NO. 7112 -4- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 and requires consistency with the new circulation performance standard. Future development under the updated General Plan will be conditioned to construct or provide funding to ensure that all public facilities and improvements required by the CFIP will be installed to serve new development prior to or concurrent with need. Attachment 8 to the Planning Commission Staff Report dated July 18, 2015 identifies how buildout of the updated General Plan relates to the CFIP public facility performance standards. 4. The project is consistent with the adopted Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan for the McClellan- Palomar Airport (ALUCP), dated October 2004, in that the goals, policies and proposed land uses of the updated General Plan are consistent with the ALUCP, as determined by the San Diego Airport Land Use Commission on June 5, 2014. 5. That the proposed Zoning Map and Zoning Ordinance Regulations Amendment are consistent with the goals and policies of the various elements of the General Plan and will provide consistency between the General Plan and Zoning, in that the proposed zone classifications ensure consistency with and will implement the land use designations on the proposed Land Use Map and the proposed zoning regulations amendment will ensure consistency with General Plan policies related to residential density and residential uses in commercial areas. 6. That the proposed Zoning Map and Zoning Ordinance Regulations Amendment are consistent with the public convenience, necessity, and general welfare, and are consistent with sound planning principles in that the proposed General Plan land use designations and residential policies, and the proposed implementing zoning regulations and classifications are compatible and ensure that the goals and policies of the General Plan can be adequately implemented to achieve the community’s vision. 7. That the proposed Local Coastal Program Amendment meets the requirements of, and is in conformity with, the policies of Chapter 3 of the Coastal Act and all applicable policies of the Carlsbad Local Coastal Program not being amended by this amendment, in that the amendments ensure consistency with the Carlsbad General Plan and Zoning Ordinance and do not conflict with any coastal zone regulations or policies with which future development must comply. 8. That the proposed amendment to the Carlsbad Local Coastal Program is required to bring it into consistency with the General Plan and Zoning Ordinance. 9. That the proposed amendment to the Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan is required to bring it into consistency with the General Plan Mobility Element. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Draft General Plan OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 L VC PI/O R-30 R-23R-15 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 P OS ME L RO S E DR A LGA RD RAN CH OSANTAFERDL A C OSTA AVE E L CAMI NORE AL LA COSTA AVE SAN D I EGONORTHERN RRCARLSBADBLVDPO IN SE T TIA LNPALOMA R A IRP ORT RD CAM INO VIDA R OBLE AVIARA P KWY P O INSET TIA LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD EL CAMINO REAL TA M A R A C K A V E ELCAMI NORE AL T A MARACKAVECO LL E GEBL VD M ARRON R D C A RLS BA D V ILLAGEDR CANNON RDCARLSBADBL V D 78 B ATI QUITOSD R E L FUE RTEST CFALICANTERD CAM JU NI PEROCALLEACERVOCADENCIASTAMBROSIALNCHESTNUTAV CA L LE BA R CELONA HILLSIDE DR R-8 OS OS OS F A RA D AY A VECA N N O N R DCity of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiquitos Lago onMCCLELLAN-PALOMARAIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena VistaLagoon CalaveraLake MaerkleReservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside CF GC L OS P R-1.5 R-15 R-23VC R-8 R-8P P R-4 R-23 R-15 R-30 L R-8 R-4 OSR-15 R-15 R-4R-15R-23 R-4 R-8 P R V R-15/VC R OS P R-4 R-4 R-15 R-1.5 R-8 OS OS PP P R-1.5 R-4 R-4 R-8 L R-15 R-23 R-23 VC R-15 R-4 R-8 R-1.5 R-8 OS GC R-8 R-8 R-4 R-8 L P P P P R-4 OS R-4 R-4 R-23 R-8R-15 R-4 GC OSR-30 GC VC VC R-8 OS R-4 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-4 OS R-4 R-8 R-23R-30O R-8 OS VC VC VC R-8 R-8 R-4 R-4 R-8 R-8 P R-1 5 R-8 R-4 R-15 P P L R-23 R-30 PIPI PI R-8 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 OS R-8 R-4 OPI PI POS OS O R-8 R-23 R-4 R-1.5 OS OS OSR-4 R-8 R-4 R-8R-8 R-8 R-23 R-8 R-23 O CF R-23O GC OS OS PI/O P L GC R-15 R-1.5 R-4 P R-8 R-15 R-4 R-8 R-15 R-8 P R-1.5 R-30PIRPGC VC R-1 5 VC VC PI R-4 VC/OS R PI R VC VC PI OS VCP R-4 R-15 R-8 R-15 R-23 CF R-4 R-8 OS R-4R-4 R-4 R-1.5 R-15 R-8 R-4 R-30R-15 R-8 P L R-4 R-4 R-8R-23 OS OS P R-4 R-4 R-8 R-4 R-15R-8 R-4 PI/OP GCR-15 R-4 P P R-15 R-8OS R-4 R-4 P R-4 R-8 R-23 R-8 P PP R L R-8 O R-15 R-23 R-23 CF CF CF R-4R-15R-8 P OS R-4 OS OS R-15 R-4 R-23 OSVC PR- 1 5 R- 2 3 R-30 R-15P VC R-30 R-15 R-4 R-4 R-15 OSP VC LR-23 R-15 R-8 VCR-8R-15R-15R-23 R-15 R-4 O O P OS R-8 R-4 R- 8 OSOS R-23 R-8 O PI VC OOGCR-8O VC VC R-23 R-4 R-8 R-4 VC R-23R-8R-15 R-4 R-4 R-8R-8 R-4 R-15 GCO O O R-4 P P R-30 O R-23R-15CF P CF PI PI GC R-15 R-4 P R-15 R-8 R-4R-4VCR- 8 R-23 R-8 R-8R-15 R-8R-4R-8 R-4 R-4R-4 R-4 R-15 L R-4 R-4 R-15 R-4 R-4 R-8 R-4 R-1.5 O R-1.5 OS OS OS OS OS OS OS R-4 R-4 R-4 P OS OS OS OS R-8 R-8 R-4 Airp Sourc Figu Lan GEN OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 L VC PI/O R-30 R-23R-15 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 P OS MELROSE DR A L G A R D RAN C H O SANTAFERDL A C O S TA AVE ELCAMINORE A L LA COSTA AVE SANDI EGONORTHERNRRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E T T I A LNPALOMA R A I R P O RT RD C AM I N O VIDA R OBLE AVIARA P KWYP O IN S E T T I A LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD EL CAMINO REAL T A M A RA C K A VE ELCAMINOREALTA M ARACKAVECOLL EGEBLVDM A RRON R D C A R LS B A D V ILLAG ED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78 B ATI QUITOS D R ELFUERT EST CFALICANTERD CA M J UNI PEROCALLEACERVOC A D ENCIASTAMBROSIALNCHESTNUTAV C A L L E B A R C ELONA HILLSID E DR R-8 OS OS OS FAR A DAY A VEC A N N O N R DCity of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiqu ito s Lago onMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena Vista Lagoon Calavera Lake Maerkle Reservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside CF GC L OS P R-1.5 R-15 R-23VC R-8 R-8P P R-4 R-23 R-15 R-30 L R-8 R-4 OS R-15 R-15 R-4 R-15 R-23 R-4 R-8 P R V R-15/VC R OS P R-4 R-4 R-15 R-1.5 R-8 OS OS PP P R-1.5 R-4 R-4 R-8 L R-15 R-23 R-23 VC R-15 R-4 R-8 R-1.5 R-8 OS GC R-8 R-8 R-4 R-8 L P P P P R-4 OS R-4 R-4 R-23 R-8R-15 R-4 GC OSR-30 GC VC VC R-8 OS R-4 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-4 OS R-4 R-8 R-23R-30 O R-8 OS VC VC VC R-8 R-8 R-4 R-4 R-8 R-8 P R-15R-8 R-4 R-15 P P L R-23 R-30 PIPI PI R-8 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 OS R-8 R-4 O PI PI POS OS O R-8 R-23 R-4 R-1.5 OS OS OSR-4 R-8 R-4 R-8R-8 R-8 R-23 R-8 R-23 O CF R-23O GC OS OS PI/O P L GC R-15 R-1.5 R-4 P R-8 R-15 R-4 R-8 R-15 R-8 P R-1.5 R-30PI RPGC VC R-15 VC VC PI R-4 VC/OS R PI R VC VC PI OS VC P R-4 R-15 R-8 R-15 R-23 CF R-4 R-8 OS R-4R-4 R-4 R-1.5 R-15 R-8 R-4 R-30R-15 R-8 P L R-4 R-4 R-8 R-23 OS OS P R-4 R-4 R-8 R-4 R-15R-8 R-4 PI/OP GCR-15 R-4 P P R-15 R-8OS R-4 R-4 P R-4 R-8 R-23 R-8 P PP R L R-8O R-15 R-23R-23 CF CFCF R-4R-15R-8 P OS R-4 OS OS R-15 R-4 R-23 OSVC P R - 1 5 R- 2 3 R-30 R-15P VC R-30 R-15 R-4 R-4 R-15 OS P VC LR-23 R-15 R-8 VCR-8R-15 R-15R-23 R-15 R-4 O O P OS R-8 R-4 R-8 OSOS R-23 R-8 O PI VC OOGCR-8O VC VC R-23 R-4 R-8 R-4 VC R-23R-8 R-15 R-4 R-4 R-8R-8 R-4 R-15 GCO O O R-4P P R-30 O R-23R-15CF P CF PI PI GC R-15 R-4 P R-15 R-8 R-4 R-4VCR-8 R-23 R-8 R-8R-15 R-8R-4R-8 R-4 R-4R-4 R-4 R-15 L R-4 R-4 R-15 R-4 R-4 R-8R-4 R-1.5 O R-1.5 OS OS OS OS OS OS OS R-4 R-4 R-4 P OS OS OS OS R-8 R-8 R-4 Coastal Zone Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad Lagoons Right of Way City Limits Airport Influence Area Review Area 1 Review Area 2 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. R-1.5 Residential 0-1.5 du/ac R-4 Residential 0-4 du/ac R-8 Residential 4-8 du/ac R-15 Residential 8-15 du/ac R-15/VC Residential 8-15 du/ac/Visitor Comm. R-23 Residential 15-23 du/ac R-30 Residential 23-30 du/ac V Village L Local Shopping Center GC General Commercial VC Visitor Commercial VC/OS, Visitor Commercial/Open Space R Regional Commercial PI Planned Industrial PI/O Planned Industrial/Office O Office P Public CF Community Failities OS Open Space TC Transportation Corridor Figure 2-1Land Use PlanGENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES CarlsbadGeneral Plan February 2014 DRAFT City Staff Kevin Crawford, Interim City Manager Gary Barberio, Assistant City Manager Kathy Dodson, Assistant City Manager Don Neu, City Planner David de Cordova, Principal Planner (Project Manager) Chris DeCerbo, Principal Planner Jennifer Jesser, Senior Planner (Project Manager) Doug Bilse, Senior Traffic Engineer Jane Mobaldi, Assistant City Attorney Kristina Ray, Communications Manager Leticia Trevino-Reyes, Senior Office Specialist City Council Matt Hall, Mayor Mark Packard, Mayor Pro Tem Keith Blackburn, Council Member Lorraine Wood, Council Member Consultants Dudek, Environmental Consultants Fehr & Peers, Transportation Consultants Rosenow Spevacek Group, Inc., Economic and Fiscal Consultants Envision Carlsbad Citizens’ Committee EC3 Primary Members Ken Alfrey Julie Baker Andrew Benson Sean Bently Jim Comstock Kirk Cowles Jim Farley, Vice Chair Robert Gates Barbara Hamilton Mike Howes Mat Huf Hap L’Heureux Diane Lantz Eric Larson, Chair David Lloyd Gina McBride Kent McCormick Greg Nelson John O’Reilly Diane Proulx Fred Sandquist Jeff Segall Jeanne Sprague-Bentley Allen Sweet Paul Thompson Lisa Tuomi-Francis EC3 Alternate Members Jim Bradley Jack Cumming Farah Douglas Glen Etherington William Kloetzer Chris Korogi Jean Moreno Greg Nelson Robert Nielsen David Robertson Guy Roney Tina Schmidt Sean Sexton Dr. Anne Spacie Joseph Troya Draft General PlanDraft General Plan Contents 1 Introduction & Vision ...................................................................1-1 1.1 Background: Carlsbad Setting and Evolution ...........................................1-3 1.2 Vision for the Future ..................................................................................1-6 1.3 General Plan Scope and Purpose .............................................................1-28 1.4 General Plan Horizon and Buildout .........................................................1-30 1.5 General Plan Key Strategies .....................................................................1-31 1.6 General Plan Organization ......................................................................1-33 1.7 Related Documents ..................................................................................1-35 1.8 Administration of the Plan .......................................................................1-36 2 Land Use and Community Design .............................................2-1 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................2-3 2.2 Context: Existing Land Use Pattern ..........................................................2-6 2.3 Vision and Strategies .................................................................................2-8 2.4 Land Use Designations and Density/Intensity Standards ......................2-12 2.5 Buildout and Jobs/Housing Balance ........................................................2-21 2.6 Growth Management ..............................................................................2-24 2.7 Special Planning Considerations ..............................................................2-26 2.8 Goals and Policies ......................................................................................2-35 3 Mobility ........................................................................................3-1 3.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................3-3 3.2 Context: Existing Transportation System .................................................3-5 3.3 Livable Streets Vision and Strategies ........................................................3-8 3.4 Goals and Policies .....................................................................................3-27 4 Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation .............................4-1 4.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................4-3 4.2 Open Space Framework ............................................................................4-5 4.3 Biological Resources and Open Space for Conservation .......................4-10 4.4 Beaches .....................................................................................................4-20 4.5 Parks and Recreation ...............................................................................4-21 4.6 Trails and Greenway System ....................................................................4-31 4.7 Agricultural Resources .............................................................................4-33 4.8 Air Quality .................................................................................................4-37 4.9 Water Quality ...........................................................................................4-44 4.10 Goals and Policies .....................................................................................4-47 City of Carlsbad 5 Noise .............................................................................................5-1 5.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................5-3 5.2 Noise Characteristics and Measurement .................................................5-5 5.3 Noise Sources in Carlsbad ...........................................................................5-7 5.4 Regulations and Noise Exposure Standards ...........................................5-14 5.5 Goals and Policies ......................................................................................5-18 6 Public Safety ................................................................................6-1 6.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................6-3 6.2 Regulatory Setting .....................................................................................6-5 6.3 Flooding and Coastal Hazards ..................................................................6-9 6.4 Geologic and Seismic Hazards .................................................................6-19 6.5 Airport Hazards ........................................................................................6-27 6.6 Hazardous Materials ................................................................................6-31 6.7 Police, Fire, and Emergency Services ......................................................6-35 6.8 Emergency Preparedness ........................................................................6-42 6.9 Goals and Policies .....................................................................................6-43 7 Arts, History, Culture, and Education ........................................7-1 7.1 Introduction ................................................................................................7-3 7.2 Historic Resources .......................................................................................7-5 7.3 Arts and Culture ........................................................................................7-12 7.4 Educational Resources ..............................................................................7-13 7.5 Goals and Policies ......................................................................................7-22 8 Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism ..............................8-1 8.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................8-3 8.2 Historical Perspective and Fiscal Base .......................................................8-4 8.3 Role of Business Diversity in Economic Development .............................8-7 8.4 Direct Economic Impacts of Tourism and Hotels ....................................8-12 8.5 Economic Development and the City’s Role ...........................................8-13 8.6 Goals and Policies ......................................................................................8-15 9 Sustainability ...............................................................................9-1 9.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................9-3 9.2 Organizing Frameworks ............................................................................9-5 9.3 Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reduction ........................9-8 9.4 Water Conservation, Recycling and Supply ............................................9-12 9.5 Green Building ..........................................................................................9-16 9.6 Sustainable Energy ...................................................................................9-19 9.7 Sustainable Food ......................................................................................9-20 9.8 Goals and Policies .....................................................................................9-22 Draft General Plan Table of ContentsDraft General Plan 10 Housing ........................................................................................9-1 10.1 Introduction .............................................................................................10-3 10.2 Housing Needs Assessment ....................................................................10-12 10.3 Resources Available ...............................................................................10-40 10.4 Constraints and Mitigating Opportunities .........................................10-63 10.5 Review of Previous Housing Element ..................................................10-93 10.6 Housing Plan ...........................................................................................10-95 10.7 Goals, Policies, and Programs ................................................................10-97 Appendix A .......................................................................................A-1 Appendix B........................................................................................B-1 Glossary ..................................................................................................i Figures Figure 1-1: Regional Setting .................................................................................1-4 Figure 1-2: City Evolution .....................................................................................1-5 Figure 2-1: Land Use Map ....................................................................................2-15 Figure 2-2: Special Planning Considerations .....................................................2-27 Figure 3-1: Street System .....................................................................................3-15 Figure 4-1: Open Space .........................................................................................4-7 Figure 4-2: HMP Preserve Areas ..........................................................................4-15 Figure 4-3: Parks ..................................................................................................4-23 Figure 4-4: Existing and Planned Future Recreational Trails ...........................4-29 Figure 4-5: Existing Agricultural Lands ..............................................................4-35 Figure 5-1: Noise Measurement ...........................................................................5-6 Figure 5-2: Existing Noise Contours .....................................................................5-9 Figure 5-3: Future Noise Contours ......................................................................5-11 Figure 5-4: Airport Noise Compatibility Policy .................................................5-21 Figure 6-1: Potential Flood Hazards ....................................................................6-11 Figure 6-2: Dam Inundation Areas ......................................................................6-15 Figure 6-3: Maximum Tsunami Projected Run-up .............................................6-17 Figure 6-4: Geology .............................................................................................6-21 Figure 6-5: Earthquake Faults ............................................................................6-23 Figure 6-6: Liquefaction Hazards .......................................................................6-25 Figure 6-7: McClellan-Palomar Airport Influence Area/Safety Zones ............6-29 Figure 6-8: Electric and Gas Transmission Lines ................................................6-33 Figure 6-9: Public Safety Services ......................................................................6-37 Figure 6-10: Structure Fire/Wildfire Threat ........................................................6-39 Figure 7-1: School Districts and Facilities ............................................................7-15 Figure 10-1 Housing Element Sites Inventory ..................................................10-53 City of Carlsbad Table of ContentsTables & Charts Table 1-1: General Plan and Core Value Relationship ....................................1-33 Table 2-1: Existing (2012) Land Uses ....................................................................2-7 Table 2-2: Existing Inventory of Residential and Non-Residential Uses ...........2-7 Table 2-3: Density and Intensity Standards ......................................................2-18 Table 2-4: Characteristics of Commercial Land Uses ........................................2-19 Table 2-5: Estimated New Development by Quadrant (to buildout) ............2-22 Table 2-6: Estimated Total Development ........................................................2-22 Table 2-7: Estimated Buildout Population .......................................................2-23 Table 2-8: Jobs/Employed Residents’ Balance .................................................2-23 Table 2-9: Proposition E – Growth Management ...........................................2-25 Table 3-1: Carlsbad Livable Streets Guide .........................................................3-11 Table 3-2: Planned City of Carlsbad Street Capacity Improvements ..............3-18 Table 4-1: Existing Open Space ...........................................................................4-6 Table 4-2: HMP Conservation Targets and Gains ............................................4-18 Table 4-3: Actively Managed HMP Preserves Over 100 Acres in Size, as of July 25, 2013 .................................................................4-18 Table 4-4: Existing Community Parks, Special Use Areas, and Special Resource Areas (2013) .........................................................4-25 Table 4-5: Anticipated Future Park Development Projects ............................4-26 Table 4-6: Park Facility Standards .....................................................................4-27 Table 4-7: Park Needs Projected for Buildout .................................................4-28 Table 4-8: Existing Trails ....................................................................................4-32 Table 4-9: Ambient Air Quality Standards .......................................................4-38 Table 4-10: SDAB Attainment Classification .....................................................4-41 Table 4-11: Ambient Air Quality Data (ppm unless otherwise indicated) ......4-43 Table 4-12: Frequency of Air Quality Standard Violations ...............................4-43 Table 5-1: Land Use Compatibility For Community Noise Environments ......5-16 Table 5-2: Allowable Noise Exposure ................................................................5-17 Table 5-3: Performance Standards for Non-Transportation Sources (as measured at property line of source/sensitive use) ..................5-17 Table 6-1: Fire Stations Summary .....................................................................6-36 Table 7-1: Carlsbad National and State Historic Resources ............................7-11 Table 7-2: Carlsbad Cultural Institutions, Events, and Programs (selected) ..........................................................................7-12 Table 7-3: Carlsbad Unified School District Facilities Summary ......................7-14 Table 7-4: Other School District Facilities Serving Carlsbad ............................7-14 Table 7-5: Carlsbad Unified School District Enrollment (2007-2012) ..............7-17 Table 7-6: School Districts Serving Carlsbad, Enrollment ................................7-17 Table 7-7: Existing and Projected Public School Enrollment ...........................7-19 Table 7-8: Private Schools in Carlsbad ..............................................................7-20 Chart 8-1: General Fund Revenues and Expenditures (2012) ...........................8-5 Chart 8-2: Annual Net Revenues ........................................................................8-6 Table 8-1: Carlsbad Traded Industry Clusters (2012) .........................................8-7 Table 9-1: General Plan Element and Sustainability Relationship ...................9-6 Draft General Plan Table of ContentsDraft General Plan Table 9-2: Carlsbad 2011 GHG Emissions by Sector (metric tons CO2e) ............9-9 Chart 9-1: Carlsbad 2011 GHG Emissions by Sector ...........................................9-9 Table 10–1: 2010-2020 RHNA ..............................................................................10-5 Table 10–2: Population Growth .........................................................................10-12 Table 10–3: Age Characteristics and Percent Share of Total Population ........10-13 Chart 10-1: Age Distribution 2000-2010 ...........................................................10-14 Table 10–4: Race/Ethnicity 2000 and 2010 ........................................................10-14 Table 10–5: Employment Profile for Carlsbad Employed Residents ...............10-15 Table 10–6: Average Annual Salary by Occupation .........................................10-16 Table 10–7: Employment Projections ................................................................10-16 Table 10–8: Household Characteristics ..............................................................10-17 Chart 10-2: Median Household Income 2006-2010 ........................................10-18 Table 10–9: Households by Tenure and Household Type 2008 .......................10-19 Table 10–10: Special Needs Groups in Carlsbad .................................................10-20 Table 10–11: Individuals with Disabilities in Carlsbad .......................................10-21 Table 10–12: Homeless Population by Jurisdiction 2012 ...................................10-24 Table 10–13: Homeless Shelters and Services, North San Diego County .........10-24 Chart 10-3: Housing Types 2010 ........................................................................10-27 Table 10–14: Housing Unit Type 2000 and 2010 ................................................10-27 Table 10–15: Housing Vacancy 2010 ...................................................................10-28 Chart 10-4: Year Structure Built 2010 ...............................................................10-29 Chart 10-5: Average Home Sales Prices in Carlsbad ........................................10-30 Table 10–16: Median Home Prices 2010-2011 ....................................................10-31 Table 10–17: Apartment Rental Rates July 2012 ................................................10-31 Table 10–18: Affordable Housing Costs 2012 ....................................................10-33 Table 10–19: Overcrowding Conditions 2008 ....................................................10-34 Table 10–20: Housing Assistance Needs of Lower Income Households ..........10-35 Table 10–21: Inventory of Assisted Rental Housing ..........................................10-37 Table 10–22: Rent Subsidy Analysis .....................................................................10-38 Table 10–23: Market Value of At-risk Housing Units .........................................10-39 Table 10–24: Housing Production January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2012 .........................................................................10-42 Table 10–25: Progress Toward Meeting the RHNA ...........................................10-43 Table 10–26: Approved Multi-Family Projects on Small Sites ..........................10-44 Table 10–27: Recent Affordable Housing Projects ............................................10-49 Table 10–28: Land Use Designations and Affordability ....................................10-50 Table 10–29: Housing Sites Inventory Summary ................................................10-52 Table 10–30: Adequacy of Sites in Meeting RHNA, by Household Income .............................................................................................10-55 Table 10–31: Vacant Land Prices October 2012 ..................................................10-63 Table 10–32: Disposition of Home Purchase and Home Improvement Loan Applications in Census Tracts Partially or Wholly Within Carlsbad 2011 .....................................................................10-67 Table 10–33: Land Use Designations and Implementing Zones ......................10-68 Table 10–34: Analysis of Identified Sites Compared to Quadrant Dwelling Unit Limits .......................................................................10-73 Table 10–35: Housing Types by Zoning Category ..............................................10-74 City of Carlsbad Table of ContentsTable 10–36: Basic Residential Development Standards ...................................10-81 Table 10–37: Parking Requirements ...................................................................10-82 Table 10–38: Discretionary Reviews for Residential Projects ............................10-87 Table 10–39: Development Impact and Permit Issuance Fee Schedule ...........10-89 Table 10–40: Progress toward Meeting the RHNA: 2003-2012 .........................10-93 Table 10–41: Coastal Zone Residential Development .......................................10-94 Table 10–42: Quantified Objectives 2010-2020 ................................................10-116 1-1 Draft General Plan 1 Introduction & Vision This chapter outlines the community’s vision for the future development of Carlsbad. It also introduces the General Plan—its purpose, use, and policy structure, and how it can be amended and updated to continually embody the community’s vision and direction for the future. The plan draws its ideas from more than 8,000 residents and over 100 community groups and organizations, as well as business owners, elected officials, and city staff who have directly participated in the process to 1-2 City of Carlsbad Introduction & Vision1 create the Carlsbad Community Vision, which is the foundation for this plan. The plan is comprehensive and long-range and will be used on an ongoing basis, reflecting the city’s commitment to the Carlsbad Community Vision and the state law requirement that all actions related to the city’s physical development—from transportation and park plans, to facility plans, as well development regulations and fee programs—should be consistent with the General Plan. 1-3 Draft General Plan Introduction & Vision1 Draft General Plan 1.1 Background: Carlsbad Setting and Evolution Carlsbad occupies approximately 39 square miles of rolling hills, beaches and bluffs along the northern coast of San Diego County. The city is located about 30 miles north of San Diego and about 90 miles south of Los Angeles. In addition to the Pacific Ocean coastline along its western boundary, the com- munities surrounding Carlsbad include the city of Oceanside to the north, the city of Encinitas to the south, and the cities of Vista and San Marcos and unin- corporated areas of San Diego County to the east. Along Carlsbad’s northern edge, urban development abuts Highway 78, with the highway and Buena Vista Lagoon acting as a boundary between Carlsbad and Oceanside. Similarly, Batiquitos Lagoon along the city’s southern edge defines the boundary between Carlsbad and Encinitas. To the east, city boundaries are less distinctive, as a mix of hillsides and urban development are located adjacent to the cities of Vista and San Marcos and unincorporated lands. The city’s regional location is depicted in Figure 1-1: Regional Setting. From the city’s incorporation in 1952 and for many years thereafter, Carlsbad existed as a “quaint village-by-the-sea.” In 1952, the city consisted of about 7.5 square miles centered on the Village. Figure 1-2: City Evolution shows that over time a series of annexations gradually expanded the city’s land area south and east to its current size of 39 square miles. The Village, once the geographic center of the community, and what would be considered the city’s “downtown”, is now at the city’s northwest corner, almost a 10-mile drive from the city’s southeastern edge. As a relatively young city, much of Carlsbad’s early economic growth can be traced back to the city’s proactive planning efforts to attract and develop Plaza Camino Real and Car Country Carlsbad in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Both have served as regional retail centers for North San Diego County. The city today is a major job center, home to several internationally leading companies in high- and bio-technology, action sports manufacturing, and other sectors, a regional retail destination, and the “golf capital of the world”, with numerous golf courses and resorts as well as major golf-equipment manufacturers. Given Carlsbad’s rapid economic growth and development in the 1980s, city leaders and residents took measures in 1986 to proactively manage the city’s growth, fiscal health and levels of service by passing Proposition E, which estab- lished the City’s Growth Management Plan. The Growth Management Plan limits the total number of residential dwelling units in the city to 54,599, with dwelling unit limits established for each of the city’s four geographic quadrants, and requires performance standards for the provision of public facilities. Other recent planning efforts include the preparation of the Village Master Plan and Design Manual that established a vision for the future character and devel- opment of the Village, and other redevelopment efforts focusing on the Ponto Beach and Power Plant areas. In 2008, Carlsbad residents voted to approve Proposition D, where Carlsbad is now governed by its own charter document. 1-4 City of Carlsbad Los Angeles Metropolitan Area San Diego Metropolitan Area S A N D I E G O R I V E R S I D E O R A N G E S A N B E R N A R D I N OL O S A N G E L E S Mission Viejo OCEANSIDE Vista ESCONDIDO Sun City Hemet Lake Elsinore RIVERSIDE SAN BERNARDINO ONTARIO Redlands Encinitas CARLSBAD 15 8 5 8055 10 215 15 405 GLENDALE PASADENA FULLERTON HUNTINGTON BEACH LONG BEACH FONTANA CORONA SAN DIEGO COSTA MESA ANAHEIM SANTA ANA 30 22 78 76 74 79 91 71 5 55 5 91 605 57 60 60 210 67 78 94 805 94 15 163 125 74 79 371 79 243 83 66 142 72 39 19 164 90 105 LOS ANGELES Lakeland Village Fallbrook Laguna Beach San Clemente Solana Beach Del Mar Poway Ramona Banning Yucaipa CHULA VISTA San Marcos Santee El Cajon S A N D I E G O M E X I C O Coronado Imperial Beach SAN DIEGO Pomona IRVINE Newport Beach Temecula National City La Mesa 852 12554 905 75 56 405 710 1 1 73 60 60 15 74 371 78 5 P a c i f i c O c e a n *The urban areas data provided by ESRI does not depict city limits. Its purpose is to show the general areas of higher population and should be regarded as an illustrative feature on the map. Interstate Highways Other Highways Passenger Rail Lines Coastal Zone Boundary County Boundary City of Carlsbad Urban Areas* Figure 1-1 Regional Setting GENERAL PLAN 0 10 205 Miles Source: ESRI, 2013; City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; USGS, 2002; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Figure 1-1: Regional Setting 1-5 Draft General Plan Introduction & Vision1 Batiquitos Lagoon Pacific Ocean AquaHediondaLagoon CalaveraLake SquiresReservoir ELM A V E TAMAR A C K A V E CARL SBADBLVDEL CAMINOREAL PALOMARAIRPORTRD RANCHOSANTAFERDELCAMIN OREALLA COSTAAVE Encinitas Oceanside SanMarcos Vista Batiquitos Lagoon Pacific Ocean AquaHediondaLagoon CalaveraLake SquiresReservoir ELM A V E TAMAR A C K A V E C A R LS B ADBLVDELCAMINOREAL PALOMARAIRPORTRD RANCHOSANTAFERDELCAMI NOREALCANNON R D LACOSTA AVE ALGA RD OLIVEHAIN RD Vista SanMarcos Encinitas Oceanside Batiquitos Lagoon Pacific Ocean AquaHediondaLagoon CalaveraLake SquiresReservoir POI N SE TT IA LN COLLEGE PK W YFARR ADAY AVE POINSETTIA LN AVARAPK WYC OLLEG EPKWY TAM ARACK AVE C A R LSBAD V IL LA G E D RC A R LS BADBLVDELCAMINOREAL PALOMAR AIRPORTRD RANCHO SANTAFERDELCAMI NOREALLACOSTA AVE ALGA RD CANNON R DOLIVEHAIN RD SanMarcos Encinitas Oceanside Vista 012 41/2 MILES Figure 1-2CITY OF CARLSBADCity Evolution Source: USGS 7.5 Minute Quads, San Luis Rey, San Marcos, Encinitas, Rancho Santa Fe,1968, 1975; City of Carlsbad, 2009;Dyett & Bhatia, 2010. 1968 1975 2012 Carlsbad City Limits Figure 1-2: City Evolution Draft General Plan 1-6 City of Carlsbad Introduction & Vision1 1.2 Vision for the Future Envision Carlsbad For over two decades, Carlsbad has been developing and changing based on the premise of available land to accommodate a growing population. Carls- bad’s basic guiding documents, such as the previous General Plan (1994), were created on that premise. Today (2013), however, with the city approaching build- out, development will mostly occur through infill and redevelopment, which will shape the community in new and perhaps unexpected ways. In recent years, challenges have also emerged related to the protection and enhancement of the city’s attractive setting, natural resources, and the quality of life that residents cherish. Carlsbad faced these challenges head-on and initiated Envision Carlsbad in 2008 to engage the entire community in a process of envisioning (Phase 1) and planning for the future (Phase 2 – General Plan update). The Envision Carlsbad process helped define a set of widely shared community values, but also exposed areas of tension and competing ideas, which were reconciled through the planning process with careful balancing of perspectives. Community participa- tion in Envision Carlsbad included: Envision Carlsbad Citizens’ Committee. The Envision Carlsbad Citizens’ Committee (EC3) was created to promote balanced consideration of the broad range of perspectives that would be heard through the Envision Carlsbad process. The EC3 met 18 times over a three-year period, helping to mold the community input into a vision, reviewing and brainstorming issues and ideas, and recommending a preferred land use plan (Preferred Plan) to the Planning Commission. Community-Wide Surveys. At the outset of the process, a 15-minute survey was mailed to every household within the city (41,643 households), giving them the option of returning the enclosed survey (postage paid) or completing it online. A Spanish version of the survey was also made available. In total, 7,167 completed responses were received, for an exceptionally high response rate of 17.2 percent. All survey responses were coded into a database and analyzed, and results nor- malized for Carlsbad’s population. A second focused survey was conducted during the land use alternatives phase of the General Plan update, made available during workshops and on line. Approximately 350 completed responses were received. Community Workshops. Community-wide workshops were held at two stages in the process—during visioning and for land use alternatives. Four workshops were held during the visioning stage, with participants numbering 370. During the land use alternatives stage two evening workshops were held, which were attended by 395 people. November 2009 Carlsbad Community Vision CARLSBADCITY OF www.envisioncarlsbad.org 1-7 Draft General Plan Introduction & Vision1 Draft General Plan Stakeholder Meetings. Meetings were held with over 80 organizations focusing on topics most germane to the mission of the organization represented. Orga- nizations included local businesses in fields such as biotechnology, automobile sales, real estate, retail, entertainment, hospitality, and manufacturing. Other organizations interviewed represented interests such as environmental and lagoon preservation, youth clubs, arts and culture, libraries, medical centers, bicycling, sports leagues, specific neighborhoods, affordable housing, home- lessness, people with disabilities, local schools, parent-teacher associations, and religious communities. Envision Carlsbad Website. Information on the process and progress of Envision Carlsbad activities was provided for easy reference on the city’s website. Community members were able to access the website and take a community survey on the land use alternatives. Carlsbad Community Vision A vision is sometimes described as an ideal picture of the future. However, it is much more than this – it is a community’s aspiration, and its inspiration. It is a description of what Carlsbad would like to achieve or accomplish, and serves as the framework for detailed policies. The vision answers the question, “Where do we want to go?” A vision is not just an answer, it is also a process. An extensive collaborative process in which 8,000 residents directly participated and contributed ideas, and dreams and hopes for the future has shaped the Carlsbad Community Vision, incorporated here as the vision for the General Plan. By undertaking the process of creating a vision for Carlsbad as part of preparing the General Plan, community members also enhanced their own perception of future challenges, opportunities, and possibilities. The Carlsbad Community Vision reflects the community’s aspirations for Carls- bad’s future; it is a clear and motivational synthesis of the ideas expressed by community members during the first phase of Envision Carlsbad. The Carlsbad Community Vision is based upon nine core values that were commonly expressed by the community. These values represent the qualities and char- acteristics of Carlsbad that community members aspire to protect, maintain, improve, change, or achieve in the future. In many respects, the Carlsbad Community Vision reflects the values of the community that are under threat—that is, there is some sense that the par- ticular value must be protected, or needs to be adjusted to meet the desires of the community. As a result, some aspects of Carlsbad that are valued by the community today may not be perceived to require protection or adjustment, and therefore, may not be fully expressed in the Carlsbad Community Vision. 1-8 City of Carlsbad Introduction & Vision1 In some instances, the Carlsbad Community Vision reconciles competing desires. For example, “open space and the natural environment” is a core value of the vision, and some community members desire open space areas to remain undisturbed in their natural state, while others desire open space areas to be more accessible for recreational opportunities such as hiking, biking, or nature study. The Carlsbad Community Vision seeks to find the common ground between competing values, which are further articulated in the General Plan goals, and carried out through the General Plan’s policies and regulatory documents such as the Local Coastal Program, the Zoning Ordinance, as well as other policies and practices that guide the city’s operations. Timeframe The Carlsbad Community Vision portrays broad themes and aspirations for Carlsbad’s future. While some of these may be realized in the short- or medium- term (five or 20 years), others are ideals toward which the community will continually strive. The Carlsbad Community Vision represents community consensus on what Carlsbad hopes to achieve in the future. It is described using the word “will” to represent the community’s commitment to the vision and their intent to achieve it. The Carlsbad Community Vision is dynamic, far-reaching, and incorporates careful balancing of environmental, social, and economic considerations. Core Values Eight thousand Carlsbad community members participated in the city-spon- sored Envision Carlsbad program to create a community vision for Carlsbad’s future. The core values and vision statements emerging from this process were endorsed by the City Council and serve as a guide for city leaders as they carry out their service to all who live, work and play in the City of Carlsbad, and for city departments as they implement this vision. The following pages include the core values followed by vision statements. “We need to inspire people to believe they can help co-create a better future.” WORKSHOP PARTICIPANT ENVISION CARLSBAD 1-9 Draft General Plan Introduction & Vision1 Draft General Plan Enhance Carlsbad’s defining attributes—its small town feel and beach community character. Build on the city’s culture of civic engagement, volunteerism, and philanthropy. Character and Quality of Life Carlsbad’s small town feel and beach community character are defining attributes of the city. The com- bination of the city’s sophisticated cultural ambience and “beach community feel” create a traditional, small- town identity without feeling old-fashioned. With nature’s added benefits of sunshine, scenery, coastline, and weather—“the best climate in the world”—Carls- bad’s overall image is both a testament and a contributor to the City’s success. The community is united in desiring that Carlsbad remains beautiful, well-kept, clean, quiet, safe, and well-planned. Carlsbad will work to maintain both community character and quality of life by “embracing the past with a vision for the future.” Social Connectedness Carlsbad is full of caring, friendly people with a sense of volunteerism and pride. The social atmosphere in the city is family-oriented, progressive, multi-genera- tional, and stable. Residents share a community spirit and culture of giving and philanthropy, making rela- tionships one of the most valuable aspects about the Carlsbad community. Community members value the cultural acceptance and diversity in the city, and the way old and new lifestyles come together. In the future, cultural and generational diversity and social connections will be enhanced through opportunities for volunteerism and civic engagement; more public gathering places, family-friendly activities, and open spaces within walking distance of people’s homes and workplaces; and more events that connect residents to one another and keep them active in the community. Managed Growth The City has been successful in managing growth through good land use decisions and planning. Opinions on how best to manage growth in the future are plentiful—with “less” growth and “balanced” growth representing two popular positions. Regard- less of the ultimate growth strategy, Carlsbad will strive to maintain the city’s desirable characteristics while enabling infill development and redevelopment where appropriate. The suitability of higher densities is another topic on which the community has diverse viewpoints. In the future, any higher density development will be located carefully, in places with ready access to transit, infrastructure, and services, and in harmony with existing development patterns. Small Town Feel, Beach Community Character, and Connectedness Core ValueVisionStatement “Maintain the community feel… opportunities for multiple generations to live here and understand one another’s needs.” Prioritize protection and enhancement of open space and the natural environment. Support and protect Carlsbad’s unique open space and agricultural heritage. The Carlsbad community values its open space for visual beauty, ecological functions (for example, clean air and water, habitats, and wildlife movement corridors), and for some, as a way to control growth. Protecting natural habitats in and around Carlsbad is a high priority for residents. The community is proud of the exceptional amount of open space in the city, and envisions a future of continued City commitment to open space protection and strategic acquisitions to further the city’s open space system. The Ocean, Beaches, Lagoons, and Habitat The ocean, beaches, lagoons, other waterways, and natural habitat are critical natural resources and vital components of the city’s setting. They provide habitat for wildlife, rec- reation opportunities, and aesthetic value, and are also engines of the tourism side of the economy. Community members look forward to continued enjoyment of clean, healthy, and accessible lagoons, beaches, and natural habitat areas due to ongoing conservation, restoration, and active maintenance efforts. Open Space Heritage and Partnerships The open space network can help the city celebrate its history, including its agricultural and horticultural heritage. Examples of Carlsbad’s open space resources that connect the city to its past include the lagoons, the Strawberry Fields, and the Flower Fields. In the future, Carlsbad will continue to support efforts that promote the economic viability of the Strawberry Fields and the Flower Fields. Protection and enhancement of the city’s open space resources and heritage will be achieved through partnerships with regional and State agencies, advocacy and preservation organizations, and the active volunteer base of the community. Partner- ships with the lagoon nature centers and foundations to provide educational programs will ensure that current and future generations have an awareness of the history and natural environments of Carlsbad’s three lagoons. Open Space and the Natural Environment “Connecting with nature is important. The trails provide a link to nature. It is about quieting down enough to hear the sounds of nature.” VisionStatementCore Value “We need to preserve archaeological, biological, geologic, and open space resources.” Promote active lifestyles and community health by furthering access to trails, parks, beaches, and other recreation opportunities. Carlsbad is an active community with valuable recre- ation resources, such as the beach, numerous parks and sports fields, and proximate hillsides. Recreation programs and outdoor special events, such as world-class golf and tennis tournaments, and marathons, are popular and widely supported. Outdoor recreation and active lifestyles will continue to be a priority for Carlsbad in the future, and therefore it will be a priority to maintain and improve these resources. Parks, Fields, and Facilities for All Ages The network of parks and recreation facilities will be improved to meet the community’s active lifestyle needs. Such improvements may include the strategic addition of more parks, sports fields and courts, swimming pools, a teen center, dog parks, children’s play areas, and increased availability of school parks through expanded joint-use programs between the City and local school districts. New facilities will be located to maximize use and access by all neighborhoods, tailored to the needs of local populations, and designed with all ages in mind. Well-Connected Trails for Every Use Carlsbad will have active open space areas for hiking, biking, dog-walking, exploring, education, and even ecotourism. New and enhanced walking and biking paths, designed in collaboration with the community, will provide convenient connections to destinations. A spectrum of clearly designated trails will meet the unique needs of walkers and cyclists. This enhanced, fully connected trail system will not only provide more opportunities for active living, but also create new, non-vehicular connections between neighborhoods, open spaces, lagoons, and the beach, and potentially even commercial areas. In this way, people of all ages will be able to get around town safely, comfortably, and conveniently. Beach Uses and Improvements The beach is an important outdoor recreational resource, and protecting and enhancing access to the beach and the quality of the beach experience is a top community priority. In the future, the beach will be maintained as a safe, accessible, and attractive recre- ational resource through partnerships with regional and State agencies, and other organizations. Access to the beach and the quality of the beach experience will be improved through new compatible and supportive uses on or in close proximity to the beach, which may include food vendors, ocean view restaurants, a dog beach area, a park or outdoor venue for community events, enhanced trail networks, preserved parking areas, and increased services. Access to Recreation and Active, Healthy Lifestyles Core ValueVisionStatement A visible trails system to link the three lagoons to the coaster stations, El Salto Falls to the ocean… to connect our environmental resource areas to public transportation. Strengthen the city’s strong and diverse economy and its position as an employment hub in North San Diego County. Promote business diversity, increased specialty retail and dining opportunities, and Carlsbad’s tourism. Current economic conditions are challenging for many, but by striving for a strong, balanced, and diverse local economy, the City will be able to support the facilities and amenities the community desires. Business and Jobs Carlsbad is home to internationally recognized companies that are industry leaders in sectors as diverse as golfing and bio- and advanced technology. These companies have a highly-educated workforce whose corporate travel needs are supported by Carlsbad’s McClellan-Palomar Airport. Successful partnerships with businesses will increase opportunities for local, high quality, and well-paying jobs; support the cutting-edge sectors in the city; and attract emerging technologies such as green industries. Family- owned (“mom and pop”) stores will be supported and obstacles removed to ensure their continued economic success. Carlsbad will work to maintain a positive business environment and remain an attractive location for new business, expansion, retention, and improvement. Shopping and Dining Carlsbad residents will be able to shop locally for most of their day-to-day needs at high quality shopping areas such as The Forum at Carlsbad, Carlsbad Premium Outlets, and an enhanced Westfield/Plaza Camino Real mall, and at an increasing number of small, independent, and specialty retail stores and services, particularly in the Village. The array of dining opportunities in the city will be expanded, and residents will have access to new upscale grocery stores and more restaurant choices. Tailored Tourism Strategy Tourism is an important component of the city’s economy today, and it remains an attractive economic sector for the future since it emphasizes the very resources that make the city attractive to existing residents—the ocean and beach; lagoons; shopping and dining; and arts, sports, and cultural events. In particular, Carlsbad will take advantage of synergistic opportunities to meet the needs of tourists and residents through the protection and enhancement of Carlsbad’s natural environments such as the beaches and lagoons, the provision of world class shopping and a wide variety of arts and cultural events, the hosting of more national-scale events, and the improvement of travel options through enhanced walking, bicycling, and public transportation systems. Opportunities for promoting ecotourism will be explored for their potential to help preserve the natural resources that the community values. Looking ahead, Carlsbad will enjoy a balance of busi- nesses that provide tourism services and establishments that serve the needs of residents. The Local Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism Core ValueVisionStatement “More diversity of businesses will create a variety of income sources for the city.” Increase travel options through enhanced walking, bicycling, and public transportation systems. Enhance mobility through increased connectivity and intelligent transportation management. Personal automobiles are the most common means of transportation in Carlsbad today. This is in part because the development pattern is dominated by suburban residential neighborhoods, single use districts, and a discontinuous street system. Along with rolling topog- raphy, these present major challenges for walking and bicycling. Traffic on main roads—which in many cases are the only connections between destinations—moves quickly, making bicyclists and pedestrians feel unsafe. Community members see these challenges as oppor- tunities to provide safer and more convenient mobility through a variety of modes. Carlsbad’s future trans- portation network will be a balanced blend of safe and connected walking and biking facilities; convenient, comfortable, and efficient public transit; and intelligent traffic management systems that move cars safely to their destinations. Pedestrian and Bicyclist Needs While the automobile will remain a dominant mode of transportation, better pedestrian and bike connectivity will help reduce auto-dependency and increase acces- sibility and healthy activity levels. Carlsbad will have an enhanced and fully connected system of sidewalks, paths, bike lanes, and trails. Easy and convenient pedestrian connections will be available from every neighborhood to help children get safely to schools and parks. New pedes- trian and bicycle connections across the railroad tracks and I-5 will connect neighborhoods to the beach and ocean. Sidewalks will be more appealing and accessible to residents of all ages and physical abilities. Businesses will facilitate biking for routine activities such as going to work, school, shopping, or going to a restaurant to eat, by providing bike parking and supportive amenities such as changing rooms, showers, and lockers. Transit as a Real Alternative In the future, public transportation will connect the beaches, lagoons, parks, libraries, shopping areas, the Village, major employment areas, medical facilities, the airport, and the train stations to increase accessibility and decrease traffic congestion and parking problems. Public transportation will be frequent, reliable, quiet, and com- fortable, and will be powered by renewable energy sources. With participatory community design of the routes, stops will be sensible and convenient to (almost) everyone. Walking, Biking, Public Transportation, and Connectivity Core ValueVisionStatement “We should have a much more walkable, bikable city.” Build on the City’s sustainability initiatives to emerge as a leader in green development and sustainability. Pursue public/private partnerships, particularly on sustainable water, energy, recycling, and foods. The City will continue ongoing public dialogue to gather sustainability ideas, and foster public/private partnerships on sustainability initiatives, in particular on the issues of sustainable water, energy, and foods. Water Conservation, Recycling, and Desalination Carlsbad is a national pioneer in water desalination, and will strive for continued water sustainability by instituting cutting-edge practices in water conservation and recycling. Recycling efforts will build on the city’s existing “purple pipes” (the reclaimed water system) and will look ahead to future opportunities to improve and expand water recycling and conservation. Through these efforts, the City will be a leader in conservation coordination at the local level, and by participating at the regional watershed level as well. Energy Security and Independence Carlsbad could be the Silicon Valley of energy, and become an incubator for alternative energy research. Carlsbad, will strive to be energy self-sufficient. Renewable energy options will be widely available to residents, through education about technologies such as solar roofs and wind turbines, and through sensible financial incentives and convenient technical assistance. Food Sustainability and Waste Reduction The community’s agricultural heritage will be cele- brated through educational programs and seasonal festivals that bring income to area farmers. The community will organize and initiate farmers’ markets in major accessible locations, and local leaders will help to partner restaurants and growers to increase avail- ability of local produce on menus around town. The waste stream will be reduced with the help of a citywide effort to promote recycling and composting. A new, efficient system for collection and redistribution of local compost back to area farms will form a sustainable life cycle for organic material in the community. Sustainability Core ValueVisionStatement “Long range planning for sustainability means more than just environmental. We have to look at social and economic conditions as well, and work together toward solutions.” © SAM WELLS Emphasize the arts by promoting a multitude of events and productions year-round, cutting-edge venues to host world-class performances, and celebrate Carlsbad’s cultural heritage in dedicated facilities and programs. Community Events and Activities Events such as ArtSplash, Jazz in the Parks, and Fiesta del Barrio provide outlets for the arts and cultural community. In the future, there will be an even greater variety of arts and cultural activities and events throughout the year and across the city. Event announcements will be visible and easy to find, and there may even be multiple activities to choose from on any given weekend. The city’s flourishing art and cultural scene will attract visitors from afar. Some activ- ities will bring the arts and culture straight to schools, neighborhoods, and families with children, thereby ensuring the next generation cares as much about arts and culture as this one. Libraries, Venues, and Art Space While Carlsbad residents are proud of their libraries and other arts and cultural venues, they look forward to new arts and cultural facilities, too. In the future, venues and space for arts and cultural activities will be enhanced to draw local and regional crowds, and to facilitate local art production. Such enhancements may include a new multi-purpose venue capable of hosting large indoor and outdoor performances, and the provision of small, affordable spaces for local artists to produce and display their art. Warehouses and other older buildings will be studied for redevelopment and reuse as art studios or live-work spaces, mingling cultural production and appreciation with commercial office use. Cultural Facilities and Partnerships Protecting and celebrating Carlsbad’s rich history and cultural heritage is of high importance to the community. Examples of Carlsbad’s historic and cultural resources include Rancho Carrillo, the Marron Adobe, the Barrio neighborhood, Magee House, the Village, and Carlsbad’s Native American history. In the future, Carlsbad will continue to recognize and celebrate its history and cultural heritage by supporting facili- ties, programs, and activities that provide education and information about Carlsbad’s heritage. Examples of such facilities, programs, and activities may include events and festivals to celebrate the city’s heritage, part- nerships with local schools to educate students about the city’s history and culture, an enhanced Barrio Museum to curate and share the cultural history of the Barrio neighborhood, and a new Native American Cultural Center to provide information and activities related to local tribal heritage. Carlsbad will work with local tribes to partner in new ways to promote and display informa- tion about local Native American tribal history. History, the Arts, and Cultural Resources Core ValueVisionStatement “Educate people in the community in an artistic way about the Native American culture in Carlsbad— connecting the culture to the place… mixing history with art.” Support quality, comprehensive education and life-long learning opportunities, provide housing and community services for a changing population, and maintain a high standard for citywide public safety. Schools and Education Carlsbad has an excellent public and private school system, including such institutions as the Army and Navy Academy, Pacific Ridge School, and the Gem- ological Institute of America. Maintaining the high quality of education is a priority for residents. In the future, all schools that serve Carlsbad (public and private) will boast exemplary facilities and educational achievements. Carlsbad will enjoy the fruits of new partnerships that expand educational opportunities for all ages, including: the development of an institute of higher learning at the college or university level; part- nerships between businesses and schools to encourage learning projects and specialized courses in up-and- coming trades (green business and design, for example); and more adult learning opportunities, particularly for the retired, parents, and those who speak English as a second language. Carlsbad will be known as a community that values lifelong learning and education for all. Changing Demographics The City and other local and regional organizations have done a commendable job providing critical services and opportunities to Carlsbad residents over the years. Community members look forward to planning to accommodate the needs of an increasingly aging and diverse population. In the future, Carlsbad will be a multi-generational community, with supportive services that accom- modate the needs of the elderly as well as families with young children. Carlsbad will uphold universal design standards that foster accessibility, and will be a leader in innovative financing and design approaches to enhance availability of high-quality housing for all income levels. The housing supply will match the diverse population and workforce needs, essential to a sustainable economic future. Public Safety Carlsbad’s safe neighborhoods and streets are highly valued by community members. In the future, Carlsbad will continue to enjoy a low crime-rate and safe neigh- borhoods and streets. Support of safety programs, such as neighborhood policing and the provision of adequate lighting along sidewalks and alleys, will help to ensure the community’s continued safety. The City will work closely with businesses, especially those in the Village, to promote evening activities and an atmosphere of safety, even after dark. Plaza Camino Real and the beach will benefit from enhanced crime prevention efforts. High-Quality Education and Community Services Core ValueVisionStatement “Encourage local businesses to partner with the district for student apprenticeships and partnerships.” Revitalize neighborhoods and enhance citywide community design and livability. Promote a greater mix of uses citywide, more activities along the coastline, and link density to public transportation. Revitalize the Village as a community focal point and a unique and memorable center for visitors, and rejuvenate the historic Barrio neighborhood. Community Design and Livability Community members envision a future in which there is a greater mix of uses, density is linked to public transportation, services are available closer to existing neighborhoods, and more activities and facilities are located along the coastline. This mix of activities in closer proximity to one another, rather than isolated single uses, will reduce distances to destinations. Rec- reation facilities will be developed closer to or within existing neighborhoods, and new neighborhood-scale services will be provided in convenient and sensible locations compatible with the surrounding residential uses. To achieve this, future development will be guided by prin- ciples of smart growth planning that include providing housing and activities near public transportation and services, as well as considering appropriate opportunities for vertical mixed-use development (such as housing or offices above retail). These community design approaches will accommodate more people while protecting open space, community character, and quality of life, and recognizing that change may be limited in established neighborhoods. Village (Downtown) Revitalization Revitalizing the Village is integral to promoting the city’s identity. Community members appreciate the Village’s charm, its quaintness, and its connection to the past; however, revitalizing the Village will help to achieve its potential to serve as a community focal point and major tourist draw. Downtown has good “bones”—a walkable grid street system, proximity to the ocean, presence of historical buildings, and access from the freeway and rail transit. Carlsbad will capitalize on the Village’s potential as a place for people to live, work, and play, helping it emerge as a unique and memorable center in San Diego Neighborhood Revitalization, Community Design, and Livability “The downtown bones are good and it has good mixes. There is opportunity for people to live, work, and play there.” Core ValueVisionStatement County. The Village will provide opportunities for aging Carlsbad residents to move from remote neighborhoods to a district with walking access to services and amenities, and serve as an attrac- tive location for younger residents too. New stores and restaurants that cater to residents and stay open late, cultural and arts activi- ties that draw people from afar, and an increased village resident population base will infuse the Village with vitality that will also draw new businesses. The Village will accommodate new activi- ties and buildings while still maintaining its small-town feel and charm. Rejuvenation of the Barrio Neighborhood Much like the Village, community members envision the Barrio as a historic neighborhood rejuvenated by care, attention, and investment. The Barrio will be safe, traffic will move more slowly, and streets and sidewalks will be better lit. In the future, there will be safe pedestrian beach access from the Barrio, and the City will help to celebrate the history and culture of the Barrio through ongoing support of cultural celebrations, neighborhood beautification efforts, and heritage education institutions such as the Barrio Museum. Organizations and community members will contribute ideas to rejuvenate and celebrate the history and culture of the neighborhood. “We need to allow for innovation in the design process. People are living in different ways.” 1-28 City of Carlsbad Introduction & Vision1 1.3 General Plan Scope and Purpose General Plan Purpose The General Plan governs all city actions relating to Carlsbad’s physical devel- opment. The General Plan is mandated by and derives its authority from California Government Code Section 65300, which requires each city and county in California to adopt a General Plan, “for the physical development of the county or city, and any land outside its boundaries which…bears relation to its planning.” The Carlsbad General Plan is a document adopted by the City Council that serves several purposes: • To outline a vision for Carlsbad’s long-term physical and economic devel- opment and community enhancement; • To provide strategies and specific implementing actions that will allow this vision to be accomplished; • To establish a basis for judging whether specific development proposals and public projects are in harmony with General Plan policies and stan- dards (such as for density, parks, and mobility); • To allow city departments, other public agencies, and private developers to design projects that will enhance the character of the community, pre- serve and enhance important environmental resources, and minimize hazards; and • To provide the basis for establishing priorities for implementing plans and programs, such as the Zoning Ordinance, the Capital Improvements Program, facilities plans, and specific and area plans. State law requires that a variety of city actions be consistent with the General Plan; thus, regular ongoing use of the plan is essential. The plan is both general and long-range and there will be circumstances and instances when detailed studies are necessary before General Plan policies can be implemented. 1-29 Draft General Plan Introduction & Vision1 Draft General Plan General Plan Requirements A city’s general plan has been described as its constitution for development— the framework within which decisions must be made on how to grow, provide public services and facilities, and protect and enhance the environment. Cali- fornia’s tradition of allowing local control over land use decisions means that the state’s cities have considerable flexibility in preparing their general plans. While they allow considerable flexibility, state planning laws do establish basic requirements about the issues that general plans must address. The California Government Code establishes both the content of general plans and rules for their adoption and subsequent amendment. Together, state law and judicial decisions establish three overall guidelines for general plans; they should be: • Comprehensive. This requirement has two aspects. First, the general plan must be geographically comprehensive. That is, it must apply through- out the entire incorporated area and it should include other areas that the city determines are relevant to its planning. Second, the general plan must address the full range of issues that affect the city’s physical development. • Internally Consistent. This requirement means that the general plan must fully integrate its separate parts and relate them to each other without con- flict. “Horizontal” consistency applies as much to figures and diagrams as to the general plan text. It also applies to data and analysis as well as poli- cies. All adopted portions of the general plan, whether required by State law or not, have equal legal weight. None may supersede another, so the general plan must resolve conflicts among the provisions of each element. • Long-Range. Because anticipated development will affect the city and the people who live or work there for years to come, state law requires every general plan to take a long-term perspective. 1-30 City of Carlsbad Introduction & Vision1 1.4 General Plan Horizon and Buildout The time horizon (i.e., long-term perspective) of this General Plan is year 2035. The goals and policies within each General Plan element are intended to guide development and city actions over the course of the next 22 years. Some General Plan elements directly guide the physical development of the city (e.g., the Land Use and Community Design Element and Open Space, Conservation and Rec- reation Element); these elements estimate the amount of various land uses (e.g., residential, commercial, open space) that will develop during the horizon of this General Plan. For purposes of future planning, it is assumed that all uses planned on the General Plan Land Use Map (found in the Land Use and Community Design Element) will develop and the city will reach “buildout” during the horizon of this General Plan. However, actual buildout of all planned land uses may occur at a later year. 1-31 Draft General Plan Introduction & Vision1 Draft General Plan 1.5 General Plan Key Strategies The General Plan is shaped by strategies to achieve the core values of the Carlsbad Community Vision. The key strategies include: • Active Waterfront. New development will be located along the ocean waterfront, together with a new public promenade and open spaces, enabling residents and visitors to recreate along the ocean, and enjoy dining, shopping, and recreating along the waterfront. • Accessible Walkable Centers. The General Plan seeks development of pedestrian-oriented shopping centers that are located to maximize acces- sibility from residential neighborhoods Where appropriate, these centers would also include high and medium density housing surrounding the retail uses or integrated in mixed-use buildings. • Revitalized Older Neighborhoods. The General Plan seeks revitaliza- tion of older neighborhoods. In the Village, new stores and restaurants that cater to residents and stay open later, cultural and arts activities that draw people from afar, and an increased population base will infuse the Village with vitality that will also draw new businesses and visitors. Care, attention, investment, and new housing and businesses will rejuve- nate the Barrio. The Barrio’s heritage and culture will be celebrated, and improved streetscapes, traffic calming, and safe pedestrian beach access from Chestnut Avenue will enhance the public realm and neighborhood livability. • Appropriate-Scaled Development. New development will be scaled and designed to provide appropriate transitions to adjacent neighborhoods. • Reinforced Industrial/Research and Development Core. The Palomar Airport Road corridor has emerged as one of the principal regional employment centers and is home to several globally-leading estab- lishments; the corridor has been shaped by the city’s foresight and business-friendly climate, proximity to the airport and regional con- nections, and availability of a highly skilled workforce. The General Plan reinforces continued growth and development of this core. • Housing Close to Jobs. The General Plan locates new residential devel- opment proximate to the principal employment core along the Palomar Airport Road corridor, as well as the Village, the Barrio, other com- mercial and office areas, and the two Coaster stations for easy access to regional jobs and services. • Increased Street Connectivity. A principal feature of the plan is improved street connectivity. A connection is proposed for College Boulevard through Sunny Creek Commercial. Also proposed is the connection of Poinsettia Lane through Aviara. 1-32Introduction & Vision1 Envision Carlsbad • Promotion of Walking and Bicycling (livable streets). The General Plan outlines improvements to pedestrian and bicycle systems. Opportunities for safe pedestrian crossing of the railroad, in addition to the one at Chestnut Avenue mentioned earlier, will be explored. Pedestrian Priority Zones around key centers and other places—such as schools—are out- lined, to foster pedestrian comfort and safety. • Continued Commitment to Open Space Development. The General Plan supports continuation of the open space and park planning efforts by the city. Any future development located in areas adjacent to sensi- tive biological resources, such as lagoons and hillsides, must comply with the city’s Habitat Management Plan and open space regulations to ensure that habitats are preserved and open space is provided. • Preservation of Existing Neighborhoods. More than 90 percent of the city will not see a change to the land uses planned by the General Plan. • Consistency with the Growth Management Plan. The General Plan is consistent with the city’s Growth Management Plan. 1-33 Draft General Plan Introduction & Vision1 Draft General Plan 1.6 General Plan Organization Elements-Core Value Relationship The General Plan is organized into elements structured around the core values of the Carlsbad Community Vision, while meeting state law requirements for comprehensiveness. Table 1-1 shows the relationship of each General Plan element to the core values of the Carlsbad Community Vision. TABLE 1–1: GENERAL PLAN AND CORE VALUE RELATIONSHIP GENERAL PLAN ELEMENT Land Use and Community DesignMobilityOpen Space, Conservation and RecreationNoisePublic SafetyArts, History, Culture, and EducationEconomy, Business Diversity, and TourismSustainabilityHousingCALSBAD COMMUNITY VISION CORE VALUE 1. Small Town Feel, Beach Community Character, and Connectedness 2. Open Space and the Natural Environment 3. Access to Recreation and Active, Healthy Lifestyles 4. The Local Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 5. Walking, Biking, Public Transportation, and Connectivity 6. Sustainability 7. History, the Arts, and Cultural Resources 8. High Quality Education and Community Services 9. Neighborhood Revitalization, Community Design, and Livability Most Closely Related to Core Value Closely Related to Core Value 1-34 City of Carlsbad Introduction & Vision1 Organization of the Elements Each chapter of this General Plan includes brief background information to establish the context for the policies in the chapter. This background material is not a comprehensive statement of existing conditions nor is it considered adopted policy, unless noted otherwise, such as with land use classifications. (Readers interested in a comprehensive understanding of issues related to a par- ticular topic should refer to the working papers described in Section 1.6.) This background information is followed by goals and policies: • Goals are the city’s statements of broad direction, philosophy, or stan- dards to be achieved. • Policies are specific statements that guide decision-making. They may refer to existing programs or development standards or call for establish- ment of new ones. Together, these goals and policies articulate a direction for Carlsbad, in alignment with the Carlsbad Community Vision and state law, that the General Plan seeks to achieve. They also provide protection for the city’s resources by establishing planning requirements, programs, standards, and criteria for project review. Policies are sometimes followed by explanatory text in italics; these provide a greater context for the policies, but in themselves do not represent adopted policies of the General Plan. Numbering System Goals and policies are organized using a two-part numbering system. The first part refers to the element number and the second is the order in which the goal, policy, or action appears, with a letter to distinguish goals and policies. For example, the first goal in the Land Use and Community Design Element is 2-G.1 and the first policy is 2-P.1. 1-35 Draft General Plan Introduction & Vision1 Draft General Plan 1.7 Related Documents Background Documents As part of the General Plan update process, existing conditions, trends, issues, and opportunities were evaluated in six working papers, structured around the core values identified in the Carlsbad Community Vision. The working papers provide background information and technical analysis that were relied upon for subsequent tasks. They also raised policy issues to help the EC3 brainstorm how these issues may shape potential alternatives or policies. The six working papers focus on the following community core values: 1. Sustainability 2. The Local Economy, Business Diversity and Tourism 3. Open Space and the Natural Environment; Access to Recreation and Active, Healthy Lifestyles 4. History, the Arts and Cultural Resources; High Quality Education and Community Services 5. Walking, Biking, Public Transportation and Connectivity 6. Small Town Feel, Beach Community Character and Connectedness; Neighborhood Revitalization, Community Design and Livability Following these analyses, a Land Use Concepts report was prepared, which presented land use concepts for future development and their transporta- tion, infrastructure, and fiscal implications. The concepts presented a range of strategies—Centers, Active Waterfront, and Core Focus—to guide future development, addressing goals for conservation, economic development, and walkable/livable neighborhoods. Environmental Impact Report The General Plan is accompanied by an Environmental Impact Report to inform the community and decision-makers on the environmental implica- tions of the General Plan and a range of potential alternatives. The General Plan is “self-mitigating” in that it includes policies and programs to mitigate adverse impacts of growth. Local Coastal Program Carlsbad includes about 14.4 square miles of land within the state-designated Coastal Zone. The California Coastal Act requires every city and county lying partly or wholly within the Coastal Zone to prepare a Local Coastal Program (LCP). The LCP consists of a coastal Land Use Plan (LUP) and an implementa- tion plan (IP). The LUP serves as the land use plan for the Coastal Zone. Coastal Act §30513 requires that an IP be fully consistent with and adequate to carry out 1-36 City of Carlsbad Introduction & Vision1 the certified LUP. Carlsbad’s LCP is contained in a separate document; the most recent Coastal Commission certified LCP establishes policies and regulations on sites within the Coastal Zone. Other Plans and Implementing Programs The city maintains several specific, area, and master plans. These may cover a specific geographic area, such as the Village; a specific topic, such as bikeways or habitat protection; or facilities, such as parks or sewers. As per state law, these documents, as well as implementing programs such as the Capital Improve- ments Program, are required to be consistent with the General Plan. As a charter city (since 2008), consistency between the General Plan and the Zoning Ordinance is not required; however, this General Plan affirms the city’s com- mitment to maintaining consistency between the two documents. 1.8 Administration of the Plan The General Plan is intended to be a dynamic document. As such, it may be subject to amendments over time to address site-specific or comprehensive needs, to respond to changes in state or federal law, or to modify policies that may become obsolete or unrealistic over time. Amendments to the General Plan While Government Code Section 65358 limits the number of times a general plan element can be amended to four per year, as a charter city Carlsbad is exempt from this limitation. Thus, the City Council may carry out any number of amendments from time to time as it determines to be in the best interest of the community. 2-1 Draft General Plan 2 Land Use and Community Design The Land Use and Community Design (LUCD) Element seeks to enhance the defining attributes of Carlsbad’s identity – a small town with neighborhoods nestled between rolling hills; a beach community with miles of easily accessible beaches, lagoons and trails; and a resident population whose stewardship of the city’s natural assets and active engagement in community activities serve as reminders of the city’s connectedness. This element seeks to activate the ocean waterfront; revitalize the Village and the Barrio; enhance the community’s everyday livability; and reinforce Carlsbad’s position as a premier center of innovation, employment, and commerce. 2-2 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 This element provides a short context for Carlsbad’s existing land use pattern and community design character, and highlights strategies and polices for optimal development patterns. Topics addressed include: • Overall city image, form, and structure (small town “feel”) • Land use vision • Community connectedness; walkability and accessibility • Beach access and activity • Land use designations; density/intensity standards • Likely buildout and jobs/housing balance • Growth management and capacity • Land use and community design policies 2-3 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan 2.1 Introduction Background and Purpose The LUCD Element directs the location, form, and character of future devel- opment, shaping where people will live, work, play, and shop in Carlsbad. It presents the desirable pattern for the ultimate development of the city for the General Plan horizon (year 2035), and seeks to ensure that land use planning reflects the community’s evolution and changing demographics, conserves the natural environment, and promotes synergies between land uses to promote walking, biking, and sustainable lifestyles. The LUCD Element also includes policies for growth management, ensuring that growth is distributed across the community consistent with infrastructure capacity, and that infrastructure and public facilities keep pace with population growth. The LUCD Element consists of narrative goals, policies, and programs, as well as a Land Use map and other figures and maps. It also includes land use designa- tions that describe the uses shown on the Land Use Map. Text and Maps should be considered collectively as project approvals or future amendments are made. Relationship to State Law State law (Government Code Section 65302(a)) requires general plans to include a Land Use Element. In accordance with state law, the LUCD Element desig- nates the general distribution, location and extent of land for housing, business, industry, open space (including agriculture, natural resources, recreation, and enjoyment of scenic beauty), education, public facilities, and other categories of public and private uses of land. It also includes standards of population density and building intensity for the various areas covered by the General Plan. Community Design is not a required element under state law. Community design policies in this element address topics such as the form, character, and quality of development, to advance the community’s desire to enhance Carls- bad’s setting and quality of life. Relationship to Community Vision While the LUCD Element responds to almost all of the core values of the Carlsbad Community Vision, most closely it furthers: Core Value 1: Small Town Feel, Beach Community Character and Connected- ness. Enhance Carlsbad’s defining attributes—its small-town feel and beach community character. Build on the city’s culture of civic engagement, volun- teerism and philanthropy. 2-4 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 Relationship to Other General Plan Elements The LUCD Element has the broadest scope of all the elements and plays the central role of correlating all land use issues into a set of coherent development policies. Other elements of the General Plan contain goals and policies related to land use, and therefore, must be referred to for a complete understanding of the purposes, intentions and development requirements embodied in the Land Use Element. The street system and design, and transportation improvements in the Mobility Element are closely tied to fulfill transportation needs resultant from the land use pattern, while the Noise Element reflects noise generated from resultant traffic. The Open Space, Conservation and Recreation Element outlines policies to achieve the overall open space system depicted on the Land Use Map and establishes policies and standards for recreation facilities to serve the population resulting from residential, employment and visitor serving land uses. Sites identified in the Housing Element reflect residential designations on the Land Use Map. Relationship to Development Code Carlsbad’s codes governing development include the Zoning Ordinance, Environment Ordinance, Subdivisions Ordinance, Grading and Drainage Ordinances, California Building Code, and Fire Prevention Code. These codes regulate development as described below. In addition to these codes, there are other regulations that govern development in the city, including the Local Coastal Program, Habitat Management Plan and McClellan-Palomar Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan, which are discussed in Section 2.5. 1. Zoning Ordinance (Carlsbad Municipal Code, Title 21). This ordinance implements the General Plan by regulating the distribution and intensity of land uses in such categories as residential, commercial, and indus- trial. Regulations establish standards for minimum lot size; building height and setback limits; fence heights; parking; and other develop- ment parameters within each land use. In the event of an inconsistency between the Zoning Ordinance and the General Plan, the General Plan shall prevail. 2. Environment Ordinance (Carlsbad Municipal Code, Title 19). This ordinance provides for enhancement and protection of the environ- ment within the city by establishing principles, criteria, and procedures for evaluating the environmental impacts of development, consistent with the General Plan, and ensures compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). 2-5 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan 3. Subdivisions Ordinance (Carlsbad Municipal Code, Title 20). This ordinance implements Title 7, Division 2 of the California Government Code (Subdivision Map Act), and sets procedures to regulate the division of land. Both the General Plan and the Carlsbad Subdivision Ordinance govern the design of the subdivision, the size of its lots, and the types of improvements that will be required as conditions of approval. 4. Grading and Drainage Ordinances (Carlsbad Municipal Code, Title 15). The purposes of the grading ordinance are to: establish minimum requirements for grading, including clearing and grubbing of vegeta- tion, in a manner intended to protect life and property and promote the general welfare; enhance and improve the physical environment of the community; and preserve, subject to economic feasibility, the natural scenic character of the city. The purposes of the drainage ordinance are to: ensure the timely completion of planned local storm drainage, flood control and water pollution control improvements; and protect and enhance the water quality of the city’s receiving waters and wetlands in a manner pursuant to and consistent with the Clean Water Act and municipal permit. 5. California Building Code (Carlsbad Municipal Code, Title 18). The purpose of this code is to provide standards to safeguard health, property and public welfare by regulating the design, construction, occupancy, and location of buildings within the city. This code is developed by the California Building Standards Commission based on the latest edition of the model codes promulgated by the International Code Council. The State of California also publishes a California Plumbing, Electrical, Mechanical and Energy Code. These California codes for construction are adopted by local jurisdictions throughout California. All residential, industrial and commercial development in the City of Carlsbad must conform to the provisions of these codes. 6. Fire Prevention Code (Carlsbad Municipal Code Title 17). The purpose of this code is to establish the minimum requirements consistent with nationally recognized good practices to safeguard the public health, safety and general welfare from the hazards of fire, explosion or danger- ous conditions in new and existing buildings, structures and premises, and to provide safety and assistance to fire fighters and emergency responders during emergency operations. This code incorporates by ref- erence the California Fire Code, which is developed and updated every three years by the California Building Standards Commission. The city’s Fire Prevention Code also incorporates a number of local amendments necessary to respond to local climatic, geographical, or topographic conditions. 2-6 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 2.2 Context: Existing Land Use Pattern The geographically dominant land use in Carlsbad is single-family residen- tial, with neighborhoods distributed throughout the city. Table 2-1 describes the extent of land uses that exist (on the ground), based on the geographic information systems (GIS) database compiled for the General Plan. Residential uses account for 27 percent of the city’s land area, with the largest share attributable to single-fam- ily homes (20 percent). According to the California Department of Finance 2013 estimates, there are 45,522 residential units in the city (Table 2-2), which consist of 31,650 single-family detached and attached (two-family) units (69.5 percent of the total residential units), 12,807 multi-family units (28 percent) and 1,280 mobile homes (2.8 percent). Non-residential uses, including commercial, industrial and hotels, account for 8 percent of the city’s land area. Commercial and industrial uses are primarily concentrated along Palomar Airport Road. Public and quasi-public uses, including city buildings and utilities, account for 6 percent of the city’s total acreage. As shown in Table 2-2, there are 14.9 million square feet of industrial and research and development/flex space, and 5.6 million square feet of office space. Hotels are scattered throughout the city, taking advantage of freeway access, the airport and proximity to major activity and employment centers, including LEGOLAND, beaches, lagoons, golf courses, the Village, and business parks. Natural vegetation remains in and around the three lagoons and on the higher, steeper-sloped, inland portions of the city. In fact, open space uses constitute the largest proportion of land use in the city. Eight percent of the city’s land area is used for parks and recreation, 4 percent for agriculture and 25 percent as other open space or natural areas. Nine percent of land is undeveloped or vacant (this excludes the undeveloped areas designated as open space). Although some of the vacant land is available for development, some sections may not be developable due to site constraints, such as steep slopes or natural habitat that is protected pursuant to the city’s Habitat Management Plan (HMP). For detailed discussion regarding existing land use patterns and issues, see Envision Carlsbad Working Paper 6: Small Town Feel, Beach Community Character and Connectedness; Neighborhood Revitalization, Community Design and Livability. 2-7 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan TaBLE 2–1: EXISTING (2012) LaND USES LAND USE ACRES PERCENT OF TOTAL Residential 6,797 27% Spaced Rural Residential 87 <1% Single Family Detached 5,084 20% Single Family Attached (two-family)646 3% Mobile Homes 180 <1% Multi-Family 800 3% Commercial/Industrial 2,104 8% Shopping Centers 131 <1% Hotel, Motel, Resort 223 <1% Commercial 326 1% Office 270 1% Industrial 1,154 5% Public/Quasi-Public Total 1,415 6% Education/Institutional 485 2% Transportation, Communication, Utilities 930 4% agriculture/Open Space/Recreation 9,252 37% Agriculture 935 4% Open Space 6,243 25% Recreation 2,074 8% Others 5,453 22% Undeveloped/Vacant 2,218 9% ROW 3,235 13% GRaND TOTaL 25,021 100% Percentages may not add up due to rounding. Planned land uses, such as open space, may differ from existing land uses shown in this table. In addition, some “undeveloped/vacant” land may have been developed since the date of SANDAG’s data, and some “under construction” may have been completed. Sources: SANDAG, 2008; City of Carlsbad Planning Department, 2011; Dyett & Bhatia, 2012 TaBLE 2–2: EXISTING INVENTORY OF RESIDENTIaL aND NON-RESIDENTIaL USES UNITS/SQUARE FEET Residential (Units)45,5221 Single-Family and Two-Family 31,6501 Multi-Family 12,5921 Mobile Homes 1,280 Non-Residential (square feet/hotel rooms)24,373,400 Industrial and R&D/Flex Inventory 14,910,100 Office-Inventory 5,622,700 Retail 3,840,600 Hotel Rooms 3,600 1 Includes dwelling units that are not counted for Growth Management purposes (i.e., second dwelling units commercial living units); as of 2013, 44,440 dwelling units exist for the purposes of the Growth Management dwelling unit limitations described in Section 2.7. Sources: Residential: California Department of Finance, 2013. Non-Residential: Colliers International (Q2 2010) and City of Carlsbad Plan-ning Department (Envision Carlsbad Working Paper 6). 2-8 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 2.3 Vision and Strategies Overall City Image, Form, and Structure Rolling hills and other natural features and built infrastructure frame Carls- bad’s physical form, affecting development opportunities and the circulation network. Natural areas and open spaces include lagoons and the ocean, hillsides, habitats, and parks. The coastline and beaches are prominent visual amenities that offer beautiful views and recreation opportunities. The railroad and Interstate-5 traverse the city lengthwise and are located one-quarter- and one- half-mile, respectively, from the ocean. The only major north-south roads are Carlsbad Boulevard (along the coast) and El Camino Real (approximately two and one-half miles east of the coast), while six major roads traverse east-west. Interspersed between the natural features and this infrastructure are clusters of urban uses – the airport and the adjacent employment core at the geographic center of the community, surrounded by residential neighborhoods, shopping centers, hotels, and other uses. The northwest area of Carlsbad, generally north of Palomar Airport Road and west of El Camino Real, represents the original area of the city’s incorporation in 1952; at the time, the city included a commer- cial center (the Village) and the city’s original neighborhoods, which were built on a grid street system and primarily located west of Interstate-5 and north of Tamarack Avenue. Following incorporation in 1952, the city grew slowly until the 1980s when development rapidly expanded outward to the east and south in a dispersed urban form, resulting in the Village being located more than five miles from neighborhoods in the southern part of the city. (See Figure 1-2: City Evolution) Looking ahead, the Carlsbad Community Vision core value of Small Town Feel, Beach Community Character, and Connectedness expresses a desire to reinforce the defining attributes of the city’s identity. When juxtaposed onto the physical landscape, this means maintaining Carlsbad’s image of a small town where neighborhoods are nestled between rolling hills; a beach community with miles of easily accessible beaches, lagoons and trails; and a resident pop- ulation whose stewardship of the city’s natural assets and active engagement in community activities serve as reminders of the city’s connectedness. The General Plan seeks to ensure that Carlsbad’s small-town “feel” will be main- tained through the scale of development, and promotes planning practices that foster greater connections between neighborhoods and uses. Appropriately- scaled development will ensure that mature trees and expansive open spaces dominate much of the city’s landscape, with clustered opportunities for urban- scaled development. Rolling hills, beaches, lagoons, and built infrastructure frame Carls-bad’s physical form. 2-9 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan Land Use Vision The General Plan guides Carlsbad’s evolution toward an increasingly balanced community, with a full range and variety of land uses, housing for all income groups and lifestyles, and places for businesses large and small. Much of Carlsbad—outside of the Village and the Barrio—was developed in an auto-centric era, with separation between uses. Looking ahead, the community envisions a future in which there is a greater mix of uses, density is linked to public transportation, and services are available closer to existing neighbor- hoods. The General Plan also seeks revitalization of older neighborhoods. While much of the city will not change in the coming years, a mix of activities in strategic locations in closer proximity to one another, rather than isolated single uses, will reduce distances to destinations. The General Plan also encourages development of housing and activities near public transportation and services, as well as appropriate opportunities for vertical mixed-use development (such as housing or offices above retail) in the Village and mixed-use centers. Recre- ation facilities will be developed closer to or within existing neighborhoods, and new neighborhood-scale services will be provided in convenient and sensible locations compatible with the surrounding residential uses. These approaches will accommodate growth while protecting open space, community character, and quality of life, and recognizing that change may be limited in established neighborhoods. The General Plan combines an active waterfront strategy with development of pedestrian-oriented shopping centers in strategic locations throughout the city, while maintaining the employment core in the Palomar Airport area: • The active waterfront strategy will enable new development along or close to the ocean coastline, along with a new public promenade and open spaces, enabling residences, restaurants, hotels, and other uses to be close to the ocean. • The neighborhood-centers strategy will result in pedestrian-oriented shopping centers that are located to maximize accessibility from residen- tial neighborhoods. Where appropriate, these centers would also include high and medium density housing surrounding the retail uses or inte- grated in mixed-use buildings. • The employment strategy for the Palomar Airport area will result in con- tinued growth as the employment center of the city with residential uses in appropriate locations, enabling workers to live close to jobs. 2-10 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 Beach access and activity The ocean and the beaches are some of Carlsbad’s principal physical assets, giving the city its identity, and providing opportunities for recreation and scenic vistas from streets and buildings. Connections between the built form and the city’s beaches and long coastline suggest a slower pace of life, project- ing a “village by the sea” character that community members relish. However, the beach is difficult to access—in the Village, access to the beach is limited and often found along narrow stairways between residences that front the beach; connection from the Barrio to the beach is cutoff by the railroad tracks. From other neighborhoods east of I-5, accessing the beach can require circuitous travel along the limited number of east-west connections. The waterfront also lacks activities and uses, such as restaurants, cafés, stores, entertainment, and visitor uses that would serve as a draw and enhance the community’s enjoyment of the city’s waterfront location. Through the Envision Carlsbad process, the community expressed an over- whelming preference for an active waterfront development strategy, which provides opportunities for activities and uses to be more integrated with the ocean. Implementation of the General Plan will ensure that residents and visitors will enjoy more opportunities for dining, shopping, and recreating along the coastline. Access to the beach will be enhanced through new pedes- trian and bicycle connections, additional visitor commercial uses, open space, parking, and amenities such as showers and bathrooms. Community Connectedness Despite its geographic size, Carlsbad has a small town feel and is family-ori- ented, progressive, multi-generational, and stable. Residents share a community spirit and culture of volunteerism and philanthropy, making relationships one of the most valuable aspects about the Carlsbad community. Community members value the cultural acceptance and diversity in the city, and the way old and new lifestyles come together. The majority of Carlsbad’s employment, shopping and visitor facilities are only accessible by car, which precludes walking or bicycling to nearby services and amenities—a common small-town quality. In general, the city’s past land use policies have favored these larger, car-oriented shopping centers over smaller, neighborhood-serving commercial uses. This General Plan seeks to establish a physically more knitted community, which in turn would foster social connections. Coastal access and trail along the railroad corridor. 2-11 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan Walkability and accessibility Community input during the Envision Carlsbad process emphasized the desire for enhanced walkability in the city by providing services and amenities closer to where people live, by providing more walking routes and by making existing routes safer and more appealing. Particularly in older neighborhoods such as the Village and Barrio, community members walk to services, to and from school, utilizing the grid network of streets and sidewalks. While some new neighborhoods, such as Bressi Ranch, have been designed from the ground up with pedestrian-oriented neighbor- hood centers and a gridded street network, walkability remains a challenge in much of the rest of the city because of the dispersed, low-density development pattern that emphasizes separation of uses, and widely spaced streets. In the residential neighborhoods nestled in hillsides, walkability is more challenging, with hilly topography, fewer routes and longer distances to cover. This General Plan promotes a multilayered strategy to promote walkability and accessibility: • A greater mix and integration of uses in different parts of the community. • Designation of commercial centers —with residential uses allowed on or near these sites—to provide essential commercial services closer to residents. • New and enhanced pedestrian orientation between neighborhoods and between new shopping centers and adjacent neighborhoods, with devel- opment designed to foster greater pedestrian convenience and comfort. Pedestrian-attracting land uses include the Village commercial areas and the coastline. 2-12 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 2.4 Land Use Designations and Density/Intensity Standards Land Use Designations The following descriptions apply to land use designations shown with color, shade, or symbol on Figure 2-1 Land Use. The designations in this section represent adopted city policy. They are meant to be broad enough to give the city flexibility in implementing the General Plan, but clear enough to provide suffi- cient direction regarding the expected type, location and relation of land uses planned in the city. The City’s Zoning Ordinance contains more detailed pro- visions and standards. More than one zoning district may be consistent with a single General Plan land use designation. As specified in the Zoning Ordinance, all land use designations may include public facilities, such as community centers, city libraries, and parks and open spaces. Residential Residential land use designations are established to provide for development of a full range of housing types. Densities are stated as number of dwelling units per net acre of developable land—that is, parcel area exclusive of area subject to development constraints, as described later in this section. Residential develop- ment is required to be within the density range (both maximum and minimum) specified in the applicable designation, unless otherwise stated in this element. Growth management policies, as specified in this element, and develop- ment standards established in the Zoning Ordinance may limit attainment of maximum densities. Residential density shall not include second dwelling units permitted by the Zoning Ordinance. Residential density is applied to overall parcel area, excluding land that is unde- velopable (as described later in this section) and, in mixed-use developments, excluding area devoted to non-residential uses; clustering is permitted in all residential designations to encourage open space conservation and preserva- tion of natural topography; this may result in portions of a site developed at a density higher than the applicable density range, which is acceptable as long as the density for the overall net development site is not exceeded. Allowable resi- dential densities are shown in Table 2-3. For some residential designations, housing types are specified in addition to density; in such cases development should be of the specified type. Regardless, if clustering is used to enhance open space conservation or reduce the need for grading, the city may permit housing types other than those specified, subject to specific review requirements. 2-13 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan R-1.5 Residential Areas intended to be developed with detached single-family dwellings on parcels one-half acre or larger, at a density between 0 to 1.5 dwelling units per acre. The typical housing type will be detached single-family (one dwelling per lot); however, on sites containing sensitive biological resources, as identified in the Carlsbad Habitat Management Plan, development may be clustered on smaller lots and may consist of more than one detached single-family dwelling on a lot, two-family dwellings (two attached dwellings, including one unit above the other) or multi-family dwellings (three or more attached dwellings), subject to specific review and community design requirements. R-4 Residential Areas intended to be developed with detached single-family dwellings at a density between 0 to 4 dwelling units per acre. The typical housing type will be detached single-family (one dwelling per lot); however, on sites containing sensitive biological resources, as identified in the Carlsbad Habitat Manage- ment Plan, development may be clustered on smaller lots and may consist of more than one detached single-family dwelling on a lot, two-family dwellings (two attached dwellings, including one unit above the other) or multi-fam- ily dwellings (three or more attached dwellings), subject to specific review and community design requirements. R-8 Residential Areas intended to be developed with housing at a density between 4 to 8 dwelling units per acre. Housing types may include detached single-family dwellings (one or more dwellings per lot), two-family dwellings (two attached dwellings, including one unit above the other) and multi-family dwellings (three or more attached dwellings). R-15 Residential Areas intended to be developed with housing at a density between 8 to 15 dwelling units per acre. Housing types may include two-family dwellings (two attached dwellings, including one unit above the other) and multi-family dwellings (three or more attached dwellings); detached single-family dwellings may be permitted on small lots or when developed as two or more units on one lot, subject to specific review and community design requirements. R-23 Residential Areas intended to be developed with housing at a density between 15 to 23 dwelling units per acre. Housing types may include two-family dwellings (two attached dwellings, including one unit above the other) and multi-family dwellings (three or more attached dwellings); detached single-family dwellings may be permitted when developed as two or more units on one lot, subject to specific review and community design requirements. NewSingle- family and multi-family housing development in Carlsbad. 2-14 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 R-30 Residential Areas intended to be developed with housing at a density between 23 to 30 dwelling units per acre. Housing types may include two-family dwellings (two attached dwellings, including one unit above the other) and multi-family dwellings (three or more attached dwellings); detached single-family dwellings may be permitted when developed as two or more units on one lot, subject to specific review and community design requirements. Non-Residential and Mixed Use Village (V) This designation applies to the heart of “old” Carlsbad, in the area sometimes also referred to as the “downtown.” Retail stores, offices, financial institutions, restaurants, visitor-serving facilities, residential uses, as well as mixed uses are permitted. The Village Area is regulated by the Carlsbad Village Master Plan and Design Manual. Local Shopping Center (L) This designation includes shopping centers with tenants that serve the daily needs of the surrounding local neighborhoods, as described in Table 2-4. Uses that are more community serving in nature, as well as mixed use (neighbor- hood serving commercial uses and residential dwellings), may also be allowed. General Commercial (GC) This designation includes sites that provide general commercial uses that may be neighborhood serving and/or serve a broader area of the community than local shopping centers. Sites with this designation may be developed with a stand-alone general commercial use, two or more general commercial uses, or mixed use (general commercial uses and residential dwellings), as described in Table 2-4. Regional Commercial (R) This designation includes shopping centers with anchor and secondary tenants that are region-serving, as well as mixed use (regional commercial uses and resi- dential dwellings), as described in Table 2-4. Visitor Commercial (VC) This designation is intended to provide sites for commercial uses that serve the travel and recreation needs of visitors and residents, as described in Table 2-4. Office (O) This designation provides for a wide range of general office, medical, and other professional uses. Ancillary commercial uses are also permitted. Village mixed uses, and commer-cial center with outdoor dining. 2-15 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 L VC PI/O R-30 R-23R-15 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 P OS ME LRO S E DR A L G A R D RANCHO SANTAFERDL A C O S T A AVE EL CAMI NOR E A L LA COSTA AVE SANDI EGONORTHERNRRCARLSBADBLVDPO IN SET T I A LNPALOMA R A IR P ORT RD CAM IN O VIDA RO BLE AVIARA P K WYP O IN S E T T I A LN PA LOMAR AIRPORT RD EL CAMINO REAL T A M A RA C K A VE ELCAMI NOREALT A M ARACKAVECOL L E GEBLVDM A RRON R D C A RLSB A D V ILLAGED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78 B ATI QUITOS D R ELFUER TEST CFALICANTERD CA M J U NI PEROCALLEACERVOC A DENCIASTAMBROSIALNCHESTNUTAV C A L L E B A R C E L ONA HILLSID E DR R-8 OS OS OS F ARA D A Y A VECAN N O N R DCity of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiq u i to s Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena VistaLagoon CalaveraLake Maerkle Reservoir P a c i c O c e a n City of Oceanside CF GC L OS P R-1.5 R-15 R-23VC R-8 R-8P P R-4 R-23 R-15 R-30 L R-8 R-4 OS R-15 R-15 R-4 R-15 R-23 R-4 R-8 P R V R-15/VC R OS P R-4 R-4 R-15 R-1.5 R-8 OS OS PP P R-1.5 R-4 R-4 R-8 L R-15 R-23 R-23 VC R-15 R-4 R-8 R-1.5 R-8 OS GC R-8 R-8 R-4 R-8 L P P P P R-4 OS R-4 R-4 R-23 R-8R-15 R-4 GC OSR-30 GC VC VC R-8 OS R-4 R-8 R-8 R-8 R-4 OS R-4 R-8 R-23R-30 O R-8 OS VC VC VC R-8 R-8 R-4 R-4 R-8 R-8 P R-15R-8 R-4 R-15 P P L R-23 R-30 PIPI PI R-8 R-4 R-4 R-4 R-4 OS R-8 R-4 O PI PI POS OS O R-8 R-23 R-4 R-1.5 OS OS OSR-4 R-8 R-4 R-8R-8 R-8 R-23 R-8 R-23 O CF R-23O GC OS OS PI/O P L GC R-15 R-1.5 R-4 P R-8 R-15 R-4 R-8 R-15 R-8 P R-1.5 R-30PI RPGC VC R-15 VC VC PI R-4 VC/OS R PI R VC VC PI OS VCP R-4 R-15 R-8 R-15 R-23 CF R-4 R-8 OS R-4R-4 R-4 R-1.5 R-15 R-8 R-4 R-30R-15 R-8 P L R-4 R-4 R-8 R-23 OS OS P R-4 R-4 R-8 R-4 R-15R-8 R-4 PI/OP GCR-15 R-4 P P R-15 R-8OS R-4 R-4 P R-4 R-8 R-23 R-8 P PP R L R-8 O R-15 R-23 R-23 CF CF CF R-4R-15 R-8 P OS R-4 OS OS R-15 R-4 R-23 OSVC P R - 1 5 R- 2 3 R-30 R-15P VC R-30 R-15 R-4 R-4 R-15 OS P VC LR-23 R-15 R-8 VCR-8R-15 R-15R-23 R-15 R-4 O O P OS R-8 R-4 R - 8 OSOS R-23 R-8 O PI VC OOGCR-8O VC VC R-23 R-4 R-8 R-4 VC R-23R-8 R-15 R-4 R-4 R-8R-8 R-4 R-15 GCO O O R-4 P P R-30 O R-23R-15CF P CF PI PI GC R-15 R-4 P R-15 R-8 R-4 R-4VCR-8 R-23 R-8 R-8R-15 R-8R-4R-8 R-4 R-4R-4 R-4 R-15 L R-4 R-4 R-15 R-4 R-4 R-8 R-4 R-1.5 O R-1.5 OS OS OS OS OS OS OS R-4 R-4 R-4 P OS OS OS OS R-8 R-8 R-4 Coastal Zone Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad Lagoons Right of Way City Limits Airport Inue nce Area Review Area 1 Review Area 2 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. R-1.5 Residential 0-1.5 du/ac R-4 Residential 0-4 du/ac R-8 Residential 4-8 du/ac R-15 Residential 8-15 du/ac R-15/VC Residential 8-15 du/ac/Visitor Comm. R-23 Residential 15-23 du/ac R-30 Residential 23-30 du/ac V Village L Local Shopping Center GC General Commercial VC Visitor Commercial VC/OS Visitor Commercial/Open Space R Regional Commercial PI Planned Industrial PI/O Planned Industrial/Ofce O Ofce P Public CF Community Facilities OS Open Space TC Transportation Corridor Figure 2-1 Land Use Plan GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Figure 2-1: Land Use Map 2-17 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan Planned Industrial (PI) This designation is intended to provide and protect industrial lands primarily for corporate office, research and development (R&D) and manufacturing uses. Ancillary commercial uses are also permitted. Public (P) This designation is intended to provide for schools, government facilities (civic buildings, libraries, maintenance yards, police and fire stations), public/quasi- public utilities, airport sites, and other facilities that have a public/quasi-public character. Open Space (OS) This designation includes natural resource areas (e.g. habitat, nature preserves, wetlands); areas for production of resources (e.g., agriculture, aquaculture, and water reservoirs); recreation and aesthetic areas (e.g., parks, beaches, greenways, trails, campgrounds, golf courses, and buffers between land uses); and open space for public safety (e.g., steep slopes, floodplains, bluffs). Community Facilities This designation is intended to provide community-serving facilities, such as child-care centers, places of worship, and youth and senior citizen centers. Transportation Corridor This designation is applied to major transportation corridors such as the Inter- state-5 Freeway and the North San Diego County Transit District railroad and its right-of-way. Density and Intensity Standards The General Plan establishes density and intensity standards for various locations in Carlsbad by land use type. Table 2-3 presents a summary of these standards. Density—the number of people or dwelling units in a given area—and intensity—measured as the amount of floor space in a given area—have impli- cations in terms of community character as well as traffic generated and public facility impacts. It is a fundamental topic for land use planning, especially in a community that has limited available land and wants to preserve remaining open spaces. Allowable Density and Development Constraints Constraints due to environmental and physical factors reduce the potential for development on some sites. Potential constraints include locations within existing or proposed Habitat Management Plan (HMP) hardline conservation areas; existing or proposed HMP standards areas; 100-year flood zones; airport Open space and community facility. 2-18 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 TaBLE 2–3: DENSITY aND INTENSITY STaNDaRDS LAND USE DESIGNATION LABEL RESIDENTIAL DENSITY RANGE (MINIMUM TO MAXIMUM DWELLING UNITS/ACRE) GROWTH MANAGEMENT CONTROL POINT DENSITY1 (DWELLING UNITS/ACRE) RESIDENTIAL DENSITY USED IN THE HOUSING ELEMENT2 (DWELLING UNITS/ACRE) MAXIMUM PERMITTED FAR Residential R-1.5 Residential R-1.5 0 to 1.5 1 1 – R-4 Residential R-4 0 to 4 3.2 3.2 – R-8 Residential R-8 4 to 8 6 4 – R-15 Residential R-15 8 to 15 11.5 8 – R-23 Residential R-23 15 to 23 19 15 – R-30 Residential R-30 23 to 30 25 23 – Non-Residential and Mixed Use Local Shopping Center L 15-30 –15 1.01 General Commercial GC 15-30 –15 0.52 Regional Commercial R 15-30 –15 0.52 Visitor Commercial VR ––0.5 Village V District 1-4: 28-35 –District 1-4: 28 1.23 District 5-9: 18-23 –District 5-9: 18 Office O ––0.6 Planned Industrial PI ––0.5 1 Residential development shall not be approved above this density, except as provided for by Policy 2-P.8 of this element. See Section 2.7 of this element for more information on Growth Management. 2 Residential development shall not be approved below this density, except as provided for by Policy 2-P.7 of this element. 3 Combined residential and non-residential FAR 4 Non-residential only. No separate combined residential and non-residential FAR 5 Inclusive of residential uses, where the maximum FAR for non-residential uses is 0.65 A visitor commercial use. 2-19 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan TaBLE 2–4: CHaRaCTERISTICS OF COMMERCIaL LaND USES TYPE OF COMMERCIAL LAND USE LOCAL SHOPPING CENTER GENERAL COMMERCIAL REGIONAL SHOPPING CENTER VISITOR COMMERCIAL REQUIRED OF ALL LOCAL SHOPPING CENTERS POSSIBLE ADDITIONAL OPTION Primary Trade Area Focus Local neighborhood Community- serving Local neighborhood and/or community- serving Regional Visitor-serving Anchor Tenants (examples) Provides daily goods - supermarket, large drug store Department stores, apparel stores, specialty- goods store, home improvement store, entertainment uses Wholesale products, department stores, home improvement stores, offices, motels/hotels, entertainment uses, retail goods and commercial services. May be a stand- alone use. Full-line department stores (2 or more), factory outlet center, “power center” of several high- volume retail uses, including general merchandise, automobile sales, apparel, furniture, home furnishings, etc. Hotel/motel, restaurant, recreation facilities, museums, travel support services, specialty food/ retail , and visitor-serving retail and entertainment uses. May be a stand-alone use. Secondary Tenants (examples) Restaurants, small neighborhood serving retail and offices, personal grooming services, gas station, cleaners Retail, commercial services, public facilities (i.e. library, post office) Secondary tenants not required Full range of specialty retail, restaurants, entertainment, convenience stores, service facilities, business and professional offices Secondary tenants not required Mixed Use – Commercial and Residential (optional) N/A See note 1 See note 1 See note 1 Not Permitted Site Size (acres)8 – 20 To 30 Varies 30 – 100 Varies Gross Lease Area 60,000 – 150,000 (sq. ft.) Up to 400,000 (sq. ft.) Varies 300,000 to 1.5 million (sq. ft.) Varies Primary Trade Area Drive Time 5 – 10 minutes 10 – 20 minutes 5 – 20 minutes 20 – 30 minutes Varies Primary Trade Area Radius 1.5 miles 3 – 5 miles 3 to 5 miles 8 – 12 miles Varies Primary Trade Area Population 10,000 – 40,000 people 40,000 – 150,000 people Up to 150,000 150,000+ people Varies 1 Residential dwellings are allowed as a secondary use at a minimum density of 15 dwelling units per acre (based on 25 percent of developable acreage). 2-20 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 safety zones and noise impact areas; and areas that have steep slopes (defined as over 25 percent). The following lands shall be excluded from density calcu- lations, except for (j) and (k); and are considered undevelopable, except for (d): a. Beaches; b. Permanent bodies of water; c. Floodways; d. Fifty percent of natural slopes with an inclination greater than 25 percent (this does not apply to slopes meeting the criteria of (e)); e. Natural slopes with an inclination greater than 40 percent; f. Significant wetlands; g. Significant riparian or woodland habitats; h. Land subject to major power transmission easements; i. Railroad track beds; j. Land upon which other significant environmental features are located, as determined by the environmental review process for a project; and k. Habitat preserve areas as identified in the city’s HMP. No residential development shall occur on the lands listed above; however, the City Council may permit limited development of such property, if when con- sidering the property as a whole, the prohibition against development would constitute an unconstitutional deprivation of property. Slope and habitat are two of several constraints that reduce development potential on many sites. 2-21 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan 2.5 Buildout and Jobs/Housing Balance Potential Buildout With the city approaching “built out” and the preservation of open space a priority, undeveloped land available for development is limited. Vacant sites exist throughout the city, but many of these sites are small, irregular in shape, or otherwise constrained due to natural or physical features (such as steep slope) that render development difficult. Therefore, much of the city’s future develop- ment will come from expanded development on sites with existing structures or redevelopment of sites and structures that come to the end of their useful life over the next 25 years. Likely development under the General Plan is referred to as buildout. The General Plan has a 2035 horizon; however, the plan does not specify or antici- pate when buildout will occur, as long-range demographic and economic trends are difficult to predict. The designation of a site for a certain use also does not necessarily mean that the site will be developed or redeveloped with that use during the planning period, as most development will depend on property owner initiative. Table 2-5 shows potential development resulting from application of land uses shown on the Land Use Map on vacant and underutilized sites, according to analysis undertaken for this General Plan. This includes pipeline develop- ment—that is, development already permitted but not yet built. Table 2-6 shows existing and total development by broad categories. As shown in the tables, the Land Use Map provides for 52,320 dwelling units at buildout of the General Plan (see Section 1.4 of the General Plan Introduction), which is an increase of 18 percent (7,880 dwelling units) compared to the existing inventory of 44,440 dwelling units (as of 2013). Commercial, industrial, and hotel devel- opment is projected to increase in higher proportions (56 percent, 31 percent, and 66 percent respectively), while office development is expected to increase more modestly (14 percent); at buildout, Carlsbad is projected to have approx- imately 6.0 million square feet of commercial space, 6.4 million square feet of office space, 19.5 million square feet of industrial space, and 5,960 hotel rooms. Buildout Population Between 2000 and 2013, Carlsbad population increased by just one person shy of 30,000, at an average annual growth rate of 2.5 percent , while the county as a whole grew at a much slower rate (0.9 percent). At buildout, Carlsbad’s popu- lation is projected to increase by approximately 22,906 to 131,152, for an average annual growth rate of 0.9 percent. Table 2-7 shows Carlsbad’s existing (2013) and buildout population. With the county growing at a somewhat slower pace, Carlsbad’s share of county population is expected to increase slightly, from 3.4 percent in 2013 to 3.6 percent at buildout. 2-22 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 TaBLE 2–5: ESTIMaTED NEW DEVELOPMENT BY QUaDRaNT (TO BUILDOUT1) QUADRANT RESIDENTIAL (DWELLING UNITS)2 COMMERCIAL (SQ FT) OFFICE (SQ FT) INDUSTRIAL (SQ FT) HOTEL ROOMS Northwest 2,869 1,063,200 96,600 478,700 1,270 Northeast 3,1093 203,600 421,200 2,606,900 – Southwest 1,361 480,100 240,900 380,800 1,010 Southeast 541 385,300 19,800 1,134,000 80 Total 7,8803 2,132,200 778,500 4,600,400 2,360 1. The dwelling unit and building area numbers in this table are estimates; site/project-specific analysis will determine the actual development potential of individual project sites. 2. Excludes second dwelling units and commercial living units, which are not counted for purposes of the city’s Growth Management dwelling unit limitations as described in Section 2.7. 3. The total number of new residential dwelling units shown in this table is 327 dwelling units fewer than the total units yielded by the proposed new residential sites shown on the Land Use Map in the northeast quadrant. During the city’s public hearing process to adopt this General Plan, residential land use designation changes proposed in the northeast quadrant will need to be modified (reduced by a minimum of 327 units) to ensure the Growth Management dwelling unit cap (see Section 2.7) for said quadrant is not exceeded. Information in this table and other sec- tions of the General Plan will be updated to reflect the land use plan adopted by the city. Sources: City of Carlsbad, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. TaBLE 2–6: ESTIMaTED TOTaL DEVELOPMENT RESIDENTIAL (DWELLING UNITS)1 COMMERCIAL (SQ FT) OFFICE (SQ FT) INDUSTRIAL (SQ FT) HOTEL ROOMS Existing Development 44,440 3,840,600 5,622,700 14,910,100 3,600 New Development 7,880 2,132,200 778,500 4,600,400 2,360 TOTaL FUTURE 52,320 5,972,800 6,401,200 19,510,500 5,960 1 Excludes second dwelling units and commercial living units, which are not counted for purposes of the city’s Growth Management dwelling unit limitations described in Section 2.7. Sources: Existing residential units as of 2013. Existing non-residential development as of 2010. 2-23 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan Jobs-Housing Balance Jobs-housing balance refers to the condition in which a single community offers an equal supply of jobs and housing, which theoretically would reduce the need for people to commute in or out of town for work. In reality, the match of education, skills and interests is not always accommodated within the bound- aries of one community. Still, a jobs-housing balance and matching workforce needs to availability of housing types and prices can discourage commute travel. To measure a community’s jobs-housing balance, it is typical to look at employed residents rather than housing units. A jobs to employed residents ratio of 1.0 would indicate parity between jobs and housing, although because of regional inter-dependencies, inter-city commuting will still result. Table 2-8 shows existing and projected jobs to employed residents ratio for Carlsbad. Precise information on the current ratio is difficult to firmly establish, as SANDAG estimates and projects a “jobs to housing” ratio rather than jobs to employed residents ratio. However, using SANDAG’s 2008 estimate of jobs in Carlsbad and the American Community Survey’s employed residents numbers averaged over the years 2007 to 2011, Carlsbad’s jobs to employed residents ratio in 2008-2009 was about 1.30. Based on development projected under the General Plan, this ratio is expected to be relatively constant increasing very slightly to 1.40, without accounting for aging population. Regional projections indicate that San Diego’s population between ages 15 and 69 is expected to decline from 73 percent presently to 67 percent in 2035. If the same proportionate change in employed residents were to result then the jobs to employed residents ratio would increase to 1.51. TaBLE 2–7: ESTIMaTED BUILDOUT POPULaTION1 2000 2013 2013 SHARE OF COUNTY ANNUAL GROWTH RATE 2035 BUILDOUT POPULATION SHARE OF COUNTY ANNUAL GROWTH RATE Carlsbad 78,247 108,246 3.4%2.5% 131,152 3.6%0.9% San Diego County 2,813,833 3,150,178 100%0.9%3,640,255 100%0.7% 1 See Section 1.4 of the General Plan Introduction for information regarding buildout assumptions. Sources: US Census, 2000; California Department of Finance, 2013; SANDAG 2050 Regional Growth Forecast; Dyett & Bhatia 2013. TaBLE 2–8: JOBS/EMPLOYED RESIDENTS’ BaLaNCE ESTIMATED 2008-2009 2035 BUILDOUT BUILDOUT WITH LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION DECLINE WITH AGING POPULATION Jobs 61,999 85,216 85,216 Employed Residents 47,628 61,011 56,529 Jobs/Employed Residents 1.30 1.40 1.51 Sources: Jobs 2008 from SANDAG. Employed Residents 2007-2011 from American Community Survey. 2035 jobs and employed residents projected by Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. 2-24 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 2.6 Growth Management Housing Unit Limitation and Concurrent Public Facilities Planning In the mid-1980s, the city was experiencing an era of rapid growth, which raised community concerns about how growth would affect quality of life—the com- munity’s “small town” identify, open space, natural habitat, and the adequacy of public facilities to serve new growth. In July 1986, to address these concerns, the city adopted the Growth Management Plan, which was ratified by voter approval of Proposition E in November 1986. The Growth Management Plan requires adequate public facilities be provided concurrent with new growth. To ensure this, the Growth Management Plan identifies performance standards for 11 public facilities – city administration, library, wastewater treatment, parks, drainage, circulation, fire, open space, schools, sewer collection, and water distribution. The facility performance standards were based on the city’s residential dwelling unit capacity (existing and future units), which in 1986 was estimated to be 54,599 dwelling units. Through Proposition E, voters limited the number of dwelling units in the city to the 54,599 dwelling unit estimate. As shown in Table 2-9, Proposition E estab- lished a maximum number of dwelling units that could be built after November 4, 1986 in each of the city’s four quadrants, which are located along El Camino Real and Palomar Airport Road. Table 2-9 also shows the estimated number of dwelling units that existed in November 1986 and the estimated total units allowed in each quadrant and citywide. Pursuant to Proposition E, the city cannot approve any General Plan amendment, zone change, subdivision map or other discretionary permit that could result in residential development that exceeds the dwelling unit limit in each quadrant. To increase the Proposition E dwelling unit limit in any city quadrant requires approval by Carlsbad voters. Table 2-9 shows the dwelling units by city quadrant that will result from the General Plan. Residential land uses have been carefully analyzed to ensure that the residential dwelling units resulting from this General Plan will not exceed the number of units allowed by the Growth Management Plan (citywide and in each quadrant). Pursuant to state law and city regulations, second dwelling units and commercial living units are not counted as dwellings for the purposes of Growth Manage- ment. California Government Code Section 65852.2 states that second dwelling units shall not be considered in the application of any local ordinance, policy or program that limits residential growth. In regard to commercial living units (e.g., professional care facilities, hotels and time-shares), Carlsbad Municipal Code Section 21.04.093 states that such units are not considered dwelling units due to the assistance/services provided in conjunction with the living unit and/or the 2-25 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan use of the living unit for temporary lodging. In addition, pursuant to the city’s Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan, hotels, time-shares and units that are not defined as a dwelling unit in the building code are not counted as dwelling units for purposes of Growth Management. Compliance with the Growth Management Plan occurs through the Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan, which identifies the performance standards for each of the 11 public facilities, divides the city into 25 local facility man- agement zones (LFMZ) and identifies the city’s ultimate public facility needs. A local facilities management plan identifies the public facility needs for each LFMZ. Individual development projects must comply with the Citywide Facili- ties and Improvement Plan and the applicable local facilities management plan, which ensures that adequate public facilities are provided concurrent with development. Density Control Points and Excess Units To manage compliance with Growth Management dwelling unit limitations, the City Council established Growth Management Control Point (GMCP) densities for all residential land use designations in the city (for example, for the R-4 land use designation, the GMCP density is 3.2 dwelling units per acre). All residential development must, on average, not exceed the GMCP densities. When development occurs below the GMCP, the “excess” number of units (dif- ference between the potential number of units at the GMCP density and the number of units built) are available for other residential developments that provide affordable housing, to enable them to be constructed at a density that exceeds the GMCP density. TaBLE 2–9: PROPOSITION E – GROWTH MaNaGEMENT QUADRANT ESTIMATED EXISTING UNITS IN NOV. 1986 PROP. E MAX. UNITS ALLOWED AFTER NOV. 4, 1986 GROWTH MANAGEMENT DWELLING UNIT CAP ESTIMATE1 ESTIMATED DWELLING UNITS AT GENERAL PLAN CAPACITY1 Northwest 9,526 5,844 15,370 15,097 Northeast 2,876 6,166 9,042 9,0422 Southwest 2,192 10,677 12,859 11,512 Southeast 6,527 10,801 17,328 16,669 CITYWIDE 21,121 33,478 54,599 52,320 1 Excludes second dwelling units and commercial living units, which are not counted for purposes of the city’s Growth Management dwelling unit limitations, as described above. 2 The proposed new residential sites shown on the Land Use Map in the northeast quadrant would result in a higher residential unit capacity than the Growth Management dwelling unit cap for that quadrant. During the city’s public hearing process to adopt this General Plan, residential land use designation changes proposed in the northeast quadrant will need to be modified (reduced by a minimum of 327 units) to ensure that the Growth Management dwelling unit cap is not exceeded. In no case will the adopted General Plan have a dwelling unit capacity that exceeds the Growth Management dwelling unit caps; therefore, this table indicates that the estimated capacity for the northeast quadrant, as well as the other quadrants, is no more than the Growth Management dwelling unit cap. Information in this table and other sections of the General Plan will be updated to reflect the land use plan adopted by the city. 2-26 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 2.7 Special Planning Considerations In several areas of the city, special planning considerations and/or objectives apply. Section 2.9 contains goals and policies that address the areas described below: Coastal Zone Planning The California Coastal Act regulates all development within the state-desig- nated Coastal Zone. The zone extends through the length of the city, and covers approximately one-third of the city’s land area, as shown in Figure 2-2. The Coastal Act requires that individual jurisdictions adopt local coastal programs (LCP) to implement the Coastal Act. Carlsbad’s LCP consists of a separate land use plan document containing separate land use policies and an implementa- tion plan, which primarily consists of the city’s Zoning Ordinance, as well as portions of the Grading and Drainage Ordinance and Building Codes and Reg- ulations that are applicable to storm water management and grading; master and specific plans applicable to areas in the Coastal Zone are also part of the LCP Implementation plan. Development in the Coastal Zone must comply with the LCP in addition to the General Plan. Concurrent with the General Plan Update, the city has also updated its LCP Land Use Plan, consistent with this General Plan. However, to take effect, the LCP must be certified by the Coastal Commission as well as adopted by the city. Until such time that this occurs, the existing (as of 2013) LCP must be adhered to. Although the LCP covers all of Carlsbad’s Coastal Zone, the Coastal Commis- sion retains coastal development permit authority within its original permit jurisdiction and deferred certification areas. Carlsbad continues to pursue LCP certification in the deferred certification areas in order to transfer permit authority to the city and streamline development approval. Within the Coastal Zone, no discretionary permit shall be issued by the city unless found to be consistent with the General Plan and the LCP. In the event of conflict between the provisions of the General Plan and LCP Land Use Plan, the terms of the LCP Land Use Plan shall prevail. Habitat Management Plan (HMP) For more information on the HMP, see the Open Space, Conservation and Recre- ation Element. The City of Carlsbad and six other cities in northern San Diego County par- ticipated in the preparation of the Multiple Habitat Conservation Program (MHCP), which was adopted and certified by the San Diego Association of 2-27 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 City of Oceanside MELRO SE DR AL GA R D R AN C H O SANTAFERDL A C OS TA AVE ELCAMI NORE AL LA COSTA AVE SAN D I EGONORTHERN RRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E T T I A LNPALOMA R A I R P ORT RD CAM I N O VIDA R OBLE AVIARA P KWYP O I N S E T T IA LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD FARAD A Y A V E EL CAMINO RE ALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOL L E GEBLVDM A RRON RD C A R LSB A D V ILLAGED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiqu i t os Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena Vista Lagoon Calavera Lake Maerkle Reservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n 4 1 2 3 5 5 2 4 2 3 34 3 Barrio Village Cannon Road Open Space, Farming & Public Use Corridor Carlsbad Boulevard/ Agua Hedionda Center Sunny Creek Commercial Palomar Corridor Ponto/Southern Waterfront Murphy Plaza Camino Real Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Carlsbad Coastal Zone Areas Subject to the HMP Figure 2-2 Coastal Zone, Habitat Management Plan, and Airport Influence Area GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Airport Influence Area Review Area 1 Review Area 2 Airport Safety Zones (1-5) Figure 2-2: Special Planning Considerations 2-29 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan Governments (SANDAG) Board of Directors in March 2003. The City of Carlsbad prepared a subarea plan as a part of the MHCP, called the Habitat Management Plan for Natural Communities in the City of Carlsbad (HMP) that was adopted by the City Council in November 2004. The HMP outlines specific conservation, management, facility siting, land use, and other measures that the city will take to preserve the diversity of habitat and protect sensitive biological resources in the city while also allowing for additional development and growth as anticipated under the city’s General Plan. As part of the HMP, a total of 6,478 acres of land within the city’s jurisdictional boundaries is to be conserved for habitats and an additional 308 acres of habitat is to be conserved for the coastal California gnatcatcher outside of the city’s jurisdiction. McClellan-Palomar airport For more on transportation issues related to the airport, see the Mobility Element; for noise policies related to the airport, see the Noise Element; for safety policies related to the airport, see the Public Safety Element. McClellan-Palomar Airport was built in 1959 atop the mesa just south of the Agua Hedionda valley and lagoon. Oriented to take advantage of the on-shore winds, the runway lies on an east-west axis. The associated glide path, crash hazard, and noise impact areas around the airport significantly influence the type and intensity of development across the entire central area of the city. This area of influence extends generally in a broad band east and west of the runway, and, to a lesser degree, north and south of the airport. For reasons of health and safety, residential development and most institutional land uses (hospitals, schools, etc.) must be limited in this area of airport influence. The McClellan-Palomar Airport is owned by the County of San Diego, covering an area of about 470 acres, located in the geographic center of Carlsbad. In 2008, the airport had 192,960 aircraft operations, or an average of 529 per day. A new $24 million airline terminal was opened in 2009. As of 2012, United Express runs a service to LAX, and plans are underway for a new airline based at the airport. Airport Land Use Compatibility California law requires preparation of airport land use compatibility plans for all public-use airports, to promote compatibility between airports and the sur- rounding land uses. For McClellan-Palomar Airport, the San Diego County Airport Land Use Commission has prepared and adopted the McClellan- Palomar Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ALUCP). State law requires Carlsbad’s General Plan to be consistent with the adopted ALUCP. If the City Council chooses to overrule a finding of the Airport Land Use Commission as stated in the ALUCP, it may do so by a two-thirds vote if it makes specific findings that the General Plan is consistent with the intent of state airport land use planning statutes. 2-30 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 The General Plan is consistent with the ALUCP. To limit noise impacts on noise sensitive land uses, the General Plan retains areas surrounding the airport principally for industrial and supporting commercial development, while sites have been identified as appropriate for residential and general commercial use. Airport compatibility and safety is addressed in greater detail in Section 6-5 of the Public Safety Element. The Cannon Road Open Space, Farming and Public Use Corridor The area along the Cannon Road corridor east of the Interstate 5 freeway presently consist primarily of open space and existing farming operations including the Flower Fields located to the south of Cannon Road and the existing strawberry fields located to the north of Cannon Road. These areas present a unique opportunity for the city to create a sustainable, community- oriented open space area that balances social, economic and environmental values important to the community. In 2006, Carlsbad voters approved Proposition D, which encourages the con- tinuation of agriculture on the lands for as long as such use is financially feasible for the landowner. Following voter approval of Proposition D, the City Council adopted the Cannon Road Agricultural and Open Space Zone to implement the proposition. The new zone will become effective when the associated LCP amendment is approved by the California Coastal Commission. Once effective, the new zone will specify that if the landowners choose to discontinue agricul- tural use of the land, only open space uses or limited commercial development associated with permitted agricultural or open space uses are allowed. This zone applies to three properties, as shown on Figure 2-2: • 172 acres north of Cannon Road and south of Agua Hedionda Lagoon owned by San Diego Gas & Electric. Most of this property is cultivated as strawberry fields and has become closely associated with Carlsbad’s identity. 2-31 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan • 46 acres south of Cannon Road and north of the Flower Fields. This prop- erty is frequently cultivated with flowers, so is sometimes considered part of the traditional Flower Fields. The Flower Fields are not part of the zone, because they are already preserved “in perpetuity” by a development agreement and deed restriction. • 26 acres on the southeast corner of Cannon Road and Legoland Drive, which is also often cultivated with flowers or other agricultural crops. Village Carlsbad Village—the community’s downtown—is the oldest and the most walkable neighborhood in the city. The Village is home to the majority of Carls- bad’s historic and cultural resources, including the Carlsbad Theatre, Old Santa Fe Train Depot, Army and Navy Academy and multiple historic structures. The Village has evolved into an eclectic neighborhood rich with character and diversity – both in its physical landscape and in its varied activities and land uses. It has great bones – a walkable street grid, location adjacent to the ocean, a bus and rail transit center, and mix of old and new buildings. The Village should be Carlsbad’s ideal choice for residents looking for a more urban, walkable, transit-connected lifestyle, and for visitors seeking a contrasting experience to hiking along the lagoons, surfing, or golfing. Many sites in the Village are developed at a low intensity and designed to meet the needs of a car-oriented lifestyle, not in keeping with the vibrant, active, pedestrian-oriented core that many would like to see as defining the Village experience. As the Village continues to evolve, it will be important to redevelop and strategically focus improvements in the neighborhood to best express the city’s small-town beach-community lifestyle, take advantage of key opportuni- ties to connect to transit, the ocean, and the Barrio neighborhood to the south, and add new residents and life into downtown Carlsbad. The Village Master Plan and Design Manual provides guidance for design, land use, and redevelopment, and includes development standards and design guidelines. There are additional opportunities to expand on key elements like public art and identity through a signage and way-finding scheme as well as an expanded public arts program. Barrio The roughly 150-acre Barrio neighborhood is situated on the northwestern portion of the city, just south of the Village. Established in the 1920s, the Barrio neighborhood first served as a residential enclave for new immigrants sup- porting the agriculture economy of the city. Today, the Barrio reflects elements of its past in its many cultural markers and historic buildings, as well as in its long-time residents and cohesive community. 2-32 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 Land use in the Barrio neighborhood is primarily residential, with a wide range of housing types, from single-family and two-family dwellings on small lots within the center of the neighborhood along Roosevelt and Madison streets to higher density multi-family residential development located around the neigh- borhood’s perimeter west of Interstate 5 and east of the railroad tracks. Other uses in the Barrio include public, institutional, recreation and limited commer- cial uses. One of the key community assets in the Barrio is the new Pine Avenue Park and Chase Field, as well as the adjacent City of Carlsbad Senior Center. In 2013, the allowed residential densities in the Barrio were increased. The primary objective of the density increase was to encourage redevelopment (primarily around the perimeter of the neighborhood) while protecting the sin- gle-family/duplex character of the center of the neighborhood. As future development/redevelopment occurs in the Barrio, it will be important that future improvements are sensitive to the neighborhood’s walkable, residen- tial character, its history and cultural resources. Carlsbad Boulevard/agua Hedionda Center This area currently contains the Encina Power Station (EPS), whose 400-foot exhaust stack and 965 megawatt power plant has been a landmark near the edge of Agua Hedionda Lagoon and the ocean since the mid-1950s. The EPS is slated for decommissioning and demolition in the near future. The General Plan envisions redevelopment of the EPS, as well as the adjacent SDG&E North Coast Service Center, with visitor-serving commercial and open space uses to provide residents and visitors enhanced opportunities for coastal access and services, 2-33 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan reflecting the California Coastal Act’s goal of “maximizing public access to the coast.” The General Plan also envisions that a new power plant will be built in an area between the railroad tracks and I-5 freeway. The new, approximately 600 megawatt facility will be constructed and operated utilizing peaker-plant tech- nology (rather than as a base load or combined-cycle facility). Compared to the existing plant, the new power plant will be lower profile and have less impact on the environment by being constructed away from the coastline and partially below grade, and by utilizing current peaker-plant technology that significantly reduces its visual profile, hours of operation, noise, air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions, and eliminates the use of ocean water for cooling. A portion of the area west of the railroad tracks contains the site where the Carlsbad seawater desalination project is being built. The desalination project was approved in November 2012 and will provide a portion of the city’s potable water needs. The desalination project is under construction and is due to be completed in 2016. Also, SDG&E operates the Encina substation on approxi- mately 10 acres of the EPS site west of the railroad tracks. The substation is expected to continue in operation for the foreseeable future. Plaza Camino Real The principal opportunity in this area is Plaza Camino Real, a 90-acre enclosed regional shopping mall, surrounded by surface parking lots owned by the city. The mall is outdated and has potential for redevelopment as an exciting, contemporary pedestrian-oriented destination. The General Plan maintains a Regional Commercial designation, which would require regionally oriented retail uses, but would also permit housing in a mixed-use setting. East of El Camino Real are locally-serving shopping centers and a cluster of offices; these are anticipated to remain in their present use, with potential upgrading and reinvestment by property owners. Sunny Creek Commercial This is a strategically located site at the northwest corner of El Camino Real and the future extension of College Boulevard, consisting of a vacant commercially designated property fronting on the street intersection with underdeveloped residentially designated properties adjacent to the commercial property’s north and west boundaries. The General Plan envisions this area with a neighborhood- oriented commercial center designed to be pedestrian-oriented to surrounding residential uses. The commercial uses would serve a number of existing and future residential developments in the area, as well as office uses in the employ- ment core to the south. With a significant population within walking distance of this site, connectivity and pedestrian orientation will facilitate easy access from the surroundings. Sunny Creek Commercial 2-34 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 Palomar Corridor This area is the employment core of Carlsbad and one of north San Diego County’s key employment centers, with a variety of industrial, research and development, and office uses, along with hotels and commercial uses. It also contains the McClellan-Palomar Airport and LEGOLAND amusement park. The General Plan maintains the industrial/research and development primacy of the area. While office, medical office, and residential uses would be desirable in the area to provide use diversity, their location in the corridor is challenged by airport noise and safety considerations, and the presence of several estab- lishments authorized to use hazardous chemicals as part of regular business operations; the General Plan provides land use designations where these uses could be accommodated in selected locations. Ponto/Southern Waterfront This area has a scenic setting, with a 3.5-mile frontage north of Batiquitos Lagoon along the Pacific Ocean. In the northern portion of the area, a hotel and residential uses—mostly small single-family homes—line the east side of Carlsbad Boulevard. The largest development opportunity is in between Batiq- uitos Lagoon and Ponto Road, where the General Plan contemplates a mix of hotels, other commercial uses and residential uses, consistent with the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan. The General Plan also contemplates smaller eating and drinking establishments along Carlsbad Boulevard as opportunities arise, to provide oceanfront dining. The southbound portion of Carlsbad Boulevard is proposed to be realigned with a shift to the east, providing opportunity for a linear park/promenade along Carlsbad Boulevard, which is already popular with walkers, joggers, and bicyclists. The street realignment project may also provide additional park and gathering opportunities along the ocean. Murphy TThis area consists of three parcels totaling approximately 36 acres located north of Batiquitos Lagoon and east of Batiquitos Drive; the northern parcel is designated for low to medium density (0-4 dwelling units per acre) residential uses and open space, and the southern parcel is designated for medium density (4-6 dwelling units per acre) residential uses and open space; the General Plan envisions that the overall potential residential density of the site will be clustered to provide an open space buffer between development and the lagoon. 2-35 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan 2.8 Goals and Policies Goals Land Use 2-G.1 Maintain a land use program with amount, design and arrangement of varied uses that serve to protect and enhance the character and image of the city as expressed in the Carlsbad Community Vision, and balance development with preservation and enhancement of open space. 2-G.2 Promote a diversity of compatible land uses throughout the city, to enable people to live close to job locations, adequate and con- venient commercial services, and public support systems such as transit, parks, schools, and utilities. 2-G.3 Promote infill development that makes efficient use of limited land supply, while ensuring compatibility and integration with existing uses. Ensure that infill properties develop with uses and develop- ment intensities supporting a cohesive development pattern. 2-G.4 Provide balanced neighborhoods with a variety of housing types and density ranges to meet the diverse demographic, economic and social needs of residents, while ensuring a cohesive urban form with careful regard for compatibility. 2-G.5 Protect the neighborhood atmosphere and identity of existing resi- dential areas. 2-G.6 Allow a range of mixed-use centers in strategic locations that maximize access to commercial services from transit and residential areas. 2-G.7 Ensure that neighborhood serving shopping and mixed-use centers include shopping as a pedestrian-oriented focus for the surround- ing neighborhood, are physically integrated with the surroundings, and contain neighborhood-serving stores and small offices. Where appropriate, include in the centers high and medium density housing surrounding the retail core or integrated in mixed-use buildings. 2-G.8 Provide opportunities for continued economic growth and vitality that enhance Carlsbad’s position as a premier regional employment center. 2-G.9 Accommodate a diversity of business establishments in appro- priately-scaled settings, including large-scaled industrial and research and development establishments proximate to the Palo- mar-McClellan Airport, regionally-scaled shopping centers, and neighborhood-serving commercial centers with smaller-sized stores, restaurants and offices to meet shopping, recreation, and service needs of residents and visitors. 2-36 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 2-G.10 Promote continued growth of visitor-oriented land uses, and provide enhanced opportunities for new hotels and visitor-services in desirable locations. 2-G.11 Provide industrial lands that can accommodate a wide range of pol- lution-free industrial establishments, including those of relatively high intensity; research and development and related uses set in campus or park-like settings; as well as moderate to low intensity establishments capable of being located adjacent to residential areas with minimal buffering and attenuation measures. 2-G.12 Ensure adequate provision of community-serving facilities such as child daycare facilities, places of worship, educational institutions and schools. 2-G.13 Maintain land use compatibility between McClellan-Palomar Airport and surrounding land uses, and encourage the airport’s continued operations while ensuring it does not unduly impact existing neigh- borhoods and communities. 2-G.14 Participate with other cities in the county, through the San Diego Association of Governments, in working towards solution of regional issues. 2-G.15 Support agricultural uses throughout the city while planning for the transition of agriculture to other uses. Community Character, Design, and Connectedness 2-G.16 Enhance Carlsbad’s character and image as a desirable residential, beach and open-space oriented community. 2-G.17 Ensure that the scale and character of new development is appro- priate to the setting and intended use. Promote development that is scaled and sited to respect the natural terrain, where hills, public realm, parks, open space, trees, and distant vistas, rather than buildings, dominate the overall landscape, while developing the Village, Barrio, and commercial and industrial areas as concentrated urban-scaled nodes. 2-G.18 Ensure that new development fosters a sense of community and is designed with the focus on residents, including children, the disabled and the elderly, instead of the automobile by providing: safe, pedestrian-friendly, tree-lined streets; walkways to common destinations such as schools, bikeways, trails, parks and stores; homes that exhibit visual diversity, pedestrian-scale and prominence to the street; central gathering places; and recreation amenities for a variety of age groups. 2-G.19 Ensure that new neighborhood commercial centers are designed for pedestrian comfort, and integrated with the surrounding neighbor- hoods with new streets and paths. 2-G.20 Develop an active ocean waterfront, with new growth accommo- dated west of Interstate 5, to enable residents and visitors to enjoy 2-37 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan more opportunities for dining, shopping, and recreating along the coastline. Develop public gathering places and recreational opportu- nities along the coastal corridor. 2-G.21 In accordance with Proposition D, which was enacted by Carlsbad voters in 2006, create a unique, community-oriented agricultural and open space area along the Cannon Road corridor located east of Interstate 5 including the existing flower fields and strawberry fields (does not include the 50 acre parcel located adjacent to the east side of Interstate-5). Growth Management 2-G.22 Ensure that adequate public facilities and services are provided in a timely manner to preserve the quality of life of residents. 2-G.23 Develop programs that correlate the projected population with the service capabilities of the city. The Village 2-G.24 Maintain and enhance the Village as a center for residents and visitors with commercial, residential, dining, civic, cultural, and entertainment activities. 2-G.25 Develop a distinct identity for the Village by encouraging a variety of uses and activities, such as a mix of residential, commercial, office, restaurants and specialty retail shops, which traditionally locate in a pedestrian-oriented downtown area and attract visitors and residents from across the community by creating a lively, interesting social environment. The Barrio 2-G.26 Promote rejuvenation of the Barrio while maintaining its walkable, residential character, and ensuring that new development enhances neighborhood quality and character. 2-G.27 Celebrate the Barrio’s history and resources, and foster development of cohesive streetscapes with strategic improvements, including plazas where feasible. 2-38 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 Policies Land Use General 2-P.1 Maintain consistency between the General Plan and Title 21 of the Carlsbad Municipal Code (Zoning Ordinance and map). 2-P.2 Update the city’s Local Coastal Program (LCP) to be consistent with the General Plan. Work with the California Coastal Commission to gain permitting authority for all areas of the city in the Coastal Zone. 2-P.3 Allow maximum non-residential and mixed-use floor area ratios (FARs) to be increased up to limits specified in the Transportation Demand Management (TDM) Ordinance when developed, where project proponents agree to compliance with the stipulations in the TDM Ordinance. 2-P.4 When uncertainty exists regarding the precise boundary of the various land use designations identified on the Land Use Map, such boundaries shall be interpreted as follows: a. Where boundaries appear to follow the centerline of a street or highway, ownership boundary lines, or topographic features such as valleys or ridgelines, then the boundaries shall be inter- preted to follow the lines/features they appear to follow. b. Where boundaries appear to reflect environmental and resource management considerations, boundaries shall be interpreted in a manner which is consistent with the considerations that the boundary reflects. 2-P.5 Work with SANDAG through participation in its various standing committees on regional plans and initiatives. Adopt local imple- menting policies and programs when found to be consistent with the General Plan and in the best interests of Carlsbad’s residents and businesses. Residential 2-P.6 Encourage the provision of lower and moderate-income housing to meet the objectives of the Housing Element. 2-P.7 Do not permit residential development below the minimum of the density range, except in the following circumstances and subject to the findings required by California Government Code Section 65863: a. When one single-family dwelling is constructed on a legal lot that existed as of October 28, 2004. b. When one single-family dwelling is constructed on a lot that was created by consolidating two legal nonconforming lots into one lot (this only applies to lots that are nonconforming in lot area). c. When a legal lot is developed with one or more residential units that existed as of October 28, 2004; provided, the existing units 2-39 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan are to remain and it is not feasible to construct the number of additional units needed to meet the minimum density without requiring the removal of the existing units. 2-P.8 Do not permit residential development to exceed the applica- ble Growth Management Control Point (GMCP) density unless the following findings are made: a. The project qualifies for and will receive an allocation of “excess” dwelling units, pursuant to City Council Policy No. 43. b. The project will provide sufficient additional public facilities for the density in excess of the GMCP to ensure that the adequacy of the city’s public facilities plans will not be adversely impacted. c. There have been sufficient residential projects approved at densities below the GMCP so the citywide and quadrant dwelling unit limits will not be exceeded as a result of the proposed project. d. All necessary public facilities required by the Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan will be constructed, or are guaranteed to be constructed, concurrently with the need for them created by this development and in compliance with adopted city standards. 2-P.9 Incentivize development of lower-income affordable housing by allowing residential development above the GMCP and maximum densities permitted by the General Plan, subject to the findings specified in 2-P.8, above, and an evaluation of the following: (a) the proposal’s compatibility with adjacent land uses, and (b) the project site’s proximity to a minimum of one of the following: freeway or major street; commercial center; employment opportunities; city park or open space; or commuter rail or transit center. 2-P.10 Development on slopes, when permitted, shall be designed to minimize grading and comply with the hillside development pro- visions of the Zoning Ordinance and the Carlsbad Local Coastal Program. 2-P.11 Consider density and development right transfers in instances where a property owner is preserving open space in excess of normal city requirements for purposes of environmental enhance- ment, complying with the city’s Habitat Management Plan, or otherwise leaving developable property in its natural condition. The density/development potential of the property being left in open space shall be reserved for and used on the remainder of the project site or, through an agreement with the city, may be transferred to another property. 2-P.12 Encourage residential uses mixed in conjunction with commercial development on sites with Local Shopping Center, General Commer- cial, Regional Commercial, and Village designations, provided that “excess” dwelling units are available, pursuant to City Council Policy No. 43, and the findings stated in 2-P.8 are made. 2-40 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 2-P.13 Encourage medium to higher density residential uses located in close proximity to commercial services, employment opportunities and major transportation corridors. 2-P.14 Require new and, as appropriate, existing master planned and res- idential specific plan developments to provide usable acres to be designated for community facilities such as daycare, worship, youth and senior citizen activities, educational institutions and schools. Commercial and Visitor-Services 2-P.15 Locate commercial land uses as shown on the Land Use Map. Where applications for the re-designation of land to commercial land uses are submitted, these shall be accompanied by a conceptual devel- opment plan of the site and a market study that demonstrates the economic viability of using the land in the way being requested, as well as the impact on the viability of commercial uses designated on the Land Use Map that may compete within shared trade areas. 2-P.16 Except within the Village, commercial development shall occur in the form of discrete shopping centers, as opposed to general- ized retail districts or linear “strip commercial” patterns (i.e. long corridors of commercial uses with numerous curb cuts, unsafe intersection spacing, disharmonious architectural styles, and a pro- liferation of signs). 2-P.17 Ensure that all residential areas have convenient access to daily goods and services by locating local shopping centers centrally within their primary trade areas, as defined in Table 2-4. Such trade areas should minimize gaps between or overlaps with the trade areas of other local shopping centers. 2-P.18 New master plans and residential specific plans and other large development proposals shall evaluate whether there is a need to include a local shopping center within the development. 2-P.19 Locate regional shopping centers on sites that are easily visible and accessible from highways and freeways. Local shopping centers may be adjacent to or integrated into regional centers to also serve the daily convenience needs of customers utilizing the regional shopping center. 2-P.20 Limit general commercial development to sites where such uses are appropriate and desirable, provided the development is designed to be architecturally unified and does not result in “strip commercial” development. 2-P.21 Locate visitor commercial uses near major transportation corridors and proximate to key visitor draws, such as the ocean, lagoons, the Village, LEGOLAND, and businesses in the Palomar Airport Road corridor. 2-P.22 Build and operate commercial uses in such a way as to complement but not conflict with adjoining residential areas. This shall be accom- plished by: 2-41 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan a. Controlling lights, signage, and hours of operation to avoid adversely impacting surrounding uses. b. Requiring adequate landscaped buffers between commercial and residential uses. c. Providing bicycle and pedestrian links between commercial centers and surrounding residential uses, and providing bicycle- parking racks. d. Ensuring building mass does not adversely impact surrounding residences. 2-P.23 Ensure that commercial development is designed to include: a. Integrated landscaping, parking, signs, and site and building design b. Common ingress and egress, safe and convenient access and internal circulation, adequate off-street parking and loading facilities. Each commercial site should be easily accessible by pedestrians, bicyclists, and automobiles to nearby residential development. c. Architecture that emphasizes establishing community identity while presenting tasteful, dignified and visually appealing designs compatible with their surroundings. d. A variety of courtyards and pedestrian ways, bicycle facilities, landscaped parking lots, and the use of harmonious architecture in the construction of buildings. 2-P.24 When “community” tenants (see Table 2-4, earlier) are included in a local shopping center, they must be fully integrated into the overall function and design of the center, including the architecture, internal circulation and landscaping. The inclusion of such tenants should complement, not supplant the principal function of the center, which is to provide local goods and services. a. No community “anchor” tenant may be built as a stand-alone building. It must share (or appear to share) walls and its building facade with other tenants in the center. b. No community “anchor” tenant or secondary tenant may feature corporate architecture or logos (excluding signage) that is not integrated into the overall design of the center. Industrial and Office 2-P.25 Limit general industrial development within the community to those areas and uses with adequate transportation access. These areas should be compatible with surrounding land uses including residen- tial neighborhoods. 2-P.26 The physical development of industrial areas shall ensure compati- bility among a diverse range of industrial establishments. 2-P.27 Include provisions in the Zoning Ordinance to allow service and support uses in areas designated Planned Industrial; such uses may include but are not limited to commercial/retail uses that support 2-42 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 planned industrial uses, office uses, places of worship, recreation facilities, education facilities, conference facilities, daycare centers, short-term lodging, and other service uses. 2-P.28 Require new industrial development to be located in modern, attractive, well-designed and landscaped industrial parks in which each site adequately provides for internal traffic, parking, loading, storage, and other operational needs. 2-P.29 Regulate industrial land uses on the basis of performance standards, including, but not limited to noise, air quality, odor, and glare. 2-P.30 Require private industrial developers to provide for the recreational needs of employees working in the industrial area. 2-P.31 Do not permit general or medical office uses on sites designated for industrial use, unless the site is re-designated through a General Plan amendment to the office or a commercial land use designation; approval of such re-designations shall be based on consideration of the following criteria: a. Contiguity with other established general or medical office uses, or an office or commercial zone; b. Separation from industrial uses, where establishment of a medical office use would not preclude establishment or contin- uation of an industrial use within the zone where industrial uses are intended to be located; and c. Location. It is preferable that general or medical office uses be located on sites that can be accessed without negatively impacting traffic on industrial streets; Agriculture 2-P.32 Allow for agricultural uses throughout the city. 2-P.33 Ensure the existing Flower Fields remain in flower production by utilizing all available methods and programs, including grants and other outside financial assistance. 2-P.34 Encourage soil and water conservation techniques in agricultural activities. McClellan-Palomar Airport 2-P.35 Require new development located in the Airport Influence Area (AIA) to comply with applicable land use compatibility provisions of the McClellan–Palomar Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ALUCP) through review and approval of a site development plan, or other development permit. Unless otherwise approved by City Council, development proposals must be consistent or conditionally consis- tent with applicable land use compatibility policies with respect to noise, safety, airspace protection, and overflight notification, as contained in the McClellan-Palomar ALUCP. Additionally, develop- ment proposals must meet Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requirements with respect to building height as well as the provision 2-43 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan of obstruction lighting when appurtenances are permitted to penetrate the transitional surface (a 7:1 slope from the runway primary surface). Consider San Diego County Airport Land Use Com- mission recommendations in the review of development proposals. 2-P.36 Coordinate with the San Diego County Airport Land Use Commis- sion and the FAA to protect public health, safety and welfare by ensuring the orderly operation of the airport and the adoption of land use measures that minimize the public’s exposure to excessive noise and safety hazards within areas around the airport. 2-P.37 Prohibit the geographic expansion of McClellan-Palomar Airport unless approved by a majority vote of the Carlsbad electorate. (Section 21.53.015, Carlsbad Municipal Code.) Community Character and Design See also policies in the Mobility Element related to walkability. 2-P.38 Establish development standards that will preserve natural features and characteristics, especially those within coastal, hillside and natural habitat areas. 2-P.39 Ensure that the review of future projects places a high priority on the compatibility of adjacent land uses along the interface of different residential density and non-residential intensity catego- ries. Special attention should be given to buffering and transitional methods, especially, when reviewing properties where different res- idential densities or land uses are involved. 2-P.40 Ensure that development on hillsides, where permitted pursuant to the hillside development regulations of the Zoning Ordinance, is designed to preserve and/or enhance the visual quality of the pre- existing topography. 2-P.41 Where feasible, locate development away from visible ridges; larger buildings, such as large retail stores and office and industrial devel- opment, should be arranged to minimize the buildings’ visual appearance from major transportation corridors and vistas. 2-P.42 Encourage clustering of development to preserve natural terrain and maximize open space areas around developments. 2-P.43 Evaluate each discretionary application for development of property with regard to the following specific criteria: a. Site design and layout of the proposed buildings in terms of size, height and location, to foster harmony with landscape and adjacent development. b. Site design and landscaping to provide buffers and screening where appropriate, conserve water, and reduce erosion and runoff. c. Building design that enhances neighborhood quality, and incor- porates considerations of visual quality from key vantage points, such as major transportation corridors and intersections, and scenic vistas. 2-44 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 d. Site and/or building design features that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions over the life of the project, as outlined in the Climate Action Plan. e. Provision of public and/or private usable open space and/or pathways designated in the Open Space, Conservation, and Rec- reation Element. f. Contributions to and extensions of existing systems of streets, foot or bicycle paths, trails, and the greenbelts provided for in the Mobility, and Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation elements of the General Plan. g. Compliance with the performance standards of the Growth Management Plan. h. Development proposals which are designed to provide safe, easy pedestrian and bicycle linkages to nearby transportation corridors. i. Provision of housing affordable to lower and/or moderate- income households. j. Policies and programs outlined in Local Coastal Program where applicable. k. Consistency with applicable provisions of the Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan for McClellan-Palomar Airport. 2-P.44 Require new residential development to provide pedestrian and bicycle linkages, when feasible, which connect with nearby shopping centers, community centers, parks, schools, points of interest, major transportation corridors and the Carlsbad Trail System. 2-P.45 At the time existing shopping centers are renovated or redeveloped, where feasible, require connections to existing residential neighbor- hoods through new pedestrian pathways and entrances, mid-block crossings, new or wider sidewalks, and pedestrian-scaled street lighting. 2-P.46 Enhance walkability on a citywide scale by installing benches and transit shelters and adding landscaping, wayfinding and pedestrian- scaled lighting. Consider ways to improve rail and freeway overpass/ underpass areas, with lighting, sidewalk improvements and art installations. 2-P.47 In design requirements for sites adjacent to pedestrian-oriented streets, consider how buildings address the street, through ample windows for display, outdoor eating areas, entryway design options and attractive signage. 2-45 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan Beach Access and Waterfront Activity 2-P.48 Improve beach access through a variety of mechanisms, including: a. In the Village and adjacent areas, identify the primary pedes- trian connections and entrances to the beach through signage, a consistent landscaping scheme, change in paving materials, wider sidewalks and preservation of view corridors. Identify opportunities for additional access points as improved connec- tivity and facilities are provided, particularly if new beachfront activity areas are established. b. In the Barrio neighborhood, provide a pedestrian crossing under or over the rail corridor at Chestnut Avenue. c. Identify and implement more frequent pedestrian crossings along Carlsbad Boulevard. Identify and prioritize crossings from residential neighborhoods and existing bicycle and pedestrian trails. For more detailed policies on pedestrian and bicycle movement, see Chapter 3: Mobility. 2-P.49 Promote development of new activity centers along the ocean waterfront—places where people can eat, shop, recreate and connect with the ocean while taking in the views of the sand, water and sunset. Potential locations for this include the Carlsbad Boulevard/Agua Hedionda Center (see Figure 2-2); near the inter- section of Palomar Airport Road and Carlsbad Boulevard; the Ponto area; and other appropriate sites that may provide opportunities for the development of activity centers. 2-P.50 Work with the California Parks Department to enhance recreation, public access, and activity in the Carlsbad Boulevard coastal corridor. Land could be made available by realigning the southbound lanes of Carlsbad Boulevard and by reconfiguring the Palomar Airport Road / Carlsbad Boulevard intersection. The principle objectives are to improve coastal access for all; conserve coastal resources; enhance public safety, including addressing threats to the campground from bluff erosion and sea level rise; and create additional recreational opportunities, waterfront amenities and services, including mod- ernization and expansion of the campgrounds to serve as lower-cost visitor and recreational facilities. 2-P.51 Plan and design Carlsbad Boulevard and adjacent public land (Carlsbad Boulevard coastal corridor) according to the following guiding principles: a. Carlsbad Boulevard shall become more than a road. This trans- portation corridor shall provide for recreational, aesthetic and community gathering opportunities that equal the remarkable character of the land. b. Community safety shall be a high priority. Create destination that provides a safe public environment to recreate. 2-46 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 c. Strategic public access and parking is a key to success. Develop- ment shall capitalize on opportunities to add/enhance multiple public access points and public parking for the beach and related recreational amenities. d. Open views are desirable and important to maintaining the character of the area. Preservation and enhancement of views of ocean, lagoons, and other water bodies and beaches shall be a high priority in road, landscaping, and amenity design and development. e. Enhance the area’s vitality through diversity of recreational land uses. Carlsbad Boulevard development shall provide for amenities, services and goods that attract a diversity of residents and visitors. f. Create vibrant and sustainable public spaces. Development shall provide for unique and vibrant coastal gathering spaces where people of all age groups and interests can gather to enjoy recre- ational and environmental amenities and supporting commercial uses. g. Connect community, place and spirit. Design shall complement and enhance connectivity between existing community and regional land uses. h. Environmentally sensitive design is a key objective. Environ- mentally sensitive development that respects existing coastal resources is of utmost importance. i. A signature scenic corridor shall be created through design that honors the coastline’s natural beauty. The resulting improve- ments will capture the ‘essence’ of Carlsbad; making it a special place for people from throughout the region with its natural beauty and vibrant public spaces. Properly carried out, the realigned boulevard will maximize public views and encourage everyone to slow down and enjoy the scenery. j. Reimagining of Carlsbad Boulevard shall be visionary. The rei- magined Carlsbad Boulevard corridor will incorporate core community values articulated in the Carlsbad Community Vision by providing: a) physical connectivity through multi-modal mobility improvements including bikeways, pedestrian trails, and a traffic-calmed street; b) social connectivity through creation of memorable public spaces; and c) economic vitality through a combination of visitor and local-serving commercial, civic, and recreational uses and services. 2-P.52 Work with the California Parks Department to provide beachfront amenities such as water fountains, bathrooms, and showers; ensure these are designed to be unobtrusive and harmonious with the natural character of the area. 2-47 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan Community Connectedness 2-P.53 Integrate disparate master planned communities and neighbor- hoods into a cohesive whole, by establishing streetscape schemes along key connector streets and arterials. 2-P.54 Encourage use of public space and rights-of-way for periodic community events such as farmers markets, street fairs, and athletic events. Growth Management and Public Facilities 2-P.55 Ensure the dwelling unit limitations of the Growth Management Plan are adhered to when approving any residential General Plan amendment, zone change, tentative subdivision map or other dis- cretionary permit. 2-P.56 Require compliance with Growth Management Plan public facility performance standards, as specified in the Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan, to ensure that adequate public facilities are provided prior to or concurrent with development. 2-P.57 Coordinate future development with the Capital Improvement Program (CIP) to ensure adequate funding for needed facilities and services; and prioritize the funding of CIP projects to provide facil- ities and services to infill areas, in transit priority or planned smart growth areas, and areas where existing deficiencies exist. 2-P.58 Maintain the Growth Management monitoring and annual reporting program, which: a) monitors the number of existing and future dwelling units compared to the growth management dwelling unit limitations, and b) measures the city’s public service requirements against the rate of physical growth. Use this informa- tion to establish priorities for capital improvement funding, and when considering development requests. 2-P.59 The City Council or the Planning Commission shall not find that all necessary public facilities will be available concurrent with need as required by the Growth Management Plan unless the provision of such facilities is guaranteed. In guaranteeing that the facilities will be provided, funding shall be available for the necessary facilities prior to approval of development permits, and emphasis shall be given to ensuring a balanced circulation system, schools, parks, libraries, open space and recreational amenities. Public facilities may be added, however, the City Council shall not materially reduce public facilities without making corresponding reductions in residential capacity. The Cannon Road Open Space, Farming and Public Use Corridor (See Figure 2-2) 2-P.60 In coordination with land owners, provide for the protection and preservation of environmental and agricultural resources in the corridor area by permitting only: a. Open space 2-48 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 b. Farming and other related agricultural support uses, including flower and strawberry production and commercial support uses. c. Public trails d. Active and passive parks, recreation and similar public and private facilities (except on the existing Flower Fields) e. Electrical Transmission Facilities 2-P.61 Prohibit residential uses. Commercial, and industrial uses are also prohibited in the corridor area, unless such uses are normally associ- ated with or in support of farming operations and open space uses. 2-P.62 Enhance public access and public use in the area by allowing com- patible public trails, community gathering spaces and public and private, active and passive park and recreation uses. 2-P.63 Allow farming to continue in the area for as long as economically viable for the landowner. 2-P.64 Utilize all existing programs and land use protections and explore possible new mechanisms to keep the existing Flower Fields in production. Village (See Figure 2-2) 2-P.65 The Village Master Plan and Design Manual is the guide for land use planning and design in the Village. Comprehensively update the Village Master Plan and Design Manual as necessary to implement the goals and policies of the General Plan. 2-P.66 Seek an increased presence of both residents and activity in the Village with new development, particularly residential, including residential as part of mixed-use development, as well as commer- cial, entertainment and cultural uses that serve both residents and visitors. 2-P.67 Seek ways of strengthening existing establishments through façade and streetscape improvements, upgraded public and private land- scaping and aesthetically upgraded signage and way-finding. Encourage outdoor dining, sidewalk cafes and limited outdoor displays of merchandise to enliven street-level activity. 2-P.68 Enhance the walkability and pedestrian orientation of the Village, including along Carlsbad Village Drive, to enhance the small, beach town atmosphere and improve access to and utilization of transit. 2-P.69 Enhance connections with the Barrio through streetscape improve- ments—including street trees, improved sidewalks, lighting and signage—and potentially mixed-use development along Roosevelt Street. 2-P.70 Encourage public art and community gatherings though a wide range of visual and physical forms—from banners on light posts, paving and artwork on sidewalks, light displays at night, music, and sculptures, to the design and shaping of public spaces and 2-49 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan plazas—all of which set the stage for people to gather, play, and observe. Build on existing activities and events and incorporate cultural facilities, the beach, and a waterfront area where public art could be showcased. 2-P.71 Address parking demand by finding additional areas to provide parking for the Village and beach areas, and by developing creative parking management strategies, such as shared parking, maximum parking standards, “smart” metering, utilizing on-street parking for re-use of existing buildings, etc. 2-P.72 Support Village revitalization by developing and implementing programs, policies and financing mechanisms to spur local invest- ment and foot traffic, and increase private and public revenues in the Village through partnerships with property owners, businesses and other stakeholders (e.g. business organizations, local non-profit organizations, and residents). Barrio (See Figure 2-2) 2-P.73 Promote new investment by allowing opportunities for medium and high-density infill residential development, strategically located in the neighborhood consistent with the Land Use Map. Ensure that development is designed to enhance neighborhood quality, character, and vitality, and is sensitive to historic and cultural resources. 2-P.74 Focus revitalization efforts on renovations and façade improve- ments as well as enhancing the physical infrastructure of the community. 2-50 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 2-P.75 Create a cohesive, pedestrian-scale streetscape that includes improved sidewalks, streetscape, signage and way-finding, and which celebrates the Barrio’s heritage and provides better con- nections between the Barrio and Village and across the railroad at Chestnut Avenue. 2-P.76 Foster development of community gathering spaces and a great public realm, such as by reclaiming portions of wide streets for sidewalks, curb bulb-outs, and small plazas in order to create a more pedestrian- friendly experience and encourage interaction among neighbors. 2-P.77 Prepare design, development, and parking standards that protect, enhance and provide flexibility to enhance neighborhood quality and character. 2-P.78 Develop cooperative neighborhood enhancement programs with the Barrio community that will result in improved resident connec- tions, neighborhood dynamics and enhanced sense of community through better private-public liaison efforts and focus on com- pletion of neighborhood desired improvements. These programs should be coordinated with Village revitalization efforts. Carlsbad Boulevard/Agua Hedionda Center (See Figure 2-2) 2-P.79 West of the railroad tracks: • Decommission, demolish, remove and remediate the Encina Power Station site, including the associated structures, the black start unit and exhaust stack according to the provisions of a settlement agreement dated January 14, 2014, between and among the City of Carlsbad and the Carlsbad Municipal Water District (CMWD), Cabrillo Power I LLC and Carlsbad Energy Center LLC, and San Diego Gas and Electric Company (SDG&E). Infill opportunity (left) and the Barrio historic core (below). 2-51 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan • The desalination plant shall remain on approximately 11 acres (six acres for the desalination plant and approximately five acres of non- exclusive easements) west of the railroad tracks. • Redevelop the Encina Power Station site, along with the SDG&E North Coast Service Center site, with a mix of visitor-serving commercial uses, such as retail and hotel uses, and with new com- munity-accessible open spaces along Agua Hedionda Lagoon and the waterfront (Carlsbad Boulevard). Encourage community gathering spaces, outdoor dining, and other features to maximize potential views of the ocean and the lagoon. Encourage shared parking arrangements so that a greater proportion of development can be active space rather than parking. • Determine specific uses, development standards, infrastructure, public improvements, site planning and amenities through a com- prehensive planning process (e.g., specific plan, master plan, etc.) resulting in a redevelopment plan approved by the City Council. The redevelopment plan boundaries should include the Encina Power Station and the SDG&E North Coast Service Center sites. • Work with SDG&E to identify a mutually acceptable alternative location for Its North Coast Service Center. Work with SDG&E, as part of a long-term plan, to identify and ultimately permit an alternate site for its Encina substation. 2-P.80 Between I-5 and the railroad tracks: • Support construction of a new power plant as described in a settle- ment agreement dated January 14, 2014, between and among the City of Carlsbad and the Carlsbad Municipal Water District (CMWD), Cabrillo Power I LLC and Carlsbad Energy Center LLC, and San Diego Gas and Electric Company (SDG&E). The new power plant will include the following characteristics: –Power output will be limited to approximately 600 megawatts and will be constructed and operated utilizing peaker-plant technology (rather than as a base load or combined-cycle facility). –The power plant will not operate between the hours of midnight and 6 a.m., except to the extent reasonably required Carlsbad Boulevard/Agua Hedionda Center Plaza Camino Real Commercial Corridor, east of El Camino Real 2-52 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 for reliability-related purposes or as otherwise required by the ISO tariff. –Generator units will be placed below grade to minimize the power plant’s visual profile. –The power plant will utilize current peaker-plant technology that significantly reduces noise, air pollutant and green- house gas emissions, and eliminates the use of ocean water for cooling. –Other features as described in said settlement agreement. • Provide an open space buffer along the lagoon’s south shore between the railroad tracks and I-5. Plaza Camino Real (See Figure 2-2) 2-P.81 Promote redevelopment or reuse of Plaza Camino Real as a vital, community-wide commercial destination, and encourage a pedes- trian orientation. Leverage the city’s parking-lot ownership to encourage residential uses to be part of the land use mix. Sunny Creek Commercial (See Figure 2-2) 2-P.82 Foster development of this site as a mixed-use neighborhood center, with a local shopping center along El Camino Real that provides amenities for the surrounding neighborhoods, which include res- idential uses at a density of 8 to 15 dwelling units per acre to the north and west of the shopping center. Residential and commercial uses should be integrated in a walkable setting. Palomar Corridor (See Figure 2-2) 2-P.83 Reinforce the existing base of planned industrial uses with a strong cluster of bio- and high-technology sectors, and attract emerging technologies such as green industries. 2-P.84 Allow clusters of office use in pockets shown on the Land Use Map. Ensure that the Zoning Ordinance incorporates criteria regulating the use of hazardous materials around the sites shown for office uses. 2-P.85 Allow small pockets of higher density residential at the edges of the corridor, as shown on the Land Use Map, to enable residents to live closer to jobs, with opportunities for enhanced bicycle and pedes- trian paths that link residential and employment uses. Ensure that residential uses incorporate noise attenuation criteria in accordance with the Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan. Palomar Corridor. 2-53 Draft General Plan Land Use & Community Design2 Draft General Plan Ponto/Southern Waterfront (See Figure 2-2) 2-P.86 Allow development of the Ponto area with land uses that are con- sistent with those envisioned in the Ponto Beachfront Village Vision Plan. 2-P.87 Promote development of activity centers with restaurants, cafes and shopping on the eastern side of Carlsbad Boulevard, as opportuni- ties arise. Murphy (See Figure 2-2) 2-P.88 Allow the property’s overall residential development capacity, as indicated by the land use designations on the Land Use Map, to be clustered toward the northern portion of the site to create an open space buffer and recreational trail on the southerly third of the site. Ponto/Southern Waterfront 2-54 City of Carlsbad Land Use & Community Design2 3-1 Draft General Plan 3Mobility The Mobility Element seeks to enhance walking, bicycling, and public transportation systems options within Carlsbad, and improve mobility through increased connectivity and intelligent transportation management. Increasing transportation options and improving connectivity within the city are core values of the Carlsbad Community Vision and also support other core values of the vision, including sustainability, access to recreation and active, healthy lifestyles, and neighborhood revitalization. 3-2 City of Carlsbad Mobility3 This element provides a short context for Carlsbad’s existing mobility system, identifies how that system was developed, and communicates the current vision for the future of mobility within the city. Topics addressed include: • Livable Streets ºMulti-Modal Levels of Service ºWalking ºBicycling ºTransit • Connectivity to Support Mobility • Parking • Transportation Demand Management • Traffic Signal Management • Freight and Goods Movement and • Innovation in Transportation Mobility 3-3 Draft General Plan Mobility3 Draft General Plan 3.1 Introduction Background and Purpose Much of Carlsbad’s transportation system has developed within the last 30 years, concurrent with the city’s physical expansion. The transportation emphasis during this period has been on improving travel by the automobile, within the framework provided by Proposition E (commonly referred to as the Growth Management Plan) passed by Carlsbad voters in 1986. The 1994 General Plan and the Growth Management Plan helped assure that infrastructure was provided in a systematic fashion as the city grew and developed. The transportation system envisioned in the 1994 General Plan has largely been realized, with the majority of the street infrastructure constructed to its ultimate configuration. As the city looks increasingly to infill development rather than outward expansion, the primary transportation issues relate to pro- tecting and enhancing the community’s quality of life, as reflected in the core values of the Carlsbad Community Vision. The community’s vision includes better pedestrian and bicycle connections between neighborhoods, destina- tions, and different parts of the community, and a balanced transportation system rather than a singular focus on automobile movement. In recent years, the city has been taking steps to support complete and livable streets. In January 2012, the City Council identified complete and livable streets as a top strategic focus area for the city. In February 2013, the city completed a Livable Streets Assessment report that reframes potential challenges into opportunities, based on best practices in other jurisdictions wrestling with similar challenges. In 2011-2013 the city implemented a traffic signal program to better serve and manage motorists and connect traffic signals throughout the city. This element focuses on providing livable streets that improve mobility and connectivity for all users of the transportation system. Relationship to State Law California state law (Government Code Section 65032(b)) requires that a general plan include a circulation element that consists of “the general location and extent of existing and proposed major thoroughfares, transportation routes, terminals… and other local public utilities and facilities, all correlated with the land use element of the [general] plan.” This Mobility Element includes all infor- mation required of circulation elements, except that the location and extent of “other local public utilities and facilities” is addressed in the Public Safety Element. Additionally, in 2008, the State of California passed Assembly Bill 1358, the Cal- ifornia Complete Streets Act. This bill requires that all circulation elements developed after January 1, 2011 include a complete streets approach that balances the needs of all users of the street, including motorists, pedestrians, bicycles, 3-4 City of Carlsbad Mobility3 children, persons with disabilities, seniors, movers of commercial goods, and users of public transportation. This Mobility Element uses the term “livable streets” in place of “complete streets”; providing livable streets throughout the community is the core focus of this element. Relationship to Community Vision While the Mobility Element responds to many of the core values of the Carlsbad Community Vision, it most closely furthers: Core Value 5: Walking, Biking, Public Transportation and Connectivity. Increase travel options through enhanced walking, bicycling and public trans- portation systems. Enhance mobility through increased connectivity and intelligent transportation management. Relationship to Other General Plan Elements The Mobility Element generally focuses on mobility and connectivity of the city’s transportation system and is complementary to other elements within the General Plan. This element was developed to support and enhance the Land Use and Community Design Element, which has the strongest relationship to this element. In addition, the Mobility Element will inform future updates to the city’s Bicycle Master Plan, Pedestrian Master Plan, and Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Transition Plan, and Trails Master Plan efforts; all of which provide a greater level of detail related to those planning efforts compared to this element. Furthermore, future noise contours in the Noise Element and air quality policies in the Open Space, Conservation and Recreation Element reflect considerations of future traffic generation, as outlined in this element. 3-5 Draft General Plan Mobility3 Draft General Plan 3.2 Context: Existing Transportation System Currently, Carlsbad’s transportation system includes streets (travel lanes, bicycle lanes, sidewalks, etc.), trails, transit (bus and train), truck routes, and the airport. The existing transportation system is described below. Streets The city accommodates motorists via its system of freeways, regional streets and local streets. North/south facilities include Interstate-5, El Camino Real, Carlsbad Boulevard, College Boulevard, Paseo del Norte, Avenida Encinas, Rancho Santa Fe Road and Melrose Drive. East/west facilities include Carlsbad Village Drive, Chestnut Avenue, Tamarack Avenue, Cannon Road, Faraday Avenue, Palomar Airport Road, Poinsettia Lane, Aviara Parkway, and La Costa Avenue. Many of these streets not only serve Carlsbad, but also provide regional connectivity to the north county area. Although there are numerous east/west streets through the city, major barriers interrupt connectivity – the north/ south railroad that parallels Interstate-5 and Carlsbad Boulevard, the Inter- state-5 freeway, three lagoons, and the general rolling hill topography of the city. While State Route 78 does not run within the city limits of Carlsbad, it provides a regional east-west freeway just north of Carlsbad that connects with Interstate 15 in Escondido. Many city-maintained streets provide for pedestrian and bicycle travel on such facilities as parallel bike lanes, trails, and/or sidewalks (excluding along freeways and railroads where pedestrians and bicyclists are prohibited). Walking and bicycling environments are critical to Carlsbad’s high quality of life, especially in areas that have a high demand for those services (such as the Village area, along the coast and near the lagoons). Trails Trails typically serve pedestrians and, where allowed, bicycles. Automobiles are prohibited on trails. While the city’s rolling topography can be challenging, its open space areas, three lagoons, coastline and Mediterranean climate make it an ideal location to provide an extensive trail system. In April 2013, the city initiated a Trails Master Plan update. This update will include identification of existing and proposed trails within the city that will integrate with other transportation system elements. Additionally, the Trails Master Plan will ensure consistency with the city’s recently completed and accepted ADA Transition Plan. The Trails Master Plan will be completed in coordination with the Carlsbad Active Transportation Strategy, also initiated by the city in April 2013. The Comprehensive Active Transportation Strategy will result in a set of strategies to identify and construct livable streets solutions for the city’s street system. Pedestrian-attracting land uses include lagoons (top) and the coastline (bottom). 3-6 City of Carlsbad Mobility3 Transit Transit in Carlsbad includes bus service, ADA paratransit service, the COASTER commuter rail, and Amtrak rail service; indirectly, transit service is also provided by the Sprinter light rail system and Metrolink commuter rail. These services are described below: • Bus Service – Bus service is provided by the North County Transit District (NCTD) and is referred to the BREEZE. BREEZE currently oper- ates approximately ten bus routes within the city. • Paratransit Service – NCTD also offers LIFT, a curb-to-curb service for eligible disabled persons who are unable to utilize the BREEZE. • COASTER Commuter Rail – This is a north-south commuter rail transit service connecting north San Diego County to the City of San Diego. Carlsbad is served by two COASTER stations, one located north of Poinsettia Lane (just west of Interstate-5) and the other is located in the Carlsbad Village area. • Sprinter – This is an east-west light rail transit service connecting Oceanside to Escondido and many educational destinations such as Mira Costa College and California State University San Marcos. Although the Sprinter does not run within the city limits, it is just north of Carlsbad and connections to Carlsbad are provided via the COASTER and BREEZE services in addition to bicycle accessibility. • Amtrak – Amtrak is a national passenger rail service connecting San Diego to San Luis Obispo. Amtrak is currently adding stops in the City of Carlsbad, and they will be updating their service to include these stops once completed. • Metrolink – Metrolink is a commuter rail service serving Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, and San Bernardino counties. The Orange County line connects to the COASTER line in Oceanside. This Mobility Element also recognizes the unique opportunity the city has with its two COASTER stations and Amtrak stations. The city has the ability to service regional commuting in the area via transit without requiring the use of an automobile on north-south corridors in the city. In addition to the special treatment of streets and connectivity in and around the transit stations, this Mobility Element also seeks to connect people with businesses and other des- tinations by improving the quality of bus service through coordination with NCTD, evaluating transit quality along transit prioritized streets, encouraging the provision of shuttle services, and in other new innovative ways. 3-7 Draft General Plan Mobility3 Draft General Plan Although the basic regional transit backbone infrastructure has been imple- mented within the city (discussed above), one of the biggest deterrents to transit use is the “first mile/last mile” portion of the transit trip, which refers to the method and ability for transit users to actually connect to their ultimate desti- nation once they get off of the primary transit mode. This concept is also referred to as “door-to-door” transit service, which addresses transit in a more compre- hensive manner than “stop-to-stop.” This Mobility Element further promotes the improvement of the “first mile/last mile”/“door-to-door” transit service through development incentives that incorporate and encourage shuttles and other connectivity to and from the transit infrastructure system. Goods Movement The movement of goods in Carlsbad typically occurs on the rail line, freeway and via designated truck routes within the city. This connectivity assures that goods can be moved safely and efficiently in the city. Many of Carlsbad’s businesses and residents rely on goods movement whether for deliveries or importing/exporting product. Carlsbad Municipal Code Section 10.32.091 enumerates the designated and established truck routes in Carlsbad. The designated truck routes provide access from Interstate-5 and State Route 78 to commercial areas, the Village, business park areas, McClellan Palomar Airport, and points beyond the city limits. Carlsbad streets that are designated truck routes are designed to accommo- date large vehicles; however, vehicles may not be the prioritized travel mode on the street (see Section 3.3 for more information on livable streets and prioritized travel modes). McClellan Palomar Airport The Federal Aviation Administration classifies the airport as a commercial service airport that mainly serves smaller aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight of 12,000 pounds or less. However, some aircraft larger than 12,500 pounds, but less than 60,000 pounds, do operate at the airport. McClel- lan-Palomar Airport is the only airport with an instrument landing system between Lindbergh Field and Santa Ana that can accommodate the majority of the business aircraft fleet of over 12,500 pounds. Currently, the airport provides limited commercial passenger service to Los Angeles. Medevac and transient helicopters also operate at the heliport/helipad located east of the runway. Because of the potential significant adverse impacts that could occur if the airport increased its aircraft and/or ancillary services, the Carlsbad Municipal Code prohibits the City Council from approving any leg- islative act (such as a zone change or general plan amendment) authorizing the expansion of McClellan-Palomar Airport without voter approval. 3-8 City of Carlsbad Mobility3 3.3 Livable Streets Vision and Strategies Livable Streets A livable streets vision is more than implementation of a state-mandated approach during a general plan update process. It is a fundamental shift in how the city will plan and design the street system – recognizing the street as a public space and ensuring that the public space serves all users of the system (elderly, children, bicycles, pedestrians, etc.) within the urban context of that system (e.g. accounting for the adjacent land uses). The Mobility Element is consistent with and further enhances the state and federal requirements for complete streets by implementing a “livable streets” strategy. Livable streets recognize that each street within the city is unique given its geographic setting, adjacent land uses, and the desired use of that facility. As such, this element identifies a street typology appropriate for the uniqueness of the street and surrounding land uses and identifies which modes of travel (pedestrian, bicycle, vehicles, etc.) should be prioritized on that street. 3-9 Draft General Plan Mobility3 Draft General Plan The following are notable examples of how Carlsbad streets have been, or are planned to be, developed or retrofitted to better accommodate all users of the street system and interface appropriately with adjacent land uses: • Streets within Bressi Ranch, the Village area, Robertson Ranch, and the Pine Park area; • The “road diet” along La Costa Avenue to improve safety. A road diet is a process whereby streets are modified from (traditionally) a four-lane facility with no turn lanes or bicycle lanes to a two-lane facility with a two-way left- turn lane and bicycle facilities; • Installation of the Kelly Drive crosswalk and pedestrian median island at Kelly Elementary School; • Pedestrian median improvements and rectangular rapid flashing beacons along Carlsbad Boulevard; • Enhancing, buffering and widening bike lanes during routine street maintenance; • Planned repurposing of Carlsbad Boulevard across Buena Vista Lagoon – reduce number of vehicle lanes with enhanced pedestrian and bicycle facili- ties (trail, bike lanes, sidewalk); • Planned roundabout at the Carlsbad Boulevard and State Street intersec- tion; and • Planned green lanes on State Street along with sharrows connecting to the Coastal Rail Trail Reach 2 through the Village. Green lanes are travel lanes that are painted green and marked to enhance driver awareness that bicycles share the lane with motorists, and sharrows are special pavement stencils denoting that bicycles may use the lane with motorists. • Planned traffic calming improvements, such as traffic circles, roundabouts, and median islands, in the Barrio and Village areas. The City of Carlsbad Livable Streets Assessment (February 2013) is a document that benchmarks the city’s position on implementing livable streets. It documents best practices of other jurisdictions and recommends actions the city can take to continue to implement livable streets concepts. The Carlsbad Active Transportation Strategies study will serve as the livable streets imple- mentation plan for the city. While many transportation projects have historically been vehicle capacity enhancing and traffic control focused, this Mobility Element supports a new paradigm to evaluate each project and explore all potential solutions to enhance the mobility for all users of the street. Many of these projects will involve repur- posing existing right-of-way rather than acquiring and constructing new right-of-way. 3-10 City of Carlsbad Mobility3 The city’s approach to provide livable streets recognizes that optimum service levels cannot be provided for all travel modes on all streets within the city. This is due to competing interests that arise when different travel modes mix. For example, pedestrian friendly streets typically have slow vehicle travel speeds, short-distance pedestrian crossings, and include some type of buffer between the vehicle travel way and the pedestrian walkway. However, automobile friendly streets typically have wide travel lanes, multiple turn lanes (increasing the pedestrian crossing distance), and high automobile speeds. Therefore, this Mobility Element identifies a mode-prioritization approach to ensure livable streets. This approach identifies preferred travel modes for each street typology and identifies that preferred modes should be prioritized. Non-preferred travel modes are accommodated along the street, but their service is not prioritized (i.e., a lower service level for non-prioritized modes is acceptable to ensure that the service level for prioritized modes is enhanced). Table 3-1 describes the city’s livable street typologies. Figure 3-1 depicts the city’s livable street system. 3-11 Draft General Plan Mobility3 Draft General Plan TABLE 3–1: CARLSBAD LIVABLE STREETS GUIDE STREET TYPOLOGY AND MODE PREFERENCE PRIORITIZED MODES NON- PRIORITIZED MODES STREET TYPOLOGY DESCRIPTION AND PREFERRED ATTRIBUTES Freeways • High-speed facilities designed to accommodate vehicles and buses moving through the city and region • Bicycles and pedestrians are prohibited Arterial Streets • Vehicular and bus efficiency shall be prioritized and managed; pedestrians and bikes are provided for, but not prioritized. • Traffic signals shall be coordinated to prioritize vehicle movements • Bicycle lanes shall be provided and can be further enhanced or complemented by other facilities or off-street pathways • Pedestrian facilities to be provided consistent with ADA requirements • Mid-block crossings should not be provided • Parking should be prohibited along these corridors • Vertical traffic calming techniques (such as speed tables, humps, etc.) should not be considered • Special considerations can be considered on arterials within proximity to schools to enhance Safe Routes to Schools for pedestrians and bicyclists. Identity Streets • Pedestrians and bicycles are prioritized; buses and vehicles are provided for, but not prioritized • No pedestrian shall cross more than five vehicular travel and/or turn lanes • In addition to ADA compliant ramps and sidewalks, sidewalks should support the adjacent land uses as follows: –Adjacent to retail uses, modified/new sidewalks should be a minimum of 10 feet (12 feet preferred) in width and allow for the land use to utilize the sidewalk with outdoor seating and other activities –Adjacent to residential uses, modified/new sidewalks should be a minimum of six feet in width Elsewhere, modified/new sidewalks should be a minimum of eight feet in width • Where feasible, bicycle lanes should be provided • Vehicle speeds should complement the adjacent land uses; typically 25 MPH or less • Bicycle parking should be provided in retail areas • Bike racks should be readily provided within the public right-of-way and encouraged on private property • Traffic calming devices, such as curb extensions (bulbouts) or enhanced pedestrian crossings should be implemented • Street furniture shall be oriented toward the businesses • Mid-block pedestrian crossings could be provided at appropriate locations (e.g. where sight distance is adequate and speeds are appropriate) • On-street vehicle parking should be provided. In areas with high parking demand, innovative parking management techniques should be implemented / considered • Pedestrians should be “buffered” from vehicle traffic using landscaping or parked vehicles 3-12 City of Carlsbad Mobility3 TABLE 3–1: CARLSBAD LIVABLE STREETS GUIDE STREET TYPOLOGY AND MODE PREFERENCE PRIORITIZED MODES NON- PRIORITIZED MODES STREET TYPOLOGY DESCRIPTION AND PREFERRED ATTRIBUTES Village Streets • Pedestrians and bicycles are prioritized; vehicles and buses are provided for, but not prioritized • Primary purpose is to connect people and different areas and land uses of the city to each other directly or by connecting to/from arterial streets • Bicycle lanes should be provided • Bicycle boulevards can be considered • Pedestrians should be accommodated on sidewalks adjacent to the travel way (mini- mum 5’ wide sidewalk) • Mid-block pedestrian crossings and traffic calming devices should be considered, but only at locations with high pedestrian activity levels or major destinations/attrac- tions • Parking may be provided Connector Streets • Pedestrians, and bicycles are prioritized; vehicles and buses are provided for, but not prioritized • Primary purpose is to connect people and different areas and land uses of the city to each other directly or by connecting to/from arterial streets • Bicycle lanes should be provided • Bicycle boulevards can be considered • Pedestrians should be accommodated on sidewalks adjacent to the travel way (mini- mum 5’ wide sidewalk) • Mid-block pedestrian crossings and traffic calming devices should be considered, but only at locations with high pedestrian activity levels or major destinations/attrac- tions • Parking may be provided Coastal Street • Pedestrians and bicycles are prioritized; vehicles and buses are provided for, but not prioritized • Vehicle speeds shall be managed to support uses along the coast (typically 25-35 MPH) • Enhanced bicycle and pedestrian crossings should be provided, including: –High visibility crosswalks –Enhanced pedestrian notifications (e.g. responsive push-button devices) –Enhanced bicycle detection –Bicycle lanes shall be provided and can be further enhanced or complemented by other facilities (such as bicycle lane buffers or off-street pathways) • Pedestrian facilities should be a minimum of five feet and shall strive for six to eight feet in width and shall conform to ADA requirements • Pedestrian crossing distances should be minimized • Trail facilities should be encouraged • Opportunities for mid-block pedestrian crossings should be investigated • Parking should be provided 3-13 Draft General Plan Mobility3 Draft General Plan TABLE 3–1: CARLSBAD LIVABLE STREETS GUIDE STREET TYPOLOGY AND MODE PREFERENCE PRIORITIZED MODES NON- PRIORITIZED MODES STREET TYPOLOGY DESCRIPTION AND PREFERRED ATTRIBUTES School Streets • Pedestrians and bicycles are prioritized; vehicles and buses are provided for, but not prioritized • Vehicle speeds shall be managed to support school uses (typically 25 MPH) • Enhanced bicycle and pedestrian crossings should be provided, including: –High visibility crosswalks –Enhanced pedestrian notifications (e.g. responsive push-button devices) –Enhanced bicycle detection –Bicycle lanes shall be provided and can be further enhanced or complemented by other facilities or off-street pathways • Pedestrian facilities should be a minimum of six feet and shall strive for eight feet in width and shall conform to ADA requirements • Pedestrian crossing distances should be minimized • Opportunities for mid-block pedestrian crossings should be investigated • Traffic calming devices that improve service levels for prioritized modes should be considered Employment Oriented Street • Bicycles, pedestrians, and buses are prioritized; vehicles are provided for but not prioritized • Direct connections to bus stops should be provided • Enhanced bus stops should be considered that include shelters, benches, and lighting • Bicycle lanes and sidewalks should be provided • Pedestrian crossing distances should be minimized • Parallel on-street parking may be provided Industrial Street • Vehicles and buses are prioritized; pedestrians and bicycles are provided for, but not prioritized • Serves industrial areas of the city • Traffic calming devices are generally discouraged given the propensity for heavy vehicles in this area • Parking should be provided as long as it does not interfere with the turning radii of heavy vehicles Local/Neighborhood Street • Pedestrians and bicycles are prioritized; vehicles and buses are provided for, but not prioritized • Pedestrians should be accommodated on a sidewalk or soft surface trail (such as de- composed granite) unless those facilities are inconsistent with the existing desirable neighborhood character • Bicycles can be accommodated with a bicycle lane or route if vehicle volumes and/or speeds necessitate; otherwise bicycles can share the street • Bicycle boulevards can be considered • Traffic calming measures should be considered when supported by the neighbor- hood or when warranted for safety reasons • On-street parking should be considered 3-14 City of Carlsbad Mobility3 TABLE 3–1: CARLSBAD LIVABLE STREETS GUIDE STREET TYPOLOGY AND MODE PREFERENCE PRIORITIZED MODES NON- PRIORITIZED MODES STREET TYPOLOGY DESCRIPTION AND PREFERRED ATTRIBUTES Bicycle/Pedestrian Pathway • For bicycles and pedestrians only – no vehicular access is permitted • Serves commuters and recreational users Streets within ½ Mile of a Transit Center • Pedestrians, bicycles and buses are prioritized; vehicles are provided for, but not prioritized • Provides access to the Breeze/COASTER system via enhanced bicycle/pedestrian con- nectivity or via shuttle service from the stations to the ultimate destination • Could include enhanced transit systems, such as signal priority for transit, dedicated ROW for transit, or queue bypass lanes. • Mid-block pedestrian crossings and traffic calming devices should be considered in these areas • Parking should be provided and managed using innovative parking techniques 3-15 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 MELROSE DR AL GA R D RA N C H O SANTAFERDL A C O S TA AVE ELCAMINORE AL LA COSTA AVE SAN D I EGONORTHERN RRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E T TIA LNPALOMA R AIR PORT RD C AM IN O VIDA ROBLE AVIARA P KWYP O IN S E T T I A LN PA LOMAR AIRPORT RD FARAD A Y AV E EL CAMINO REALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOLLEGEBLVDMARRONRD C A R LSB A D V ILLAGED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78 C A MI NOJUNI PE RO City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiq u i t os Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena Vista Lagoon CalaveraLake Maerkle Reservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside Highways Railroad Transit Centers 1/2 Mile Radius City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; Fehr & Peers, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Freeway Arterial Streets Identity Streets Village Streets Connector Streets Coastal Street School Streets Employment Oriented Street Industrial Street Local/Neighborhood Street Figure 3-1 Street System Map GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Planned Arterial Streets Planned Connector Streets Planned Local/Neighborhood Street Figure 3-1: Street System 3-17 Draft General Plan Mobility3 Draft General Plan Multi-Modal Levels of Service Traditionally, transportation systems have been designed to achieve a level of service from the perspective of the driver, not pedestrians or bicyclists. However, cities throughout the country are now designing their transportation systems to achieve levels of service for all travel modes. Some cities, such as Fort Collins, CO, San Francisco, CA, Gainesville, FL, Charlotte, NC, and others, have been doing this for more than a decade; and in 2010, national guidelines were developed by the Transportation Research Board to encourage other cities to establish levels of service for all travel modes. The California Complete Streets Act (2008) requires cities in California to plan for a balanced, multi-modal transportation system that meets the needs of all travel modes. This Mobility Element establishes a multi-modal level of service (MMLOS) methodology for Carlsbad that evaluates the service levels for pedes- trians, bicyclists and transit users. The vehicle level of service is determined by the Highway Capacity Manual. The city’s MMLOS methodology will provide a qualitative “grade” assigned to prioritized travel modes, ranging from a level of service (LOS) A to LOS F. LOS A reflects a high service standard for a travel mode (e.g. outstanding charac- teristics and experience for that mode) and LOS F would reflect a poor service standard for a travel mode (e.g. congestion for vehicles, no bicycle, pedestrian, or transit facilities, etc.). Thresholds are identified to balance supply and demand to create a sustainable system of public right-of-way, keeping in mind on-going maintenance of the infrastructure and implementation of livable streets. The level of service of the various travel modes are evaluated according to the following factors: • Vehicular Level of Service. Level of service will be determined by the most recent version of the Highway Capacity Manual. This methodology evaluates vehicles based on their freedom to maneuver and overall delay experienced at intersections. • Pedestrian Level of Service. Level of service to be evaluated using the Carlsbad MMLOS method. This method evaluates the quality of the pedestrian system (e.g. number of vehicle lanes that need to be crossed and the speed of adjacent traffic) and the friendliness of the infrastructure at intersections (e.g. pedestrian countdown heads, dedicated pedestrian phases (e.g. a scramble phase), curb extensions, refuge median). • Bicycle Levels of Service. Level of service to be evaluated using the Carlsbad MMLOS method. This method evaluates the quality of the bicycle system (e.g. bicycle route, bicycle lanes, or bicycle pathway; pres- ence of bicycle buffers from the vehicle travel way), the amenities of the system (e.g. presence of bicycle parking), and the friendliness of the infra- structure (e.g. bicycle detection at intersections, pavement conditions, presence of vehicle parking). 3-18 City of Carlsbad Mobility3 • Transit Levels of Service. Level of service to be evaluated using the Carlsbad MMLOS method. This method evaluates the transit vehicle right-of-way (e.g. dedicated or shared, signal priority), hours and fre- quency of service (e.g. weekday/weekend hours, peak period headway); performance (e.g. on-time or late); amenities and safety (e.g. lighting, covered stop, bench, on-board bike/surfboard storage); and connectivity (e.g. to other transit routes, employment areas, schools, visitor attrac- tions, and other major destinations). Future Operations and Street Improvements Most of the envisioned Carlsbad street system is built out. The remaining planned street improvements are summarized in Table 3-2; these facilities serve the needs of land uses identified in the Land Use and Community Design Element. The planned streets are identified on the Street Network map, Figure 3-1. In addition to the new street connectivity and capacity expansion described in Table 3-2, the city is also implementing a citywide traffic signal system upgrade effort. This effort includes retiming of traffic signals, upgrading the control- ler and detection technology, and integration of the traffic control system to a single point traffic management center. This enables the city to monitor, manage, and adjust traffic signal timing along major corridors to improve mobility and manage vehicle flow within the city. Improved traffic signal timing also enhances the safety for drivers, improves air quality by reducing emissions and brake dust, and improves commute times. TABLE 3–2: PLANNED CITY OF CARLSBAD STREET CAPACITY IMPROVEMENTS IMPROVEMENT NAME IMPROVEMENT DESCRIPTION College Boulevard Complete improvements between Cannon Road and El Camino Real to arterial street typology standards Poinsettia Lane Complete improvements between Cassia Road and El Camino Real to connector street typology standards Camino Junipero Extension Extend to the eastern city limit as a local street Interstate-5 North Coast Project Includes the widening of Interstate-5 to include high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) (carpool) managed lanes and auxiliary lanes connecting adjacent interchange off-ramps and on-ramps as needed Interstate-5/State Route-78 Interchange Improvement While in preliminary design, identifying transportation options will relieve congestion on the freeway as it is a bottleneck that impacts adjacent interchanges, regional streets, and the movement of goods and people. This interchange is not located within the City of Carlsbad but is part of the Caltrans Public Works Plan for the Interstate-5 North Coast Project. 3-19 Draft General Plan Mobility3 Draft General Plan Future Traffic Operations With build-out of the Land Use and Community Design Element, the completed street network presented in Table 3-1 and on Figure 3-1 will have capacity con- straints on arterial streets and on freeways within and adjacent to the city. The analysis of the Land Use and Community Design Element indicated that the following auto-prioritized facilities will operate at LOS E or LOS F in the city at build-out: • Interstate-5 • State Route-78 • La Costa Avenue between Interstate-5 and El Camino Real • El Camino Real between Palomar Airport Road and La Costa Avenue • Palomar Airport Road between Interstate-5 and College Boulevard • Palomar Airport Road between El Camino Real and Melrose Drive These facilities would generally be congested during peak periods; however, during most hours of the day, the facility would have sufficient capacity to serve the vehicle demand. The city does not have regulatory authority over Interstate-5 or State Route-78 and has no control over managing traffic on those facili- ties. When these freeways are beyond capacity, some motorists will use City of Carlsbad arterials rather than the freeways to bypass congestion. Adjacent com- munities outside of Carlsbad also utilize Carlsbad’s regional infrastructure to bypass congestion on freeways. The four Carlsbad arterial streets listed above would need to be widened beyond their six-lane cross-section to operate at the city’s standard for vehicle level of service on those facilities (LOS D or better); however, creating streets wider than six lanes is inconsistent with the goals of this Mobility Element. In addition, widening these streets beyond six lanes creates new challenges for intersection operations, maintenance, and storm water management. Therefore, rather than widening these arterial streets, the city shall implement transportation demand management (e.g. promote travel by modes other than the single-occupant vehicle), transportation system management (e.g. signal timing coordination and improved transit service) and livable streets techniques to better manage the transportation system as a whole. 3-20 City of Carlsbad Mobility3 Bicycling, Walking, and Transit A balanced transportation system in Carlsbad will provide adequate facilities for people to bicycle, walk, or take transit to their destinations. To achieve this balanced transportation system, bicycle, pedestrian and transit modes have been prioritized on a variety of street typologies, as shown in Table 3-1. In addition to the streets that have been prioritized for bicycling, walking and transit, the city has a series of off-street trails and pathways that also serve the mobility needs of bicyclist and pedestrians (these facilities are described in more detail in the Open Space, Conservation and Recreation Element). Additionally, transit is provided on dedicated right-of-way within the city, consisting of the COASTER commuter rail line. This Mobility Element integrates and priori- tizes modes that complement utilization of transit facilities near the COASTER stations. Bicycle Facility Classification System Caltrans has defined three bikeway facility types in Chapter 1000 of the Highway Design Manual. These facility types are described below as well as in the City of Carlsbad Bicycle Master Plan. Class I Bikeway (bike path) – provides a separated corridor that is not served by streets and highways and is away from the influence of parallel streets. Class I bikeways are for non-vehicle use only with opportunities for direct access and recreational benefits, right-of-way for the exclusive use of bicycles and pedestri- ans, and cross flow conflicts are minimized. Class II Bikeway (bike lane) – provides a delineated right-of-way assigned to bicyclists to enable more predictable movements, accommodating bicyclists through corridors where insufficient room exists for side-by-side sharing of existing streets by motorists and bicyclists. Class III Bikeway (bike route) – shared facility that serves either continuity to other bicycle facilities or designates preferred routes through high demand corridors. In addition to the three facility types described above, a number of local streets help complete the bicycle network. These streets typically do not have a bikeway designation; however, the entire street systems may be fully adequate for safe and efficient bicycle travel, where signing and pavement marking for bicycle use may be unnecessary. These are most commonly found along local streets where vehicle speeds are relatively low, which enables bicycle travel to be accommo- dated with vehicle travel. 3-21 Draft General Plan Mobility3 Draft General Plan Proposed Bikeway System As of 2010, there was an estimated 98 miles of bicycle facilities in Carlsbad. Of these facilities, approximately 92 miles were Class II bicycle lanes located throughout the city on streets such as Carlsbad Boulevard, Carlsbad Village Drive, Tamarack Avenue, Chestnut Avenue, El Camino Real, Palomar Airport Road, Rancho Santa Fe Road, Melrose Drive, College Boulevard, Cannon Road, and La Costa Avenue. These on-street bikeways provide direct routes for expe- rienced cyclists comfortable with riding on relatively high vehicle volume and speed streets. New cyclists may be encouraged to use these on-street bikeways by designing the bikeways to increase the comfort of less experienced riders, narrowing travel lanes to reduce vehicle travel speeds, implementing traffic calming roundabouts and road diets, and by promoting land use patterns that decrease distances between destinations. In addition to incorporating addi- tional routes into the bikeway network, clear directional/way-finding signage and secure bicycle parking at schools, shopping centers, beaches, employ- ment centers and transit stops will encourage more people to ride bicycles and enhance the level of comfort for all. While the majority of the Mobility Element streets within the city currently include a bicycle facility of some type within the right-of-way, there are several gaps at critical locations. In particular, bicycle lanes are discontinuous along Palomar Airport Road, just east of Carlsbad Boulevard, and within many of the Interstate-5 interchanges and crossings. These gaps and other barriers, such as the railroad and freeway, greatly diminish connectivity to the coastline for cyclists. Caltrans’ Interstate-5 North Coast Corridor Public Works Plan – a proposed 40-year program to create a multi-modal system of rail, highway, transit, bicycle and pedestrian improvements that span from La Jolla to Oceanside – proposes additional trail connections across lagoons and along the freeway, and to enhance all interchanges and crossings to better integrate and accommodate bicyclists and pedestrians. The Carlsbad Bicycle Master Plan identifies the location of bikeways and recommends the enhancement of the existing bicycle network with the imple- mentation of approximately 6.5 miles of new Class I bike paths, 2.8 miles of new Class II bike lanes, and 4.2 miles of new Class III bike routes. The planned bikeways include the Coastal Rail Trail, a Class I bike path on Carlsbad Boulevard at Ponto, two Class II bike lanes – one on Hillside Drive and another on Avenida Encinas, and five Class III bike route projects in the northwest quadrant of the city. In addition to the planned bikeways and bicycle facilities, the Carlsbad Bicycle Master Plan outlines new educational and promotional programs aimed at bicy- clists and motorists. These programs include bicycle parking improvements, multi-modal (transit) support facilities, bicycle safety and education programs for cyclists and motorists, safe routes to schools programs, community and 3-22 City of Carlsbad Mobility3 employer outreach programs, continued development of bikeway network maps, and bike-to-work and school day events, among others. The Carlsbad Bicycle Master Plan is a comprehensive document that provides detailed information on the city’s bicycle network and a bicycle network map depicting existing and planned bikeways and facilities. Pedestrian Facilities Pedestrian facilities (i.e., sidewalks, crosswalks, trails) are a key component of a multi-modal transportation system, which should enable people of all age groups and abilities to safely walk to their destinations. Pedestrian facilities connect various land uses, like neighborhoods, schools, shopping, employment, transit stations, community services, and recreation. Areas that are particularly attractive to pedestrians include the coastline, lagoon areas and the Carlsbad Village, which offers a pedestrian friendly environment and concentration of shopping, dining and entertainment uses. In general, pedestrian-attracting land uses are fairly evenly distributed across the city. Proposed Pedestrian System Carlsbad has adopted several programs and plans related to improving the walking environment. The city’s Pedestrian Master Plan identifies the location of pedestrian facilities and guides the future development and enhancement of pedestrian facilities to ensure that walking becomes an integral mode of trans- portation in Carlsbad. The Carlsbad Residential Traffic Management Program provides a mechanism for community members to report issues relating to speeding and traffic volumes on residential streets, which assists the city in “calming” traffic in these areas to make them more comfortable for pedestrians. Physical barriers to pedestrian access include gaps in sidewalks, topography, lagoons, high-volume high-speed streets, incomplete or missing road segments, and regional infrastructure such as freeways and railways. There are four sig- nificant concentrations of high pedestrian needs across the city, including the following locations: • The entire northwest quadrant, especially the Carlsbad Village area, Barrio area and along the coast • The entire coastal area along Carlsbad Boulevard • Several locations along El Camino Real, near Camino Vida Roble, Aviara Parkway/Alga Road and La Costa Avenue • The southeastern portion of the city, stemming from the intersection of La Costa Avenue and Rancho Santa Fe Road A range of potential improvement projects exist to enhance pedestrian mobility, local connectivity, usage, safety and accessibility. These improvements include 3-23 Draft General Plan Mobility3 Draft General Plan missing sidewalk connectivity, upgrading substandard sidewalks, new connec- tions to pedestrian attracting designations (such as access across the railroad track to the beach at Chestnut Avenue, for example), safe routes to school, enhanced crosswalks, pedestrian countdown signals, improved signage and markings and provision of ADA improvements. Proposed Transit System Future transit service in the city will primarily be coordinated by NCTD. However, there are several transit improvements, which are part of San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) regional planning efforts, which are reflected in this Mobility Element: • Coastal rail improvements are proposed for the tracks serving the COASTER and Surfliner trains in San Diego County along the Los Angeles to San Diego rail corridor. These proposed improvements include double tracking, bridge replacements, grade separated pedes- trian crossings, safety improvements for at-grade crossings, and station improvements. Improvements to the COASTER service (2020 and 2030) are also proposed and would increase service and reduce headways. • Route 471 (2020) is a proposed rapid bus providing frequent service between Carlsbad and San Marcos via Palomar Airport Road. This route will operate with 10 minute headways during peak and off-peak hours. In the city, this rapid bus route is envisioned to be accommodated through signal priority at intersections. The future transit improvements described above will continue to advance transit service in the city. However, one key component to improving transit use is improving the “first mile/last mile” experience for transit users. This typically includes end of trip facilities (bike lockers and racks, showers, changing rooms, etc.) and better connectivity from the transit stop to the ultimate destination via bicycle facilities, pedestrian facilities, local transit circulators, shuttles, etc. Carlsbad’s future transit effectiveness will be dependent on major employers assisting with providing some of these “first mile/last mile” facilities through transportation demand management (TDM) measures. TDM is envisioned to include shuttle circulators from transit stations to major employers and des- tinations, showers and changing rooms at those locations, and a host of other typical TDM techniques that would support transit usage and the connection to the ultimate destination. This Mobility Element also supports TDM through potential incentives (such as reduced parking standards for TDM implementa- tion) to further support transit access to these destinations. The final component to improving transit use in the city is working with NCTD to improve the transit experience; particularly along the bus routes. This includes improving bus stops in the city to ensure that they are well lit, have seating, and are covered to protect users from weather. 3-24 City of Carlsbad Mobility3 Connectivity to Support Mobility Connectivity in the city is critical to achieving the Carlsbad Community Vision. As previously described, there are a number of street improvements that are planned that will complete connections within the city. This Mobility Element also recommends additional connectivity for bicycles and pedestrians, as noted below: • Cannon Road connection. Provide a bicycle/pedestrian facility that would begin at the current eastern terminus of Cannon Road and con- tinue eastward to the city’s eastern boundary. • Marron Road connection. Provide a bicycle/pedestrian facility that would begin at the current eastern terminus of Marron Road and extend eastward to the city’s eastern boundary. • Additional crossings of Interstate-5 and the railroad. Continue to look for opportunities to add crossings of these two barriers and improve east-west connectivity to and from the coast. Key connections will include a crossing at Chestnut Avenue (bicycle, pedestrian, and vehicu- lar) under the freeway and (bicycle and pedestrian) across the railroad, and a Chinquapin Avenue connection (bicycle, pedestrian, and vehic- ular) over the freeway and (bicycle and pedestrian) across the railroad. Additionally, Caltrans is designing a number of new pedestrian and bicy- clist connections along and across Interstate-5 and near the lagoons as part of the Interstate-5 North Coast Corridor Public Works Plan. The city will continue to coordinate with Caltrans on these improvements. • Improved accessibility to the lagoons and to the coast are envisioned to improve connectivity to those areas. Parking Parking is critical to ensuring the success of any area. Inadequate parking means that businesses and residents suffer. Too much parking underutilizes valuable land; promotes lower density development; discourages using other forms of transportation (such as public transit); spreads out land uses; and creates gaps in store fronts, thereby requiring the use of the automobile. Additionally, too much parking also requires more driveways for accessibility, introducing conflicts between pedestrians and vehicles. Restrictive parking requirements impact the ability to rejuvenate/repurpose older buildings and revitalize activity centers that can be better served and connected by enhancing facilities and amenities for bicyclists and pedestrians. Therefore, it is important to “right size” and manage parking such that there is enough to support the needs generated by the use, but not so much that it wastes land and impairs other ways of getting around. 3-25 Draft General Plan Mobility3 Draft General Plan The city’s Zoning Ordinance and adopted master and specific plans provide standards for parking facilities based on development types within the city. To promote “right sizing” of parking facilities, the city will develop flexible parking requirements that may include the following techniques: • Shared parking. Continue to allow uses that have different parking demands at different times of the day to share the same parking facili- ties. This is an effective way to minimize pavement, allow denser land use, provide for more landscaping, and provide improved walkability within a mixed use area. The best example of shared parking is an office build- ing and an apartment building as office’s peak parking demand occurs at 10:00 a.m. and apartment’s peak parking demand occurs at 11:00 p.m. • Collective parking. Allow uses in mixed use projects/areas to reduce the standard parking rate to account for shared mixed use on-site parking. • Unbundled parking. Rather than provide free guaranteed parking, “unbundle” the parking from the development and require residents and/ or employees to pay for use of a parking space. • Park once. A strategy in destination districts to enable visitors to “park once” and visit a series of destinations. Park once strategies work well in areas like the Village and areas that are well connected by pedestrian and bicycle facilities. The creation of centralized parking areas supports this strategy. • In-lieu parking fees. Continue strategies in appropriate areas that allow developers to contribute fees toward the development of a common parking facility in lieu of providing on-site parking. This works best in concentrated commercial areas, and assists in paying for unified struc- tured parking and provides developers an opportunity to increase density on their parcels. • Parking management strategies. A business district or businesses manage high demand parking locations and destinations through a number of different strategies including demand pricing, time restric- tions, valet parking, and other techniques. • Public-private partnerships. The city, business owners, and developers collaborate to provide both private and public parking opportunities. Instances where this works well include parcels owned by the city, where a private entity develops, manages, and enforces parking in these public lots. • Parking locater signs. Electronic monitoring devices that identify the available parking in a given facility and utilize changeable message signs to assist travelers in identifying available parking locations. This may require modifications to the city’s Zoning Ordinance to be implemented in some areas of the city. 3-26 City of Carlsbad Mobility3 • Parking way-finding signs. Signs identifying where public parking is available, which supports the “park once” concept. • Reduced parking standards. Reduce parking standards in areas that are well served by transit, provide shuttle accessibility to the COASTER station, provide parking cash out programs (employers pay employees to not drive a single occupancy vehicle to work), or provide other programs that will reduce parking demand. • Biking equals business program. Businesses provide bicycle parking or corrals and provide incentives to encourage their patrons and employees to ride rather than drive. • Transit equals business program. Businesses provide their customers and employees incentives to encourage them to use transit rather than drive. • Bicycle corrals in-lieu of vehicle parking. For certain businesses, reduce required onsite parking for vehicles if they provide a bicycle corral that accommodates more people. Although there are additional parking strategies that are available and may become available in the future, most of the strategies work best in smart growth/ mixed use development areas and will be necessary to accomplish the goals and visions identified in the General Plan and this Mobility Element. Transportation Demand Management and Traffic Signal Management This Mobility Element also supports and promotes TDM and traffic signal management (TSM) techniques. TDM consists of programs and policies to reduce the demand for the single occupant automobile. Common techniques include carpool programs, flexible work hours, telecommute provisions, shuttle services to nearby transit stations, employee transit subsidies (e.g. employers will subsidize bus or rail tickets), installation of bicycle facilities (lockers, racks, lanes, showers at employment areas, etc.), or other measures that would reduce the demand to drive. TDM is critical for the city to build-out without expanding the transportation infra- structure beyond what is envisioned in this Mobility Element. Additionally, as previously described, TDM is a major component in improving the effective- ness of transit as it can assist in serving the “first mile/last mile” component of a transit trip. The city has also implemented a state-of-the-practice TSM system. This system integrates traffic signals in the city to a single access point, allowing city staff to monitor and update signal timings to improve safety and mobility for all users in the city. This Mobility Element supports further implementation of this program and use of other technologies that become available, which have the ability to improve mobility for all users of the city’s transportation system. 3-27 Draft General Plan Mobility3 Draft General Plan 3.4 Goals and Policies Goals 3-G.1 Keep Carlsbad moving with livable streets that provide a safe, balanced, cost-effective, multi-modal transportation system, accom- modateing the mobility needs of all community members, including children, the elderly and the disabled. 3-G.2 Improve connectivity for residents, visitors and businesses. 3-G.3 Provide inviting streetscapes that encourage walking and promote livable streets. 3-G.4 Manage and “right size” parking to support all modes of transporta- tion and ensure efficient use of land. 3-G.5 Implement transportation demand and traffic signal management techniques to improve mobility. 3-G.6 Protect and enhance the visual, environmental and historical charac- teristics of Carlsbad through sensitive planning and design of scenic transportation corridors. 3-G.7 Provide for the safe and efficient movement of goods throughout the city. Implementing Policies Street Typology and Multimodal Levels of Service 3-P.1 Implement a comprehensive livable streets network. This network, as outlined in Table 3-1 and shown on Figure 3-1, prioritizes trans- portation modes by street typology and accessibility to users of the system. 3-P.2 Integrate livable streets in all capital improvement projects, where applicable, as well as new development projects. 3-P.3 Apply and update the city’s multi-modal level of service (MMLOS) methodology and guidelines that reflect the core values of the Carlsbad Community Vision related to transportation and con- nectivity. Utilize the MMLOS methodology to evaluate impacts of individual development projects and amendments to the General Plan on the city’s transportation system. 3-P.4 Implement the city’s MMLOS methodology by evaluating level of service (LOS) for prioritized modes. Maintain LOS D or better only for the prioritized modes of travel by street typology as outlined in Table 3-1 and Figure 3-1. 3-P.5 Require developers to construct or pay their fair share toward improvements for all travel modes consistent with this Mobility Element, the Growth Management Plan, and specific impacts associ- ated with their development. 3-28 City of Carlsbad Mobility3 3-P.6 Utilize transportation demand management strategies, non-auto- motive enhancements (bicycle, pedestrian, transit, train, trails, and connectivity), and traffic signal management techniques as long-term transportation solutions and traffic mitigation measures to carry out the Carlsbad Community Vision. 3-P.7 Develop and maintain a list of LOS exempt intersections and streets approved by the City Council. For LOS exempt intersections and streets, the city will not implement motor vehicle capacity improve- ments to maintain the LOS standard outlined in Policy 3-P.4 if such improvements are beyond what is identified as appropriate at build out of the General Plan; however, other non-vehicle capac- ity-building improvements may be required to improve mobility, to the extent feasible, and/or to implement the livable streets goals and policies of this Mobility Element. To be considered LOS exempt, an intersection or street must be identified as built-out by the City Council because: a. acquiring the rights of way is not feasible; or b. the proposed improvements would significantly impact the envi- ronment in an unacceptable way and mitigation would not contribute to the nine core values of the Carlsbad Community Vision; or c. the proposed improvements would result in unacceptable impacts to other community values or General Plan policies; or d. the proposed improvements would require more than three through travel lanes in each direction. 3-P.8 Allow the following streets to be LOS exempt facilities from the LOS standard identified in Policy 3-P.4, subject to the requirements described in Policy 3-P.7: • La Costa Avenue between Interstate-5 and El Camino Real • El Camino Real between Palomar Airport Road and La Costa Avenue • Palomar Airport Road between Interstate-5 and College Boulevard • Palomar Airport Road between El Camino Real and Melrose Drive 3-P.9 Require new development that adds traffic to LOS-exempt locations (consistent with 3-P.7) to implement transportation demand man- agement strategies that reduce the reliance on the automobile and assist in achieving the city’s livable streets vision. 3-P.10 Update the Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan to ensure con- sistency with the General Plan. This includes updating the circulation LOS standards methodologies to reflect a more balanced/multi- modal approach. 3-29 Draft General Plan Mobility3 Draft General Plan Street Design and Connectivity 3-P.11 Evaluate implementing a road diet to three lanes or fewer for existing four-lane streets currently carrying or projected to carry 25,000 average daily traffic volumes or less in order to promote biking, walking, safer street crossings, and attractive streetscapes. 3-P.12 Design new streets, and explore funding opportunities for existing streets, to minimize traffic volumes and/or speed, as appropriate, within residential neighborhoods without compromising connec- tivity for emergency first responders, bicycles, and pedestrians consistent with the city’s Carlsbad Active Transportation Strategies. This should be accomplished through management and imple- mentation of livable streets strategies and such programs like the Carlsbad Residential Traffic Management Plan. 3-P.13 Consider innovative design and program solutions to improve the mobility, efficiency, connectivity, and safety of the transportation system. Innovative design solutions include, but are not limited to, traffic calming devices, roundabouts, traffic circles, curb extensions, separated bicycle infrastructure, pedestrian scramble intersections, high visibility pedestrian treatments and infrastructure, and traffic signal coordination. Innovative program solutions include, but are not limited to, webpages with travel demand and traffic signal management information, car and bike share programs, active transportation campaigns, and intergenerational programs around schools to enhance safe routes to schools. Other innovative solutions include bicycle friendly business districts, electric and solar power energy transportation systems, intelligent transportation systems, semi- or full autonomous vehicles, trams, and shuttles. 3-P.14 Encourage and seek partnerships to foster innovations in emerging technology for transportation mobility to support the city’s workforce, residents, and tourists. Integration between communi- cation technology, energy, and transportation mobility should be encouraged. 3-P.15 Encourage Caltrans, SANDAG, NCTD, and adjacent cities to improve regional connectivity and service consistent with regional planning efforts. This includes expansion of Interstate-5 with two HOV lanes in each direction and associated enhancements, a Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) route along Palomar Airport Road, shuttle bus services from COASTER stations, and other enhancements to improve services in the area. 3-P.16 Engage Caltrans, the Public Utilities Commission, transit agencies, the Coastal Commission, and railroad agency(s) regarding opportu- nities for improved connections within the city, including: • Improved connections across the railroad tracks at Chestnut Avenue and other locations • Completion and enhancements to the Coastal Rail Trail and/or equivalent trail along the coastline 3-30 City of Carlsbad Mobility3 • Improved connectivity along Carlsbad Boulevard for pedestrians and bicyclists, such as a trail • Improved access to the beach and coastal recreational opportunities • Improved crossings for pedestrians across and along Carlsbad Boulevard 3-P.17 Implement connections and improvements identified in this Mobility Element, including those identified in policy 3-P.15, as well as: • Extension of College Boulevard from Cannon Road to El Camino Real • Completion of the Poinsettia Lane connection near El Camino Real (Reach E) • Extension of Camino Junipero to the eastern city boundary • A bicycle/pedestrian trail/pathway connecting the eastern terminus of Marron Road to the east • A bicycle/pedestrian trail/pathway connecting the eastern terminus of Cannon Road to the east, and coordination with adjacent agencies to appropriately link to their facilities 3-P.18 Support pedestrian and bicycle facilities at all Interstate-5 and State Route 78 interchanges. 3-P.19 Maintain the city’s scenic transportation corridors as identified in the Carlsbad Scenic Corridor Guidelines. Pedestrian and Bicycle Movement 3-P.20 Update the pedestrian, trails and bicycle master plans, as necessary, to reflect changes in needs, opportunities and priorities. 3-P.21 Implement the projects recommended in the pedestrian, trails and bicycle master plans through the city’s capital improvement program, private development conditions and other appropriate mechanisms. 3-P.22 Identify and implement necessary pedestrian improvements on pedestrian-prioritized streets with special emphasis on providing safer access to schools, parks, community and recreation centers, shopping districts, and other appropriate facilities. 3-P.23 Implement the Safe Routes to School and Safe Routes to Transit programs that focus on pedestrian and bicycle safety improvements near local schools and transit stations. Prioritize schools with access from arterial streets for receiving Safe Routes to School projects. 3-P.24 Improve and enhance parking, connectivity, access, and utilization for pedestrians and bicycles to COASTER stations, utility corridors, and open spaces consistent with city planning documents. 3-P.25 Evaluate incorporating pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure within the city as part of any planning or engineering study, private 3-31 Draft General Plan Mobility3 Draft General Plan development, or capital project where bicyclists or pedestrians are a prioritized or non-prioritized mode. 3-P.26 Complete the Carlsbad Active Transportation Strategies to assist in identifying livable street implementation parameters within the city. 3-P.27 Engage the community in the policy setting and planning of street, bicycle, pedestrian, transit, and connectivity studies, plans and programs. 3-P.28 Require developers to improve pedestrian and bicycle connectiv- ity consistent with the city’s bicycle and pedestrian master plans and trails master planning efforts. In addition, new residential develop- ments should demonstrate that a safe route to school and transit is provided to nearby schools and transit stations within a half mile walking distance. 3-P.29 Work with existing neighborhoods and businesses to improve pedestrian and bicycle connectivity and safety consistent with the city’s pedestrian and bicycle master plans and trails master planning efforts. 3-P.30 Actively pursue grant programs such as SANDAG’s Active Trans- portation Grant Program and Smart Growth Incentive Program to improve non-automotive connectivity throughout the city. The emphasis of grant-funded projects shall be on implementa- tion, which includes planning documents that guide and prioritize implementation, programs that encourage the use of active trans- portation modes, education for the use of active transportation modes, or physical improvements themselves. Transit 3-P.31 Partner with other agencies and/or developers to improve transit connectivity within Carlsbad. As part of a comprehensive transpor- tation demand management (TDM) strategy and/or with transit oriented development (TOD), a shuttle system could be established that connects destinations and employment centers like LEGOLAND, hotels, the Village, McClellan-Palomar Airport, business parks, the COASTER and Breeze transit stations, and key destinations along the coast. The system could incorporate shuttle service in adjacent cities to maximize connectivity. 3-P.32 Encourage NCTD, SANDAG and other transit providers to provide accessibility for all modes of travel to the McClellan-Palomar Airport area. 3-32 City of Carlsbad Mobility3 3-P.33 Coordinate with NCTD to improve the quality of bus stop facilities in the city. Parking and Demand Management 3-P.34 Develop flexible parking requirements to provide the “right amount” of on-site vehicle parking. Such requirements will include implementation of innovative parking techniques, implementing effective TDM programs to reduce parking demand, and consider- ation of other means to “right size” the parking supply. 3-P.35 Require new employment development to provide secure bicycle parking on-site. Major employers should provide shower and changing rooms for employees as appropriate. 3-P.36 Assist Village businesses to manage parking in the Village area to maximize parking efficiency. Any potential parking-related revenues generated in this area should be reinvested into the Village area for implementing livable streets and other parking, pedestrian, and bicycle enhancements, including way-finding signage and main- tenance of associated infrastructure. 3-P.37 Consider supporting new development and existing businesses with various incentives (such as parking standards modifications) for implementing TDM programs that minimize the reliance on single- occupant automotive travel during peak commute hours. Rail and Truck Movement 3-P.38 Identify and update truck routes within the city that provide suf- ficient turning radii and other design attributes to support large vehicles on those facilities. 3-P.39 Coordinate with other agencies and private entities to investigate methods of improving service, implementing a quiet zone, and enhancing connectivity and safety along the rail corridor. Air Movement 3-P.40 Work with San Diego County and other agencies to ensure continued safe and efficient operation of the McClellan Palomar Airport, consistent with the Carlsbad Community Vision and existing city policy. 4-1 Draft General Plan 4 Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation Carlsbad is endowed with a rich array of natural resources, including the ocean, three lagoons (Agua Hedionda, Batiquitos and Buena Vista, California’s first ecological reserve), as well as other waterways and natural habitat areas. These resources are vital components of the city’s setting, provide habitat for wildlife and recreation opportunities, and are engines of tourism. Protecting these natural resources is a high priority for residents. Carlsbad is an active community with valuable recreation resources, such as beaches, numerous parks and sports fields, and proximate hillsides. 4-2 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 The city has a high proportion of dedicated open space land available for passive and active recreational uses, and as its population continues to grow, age, and diversify, Carlsbad must continue to meet its residents’ changing outdoor and recreational needs. This element is intended to enhance resource conservation, ensure adequate open space for conservation and recreation, and promote accessibility to recreation areas for all residents and visitors. Water supply, conservation, and recycling, including desalination, are addressed in Chapter 7: Sustainability Element. 4-3 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan 4.1 Introduction Background and Purpose Open space is one of Carlsbad’s principal defining features and serves several different purposes. Many open spaces are conserved as natural habitat. Other open spaces fulfill both habitat conservation and recreational needs, or are spe- cifically designated for recreational use. The Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation (OSCR) Element addresses open space for resource conservation and recreation, as well as environmental quality topics such as air and water quality. The OSCR Element accomplishes this, first, by establishing an overall classifi- cation system for open space, which provides the framework for more detailed discussion of open space needs for habitat and resource conservation, and parkland needs of a growing and changing population. Open space and park standards are consistent with those in the Carlsbad Growth Management Plan, and future demand for open space and parks is identified based on projected population growth considering the distribution of new residences. The OSCR Element also addresses beaches, trails, and agricultural resources, followed lastly by discussion of air quality and water quality. The OSCR Element consists of narrative and goals and policies, which provide direction to modify existing programs or establish new ones, and seek to preserve and enhance Carlsbad’s natural and recreational resources such that they: • Sustain and improve the social, economic, aesthetic, and environmental health of the city; • Are accessible for all residents; • Offer a balance of active and passive recreation opportunities; • Enhance the community’s environmental quality; and • Provide learning opportunities about nature for Carlsbad residents and visitors. Relationship to State Law California state law (Government Code sections 65302(d)(1) and (e)) requires cities to adopt open space and conservation elements as part of their general plan. Open-space land is defined by California Government Code Section 65560(b) as any parcel or area of land or water that is essentially unimproved and devoted to open-space use, and that is designated on a local, regional or state open-space plan, including open space for the preservation of natural resources, and open space for outdoor recreation. Along with the housing element, the open space element has the most detailed statutory intent and, next to land use, is the broadest in scope. 4-4 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Conservation elements are required to provide direction regarding the con- servation, development, and utilization of natural resources. Because of the considerable overlap between requirements related to open space for conserva- tion and the conservation element, these two are combined into one element in this General Plan. Relationship to Community Vision The OSCR Element is most closely tied to the following core values in the Carlsbad Community Vision: Core Value 2: Prioritize protection and enhancement of open space and the natural environment. Support and protect Carlsbad’s unique open space and agricultural heritage. Core Value 3: Promote active lifestyles and community health by furthering access to trails, parks, beaches and other recreation opportunities. Relationship to Other General Plan Elements The OSCR Element bears a strong relationship to the Land Use and Community Design Element, since open space, conservation lands, and park facilities are essential components of a balanced land use pattern. Each open space, conser- vation area, or park facility has been located within a compatible land use area. The intent of the OSCR Element, however, is not to establish land use policies for these areas, but rather to outline conservation and recreational strategies in harmony with land use policies. Open space for public safety is addressed in the Public Safety Element. The classification of open space and parks relates to the amount and location of the population, and in this respect the OSCR Element is closely related to the Land Use and Community Design and Housing elements. The OSCR Element is also related to the Mobility Element in that designated bicycle routes, trails and pedestrian routes provide crucial access to and through open space and parklands. Finally, the Sustainability Element outlines the broad framework to minimize Carlsbad’s reliance on fossil-fuel sources and decrease consumption of natural resources, and includes specific goals and policies pertaining to water conserva- tion and recycling. 4-5 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan 4.2 Open Space Framework Carlsbad is situated along the Pacific Coast. Elevations range from sea level along the coast to about 1,000 feet above mean sea level at the southeastern border of the city. Land within the city’s jurisdiction covers about 39 square miles (25,021 acres), about 38 percent of which is currently (2013) classified as open space. About 78 percent of this open space is comprised of natural open space such as native habitats, lagoons, and streams. The city’s open space network boasts three lagoons, nearly 40 miles of hiking trails, and almost seven miles of coastline, as well as unique agricultural and horticultural resources such as the strawberry fields and the Flower Fields. Open Space Classification For purposes of the OSCR Element, open space is defined as: Any area of land or water that is devoted to an open space use and designated on the city’s Land Use Map as open space, or dedicated in fee title or easement for open space purposes. The open space may be in its natural state or modified. This General Plan classi- fies open space into four categories (Figure 4-1): • Category 1: Open Space for Preservation of Natural Resources (plant and animal habitat; nature preserves; beaches and bluffs; wetland and ripar- ian areas; canyons and hillsides; and water features such as lagoons and streams) • Category 2: Open Space for Managed Production of Resources (forestry; agriculture; aquaculture; water management; commercial fisheries; and major mineral resources) • Category 3: Open Space for Outdoor Recreation (school recreation areas; public parks and recreation areas; greenways; trails; campgrounds; golf courses; and equestrian facilities) • Category 4: Open Space for Aesthetic, Cultural and Educational Purposes (lands with scenic, historical and cultural value; land use buffers; open space that marks entries to the city from surrounding communities and to major developments and neighborhoods within the city; greenbelts providing separation from surrounding communities; and museums, arboreta, zoos, and botanical gardens) Table 4-1 quantifies the existing amount of land that is designated on the Land Use Map as “open space” and/or dedicated in some other manner (e.g., easement, use agreement) as one of the open space categories described above. Future additional open space will be added to the city’s open space system through implementation of the Growth Management Plan and Habitat Man- agement Plan and through discretionary acquisitions. 4-6 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Open Space, Active Lifestyles, and Quality of Life Regular exercise has been proven to promote many health benefits. The Carlsbad community values access to parks and recreation resources, including the ocean and beaches, because active lifestyles lead to better physical and mental health outcomes, but also because outdoor recreation and an active lifestyle support community connectedness and a higher quality of life overall. In most com- munities, walking is the most common form of physical activity, is accessible across socioeconomic groups, and can be promoted in both urban and rural areas. In addition to health benefits, the City of Carlsbad Pedestrian Master Plan (2008) recognizes that walking also has the potential to address several other interrelated challenges in the city, including traffic congestion, air quality, and community-building. Smart planning for access to recreation and active, healthy lifestyles means taking a balanced approach to the provision of parks and recreation spaces, as well as creating safe and attractive pedestrian and bicycle connections that bring community members out to play and enjoy the city’s various natural assets. Growth Management The creation and preservation of open space in the city is, in large part, due to the city’s Growth Management Plan, which through the Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan, establishes the following facility standards for open space and park facilities: Open Space Fifteen percent of the total land area in specified Local Facility Management Zones (LFMZ), exclusive of environmentally constrained non-developable land, must be set aside for permanent open space (public or private) and must be available concurrent with development. The city is divided into 25 LFMZs. At the time the open space facility standard was established (1986), LFMZs 1-10 and 16 were already developed or met/ exceeded the open space standard, and therefore, are not subject to the open space standard. LFMZs 11-15 and 17-25 are the zones required to comply with the TABLE 4–1: EXISTING OPEN SPACE DESCRIPTION ACRES % OF OPEN SPACE % OF CITY Open Space for Preservation of Natural Resources 7,376 78%29% Open Space for Managed Production of Resources 327 3%1% Open Space for Outdoor Recreation (programmed and unprogrammed)1,186 13%5% Open Space for Aesthetic Cultural and Educational Purposes 583 6%2% TOTAL OPEN SPACE 9,473 100%38% CITY OF CARLSBAD 25,021 Sums may not equal totals due to rounding. 4-7 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 ME LRO SE D R A L G A R D RAN CHO SANTAFERDL A C O S T A AVE EL CAMI NOR E A L LA COSTA AVE SANDI EGONORTHERNRRCARLSBADBLVDPO IN SET T I A LNPALOMA R A I R P O RT RD CAM IN O VIDA R OBLE AVIARA P K WYP O IN S E T T I A LN PA LOMAR AIRPORT RD F ARA D A Y AVE EL CAMINO REALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREAL T A MARACKAVECOL L E GEBLVDM A R RON R D C A R LSB A D V ILLAGED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLVD78City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiq ui to s Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMARAIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena Vista Lagoon CalaveraLake Maerkle Reservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside Lagoons/Water Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Open Space for Preservation of Natural Open Space for Managed Production of Open Space for Outdoor Recreation Open Space for Aesthetic Cultural and Figure 4-1 Open Space GENERAL PLAN 1 2 3 4 Resources 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Resources (Programmed and Unprogrammed) Educational Purposes Future Community-Accessible Open Space and Visitor Services* ‘*See LUCD Element: Special Planning Considerations: Carlsbad Boulevard/Agua Hedionda Center’ Figure 4-1: Open Space 4-9 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan open space standard; facility management plans have been approved for those zones and include requirements that ensure a minimum of 15 percent of the land in the zone is set aside as open space. Parks Three acres of community parks or special use areas per 1,000 population within the park district. There are four park districts within Carlsbad, which correspond to the city’s four quadrants. Parks and special use areas must be scheduled for construction within a five-year period, or prior to construction of 1,562 dwelling units within the park district beginning at the time the need is first identified. The threshold for triggering the construction of a new park is as follows: once a deficit of park acreage in a quadrant is identified, a new park must be scheduled for construction within the time frame of five years, or before the cumulative construction of 1,562 dwelling units, whichever occurs later. According to City Council Resolution No. 97-435, “scheduled for construction” means that the improvements have been designed, a park site has been selected, and a financing plan for construction of the facility has been approved. The city’s Growth Management Ordinance (Carlsbad Municipal Code Chapter 21.90) authorizes special facility fees to pay for improvements or facilities that are related to new industrial development. Since there is a substantial impact on existing recreation facilities from an increasing industrial employment base, the city recognized a need to impose and implement a park mitigation fee for industrial development. In November 1987, the City Council adopted its first park mitigation fee for the Zone 5 Local Facilities Management Plan. Addition- ally, a park mitigation fee was required as part of the Zone 13 and Zone 16 Local Facilities Management Plans. The purpose of this fee is to ensure adequate rec- reational facilities to accommodate the demand created by the daily influx of the industrial work force and population as industrial development grows. Section 4.5 provides information regarding compliance with the park facility standard. 4-10 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 4.3 Biological Resources and Open Space for Conservation Habitats and Sensitive Biological Resources The western edge of the city is characterized by sandy beaches and three low-lying river estuaries or lagoons – the Batiquitos, Agua Hedionda, and Buena Vista lagoons. The coastal portions of the city are largely developed; however, natural vegetation communities remain in and around the three coastal lagoons and on some of the higher, steeper-sloped, inland portions of the city. The lagoons dominate the city’s coastal landscape and provide habitat for a variety of resident and migratory bird species, fish, and invertebrates as a part of the city’s overall open space network. Habitats and Natural Vegetation Habitat types within the city include grassland, coastal sage scrub, chaparral, woodland, riparian, marsh and other wetlands, and open water. Of these habitat types, natural habitats and vegetation communities, including open water, cover approximately 7,574 acres, or 30 percent, of land within the city’s jurisdiction. The majority of the natural vegetation communities in the city are comprised of coastal sage scrub (37 percent) and grassland (18 percent). The remainder of the city is made up of agricultural lands, disturbed lands, or developed lands. A summary description of the natural vegetation communities found within the city is provided below; a much more detailed description is provided in the Environmental Impact Report. Upland Habitat Coastal Sage Scrub Three types of coastal sage scrub exist within the city, representing approxi- mately 38 percent of the natural vegetation in the city: Diegan coastal sage scrub, maritime succulent scrub and coastal sage scrub- chaparral scrub. Coastal sage scrub is home to the federally-threatened coastal California gnatcatcher, as well as the orange-throated whiptail (a California Species of Special Concern) and the federally listed plant species, San Diego ambrosia. Coastal sage scrub is con- sidered sensitive habitat under California regulations, but Diegan coastal sage scrub in particular is identified in the California Natural Diversity Database as a priority for monitoring and restoration. Within Carlsbad, the largest remaining areas of Diegan coastal sage scrub are in Calavera Hills, near the intersection of College Boulevard and Carlsbad Village Drive, and in the Villages of La Costa. 4-11 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan Chaparral There are two categories of chaparral habitat located in Carlsbad: undifferenti- ated (including southern mixed and chamise chaparral) and southern maritime chaparral. Both these vegetation communities occur in a patchy distribution throughout the city and are located on wetter north- and west-facing slopes, alternating with coastal sage scrub, grasslands and oak woodlands. Southern maritime chaparral is the most limited type of chaparral in the city and is con- sidered a sensitive habitat. Sensitive plant and animal species that may be found in chaparral habitat are the wart-stemmed ceanothus (designated as sensitive by the California Native Plant Society), the federally and state listed endangered Orcutt’s spineflower, the California endangered short-leaved Dudleya, and the California Watch List species, Southern California rufous-crowned sparrow. Grassland There are approximately 1,807 acres of native and non-native grasslands within Carlsbad. Native grasslands are considered a sensitive habitat under California regulations and are identified in the California Natural Diversity Database as priority areas for monitoring and restoration. Within the city, native grassland vegetation is extremely limited. Non-native grassland is not considered a sensitive habitat; however, it may be a significant foraging habitat for raptors and the California fully protected white-tailed kite. Non-native grassland may also support sensitive animal and plant species such as the federally endangered Stephens’ kangaroo rat and federal and state listed San Diego thorn-mint, and may serve as a habitat linkage for a number of wildlife species such as mule deer and scrub species such as California gnatcatcher. Woodland There are two types of woodlands that occur within Carlsbad: oak woodland (approximately 29 acres) and eucalyptus woodland (approximately 257 acres). Sensitive species that may occur in oak woodlands include the Cooper’s hawk (a California Watch List species), regionally sensitive Harbison’s Dunn skipper, and Nuthalls’ scrub oak and Engelmann oak (designated as sensitive by the Cal- ifornia Native Plant Society). Although eucalyptus woodland is a non-native community that does not support sensitive plant or wildlife species, it is often used for nesting by raptors and other birds or roosting by bats. Riparian and Wetland Habitat Riparian Riparian habitats are found along drainages and streams, where soils tend to be moist during all or part of the year. Within Carlsbad, riparian communi- ties may also be the result of agricultural runoff. There are approximately 572 acres of riparian habitat located in the city, consisting of riparian scrub, riparian woodland and riparian forest. Riparian habitats are all considered sensitive 4-12Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 under federal and state regulations and policies. Sensitive species that may occur in riparian habitats include the federally and state listed endangered Least Bell’s vireo and willowy monardella. Sycamore-alder woodland supports nesting for a number of raptor species, including nesting of the white-tailed kite and Cooper’s hawk. Marsh, Estuarine, and Freshwater Marsh and wetland habitats within Carlsbad consist of southern coastal salt marsh, freshwater marsh and cismontane alkali marsh, in addition to other wetland and aquatic habitat types, such as estuaries, freshwater/open water and vernal pools. There are approximately 1,466 acres of marsh habitats in the city, all of which are considered sensitive and are regulated under federal and state regulations and policies. Sensitive species that may occur in salt marsh include the state listed California black rail and Belding’s savannah sparrow, as well as the federally listed light- footed clapper rail. Plant species found in freshwater marsh include the state listed Spreading Navarretia. Other wetland habitats include estuaries, freshwater/open water and vernal pools. Lake Calavera is the largest open water area in the city, apart from the three major coastal lagoons, and provides foraging habitat for the osprey (a California Watch List species). Vernal pools are highly restricted wetlands that contain high numbers of endangered, sensitive and endemic plant and animal species. Sensitive species found in vernal pool habitats include state and federally listed endangered California Orcutt grass and San Diego button-cel- ery, as well as the federally listed San Diego fairy shrimp. 4-13 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan Special-Status Species A total of 51 sensitive plant and animal species have been recorded as occurring or potentially occurring within the city. Of these, 20 are state and federally listed as threatened or endangered. Fifteen of the 51 sensitive species are considered to be narrow endemics, which are native species that have a highly restricted distribution, soil affinity, and/or habitat. The federal, state, and local laws and regulations that protect these species are discussed below. Habitats and Resource Conservation Regulatory Context, and Plans and Programs Regulatory Context Federal Endangered Species Act Under the Federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973, the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Commerce jointly have the authority to list a species as threatened or endangered (16 USC 1533[c]). The ESA protects endangered and threatened species and their habitats by prohibiting the “take” of listed animals and the interstate or international trade in listed plants and animals, including their parts and products, except under federal permit. Migratory Bird Treaty Act The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) (16 U.S.C. 703 et seq.) is a federal statute that makes it unlawful “by any means or in any manner, to pursue, hunt, take, capture, [or] kill” any migratory bird or attempt such actions, except as permitted by regulation. California Fish and Wildlife Code Under the California Fish and Wildlife Code, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) provides protection from “take” for a variety of species, including Fully Protected species. The Native Plant Protection Act of 1977 (Fish and Wildlife Code Sections 1900 et seq.) gives the CDFW authority to designate state endangered, threatened, and rare plants and provides specific protection measures for identified populations. The CDFW also protects streams, water bodies and riparian corridors through the streambed alteration agreement process under Section 1601 to 1606 of the California Fish and Wildlife Code. California Native Plant Society The California Native Plant Society (CNPS) maintains a list of special-status plant species based on collected scientific information. Designation of these species by the CNPS has no legal status or protection under federal or state endangered species legislation. 4-14 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 California Coastal Act of 1976 As noted above, the CDFW identifies areas for the protection of environmen- tally sensitive habitats; under the California Coastal Act (CCA) protection is provided for these areas in the coastal zone. The CCA identifies environmen- tally sensitive habitats as areas in which plant or animal life and or their habitats are rare or vulnerable due to the special nature or role in an ecosystem that can be easily disturbed or degraded by human activities and developments. California Natural Community Conservation Planning (NCCP) Act of 1991 The NCCP Act of 1991 provides a framework for state and local government, as well as private interest efforts plans for protection of regional biodiversity and the ecosystems upon which they depend. NCCP’s allow for the appropriate, compatible economic activity to occur while ensuring the long-term conserva- tion of multiple species. As a result of this act the Carlsbad Habitat Management Plan (HMP) was prepared under the Multiple Habitat Conservation Program (MHCP) (see below). Local Plans and Programs Multiple Habitat Conservation Program Under the NCCP, Carlsbad and the cities of Encinitas, Escondido, Oceanside, San Marcos, Solana Beach and Vista participated in the preparation of the MHCP, which was adopted and certified by the San Diego Association of Gov- ernments (SANDAG) in 2003. The MHCP is a comprehensive sub-regional plan that addresses the needs of multiple plant and animal species in northwestern San Diego County, enabling cities to implement their portions of the MHCP through citywide subarea plans. Habitat Management Plan for Natural Communities in the City of Carlsbad The City of Carlsbad prepared a subarea plan as a part of the MHCP, called the Habitat Management Plan for Natural Communities in the City of Carlsbad or the HMP, which was adopted by the Carlsbad City Council in November 2004. The HMP outlines specific conservation, management, facility siting, land use, and other measures that the city will take to preserve the diversity of habitat and protect sensitive biological resources in the city while also allowing for additional development and growth as anticipated under the city’s General Plan. Formal approval and adoption of the HMP occurred through issuance of a permit by wildlife agencies, namely United States Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and CDFW, as well as execution of an implementation agreement between the city and the wildlife agencies. The HMP preserve contains natural habitats that are necessary to sustain threatened, listed or sensitive species, and to maintain biological value. 4-15 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 City of Oceanside MELROSE DR A L G A RD RAN C H O SANTAFERDL A C O STA AVE ELCAMINORE AL LA COSTA AVE SAN D I EGONORTHERN RRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E T TIA L NPALOMA R A I R PORT RD C AM IN O VIDA R O BLE AVIARA P KWYP O IN S E T TI A LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD FARAD AY AVE EL CAMINO R EALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOL L EGEBLVDM A RRON RD C A R LSBA D V ILLAGED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiqu it o s Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena Vista Lagoon CalaveraLake MaerkleReservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad Lagoons\Water City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2012; SANDAG, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Existing Hardline Proposed Hardline Outside-Conserved Standards Area Figure 4-3 HMP Preserve Areas GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Figure 4-2: HMP Preserve Areas 4-17 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan One of the HMP management goals is to conserve a full range of vegetation community types, with an emphasis on sensitive habitat types. As part of the permit issued by the wildlife agencies, the city is required to preserve 6,478 acres of land within the city’s jurisdictional boundaries and an additional 308 acres of habitat for the coastal California gnatcatcher outside of the city’s juris- diction (i.e., “gnatcatcher core”). As of December 2012, the city had preserved 5,877 acres within the city’s boundaries, or 91 percent of the HMP target, leaving a remaining 601 acres within the city’s boundaries to be preserved in hardline conservation or standards areas in order to meet the HMP permit requirements, as shown in Table 4-2. In addition, as of December 2012, the city had preserved 280 acres outside the city’s boundaries, or 91 percent of the HMP target for the gnatcatcher core, leaving 28 acres outside the city’s boundaries to be preserved as gnatcatcher habitat. The HMP preserves fall into one of three classifications, based upon the status of preservation: Existing Hardline Preserve, Proposed Hardline Preserves, and Standards Areas. The Existing Hardline Preserves include established private and city-owned preserves, CDFW Ecological Reserves, and pre-existing natural open space preserves. Preserve locations are shown in Figure 4-2. Table 4-3 shows actively managed preserves over 100 acres in size. Open Space Management Plan As a framework plan to assist in the implementation of the MHCP and HMP, the city’s Open Space Management Plan establishes procedures, standards, guide- lines and conditions for long-term conservation and management of sensitive species and habitat. Community Forest Management Plan The Community Forest Management Plan (2000) provides guidance to conserve forest areas through proper design, maintenance and education. The document includes guidelines and procedures for planting, maintaining, removing, replacing and preserving trees within public areas; some of the most visible landscape features include trees within the city’s rights-of-way and other public areas. Proposition C Open Space and Trails In 2002, Proposition C was passed by Carlsbad voters, which authorized the City Council to exceed the $1 million capital spending limit for specified projects, one of which was the acquisition of open space and trail linkages. The Proposi- tion C Open Space and Trails Ad Hoc Citizens’ Committee was formed by the City Council in October 2005 to establish a prioritized list of potential property acquisitions associated with the open space and trails linkage component of Proposition C. The committee solicited nominations of potential open space acquisitions and received proposals for 13 properties. These properties were ranked using the committee’s criteria and presented to the City Council in the 4-18 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 TABLE 4–2: HMP CONSERVATION TARGETS AND GAINS VEGETATION TYPE CONSERVATION TARGET (ACRES) HABITAT GAINS (AS OF DECEMBER 2012; ACRES) Grassland 707 637 Coastal Sage Scrub 2,139 1,777 Chaparral (Undifferentiated Types)676 605 Southern Maritime Chaparral 342 346 Oak Woodland 24 13 Eucalyptus Woodland 99 95 Riparian Scrub, Woodland and Forest 494 452 Marsh, Estuarine, Freshwater and Other Wetlands 1,252 1,184 Disturbed Lands 745 768 TOTAL TARGET CONSERVATION WITHIN CARLSBAD 6,478 5,877 Gnatcatcher Core Area Contribution 308 280 TOTAL HMP TARGET CONSERVATION 6,786 6,157 Sources: Habitat Management Plan for Natural Communities in the City of Carlsbad, November 2004; Annual Report for the Carlsbad Habitat Management Plan, Year 8 (April 13, 2013). TABLE 4–3: ACTIVELY MANAGED HMP PRESERVES OVER 100 ACRES IN SIZE, AS OF JULY 25, 2013 PRESERVE NAME SIZE (AC)PRESERVE MANAGER Rancho La Costa 831 Center for Natural Lands Management Batiquitos Lagoon Ecological Reserve 564 California Department of Fish and Wildlife Carlsbad Highlands Ecological Reserve 472 California Department of Fish and Wildlife Lake Calavera (city owned)257 Center for Natural Lands Management Calavera Hills II/Robertson Ranch 256 Center for Natural Lands Management Carlsbad Oaks North 220 Center for Natural Lands Management Agua Hedionda Ecological Reserve 197 California Department of Fish and Wildlife Buena Vista Creek Ecological Reserve 142 California Department of Fish and Wildlife Buena Vista Lagoon Ecological Reserve 140 California Department of Fish and Wildlife Macario Canyon (city owned)129 Center for Natural Lands Management La Costa Glen 108 Center for Natural Lands Management 4-19 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan committee’s final report in February 2007. Subsequent to the preparation of the final report, the City Council recommended three additional areas of the city be evaluated and included in the ranking. Using the committee’s report and other resources, the city works with non- profit organizations and state and federal wildlife agencies in exploring potential native habitat areas for open space conservation. Several conservation acquisi- tions have occurred to-date, including the Sherman property (now the CDFW’s Buena Vista Creek Ecological Reserve), the Mitsuuchi property near Batiquitos Lagoon, and two Caltrans properties near Agua Hedionda Lagoon. Whether or not the city acquires open space lands itself, or another agency acquires and conserves the land, the Proposition C committee recommendations and evalu- ation guidelines provide detailed criteria for the evaluation of future potential conservation sites. 4-20 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 4.4 Beaches An important component of the Carlsbad General Plan is the enhancement and maintenance of the city’s beach community character and connectedness. The city has seven miles of beach and coastline divided into three main sections: North Carlsbad beaches, Carlsbad State Beach, and South Carlsbad State Beach. The beaches are mostly owned and managed by the California State Parks and Recreation Department, which provides lifeguard/public safety service, main- tenance of public restrooms, picnic areas, operation of the South Carlsbad Campground, and various beach parking lots. Beaches in the city are described briefly below. North Carlsbad Beaches Beaches north of Pine Avenue to the Oceanside border are jointly owned by the state and the coastal property owners along that stretch. All North Carlsbad beaches are open to the public, and the City of Carlsbad provides public access to the beach at Rue des Chateaux, Beech Avenue, Christiansen Way, Grand Avenue, and Carlsbad Village Drive. Carlsbad State Beach Carlsbad State Beach, from Pine Avenue south to Cannon Road includes the Frazee State Beach, Tamarack Surf State Beach and Warm Water Jetty (in front of the power plant). This stretch of Carlsbad’s shoreline is one of San Diego County’s most popular beaches. The City of Carlsbad provides beach access at Pine Avenue, Sycamore Avenue, Maple Avenue, Cherry Avenue, Hemlock Avenue, and Tamarack Avenue. Two seawalls and a pedestrian walkway connect Pine Avenue to Cannon Road. The seawall south of Tamarack Avenue provides additional beach accessways and provides a pedestrian connection along this entire stretch of beach. South Carlsbad State Beach South Carlsbad State Beach stretches from La Costa Avenue to just north of Terramar Point and includes the popular 220-site South Carlsbad Campground and two day use areas. Beach areas within the South Carlsbad State Beach include the North Ponto and South Ponto beaches and Terramar Beach. 4-21 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan 4.5 Parks and Recreation Park Classification The General Plan establishes three park classifications, as described below and depicted on Figure 4-3. Community Parks Community parks are typically 20-50 acres in size (though there are several smaller parks “grandfathered” into this classification), and designed to serve the recreational needs of several neighborhoods, with a focus on serving families from the vicinity with daily frequency. Community parks generally provide active and passive use amenities; however, they are not limited to the exclusive use of either. Minimum facilities should include: • Family-oriented picnic areas • Group picnic areas • Turfed open space areas for free play • Multi-purpose playfield(s) (lighted when appropriate) • Tot lot areas • Structures for lectures, meetings, skills, instructions, etc. • Buffer areas • Special use facilities such as community gardens, swimming pools, tennis courts, horseshoes, handball and racquetball courts, bicycle paths, skate parks, dog parks, etc. as per specific community demand may be located within these parks if appropriate to the interests and needs of the com- munity in which the park is located. Special Use Areas Special use areas are typically between one and five acres in size, with only one or two basic uses, which can be either active or passive in orientation. Examples include, but are not limited to, swim facilities, skate parks, dog parks, tennis courts or picnic areas. School sites that operate under a joint-use facility agreement between the City of Carlsbad and a school district are also included in the inventory. Adequate access should be a primary siting criteria utilized in determining the location of special use areas. Special Resource Areas Special resource areas have citywide and potentially regional significance related to the quality of the site or service that it provides. This quality may be a natural feature (geological, ecological, hydrological), historical resource (archi- tectural, archaeological), or some combination thereof. Special resource areas are typically larger than community parks. 4-22 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Active and Passive Recreation. In addition to a park’s primary classification, the city may describe a park as containing active and/or passive areas. Parks can be developed with either active or passive park amenities or a combination of both. Active park areas typically provide a form of organized and/or supervised recreation, such as gymnasiums, swim complexes, multi-use ball fields, tot lots, hard court play surfaces, volleyball, horseshoe areas, BMX bike courses, and skate parks or a combination thereof. Passive park areas often provide minimal or no amenities associated with active use. The very nature of passive use implies quiet, contemplative, low impact activity, such as nature trails, walkways, picnic tables, benches, and small turf and/or landscaped areas. Regional Recreation. Three of the city’s special resource areas (Lake Calavera, Agua Hedionda Lagoon and Batiquitos Lagoon) and one community park (Veterans Memorial), as well as the beaches, serve a regional recreation need; however, they will continue to function pursuant to their primary park classifi- cation as identified above. Existing Park and Recreation Areas Carlsbad currently has 13 community parks (255.5 acres), 25 special use areas (68.5 acres), and five special resource areas (more than 1,300 acres). Table 4-4 provides a list of existing parks in the city, the quadrants in which they are located, and approximate acreages by park. Special resource areas do not count toward the Growth Management Plan. Although golf courses are a source of recreation, these park acreage numbers and ratios do not include land dedicated to golf courses (golf courses are not classified as parks). Golf courses are included in the calculation of the overall supply of open space in the city. Future Park and Recreation Areas The city’s Parks and Recreation Needs Assessment and Comprehensive Action Plan, which was completed in Fall 2013, indicates the current trends and rec- reational needs identified by the Carlsbad community. The plan is based upon extensive community participation, and Table 4-5 identifies some of the antici- pated future park development projects based upon input received. Parkland and Open Space Standards Growth Management The city’s Growth Management Plan facility standard for parks is described in Section 4.2 and summarized below in Table 4.6. The city annually monitors the status of compliance with all Growth Management Plan facilities standards. As of 2013, the city’s park facilities are consistent with the Growth Management Plan park facilities standard and citywide there is a ratio of three acres per 1,000 population. See below for information regarding future park demand. 4-23 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 MELROSE DR A L G A RD RA N C H O SA NTAFERDL A C O S TA AVE ELCAMINORE AL LA COSTA AVE SANDI EGONORTHERNRRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E T TI A LNPALOMA R AIR PORT RD C AM IN O VIDA R OBLE AVIARA P KWYP O IN S E T T I A LN PA LOMAR AIRPORT RD F ARA D AY A V E EL CAMINO REALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOLL E GEBLVDM A RRON R D C A R L S B A D V ILLAG ED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiq ui to s Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena VistaLagoon Calavera Lake MaerkleReservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside Hosp Grove Park & Trailhead Veterans Memorial Park (Future) Alga Norte Community Park (Under Construction)Poinsettia Community Park Aviara Community Park Stagecoach Community Park Calavera Hills Community Park Robertson Ranch (Future) Hidden Canyon Community Park Skate Park Cadencia Park Cannon Lake Park (Future) Zone 5 Park Laguna Rivera Park La Costa Canyon Park La Costa Heights Park Pio Pico Park Car Country Park Cannon Park Leo Carrillo Ranch Historic Park Zone 5 Park (Future) Maxton Brown Park Magee House & Park Chase Field Pine Ave Park Harding Community Center Senior Center Jefferson Elem. Field Holiday Park Magnolia Elementary FieldValley Junior High Monroe St. Swim Complex Carlsbad High School Tennis Courts Aviara Oaks School Field El Fuerte Park/ La Costa Meadows The Rancho CarlsbadGolf Course The CrossingGolf Course Four SeasonsAviara Golf Course La Costa ResortGolf Course Buena Vista Elem. Field Oak Park Harold E. Smerdu Community Garden Calavera Hills Trailhead Lagoon ObservationArea Ocean Street Sculpture Park and Sea Wall Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Figure 4-3 Parks & Recreation GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Existing Community Park Future Community Park Existing Special Use Areas Future Special Use Areas Existing Special Resource Areas Existing Golf Courses Other Open Space Figure 4-3: Parks 4-25 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan TABLE 4–4: EXISTING COMMUNITY PARKS, SPECIAL USE AREAS, AND SPECIAL RESOURCE AREAS (2013) FACILITY NAME QUADRANT ACRES Existing Community Parks Alga Norte Community Park SE 32.1 Aviara Community Park SW 24.3 Calavera Hills Community Park NE 17.7 Hidden Canyon Community Park (includes Carlsbad Village Drive open space)NE 22 Holiday Park NW 6.0 Hosp Grove Park NW 27.1 La Costa Canyon Community Park (includes La Costa Canyon open space)SE 14.7 Laguna Riviera Park NW 4.2 Leo Carrillo Ranch Historic Park (includes Carrillo Ranch open space)SE 27.4 Magee House and Park NW 2.1 Pine Avenue Park (includes Madison Street parcels)NW 8.2 Poinsettia Community Park (includes Poinsettia open space)SW 41.2 Stagecoach Community Park SE 28.5 Subtotal Community Parks 255.5 Existing Special Use Areas Aviara Oaks School Field SW 4.7 Buena Vista Elementary School Field NW 2.5 Business Park Recreational Facility (Zone 5 Park)NW 3.0 Cadencia Park SE 4.0 Calavera Hills Trailhead NE .4 Cannon Park NW 1.7 Car Country NW 1.0 Carlsbad High School Tennis Courts NW 1.7 Chase Field NW 2.7 Harding Community Center NW 1.0 Harold E. Smerdu Community Garden NW 1.3 Hosp Grove Trailheads NW 7.6 Jefferson Elementary School Field NW 2.2 La Costa Meadows Elementary/El Fuerte Park SE 4.7 Lagoon Observation Area NW 1.4 La Costa Heights Park SE 3.5 Magnolia Elementary School Field NW 4.0 Maxton Brown Park NW 0.9 Monroe Street Swim Complex NW 2.0 Oak Park NW 0.2 Ocean Street Sculpture Park and Sea Wall NW 1.9 Pio Pico Park NW 0.8 Senior Center Complex NW 3.4 4-26 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 TABLE 4–4: EXISTING COMMUNITY PARKS, SPECIAL USE AREAS, AND SPECIAL RESOURCE AREAS (2013) FACILITY NAME QUADRANT ACRES Skate Park NE 3.4 Valley Junior High School Field NW 8.5 Subtotal Special Use Areas 68.5 Existing Special Resource Areas Agua Hedionda Lagoon 254.0 Batiquitos Lagoon 484.0 Beaches 113.2 Buena Vista Lagoon 202.0 Lake Calavera 256.5 Subtotal Special Resource Areas 1,309.7 TOTAL EXISTING PARKLAND 1,633.7 Source: City of Carlsbad Parks and Recreation Department, 2013. TABLE 4–5: ANTICIPATED FUTURE PARK DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS QUAD PARK DEVELOPMENT PROJECT PARK CLASSIFICATION ESTIMATED PARK ACREAGE NW Cannon Lake Park Special Use Area 6.9 NW Business Park Recreational Facility (Zone 5 Park) Expansion Special Use Area 10 NE Robertson Ranch Park Special Use Area 13 SW Poinsettia Community Park- Phase IIb Community Park NA1 SE Leo Carrillo Ranch Park-Phase III Community Park NA1 CITYWIDE Veteran’s Memorial Park Community Park 90 1 Improvements within existing park acreage; no additional park acreage to be added. 4-27 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan TABLE 4–6: PARK FACILITY STANDARDS CLASSIFICATION SIZE LEVEL OF SERVICE ACCESS OWNERSHIP STANDARD Special Resource Area 100 acres + unique character and/or use not found in community parks Citywide Vehicular, bicycle, pedestrian Public N/A Community Park 20-50 acres as a guideline, where acquisition of sufficient acreage is possible Community Vehicular, bicycle, pedestrian Public 3 acres of community park or special use area per1,000 population Special Use Area 1-5 acres Neighborhood and community Vehicular, bicycle, pedestrian Public, private and quasi-public Recreational Facilities for Industrial Areas Negotiable In proximity to employees Vehicular, bicycle, pedestrian Public/private _1 1 There is a fee based on square feet of industrial floor area. Quimby Act The 1975 Quimby Act (California Government Code Section 66477) authorizes cities to require developers to set aside land or pay fees for park improvements. The goal of the act is to require developers to help provide for parkland needs of new development. The act allows cities to require dedication or in lieu fees for community and neighborhood parkland contributions up to three acres per 1,000 population, or up to five acres per 1,000 population to match the existing ratio if it is higher than three acres per 1,000 population. Under the Quimby Act, fees must be paid and/or land conveyed directly to the local public agencies that provide park and recreation services communitywide; however, revenues generated through the Quimby Act cannot be used for the operation and maintenance of park facilities. The city’s parkland standards are consistent with the Quimby Act. 4-28 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Future Demand and Parkland Distribution Carlsbad will have an estimated 52,320 dwelling units and 131,152 residents at buildout. Based on this projection and applying the current park standards from the Growth Management Plan, future demand for park land will be 393.5 acres citywide. Assuming completion of currently planned parks, including Veteran’s Memorial Park and Robertson Ranch Park, the city will at buildout have a parkland surplus in each of the four quadrants, and a 50.4 acre surplus citywide. Table 4-7 summarizes the city’s projected park needs and the estimated amount of future park acreage. TABLE 4–7: PARK NEEDS PROJECTED FOR BUILDOUT QUADRANT BUILDOUT ESTIMATE Northwest Population Estimate 37,844 Park Acres Needed 113.5 Future Park Acres1 134.8 Future Surplus or (Deficit)21.3 Northeast Population Estimate 22,666 Park Acres Needed 68 Future Park Acres1 79 Future Surplus or (Deficit)11 Southwest Population Estimate 28,857 Park Acres Needed 86.6 Future Park Acres1 92.7 Future Surplus or (Deficit)6.1 Southeast Population Estimate 41,785 Park Acres Needed 125.4 Future Park Acres1 137.4 Future Surplus or (Deficit)12 Citywide Population Estimate 131,152 Park Acres Needed 393.5 Future Park Acres1 443.9 Future Surplus or (Deficit)50.4 1 Future park acres include the acreage of existing and future planned parks per Tables 4-4 and 4-5. In regard to Veteran’s Memorial Park, because of the park’s central location in the city, the 90 acre park will count toward satisfying the park needs of each quadrant (22.5 acres per quadrant). 4-29 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 City of Oceanside La Costa CanyonHigh School CarlsbadHighSchool Sage CreekHigh School MELROS E DR AL GA R D R AN C H O SANTAFERDL A C O S TA AVE ELCAMINORE AL LA COSTA AVE SANDI EGONORTHERNRRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E T T I A LNPALOMA R A I R P ORT RD C AM I N O VIDA R OBLE AVIARA P KWYP O I N S E T T IA LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD F ARA D AY A V E EL CAMINO REALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOLL E GEBLVDM A RRON RD C A R LSB A D V ILLAGED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiqu i t os Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena VistaLagoon CalaveraLake MaerkleReservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n Hosp GrovePark Veterans Memorial Park (Future) Alga Norte Community Park PoinsettiaCommunity Park Aviara Community Park Stagecoach Community Park Calavera HillsCommunity Park Robertson Ranch(Future) Hidden Canyon Park Leo Carrillo Ranch Historic Park Skate Park Cadencia Park Cannon Lake Park(Future) Zone 5 Park(Future) Laguna Rivera Park La Costa CanyonCommunity Park El Fuerte Park/La Costa Meadows La Costa Heights Park Pio PicoPark Car Country Park Maxton Brown Park Cannon Park MageeHouse &Park HolidayPark ChaseField Pine AvePark SeniorCenter Aviara OaksSchool Field Lagoon ObservationArea Ocean StreetSculpture Parkand Sea Wall CalaveraHills Trailhead Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Public Schools Existing Parks Future Parks Open Space Figure 4-4 Existing and Planned Future Trails GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES 2, Existing Paved Trail 3, Existing Unpaved Trail 3, Future Unpaved Trail 4, Existing Paved Open Space Trail 5, Existing Unpaved Open Space Trail 5, Future Unpaved Open Space Trail 6, Existing Regional Coastal Rail Trail & Sea Wall 6, Future Regional Coastal Rail Trail & Sea Wall 1, Existing Bike Lanes and Sidewalk 1, Future Bike Lanes and Sidewalk The conceptual alignments shown on this exhibit are intended to be flexible and should not be interpreted to be rigid alignments. It is anticipated that the alignments and public easements for open space multi-use trials will be adjusted as warranted by environmental analysis and detailed planning when future developments occurs for the future exhibited alignments. However, the points where a trail passes from one zone to an adjacent zone or from one property ownership to another should remain consistent with the conceptual alignments as shown unless an agreement has been reached with the adjacent zone or property ownership to shift the alignment. A General Plan amendment will not be required in the future to specifically site the conceptual alignments shown on this plan. A General Plan amendment wil be required if any trail segment shown on this conceptual plan is deleted. 7, Future South Carlsbad Coastal Figure 4-4: Existing and Planned Future Recreational Trails 4-31 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan 4.6 Trails and Greenway System Trails and greenways offer community benefits as places for exercise and solitude, and also play a key role in physically connecting the community and creating a network of open spaces. The City of Carlsbad has been working for many years to develop and implement a comprehensive trails system. Beginning in 1990, a Trails Feasibility Study laid the groundwork for planning trails in the city. The city’s Open Space and Conservation Resource Management Plan (1992) expanded upon the study and provided conceptual trail alignments used to plan the city’s trail network; this plan continues to be consulted for improvements to the city’s trail network. In 2001 the City Council approved the Citywide Trails Report, which outlined the future vision and immediate steps to be taken to implement the Citywide Trails Plan. Currently there are approximately 38 miles of unpaved recreational trails located in a variety of open space areas of the city; current plans call for another 23 miles to be built in the future. Existing trails are listed in Table 4-8, and existing and planned future recreational trails are indicated on Figure 4-4. Carlsbad community members who participated in the Envision Carlsbad Phase 1 visioning process indicated that a major challenge to trails develop- ment and maintenance is the proper design and designation of trails by user group. Community members indicated that different user groups (walkers, bicyclists, equestrians) have different trail needs and that the network should provide different kinds of resources for each group. An important consideration for future trails development will be connectivity between off-road trails and major on-road pedestrian and bicycle routes, such that future improvements in the trail system also contribute to linkages between important sites (beaches, lagoons, schools, and others). 4-32 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 TABLE 4–8: EXISTING TRAILS OPEN SPACE TRAILS TRAIL SURFACE LENGTH Aviara Unpaved 6.0 Legoland Paved 0.5 Hosp Grove Unpaved 3.0 Cove Drive/Agua Hedionda Unpaved 0.3 San Pacifico Unpaved 1.0 Rancho Carrillo Paved/unpaved 4.0 La Costa Valley Paved/unpaved 1.3 La Costa Glen Unpaved 1.2 Villagio Unpaved 0.4 Arroyo Vista Unpaved 0.7 Hidden Canyon Park Unpaved 0.3 Villages of La Costa: The Oaks-South Paved/old RSF Road 1.5 Villages of La Costa: The Ridge Unpaved 1.5 Villages of La Costa: The Oaks-North Unpaved 2.0 The Crossings/Veteran's Park Unpaved/paved 3.0 24 Hour Fitness to Hidden Valley Road Unpaved 1.0 Village H-North of CBVD Unpaved 0.4 Palomar Forum-Melrose/PAR Unpaved 0.3 Robertson Ranch Unpaved 1.5 Carlsbad Oaks North Business Park Unpaved 1.3 Lake Calavera Unpaved 6.2 The Ranch Unpaved 0.7 Agua Hedionda Discovery Center Unpaved 0.3 Subtotal Open Space Trails 38.4 Mobility Element Trails Calle Barcelona Paved 1.3 College/Cannon Avenue - Calavera Hills II/RR Unpaved 1.5 El Fuerte - Bressi Ranch Unpaved 1.0 Alicante Road - VLC- The Greens Unpaved/paved 1.0 Poinsettia Lane - El Fuerte to Brigantine Unpaved 2.1 Subtotal Circulation Element Trails 6.9 Special Coastal Regional Trails Sea Wall Paved 0.7 Coastal Rail Trail Paved 0.7 Subtotal Special Coastal Regional Trails 1.4 TOTAL TRAIL MILES 46.7 Totals may not add due to rounding. Source: City of Carlsbad Parks and Recreation Department, 2013. 4-33 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan 4.7 Agricultural Resources Existing Agricultural Lands The City of Carlsbad’s agricultural and horticultural resources are considered a valuable part of the city’s open space heritage. Various levels of farming and cultivation of agricultural crops have occurred in the city. In the late 1880s agri- culture development consisted of citrus fruits, avocados and olives and by the early 1900s dry farming was the town’s principle industry. By 1914 farming was expanded to include flowers. The Flower Fields and strawberry fields constitute a large portion of the existing agricultural uses. The Flower Fields are a result of more than 85 years of floral cultivation, and today, comprise more than 50 acres of Giant Tecolote Ranuncu- lus flowers, as well as approximately five acres of other specialty flowers, located at Carlsbad Ranch, east of Interstate 5 and north of Palomar Airport Road (see Figure 4-6). Other agricultural uses in the city include an additional 45 acres of agricultural land located north of the Flower Fields along the south side of Cannon Road, and approximately 26 acres located to the east of that site (these sites are part of the Carlsbad Ranch Specific Plan and are lands affected by Prop- osition D; see discussion below). An additional site located on the north side of Cannon Road along the south shore of Agua Hedionda Lagoon consists of approximately 172 acres, a portion of which is occupied by the existing straw- berry fields (a portion of this area is affected by Proposition D). The Carlsbad Strawberry Company’s fields are approximately 80 acres in size and have been in production for more than 40 years. In recognition of this history, an agricultural conversion mitigation fee program was instituted as an incentive to retain agricultural land, and to support agri- cultural uses in the future. Under the program, $10,000 per acre is paid to the city when agricultural lands in identified areas within the Coastal Zone are developed; the funds are used to enhance the natural and agricultural environ- ment, including the development of farmworker housing. Cannon Road Open Space, Farming and Public Use Corridor The area along the Cannon Road corridor east of the Interstate 5 freeway presently consists primarily of open space and existing farming operations including the Flower Fields located to the south of Cannon Road and the existing strawberry fields located to the north of Cannon Road. These areas present a unique opportunity for the city to create a sustainable, community- oriented open space area that balances social, economic and environmental values important to the community. In 2006, Carlsbad voters approved Prop- osition D, which encourages the continuation of agriculture on the lands for as long as such use is economically feasible for the landowner. Following voter approval of Proposition D, the City Council adopted the Cannon Road 4-34 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Agricultural and Open Space Zone to implement the proposition. The new zone will become effective when the California Coastal Commission approves the associated LCP amendment. Once effective, the new zone will specify that if the landowners choose to discontinue agricultural use of the land, only open space uses or limited commercial development associated with permitted agri- cultural or open space uses is allowed. The strawberry fields (top), and Flower Fields, (bottom), are existing agricultural businesses in Carlsbad, as well as iconic open spaces for many community members. 4-35 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 MELROSE DR A L G A RD RAN C H O SANTAFERDL A C O STA AVE ELCAMINORE AL LA COSTA AVE SAN D I EGONORTHERN RRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E T TIA L NPALOMA R A I R PORT RD C AM IN O VIDA R O BLE AVIARA P KWYP O IN S E T TI A LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD FARAD AY AVE EL CAMINO R EALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOL L EGEBLVDM A RRON RD C A R LSBA D V ILLAGED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiqu it o s Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena Vista Lagoon CalaveraLake MaerkleReservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2012; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Agricultural Land Intensive Agriculture Extensive Agriculture Figure 4-6 Existing Agricultural Lands GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Cannon Road Open Space, Farming, and Public Use Corridor Figure 4-5: Existing Agricultural Lands 4-37 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan 4.8 Air Quality Carlsbad’s weather is influenced by the Pacific Ocean and its semi-permanent high-pressure systems that result in dry, warm summers and mild, occasion- ally wet winters. Carlsbad is located within the San Diego Air Basin (SDAB) and is subject to the San Diego Air Pollution Control District guidelines and regu- lations. The SDAB is one of 15 air basins that geographically divide the State of California. The SDAB experiences frequent temperature inversions, trapping pollutions and creating smog. Subsidence inversions occur during the warmer months as descending air associated with the Pacific High pressure zone meets cool marine air. Radiation inversions develop on winter nights when air near the ground cools by heat radiation and air aloft remains warm. Sensitive Receptors Reduced visibility, eye irritation, and adverse health impacts are the most serious hazards of existing air quality conditions in the area. Some land uses are considered more sensitive to changes in air quality than others, depending on the population groups and the activities involved. People most likely to be affected by air pollution, as identified by the California Air Resources Board (CARB), include children, the elderly, athletes, and people with cardiovascu- lar and chronic respiratory diseases. Sensitive receptors include residences, schools, playgrounds, childcare centers, athletic facilities, long-term health care facilities, rehabilitation centers, convalescent centers, and retirement homes. Air Quality Standards Federal Clean Air Act The federal Clean Air Act, passed in 1970 and last amended in 1990, forms the basis for the national air pollution control effort. The U.S. Environmental Pro- tection Agency (EPA) is responsible for implementing most aspects of the Clean Air Act, including the setting of National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for “criteria pollutants” under the Clean Air Act. States with areas that exceed the NAAQS must prepare a state implementation plan that demon- strates how those areas will attain the standards within mandated time frames. State Regulations The federal Clean Air Act delegates the regulation of air pollution control and the enforcement of the NAAQS to the states. In California, the task of air quality management and regulation has been legislatively granted to the CARB, with subsidiary responsibilities assigned to air quality management districts and air pollution control districts at the regional and county levels. The CARB has established California Ambient Air Quality Standards (CAAQS), which are generally more restrictive than the NAAQS. The NAAQS and CAAQS are presented in Table 4-9, Ambient Air Quality Standards. 4-38 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 TABLE 4–9: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS CALIFORNIA STANDARDS1 NATIONAL STANDARDS2 POLLUTANT AVERAGE TIME CONCENTRATION3 PRIMARY3,4 SECONDARY3,5 Ozone (O3)1 hour 0.09 ppm (180 μg/m3)—Same as Primary Standard 8 hour 0.070 ppm (137 μg/m3)0.075 ppm (147 μg/ m3) Carbon Monoxide (CO) 1 hour 20 ppm (23 mg/m3)35 ppm (40 mg/m3)— 8 hour 9.0 ppm (10 mg/m3)9 ppm (10 mg/m3) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2)6 1 hour 0.18 ppm (339 μg/m3)0.100 ppm (188 μg/ m3) Same as Primary Standard Annual Arithmetic Mean 0.030 ppm (57 μg/m3)0.053 ppm (100 μg/ m3) Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)7 1 hour 0.25 ppm (655 μg/m3)0.75 ppm (196 μg/m3)— 3 hour ——0.5 ppm (1300 μg/m3) 24 hour 0.04 ppm (105 μg/m3)0.14 ppm (for certain areas)7 Annual Arithmetic Mean — 0.030 ppm (for certain areas)7 — PM108 24 hour 50 μg/m3 150 μg/m3 Same as Primary Standard Annual Arithmetic Mean 20 μg/m3 — PM2.58 24 hour —35 μg/m3 Same as Primary Standard Annual Arithmetic Mean 12 μg/m3 12.0 μg/m3 15.0 μg/m3 Lead9,10 30-day Average 1.5 μg/m3 —— Calendar Quarter —1.5 μg/m3 (for certain areas)10 Same as Primary Standard Rolling 3-Month Average —0.15 μg/m3 Hydrogen Sulfide 1 hour 0.03 ppm (42 μg/m3)—— Vinyl Chloride9 24 hour 0.01 ppm (26 μg/m3)—— Sulfates 24 hour 25 µg/m3 —— Visibility reducing particles11 8 hour (10:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. PST) See footnote 11 —— ppm= parts per million by volume μg/m3 = micrograms per cubic meter mg/m3= milligrams per cubic meter 4-39 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan San Diego Air Pollution Control District (SDAPCD) While the CARB is responsible for the regulation of mobile emission sources within the state, local air quality management districts and air pollution control districts are responsible for enforcing standards and regulating stationary sources. In San Diego County, O3 and particulate matter are the pollutants of main concern, since the CAAQS for those pollutants are exceeded here in most years. For this reason, the SDAB has been designated as a nonattainment area for the state’s PM10, PM2.5, and O3 (1-hour and 8-hour) standards. The SDAB is also a federal O3 marginal nonattainment area for the 2008 8-hour NAAQS for O3 and a CO attain- ment (maintenance) area. The SDAPCD and SANDAG are responsible for developing and implementing the clean air plan for attainment and maintenance of the ambient air quality standards in the SDAB, and the SDAPCD has developed rules and regulations that apply to construction in the region and several stationary sources. TABLE 4–9: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS 1 California standards for ozone, carbon monoxide (except 8-hour Lake Tahoe), sulfur dioxide (1 and 24 hour), nitrogen dioxide, and particulate matter (PM10, PM2.5, and visibility reducing particles), are values that are not to be exceeded. All others are not to be equaled or exceeded. CAAQS are listed in the Table of Standards in Section 70200 of Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations. 2 National standards (other than O3, NO2, SO2, particulate matter, and those based on annual averages or annual arithmetic mean) are not to be exceeded more than once a year. The O3 standard is attained when the fourth highest 8-hour concentration in a year, averaged over 3 years, is equal to or less than the standard. For NO2 and SO2, the standard is attained when the 3-year average of the 98th and 99th percentile, respec- tively, of the daily maximum 1-hour average at each monitor within an area does not exceed the standard. For PM10, the 24-hour standard is attained when the expected number of days per calendar year with a 24-hour average concentration above 150 μg/m3 is equal to or less than one. For PM2.5, the 24-hour standard is attained when 98% of the daily concentrations, averaged over 3 years, are equal to or less than the standard. 3 Concentration expressed first in units in which it was promulgated. Equivalent units given in parentheses are based upon a reference tempera- ture of 25°C and a reference pressure of 760 torr. Most measurements of air quality are to be corrected to a reference temperature of 25°C and a reference pressure of 760 torr; ppm in this table refers to ppm by volume, or micromoles of pollutant per mole of gas. 4 National Primary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary, with an adequate margin of safety to protect the public health. 5 National Secondary Standards: The levels of air quality necessary to protect the public welfare from any known or anticipated adverse effects of a pollutant. 6 To attain the 1-hour national standard, the 3-year average of the annual 98th percentile of the 1-hour daily maximum concentrations at each site must not exceed 100 ppb. Note that the national 1-hour standard is in units of parts per billion (ppb). California standards are in units of parts per million (ppm). To directly compare the national 1-hour standard to the California standards, the units can be converted from ppb to ppm. In this case, the national standard of 100 ppb is identical to 0.100 ppm. 7 On June 2, 2010, a new 1-hour SO2 standard was established, and the existing 24-hour and annual primary standards were revoked. To attain the 1-hour national standard, the 3-year average of the annual 99th percentile of the 1-hour daily maximum concentrations at each site must not exceed 75 ppb. The 1971 SO2 national standards (24-hour and annual) remain in effect until 1 year after an area is designated for the 2010 standard, except that in areas designated nonattainment for the 1971 standards, the 1971 standards remain in effect until implementation plans to attain or maintain the 2010 standards are approved. 8 On December 14, 2012, the national annual PM2.5 primary standard was lowered from 15 μg/m3 to 12 μg/m3. The existing national 24-hour PM2.5 standards (primary and secondary) were retained at 35 μg/m3, as was the annual secondary standard of 15 μg/m3. The existing 24-hour PM10 standards (primary and secondary) of 150 μg/m3 also were retained. The form of the annual primary and secondary standards is the an- nual mean, averaged over 3 years. 9 CARB has identified lead and vinyl chloride as ‘toxic air contaminants’ with no threshold level of exposure for adverse health effects deter- mined. These actions allow for the implementation of control measures at levels below the ambient concentrations specified for these pollut- ants. 10 The national standard for lead was revised on October 15, 2008, to a rolling 3-month average. The 1978 lead standard (1.5 μg/m3 as a quarterly average) remains in effect until 1 year after an area is designated for the 2008 standard, except that in areas designated nonattainment for the 1978 standard, the 1978 standard remains in effect until implementation plans to attain or maintain the 2008 standard are approved. 11 In 1989, the ARB converted both the general statewide 10-mile visibility standard and the Lake Tahoe 30-mile visibility standard to instrumental equivalents, which are “extinction of 0.23 per kilometer” and “extinction of 0.07 per kilometer” for the statewide and Lake Tahoe Air Basin standards, respectively. Source: CARB 2013d. 4-40 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Criteria Air Pollutants Criteria air pollutants are defined as pollutants for which the federal and state governments have established ambient air quality standards, or criteria, for outdoor concentrations to protect public health. Ozone. O3 is a colorless gas that is formed in the atmosphere when volatile organic compounds (VOCs), sometimes referred to as reactive organic gases, and nitrogen oxides react in the presence of ultraviolet sunlight. The primary sources of VOCs and NOx, the precursors of O3, are automobile exhaust and industrial sources. Ideal conditions for O3 formation occur during summer and early autumn, on days with low wind speeds or stagnant air, warm tempera- tures, and cloudless skies. Short-term exposures (lasting for a few hours) to O3 at levels typically observed in Southern California can result in breathing pattern changes, reduction of breathing capacity, increased susceptibility to infections, inflammation of the lung tissue, and some immunological changes. Nitrogen Dioxide. Most NO2, like O3, is not directly emitted into the atmo- sphere but is formed by an atmospheric chemical reaction between nitric oxide (NO) and atmospheric oxygen. NO and NO2 are collectively referred to as NOx and are major contributors to O3 formation. High concentrations of NO2 can cause breathing difficulties and result in a brownish-red cast to the atmosphere with reduced visibility. Carbon Monoxide. CO is a colorless and odorless gas formed by the incom- plete combustion of fossil fuels. CO is emitted almost exclusively from motor vehicles, power plants, refineries, industrial boilers, ships, aircraft, and trains. In urban areas, automobile exhaust accounts for the majority of CO emissions. CO is a non-reactive air pollutant that dissipates relatively quickly; therefore, ambient CO concentrations generally follow the spatial and temporal distribu- tions of vehicular traffic. The highest levels of CO in Carlsbad typically occur during the colder months of the year—November to February—when inversion conditions are more frequent. Sulfur Dioxide. SO2 is a colorless, pungent gas formed primarily by the combus- tion of sulfur-containing fossil fuels. Main sources of SO2 are coal and oil used in power plants and industries; as such, the highest levels of SO2 are generally found near large industrial complexes. In recent years, SO2 concentrations have been reduced by the increasingly stringent controls placed on stationary source emissions of SO2 and limits on the sulfur content of fuels. Particulate Matter. Particulate matter pollution consists of very small liquid and solid particles floating in the air, which can include smoke, soot, dust, salts, acids, and metals, from sources such as automobiles, fireplaces, and industrial sources. PM2.5 and PM10 represent fractions of particulate matter (in microns) and pose a greater health risk than larger-size particles. 4-41 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan Lead. Lead in the atmosphere occurs as particulate matter. Sources of lead include leaded gasoline, the manufacturing of batteries, paint, ink, ceramics, and ammunition and secondary lead smelters. Prior to 1978, mobile emissions were the primary source of atmospheric lead. Between 1978 and 1987, the phase-out of leaded gasoline reduced the overall inventory of airborne lead by nearly 95%. With the phase-out of leaded gasoline, secondary lead smelters, battery recycling, and manufacturing facilities are becoming lead-emission sources of greater concern. Toxic Air Contaminants. A substance is considered toxic if it has the potential to cause adverse health effects in humans, including increasing the risk of cancer upon exposure, or acute and/or chronic non-cancer health effects. A toxic substance released into the air is considered a toxic air contaminant (TAC). Examples include certain aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, certain metals, and asbestos. TACs are generated by a number of sources, including stationary sources such as dry cleaners, gas stations, combustion sources, and lab- oratories; mobile sources such as automobiles; and area sources such as landfills. Local Air Quality SDAB Attainment Designation An area is designated in attainment when it is in compliance with the NAAQS and/or CAAQS. These standards establish the maximum level of a given air pollutant that can exist in the outdoor air without unacceptable effects on human health or the public welfare. TABLE 4–10: SDAB ATTAINMENT CLASSIFICATION POLLUTANT FEDERAL DESIGNATION STATE DESIGNATION Ozone (O3) (1 hour)Attainment1 Nonattainment Ozone (O3) (8 hour)Nonattainment (Former Subpart I/ Basic) Nonattainment Carbon Monoxide (CO)Attainment (Maintenance Area)Attainment PM10 Unclassifiable2 Nonattainment PM2.5 Attainment Nonattainment Nitrogen Oxide (NO2)Attainment Attainment Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)Attainment Attainment Lead Attainment Attainment Sulfates (no federal standard)Attainment Hydrogen Sulfide (no federal standard)Unclassified Visibility-Reducing Particles (no federal standard)Unclassified 1 The federal 1-hour standard of 0.12 ppm was in effect from 1979 through June 15, 2005. The revoked standard is referenced here because it was employed for such a long period and because this benchmark is addressed in State Implementation Plans. 2 At the time of designation, if the available data does not support a designation of attainment or nonattainment, the area is designated as unclassifiable. Sources: EPA 2012a; CARB 2012c. 4-42 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 The criteria pollutants of primary concern that are considered in this air quality assessment include O3, NO2, CO, SO2, PM10, and PM2.5. Although there are no ambient standards for VOCs or NOx, they are important as precursors to O3. The SDAB is designated by EPA as an attainment (maintenance) area for the 1997 8-hour NAAQS for O3 and as a marginal nonattainment area for the 2008 8-hour NAAQS for O3. The SDAB was designated in attainment for all other criteria pollutants under the NAAQS with the exception of PM10, which was determined to be unclassifiable. The SDAB is currently designated nonattain- ment for O3 and particulate matter, PM10 and PM2.5, under the CAAQS. It is designated attainment for the CAAQS for CO, NO2, SO2, lead, and sulfates. Table 4-10, SDAB Attainment Classification, summarizes San Diego County’s federal and state attainment designations for each of the criteria pollutants. Air Quality Monitoring Data The SDAPCD operates a network of ambient air monitoring stations through- out San Diego County, which measure ambient concentrations of pollutants and determine whether the ambient air quality meets the CAAQS and the NAAQS. Ambient concentrations of pollutants from 2009 through 2011 collected at three stations closest to Carlsbad are presented in Table 4-11. The number of days exceeding the NAAQS and CAAQS is shown in Table 4-12. The state 8 hour O3 standards were exceeded in 2009, 2010 and 2011; the state 1 hour standards were exceeded in 2009, while the federal 8-hour O3 standard was exceeded in 2009. The state 24-hour PM10 standard was exceeded in 2009; the state annual PM10 standard was exceeded in 2009 and 2010; and the federal 24-hour PM2.5 standard was exceeded in 2009, 2010 and 2011. Air quality in the Carlsbad region was in compliance with both CAAQS and NAAQS for NO2, CO, and SO2 during this monitoring period. 4-43 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan TABLE 4–11: AMBIENT AIR QUALITY DATA (PPM UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED) POLLUTANT AVERAGE TIME 2009 2010 2011 MOST STRINGENT AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARD MONITORING STATION Ozone (O3)8-hour 0.084 0.072 0.075 0.070 Del Mar – Mira Costa College1-hour 0.97 0.85 0.091 0.090 PM10 Annual 24.6 µg/m3 21.0 µg/m3 18.8 µg/m3 20 µg/m3 Escondido – East Valley Parkway24-hour 74.0 µg/m3 43.0 µg/m3 40.0 µg/m3 50 µg/m3 PM2.5 Annual1 13.4 µg/m3 12.2 µg/m3 10.4 µg/m3 12 µg/m3 Escondido – East Valley Parkway24-hour 78.4 µg/m3 52.2 µg/m3 27.4 µg/m3 35 µg/m3 NO2 Annual 0.016 0.014 0.013 0.030 Escondido – East Valley Parkway1-hour 0.073 0.064 0.062 0.180 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 8-hour 3.54 2.46 2.30 9.0 Escondido – East Valley Parkway1-hour2 4.40 3.90 3.50 20 Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Annual 0.001 0.000 —0.030 San Diego – 1110 Beardsley Street24-hour 0.006 0.002 0.003 0.040 Data represent maximum values 1 Federal data reflected for 2009 and 2010; not determined for California method. 2 Data were taken from EPA 2012c Source: CARB 2012c; EPA 2012. TABLE 4–12: FREQUENCY OF AIR QUALITY STANDARD VIOLATIONS MONITORING SITE YEAR STATE 1-HOUR O3 STATE 8-HOUR O3 NATIONAL 8-HOUR O3 STATE 24-HOUR PM101 NATIONAL 24-HOUR PM2.5 1 Del Mar – Mira Costa College 2009 1 3 1 —— 2010 0 2 0 —— 2011 0 1 0 —— Escondido – East Valley Parkway 2009 ———5.6 (1)2.0 (2) 2010 ———0.0 (0)2.0 (2) 2011 ———0.0 (0)3.0 (3) 1 Measurements of PM10 and PM2.5 are usually collected every 6 days and daily, respectively. “Number of days exceeding the standards” is a mathematical estimate of the number of days concentrations would have been greater than the level of the standard had each day been moni- tored. The numbers in parentheses are the measured number of samples that exceeded the standard. Source: CARB 2012b. 4-44 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 4.9 Water Quality Local Surface Waters For administrative purposes, the San Diego Region is divided into 11 hydro- logic units, which flow from elevated regions in the east toward coastal lagoons, estuaries, or bays in the west. The Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit (HU) is approx- imately 210 square miles in area extending from the headwaters above Lake Wolhford in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and from Vista and Oceanside in the north to Solana Beach, Escondido, and the community of Rancho Santa Fe to the south. The cities of Carlsbad, San Marcos, and Encinitas are entirely within this HU. There are numerous important surface hydrologic features within the Carlsbad HU including four unique coastal lagoons, three major creeks, and two large water storage reservoirs. Most of the surface flow in the streams and rivers of the San Diego Region comes from precipitation runoff and storm events. Precipitation occurs pre- dominantly during the winter and spring months, and as a result, streamflows are highest during this period. Surface flows during summer and fall months are typically low, and consist of urban runoff, agricultural runoff, and surfacing groundwater. Surface Water Quality Major impacts to the Carlsbad HU include surface water quality degrada- tion, sewage spills, beach closures, sedimentation, habitat degradation and loss, invasive species, and eutrophication. Pollutant conditions in the Carlsbad HU include bacterial indicators, eutrophic conditions, nutrients, sediments, sulfates, nitrates and phosphates. The sources of these pollutants are varied and include urban runoff, agricultural runoff, sewage spills, livestock/domestic animals, and other natural sources. Key water quality issues with the city’s principal surface watersheds are discussed below. Buena Vista Lagoon Buena Vista Lagoon is a 350-acre fresh water lagoon managed by CDFW as a nature reserve. The principal water quality issues in the watershed relate to the lagoon, which is listed as impaired for nutrients, indicator bacteria, and sedi- mentation/siltation on the EPA’s 2008 303(d) list; a listing means that waters are polluted or otherwise degraded and the total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) of pollutants that the waterbody can receive and still safely meet water quality standards need to be developed. The City of Vista has installed a series of check dams and a detention basin to assist in the removal of sediments traveling through the Buena Vista Creek, which is listed as impaired for selenium. 4-45 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan Agua Hedionda Lagoon Agua Hedionda Lagoon is comprised of three inter-connected lagoons, divided by the Interstate 5 freeway and a railroad bridge. The Agua Hedionda Ecological Reserve was acquired in 2000 by the CDFW and consists of 186 acres of wetland at the eastern end of the lagoon. Although Agua Hedionda Lagoon is not listed as impaired, Agua Hedionda Creek, which feeds into Agua Hedionda Lagoon, is listed as impaired for indicator bacteria, phosphorus, Total Nitrogen as N, toxicity, manganese, and selenium on the EPA’s 2008 303(d) list. Batiquitos Lagoon Batiquitos Lagoon was originally open to the ocean, but over time the construc- tion of transportation corridors and other development resulted in sediment closing off the lagoon. In the mid-1990s, a significant lagoon restoration and enhancement project allowed for the lagoon to open to the ocean again, as it exists today. CDFW is responsible for ongoing maintenance and monitoring of the lagoon. Although Batiquitos Lagoon is not listed as impaired, two of the creeks that feed into Batiquitos Lagoon are listed—Encinitas Creek is listed as impaired for selenium and toxicity, and San Marcos Creek is listed as impaired for DDE, phosphorus, selenium, and sediment toxicity on the EPA’s 2008 303(d) list. TMDLs for the impaired waters associated with the three lagoons are being developed by the San Diego Water Board. Water Pollution As additional development occurs in Carlsbad and in other communities within the Carlsbad HU, impervious surfaces may increase from the placement of roads, parking lots, buildings and other infrastructure. Impervious surfaces reduce the amount of water infiltration into the ground and increase direct runoff into the city’s creeks and lagoons; also, increased pollution can be generated from the daily activities of new residents and businesses. The increased direct runoff and daily activities could result in further water quality degradation and flooding concerns. In addition, if not controlled, development activities have the potential to cause soil erosion and sedimentation, which may result in increased rates of surface runoff, decreased water quality, and related environmental damage. The City of Carlsbad currently employs a number of measures, including best management practices (BMPs), to prevent pollutants and hazardous materials from entering municipal stormwater conveyance systems. As storm drains are not connected to sanitary sewer infrastructure, water conveyed to these drains are not treated prior to discharging into creeks, lagoons and the ocean. Therefore, pollutants must be reduced and/or removed before entering urban convey- ance systems. The city’s Storm Water Protection Program covers all phases of development through planning, construction and existing development and 4-46 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 educates and monitors developers, businesses, municipal facilities, residents, school children, and the general public to help prevent pollutants and other hazardous materials from entering storm drains. Regulatory Context Clean Water Act The 1972 federal Clean Water Act (CWA) is the primary federal law regulating water quality in the United States. Its objective is to reduce or eliminate water pollution in the nation’s rivers, streams, lakes, and coastal waters. At the federal level, the CWA is administered by the EPA. In California, the CWA is adminis- tered and enforced by the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) and nine regional water quality control boards. National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Program The federal Water Pollution Control Act established the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program to control discharges of pollutants from point sources (Section 402). The NPDES permit program is the primary federal program that regulates point source and nonpoint-source discharges to waters of the United States. The SWRCB issues both general and individual NPDES permits for certain activities. 4-47 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan 4.10 Goals and Policies Goals Open Space Framework 4-G.1 Develop a balanced and integrated open space system reflecting a variety of considerations—resource conservation, production of resources, recreation, and aesthetic and community identity—and ensuring synergies between various open space components and compatibility with land use planning. Biological Resources and Open Space for Conservation 4-G.2 Protect environmentally sensitive lands, wildlife habitats, and rare, threatened or endangered plant and animal communities. 4-G.3 Promote conservation of hillsides and ridgelines. Beaches; Parks and Recreation 4-G.4 Maintain a diversified, comprehensive system of open space for outdoor recreation, including, but not limited to: parks; beaches; areas for organized sports; connecting corridors containing trails; water recreation areas (beaches, lagoons, lakes); unique conserva- tion areas for nature study; and, semi-developed areas for camping. 4-G.5 Offer a wide variety of recreational activities and park facilities designed to encourage educational benefits and active or passive participation by users of all ages and interests. 4-G.6 Operate a financially self-supportive system of recreational facilities and programs. 4-G.7 Coordinate the planning of park facilities and trails with other recre- ation-oriented land uses such as open space. 4-G.8 Improve and maintain high quality beaches for residents and visitors. Trails and Greenways 4-G.9 Utilize greenways and trails to connect the city’s open space network. Agricultural Resources 4-G.10 Recognize the important value of agriculture and horticultural lands in the city, and support their productive use. Air Quality 4-G.11 Protect air quality within the city and support efforts for enhanced regional air quality. 4-48 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Water Quality 4-G.12 Promote the protection of Carlsbad’s creeks, lagoons, ocean and other natural water bodies from pollution. Policies Open Space Framework 4-P.1 Maintain an integrated open space classification system that accommodates conservation, resource production, recreation, and aesthetic needs. 4-P.2 Designate for preservation as open space those areas that provide unique visual amenities within the urban form, such as agriculture, hillsides, ridges, valleys, canyons, beaches, lagoons, creeks, lakes and other unique resources that provide visual and physical relief to the cityscape by creating natural contrasts to the built-up, manmade scene. 4-P.3 Ensure that the Cannon Road Open Space, Farming, and Public Use Corridor is permanently protected and preserved for open space uses. 4-P.4 Provide public access to all open space areas. When natural open lands are privately-held, acquire or negotiate for public access if the land could be used for unprogrammed recreational uses. Public access shall not be provided where sensitive resources may be threatened or damaged, where public health and safety may be compromised or where access would interfere with the managed production of resources, such as agriculture. 4-P.5 Require compliance with the Growth Management Plan open space performance standard specified in the Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan, and maintain appropriate criteria, standards, and classifications. The following open space areas shall not be utilized to meet the open space performance standard: a. Schools, except public school playgrounds, athletic fields and courts for which the city has joint use agreements with the school districts. b. Parks, public or private; however, credit may be granted for private parks if the granting of the open space credit will not adversely impact the city’s ability to obtain all of the applicable open space priorities identified for the local facilities manage- ment zone (LFMZ) by the Open Space and Conservation Resource Management Plan (OSCRMP). c. Open space that is not available to the public, unless it is an open space priority identified by the OSCRMP and the granting of the open space credit will not adversely impact the city’s ability to obtain all of the open space priorities identified for the LFMZ by the OSCRMP. 4-49 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan d. Powerline easements, except where the land within the easement is identified by the OSCRMP as an open space priority, such as a trail or greenway, and the granting of the open space credit will not adversely impact the city’s ability to achieve all of the open space priorities identified for the LFMZ by the OSCRMP. Major powerline easements that provide key links to the Carlsbad trail system shall receive credit toward the open space performance standard. e. Golf courses, except those portions of golf courses identi- fied by the OSCRMP as an open space priority, such as a trail or greenway. Credit may be granted for other areas of a golf course if the granting of the open space credit for this area will not adversely impact the city’s ability to achieve all of the open space priorities identified for the LFMZ by the OSCRMP. 4-P.6 Require that adjustment of the boundaries of any open space area shown on the Land Use Map be allowed only if all of the following criteria are met: a. The proposed open space area is equal to or greater than the area depicted on the Land Use Map; and b. The proposed open space area is of environmental quality equal to or greater than that depicted on the Land Use Map; and c. The proposed open space area is contiguous or within close proximity to open space shown on the Land Use Map. The City Council may also adjust the boundary of any open space area shown on the Land Use Map if it finds that the adjustment is necessary to mitigate a sensitive environmental area that is impacted by development, provided the open space boundary mod- ification preserves open space at a 2 to 1 ratio (proposed acreage to existing acreage) and is within close proximity to the original area of open space. Additionally, the City Council may exempt public rights-of-way from the open space boundary adjustment requirements. However, environmental analysis shall be performed for all proposed public right-of-way improvements, and if determined that there are signif- icant adverse impacts to the value of the open space system, those impacts shall be mitigated. The adjustment of open space boundaries shall not result in the exchange of environmentally constrained lands that are designated open space on the Land Use Map for lands that are not environmen- tally constrained. 4-P.7 Maintain an inventory of all open space lands, including sites desig- nated as open space on the Land Use Map, sites dedicated in fee title or easement as open space, and school recreation areas. 4-50 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Habitat and Open Space Conservation 4-P.8 Maintain and implement the city’s Habitat Management Plan (HMP), including the requirement that all development projects comply with the HMP and related documents. Require assessments of biological resources prior to approval of any development on sites with sensitive habitat, as depicted in Figure 4-3. 4-P.9 Consider working with private foundations and organizations or designating a conservancy agency to be responsible for protection, maintenance, monitoring and liability of open space lands. 4-P.10 Ensure that the improvements recommended for open space areas are appropriate for the type of open space and the use proposed. No improvements (excluding necessary infrastructure) shall be made in environmentally sensitive areas, except to enhance the environ- mental value of the areas. 4-P.11 Continue participation in regional planning efforts to protect habitat and environmentally sensitive species. 4-P.12 Support innovative site design techniques such as cluster-type housing and transfer-of-development-rights to preserve sensitive environmental resources and to allow development projects to comply with the city’s Habitat Management Plan. 4-P.13 Assure that development or grading on hillsides (if allowed) relates to the slope of the land in order to preserve the integrity and appearance of natural hillsides and other landforms wherever possible. 4-P.14 Maintain functional wildlife corridors and habitat linkage in order to contribute to regional biodiversity and the viability of rare, unique or sensitive biological resources throughout the city. 4-P.15 Coordinate the implementation and planning of the city’s Habitat Management Plan with the North County Multi-Species Habitat Conservation Plan. 4-P.16 Partner with other governmental agencies, private land owners and non-profit organizations, and utilize grants, bonds and other funding sources when it is necessary to acquire open space land. 4-P.17 Require that, at the time of any discretionary approval, any land identified as open space for its habitat or scenic value shall have an appropriate easement and/or land use and zoning designation placed on it for resource protection. 4-P.18 Require a city permit for any grading, grubbing, or clearing of vegetation in undeveloped areas, with appropriate penalties for violations. 4-51 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan Parks and Recreation 4-P.19 Develop, implement and periodically update a Parks and Recreation Needs Assessment and Comprehensive Action Plan that identifies appropriate programming for the city’s parklands, prioritizes future parkland development, reflects the needs of residents at the neigh- borhood and citywide level and of an increasingly diverse and aging population, and in concert with the citywide trails program, creates new linkages to neighborhoods. 4-P.20 Acquire and develop park areas in accordance with the Growth Management Plan park standard of 3.0 acres of community park or special use area per 1,000 residents within each of the four city quadrants. Park acreage requirements shall be determined on a quadrant basis. 4-P.21 Maintain appropriate recreational standards for employment areas. 4-P.22 Utilize the provisions of the Quimby Act, Growth Management Plan and Planned Community Zone to ensure the timely construction of parks so that they are provided concurrent with need. 4-P.23 Prefer in-lieu fees to dedication of parkland, unless sites offered for dedication provide features and accessibility similar in comparison. 4-P.24 Consider accessibility, housing density, proximity to schools, general public access, local resident access, adjacent residential area traffic impacts, safe pedestrian access, and compatible use with the sur- rounding environment when determining park locations. Wherever possible, park sites should be located near schools or natural areas. 4-P.25 Locate new parks, plazas, or alternative parks (such as greenways) in existing infill neighborhoods—the Village and Barrio—where new residential development is contemplated. 4-P.26 Provide for joint-use facility agreements with local school districts to meet neighborhood and community recreational needs. 4-P.27 Require, where possible, developers of master planned communi- ties to provide pocket parks and active recreational facilities unique to each development. Maintenance of pocket parks shall be accom- plished through homeowners’ association dues. Pocket parks shall remain in private ownership. 4-P.28 Require that any development of recreational facilities on public land by developers, service clubs, civic groups, individual donors or organizations be consistent with the goals and policies of this element. 4-P.29 Consider the following during the development/re-development of parkland: expanding minimum buffers around sensitive resources; utilizing natural plant species in park projects; incorporating plant species that provide food such as seeds, nuts and berries for wildlife and bird species; protecting and buffering drinking water sources such as small ponds and wetland areas; and limiting turf grass use to recreational areas. Use the Carlsbad Landscape Manual in landscape refurbishment and new park development projects. 4-52 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 4-P.30 Design parks to protect public safety by ensuring adequate lighting, signage, and maintenance. Special Resource Areas; Lagoons 4-P.31 Where appropriate, designate as open space those areas that preserve historic, cultural, archeological, paleontological and edu- cational resources. 4-P.32 Seek to preserve the environmental integrity, ecology, and character of special sesource areas. 4-P.33 Promote expansion of recreational and educational use opportuni- ties in areas of significant ecological value, such as lagoons, where discretionary use of the resource allows. Consider partnering with private foundations for the conservation of such lands and the development of educational programming. • Combine historically significant sites with recreational learning opportunities, where possible. • Utilize community parks in support of historical and cultural programs and facilities when feasible and appropriate. • Coordinate the efforts of the Historic Preservation Commission on the siting and care of historic ruins within parks. 4-P.34 Seek funding opportunities from state, federal, and local agencies to provide additional access points or improve the recreational and educational potential of the city’s three lagoons and other special resource areas. 4-P.35 Assure that, where feasible, developments near or adjacent to bodies of water provide open space that has public access to and views of the water. 4-P.36 Explore ways to increase access to the beach and lagoons from the city’s eastern neighborhoods. Beaches 4-P.37 Work cooperatively with state officials on a development plan for South Carlsbad State Beach so as to maximize public recreational opportunities. 4-P.38 Work collaboratively with the California State Parks and Recre- ation Department to improve and maintain high quality beaches by enhancing beach access, facilities, and services along Carlsbad’s entire coastline. Trails and Greenways 4-P.39 Prepare a comprehensive Trails Master Plan update, that expands the existing and planned 61-mile trail system, with the following objectives: • Connectivity between off-road trails and major on-road pedestrian and bicycle routes, such that future improvements in the trail system 4-53 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan also contribute to linkages between important sites (beaches, lagoons, schools, commercial centers, master planned communities, and others) • Design and designate trails as multi-use to be accessible for all user groups, including walkers, bicyclists, and equestrians (as land use policy allows). Ensure that the network provides an appropriate amount of resources for each trail type or user group • Greenway and trail linkages from major recreational/open space areas to other land use areas or activities, including, but not limited to, residential neighborhoods, places of employment, parks, schools, libraries, and viewpoints • Linkages/multi-use trails connecting businesses and residential neighborhoods to the beaches 4-P.40 Participate with other north county communities to establish an intercommunity open space linkage program and regional trail network. 4-P.41 Locate multi-use trails and associated amenities and passive recre- ational features to minimize impacts to sensitive habitats and other sensitive surrounding land uses, such as residences. 4-P.42 Obtain an irrevocable offer to dedicate or a permanent easement for multi-use trails on privately owned property where feasible, and where trails are proposed as part of the Carlsbad trail system. Agricultural Resources 4-P.43 Allow and encourage farming operations in the Cannon Road Open Space, Farming, and Public Use Zone (such as the strawberry fields) as long as they are economically viable for the landowner. 4-P.44 Ensure the existing Flower Fields remain a farming and flower production use by utilizing all available methods and programs, including grants and other outside financial assistance. 4-P.45 Utilize available methods and resources to reduce the financial burdens on agricultural land, not only to prevent premature devel- opment, but also to encourage its continued use for agricultural purposes. 4-P.46 Ensure new development adjacent to an agricultural use is sensitive to the continuation of the agricultural use by requiring appropriate design criteria, such as site layout, use of vegetation and buffers. 4-P.47 Encourage soil and water conservation techniques in agricultural activities. 4-P.48 Ensure that the grading of agricultural lands is accomplished in a manner that minimizes erosion of hillsides and minimizes stream siltation and to maintain the appearance of natural hillsides and other land forms wherever possible. 4-P.49 Prevent agricultural run-off and other forms of water pollution from entering the storm drain system and polluting the city’s water bodies. 4-54 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 4-P.50 Prior to the approval of new development within an existing or former agricultural area in Carlsbad, require a detailed soils testing and analysis report be prepared by a registered soils engineer and submitted to the city and the county health department for review and approval. This report shall evaluate the potential for soil con- tamination due to historic use, handling, or storage of agricultural chemicals restricted by the San Diego County Department of Health Services. If hazardous chemicals are detected at concentrations in the soil that would have a significantly adverse effect on human health, the report shall identify a range of possible mitigation measures to remediate the significant public health impacts. Air Quality 4-P.51 Participate in the implementation of transportation demand man- agement programs on a regional basis. 4-P.52 To the extent practical and feasible, maintain a system of air quality alerts (such as through the city website, internet, email to city employees, and other tools) based on San Diego Air Pollution Control District forecasts. Consider providing incentives to city employees to use alternative transportation modes during alert days. 4-P.53 Provide, whenever possible, incentives for carpooling, flex-time, shortened work weeks, and telecommunications and other means of reducing vehicular miles traveled. 4-P.54 Cooperate with the ongoing efforts of the U.S. Environmental Pro- tection Agency, the San Diego Air Pollution Control District, and the State of California Air Resources Board in improving air quality in the regional air basin. 4-P.55 Ensure that construction and grading projects minimize short-term impacts to air quality. a) Require grading projects to provide a storm water pollution pre- vention plan (SWPPP) in compliance with city requirements, which include standards for best management practices that control pollutants from dust generated by construction activities and those related to vehicle and equipment cleaning, fueling and maintenance; b) Require grading projects to undertake measures to minimize mono- nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from vehicle and equipment operations; and c) Monitor all construction to ensure that proper steps are implemented. 4-55 Draft General Plan Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 Draft General Plan Water Quality 4-P.56 Work with the stakeholders in the community and region, such as but not limited to the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB), California Fish and Wildlife, US Fish and Wildlife, Coastal Commission, Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Pro- tection Agency, neighboring cities, counties, businesses, residents, and non-profit groups, to comply with applicable federal, state and local regulations related to water quality in our region, consistent with the city’s current NPDES Municipal Storm Water Permit issued by the RWQCB or other related regulations. Prepare and implement any applicable plans such as a Water Quality Improvement Plan, Integrated Regional Water Management Plan, Load Reduction Plan or others as needed to comply with applicable regulations. 4-P.57 Require developments to incorporate structural and non-struc- tural best management practices (BMPs) to mitigate or reduce the projected increases in pollutant loads. Do not allow post-devel- opment runoff from a site that would cause or contribute to an exceedance of receiving water quality objectives or has not been reduced to the maximum extent practicable. 4-P.58 Implement water pollution prevention methods to the maximum extent practicable, supplemented by pollutant source controls and treatment. Use small collection strategies located at, or as close as possible to, the source (i.e., the point where water initially meets the ground or source of potential pollution) to minimize the transport of urban runoff and pollutants offsite and into a municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4). 4-P.59 Make any necessary structural control changes to the storm water conveyance system to remove or reduce storm water pollutant levels. 4-P.60 Conduct analysis of the effectiveness of the overall pollution pre- vention programs in Carlsbad consistent with the city’s NPDES Municipal Storm Water Permit issued by the RWQCB or other related regulations. 4-P.61 Continue to implement a program to detect and eliminate illicit con- nections to storm drains and illegal discharges of non-storm water wastes into storm water conveyance systems. 4-P.62 Continue to implement a program for the testing and monitoring of storm water and/or non-storm water flows consistent with the city’s NPDES Municipal Storm Water Permit issued by the RWQCB or other related regulations. 4-P.63 Preserve, where possible, natural watercourses or provide natural- ized drainage channels within the city. Where feasible, implement restoration and rehabilitation opportunities 4-P.64 Coordinate the needs of storm water pollution management with habitat management, flood management, capital improvement projects, development, aesthetics and other open space needs. 4-56 City of Carlsbad Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation4 5-1 Draft General Plan 5Noise Noise is an important and complex issue in Carlsbad. Almost every part of the city is susceptible to noise impacts, due mainly to the presence of major noise generators. Significant sources of noise in the city include McClellan- Palomar Airport, and major transportation corridors such as Interstate 5, Highway 78, and railroad tracks. The city’s land use pattern generally accommodates these conditions with industrial uses clustered close to the airport, and commercial, residential 5-2 City of Carlsbad Noise5 and other uses adjacent or close to Interstate 5 and the railroad tracks. The Noise Element is intended to ensure compliance with state requirements and promote a comprehensive, long-range program of achieving acceptable noise levels throughout Carlsbad. The Noise Element: • Identifies and defines existing and future environmental noise levels from sources within or adjacent to the city, by means of noise contour maps. • Establishes goals, policies, and standards to minimize noise generation and mitigate impacts, especially on noise-sensitive uses such as homes and schools. 5-3 Draft General Plan Noise5 Draft General Plan 5.1 Introduction Background and Purpose Noise can be defined as unwanted sound. It is sound or a series of sounds that are intrusive, irritating, objectionable and/or disruptive to daily life. Noise varies widely in its scope, source, and volume, ranging from individual occurrences such as a barking dog, to the intermittent disturbances of trains and overhead aircraft, to the fairly constant noise generated by traffic on Interstate 5. Noise can affect all aspects of daily life and acceptable noise thresholds are estab- lished and controlled based on the various types of uses and their sensitivity to noise - uses such as residences, schools, churches, and hospitals are considered to be the most noise sensitive. The known effects of noise on humans include hearing loss, communication interference, sleep interference, physiological responses, and annoyance. Relationship to State Law State law (Government Code Section 65302(f)) requires general plans to include a Noise Element that identifies and appraises noise problems in the community. The Noise Element shall recognize the guidelines established by the State Department of Public Health and analyze and quantify, to the extent practica- ble, as determined by the jurisdiction’s legislative body, current and projected noise levels for all of the following sources: • Highways and freeways; • Primary arterial and major local streets; • Passenger and freight online railroad operations and ground rapid transit systems; • Commercial, general aviation, heliport, helistop, and military airport operations, aircraft overflights, jet engine test stands, and all other ground facilities and maintenance functions related to airport operation; • Local industrial plants, including, but not limited to, railroad classifica- tion yards; and • Other ground stationary noise sources identified by local agencies as con- tributing to the community noise environment. 5-4 City of Carlsbad Noise5 Relationship to Community Vision The Noise Element is most closely tied to the community’s quality of life objec- tives in the Carlsbad Community Vision: Core Value 9: Neighborhood Revitalization, Community Design and Livabil- ity. Revitalize neighborhoods, and enhance citywide community design and livability. Relationship to Other General Plan Elements The Noise Element is correlated with the Land Use and Community Design, Mobility, and Housing Elements. Future noise contour information is based on traffic volumes, speeds, etc., and railroad and airport operations as described in the Mobility Element. Noise can have a significant impact on land use, and policies in the Noise Element are designed to ensure protection from noise for sensitive uses, as shown on the Land Use Map in the Land Use and Community Design Element. The Noise Element relates to the Housing Element by promoting desirable residential environments that are buffered from undesir- able noise impacts. 5-5 Draft General Plan Noise5 Draft General Plan 5.2 Noise Characteristics and Measurement Noise Measurement Three aspects of noise are used in assessing the community noise environment: • Level is the magnitude or loudness of sound. Sound levels are measured and expressed in decibels (dB) with 10 dB roughly equal to the threshold of hearing. Transient noise events may be described by their maximum noise level (Lmax), measured in decibels “A-weighted” to correct for the frequency response of the human ear (dBA). Another term that is some- times used is Leq or Equivalent Continuous Sound Level, used to describe with one single figure sound pressure levels that vary over time. Figure 5-1 shows the decibel levels associated with different common sounds. • Frequency is the composition or spectrum of the sound. Frequency is a measure of the pressure fluctuations per second. • Variation is sound level over time. Most community noise is produced by many distant noise sources that change gradually throughout the day and result in steady background noise with no identifiable source. Identifiable events of brief duration, such as aircraft flyovers, cause the commu- nity noise level to vary from instant to instant. The Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL) and Day-Night Noise Level (Ldn) both reflect a weighted average of noise exposure over an average day. Different weight- ing factors are used for day, evening, and nighttime periods to recognize that community members are most sensitive to noise in late night hours and are more sensitive during evening hours than in daytime hours. The weighting factors require an addition of 5 decibels (dB) to sound levels in the evening hours between 7:00 p.m. and 10:00 p.m. and an addition of 10 dBs to sound levels at nighttime hours between 10:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. Reporting Noise Levels Measuring and reporting noise levels involves accounting for variations in sen- sitivity to noise during the daytime versus nighttime hours. Knowledge of the following relationships is helpful in understanding how changes in noise and noise exposure are perceived: • Except under special conditions, a change in sound level of 1 dB cannot be perceived; • A 3 dB change is considered a just noticeable difference; • A 5 dB change is required before any noticeable change in community response would be expected; and • A 10 dB increase is subjectively heard as an approximate doubling in loudness. 5-6 City of Carlsbad Noise5 In establishing noise contours for land use planning, it is customary to ignore noise attenuation provided by buildings, street elevations, and depressions, and to minimize the barrier effect of natural terrain features. The result is a worst- case estimate of the existing and future (projected) noise environment. The purpose of noise contours is to identify the potential need for more detailed acoustical studies, not to predict with certainty the noise level throughout the city. The assumption is that it is desirable to overestimate the potential noise at a future noise-sensitive development site than to underestimate the noise envi- ronment and allow for potentially incompatible land use development. (n ft.) = Distance in feet betweensource and listener 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Civil Defense Siren (100 ft.)Jet Takeoff (200 ft.) Riveting Machine NCTD/AmTrakTrain Passby (10 ft.) Pneumatic Drill (50 ft.) Freight Cars (100 ft.) Vacuum Cleaner (10 ft.) Speech (1 ft.) Auto Traffic near Freeway Large Transformer (200 ft.) Average Residence Soft Whisper Rustling Leaves Threshold of Hearing Threshold of Pain Rock Music Band Piledriver (50 ft.) Ambulance Siren (100 ft.) Boiler Room Printing Press Plant Garbage Disposal in the Home Inside Sports Car, 50 mph Data Processing Center Department Store Private Business Office Light Traffic (100 ft.) Typical Minimum Nighttime Levels— Residential Areas Recording Studio Mosquito (3 ft.) A-WeightedSound Pressure Levelin Decibels Figure 5-1: Noise Measurement 5-7 Draft General Plan Noise5 Draft General Plan 5.3 Noise Sources in Carlsbad Common noise sources in Carlsbad are described below. Figure 5-2 shows existing noise contours for all major streets in the community based on a noise survey conducted in August 2013 at various locations in Carlsbad, information on traffic flows, railroad operations, and other sources, such as the Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan. Figure 5-3 shows future (year 2035) noise contours. The policies of this element are intended to avert future problems caused by sig- nificant noise. The city regulates site design and requires sound attenuation measures for new development in the vicinity of incompatible noise sources. Traffic Vehicular noise has three main component sources: engine/transmission noise, exhaust noise and tire noise. The intensity of noise emissions from any given vehicle will vary with its size and other factors, such as speed, acceler- ation, braking, street grade and conditions of the street surface. Thus, a busy downtown arterial with stop and go traffic is often noisier than an open street with comparable traffic volumes. Street traffic noise, including Interstate-5, is the most extensive noise problem faced by Carlsbad. Noise from Interstate-5 has the greatest existing and projected street noise emissions. As part of the North Coast Corridor Program, future expansion of Interstate-5 is proposed in combination with expansion of the train tracks along the north San Diego County coastline. Expansion of Interstate-5 through Carlsbad is proposed to include two additional lanes in each direction and additional lanes for merging and exiting, and ramp improve- ments. Train tracks used by the Coaster commuter train and Amtrak trains are planned to be bolstered with a second track along the entire coast. The proposal must be considered by the California Coastal Commission, and if approved the improvements are planned to be constructed in phases through year 2040. Other major streets with high levels of noise include Highway 78 and several arterial streets—El Camino Real, Palomar Airport Road, Rancho Santa Fe Road, Melrose Drive and Carlsbad Boulevard. Noise contours have been prepared for all major streets in Carlsbad, as shown on the current and future noise contour maps (See Figure 5-2: Existing Noise Contour Map and Figure 5-3: Future Noise Contour Map). Railroad The North San Diego County Transit District (NCTD) owns the rail line and two passenger rail stations located within the city: Carlsbad Village and Carlsbad Poinsettia stations. NCTD operates the Coaster commuter rail service on this rail line; the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe freight line and the Amtrak 5-8 City of Carlsbad Noise5 passenger service also use the rail line through the city. Proposed expansion of the railroad is described above in the discussion regarding traffic noise. Airport Noise McClellan-Palomar Airport is presently operating as a commercial service facility and is located west of El Camino Real, just north of Palomar Airport Road. State law requires regional airport land use commissions to prepare airport land use compatibility plans in order to “provide for the orderly growth of each public airport and the area surrounding the airport… [and to] safeguard the general welfare of the inhabitants within the vicinity of the airport and the public in general (Public Utilities Code Section 21675).” Such compatibility plans must be based on a long range master plan or airport layout plan that reflects the airport’s anticipated growth over the next 20 years. The McClellan-Palomar Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ALUCP) was adopted in December 2010, and amended in December 2011. It is based on the Airport Master Plan, dated 1997, and the Airport Layout Plan, which was approved by the Federal Aviation Administration in 2004. Annual aircraft operations of 201,100 (as of 2006) are expected to increase over the next 20 years to approximately 289,100, based on the airport’s master plan. In general, land in the immediate vicinity of the airport or under the take-off or landing approach is subject to noise levels that are unsuitable for residential development, schools, hospitals and other similar noise sensitive uses. Projected noise contours around the airport are provided in the ALUCP and have been included in this element (See Figure 5-3: Future Noise Contours). In December 2005, the County of San Diego, as the owner/operator of McClellan-Palomar Airport, prepared an update to the airport’s FAR Part 150 Noise Study. The purpose of the study is to assess the noise impacts on surrounding land uses, and, if necessary, recommend changes to existing zoning ordinances and general plans. The findings of this study resulted in FAA approval of a number of recommended measures in December 2006, as follows: • Provide the City of Carlsbad with the recommended noise impact notifi- cation area (NINA) and noise exposure maps and any future updates to these boundaries; • Recommend rezoning undeveloped land within the 60 CNEL contour for industrial use; • Require real estate disclosures within the airport influence area (AIA); • Erect signs on airport property along El Camino Real and Palomar Airport Road to inform drivers of the existence and location of the airport; and • Implement the “Fly Friendly” program recently adopted by the Palomar Advisory Committee. 5-9 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 City of Oceanside MELROSE DR A LG A R D RAN C H O SANTAFERDL A C O S TA AVE ELCAMINORE AL LA COSTA AVE SANDI EGONORTHERNRRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E T TI A LNPALOMA R AIR P ORT RD C AM I N O VIDA R O BLE AVIARA P KWYP O IN S E T T I A LN PA LOMAR AIRPORT RD F ARA DAY AVE EL CAMINO R EALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOL L EGEBLVDM A RRON R D C A R LS B A D V ILLA G ED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78 C A MI NOJUNI PE RO City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiqu i t os Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena VistaLagoon CalaveraLake MaerkleReservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n 60-65 65-70 70-75 75+75+ 75+ 60-65 Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: DUDEK, 2013; City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; McClellan-Palomar Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan, 2010; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Existing Noise Contours 70 + CNEL 65 - 70 CNEL 60 - 65 CNEL Figure 5-2 Existing Noise Contour Map GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Airport Noise Contour Lines Figure 5-2: Existing Noise Contours 5-11 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 City of Oceanside MELROSE DR A LG A R D RAN C H O SANTAFERDL A C O S TA AVE ELCAMINORE AL LA COSTA AVE SANDI EGONORTHERNRRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E T TI A LNPALOMA R AIR P ORT RD C AM I N O VIDA R O BLE AVIARA P KWYP O IN S E T T I A LN PA LOMAR AIRPORT RD F ARA DAY AVE EL CAMINO R EALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOL L EGEBLVDM A RRON R D C A R LS B A D V ILLA G ED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78 C A MI NOJUNI PE RO City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiqu i t os Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena VistaLagoon CalaveraLake MaerkleReservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n 60-65 65-70 70-75 75+75+ 75+ 60-65 Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: DUDEK, 2013; City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; McClellan-Palomar Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan, 2010; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. 2035 Noise Contours 70 + CNEL 65 - 70 CNEL 60 - 65 CNEL Figure 5-3 Future Noise Contour Map GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Airport Noise Contour Lines Figure 5-3: Future Noise Contours 5-13 Draft General Plan Noise5 Draft General Plan Land Use Future noise levels may also be affected by the construction of new land uses that generate noise. For example, industrial uses are a source of noise from use of mechanical equipment, generators, and vehicles, which can affect adjacent uses. Residences, schools, hospitals, and churches are generally considered more sensitive to noise than are commercial or industrial activities. To respond to the noise sensitivity of certain land uses, this element includes policies to reduce noise impacts on such uses. Other Mobile Sources Occasional noise from mobile sources, such as off-road motorcycles, motorboats and vehicles with faulty exhaust systems, can affect residents. The city controls these noise sources by prohibiting motorized off-road vehicles, enforcing the vehicle code, and enforcing the city’s boating regulations for Agua Hedionda Lagoon. 5-14 City of Carlsbad Noise5 5.4 Regulations and Noise Exposure Standards Federal and state standards, and city standards established in this General Plan, are designed to protect community members and sensitive receptors from noise hazards and establish criteria to mitigate noise impacts accordingly. Federal Regulations Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) HUD’s environmental criteria and standards are presented in Title 24 of the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 51. New construction proposed in high noise areas (exceeding 65 dBA Ldn) must incorporate noise attenuation features to maintain acceptable interior noise levels (45 dBA Ldn). It is assumed that with standard construction, any building will provide sufficient attenuation to achieve an interior noise level of 45 dBA Ldn or less if the exterior noise level is 65 dBA Ldn or less. Development in a “normally unacceptable noise zone” (exceeding 65 decibels, but not exceeding 75 decibels) require a minimum of 5 decibels of additional noise attenuation for buildings having noise sensitive uses if the day-night average is greater than 65 decibels, but does not exceed 70 decibels, or a minimum of 10 decibels of additional noise attenuation if the day-night average is greater than 70 decibels, but does not exceed 75 decibels. Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) Title 23 of the CFR, Part 772 (Procedures for Abatement of Highway Traffic Noise and Construction Noise) requires an assessment of noise and consideration of noise abatement for proposed federal or federal-aid highway construction projects on a new location, or the physical alteration of an existing highway that significantly changes either the horizontal or vertical alignment, or increases the number of through-traffic lanes. FHWA considers noise abatement for sensitive receivers, such as picnic areas, recreation areas, playgrounds, active sport areas, parks, residences, motels, hotels, schools, churches, libraries, and hospitals when “worst-hour” noise levels approach or exceed 67 dBA Leq. Federal Transit Administration (FTA) The FTA uses noise vibration impact criteria for buildings with noise sensitive uses, residences, and institutional land uses near railroads. The noise vibration thresholds for residences and buildings where people normally sleep are 72 VdB1 for frequent vibration events (more than 70 vibration events of the same source per day), 75 VdB for occasional vibration events (30 to 70 vibration events of the same source per day), and 80 VdB for infrequent vibration events (less than 30 vibration events of the same source per day). 1 VdB is a logarithmic scaling of vibration amplitude, allowing relative measurements to be easily made. 5-15 Draft General Plan Noise5 Draft General Plan Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) The FRA’s Office of Safety is responsible for enforcing the Railroad Noise Emissions Compliance Regulation that sets maximum sound levels from railroad equipment and for regulating locomotive horns. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Enforced by the FAA, Title 14 of the CFR, Part 150 describes the proce- dures, standards and methodology governing the development, submission, and review of airport noise exposure maps and airport noise compatibility programs. Title 14 also identifies the land uses that are normally compatible with various levels of noise exposure. The FAA has determined that sound levels up to 45 dBA CNEL are acceptable within residential buildings. State Regulations The California Building Standards Code (Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations (CCR)) provides regulations for both exterior and interior sound insulation. For general residential uses, the regulations specify that existing and future interior noise levels generated by exterior noise sources shall not exceed 45 dB in any habitable room with windows closed. Future noise levels must be predicted at least 10 years from the time of building permit application. CCR Title 24 standards are enforced through the building permit application process. Carlsbad Municipal Code and Noise Guidelines The Carlsbad Municipal Code regulates noise related to construction, events, animals, and other temporary nuisances. The city also maintains the Noise Guidelines Manual, which is consistent with the General Plan and provides detailed project review and design criteria related to noise. Noise Standards General Plan noise standards are shown in Table 5-1 and Table 5-2. Community Noise Exposure Table 5-1 presents the community noise exposure matrix, establishing criteria the city shall use to evaluate land use compatibility based on noise emanating from all sources. Allowable Noise Exposure Table 5-2 indicates acceptable limits of noise for various land uses for both exterior and interior environments from transportation sources. While Table 5-1 establishes standards to help the city determine the appropriateness of locating specific uses in noise-prone environments, Table 5-2 provides standards that development shall attain through noise attenuation measures. These limits are based on guidelines provided by the California Office of Planning and Research. 5-16Noise5 Envision Carlsbad TABLE 5–1: LAND USE COMPATIBILITY FOR COMMUNITY NOISE ENVIRONMENTS 5-17 Draft General Plan Noise5 Draft General Plan Table 5-3 provides standards for noise from non-transportation noise sources such as, but not limited to, industrial facilities, automotive servicing, car washes, equipment yards, nightclubs, hotels, and shopping centers. These standards apply to the noise sources themselves, as measured at the edge of the property line; noise caused by motor vehicles traveling to and from the site is exempt from this standard. TABLE 5–2: ALLOWABLE NOISE EXPOSURE1 LAND USE OUTDOOR ACTIVITY2, 3 AREAS (DBA CNEL) INTERIOR SPACES (DBA CNEL) Residential 604 45 Motels, Hotels 65 45 Hospitals, Residential Care Facilities, Schools, Libraries, Museums, Churches, Day Care Facilities 65 45 Playgrounds, Parks, Recreation Uses 65 50 Commercial and Office Uses 65 50 Industrial Uses 70 65 1 Development proposed within the McClellan-Palomar Airport Area of Influence shall also be subject to the noise compatibility policies contained in the ALUCP. 2 For non-residential uses, where an outdoor activity area is not proposed, the standard does not ap- ply. Where the location of outdoor activity areas is unknown, the exterior noise level standard shall be applied to the property line of the receiving use. 3 Where it is not possible to reduce noise in outdoor activity areas to the allowable maximum, levels up to 5 dB higher may be allowed provided that available exterior noise level reduction measures have been implemented and interior noise levels are in compliance with this table. 4 An exterior noise exposure level of 65 dBA CNEL is allowable for residential uses in a mixed-use project and for residential uses within the McClellan-Palomar Airport Area of Influence, pursuant to the noise compatibility policies contained in the ALUCP. TABLE 5–3: PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR NON- TRANSPORTATION SOURCES (AS MEASURED AT PROPERTY LINE OF SOURCE/SENSITIVE USE) NOISE LEVEL DESCRIPTOR DAYTIME (7 A.M. TO 10 P.M.) NIGHTTIME (10 P.M. TO 7 A.M.) Hourly Leq, dB 55 45 Maximum Level, dB 75 65 Each of the noise levels specified above shall be lowered by 5 dB for simple tone noises, noises consist- ing primarily of speech or music, or for recurring impulsive noises. 5-18 City of Carlsbad Noise5 5.5 Goals and Policies Goals 5-G.1 Protect public health and welfare by eliminating existing noise problems where feasible, maintaining an acceptable indoor and outdoor acoustic environment, and preventing significant degrada- tion of the acoustic environment. 5-G.2 Ensure that new development is compatible with the noise environ- ment, by continuing to use potential noise exposure as a criterion in land use planning. 5-G.3 Guide the location and design of transportation facilities, industrial uses and other potential noise generators to minimize the effects of noise on adjacent land uses. 5-G.4 Ensure long-term compatibility between the airport and surround- ing land use. 5-G.5 Foster healthy and productive work environments that do not cause hearing damage or other adverse noise related health impacts to workers in Carlsbad. Policies Land Use and Noise Compatibility 5-P.1 Acceptability of Use Location. Use the noise and land use compat- ibility matrix (Table 5-1) and Future Noise Contours map (Figure 5-3) as criteria to determine acceptability of a land use, including the improvement/construction of streets, railroads, freeways and highways. Do not permit new noise-sensitive uses—including schools, hospitals, places of worship, and homes—where noise levels are “normally unacceptable” or higher, if alternative locations are available for the uses in the city. 5-P.2 Required Noise Analysis. Require a noise analysis be conducted for all discretionary development proposals (except for develop- ments of single family homes with four units or fewer) located where projected noise exposure would be other than “normally acceptable”. A required noise analysis should: a. Be prepared by a certified noise consultant or acoustical engineer; b. Be funded by the applicant; c. Include a representative, on-site day and night sound level measurement; d. Include a delineation of current (measured) and projected (General Plan or 10 years in future, whichever horizon extends further out) noise contours; 5-19 Draft General Plan Noise5 Draft General Plan e. Identify noise levels with and without the proposed project, ranging from 55 to 75 dBA (Ldn) within the proposed develop- ment site; and f. If noise levels exceed the standards in Table 5-1, include a description of adequate and appropriate noise abatement measures to mitigate the noise to allowable levels for the proposed use. 5-P.3 Noise-Attenuation. For all projects that require discretionary review and have noise exposure levels that exceed the standards in Table 5-1, require site planning and architecture to incorporate noise- attenuating features. With mitigation, development should meet the allowable outdoor and indoor noise exposure standards in Table 5-2. When a building’s openings to the exterior are required to be closed to meet the interior noise standard, then mechanical ventila- tion shall be provided. 5-P.4 Exterior Noise Levels Exceeding Acceptable Level. If the noise analysis shows that exterior noise levels cannot be mitigated to an acceptable level as identified in Table 5-2, the development should not be approved without one or more of the following findings: a. Changes or alterations have been required in, or incorporated into, the project that avoid or substantially lessen the noise. b. Changes or alterations to avoid or substantially lessen noise are within the responsibility and jurisdiction of another public agency and not the City of Carlsbad. Such changes have been adopted by such other agency or can and should be adopted by such other agency. c. Specific economic, social, or other considerations make infeasible the mitigation measures or project alternatives to avoid or sub- stantially lessen noise. If a project is approved with exterior noise levels exceeding the acceptable noise level, all purchasers of the impacted property shall be notified in writing prior to purchase, and by deed disclo- sure in writing, that the property they are purchasing is, or will be, impacted by noise and does not meet City of Carlsbad noise standards for residential property. 5-P.5 Noise Generation. As part of development project approval, require that noise generated by a project does not exceed standards estab- lished in Table 5-3. 5-P.6 Berms and Sound Walls. Discourage the use of berms and sound walls for noise mitigation; rather, encourage the use of project design techniques such as increasing the distance between the noise source and the noise sensitive receiver and use non-noise sensitive structures (e.g., a garage) to shield noise sensitive areas. If a berm or wall is determined necessary to mitigate noise, discourage exclusive use of walls in excess of six feet in height and encourage use of natural barriers such as site topography or constructed earthen berms. When walls are determined to be the only feasible 5-20 City of Carlsbad Noise5 solution to noise mitigation, then the walls shall be designed to limit aesthetic impacts. When walls over six feet in height are necessary to mitigate noise, a berm/wall combination with heavy landscaping, a terraced wall heavily landscaped, or other similar innovative wall design technique shall be used to minimize visual impacts. 5-P.7 Mitigation Cost. The City of Carlsbad shall not fund mitigation of existing or future noise impacts from streets, railroad, airport or any other source for existing or future private development within the city. 5-P.8 Noise Guidelines Manual. Update the Noise Guidelines Manual to ensure consistency with General Plan standards and policies, and contemporary practices. Motor Vehicle/Roadway Noise 5-P.9 Continue to enforce the California Motor Vehicle Code as it applies to excessive noise. The Carlsbad Police Department should continue to reduce the number of excessively noisy vehicles on city streets and deter persons from operating their motor vehicles in a noisy manner. 5-P.10 Consider noise impacts in the design of road systems and give special consideration to noise sensitive areas. 5-P.11 Review traffic flow systems and, wherever possible, synchronize sig- nalization and/or implement other traffic flow improvements to avoid traffic stops and starts, and adjust traffic flow to achieve noise levels acceptable to surrounding areas. Airport Noise For policies related to land use compatibility in the airport environs, see Chapter 2: Land Use and Community Design Element; for safety policies, see Chapter 6: Public Safety Element. Figure 6-7 shows safety zones, avigation easement areas, and overflight notification areas. Figure 5-3 includes future noise contours asso- ciated with airport operations. Figure 5-4 shows synthesis of some key features – avigation easement areas, airport safety zones 1-6, and 65 dB CNEL. 5-P.12 Use the noise policies in the McClellan-Palomar Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ALUCP) to determine acceptability of a land use within the airport’s influence area (AIA) as depicted in the ALUCP. Additional disclosure actions for new development in the AIA, such as avigation easements, deed restrictions, recorded notice, etc., are required of developers/sellers of noise impacted residential units. 5-P.13 For projects within the Airport Influence Area, utilize the noise standards contained in the McClellan-Palomar ALUCP, as well as the noise standards contained in this element. However, reserve the right to overrule the ALUCP as provided for in State Public Utilities Code Section 21676. 5-P.14 Recognize that procedures for the abatement of aircraft noise have been identified in the Fly Friendly Program for McClellan-Palomar 5-21CANNONRD C OL LEGEBL V DTAMARACKAVECARLSBADVILLAGEDRCO A S T HW YVISTA W Y MARRON R D EL C A M I NO R E A L CANNON R D CARLSBAD BLVDEL C A MI NOREALFAR A D AYAVE COLL E G E B LVD PALOMAR AIRPORT RD PAL OM AR A IRPORT RD PO IN SE T T IA L N CAMINO V ID A ROBLE ALGA RD LAKE BLV D ME LR O SE D R P OIN S E T T IA L N MELRO S E DRA VI ARAPKWY AVIA R AP KWY OLIVENHAIN RD LEUCADIA BLVD LA C O S TA AVELACOSTAAVE T A M A RACK AVE SHA D OWRID G E D R RANC H O SANTAFERDCOAST HWYBUSINESSPAR K DRELCAMI NORE AL CAN NON RD RANCH O SAN TA FERDSAN DIEGO NORTHERN RR MCCLELLAN-PALOMARAIRPORT Batiquitos Lag oo n Pacific Ocean AguaHedionda Lagoon BuenaVistaLagoon CalaveraLake SquiresReservoir City ofOceanside City of Encinitas City ofVista City ofSan Marcos AVENI DAENCI N ASPASEO D EL NORTES Y C AMOREAVERunway Prote c t i o n Z o n e 1 1 2 2 3 33 3 5 5 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 5 5 78 78 C A R LS B A DB L V D0 1/2 1 21/4 MILES Figure 5-4CARLSBAD GENERAL PLANMcClellan-Palomar Airport NoiseCompatibility Policy Map Airport Safety Zones Zone 1- Runway Protection Zone Zone 2 - Inner Approach/Departure Zone Zone 3 - Inner Turning Zone Zone 4 - Outer Approach/Departure Zone Zone 5 - Sideline Zone Zone 6 - Traffic Pattern Zone Avigation Easement Areas* 65 dB CNEL Noise Contour Airport Property Boundary City Limits Major Road Planned Road Railroad *Defined as the Runway Protection Zone orwithin the contour of the 65 dB CNEL orareas where the ground penetrates a Part 77airspace surface. Source: McClellan-Palomar Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan, 2010. Figure 5-4: Airport Noise Compatibility Policy 5-23 Draft General Plan Noise5 Draft General Plan Airport. The city expects the widespread dissemination of, and pilot adherence to, the adopted procedures. 5-P.15 Expect the airport to control noise while the city shall control land-use thus sharing responsibility for achieving and maintaining long-term noise/land-use compatibility in the vicinity of McClellan- Palomar Airport. 5-P.16 Require new nonresidential development to comply with the noise compatibility criteria in the ALUCP. Require dedication of avigation easements for new developments designated as conditionally com- patible for noise in the ALUCP, and which are located within the 65 dB CNEL noise contour as mapped on Figure 5-4: Airport Noise Com- patibility Policy Map. Work-Related Noise 5-P.17 Participate in noise control and hearing conservation programs in all appropriate work environments owned, operated, or otherwise under the control of the City of Carlsbad. 5-P.18 Promote that all persons responsible for operation of noise-produc- ing equipment or processes, exercise reasonable care to minimize casual noise exposure to unprotected workers or passers-by to reduce risk of hearing damage. 5-P.19 Encourage and assist its employees in identifying and abating potential noise hazards on city-owned or controlled property. 5-24 City of Carlsbad Noise5 This page intentionally left blank. 6-1 Draft General Plan 6Public Safety Environmental, seismic and topographic conditions and the patterns of urban development in Carlsbad can potentially pose risks to human health and property. The Public Safety Element identifies natural and manmade hazards that exist within Carlsbad and seeks to mitigate their potential impacts through preventative and response measures. Topics addressed in this element include seismic and geologic hazards; flooding and drainage; hazardous materials and operations; police, fire and emergency response. 6-2 City of Carlsbad Public Safety6 6-3 Draft General Plan Public Safety6 Draft General Plan 6.1 Introduction Background and Purpose The purpose of this element is to acknowledge the risk posed by hazards, and to reduce the risk of injury, loss of life, property damage, and economic and social dislocation resulting from natural and manmade hazards. The proposed overall development pattern in the Land Use and Community Design Element incor- porates consideration of flooding risk, seismic safety and other hazards. The Public Safety Element contains the city’s goals and policies to reduce the risks associated with identified hazards and integrate mitigating measures into the city’s development process. Relationship to State Law Government Code Section 65302(g) requires each California city and county to include within its general plan a public safety element that addresses the pro- tection of the community from any unreasonable risks associated with the effects of seismic and other geologically-induced hazards, flooding, and fires. The Public Safety Element is required to include mapping of known seismic and other geological hazards. Where applicable, it must also address evacuation routes, peak load water supply requirements, minimum road widths and clear- ances around structures. State law also allows cities to address any other locally relevant issues in its public safety element. In addition to those mentioned above, Carlsbad’s Public Safety Element also addresses disaster preparedness and the protection from other local health and safety hazards, such as fire, hazardous materials and airport hazards. Relationship to Community Vision The Public Safety Element is most closely tied to the following objective in the Community Vision: Core Value 8: Support quality, comprehensive education and life-long learning opportunities, provide housing and community services for a changing popula- tion, and maintain a high standard for citywide public safety. Relationship to Other General Plan Elements The Public Safety Element is strongly correlated to the Land Use and Community Design Element and the Open Space, Conservation and Recreation Element. The Land Use and Community Design Element includes consideration of fire, seismic, flooding and other hazards in land use designations and their intensity. Through restrictions on the development of hazardous areas, identified by 6-4 City of Carlsbad Public Safety6 careful investigation as proposed in the Public Safety Element, the Land Use and Community Design Element supplements the policies of this element. Related to the Open Space, Conservation and Recreation Element, areas subject to severe hazards, especially those related to seismic or flood-prone conditions, are designated for a reduced level of development or open space, or development is required to be set back from areas impacted by these factors. Additionally, the Public Safety Element is related to the Mobility Element in that good street design and accessibility of the transportation system is vitally important in providing emergency services. Finally, the Public Safety Element is related to the Housing Element and the Arts, History, Culture, and Education Element in that it identifies areas that may present hazardous conditions for residential structures and proposes precau- tionary measures related to older existing structures that may have historic or cultural significance. 6-5 Draft General Plan Public Safety6 Draft General Plan 6.2 Regulatory Setting Public safety is a topic that is subject to extensive federal, state, and local reg- ulations that span a variety of safety topics. Some of the key regulations and regulatory agencies are summarized below. The city is not responsible for administering all of the regulations; rather, the following discussion provides examples of how public safety in Carlsbad is a shared responsibility among various government agencies. For a fuller discussion of the regulatory setting pertaining to safety, the Environmental Impact Report for the General Plan should be consulted. Federal Programs and Regulations Environmental Protection Agency The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) enforces the Federal Toxic Substances Control Act (1976) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 (RCRA), which regulates the generation, transporta- tion, treatment, storage, and disposal of hazardous waste. RCRA was amended in 1984 by the Hazardous and Solid Waste Act (HSWA), which affirmed and extended the “cradle to grave” system of regulating hazardous wastes (control- ling hazardous waste from the time it is generated until its ultimate disposal). The use of certain techniques for the disposal of some hazardous wastes was specifically prohibited by the HSWA. The 1980 Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, commonly known as Superfund, provides broad federal authority to respond directly to releases or threatened releases of hazardous substances that may endanger public health or the environment. United States Department of Transportation Transportation of chemicals and hazardous materials are governed by the United States Department of Transportation (DOT), which stipulates the types of containers, labeling, and other restrictions to be used in the movement of such material on interstate highways. Federal Emergency Management Agency The primary mission of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) is to reduce the loss of life and property and to protect the nation from all hazards, including natural disasters, acts of terrorism, and other manmade disasters, by leading and supporting a risk-based, comprehensive emergency management system of preparedness, protection, response, recovery, and mitigation. FEMA maps floodplains, and is currently (2013) in the process of preparing new flood- plain mapping along much of the California coastline, including Carlsbad. 6-6 City of Carlsbad Public Safety6 Disaster Mitigation Act The Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 requires a state mitigation plan as a condition of disaster assistance, adding incentives for increased coordination and integration of mitigation activities at the state level. State Regulations California Environmental Protection Agency The management of hazardous materials and waste within California is under the jurisdiction of the California Environmental Protection Agency (Cal EPA). Cal EPA is responsible for developing, implementing and enforcing the state’s environmental protection laws that ensure clean air, clean water, clean soil, safe pesticides and waste recycling and reduction. Within Cal EPA are various departments, three of which are described as follows: Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment The California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment oversees implementation of the Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986 (commonly known as Proposition 65), which aims to protect California citizens and the state’s drinking water sources from chemicals known to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm and to inform citizens about exposures to such chemicals. The California Department of Toxic Substances Control The California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) implements California Code of Regulations Title 22, Division 4.5, which provides standards for the management of hazardous waste. The DTSC has the authority to delegate enforcement of the state’s hazardous waste regulations to local jurisdictions. State Water Resources Control Board The State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB), as well as nine regional water quality control boards, implements various laws related to the protection of water quality. The state and regional boards regulate wastewater discharges to surface and ground water; storm water discharges from construction, indus- trial, and municipal activities; discharges from irrigated agriculture; dredge and fill activities; alteration of federal water bodies; and other activities that could degrade water quality. The California Department of Transportation The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) manages more than 50,000 miles of California’s highway and freeway lanes, provides inter-city rail services, permits more than 400 public-use airports and special-use hospital heliports and works with local agencies. Caltrans is also the first responder for hazardous material spills and releases that occur on those highway and freeway lanes and inter-city rail services. 6-7 Draft General Plan Public Safety6 Draft General Plan California Emergency Management Agency The California Emergency Management Agency (Cal EMA) is responsible for assuring the state’s readiness to respond to and recover from all hazards - natural, manmade, war-caused emergencies and disasters. Cal EMA assists local governments in developing their own emergency preparedness and response plans, in accordance with the Standardized Emergency Management System and the State Emergency Plan, for earthquakes, floods, fires, hazardous material incidents, nuclear power plant emergencies, dam breaks, and acts of terrorism. Cal EMA also administers the State of California Multi-Hazard Mit- igation Plan (SHMP), which presents goals, strategies, and actions for reducing future disaster losses throughout the state. The SHMP is a federal requirement under the Disaster Mitigation Act of 2000 in order for the state to receive federal funds for disaster assistance. Safe School Plan (California Education Code Sections 32280 et seq.) This statute requires public schools to prepare a school safety plan that identifies strategies and programs that will ensure a high level of school safety related to: child abuse reporting; disaster procedures; on-campus violence; discrimination and harassment; safe ingress and egress to and from school; safe and orderly environment conducive to learning; and school discipline. Local Regulations County of San Diego Department of Environmental Health The County of San Diego Department of Environmental Health (DEH) protects public health and environmental quality and implements and enforces local, state, and federal environmental laws. The DEH regulates the following: retail food safety; public housing; public swimming pools; small drinking water systems; mobile-home parks; onsite wastewater systems; recreational water; aboveground and underground storage tanks and cleanup oversight; and medical and hazardous materials and waste. In addition, DEH serves as the Solid Waste Local Enforcement Agency and prevents disease carried by rats and mosquitoes. California Environmental Protection Agency’s Unified Program Cal EPA oversees a unified hazardous waste and hazardous materials manage- ment and regulatory program, commonly referred to as the Unified Program. The purpose of this program is to consolidate and coordinate six different hazardous materials and hazardous waste programs, and to ensure that they are consistently implemented throughout the state. State law requires local agencies to implement the Unified Program. The County of San Diego DEH, Hazardous 6-8 City of Carlsbad Public Safety6 Materials Division is the local agency in charge of implementing the program in the county. San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan Long-term prevention, mitigation efforts and risk-based preparedness related to specific hazards within the city are addressed in the 2010 San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan (HAZMIT Plan). The HAZMIT Plan identifies specific risks for San Diego County and provides methods to help minimize damage caused by natural and manmade disasters. The final list of hazards profiled for San Diego County was determined as wildfire/ structure fire, flood, coastal storms/erosion/tsunami, earthquake/liquefaction, rain-induced landslide, dam failure, hazardous materials incidents, nuclear materials release, and terrorism. Currently, the city is in the process of updating its mitigation strategies and action programs within the HAZMIT Plan. The County of San Diego Office of Emergency Services is responsible for coordinat- ing with local jurisdictions and participating agencies to monitor, evaluate, and update the San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan as necessary. McClellan-Palomar Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan The McClellan-Palomar Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ALUCP) is prepared by the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority to protect the safety of the public from airport related hazards. The ALUCP promotes com- patibility between McClellan Palomar Airport and the land uses that surround it by addressing noise, overflight, safety, and airspace protection concerns. The ALUCP prevents exposure to excessive noise and safety hazards within the airports influence area (AIA), provides for the orderly growth of the airport and the area surrounding the airport, and safeguards the general welfare of the inhabitants within the vicinity of the airport and the public in general. Carlsbad Municipal Code Chapter 6.03 of the Carlsbad Municipal Code incorporates by reference Chapters 9 and 11 of Division 8 of Title 6 of the San Diego County Code of Regu- latory Ordinances, which designates the County of San Diego DEH as the local agency responsible for implementing the state’s Unified Program and specifies reporting, disclosure and monitoring requirements for hazardous materials and hazardous waste establishments. 6-9 Draft General Plan Public Safety6 Draft General Plan 6.3 Flooding and Coastal Hazards Surface Hydrology The San Diego Region is divided into 11 hydrologic units that flow from elevated regions in the east toward coastal lagoons, estuaries, or bays in the west. Carlsbad is located within the Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit (HU), also referred to as the Carlsbad Watershed Management Area, which is approximately 210 square miles in area, extending from the headwaters above Lake Wohlford in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and from Vista and Oceanside in the north to Solana Beach, Encinitas, and the community of Rancho Santa Fe to the south. The cities of Carlsbad, San Marcos, and Encinitas are entirely within this HU. There are numerous important surface hydrologic features within the Carlsbad HU including four unique coastal lagoons, three major creeks, and two large water storage reservoirs. Approximately 48% of the Carlsbad HU is urbanized. The dominant land uses are residential (29%), commercial/indus- trial (6%), freeways and roads (12%), agriculture (12%), and vacant/undeveloped (32%).1 Buena Vista Lagoon Buena Vista Lagoon is a 350-acre fresh water lagoon owned by the State of Cali- fornia and managed by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) as a nature reserve. Located on the border between Carlsbad and Oceanside, it became California’s first ecological reserve in 1969. CDFW is the major property owner of the lagoon; however, a number of adjacent residential property owners have control of small portions of their property adjacent to the lagoon’s wetland boundary. Although the lagoon itself is maintained as a nature reserve, much of the Buena Vista hydrologic area is already developed. Agua Hedionda Lagoon Agua Hedionda Lagoon is situated between Tamarack Avenue and Cannon Road and is comprised of three inter-connected lagoons, divided by the Inter- state-5 freeway and a railroad bridge. Cabrillo Power LLC owns the three lagoon sections; the 66-acre outer lagoon adjacent to the Pacific Ocean, which primarily provides cooling water for the electric producing generators at the Encina Power Plant; the 27-acre middle lagoon is home to the North Coast YMCA Aquatic Park; and the 295-acre inner lagoon extends approximately 1,800 yards in a southeasterly direction from the Interstate-5 freeway bridge. The inner lagoon may be used for boating – permitted crafts include jet skis and powerboats (western portion) and passive vessels like sailboats and kayaks (eastern portion). At the eastern end of the lagoon is the Agua Hedionda Ecological Reserve, which was acquired in 2000 by the CDFW and consists of 186 acres of wetlands. 1 Project Clean Water Website 2012, www.projectcleanwater.org/html/ws_carlsbad.html, accessed September 21, 2012 6-10 City of Carlsbad Public Safety6 Batiquitos Lagoon The Batiquitos Lagoon consists of approximately 561 acres owned by both the CDFW and the California State Lands Commission and is protected as a game sanctuary and bird estuary. The lagoon was originally open to the ocean, but over time the construction of transportation corridors and other development resulted in sediment closing off the lagoon. Then, in the mid-1990s, a signifi- cant lagoon restoration and enhancement project, conducted by the City of Carlsbad, Port of Los Angeles and other cooperating agencies, allowed for the lagoon to open to the ocean again, as it exists today. Stormwater Drainage Much of the land area in Carlsbad is developed, resulting in impervious surfaces from the placement of roads, parking lots, buildings and other infrastructure. These facilities reduce the amount of water infiltration into the ground, increase direct runoff into the city’s creeks and lagoons, and cause soil erosion and sedi- mentation, which can result in water quality degradation and flooding concerns. The City of Carlsbad currently employs a number of measures, including best management practices (BMPs), to prevent pollutants and hazardous materials from entering municipal stormwater conveyance systems. As storm drains are not connected to sanitary sewer infrastructure, water conveyed to these drains is not treated prior to discharging into creeks, lagoons and the ocean. Therefore, pollutants must be reduced and/or removed before entering urban convey- ance systems. The city’s Storm Water Protection Program covers all phases of development through planning, construction and existing development and educates and monitors developers, businesses, municipal facilities, residents, school children, and the general public to help prevent pollutants and other hazardous materials from entering storm drains. Flood Zones Floodplains are areas of land located adjacent to rivers or streams that are subject to recurring inundation, or flooding. Preserving or restoring natural floodplains helps with flood loss reduction benefits and improves water quality and habitat. Floods are typically described in terms of their statistical frequency. For example, a 100-year floodplain describes an area within which there is a one percent probability of a flood occurring in any given year. FEMA prepares Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) that identify 100-year and 500-year flood zones. As shown in Figure 6-1, the potential flood hazard areas identified on the FIRM maps in Carlsbad include the entire coastline and the following major drainage basins: • Buena Vista Creek and Buena Vista Lagoon • Agua Hedionda Creek, its northern tributary, and the Agua Hedionda Lagoon 6-11 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 MELROSE DR AL GA R D RA N C H O SANTAFERDL A C O STA AVE ELCAMINORE AL LA COSTA AVE SAN D I EGONORTHERN RRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN SE TTI A LN PALOMA R A I RP O RT RD C AM IN O VIDA R OBLE AVIARA P KWYP O IN S E T T IA LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD F ARA D A Y AV E EL CAMINO REALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOLLEGEBLVDMARRONRD C A R L S BA D V ILLAG ED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiq ui to s Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena VistaLagoon Calavera Lake Maerkle Reservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; FEMA, 2012; SANDAG, 2012; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Figure 6-1 Potential Flood Hazards GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES 1% Annual Chance Flood Zone (100 Year Flood - High Risk Coastal Areas) (100 Year Flood - High Risk Areas) 1% Annual Chance Coastal Flood Zone Figure 6-1: Potential Flood Hazards 6-13 Draft General Plan Public Safety6 Draft General Plan • San Marcos Creek and its northern tributary • Batiquitos Lagoon • Encinitas Creek Most jurisdictions within San Diego County, including the City of Carlsbad, participate in the National Flood Insurance Program. Pursuant to the City of Carlsbad’s Local Coastal Plan and Carlsbad Municipal Code Title 21 (Zoning), development is restricted within 100-year floodplain areas. Dam Inundation Dam inundation can be caused by the release of impounded water from struc- tural failure or overtopping of a dam. The San Diego County HAZMIT Plan identifies dam-failure risk levels based on dam inundation map data. There are four dams and a reservoir located within or adjacent to the City of Carlsbad, as shown in Figure 6-2: the Calavera, Maerkle, San Marcos, and Bressi dams, and the Stanley A Mahr reservoir. The Calavera and Maerkle dams and Stanley A Mahr reservoir have been assigned high hazard ratings, San Marcos dam has a significant hazard rating, and the Bressi dam has a low hazard rating. All four dams and the reservoir have emergency action plans in place. These facilities are periodically inspected by the State of California Division of Dam Safety. Sea Level Rise In California, sea levels have risen by as much as seven inches along the coast over the last century, resulting in eroded shorelines, deterioration of infra- structure, and depletion of natural resources. In 2009, California adopted a Climate Adaptation Strategy2, which summarizes the most recent science in predicting potential climate change impacts and recommends response strat- egies. The California Energy Commission’s 2009 White Paper entitled, The Impacts of Sea-Level Rise on the California Coast also describes strategies to address the impacts of sea level rise in California communities. The San Diego County HAZMIT Plan has identified sea level rise as one of Carlsbad’s (and other coastal cities) three primary climate change vulnerabilities (the other two being drought and fire). According to Cal-Adapt online tool (developed by the California Natural Resources Agency along with others), the historical average baseline (1961-1990) temperature in the Carlsbad area of 63.0 degrees F could increase by 3.6 to 6.0 degrees by the end of century period (2070-2090), depending on various emissions scenarios. According to the Sea Level Rise Adaptation Strategy for San Diego Bay (south of Carlsbad) prepared in 2012 by a consortium of cities, sea level in the bay could rise by as much as 17 inches by 2050 and five feet by 2100. 2 2009 California Climate Adaptation Strategy, California Natural Resources Agency. http://re- sources.ca.gov/climate_adaptation/docs/Statewide_Adaptation_Strategy.pdf. As of preparation of this General Plan, a 2013 update of the Adaptation Strategy is underway. 6-14 City of Carlsbad Public Safety6 Areas within Carlsbad that are particularly vulnerable to sea level rise are those areas immediately adjacent to the coast and the lagoons, which are similarly vul- nerable to coastal storms. Potential strategies to reduce the impacts of sea-level rise on the city may include hard engineering (seawalls, breakwaters, levees) soft engineering (beach nourishment and/or replenishment, wetlands restoration) and restricting or reducing development near the coastal areas. In 2011, FEMA initiated the California Coastal Analysis and Mapping Project/ Open Pacific Coast Study, which involves over 1,200 miles of new coastal flood hazard mapping and base-flood elevation determinations. Under this initiative, many coastal communities, including Carlsbad, will have coastal flood data and mapping updated for the first time in over 20 years. This study will improve the quality of the coastal data used for both floodplain management and planning purposes. Tsunamis and Seiches Tsunamis are long wavelength ocean waves generated by sudden movements of the ocean bottom during events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or landslides. The County of San Diego maps zones of high risk for tsunami run-up. As shown in Figure 6-3, the only areas identified within the City of Carlsbad as having risk for tsunami run-up are the immediate vicinity of the Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, and Batiquitos lagoons. Seiches are defined as wave-like oscillatory movements in enclosed or semi- enclosed bodies of water such as lakes or reservoirs. Potential effects from seiches include flooding damage and related hazards from spilling or sloshing water, as well as increased pressure on containment structures. The County of San Diego maps zones of high risk for dam inundation throughout the county. The high-risk areas are located in other communities upstream in the Carlsbad Watershed Management Area. 6-15 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 MELROSE DR A LG A R D R AN C H O SANTAFERDL A C O STA AVE ELCAMINORE AL LA COSTA AVE SAN D I EGONORTHERN RRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN SETTI A LNPALOMA R AI RP ORT RD C AM I N O VIDA R O BLE AVIARA P KWYP O IN S E T T IA LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD F ARA DAY AVE EL CAMINO R EALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOL L EGEBLVDM A RRON R D C A R L S BA D V ILLAG ED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiq u i to s Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena VistaLagoon CalaveraLake Maerkle Reservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside Lake Calavera Reservoir Maerkle # 1 Dam Mahr Reservoir Bressi Dam* Maerkle # 2 Tank Pechstein Dam Inundation Zone San Marcos 854 Calavera Lake Inundation Zone San Marcos Dam Inundation Zone Stanley Mahr Dam Inundation Zone Maerkle Dam & Reservoir Inundation Zone Dixon Dam Mt Israel Dam Lake Wohlford Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; DUDEK, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Figure 6-2 Carlsbad Dams GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Dams & Reservoirs Dam Inundation Points Dam Inundation Areas (* There is no inundation zone associated with Bressi Dam) Figure 6-2: Dam Inundation Areas 6-17 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 MELROSE DR AL GA R D RA N C H O SANTAFERDL A C O STA AVE ELCAMINORE A L LA COSTA AVE SAN D I EGONORTHERN RRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN SE TTI A LN PALOMA R A I RP O RT RD C AM IN O VIDA R OBLE AVIARA P KWYP O IN S E T T IA LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD F ARA DA Y AV E EL CAMINO REALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOL L E GEBLVDM A RRON R D C A R L S BA D V ILLAG ED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiq ui to s Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena Vista Lagoon Calavera Lake Maerkle Reservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2012; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Figure 6-3 Maximum Tsunami Projected Run-up GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES FEMA VE Zone (High Risk) Maximum Tsunami Projected Runup Historic Tsunami Effect Felt Figure 6-3: Maximum Tsunami Projected Run-up 6-19 Draft General Plan Public Safety6 Draft General Plan 6.4 Geologic and Seismic Hazards Geology and Soils The City of Carlsbad is within the coastal portion of the Peninsular Ranges Geomorphic Province, a region characterized by northwest-trending struc- tural blocks and intervening fault zones. Topographically, the Peninsular Ranges Province is composed of generally parallel ranges of steep-sloping hills and mountains separated by alluvial valleys. More recent uplift and erosion has produced the characteristic canyon and mesa topography present today in western San Diego County, as well as the deposition of surficial materials including Quaternary-age (less than approximately two million years old) alluvium, colluvium and topsoil.3 Figure 6-4 shows the local geology of Carlsbad. Seismicity There are no active faults that run directly through Carlsbad. Additionally, the California Geologic Survey does not include the City of Carlsbad on its list of cities affected by Alquist-Priolo Earthquake Fault Zones. The nearest fault to the city is the Newport-Inglewood-Rose Canyon Fault, which runs offshore of the western edge of the city and is considered active. Other faults in the region include the Coronado Bank, La Nacion, Elsinore, Agua Caliente, and San Jacinto. Fault activity has the potential to result in ground shaking, which can be of varying intensity depending on the intensity of earthquake activity, proximity to that activity, and local soils and geology conditions. Although there are no active faults within Carlsbad, the city is located within a seismically active region and earthquakes have the potential to cause ground shaking of sig- nificant magnitude. Figure 6-5 shows the location and extent of the profiled earthquake faults within San Diego County based on a United States Geological Survey earthquake model that shows probabilistic peak ground acceleration. Although located near fault lines, Carlsbad lies within a medium-low probabi- listic peak ground acceleration zone. Historical documents record that an earthquake centered either on the Rose Canyon or Coronado Bank faults struck San Diego on May 27, 1862, damaging buildings in Old Town and causing ground rupture near the San Diego River mouth. This earthquake is believed to have had a magnitude of about 6.0 based on descriptions of the damage it caused. The strongest recorded earthquake in the San Diego area was a magnitude of 5.3 on the Richter scale that struck on July 13, 1986 on the Coronado Bank fault, 25 miles offshore of Solana Beach. There have been several moderate earthquakes recorded within the Rose Canyon Fault Zone as well. On June 17, 1985, three earthquakes hit San Diego measuring 3 Ibid. 6-20 City of Carlsbad Public Safety6 3.9, 4.0, and 3.9, respectively, and on October 28, 1986, a stronger earthquake with a magnitude of 4.7 occurred.4 Seismic Risk to Development Earthquake damage to structures can be caused by ground rupture, liquefac- tion, ground shaking, and possibly inundation from tsunami (as discussed above). The level of damage at a location resulting from an earthquake will depend upon the magnitude of the event, the epicenter distance, the response of geologic materials, and the design and construction quality of structures. During an earthquake, shaking of granular loose soil saturated with water can lead to liquefaction, a condition in which sediments below the water table tem- porarily lose strength during an earthquake and behave as a viscous liquid rather than a solid. As a result, this can cause structures to lose foundation- bearing capacity. Historically, seismic shaking levels in the San Diego region, including in Carlsbad, have not been sufficient enough to trigger liquefaction, and as such, the city generally has a low liquefaction risk. However, there are areas of the city that have a higher risk of liquefaction due to the presence of hydric soils or soils that are often saturated or characteristic of wetlands. These areas are limited to the immediate vicinity of the Buena Vista, Agua Hedionda, and Batiquitos Lagoons, as shown in Figure 6-6. Additionally, in general, south facing slopes in Carlsbad are gentle grade and not prone to landslides, while north facing slopes are generally steeper and more susceptible to landslides. Development in a liquefaction hazard zone requires adherence to the guidelines for evaluating and mitigating seismic hazards as required by California Public Resources Code Section 2695(a). Before a development permit can be granted for a site within a seismic hazard zone, a geotechnical investigation of the site must be conducted and appropriate mitigation measures incorporated into the project design. Mitigation of liquefaction hazards can include edge contain- ment structures (e.g. berms, dikes, retaining walls, etc.), driving piles, removal or treatment of liquefiable soils, or modification of site geometry. The city’s Building Division implements and enforces the Carlsbad Municipal Code and the California Building Code regulations relative to seismic risk to development. Chapter 18.07 of the Carlsbad Municipal Code specifies the need and establishes guidelines for the seismic upgrade of unreinforced masonry buildings. 4 Deméré, Thomas A., Ph.D., San Diego Natural History Museum, Geology of San Diego County, California, http://www.sdnhm.org/archive/research/paleontology/sdfaults.html, accessed on September 25, 2012b 6-21 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 MELROSE DR A LG A R D R AN C H O SANTAFERDL A C OSTA AVE ELCAMINORE AL LA COSTA AVE SAN D I EGONORTHERN RRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E T TI A LNPALOMA R AI R P ORT RD C AM I N O VIDA R O BLE AVIARA P KWYP O IN S E T T I A LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD F ARA DAY AVE EL CAMINO R EALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOL L EGEBLVDM A RRON R D C A R L S BA D V ILLAG ED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiq u i t os Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena VistaLagoon CalaveraLake MaerkleReservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; DUDEK, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Figure 6-4 Geologic Map of the Oceanside Quadrangle GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Alluvium Cretaceous marine undivided Eocene marine Mesozoic granitic rocks Upper Cretaceous marine Mesozoic volcanic and metavolcanic Pliocene marine Water Figure 6-4: Geology 6-23 San Diego Metropolitan Area S A N D I E G O Oceanside Vista Escondido Encinitas CARLSBAD 15 8 5 78 67 78 79 805 94 15 163 52 Solana Beach Del Mar Poway Ramona San Diego San Diego San Marcos Santee El Cajon La Mesa Lemon Grove 8 5 5 78 125 94 56 76 76 Figure 6-5 Earthquake Fault Lines Freeway Major Highway Minor Highway/Major Street Passenger Rail Lines County Lines City of Carlsbad Urban Areas 0 6 123 Miles Earthquake Faults Source: ESRI, 2009; City of Carlsbad, 2013; DUDEK, 2013; USGS, 2002; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. P a c i f i c O c e a n GENERAL PLANFigure 6-5: Earthquake Faults 6-25 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 MELROSE DR A L G A RD RAN C H O SA NTAFERDL A C O STA AVE ELCAMI NOREAL LA COSTA AVE SAN D I EGONORTHERN RRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E T TIA L NPALOMA R A I R P ORT RD CAM IN O VIDA R O BLE AVIARA P KWYP O IN S E T TIA LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD FARAD A Y AV E EL CAMINO REALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOL L E GEBLVDM A RRON RD C A R LSBA D V ILLAGED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiquit o s Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena Vista Lagoon Calavera Lake Maerkle Reservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; DUDEK, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Figure 6-6 Liquefaction Hazard GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Potential Liquefaction Riverwash Tidal flats Tujunga sand, 0 to 5 percent slopes Other Hazard Figure 6-6: Liquefaction Hazards 6-27 Draft General Plan Public Safety6 Draft General Plan 6.5 Airport Hazards For land use policies related to the airport, see Chapter 2: Land Use and Community Design. For noise policies related to the airport, see Chapter 5: Noise Element. The McClellan-Palomar Airport, located in Carlsbad, serves the northern part of San Diego County. The airport, owned and operated by the County of San Diego, is defined by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)as a commer- cial service airport that, in addition to private aircraft, has regularly scheduled commercial flights to Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). The McClellan- Palomar Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan (ALUCP) is prepared according to Federal Aviation Administration requirements and adopted by the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority acting as the Airport Land Use Commis- sion for the County of San Diego. The ALUCP provides measures to minimize the public’s exposure to excessive noise and safety hazards within areas around the airport, and identifies areas likely to be impacted by noise and flight activity created by aircraft operations at the airport. These impacted areas include the Airport Influence Area (AIA), the Clear Zone, and the Flight Activity Zone. The AIA, shown in Figure 6-7, includes a large portion of the City of Carlsbad, as well as portions of the cities of Vista, San Marcos, and Escondido. Within the AIA, the ALUCP establishes six safety zones for the purpose of evaluating safety compatibility of new/future land use actions. The safety zone boundaries depict relative risk of aircraft accidents occurring near the airport and are derived from general aviation aircraft accident location data and data regarding the airport’s runway configuration and airport operational proce- dures. The ALUCP limits development intensities in these zones by imposing floor area and lot coverage maximums, by incorporating risk reduction measures in the design and construction of buildings, and/or by restricting certain uses altogether. Generally, allowable uses and development intensities range from most restrictive in Safety Zone 1 to least restrictive in Safety Zone 6 (these are shown in Figure 5-4). For example, all residential and virtually all non-residential uses are considered incompatible land uses in Zone 1, while all land uses in Zone 6 are considered to be either compatible or conditionally- compatible with the airport. The FAA establishes airspace protection zones in the airspace above and sur- rounding airports in order to protect aircraft from obstructions such as buildings, towers, etc. in navigable airspace. Airspace protection zones are defined in Part 77 of the Code of Federal Aviation Regulations; the protected airspace around McClellan-Palomar Airport is depicted in Figure 6-7. The ALUCP also requires that certain development projects record overflight notification documents in order to provide constructive notice to current and prospective property owners of aircraft activity within the vicinity of the 6-28 City of Carlsbad Public Safety6 airport. Under certain circumstances, developers of specific properties may be required to grant avigation easements to the airport owner (County of San Diego). Among other things, an avigation easement grants the right of flight in the airspace above the property, allows the generation of noise and other impacts associated with overflight, restricts the height of structures, trees and other objects on the property, prohibits potential on ground flight hazards (sources of light/glare, etc.) and permits access to the property to remove or mark objects exceeding the established height limit. Figure 6-7 depicts the avigation easement and overflight notification areas surrounding the airport. The city requires review of all proposed development projects within the AIA. New development proposals must process a site development plan, or other development permit, and be found to be consistent or conditionally consis- tent with applicable land use compatibility policies with respect to noise, safety, airspace protection, and overflight, as contained in the ALUCP. Additionally, development proposals are required to comply with FAA regulations con- cerning the construction or alteration of structures that may affect navigable airspace. 6-29CANNONRD C OL LEGEBLV DTAMARACKAVECARLSBADVILLAGEDRCO A S T HW Y VISTA W Y MARRON R D EL C AM I NO R E A L CANNON R D CARLSBAD BLVDEL CA MI NOREALFAR A D AYAVE COLLE G E B LVD PALOMAR AIRPORT RD PAL OMA R A IRPORT RD PO IN S E T T IA L N CAMINO V ID A ROBLE ALGA RD LAKE BLVD ME LR O SE D R P OIN S E T TI A L N MELROS E DRA VI ARAPKWY AVIAR APKWY OLIVENHAIN RD LEUCADIA BLVD LA C O S TA AV ELACOSTAAVE TA M ARACK AVE S H A D OWRID G EDR RANCHO SAN TAFERDCOAST HWYBUSINESSPAR K DRELCAMI NOR E AL CAN N ON RD RANCH O SA N TAFERDSAN DIEGO NORTHERN RR MCCLELLAN-PALOMARAIRPORT Batiquitos L a go on Pacific Ocean Agua Hedionda Lagoon BuenaVistaLagoon CalaveraLake SquiresReservoir City ofOceanside City of Encinitas City ofVista City ofSan Marcos AVENI DAENCIN AS PASEO D E L NORTESY C AMOREAVERunway Prote c t i o n Z o n e 1 1 2 2 3 33 3 5 5 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 5 5 78 78 CAR L SB ADB L V D 0 1/2 1 21/4 MILES Figure 6-7CARLSBAD GENERAL PLANMcClellan-Palomar AirportInfluence Area/Safety Zones Airport Safety Zones Zone 1- Runway Protection Zone Zone 2 - Inner Approach/Departure Zone Zone 3 - Inner Turning Zone Zone 4 - Outer Approach/Departure Zone Zone 5 - Sideline Zone Zone 6 - Traffic Pattern Zone Avigation Easement Areas* Airport Overflight Notification Area(only applies to new resdiential development) Airport Property Boundary City Limits Major Road Planned Road Railroad *Defined as the Runway Protection Zone orwithin the contour of the 65 dB CNEL orareas where the ground penetrates a Part 77airspace surface. Source: McClellan-Palomar Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan, 2010. Figure 6-7: McClellan-Palomar Airport Influence Area/Safety Zones 6-31 Draft General Plan Public Safety6 Draft General Plan 6.6 Hazardous Materials Hazardous materials include a wide variety of substances commonly used in households and businesses. Motor oil, paint, solvents, lawn care and gardening products, household cleaners, gasoline, and refrigerants are among the diverse range of substances classified as hazardous materials. Nearly all businesses and residences generate some amount of hazardous waste. Certain businesses and industries, including gas stations, automotive service and repair shops, printers, dry cleaners, and photo processors, generate larger amounts of such substances. Hospitals, clinics, and laboratories generate medical waste, much of which is also potentially hazardous. Some hazardous materials present a radiation risk. Radioactive materials, if handled improperly, or if radiation is accidentally released into the envi- ronment, can be dangerous because of the harmful effects of certain types of radiation on the human body. Hazardous Materials Transport Major transportation routes within Carlsbad include Interstate 5 and State Route 78, surface streets, and the San Diego Northern railroad. Petroleum pipelines, as well as the oil and natural gas pipelines to the Encina Power Plant, also traverse through Carlsbad, and there are high pressure fuel lines along El Camino Real and other areas, as shown in Figure 6-8. These transportation routes and pipelines are used to transport hazardous materials from suppliers to users. Transportation accidents involving hazardous materials could occur on any of the routes, potentially resulting in explosions, physical contact by emergency response personnel, environmental degradation, and exposure to the public. Hazardous Materials Facilities The County of San Diego, through its California Environmental Protection Agency (CalEPA) Unified Program, has recorded (as of 2012) approximately 338 facilities within Carlsbad that store and maintain chemical, biological, and radiological agents, and explosives. In addition, there are 180 facilities within the city that are registered with the U.S. EPA as generators of hazardous waste.5 Potential Environmental Hazards Sites within the City of Carlsbad where the presence of hazardous materials present potential environmental hazards were identified using information from state databases and a review of online regulatory files for select sites. The databases used were EnviroStor, which identifies hazardous waste facility and cleanup sites, and SWRCB GeoTracker, which identifies permitted underground 5 County of San Diego, 2010, San Diego County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan, page 4-51. 6-32 City of Carlsbad Public Safety6 storage tanks (UST) and cleanup sites. The databases included the following types of sites: release sites (cleanup sites), UST sites, permitted hazardous waste facilities, wastewater treatment tiered permit facilities, and proposed school sites evaluated by the California DTSC for the presence of hazardous materials. The hazardous materials sites identified in the EnviroStor and GeoTracker databases were evaluated as part of the General Plan Environmental Impact Report (EIR) in order to rank the sites in terms of potential environmental concern. Using the databases, a total of 214 hazardous materials sites with 126 unique listings were identified within Carlsbad (see the General Plan EIR for details of the listings). A total of 110 of those unique site listings have had known releases, while the remaining 16 have not had known releases. The San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board’s Geographic Environmental Informa- tion Management System is a data warehouse that tracks regulatory data about underground fuel tanks, fuel pipelines and public drinking water supplies using GeoTracker; as information in the database is periodically updated, the database should be consulted for current information. 6-33 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 MELROSE DR AL GA RD R AN C H O SA NTAFERDL A C O STA AVE ELCAMINORE AL LA COSTA AVE SAN D I EGONORTHERN RRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E T TI A LNPALOMA R A IR PORT RD C AM IN O VIDA R O BLE AVIARA P KWYP O IN S E T T IA LN PA LOMAR AIRPORT RD F ARA DAY AVE EL CAMINO REALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOL L E GEBLVDM A RRON R D C A R L S BA D V ILLAG ED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Bat iq u i to s Lago o n MCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena Vista Lagoon CalaveraLake Maerkle Reservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside BATIQUITOS CANNON ENCINA 1380 2138022300613803 2 301 023002230121380723011 13825 13806 23006 2300213804 Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 1994; SANDAG, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Figure 6-8 Electric and Gas Transmission Lines GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Electric Substations Electric Transmission Lines* 230 KV 138 KV Gas Transmission Lines* Above 200 psi Above 60 psi Petroleum Gas Mains * Note that the location of electric transmission lines and gas transmission pipelines are approximate. The map provides a generalized guide and is not an authoritative depiction of where the risks are more likely. A site-specific study should be performed for detail analysis. Figure 6-8: Electric and Gas Trasmission Lines 6-35 Draft General Plan Public Safety6 Draft General Plan 6.7 Police, Fire, and Emergency Services Police Services The Carlsbad Police Department conducts its safety services out of the Carlsbad Public Safety and Service Center located on Orion Way. The Public Safety Center location is depicted on Figure 6-9. The patrol division is the core of the Police Department’s law enforcement services, responding to more than 90,000 calls for service annually. Although street patrols are the majority of the division’s activity, other special services include canine units, bicycle patrol, crisis nego- tiations, bilingual services, tactical response team (SWAT; Special Weapons and Tactics) and mental health assistance teams. In May 2012, the Carlsbad Safety Training Center was completed to provide necessary training for local police, fire and other safety workers. The training center is located next to the Public Safety and Service Center, and includes a shooting range and structures that can be used to simulate fires in residential and commercial buildings as well as help police conduct tactical training. Anticipated Space Needs for the Police Department To accommodate population growth, the Police Department expects to grow to a point where it will need to occupy the space inside the Public Safety and Service Center that is currently occupied by Fire Administration. Alternative solutions the Police Department is considering include relocating some or all Police Department services to another facility, relocating Fire Administra- tion to another facility, or expanding the Public Safety and Service Center to accommodate Police Department growth and the continued presence of Fire Administration. Also needed by the Police Department is a secure storage facility for large pieces of evidence, such as vehicles. Fire and Emergency Medical Services The City of Carlsbad has six fire stations, indicated on Figure 6-9. The oldest of the stations was constructed in 1966, while the newest was completed in 2009. Fire Operations is the largest division within the Carlsbad Fire Department and is responsible for fire suppression, rescue, emergency medical service delivery and disaster mitigation. The Fire Department delivers advanced life support level care on all fire engines and ambulances, including a licensed paramedic. Currently, more than 75 percent of the city’s fire suppression personnel are licensed paramedics; frequently multiple paramedics are available on-scene at emergency incidents. City of Carlsbad SWAT medics are firefighter/paramedics on special assign- ment working alongside the Carlsbad Police Department SWAT team. SWAT 6-36 City of Carlsbad Public Safety6 medics are also deployed with Carlsbad police officers in support of other law enforcement units such as the San Diego Sheriff’s SWAT team and the regional law enforcement task force. Anticipated Space Needs for the Fire Department Based on needs identified by the Carlsbad Police Department for additional space, considerations will need to be made for the relocation of Fire Adminis- tration in close proximity to Fire Station No. 5 and the Carlsbad Safety Training Center. At that time, consideration for the relocation of Fire Prevention staff to the same location should also be made. The future needs of the Fire Department must be considered when embarking on the remodeling or rebuilding of a fire station. Three out of the six fire stations (Fire Stations 1, 2 and 3) are currently minimally meeting the operational needs of the city. These three stations are 40 years or older and nearing the end of their service life; Stations 1 and 2 should be considered for major remodel or recon- struction; Fire Station 3 is planned to be replaced in 2014 with a new station in the Robertson Ranch Master Plan area. Increased service demands, changes in staffing, and the increasing size of fire apparatus require considerations for increasing the size and capabilities of these city facilities. Wildland Fire Hazards The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE) has mapped fire threat potential throughout California. CAL FIRE ranks fire threat according to the availability of fuel and the likelihood of an area burning (based on topography, fire history, and climate).6 The rankings include little or no fire threat, moderate, high, and very high fire threat. The large amounts of open space and wildland make Carlsbad susceptible to brush fires year round. The proximity of native vegetation and the climate of the region contribute to a moderate to high threat of wildfires in the city, as illustrated in Figure 6-10. Most 6 County of San Diego, 2010, San Diego County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan, page 4-89. TABLE 6–1: FIRE STATIONS SUMMARY STATIONS BUILT ADDRESS STAFFING DESCRIPTION 1 1966 1275 Carlsbad Village Dr.Crew of five: captain, engineer and three firefighter/paramedics 2 1969 1906 Arenal Rd.Crew of five: captain, engineer and three firefighter/paramedics 31 1973 3701 Catalina Dr.Crew of three: captain, engineer and firefighter/paramedic 4 1986 6885 Batiquitos Dr.Crew of three: captain, engineer and firefighter/paramedic 5 1988 2540 Orion Way Crew of four: duty battalion chief, captain, engineer, and firefighter/paramedic 6 2009 7201 Rancho Santa Fe Rd.Crew of three: captain, engineer, and firefighter/paramedic 1 Fire Station 3 is planned to be replaced with a new station to be constructed in the Robertson Ranch Master Plan area. Construction of the new station is anticipated to be completed by the end of 2014. Source: City of Carlsbad Fire Department Service Provider Information Request, September 2010. 6-37 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 MELROSE DR A LG A R D R AN C H O SANTAFERDL A C O S TA AV E ELCAMINORE AL LA COSTA AVE SANDI EGONORTHERNRRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E T T I A LNPALOMA R A I R PORT RD C AM IN O VIDA R OBLE AVIARA P KWYP O I N S E T T IA LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD F ARA DA Y A V E EL CAMINO REALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVETAMARACKAVECOL L EGEBLVDM A RRON R D C A R L SB A D V ILLAGED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiqu i t os Lago onMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena Vista Lagoon Calavera Lake SquiresReservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside La Costa Canyon High Carlsbad High Valley Middle Aviara Oaks Elementary/ Middle Hope Elementary Carrillo Elementary Magnolia Elementary Kelly Elementary Pacific Rim Elementary Jefferson Elementary La Costa Meadows Elementary Olivenhain Pioneer Elementary Mission Estancia Elementary Calavera Hills Elementary/ Middle La Costa Heights Elementary El Camino Creek Elementary Poinsettia Elementary Buena Vista Elementary Carlsbad PoliceDepartment Fire Station # 4 Fire Station # 2 Fire Station # 6 Fire Station # 5 Fire Station# 3 Fire Station# 1 Carlsbad City Hall Stagecoach Community Center CalaveraHillsCommunityCenter Hosp Grove Park/Trailheads Magee House & Park Holiday Park Hidden Canyon Community Park Calavera Hills Community Park Future Veteran's Memorial Park Future Zone 5 Park Future Robertson Ranch Park Future Cannon Lake Park Car Country Park Poinsettia Community Park Aviara Community Park Alga Norte Community Park Carillo Ranch Historic Park El Fuerte Park La Costa Canyon Community Park Cadencia Park Stagecoach Community Park Safety TrainingCenter HardingCommunityCenter SeniorCenter Oak Park Calavera Hills Trailhead Lagoon Observation Area Ocean Street Sculpture Park and Sea Wall DIST # 5 DIST # 3 DIST # 2 DIST # 6 DIST # 4 DIST# 1 Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Public Schools Existing and Planned Parks Open Space Fire Districts Figure 6-9 Public Safety Services GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Police Station Fire Station Safety Training Center Community/Senior Centers City Hall Figure 6-9: Public Safety Services 6-39 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 MELROSE DR A LG A R D R AN C H O SANTAFERDL A C OSTA AVE ELCAMINORE AL LA COSTA AVE SAN D I EGONORTHERN RRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E T TI A LNPALOMA R AI R P ORT RD C AM I N O VIDA R O BLE AVIARA P KWYP O IN S E T T I A LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD F ARA D A Y AV E EL CAMINO REALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOLLEGEBLVDMARRONRD C A R L S BA D V ILLAG ED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiq u i t os Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena Vista Lagoon Calavera Lake Maerkle Reservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; DUDEK, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Figure 6-11 Structure Fire/Wildfire Threat GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Fire Hazard Severity Zones Very High Threat High Threat Moderate Threat Little or No Threat Urban Figure 6-10: Structure Fire/Wildfire Threat 6-41 Draft General Plan Public Safety6 Draft General Plan of Carlsbad has only moderate fire threat; however there is high and very high fire threat in the central and eastern portions of the city.7 Urban Fire Hazards Urban fire risk in Carlsbad is greatest in older structures and neighborhoods built before modern building codes for fire safety and building systems were in place. Other factors affecting urban fire risk and relative likelihood of loss of life or property include building age, height and use; storage of flammable material; building construction materials; availability of sprinkler systems; and proximity to a fire station and hydrants. Peakload Water Supply Requirement The Carlsbad Fire Department requires a minimum flow of water for fire pro- tection in accordance with the adopted amended California Fire Code and the Insurance Services Office standards. Water mains serving single-family detached houses must provide a flow of 1,500 gallons per minute, in addition to the peak normal maximum daily consumption needs for a neighborhood. The required fire-flow standard for commercial, industrial, manufacturing and large apartment buildings varies from 1,500 to 8,000 gallons per minute, in addition to the peak normal daily consumption needs. This standard is based on type of construction, type of use and any built-in fire protection (sprinklers, etc.). There are currently no known water flow pressure or supply deficiencies in Carlsbad. The Carlsbad Fire Marshal reviews proposed projects to ensure adequate fire hydrant locations, water flow pressure, and access for emergency vehicles is provided. Minimum Road Widths and Clearances Around Structures Clear emergency vehicle access to buildings is important. Such access is regulated by the adopted and amended California Fire Code and adopted Carlsbad land development engineering standards. Under the current Fire Code, all portions of a building shall be within 150 feet of a serviceable fire access road. 7 County of San Diego, 2010, San Diego County Multi-Jurisdiction Hazard Mitigation Plan, page 4-93 and 4-94. 6-42 City of Carlsbad Public Safety6 6.8 Emergency Preparedness Coordination and Management Chapter 6.04 of the Carlsbad Municipal Code defines the organization, power and duties of the City of Carlsbad emergency organization. The City of Carlsbad Fire Department’s Emergency Preparedness Division supports the emergency organization by further defining the scope of the city’s emergency manage- ment program and large-scale incident response activities. The strategic focus of the emergency management program is contained in the Emergency Pre- paredness Division’s mission statement. Carlsbad’s Emergency Management Administrative Team (CEMAT) assists the Emergency Preparedness Division in preparedness, response, recovery and mitigation tasks. By resolution, the city has adopted the State of California Standardized Emergency Management System (SEMS), National Incident Management System (NIMS) and Incident Command System (ICS) as its emergency management systems. All City of Carlsbad employees are disaster service workers. Carlsbad’s Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) is made up of City of Carlsbad disaster volunteers and reports to the Emergency Preparedness Division, or the EOC in the event of an actual disaster. In general, the City of Carlsbad Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) further establishes and details emergency organization, assigns tasks, specifies policies and general procedures, and provides for coor- dination of planning efforts of the various emergency staff and service elements utilizing SEMS, NIMS and ICS. The city’s EOP identifies the city’s Emergency Operations Center (EOC) as the location from which centralized emergency management would be performed during a major emergency or disaster, including receiving and disseminating information, maintaining contact with other EOCs and providing instructions to the public. Emergency prepared- ness and disaster response information is shared with the public through the City of Carlsbad’s website, reverse-911 systems, social media including “sdemergency”mobile application, traditional media, public outreach and the EOC hotline, when activated. Evacuation Routes Carlsbad is a participant in the Unified San Diego County Emergency Services Organization (USDCESO). The USDCESO Operational Area Emergency Plan (October 2010) contains evacuation routes resulting from a variety of emer- gencies. Evacuation routes in this document are incorporated by reference in this General Plan; the document can be accessed at http://www.co.san-diego. ca.us/oes/emergency_management/protected/docs/2010_Complete_Plan_w_ Annexes.pdf City of Carlsbad EOP Annex Q (2013) provides Carlsbad-specific evacuation information and is available in the EOC. 6-43 Draft General Plan Public Safety6 Draft General Plan 6.9 Goals and Policies Goals 6-G.1 Minimize injury, loss of life, and damage to property resulting from fire, flood, hazardous material release, or seismic disasters. 6-G.2 Minimize safety hazards related to aircraft operations in areas around the McClellan-Palomar Airport. 6-G.3 Maintain safety services that are responsive to citizens’ needs to ensure a safe and secure environment for people and property in the community. Policies Flooding and Coastal Hazards 6-P.1 Enforce the Cobey-Alquist Floodplain Management Act and the city’s Floodplain Management Regulations to prohibit construction of structures in a designated floodway where such development would endanger life or significantly restrict the carrying capacity of the designated floodway; and to regulate development within other areas of special flood hazard, flood related erosion hazard and mudslide hazard to ensure such development does not adversely affect public health and safety due to water and erosion hazards, or result in damaging increases in erosion, flood height or velocities. 6-P.2 Continue to implement and pursue flood control programs that reduce flood hazards, such as the city’s Grading Ordinance and the Floodplain Management Regulations. 6-P.3 Cooperate and coordinate with federal, state and local jurisdictions, and agencies involved in the mitigation of flood hazards from dam inundation, tsunamis, sea level rise, and major flood events. 6-P.4 Require all proposed drainage facilities to comply with the city’s Standard Design Criteria to ensure they are properly sized to handle 100-year flood conditions. 6-P.5 Require installation of protective structures or other design measures to protect proposed building and development sites from the effects of flooding. 6-P.6 Enforce the requirements of Titles 18, 20, and 21 pertaining to drainage and flood control when reviewing applications for building permits and subdivisions. 6-P.7 Comply with all requirements of the California Department of Water Resources’ Division of Safety of Dams to ensure adequate flood control. 6-P.8 Comply with Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) requirements to identify flood hazard areas and control 6-44 City of Carlsbad Public Safety6 development within these areas in order for residents to qualify for federal flood insurance. Cooperate with FEMA on shoreline flooding hazards and other mapping efforts. Geology and Seismicity 6-P.9 Allow for consideration of seismic and geologic hazards at the earliest possible point in the development process, preferably before comprehensive engineering work has commenced. 6-P.10 Maintain geotechnical report guidelines identifying specific require- ments for various levels of geotechnical evaluation, including reconnaissance studies, preliminary geotechnical investigation reports, and as-graded geotechnical reports. 6-P.11 Use information in Figure 6-4 as a generalized guideline for planning purposes and in determining the type and extent of geo- technical report to be required for a proposed development project. When a geotechnical report is required, require submission of the report and demonstration that a project conforms to all mitigation measures recommended in the report prior to city approval of the proposed development. 6-P.12 Require a geotechnical investigation and report of all sites proposed for development in areas where geologic conditions or soil types are susceptible to liquefaction. Also require demonstration that a project conforms to all mitigation measures recommended in the geotechnical report prior to city approval of the proposed develop- ment (as required by state law). 6-P.13 Prohibit location of critical structures directly across known earth- quake faults unless a geotechnical and/or seismic investigation is performed to show that the earthquake fault is neither active nor potentially active. 6-P.14 Require applicants to conduct detailed geologic and seismic inves- tigations at sites where the construction of critical structures (high-occupancy structures and those that must remain in operation during emergencies) and structures over four stories are under consideration. 6-P.15 In accordance with the California Subdivision Map Act, deny subdi- vision maps if a project site is not physically suitable for either the type or density of a proposed development because of geologic, seismic, or other hazards. 6-P.16 Require qualified geotechnical engineering professionals to review grading plans and inspect areas of excavation during and after grading, to evaluate slope stability and other geotechnical condi- tions that may affect site development and public safety. In areas of known or suspected landslides and/or adverse geologic conditions, the following determinations should be made: extent of landslide, depth-to-slide plane, soil types and strengths, presence of clay seams and ground water conditions. 6-45 Draft General Plan Public Safety6 Draft General Plan 6-P.17 Continue to regulate development, including remodeling or struc- tural rehabilitation, to ensure adequate mitigation of safety hazards on sites having a history or threat of seismic dangers, erosion, sub- sidence, or flooding. Airport Hazards 6-P.18 Ensure that development in the McClellan-Palomar Airport Influence Area is consistent with the land use compatibility policies contained in the McClellan-Palomar Airport Land Use Compatibility Plan. See also policies in the Land Use and Community Design Element related to McClel- lan-Palomar Airport. Soils and Hazardous Materials 6-P.19 Limit hazards associated with the manufacture, use, transfer, storage and disposal of hazardous materials and hazardous wastes through enforcement of applicable local, county, state and federal regulations. 6-P.20 Coordinate with the County of San Diego and use the San Diego County Multi-Jurisdictional Hazard Mitigation Plan as a guide for implementing actions to reduce hazardous waste impacts. 6-P.21 Regulate locations for the manufacture, storage, and use of hazardous materials within the city through implementation of Carlsbad Municipal Code Title 21 (Zoning Ordinance). 6-P.22 Regulate development on sites with known contamination of soil and groundwater to ensure that construction workers, future occupants, and the environment as a whole, are adequately protected from hazards associated with contamination, and encourage cleanup of such sites. 6-P.23 Provide for hazardous materials emergency incident responses. Coordinate such responses with applicable federal, state and county agencies. 6-P.24 Maintain regulations that require proper storage and disposal of hazardous materials to reduce the likelihood of leakage, explosions, or fire, and to properly contain potential spills from leaving the site. 6-P.25 Enhance and expand the use of desiltation/pollutant basins to function as hazardous material spill control facilities to prevent the spread of contaminants to downstream areas. 6-P.26 Support public awareness and participation in household hazardous waste management, solid waste, and recycling programs. Police, Fire and Emergency Services 6-P.27 Maintain adequate Police and Fire Department staff to provide adequate and timely response to all emergencies. 6-46 City of Carlsbad Public Safety6 6-P.28 Ensure Fire Department facilities and service are provided consistent with the minimum performance standards of the city’s Growth Man- agement Plan. 6-P.29 Encourage physical planning and community design practices that deter crime and promote safety. 6-P.30 Maintain close coordination between planned improvements to the circulation system within the city and the location of fire stations to assure adequate levels of service and response times to all areas of the community. 6-P.31 Consider site constraints in terms of hazards and current levels of emergency service delivery capabilities when making land use decisions. In areas where population or building densities may be inappropriate to the hazards present, take measures to mitigate the risk of life and property loss. 6-P.32 Coordinate the delivery of fire protection services through mutual aid agreements with other agencies when appropriate. 6-P.33 Enforce the Uniform Building and Fire codes, adopted by the city, to provide fire protection standards for all existing and proposed structures. 6-P.34 Promote community awareness of possible natural and man-made hazards, response plans and measures that can be taken to protect lives. 6-P.35 When future development is proposed to be intermixed with wildlands and/or adjacent to wildlands, require applicants to comply with the city’s adopted Landscape Manual, which includes require- ments related to fire protection, and calls for preparation of a fire protection plan when a proposed project contains or is bounded by hazardous vegetation or is within an area bounded by a very high fire hazard severity zone, or as determined by the Fire Code official or his representative. Emergency Preparedness 6-P.36 Maintain and periodically update the City of Carlsbad Emergency Operations Plan as appropriate information becomes available, and continue participating in multijurisdictional disaster planning. 6-P.37 Promote public awareness of possible natural and man-made hazards, measures that can be taken to protect lives and property, response plans, and evacuation routes. 6-P.38 Inform the public and contractors of the danger involved and the necessary precautions that must be taken when working on or near pipelines or utility transmission lines. 6-P.39 Ensure all new development complies with all applicable regulations regarding the provision of public utilities and facilities. 7-1 Draft General Plan 7 Arts, History, Culture, and Education The Arts, History, Culture, and Education (AHCE) Element of the General Plan recognizes that an aesthetic environment and connections to culture and education are essential characteristics of a community that values its quality of life and wishes to be seen by its residents, neighbors and visitors as an attractive and desirable place, addressing the needs of the human spirit. This element is intended to enhance availability and accessibility of the arts for all residents, preservation of the important historic and cultural elements that make Carlsbad unique, and educational opportunities for lifelong learning. 7-2 City of Carlsbad Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 7-3 Draft General Plan Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 Draft General Plan 7.1 Introduction Background and Purpose This element addresses community attributes that contribute to Carlsbad’s character, and provide enrichment to residents while fostering economic vitality. First, the element presents a brief history of Carlsbad, tracing the city’s cultural roots from pre-Colombian times to the modern day. Natural and built landmarks that represent important links to the city’s cultural history are highlighted. Second, the city’s rich arts tradition is explored, including the institutions, public art, and events that enhance community pride and con- nectedness. Lastly, the city’s educational institutions are addressed in order to identify ways to maintain their high quality while serving Carlsbad’s growing population and establishing linkages with economic development. The AHCE Element consists of narrative goals, polices, and programs that seek to preserve and enhance Carlsbad’s cultural resources, expand and promote visual and performing arts and arts education, and support lifelong learning through youth and adult educational institutions and services. Relationship to State Law While the inclusion of art and cultural resources, historic resources, and edu- cational resources are not required in any of the seven mandated elements of a general plan, California Government Code Section 65303 indicates that a general plan may include any other elements, which the community feels relate to the physical development of the city. Relationship to Community Vision The AHCE Element is most closely tied to the following core values of the Carlsbad Community Vision: Core Value 7: Emphasize the arts by promoting a multitude of events and pro- ductions year-round, cutting-edge venues to host world-class performances, and celebrate Carlsbad’s cultural heritage in dedicated facilities and programs. Core Value 8: Support quality, comprehensive education and life-long learning opportunities, provide housing and community services for a changing popula- tion, and maintain a high standard for citywide public safety. Relationship to Other General Plan Elements The AHCE Element is correlated to the Land Use and Community Design Element as well as the Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation Element. Related to the Land Use and Community Design Element, the AHCE Element supports its objectives of enhancing livability in Carlsbad and creating an 7-4 City of Carlsbad Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 overall physical image for the city through the arts and preservation of cultural and historic resources. The AHCE Element also informs the city’s land use map by identifying facility needs for schools and libraries. The AHCE Element relates to the Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation Element in that all new parks include a public art component and address community needs for arts programming. 7-5 Draft General Plan Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 Draft General Plan 7.2 Historic Resources Carlsbad has abundant historic resources representing human settlements that date hundreds of years into the past. The history of its people and its physical form are closely connected, as is highlighted in the following histori- cal narrative. Brief History of Carlsbad Pre-Colombian History Prior to 1798, two Native American tribes were known to occupy the area that is currently known as Carlsbad: the Luiseños and the Diegueños (or Kumeyaay). The Luiseños inhabited the area just north of the San Luis Rey River, east toward Pala and south to Agua Hedionda Lagoon. The Diegueños were a larger group, and inhabited an area spanning from the Batiquitos Lagoon south to Baja Cal- ifornia.1 A record search/mapping project completed in 1990 indicated that within city limits, approximately 480 prehistoric sites associated with these two Native American tribes have been recorded. Although the locations of these resources were documented throughout the city, the majority of the prehistoric sites are located on broad mesa tops and along the lagoon terraces. Though few sites remain due to land development over the past 30 years, recorded resources range from single isolated milling features or isolated lithic tools to multi-com- ponent settlements indicative of long-term and multicultural occupation.2 Spanish and Mexican Period In 1769, Spanish explorers first arrived from Mexico and camped near Agua Hedionda Lagoon. When Mexico achieved independence from Spain in 1821, land ownership and land use patterns evolved, igniting the Rancho period in California history where large tracts of land were granted to settlers and gov- ernment friends to encourage settlement and cattle raising. In 1833, the mission holdings were secularized and divided into large land grants. Much of greater Carlsbad was part of Rancho Agua Hedionda, a 13,000-acre ranch. The holdings extended from the Pacific Ocean east toward Vista and from the north side of Agua Hedionda Lagoon south to Leucadia in present-day Encinitas. In 1842, Rancho Agua Hedionda was granted to Juan María Marrón, who built a three room adobe on the property. Early American Period By the 1860s, the Rancho Agua Hedionda property had been acquired by Matthew Kelly, who established a homestead near the southeast corner and in 1868 constructed a home and associated outbuildings, naming the property 1 Carlsbad Historical Society 2010. History of Carlsbad. Available at: www.carlsbadhistoricalsoci-ety.com. Viewed on Sept. 13, 2010. 2 Roth and Associates, Cultural Resources Survey: City of Carlsbad, 1990. Carlsbad Santa Fe Train Depot (top) was built in 1907 and today serves the city’s Visitor’s Information Center. Leo Carrillo Ranch Historic Park (bottom). 7-6 City of Carlsbad Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 “Los Kiotes”. After the Civil War, the development of railroads had an enormous effect on the development of California and the western United States. The Cali- fornia Southern railroad, with its link to a transnational railroad proved crucial to the transformation of the San Diego region from a farming community to a small city of emerging industry, mercantile and agricultural expansion. The selected route of the railroad determined the future of many coastal town sites, including Carlsbad. The railroad stood as the town’s center in Carlsbad Village, and the town grew several blocks in all directions. In 1886, the Carlsbad Land and Mineral Company was formed, which laid out a town site and initiated speculative development.3 The newly formed town was christened Carlsbad because the mineral water found there contained the same mineral properties as the famous Spa No. 7 in Karlsbad, Bohemia. Despite its popularity among visitors seeking the reported curative powers of Carlsbad’s waters, the city experienced a long period of declining growth between 1890 and 1914 due to drought and national economic problems. During that time, buildings were abandoned and land uses changed; mining, industrial and agri- cultural endeavors were attempted but most failed. 20th Century Population and economic growth resumed again in the late 1910s, spurred by agriculture. Development and infrastructure expanded to accommodate a growing population, although even in the 1920 Census, Carlsbad residen- tial units were still primarily farms. Also at this time, millions of Mexicans fled north from Mexico to seek refuge during the Mexican Revolution, some of whom settled in Carlsbad. These immigrants provided additional farm and railroad labor to the area. They built small simple houses with no electricity or indoor plumbing and later sold the homes to other incoming immigrants. This development provided the foundation for the first neighborhood in Carlsbad, which today is called the Barrio. By 1930, areas near the historic core were divided and subdivided to make room for the newly developing suburban enclaves. Like the rest of the country, Carlsbad felt the effects of the Great Depression in the 1930s, during which numerous businesses failed and many middle and lower class residents left the area. After WWII, however, suburban development began to spread throughout Southern California and, following a series of annexa- tions beginning in the 1960s, including La Costa in 1972, Carlsbad has grown gradually in area and population. 3 City of Carlsbad 1994 Final Master Environmental Impact Report for the City of Carlsbad General Plan Update. Gaus House (top); Twin Inns/ Ocean House (bottom). 7-7 Draft General Plan Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 Draft General Plan Regulatory Setting Federal Regulations National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 The National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) was signed into law in 1966. The act seeks to preserve historic and archaeological sites across the United States. The NHPA solidified the role of the National Parks Service as lead agency in the historic preservation program and created cooperative partners in the process, including the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, State Historic Preser- vation Offices and Tribal Historic Preservation Offices. The NHPA was amended in 1980 to create the Certified Local Government (CLG) program, administered through the California State Office of Historic Preservation. This program allows for direct local government participation and integration in a comprehensive statewide historic preservation planning process. Cities and counties with CLG status may compete for preserva- tion funds allocated by the United States Congress and awarded to each state. Carlsbad is currently not a member of the CLG program. National Register of Historic Places The National Register of Historic Places is the nation’s official list of historic places. The register is overseen by the National Park Service, and requires that a property or resource eligible for listing on the register meet one of the following four criteria at the national, state, or local level to ensure integrity and obtain official designation. • Property is associated with events that have made a significant contribu- tion to the broad patterns of our history. • Property is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. Eligible properties based on this criterion are generally those associ- ated with the productive life of the individual in the field in which they achieved significance. • Property embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values, or represents a significant and distinguishable entity whose components lack individual distinction. • Property has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important to pre- history or history. In addition to meeting at least one of these four criteria, listed properties must also retain sufficient physical integrity of those features necessary to convey historic significance. The register has identified the following seven aspects of integrity: (1) location; (2) design; (3) setting; (4) materials; (5) workmanship; (6) feeling; and (7) association. 7-8 City of Carlsbad Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 Properties are nominated to the register by the State Historic Preservation Officer of the state in which the property is located, by the Federal Preservation Officer for properties under federal ownership or control, or by the Tribal Pres- ervation Officer if on tribal lands. Listing in the National Register of Historic Places provides formal recognition of a property’s historic, architectural, or archeological significance. Inclusion in the register’s database provides incentives to property owners such as: federal preservation grants for planning and rehabilitation; federal investment tax credits; preservation easements to nonprofit organizations; international building code, fire and life safety code alternatives; state tax benefits; and grant opportunities.4 Listing does not lead to public acquisition or require public access. In addition, listing does not place any obligations on the private property owners, and there are no restrictions on use, treatment, transfer, or disposition of private property. National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was signed into law in 1970. NEPA created an environmental review process requiring federal agencies to consider the effects of their actions on the environment. Under NEPA, all federal agencies must carry out their regulations, policies and programs in accordance with NEPA’s policies for environmental protection, including project compli- ance with Section 106 of the NHPA, the purpose of which is to identify historic properties, assess the effects a proposed action might have, and provide ways to avoid, minimize, or mitigate any adverse effect that may occur. State Regulations California Environmental Quality Act of 1970 The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) was enacted in 1970. This act requires that state and local agencies in California to evaluate the envi- ronmental implications of their actions. Furthermore, CEQA requires that cultural resources be considered when assessing the environmental impact of a proposed project, and that agencies avoid or reduce the project’s significant impact(s) to these resources. Senate Bill 18 California Senate Bill 18 was enacted in 2005, and requires cities and counties to notify and consult with California Native American tribes regarding proposed local land use planning decisions for the purpose of protecting traditional tribal cultural places (otherwise known as sacred sites), prior to adopting or amending a general plan or designating land as open space. Once tribes are contacted, they have 90 days to request consultation. 4 National Park Service. 2010. National Register of Historic Places Fundamentals. Available at: http://www.nps.gov/nr/national_register_fundamentals.htm 7-9 Draft General Plan Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 Draft General Plan California Register of Historic Resources The California Office of Historic Preservation maintains the California Register, which is the authoritative guide to the state’s significant historic and arche- ological resources. The program provides for the identification, evaluation, registration and protection of California’s historic resources. The California Register has established criteria to be used when evaluating the eligibility of a property or resource for listing. The four criteria are as follows: • It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history, or the cultural heritage of California or the United States; • It is associated with the lives of persons important to local, California, or national history; • It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values; • It has yielded, or is likely to yield, information important to prehistory or history of the local area, California or the nation. Similar to the National Register of Historic Places, eligibility to be listed on the California Register requires an establishment of physical integrity, including the seven aspects previously described for the National Register, although Califor- nia’s list of special considerations is less stringent. Local Regulations and Authorities City of Carlsbad Municipal Code—Historic Preservation City of Carlsbad Municipal Code Chapter 22.06 states that a historic resource may be considered and approved by the City Council for inclusion in the city’s historic resources inventory based on one or more of the following: • It exemplifies or reflects special elements of the city’s cultural, social, eco- nomic, political, aesthetic, engineering or architectural history; • It is identified with persons or events significant in local, state or national history; • It embodies distinctive characteristics of a style, type, period or method of construction, is a valuable example of the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship or is representative of a notable work of an acclaimed builder, designer or architect; • It is an archaeological, paleontological, botanical, geological, topograph- ical, ecological or geographical site which has the potential of yielding information of scientific value; 7-10 City of Carlsbad Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 • It is a geographically definable area with a concentration of buildings, structures, improvements, or objects linked historically through loca- tion, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and/or association, in which the collective value of the improvements may be greater than the value of each individual improvement. Historic Preservation Commission The city’s Historic Preservation Commission consists of five members appointed by the City Council and one ex-officio representative of the Planning Commis- sion. The Historic Preservation Commission advises the City Council and the Planning Commission on all matters related to the identification, protection, retention and preservation of historic areas and sites. City of Carlsbad Cultural Resource Guidelines In 1990, the city developed guidelines for the treatment of cultural resources consistent with federal, state, and local laws, as well as the United States Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Archaeology and Historic Preservation. The city’s guidelines establish standards of performance for resource investi- gation and present a systematic method of preserving identified resources. The guidelines are applicable to cultural resources from the prehistoric through historic periods and are implemented during CEQA compliance.5 The city’s current process for designating landmarks and points of interest is outlined in Carlsbad Municipal Code Section 22.06.030. Heritage Tree Preservation In keeping with direction from the city’s Community Forest Management Plan, which provides guidelines for planting, maintaining, removing, and preserv- ing trees in the city’s rights-of-way and other public places, the City of Carlsbad prepared a Heritage Tree Report to identify the city’s most significant trees - heritage trees, which are links to the past that are often unique, large, or special to the community in some other way. Benefits of heritage trees include their diversity of age and species composition, prominence as visual land marks, wildlife habitat niches, sensitivity as indicators of environmental problems, and influence on property values. The Heritage Tree Report was conducted in two phases under the direction of the Historic Preservation Commission. Phase I (Village area) was accepted by the Historic Preservation Commission and the Parks and Recreation Commission (the Parks and Recreation Commission oversees implementation of the Community Forest Management Plan). Phase II of the report (areas outside of the Village) has been accepted by the Historic Preservation Commission and is now pending review by the Parks Department staff and the Parks and Recreation Commission. It is anticipated that once sewer lateral issues have been resolved, both phases of the Heritage Tree Report will be presented to the City Council for inclusion in the Community Forest Management Plan. 5 City of Carlsbad 1994 Final Master Environmental Impact Report for the City of Carlsbad Gen-eral Plan Update. Magee House (top) and grounds (bottom) –home to the Carlsbad His-torical Society. 7-11 Draft General Plan Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 Draft General Plan Historic and Cultural Places and Landmarks Carlsbad is home to many structures and places with historical and cultural value that help to connect the city’s heritage to its present and future, as described in the historical narrative above. There are three resources in Carlsbad listed on the National Register of Historic Places and/or the California Register of Histor- ical Resources (see Table 7-1). In addition, there are several resources potentially eligible for nomination to the state or federal registers. More information on listed resources and potential historic resources, including addresses and a map, can be found in Envision Carlsbad Working Paper 4 – History, the Arts and Cultural Resources; High Quality Education and Community Services. Paleontological Resources Paleontological resources are the remains and/or traces of prehistoric plant and animal life, exclusive of human remains. The formation of fossils typically involves the rapid burial of plant or animal remains and the formation of casts, molds, or impressions in the associated sediment (which subsequently becomes sedimentary rock). Because of this, the potential for fossil remains in a given geologic formation can be predicted based on known fossil occurrences from similar (or correlated) geologic formations in other locations. The City of Carlsbad contains several geologic formations that include a sequence of marine and non-marine sedimentary rock units that record portions of the last 140 million years of earth history. The geologic forma- tions found in the city are primarily the Lusardi Formation of the Cretaceous Age, as well as the Santiago Formation and Del Mar Formation of the Tertiary Age that overlie the Lusardi Formation. The Lusardi Formation consistently produces significant fossils and consists of sandstones and conglomerate that were deposited in a shallow sea that covered the region approximately 74 million years ago. The Santiago Formation and Del Mar Formation make up the sand- stones and siltstones of the La Jolla Group, which is approximately 45 million years old and has produced a large number of vertebrate and invertebrate fossils. The La Jolla Group has a high potential for containing significant fossils. Loma Linda terrace deposits of the Quaternary Age have the potential to contain fos- siliferous rock from Pleistocene terrace deposits of not more than two million years in age. These fossils are also potentially significant. TaBLE 7–1: CaRLSBaD NaTIONaL aND STaTE HISTORIC RESOURCES NAME/DESCRIPTION ADDRESS NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES CALIFORNIA REGISTER OF HISTORIC RESOURCES Carlsbad Santa Fe Depot 400 Carlsbad Village Dr. X Rancho de los Kiotes (Leo Carrillo Ranch Historic Park) 6200 Flying Leo Carrillo Ln. X X Frazier's Well/Alt Karlsbad 2802 Carlsbad Blvd. X Source: Dyett & Bhatia, 2010. 7-12Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 7.3 arts and Culture Carlsbad boasts a variety of arts and cultural events, institutions and programs aimed at promoting a sense of community identity and providing education and information about the city’s heritage. Events such as ArtSplash, TGIF, Jazz in the Parks, and exhibits at the William D. Cannon Art Gallery provide outlets for the arts and cultural community. These events help Carlsbad residents from all cultural backgrounds to celebrate local traditions and heritage in creative and inspiring ways by building connections between historic resources and the arts and by promoting and strengthening both. A partial list of major arts and cultural institutions, organizations, events, and programs both within Carlsbad and regionally is included in Table 7-2. TaBLE 7–2: CaRLSBaD CULTURaL INSTITUTIONS, EVENTS, aND PROGRaMS (SELECTED) NAME ADDRESS TYPE Cultural Institutions Carlsbad Cultural Arts Office 2955 Elmwood St.Municipal Carlsbad History Room 1250 Carlsbad Village Dr.Municipal Carlsbad Sculpture Garden 2955 Elmwood St.Municipal William D. Cannon Art Gallery 1775 Dove Ln.Municipal Carlsbad Historical Society 258 Beech Ave.Non-Profit New Village Arts Theatre 2787 State St.Non-Profit Museum of Making Music 5790 Armada Dr.Non-Profit Carlsbad Community Cultural Arts Center 3557 Lancer Way Non-Profit Gemological Institute of America Museum 5345 Armada Dr.Non-Profit Carlsbad Village Theatre 2822 State St.Private, For-Profit San Diego Archaeological Center Escondido Regional Save Our Heritage Organization San Diego Regional Events and Programs City of Carlsbad Art in Public Places Municipal TGIF Jazz in the Parks Municipal Holiday at the Rancho Municipal Leo Carrillo Film Festival Municipal Wild West Fest Municipal Dinner and a Movie Municipal Carlsbad Village Street Faire Non-Profit Art Splash Non-Profit Carlsbad Art in the Village Non-Profit Carlsbad Art Walk Non-Profit Art At Jazz Non-Profit Carlsbad Music Festival Non-Profit Meet the Masters Private, For-Profit Source: Dyett & Bhatia, 2010. 7-13 Draft General Plan Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 Draft General Plan 7.4 Educational Resources The Carlsbad community places a priority on supporting a high quality, com- prehensive educational system, including lifelong learning opportunities for all ages. The community hosts institutions such as Army and Navy Academy, Pacific Ridge School, and the Gemological Institute of America. Values identi- fied in the community include maintaining high standards and performance, pursuing opportunities for improvement and growth, and ensuring equal access to educational resources. Public Schools Facilities Public school systems are organized into districts that define the population area to be served. Each school district controls, among other things, construction of the public school facilities it provides, including the number, size, and location of these facilities. Carlsbad is served by four school districts: Carlsbad Unified School District (CUSD), San Marcos Unified School District, Encinitas Union Elementary School District and San Dieguito Union High School District. Although the Vista Unified School District overlaps with two small areas of Carlsbad, these areas do not contain any residential uses. The boundaries of the districts are indicated on Figure 7-1. Most of Carlsbad (about 62 percent of the residential land—4,187 of 6,797 acres) is served by CUSD, which comprises nine elementary schools that feed into three middle schools and two high schools, accommodating more than 10,000 students. One of the CUSD high schools, Sage Creek High School, recently opened for the 2013-2014 school year. Table 7-3 lists all CUSD facilities within Carlsbad and Table 7-4 lists facilities in the three other school districts that serve Carlsbad students. Current and Projected Enrollment According to Education Data Partnership, after steadily increasing for more than 15 years, enrollment in California schools is leveling off and even declining in some areas. Locally, CUSD’s elementary and middle schools have seen a slow and steady increase in enrollment over the past five years, with a new elemen- tary school and a new homeschooling program starting up to meet demand. Between 2008 and 2010, the Carlsbad High School had seen a small drop in enrollment but those numbers have begun to rebound, as seen in Table 7-5. Table Table 7-6 lists total current enrollment for all school districts serving Carlsbad. According to the Carlsbad Unified School District Facilities Master Plan and Proposition P6 Construction Program (2007), although city popula- tion and housing units are expected to grow, student yield per housing unit is declining, resulting in slower student population growth than in previous 6 For more information on Proposition P, see the Funding and Planned Improvements Section below. 7-14 City of Carlsbad Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 TaBLE 7–3: CaRLSBaD UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT FaCILITIES SUMMaRY SCHOOL ADDRESS GRADE RANGE CAMPUS ACREAGE CLASSROOMS SQUARE FOOTAGE YEAR BUILT Elementary Schools Aviara Oaks Elementary 6900 Ambrosia Ln.K–5 16 41 65,391 1990 Buena Vista Elementary 1330 Buena Vista Way K–5 9 29 47,877 1960 Calavera Hills Elementary 4100 Tamarack Ave.K–5 9 28 40,000 2002 Hope Elementary 3010 Tamarack Ave.K–5 14 38 53,446 1986 Jefferson Elementary 3743 Jefferson St.K–5 8 42 62,896 1999 Kelly Elementary 4885 Kelly Dr.K–5 8 31 45,790 1977 Magnolia Elementary 1905 Magnolia Ave.K–5 11 38 59,301 1956 Pacific Rim Elementary 1100 Camino de las Ondas K–5 10 36 50,625 1999 Poinsettia Elementary 2445 Mica Rd.K–5 10 24 49,000 2007 Middle Schools Aviara Oaks Middle 6880 Ambrosia Ln.6–8 29 33 68,054 1999 Calavera Hills Middle 4104 Tamarack Ave.6–8 28 28 54,000 2004 Valley Middle 1645 Magnolia Ave.6–8 20 48 86,925 1965 High Schools Carlsbad High 3557 Monroe St.9–12 29 131 218,460 1957 Sage Creek High 3900 Cannon Rd. 9-12 52 2013 alternative Schools Carlsbad Seaside Academy1 1640 Magnolia Ave.K–12 n/a n/a n/a n/a Carlsbad Village Academy 1640 Magnolia Ave.10–12 5 12 16,000 2002 1 Seaside Academy is a homeschooling program, so campus acreage, classrooms, square footage, and year built do not apply. Sources: Carlsbad Unified School District Facilities Master Plan and Proposition P Construction Program (2007); Dyett & Bhatia, 2010. TaBLE 7–4: OTHER SCHOOL DISTRICT FaCILITIES SERVING CaRLSBaD SCHOOL ADDRESS SCHOOL DISTRICT Elementary Schools La Costa Meadows Elementary 6889 El Fuerte St.San Marcos Unified Carrillo Elementary 2875 Poinsettia Ln.San Marcos Unified La Costa Heights Elementary 3035 Levante St.Encinitas Union Elementary El Camino Creek Elementary 7885 Paseo Aliso Encinitas Union Elementary Capri Elementary 941 Capri Rd, Encinitas Encinitas Union Elementary Mission Estancia Elementary 3330 Calle Barcelona Encinitas Union Elementary Olivenhain Pioneer Elementary 8000 Calle Acervo Encinitas Union Elementary Middle Schools San Elijo Middle 1600 Schoolhouse Way, San Marcos San Marcos Unified Oak Crest Middle 675 Balour Dr., Encinitas San Dieguito Union High Diegueno Middle 2150 Village Park Way, Encinitas San Dieguito Union High High Schools San Marcos High 1615 W San Marcos Blvd.San Marcos Unified La Costa Canyon High 1 Maverick Way San Dieguito Union High Sources: Carlsbad Unified School District Facilities Master Plan and Proposition P Construction Program (2007); Dyett & Bhatia, 2010. 7-15 OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 MELROSE DR AL GA R D RA N C H O SA NTAFERDL A C O STA AVE ELCAMINORE AL LA COSTA AVE SAN D I EGONORTHERN RRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E T TIA L NPALOMA R A I R P ORT RD C AM INO VIDA R O BLE AVIARA P KWYP O I N S E T TIA LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD FARAD A Y AVE EL CAMINO REALCANNONRDTAMARACKAVEELCAMINOREALTAMARACKAVECOL L E GEBLVDM A RRON RD C A R LSB A D V ILLAGED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78City of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Batiquit o s Lago o nMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena Vista Lagoon Calavera Lake Maerkle Reservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside ENCINITAS UNION/SAN DIEGUITO UNION SAN MARCOS UNIFIED CARLSBAD UNIFIED La Costa Canyon High Carlsbad High Valley Middle Aviara Oaks Elementary/Middle Hope Elementary CarrilloElementary Gemological Institute of America Magnolia Elementary Kelly Elementary Pacific Rim Elementary Jefferson Elementary La Costa Meadows Elementary El Camino Creek Elementary Olivenhain Pioneer Elementary Mission Estancia Elementary Calavera Hills Elementary/Middle La Costa Heights Elementary Golf Academy of America Army & Navy Academy Pacific Ridge Carlsbad Village Academy St. Patrick National University Poinsettia Elementary Vitality College of HealingArts BuenaVista Elementary BeautifulSaviour Sage CreekHigh 4 5 2 6 1 3 Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Figure 7-1 School Districts & Facilities GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Public School District Boundary Senior Center City Library Schools Elementary School Middle School High School Alternative/Continuation School Private School Post-Secondary/Specialty School # Figure 7-1: School Districts and Facilities 7-17 Draft General Plan Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 Draft General Plan TaBLE 7–5: CaRLSBaD UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT ENROLLMENT (2007-2012) ENROLLMENT SCHOOL 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010 2010-2011 2011-2012 Elementary Schools 4,929 4,993 5,152 5,211 5,156 Aviara Oaks Elementary 784 771 770 744 734 Buena Vista Elementary 282 287 255 276 286 Calavera Hills Elementary 636 636 640 610 566 Hope Elementary 452 469 502 539 592 Jefferson Elementary 619 639 693 729 707 Kelly Elementary 442 450 495 477 449 Magnolia Elementary 450 423 419 435 432 Pacific Rim Elementary 817 807 844 879 849 Poinsettia Elementary 447 511 534 522 541 Middle Schools 2,514 2,504 2,548 2,575 2,647 Aviara Oaks Middle 914 919 977 1,007 1,055 Calavera Hills Middle 547 569 594 561 564 Valley Middle 1,053 1,016 977 1,007 1,028 High Schools 3,020 2,944 2,957 3,034 3,049 Carlsbad High 3,020 2,944 2,957 3,034 3,049 alternative Schools 258 237 227 203 187 Carlsbad Seaside Academy (homeschool) 102 91 83 62 60 Carlsbad Village Academy 156 146 144 141 127 TOTaL ENROLLMENT IN CUSD 10,721 10,678 10,906 11,046 11,063 Source: DataQuest, California Department of Education, Educational Demographics Unit, 2013 (http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/sd/cb/data- quest.asp). TaBLE 7–6: SCHOOL DISTRICTS SERVING CaRLSBaD, ENROLLMENT SCHOOL DISTRICT TOTAL DISTRICT ENROLLMENT Encinitas Union Elementary 5,562 San Dieguito Union High 12,606 Carlsbad Unified 10,695 San Marcos Unified 17,852 Sources: Carlsbad Unified School District Facilities Master Plan and Proposition P Construction Program (2007); Dyett & Bhatia, 2010. 7-18 City of Carlsbad Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 Senior Center (bottom) – offers edu-cational programs to the community, including computer classes. years. Contributing factors listed in the construction program include the cost of housing in the city (less affordable to families with children), the economic recession, and a soft job market. Not listed in the construction program is the broad demographic change Carlsbad is likely to experience—toward an older population—which may also be a primary cause of changes in student yield per housing unit today and into the future. Future school enrollment is based on two principal factors—an increase in housing units, and ongoing demographic changes that impact student genera- tion rates (average number of students per household). According to SANDAG projections, due to an aging population and demographic shifts, Carlsbad’s school-age population as a percentage of the total population is likely to remain stable or decline over the planning horizon—the percentage of the population aged 5 to 9 is projected to decline by 0.2 percent and for the population aged 15 to 17 by as much as 14.5 percent. The percentage of the population aged 10 to 14 is projected to remain relatively stable, with an increase of 0.5 percent. Within the various school districts serving Carlsbad, the percentage of the population composed of the two younger age groups remains relatively stable or increases, while the percentage composed of the older age group declines significantly more. For example, in the Carlsbad Unified School District (CUSD), the per- centage of population composed of elementary-aged children is projected to decline by 2.3 percent between 2012 and 2035. For middle school aged and high school aged children, the declines are 0.2 percent and 15.7 percent, respectively. Table 7-7 projects the change in public school enrollment at buildout for the four school districts serving Carlsbad, and compares the changes in enrollment with capacity. Projections are based on existing dwelling units and anticipated new units resulting from development, combined with school district student generation rates where available, and SANDAG demographic data. Carlsbad’s student population is expected to remain relatively stable or decline in three of the four school districts serving the city. The largest increase is projected to be in the elementary school aged population in CUSD, where additional capacity in existing schools is available. For all school districts at all grade levels, capacity is expected to be sufficient for the buildout student population with no need for additional schools. Funding and Planned Improvements California school districts receive funding from various local, state and federal sources. The largest component is usually state aid, more commonly known as Proposition 98 funding. Proposition 98, passed by California voters in 1988, constitutionally guarantees a minimum level of funding for K-adult education and community colleges. K-adult education typically receives around 90 percent of total Proposition 98 funding.7 However, in addition to Proposition 7 Crouch, M. “K-12 enrollment: A slight increase is predicted for elementary, but secondary will continue to see declines”, Governmental Relations, Association of California School Administra-tors. 7-19 Draft General Plan Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 Draft General Plan TaBLE 7–7: EXISTING aND PROJECTED PUBLIC SCHOOL ENROLLMENT CHANGE IN ENROLLMENT DISTRICT ENROLLMENT FROM CARLSBAD 2012/13 FROM DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS FROM NEW UNITS AT BUILDOUT NET CHANGE EXISTING CAPACITY FOR CARLSBAD STUDENTS EXCESS CAPACITY Carlsbad Unified Elementary (K-5)5,077 -97 1,458 1,361 7,623 1,185 Middle (6-8)2,648 -6 644 638 3,430 144 High (9-12)3,156 -473 449 -24 4,950 1,818 San Marcos Unified Elementary (K-5)1,223 40 23 63 N/A1 N/A Middle (6-8)492 3 6 9 N/A N/A High (9-12)451 -78 10 -68 N/A N/A Encinitas Union Elementary (K-6)2,691 -106 30 -77 3,295 681 San Dieguito Union Middle (7-8)638 -10 31 21 2,140 1,481 High (9-12)1,520 -187 57 -130 2,717 1,327 1 SMUSD is currently (2013) in the process of determining existing capacity at individual school s system-wide; this data is not yet available. Sources: CALPADS. 2013; Carlsbad Unified School District Technology and Information Systems, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013; City of Encinitas Current Conditions Report, 2010; Encinitas Union School District Superintendent’s Office, 2013; San Dieguito Union School District Planning Services, 2013; City of Carlsbad, 2013; Carlsbad Unified School District School Facilities Needs Analysis, 2010; San Marcos Unified School District School Facilities Needs Analysis, 2013; San Marcos Unified School District Department of Facilities Planning and Development, 2013. 98 funds from the state, Carlsbad voters passed local Proposition P in 2006, a General Obligation Bond Measure for $198 million for renovations, modern- ization, and new construction for the Carlsbad Unified School District. The original anticipated state match funding of $25.2 million increased to $47 million due to additional eligibility for modernization and new construction funding. Through December 2012, the district received $18.2 million of state matched funds and the anticipated remaining $28.8 million is not expected to be received from the state until after 2014. Program spending began in 2007 and the total planned obligation through Fall 2013 is $223.5 million to finish Phase 5 at Carlsbad High School and finish construction of the new Sage Creek High School. 7-20 City of Carlsbad Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 Private Schools and Higher Education In addition to the resources provided by the public school districts, several private schools located in Carlsbad serve residents and non-residents. These are summarized in Table 7-8 and identified on Figure 7-1. The City of Carlsbad does not currently have charter schools. The City of Carlsbad has one post-secondary educational institution within the city – a campus of National University, and is home to several specialty edu- cational facilities such as Gemological Institute of America, Golf Academy of America, and Vitality College of Healing Arts. Additionally, several colleges are located in neighboring communities, including MiraCosta College, Palomar College, California State University San Marcos, and San Marcos Learning Center (University of Phoenix). In 2013, creating quality jobs in Carlsbad was identified as one of the City Council’s priority projects; and establishing an “education hub” in the city is one of the strategies identified to accomplish this. According to the report titled City Council Priority Projects July 16, 2013, when a city becomes a hub for higher education and research, high quality jobs are created. To assist the city in attracting institutions of higher learning and research organizations, the city hired a consultant to develop local and regional academic profiles, identify local industry needs and partners, and develop a recruitment strategy and imple- mentation plan. TaBLE 7–8: PRIVaTE SCHOOLS IN CaRLSBaD SCHOOL ADDRESS GRADE RANGE Army and Navy Academy 2605 Carlsbad Blvd.7-12 Carlsbad Montessori School 740 Pine Ave.Ages 5-12 Carlsbad Montessori Arts and Sciences Elementary 3016 Highland Dr.Ages 5-12 Pacific Ridge School 6269 El Fuerte St.7-12 St. Patrick Catholic School 3820 Pio Pico Dr.1–7 Beautiful Savior School 3030 Valley St.K–8 Source: Dyett & Bhatia, 2010. 7-21 Draft General Plan Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 Draft General Plan Libraries The City of Carlsbad has had a library since 1916 and today hosts three library facilities: Carlsbad City Library (also known as Dove Library), Georgina Cole Library, and Carlsbad City Library Learning Center. The locations of these libraries are indicated on Figure 7-1. In addition to its diverse collection of resource materials, the municipal library system offers services and programs for all ages. It also houses the William D. Cannon Art Gallery, the Ruby G. Schulman Auditorium, and the George and Patricia Gowland Meeting Room. Under the Growth Management Plan, the Citywide Facilities and Improve- ments Plan (1986) establishes a performance standard for library space equal to 800 square feet per 1,000 population, which must be scheduled for construc- tion within a five-year period or prior to construction of 6,250 dwelling units, beginning at the time the need is first identified. According to the FY 2012-2013 Growth Management Plan Monitoring Report, the current inventory consists of 99,745 square feet of library space, while the standard (based on the 2013 Cali- fornia Department of Finance population estimate of 108,246) requires about 86,597 square feet. Therefore, current facilities meet the city’s standard today. However, based on a projected 2035 buildout of approximately 131,152 residents, the Carlsbad library system would need a total of 104,922 square feet, or 5,177 additional square feet to remain compliant with the performance standard in the Growth Management Plan; however, this space will not be needed until the late stages of this General Plan. 7-22 City of Carlsbad Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 7.5 Goals and Policies Goals Historic Resources 7-G.1 Recognize, protect, preserve, and enhance the city’s diverse heritage. 7-G.2 Make Carlsbad’s history more visible and accessible to residents and visitors. Arts and Culture 7-G.3 Integrate the arts and art education as a vital aspect of community life, with a wide range of facilities and public programs designed to engage the city’s diverse audiences as active participants and patrons. 7-G.4 Foster an environment of active participation in and attendance at artistic and educational programs and activities by residents and visitors. 7-G.5 Enhance cultural and generational diversity and social connections through opportunities for volunteerism and civic engagement; more public gathering places, family-friendly activities; and more events that connect residents to one another and keep them active in the community. Educational and Lifelong Learning Resources 7-G.6 Promote access to lifelong learning opportunities that align with the learning needs and abilities of all community members. 7-G.7 Promote opportunities for higher learning and education, with linkages to the city’s technology base and highly skilled workforce. 7-G.8 Attract and partner with institutions of higher learning and research organizations to create high quality jobs in the city. 7-G.9 Work with school districts to ensure educational facilities with suffi- cient permanent capacity are available to meet the needs of current and future projected enrollment. Consult with the school districts on policies and projects that affect the provision of educational facili- ties and services. 7-G.10 Foster an environment in which children and youth can flourish and become contributing members of society. The foundation of this vision is a strong and active partnership among the city, school districts, libraries and all segments of the community, so that powerful learning from the earliest years is a citywide experience and responsibility. 7-23 Draft General Plan Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 Draft General Plan 7-G.11 Promote an adequate and diverse supply of childcare facilities that are affordable and accessible for families, and provide safe, educa- tional, and high-quality services for children. Policies Historic Resources 7-P.1 Prepare an updated inventory of historic resources in Carlsbad, with recommendations for specific properties and districts, if determined appropriate, to be designated in national, state, and local registries. 7-P.2 Encourage the use of regional, state and federal programs that promote cultural preservation to upgrade and redevelop properties with historic or cultural value. Consider becoming a participant in the Mills Act tax incentive program. 7-P.3 Formalize a program of historical markers/plaques at resources in state and national registers or of local importance. 7-P.4 Promote community education of historic resources, integration and celebration of such resources as part of community events: a. Enhance the community’s recognition that objects of historic importance increase both fiscal and community value. b. Promote the use of historic resources for the education, pleasure and welfare of the people of the city. Cooperate with historic societies, schools, libraries, parks and community members to stimulate public interest in historic preservation. c. Maintain historical reference materials on file at the Carlsbad City Library. 7-P.5 Encourage the rehabilitation of qualified historic structures through application of the California Historical Building Code. 7-P.6 Ensure compliance with the City of Carlsbad Cultural Resource Guidelines to avoid or substantially reduce impacts to historic struc- tures listed or eligible to be listed in the National Register of Historic Places or the California Register of Historical Resources. Archaelogical and Paleontological Resources 7-P.7 Implement the City of Carlsbad Cultural Resources Guidelines to avoid or substantially reduce impacts to archaeological and paleon- tological resources. 7-P.8 During construction of specific development projects, require monitoring of grading, ground-disturbing, and other major earth- moving activities in previously undisturbed areas or in areas with known archaeological or paleontological resources by a qualified professional, as well as a tribal monitor during activities in areas with cultural resources of interest to local Native American tribes. Both the qualified professional and tribal monitor shall observe grading, ground-disturbing, and other earth-moving activities. 7-24 City of Carlsbad Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 7-P.9 Ensure that treatment of any cultural resources discovered during site grading complies with the City of Carlsbad Cultural Resource Guidelines. Determination of the significance of the cultural resource(s) and development and implementation of any data recovery program shall be conducted in consultation with inter- ested Native American tribes. All Native American human remains and associated grave goods shall be returned to their most likely descendent and repatriated. The final disposition of artifacts not directly associated with Native American graves shall be negoti- ated during consultation with interested tribes; if the artifact is not accepted by Native American tribes, it shall be offered to an institu- tion staffed by qualified professionals, as may be determined by the City Planner. Artifacts include material recovered from all phases of work, including the initial survey, testing, indexing, data recovery, and monitoring. 7-P.10 Require consultation with the appropriate organizations and individuals (e.g., Information Centers of the California Histori- cal Resources Information Systems [CHRIS], the Native American Heritage Commission [NAHC], and Native American groups and indi- viduals) to minimize potential impacts to cultural resources that may occur as a result of a proposed project. 7-P.11 Prior to occupancy of any buildings, a cultural resource monitoring report identifying all materials recovered shall be submitted to the City Planner. Arts and Culture 7-P.12 Explore opportunities and funding strategies for developing dedicated arts-oriented gathering places and venues that ensure wide availability and accessibility to arts and arts education oppor- tunities. Where possible, provide interim spaces within other facilities for arts and arts education opportunities. 7-P.13 Explore the feasibility of a new multi-purpose venue(s) capable of hosting large indoor and outdoor performances, and the provision of small, affordable spaces for local artists to produce and display their art. 7-P.14 Allocate funding for the purchase, maintenance and conservation of public art collections and provide, when possible, for the siting, selection, installation, and maintenance of works of art within or upon public facilities and land. 7-P.15 Promote cooperative arrangements with other public or private agencies that facilitate the temporary or permanent display of works of art for display within or upon public or private facilities and land. 7-P.16 Encourage and provide funding for the development of a broad range of high quality arts and arts education programs that are accessible to all, respond appropriately to the changing demo- graphic needs of the community, and which develop the skills of participants at all levels of creative expression. 7-25 Draft General Plan Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 Draft General Plan 7-P.17 Promote active community participation in arts and arts education programming through such means as sustained and creative com- munication initiatives and volunteer opportunities. 7-P.18 Provide financial assistance through a variety of dedicated city and contributed sources to groups or individuals who provide public arts programming to residents. 7-P.19 Promote school and community cooperation in the programming of artistic and cultural events and opportunities. 7-P.20 Encourage cooperation and communication in areas of mutual benefit and corresponding programs between the city and local, regional, state, and federal government agencies. 7-P.21 Retain the Carlsbad Arts Commission as an active advisory body to the City Council on matters pertaining to cultural aspects of the city. Educational Resources 7-P.22 Support efforts by the Carlsbad Unified School District, other school districts that serve Carlsbad residents, and childcare service providers to establish, maintain, and improve educational facilities and services. 7-P.23 Coordinate with the school districts to ensure that school facili- ties have adequate capacity to accommodate projected enrollment resulting from the city’s population growth and development. 7-P.24 Continue to partner with local school districts to optimize the joint-use of school facilities for community use. 7-P.25 Facilitate student engagement and learning through expanded programs and activities. 7-P.26 Encourage a range of childcare facilities, including family day care homes, public and private centers, preschool programs, and before and after school programs. 7-P.27 Continue efforts to locate an institute of higher education or a research organization that capitalizes on the cluster of high-tech- nology and bio-technology uses, and the community’s skilled workforce. Explore tie-ins with institutions in the region such as the University of California San Diego and the dozen plus medical and technology institutes in the region. 7-26 City of Carlsbad Arts, History, Culture, and Education7 7-P.28 Ensure that Carlsbad library facilities and programs are expanded commensurate with the city’s population growth in order to maintain compliance with the Growth Management Plan. 7-P.29 Provide adequate library facilities and programs that align with residents’ lifelong learning needs and abilities, such as through facility design, services and service delivery methods, and partner- ships with educational and learning institutions. 7-P.30 Support innovations in learning methods through facilities and programs that offer opportunities for individual and collaborative learning, as well as areas for community gathering that foster the exchange of knowledge and ideas. Student art – Poinsettia Elementary School. 8-1 Draft General Plan 8 Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism Despite being a relatively young city incorporated in 1952, Carlsbad has grown into a major economic hub in north San Diego County. The city is home to internationally leading companies in biotechnology, action sports manufacturing, and information and communication technology, and is a visitor destination. The city’s economy is also very diverse, extending from manufacturing, research and development, to tourism, hospitality, and regional retail. Regional projections indicate that Carlsbad will continue to draw an increasing share of regional employment in the decades to come. 8-2 City of Carlsbad Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 8 While economic development activity occurs in the private sector, the city’s economic success is partly a result of proactive city initiatives and maintaining a balanced land use program. The Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism Element (EBDT) is designed to ensure that the city continues to maintain an environment that is conducive to business retention, expansion, attraction, and incubation, and supportive of local economic vitality and business diversity. This element is based on comprehensive analysis of opportunities and growth trends; for background analysis, please consult Envision Carlsbad Working Paper #2: The Local Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism. In addition, the Envision Carlsbad Land Use Concepts report, contains analysis of fiscal impacts of alternative land use patterns. 8-3 Draft General Plan Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 8 Draft General Plan 8.1 Introduction Background and Purpose This element outlines the city’s economic development objectives, serves to ensure that economic decision-making is integrated with other aspects of the city’s development, and provides a framework for detailed implementing actions. Topics addressed include: • Fiscal vibrancy; • Business retention, expansion, attraction and incubation; • Tourism; and • City’s role in economic development. Relationship to State Law While the inclusion of economy, business diversity, and tourism is not required in any of the seven mandated elements of a general plan, California Govern- ment Code Section 65303 indicates that a general plan may include any other elements that a community considers important to the physical development and vitality of the city. Relationship to Community Vision The EBDT Element is most closely tied to the following core value of the Carlsbad Community Vision: Core Value 4: Strengthen the city’s strong and diverse economy and its position as an employment hub in North San Diego County. Promote business diversity, increased specialty retail and dining opportunities, and Carlsbad’s tourism. Relationship to Other General Plan Elements The EBDT Element is most closely correlated to the Land Use and Community Design Element, which provides land use designations in appropriate locations and a program to accommodate projected growth. 8-4 City of Carlsbad Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 8 8.2 Historical Perspective and Fiscal Base Historical Perspective Much of Carlsbad’s economic growth can be traced back to the city’s proactive planning efforts to attract and develop Plaza Camino Real and Car Country Carlsbad in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Both have served as regional retail centers for north San Diego County. The city’s reputation as a prime resort/ hotel destination was established when plans for what is now the world famous La Costa Resort and Spa were formulated in the mid-1960s and the La Costa area annexed to the city in 1972. Carlsbad’s luxury resort/hotel reputation grew with the opening of Four Seasons Aviara (now Park Hyatt Aviara) in 1997. Carlsbad’s entry into the high-tech sector followed in the mid-1980s when devel- opment of the 500-acre Carlsbad Research Center broke ground. The center’s attractive location drew in desirable high-tech companies and fostered the city’s job, population and housing growth. Today, the Carlsbad Research Center holds more than 7.5 million square feet of office, research and light industrial space, and is home to several of the city’s top employers (e.g., Callaway, Taylor-Made, Genoptix). Biotechnology was established in Carlsbad with the opening of major life science companies like Invitrogen in 1987. During the mid-1990s, the city quickly earned widespread recognition as a major golf equipment develop- ment center. Leisure and tourism in Carlsbad was significantly bolstered in 1999 with the opening of LEGOLAND California Resort, which today attracts more than two-million visitors annually. City Fiscal Base The city draws General Fund revenues—which fund public safety, road main- tenance, park operations and other municipal functions—from a variety of sources, with tax revenues comprising 79 percent of the total. Property taxes provided 45 percent of the city’s revenues, while sales taxes provided 24 percent. A key source of revenue for the city is transient occupancy taxes (city taxes on hotel stays), which provided 10 percent of the revenues. In terms of expenditures, police, fire protection, administration, and parks and recreation are the largest categories. Charts 8-1 and 8-2 show General Fund revenues and expenditures. Carlsbad’s economy is aided by the presence of a well-educated population, and the highest incomes of any community in north San Diego County. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 31 percent of households earned more than $100,000 in 2010, and this share is expected to reach (in constant 1999 dollars) 50 percent of the households by 2040 (SANDAG, 2050 Regional Growth Forecast). 8-5 Draft General Plan Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 8 Draft General Plan CHaRt 8-1: GENERaL FUND REVENUES aND EXPENDItURES (2012) Property Taxes $ 49,583,000 45% Sales Taxes (1% Value) $27,058,000 24% Transient Occupancy Taxes $11,296,000 10% Franchise Fees $4,632,000 4% Fines and Forfeitures $1,021,000 1% Other Revenues $14,142,000 13% Busness Licenses $3,453,000 3% ExpendituresRevenues Police $28,204,000 25% Fire Protection $16,703,000 15% Administration & Overhead $17,598,000 16% Community Services $10,489,000 10% Community & Economic Development $7,712,000 7% Parks & Recreation $13,744,000 12% Public Works $16,329,000 15% Looking Ahead Based on land use development resulting from the General Plan, the city should expect continued strengthening of its fiscal position in the coming years. Pro- jections indicate: • Strong Fiscal Outlook. The value of a long-term fiscal forecast, which utilizes conservative or normalized assumptions, is to illustrate where fiscal deficiencies or imbalances might exist or be exacerbated. In general, Carlsbad is in very good financial standing compared to many California communities due to conservative fiscal policies, good land use planning and cultivation of a healthy business community. Long-range trends fore- casts for Carlsbad’s primary job clusters also point to continued growth in key industries, even amidst economic undulations, further strength- ening the long-term fiscal health of the city. • Balancing of Land Uses Results in Healthy Revenues. The General Plan provides for balanced land use development, with a similar proportion of land uses and population in the future as today. This would continue rein- forcement of the city’s strong position as an employment hub, and growth in retail and hotel uses, which provide “net revenue gains” for the city. As the city approaches buildout as outlined in its Growth Management Plan, there continues to be a balance of available land for the development of industrial and business uses to complement the remaining land that could be developed as residential. This industrially-designated land will help serve the local economy and strengthen Carlsbad’s position as a net importer of jobs. 8-6 City of Carlsbad Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 8 • Fiscal Impact Results. The General Plan provides a well-balanced build- out of Carlsbad from a fiscal standpoint. Over the next two decades, the city can expect the share of General Fund revenue from property taxes to decline from 45 percent to 37 percent. While the share of sales tax revenues would stay constant, the largest proportionate and abso- lute increase is likely to result from transient occupancy taxes, with its share jumping from 10 percent currently to 19 percent (RSG, 2013). Chart 8-2 shows projected annual net revenues for the General Plan compared to a hypothetical “no growth” scenario, demonstrating that continued development would provide fiscal benefits to the city, and is essential to maintain a positive revenue balance in the future. The fiscal forecast offers an illustrative picture of costs and revenues, provided all assumptions and existing service practices are maintained over the next 20 years; rev- enues and expenditures will be impacted by a variety of policy decisions, state mandates, and other budget adjustments made over time. CHaRt 8-2: aNNUaL NEt REVENUES (10,000) (5,000) -‐ 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034 2036 In $ Thousands Annual Net Revenues No Growth General Plan (10,000) (5,000) -‐ 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030 2032 2034 2036 In $ Thousands Annual Net Revenues No Growth General Plan Source: RSG, 2013. 8-7 Draft General Plan Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 8 Draft General Plan 8.3 Role of Business Diversity in Economic Development Carlsbad is notable for the proliferation of jobs within its local traded industry clusters—businesses within an industry cluster typically share common needs for talent, human capital, technology, and infrastructure. Most traded industry clusters are export-oriented – they create wealth by attracting customers and revenue from outside the local area and region rather than being limited to local customers. The importance of export-oriented clusters not only includes an expanded universe of potential customers but also a broader opportunity for growth and protection against local and regional economic decline when some of the population-serving industries are negatively impacted. Industry clusters also attract new start-up businesses – support services and spin-off businesses. The growth in industry clusters will typically have a large multiplier effect, increasing employment and business opportunities for all types of businesses within a given community and/or region. There are five industry clusters that have a relatively high concentration of employment within Carlsbad or offer an industry that has the opportunity for considerable growth within the next three to ten years. These key industry clusters are: 1) action sports manufacturing, 2) cleantech, 3) entertainment and hospitality, 4) information and communications technologies, and 5) life sciences. Table 8-1 indicates the number of businesses, jobs and average salaries within these industry clusters. Carlsbad’s land use policies need to flexibly adapt to changing market condi- tions and economic trends, allowing for a range of uses that support the growth of industry clusters in Carlsbad (e.g., professional office, research and develop- ment, biotechnology/biomedical, high-tech, manufacturing, and warehouse/ distribution uses). taBLE 8–1: CaRLSBaD tRaDED INDUStRY CLUStERS (2012) CARLSBAD INDUSTRY CLUSTER NO. OF BUSINESSES NO. OF JOBS ANNUAL SALARY Action Sports Manufacturing 47 2,773 $91,020 Cleantech 90 4,882 $112,672 Entertainment and Hospitality 153 11,941 $25,567 Information and Communications Technologies 254 9,203 $114,561 Life Sciences 131 7,033 $128,722 Source: EMSI Complete Employment, 2012; City of Carlsbad Business Survey Report, 2013; SAN- DAG Traded Industry Clusters in the San Diego Region, 2012. 8-8 City of Carlsbad Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 8 Action Sports Manufacturing The action sports manufacturing cluster includes businesses that design and produce golf club, surfboard, diving, and other recreational goods, as well as related apparel and accessories. This industry cluster has seen considerable growth over the last 10 years (2003-2013), but is also expected to slightly decline in employment over the next three years (2013-2016). Cleantech The cleantech industry cluster includes businesses that are engaged in renewable energy, energy efficiency, and energy storage. Carlsbad’s cleantech businesses are expected to increase employment over 10 percent by 2016 and continue to grow in importance within the local and regional economy. Entertainment and Hospitality The entertainment and hospitality industry cluster includes hotels, transporta- tion services, and restaurants, as well as entertainment attractions such as theme parks, golf courses, and country clubs. This industry cluster provides the largest number of jobs of the five key industry clusters in Carlsbad. Information and Communications Technologies (ICT) The ICT industry cluster includes communications, computer and electron- ics, and software businesses. Within this cluster, Carlsbad has a strong robotics industry, and is recognized in the region as a hub for the research and design, vendors and suppliers that serve this sub-industry. As of 2013, nearly 1,000 employees in Carlsbad are working on robotics, 3-D movie conversion, and other advanced manufacturing and design technologies. The ICT industry cluster represents a valuable employer in Carlsbad, with strong growth expecta- tions and high wages. Life Sciences The life sciences industry cluster includes biomedical and biotechnology busi- nesses. Biomedical businesses conduct research, design, and production of medical devices, and biotechnology businesses conduct research and develop- ment related to biological technologies as well as the manufacturing of medicinal and diagnostic substances (pharmaceuticals). These two industry clusters are expected to see strong employment growth through 2016. Carlsbad is well-posi- tioned to capture growth in the life sciences industry due to the existence of major biomedical and biotechnology companies in Carlsbad. Carlsbad’s proximity to universities offering advanced degrees in related bio- medical and biotechnology fields provides a highly skilled workforce, including new entrepreneurs seeking startup opportunities, including incubator space. 8-9 Draft General Plan Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 8 Draft General Plan Carlsbad has grown into a major economic hub in north San Diego County. Tourism, hospitality, regional retail, and technology, life sciences, and action sports manufacturing are some of the key economic sectors and industry clusters. 8-10 City of Carlsbad Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 8 Incubator Space In February 2013, the city leased - for $1 a year for five years - the 6,000-square- foot building at 2351 Faraday Ave. to Bio, Tech and Beyond, which manages a start-up incubator and science education center. The facility provides a community laboratory for scientists to cultivate their research ideas with the goal to spawn new products and launch new companies. The goals of the Bio, Tech, and Beyond incubator are to: 1. Create new life sciences companies and new jobs in Carlsbad; 2. Become a national leader in the citizen science movement, strengthening the city’s life sciences industry cluster; 3. Add to Carlsbad’s core technology base, resulting in new products and new patents; and 4. Serve as a base for regional science education outreach efforts. Other Industries In addition to the key industry clusters described above, financial services and retail businesses also contribute to Carlsbad’s economy. Financial Services Carlsbad (as of 2010) is home to about 690 companies providing different forms of financial services, including banking, lending and investment services. Top employers include companies such as Wells Fargo Home Mortgage Inc., Advanced Commercial Corporation, Pacific Western National Bank, and Countrywide Home Loans, Inc. Carlsbad’s employment growth and reputation as a major employment center will allow the financial services industry cluster to remain steady as other industries grow and expand, contributing to the con- tinuing demand for office space in the city. Retail The city’s retail strength is evident in its high capture of taxable sales in the sub-regional market across major retail categories. While recent developments will help the city plug retail sales leakage in home building and related goods, as of 2013 Carlsbad continues to experience lost sales in categories such as auto parts/accessories/tires, home furnishings and appliances and grocery stores. Addressing leakage in these areas will ensure the city will capture a greater share of taxable sales in the market area in the future as the region’s customer base grows. 8-11 Draft General Plan Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 8 Draft General Plan The greatest retail opportunities in the near-term involve Carlsbad’s existing regional assets, particularly Westfield Plaza Camino Real and Car Country Carlsbad. Redesign of regional-serving retail properties requires a willing- ness to take on risk and heavy reinvestment into the physical infrastructure of the properties, but the return on investment to the community would be sig- nificant. The Carlsbad community will continue to seek upscale shopping and dining experiences in walkable environments that provide community gathering spaces and opportunities for connectivity. Carlsbad Village and the Barrio present ongoing opportunities to provide residents pedestrian-oriented retail and shopping. Bressi Ranch and the upcoming La Costa Town Square development areas provide greater connectivity between retail and residential uses. As household incomes continue to increase, configuration of retail spaces should support stores in walkable centers. Examples of job and revenue generators in Carlsbad: tourist-attractors like Agua Hedionda Lagoon (top) and the Flower Fields (bottom), as well as hospitality like Grand Pacific Palisades (bottom). 8-12 City of Carlsbad Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 8 8.4 Direct Economic Impacts of tourism and Hotels Carlsbad has emerged as a major visitor destination, with beaches, lagoons, golf courses, and LEGOLAND California Resort as principal attractors. As indicated in Section 8.3, the entertainment and hospitality industry cluster provides the largest number of jobs (11,941 jobs in 2010) of the five key industry clusters in Carlsbad. More than 2,200 workers (as of 2010) are employed in the entertainment and recreation sectors, including the 1,200 employees (as of 2013) of LEGOLAND California Resort. Other major attractions include the city’s two public golf courses (The Crossings and Rancho Carlsbad) and two private golf courses (La Costa and Aviara). Three lagoons, over 40 miles of trails and almost seven miles of coastline are additional recreational assets that draw visitors to the city. As of 2013, Carlsbad offered lodging for visitors at 37 hotels in over 4,000 rooms. Carlsbad’s natural amenities provide opportunities that support future resort development trends, including an increased focus on green development and ecotourism, multi-generational resorts that cater to the interests of multiple generations of family members, and niche resorts that attract a narrow segment of enthusiasts of a particular activity, such as golf or surfing. Monitoring and adapting to shifting consumer behaviors and preferences across different demo- graphic market segments allows Carlsbad to leverage its competitive advantages (e.g., location, climate, topography) and attract a broad range of visitors seeking a broad palate of recreational opportunities. The city (as of 2012-2013) derived approximately $13.5 million from transient occupancy taxes, growing a strong 8 percent from the previous year. Addi- tionally, hotels pay property taxes and visitors spend money in restaurants and shopping, which also results in sales tax benefits to the community, as well as revenues for businesses of all sizes. While future hotel demand is challenging to forecast, there is already current activity to expand the city’s inventory of upper priced hotels and resorts. There are approximately 340 new hotel rooms approved or under construction. The General Plan provides for about 2,000 additional hotel rooms in new hotels at several locations, including the power plant site and the Ponto area. This would result in approximately 6,500 hotel rooms at buildout, enabling Carlsbad’s continued capture of future hotel demand in the local and regional markets. The number of additional hotel rooms that are ultimately built in Carlsbad will depend on future market conditions. 8-13 Draft General Plan Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 8 Draft General Plan 8.5 Economic Development and the City’s Role With vacant land increasingly in short supply, a resurgent regional and national economy, and strong long-term employment growth projections, Carlsbad must prioritize the type and the location of developments that provide the greatest economic benefit. While a significant level of economic development activity occurs in the private sector, the city can work to: ensure city policies do not impede the needs of businesses to move or expand; facilitate and act as a catalyst for development in strategic market segments; be a liaison to connect busi- nesses with resources and problem-solvers to address barriers to entry/growth/ expansion; market Carlsbad’s competitive advantages to attract new businesses to the area; and coordinate and provide for infrastructure improvements. A coordinated economic development strategy is also essential for the city to support its community development objectives – such as providing and main- taining parks, protecting open space, and maintaining high levels of municipal services. While this EBDT Element sets goals and policies for economic growth and sustainability, a separate economic development strategy tied to the city’s annual budget process is appropriate to implement the goals and policies contained in this element through an action-oriented work program with annual objectives and measurements of success. A managed program of fiscal development, strategic public improvements, and balanced land use will help maximize resultant community benefits. The EBDT Element envisions five central roles for the city: 1. Promoting development that results in fiscal benefits to the city. The relative benefit or burden a use places on the city is an important consid- eration in the allocation and prioritization of future development. For uses that provide particularly high net fiscal benefits—such as hotels— the city needs to preserve an adequate inventory of sites. This is balanced with the need to create and maintain community character and seek to achieve a jobs-housing balance. 2. Maintaining and enhancing infrastructure and the public realm. While new growth pays for public improvements generated by that growth, the city needs to continue to maintain and enhance existing infrastructure and the public realm, for example roads, bikeways, and parks and open spaces to remain an attractive location for new private investment. Since the city’s ability to pay for public works is in part determined by its fiscal health, these roles are closely intertwined. Improvements can also be targeted to facilitate or expedite certain developments, or to ensure that infrastructure capacity does not become an impediment to growth 3. Promoting Community Character through Land Use Balance. Maintaining a balanced supply of different land uses—based on 8-14 City of Carlsbad Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 8 economic and community development objectives—is critical to the city’s financial health. Land use balance is also central to business attrac- tion. Carlsbad’s quality housing stock, retail offering and community amenities provide an attractive package for businesses to locate their corporate headquarters and operations in the community. This land use balance is also necessary to ensure that existing transportation capacity can be used more effectively. 4. Attracting and Retaining Businesses. While some uses may provide immediate tangible fiscal benefits, others—such as education and those within the city’s key industry clusters—provide longer term benefits. Attraction and retention of these uses enrich the community, provide job opportunities for the city’s highly educated job force, and bolster the city’s position in a leading sector such as life sciences, information and communications technologies, and entertainment and hospitality. 5. Developing Strong Partnerships. Partnerships with local organi- zations and businesses, and neighborhing communities can help to strengthen the north county “brand”, foster public/private partnerships, promote associations with research and higher educational institutions and regional organizations in industries that will attract businesses to Carlsbad’s clusters. Examples of establishments that assist and benefit from the city’s economic strategy: commercial uses, like Norte’s Restau-rant in the Village (left), and action sports manufacturing, like SKLZ (right). 8-15 Draft General Plan Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 8 Draft General Plan 8.6 Goals and Policies Goals 8-G.1 In partnership with business and community groups, proactively engage in the city’s economic development. 8-G.2 Facilitate retention, expansion, attraction and incubation of busi- nesses that meet the city’s economic development objectives. 8-G.3 Maintain and enhance a world class climate for conducting business in Carlsbad. 8-G.4 Establish land use priorities based on economic criteria and long term community needs; reserve sites for designated uses rather than accepting any development. 8-G.5 Attract a center of higher education—a new university, branch, or a research institution—that offers synergies with the city’s increas- ingly technologically sophisticated businesses and workforce. 8-G.6 Establish a strong talent pipeline that can serve the needs of local businesses in the short and long term, as well as serve regionally important industry clusters. Policies Programs Monitor and Sustain Fiscal Health 8-P.1 Establish and maintain a consistent database of long-range economic data factors and update trend forecasts on an ongoing basis, to enable city policies and strategies to be proactive and timed to market changes. 8-P.2 Establish a user-friendly computerized central information system to be linked with development permitting and the Geographic Information System (GIS) to provide prospective businesses and developers with easy access to information, such as potential devel- opment sites and city requirements. Support Business Retention, Expansion, Attraction and Incubation Activities 8-P.3 Lead and promote business outreach and collaborative initiatives among business leaders and economic stakeholders. Such outreach and collaboration shall include partnering with local businesses and economic development and employment organizations to identify strategies for local business retention and expansion, talent attrac- tion and regional branding. 8-16 City of Carlsbad Economy, Business Diversity, and Tourism 8 8-P.4 Collaborate with property owners to develop a financing strategy and public improvement program to redevelop Westfield Plaza Camino Real and promote re-investment in Car Country Carlsbad for renewed economic success and relevance. These sites present the greatest near-term opportunities to expand upon Carlsbad’s already strong retail base. 8-P.5 Encourage increased year-round tourism through such means as working with the Carlsbad Tourism Business Improvement District to help market Carlsbad as a complete multi-day, year-round des- tination, and by working with other organizations to promote and develop Carlsbad as an ecotourism destination. 8-P.6 Collaborate with workforce development partners (academic/ research institutions) to identify joint opportunities to spur regional growth of new and emerging job clusters and promote regional entrepreneurialism, leveraging available city land where available. 8-P.7 Actively seek to locate at least one center of higher education— university or research institute—that offers synergies with the city’s strong life science industry cluster or other high-technology industries. 8-P.8 Seek public-private partnership to foster incubators, especially in locally-strong sectors such as life sciences and technology. Strategic Development of Sites 8-P.9 Continually monitor land use in the city to ensure a balanced inventory of sufficient land in strategic locations for all uses, espe- cially those uses that are critical to the city’s fiscal position. 8-P.10 As part of the Encina Power Station reuse, ensure development of a balanced cluster of visitor serving commercial uses, such as hotel and retail uses and restaurants, with flexibility to adapt to changing economic circumstances. Ensure this area has a pedestrian-oriented ambiance, is welcoming and accessible to the broader community (not just hotel guests), and provides for restaurants and open spaces that capitalize on ocean views. See policies in the Land Use and Community Design Element for more on development of this site. 8-P.11 Encourage strategic land assembly and infrastructure improvements to provide sites adequate in size and at appropriate locations to meet the needs of businesses the city wishes to attract. 8-P.12 Actively invest in infrastructure and engage with property owners, developers and business owners to encourage the revitalization of the Village and Barrio as a walkable, connected and complete neigh- borhood with high quality restaurant and retail offerings, attractive to the corporate business, residential and tourism communities. 9-1 Draft General Plan 9 Sustainability Sustainability is a core value of the Community Vision, and an intrinsic component of all elements of the Carlsbad General Plan. The very same policies that further sustainable development also enhance quality-of-life and public health; increase energy efficiency and eliminate waste; enhance biological resources; and further other initiatives central to this plan. The purpose of sustainability in Carlsbad— and its incorporation throughout the General Plan—is to take responsibility for development and projected population growth and their potential impact on the 9-2 City of Carlsbad Sustainability9 environment. By implementing sustainable design measures and policies, Carlsbad can reduce its contribution to global climate change, minimize its reliance on fossil-fuel sources, decrease consumption of natural resources, while promoting active living and access to healthy food and demonstrating its commitment and leadership on sustainability. Because policies more directly related to topics such as mobility and land use are addressed in other elements, those elements should be consulted along with the Sustainability Element for a full understanding of General Plan sustainability initiatives. This element, like others in the General Plan, is policy and action-oriented, with limited background material. A comprehensive analysis of sustainability in Carlsbad was performed in 2010 as part of the work effort leading to this General Plan, and is presented in Working Paper #1: Sustainability. 9-3 Draft General Plan Sustainability9 Draft General Plan 9.1 Introduction Background and Purpose Sustainability can be defined as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Since sustainability is an integral part of the Carlsbad General Plan, sustainability policies are included within each of the elements as appropriate. The Sustainability Element provides the overarching framework, and includes policies focused on topics central to sustainability not covered elsewhere. This element provides the overarching framework for sustainability in Carlsbad and outlines policies focused on: • Climate change and greenhouse gases (GHG) reduction; • Water conservation, recycling, and supply; • Green building; • Sustainable energy and energy security; and • Sustainable food. Relationship to State Law Sustainability is not a state-mandated general plan element. However, state law permits general plans to include any element pertinent to a city’s planning. Since sustainability is a core value of the Carlsbad Community Vision and a high priority of the community, the General Plan includes this Sustainability Element. In accordance with the Government Code, this element is consistent with and carries the same weight as the other elements. Relationship to Community Vision The Sustainability Element is most closely tied to the following objective in the Carlsbad Community Vision: Core Value 6: Sustainability. Build on the city’s sustainability initiatives to emerge as a leader in green development and sustainability. Pursue public/ private partnerships, particularly on sustainable water, energy, recycling, and foods. Relationship to Other General Plan Elements The theme of sustainability resonates throughout the General Plan, but in par- ticular in the Land Use and Community Design; Mobility; and the Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation elements. The Land Use and Community Design Element establishes sustainable development patterns that seek to decrease dependency on the automobile; this theme is furthered through the Mobility 9-4 City of Carlsbad Sustainability9 Element that includes policies to promote pedestrian and bicycle movement. The Open Space, Conservation, and Recreation Element includes policies address- ing air quality, biological resources conservation, and stormwater management and flooding, all of which are closely tied to sustainability. Relationship to Climate Action Plan Concurrently with this General Plan, the city developed a Climate Action Plan (CAP) that proactively outlines the city’s strategy for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change impacts. While the General Plan outlines broad strategies and underscores the city’s commitment to GHG reduction, the CAP includes specific GHG reduction targets and programs, correlated with the GHG analysis in the Environmental Impact Report for the General Plan. Relationship to City of Carlsbad Sustainability and Environmental Guiding Principles In 2007, the Carlsbad City Council adopted a set of sustainability and environ- mental guiding principles (Resolution No. 2007-187) in order to help guide city investments, activities, and programs. These principles were taken into account in the development of the General Plan and are reflected in the plan’s goals and policies. 9-5 Draft General Plan Sustainability9 Draft General Plan 9.2 Organizing Frameworks Sustainability Framework A cohesive framework for sustainability needs to incorporate not only environ- mental, but also social and economic considerations, as diagrammed in Table 9-1, and described as follows: • Environment. Ecological or environmental conservation—including the issue of climate change—is what many people think of first when they hear the term sustainability today. This approach to sustainability involves reducing dependence on fossil fuels, and protecting, enhancing and monitoring the health of the natural environment. • Economy. Successful conservation efforts often depend on economic motivation; communities protect a natural resource if they know that in the sustainable management of the resource lies their own economic security. Economic sustainability encompasses the ability of an organi- zation, community, or government to improve economic stability and vitality on a local, regional, and even national scale. • Social. The social element of sustainability typically refers to the distri- bution of costs and benefits across all segments of society, and speaks to the basic needs of humans for fulfillment as individuals—including safety and security as well as access to a community where people feel they belong and can participate. Economy Economic & Business Systems Environment Natural Systems Social Political & Social Systems Justice Health Eciency Distribution Resource StewardshipProduction 9-6 City of Carlsbad Sustainability9 In Carlsbad, sustainability is based on achieving a long-term balance among the environmental, economic, and social needs of the community. Sustainability as General Plan Framework Although sustainability is only one of the Carlsbad Community Vision core values, in a certain sense it underlies almost all of the core values, and provides a conceptual framework for the city’s long-range planning. For instance, one core value urges the city to “prioritize protection and enhancement of open space and the natural environment”, while another seeks to “promote active lifestyles and community health by furthering access to trails, parks, beaches, and other recreational opportunities.” These core values are environmental and social sus- tainability priorities. Another core value seeks to “increase travel options through enhanced walking, bicycling, and public transportation systems,” and to “enhance mobility through increased connectivity and transportation management.” This core value supports social sustainability by increasing access for people of all incomes and physical abilities, and it supports environmental sustainability by helping Carlsbad to reduce car trips and their associated emissions, and increase trips on foot, by bicycle, and by public transportation. Other core values support economic and social sustainability, for example by striving to “build on the city’s culture of civic engagement, volunteerism, and philanthropy” and “strengthen the city’s strong and diverse economy and its position as an employment hub in San Diego County”. Thus, sustainability can be seen as a key organizing framework, or prism through which policies in different elements of the General Plan can be viewed. As described in the General Plan Introduction, the General Plan is organized into elements structured around the core values of the Carlsbad Community Vision; and Table 1-1 shows the relationship of each General Plan element to the core values. Table 9-1 shows the relationship of each General Plan element to sustainability. TABLE 9–1: GENERAL PLAN ELEMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY RELATIONSHIP GENERAL PLAN ELEMENT Land Use and Community DesignMobilityOpen Space, Conservation and RecreationNoisePublic SafetyArts, History, Culture, and EducationEconomy, Business Diversity, and TourismSustainabilityHousing Most Closely Related to Sustainability Closely Related to Sustainability 9-7 Draft General Plan Sustainability9 Draft General Plan Sustainability as a Guiding Principle of City Operations The concept of sustainability in Carlsbad precedes the development of this General Plan, and the city has implemented several cost-effective and efficient programs to promote sustainability, including1: • Energy and Clean Air. The city has replaced some 7,000 sodium streetlights with high efficiency induction lights, and is pursuing a hydro- electric power project, solar energy for city pools, and hybrid vehicles for the city’s fleet. • Solar Power for Commercial Facilities. The city is a participant in CaliforniaFIRST, which finances energy and water improvements for commercial properties. • Clean Creeks, Lagoons and the Ocean. Carlsbad’s Storm Water Protection Program works to keep creeks, lagoons and oceans clean and free from pollutants. Storm drains are not connected to the sanitary sewer system or treatment facilities. Urban runoff and the pollutants it carries flow directly into the city’s creeks, lagoons, and the ocean. • Water Conservation. The Carlsbad Municipal Water District contin- ues to implement conservation programs that reduce water demand and lessen dependency on imported water supplies. • Water Supply and Recycling. Carlsbad’s future quality of life depends on having a reliable and affordable supply of water. Prolonged drought, envi- ronmental problems and legal restrictions on use of water from the Colorado River and the Bay-Delta in Northern California have necessitated develop- ment of new water supplies. The Carlsbad Desalination Project and the city’s recycling efforts are described in Section 9.4: Water Conservation, Recycling, and Supply. supplies. The Carlsbad Desalination Project and the city’s recy- cling efforts are described in Section 9.4: Water Conservation, Recycling, and Supply. 1 More details on these can be found at http://www.carlsbadca.gov/services/environmental/pages/ sustainable-city.aspx Natural drainage and sustainable landscaping. 9-8 City of Carlsbad Sustainability9 9.3 Climate Change and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reduction Climate change refers to any significant change in measures of climate, such as temperature, precipitation, or wind, lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). Gases that trap heat in the atmosphere are often called GHGs. The greenhouse effect traps heat in the troposphere through a threefold process as follows: short-wave radiation emitted by the sun is absorbed by the earth; the earth emits a portion of this energy in the form of long-wave radiation; and GHGs in the upper atmosphere absorb this long-wave radiation, emitting some of it into space and the rest back toward the earth. This “trapping” of the long-wave (thermal) radiation emitted back toward the earth is the underlying process of the greenhouse effect. Principal GHGs include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), ozone (O3), and water vapor (H2O). Some GHGs, such as CO2, CH4, and N2O, occur naturally and are emitted to the atmosphere through natural processes and human activities. Since different gases contribute to the greenhouse effect in different proportions, the term CO2E (carbon dioxide equivalent) provides the reference frame based on com- parison to CO2’s contribution. The greenhouse effect is a natural process that contributes to regulating the earth’s temperature. Without it, the temperature of the earth would be about 0°F (−18°C) instead of its present 57°F (14°C) and unlikely to support human life in current form. Global climate change concerns are focused on the potential effects of climate change and how communities can mitigate effects and adapt to change in the short and long term. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Contributors In 2010, the United States produced 6,822 million metric tons of CO2E (MMT CO2E) (EPA 2012). The primary GHG emitted by human activities in the United States is CO2, representing approximately 84 percent of total GHG emissions. The largest source of CO2, and of overall GHG emissions, is fossil-fuel combus- tion, which accounted for approximately 94 percent of the CO2 emissions and 78 percent of overall GHG emissions in 2010. According to the 2009 GHG inventory data compiled by the California Air Resources Board (CARB) for the 2000-2009 California Greenhouse Gas Inventory, California emitted 457 MMT CO2E of GHGs, including emissions resulting from out-of-state electrical generation (CARB 2011). The primary con- tributors to GHG emissions in California are transportation, electric power production from both in-state and out-of-state sources, industry, agriculture and forestry, and other sources, which include commercial and residential activities. 9-9 Draft General Plan Sustainability9 Draft General Plan According to the report titled Indicators of Climate Change in California (August 2013; Cal/EPA) climate change is having a significant and measurable impact on California’s environment. Climate change is occurring throughout California, from the Pacific Coast to the Central Valley to the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Impacts of a warmer climate include decreasing spring snowmelt runoff, rising sea levels along the California coast, shrinking glaciers, increasing wildfires, warming lakes and ocean waters, and the gradual migration of many plants and animals to higher elevations. City of Carlsbad GHG Emissions Table 9-2 and Chart 9-1 show GHG emissions in Carlsbad, based on a green- house gas emissions inventory initially conducted by the city in 2009 (for calendar year 2005 emissions), and updated in 2013 (for CY 2011 emissions). According to the analysis, the Carlsbad community emitted approximately 705,744 metric tons of CO2E in 2011. The transportation sector was the largest source of emissions, generating approximately 273,745 metric tons of CO2E, or 39 percent of total 2011 emissions. Transportation sector emissions are the result of diesel and gasoline combustion in vehicles traveling with trips either entirely within the boundaries of Carlsbad, or with one trip-end in the city. Electric- ity and natural gas consumption within the commercial/industrial sector, the second greatest source of 2011 emissions, generated 224,960 metric tons of CO2E, or 32 percent of the total. Similarly, electricity and natural gas use in Carlsbad’s residential sector produced 176,405 metric tons of CO2E, or 25 percent of total community emissions. The remaining 4 percent of emissions are estimated methane emissions from the solid waste, and wastewater sectors. Transportation 39% Residential 25% Solid Waste 3% Wastewater 1% Commercial/ Industrial 32% TABLE 9–2: CARLSBAD 2011 GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR (METRIC TONS CO2e) SECTOR GHG EMISSIONS (MTCO2e)% OF TOTAL Transportation 273,745 39% Commercial / Industrial 224,960 32% Residential 176,405 25% Solid Waste 24,317 3% Wastewater 6,317 1% TOTAL 705,744 CHART 9-1: CARLSBAD 2011 GHG EMISSIONS BY SECTOR 9-10 City of Carlsbad Sustainability9 GHG Reduction Regulatory Framework There are a multitude of laws and regulations pertaining to GHG reduction at the federal and state level, regulating measures from vehicle fuel efficiency to building and appliance energy efficiency. From a planning perspective, the chief statutes at the state level are: Assembly Bill (AB) 32 or the California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, which establishes state emissions limits equiv- alent to the 1990 levels, which are to be achieved by 2020; and Senate Bill (SB) 375 (2008) which addresses GHG emissions associated with the transporta- tion sector through development of regional transportation and sustainability plans. Additionally, the Governor’s Executive Order S-3-05 (EO S-3-05) estab- lishes a target to reduce GHG emissions to 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. Climate Change and Planning As previously defined, climate change refers to a change in the average global climate that may be measured by wind patterns, storms, precipitation, and tem- perature over a long period of time. The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s (U.S. EPA) indicators of climate change include GHGs; weather and climate changes; changes in ocean levels and currents; snow and ice melt and accumulation; and society and ecosystems, including changing seasons. In Cal- ifornia, some of the potential impacts of global warming may include loss in snow pack with accompanying decrease in water supply, sea level rise, more extreme heat days per year, more high ozone level days, more frequent large forest fires, and more drought years. Climate Action Planning The City of Carlsbad has taken a proactive approach to creating a sustainable and healthy quality of life in balancing social, economic, and environmen- tal needs of the community. The city’s efforts toward sustainability related to climate change and GHG reductions include efficient use of non-renewable resources through use of hybrid vehicles, energy efficient streetlights, and devel- opment of renewable energy sources (such as the hydroelectric power project at Maerkle Reservoir); development of drought resistant water supplies; reduction in the city’s waste stream; and measures to promote clean air and water. The City of Carlsbad Climate Action Plan (CAP) presents a proactive city strategy toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions and climate change impacts. Analysis conducted for the CAP shows that General Plan strategies and policies will help Carlsbad achieve its year 2020 GHG reduction targets (consistent with state target of 1990 levels by 2020). However, additional measures are needed for the city to achieve 80 percent reduction below 1990 levels consistent with (EO S-3-05); the CAP outlines strategies and programs to achieve the 2050 target. 9-11 Draft General Plan Sustainability9 Draft General Plan Climate Adaptation Planning Adaptation refers to change to minimize consequences of adversity. Three primary effects of a changing climate that are particular threats to the City of Carlsbad: drought, fire, and rising sea level. Some of the city’s current efforts to adapt to these effects of climate change include actively pursuing water desal- ination opportunities, investing in a recycled water system that provides 20 percent of the city’s water supply, requiring Class I fire-resistant roofs for new construction, enforcing a strict fire code and 60-foot setbacks on fire breaks, and restricting development within the 100-year floodplain. Efforts are also underway by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to better delineate coastal flooding threats, as part of the California Coastal Analysis and Mapping Project / Open Pacific Coast Study. The Safety Element provides details and policies to mitigate hazards, including fire, rising sea levels, and flooding. Envision Carlsbad 9-12 City of Carlsbad Sustainability9 9.4 Water Conservation, Recycling and Supply Water Conservation and Recycling Water is one of the most basic and critical resources for life. Water provides sus- tenance for humans, and plants and animals; habitats for many species; and is necessary for agriculture and many aspects of everyday living. In California, as in many other parts of the world, fresh water is becoming scarce as a growing population demands more of it, and new buildings and roads simultaneously reduce its quality (through run-off) and availability (through reduced groundwater infiltration and decreasing snow packs). Water rights and access have been a source of concern in the western United States for centuries. At the same time, the practice of importing drinking water has become less politically acceptable because of equity impacts, and energy used in transporting water—water-related energy use consumes 19 percent of Cali- fornia’s electricity, 30 percent of its natural gas, and 88 billion gallons of diesel fuel every year. This is especially true of the San Diego region, which relies on imported water transported hundreds of miles to meet 80 percent of its water needs. A sustainable water supply for Carlsbad is one that can meet the needs of the community without jeopardizing regional wildlife, habitats, agriculture, or other ecosystem functions, or the energy supply, now and in the future. A few specific sustainable water approaches of particular interest to Carlsbad are: • Water conservation. Beneficial reduction in water loss, use, or waste. A water conservation measure is an action, behavioral change, device, tech- nology, or improved design or process implemented to reduce water loss, use, or waste. • Water recycling. Reusing treated wastewater for beneficial purposes such as irrigation, industrial processes, toilet flushing, and replenishing groundwater basins (referred to as groundwater recharge). • Gray water resuse. Untreated household wastewater that comes from bathtubs, showers, bathroom washbasins, clothes washing machines, and even kitchen sinks, and which is re-used for non-potable water appli- cations such as sub-surface irrigation and toilet flushing. As such, it is another form of water recycling, but one without an intermediate treat- ment process. “ Examples of recycled water use: golf courses (top) and the Flower Fields (bottom). 9-13 Draft General Plan Sustainability9 Draft General Plan Water Supply and Diversification The Carlsbad Municipal Water District (CMWD) water service area covers approximately 85 percent of the City of Carlsbad and includes an area of about 32 square miles. Water service to the southeast corner of the city is provided by the Olivenhain Municipal Water District (OMWD). The Vallecitos Water District (VWD) provides service to the Meadowlark area along the eastern city boundary. CMWD imports water through the San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA) for its potable water needs. SDCWA gets approximately 50 percent of its water from the Colorado River, 30 percent from the State Water Project (Bay- Delta), and about 20 percent from local supplies. The imported water supply (representing 80 percent of the San Diego region’s water supply) is vulnerable to drought and water supply shortages. Therefore, SDCWA has been working with its 24 local member retail agencies to develop local supplies. Efforts to increase local supplies in Carlsbad are described below. Carlsbad Desalination Project The desalination project in Carlsbad is a 50-million gallon a day seawater desal- ination plant intended to supply the San Diego region with approximately 7 percent of its drinking water needs. The project will be the first large-scale desalination plant on the west coast and the largest of its kind in the western hemisphere. It will be located next to the Encina Power Plant at the corner of Carlsbad Boulevard and Cannon Road. The project has received final approvals from every required regulatory and permitting agency in the state, including the California Coastal Commission, State Lands Commission and Regional Water Quality Control Board. A 30-year Water Purchase Agreement is in place between SDCWA and project developers for the entire output of the plant. CMWD has an option to purchase desalinated water directly from the operator, which could comprise up to approximately 9 percent of the district’s water portfolio. Construction on the plant and pipeline is under way and the project will be delivering water by 2016. Groundwater CMWD currently does not use any local groundwater and surface water supplies, although in the past both types of water sources have been used. Prior to 1957, the Carlsbad Mutual Water Company supplied local surface water from Lake Calavera and groundwater from the San Luis Rey River Mission Ground- water Basin to the City of Carlsbad. Of the groundwater basins available to CMWD, the San Luis Rey River Mission Groundwater Basin has the most potential for a viable water resource. For CMWD’s use, the water would need to be treated by a low-pressure membrane, reverse osmosis process to achieve treated water quality. When last evaluated, this process was not cost effective. However, the CMWD is currently re-evaluat- ing groundwater extraction feasibility as technology continues to improve and imported water costs continue to increase. 9-14 City of Carlsbad Sustainability9 State, Regional, and Local Programs California Gray Water Regulations The 2007 California Plumbing Code, Chapter 16A: Nonpotable Water Reuse Systems, establishes minimum requirements for the installation of gray water systems in residential occupancies that are regulated by the California Depart- ment of Housing and Community Development. The standards provide flexibility designed to encourage the use of gray water and allow small gray water systems to be installed in homes without a construction permit, substan- tially reducing the barriers to installing small residential gray water systems in California. California Urban Water Conservation Council All three water districts that serve the City of Carlsbad—CMWD, OMWD, and VWD—are signatories to the California Urban Water Conservation Council (CUWCC) Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Con- servation in California (MOU). Those signing the MOU pledge to develop and implement 14 comprehensive conservation best management practices (BMPs). Integrated Regional Water Management The Integrated Regional Water Management (IRWM) program is a local water resources management approach aimed at securing long-term water supply reliability within California by first recognizing the inter-connectivity of water supplies and the environment, and then pursuing projects yielding multiple benefits for water supplies, water quality, and natural resources. The San Diego IRWM program is an interdisciplinary effort by water retailers, wastewa- ter agencies, stormwater and flood managers, watershed groups, the business community, Native American tribes, agriculture, and regulatory agencies to coordinate water resource management efforts and to enable the San Diego region to apply for grants tied to the Department of Water Resources IRWM program. The City of Carlsbad has participated in the organization of the program locally, and in planning, coordination, and supporting watershed activities related to the IRWM. Local Programs and Projects Recycled Water Under the recycled water retrofit project, the city installs recycled water lines to serve existing development in areas of the city where recycled water is available. On a voluntary basis, water customers may pay to upgrade their irrigation systems to use recycled water. The recycled water delivered within the CMWD service area has received an advanced level of treatment known as tertiary treatment, which creates a finished product that is safe for landscape irrigation and other non-drinking uses. However, because it is only used for non-drinking Example of water use reduction: artificial turf on athletic fields (top); example of water loss reduction: parking lot with porous paving (bottom). 9-15 Draft General Plan Sustainability9 Draft General Plan purposes, recycled water must be delivered through a pipeline system separate from the regular water system. Water Supply CMWD’s 2012 Water Supply Master Plan provides a comprehensive assessment of water system facilities and demands, and identifies required improvements to 2035. It identifies deficiencies in the system, confirms facility sizing, and recom- mends a future capital improvement program based on updated water demand projections. Carlsbad Power Plant and site of the Carlsbad Desalination Plant. 9-16 City of Carlsbad Sustainability9 9.5 Green Building Definition According to the U.S. EPA, in the United States, buildings account for 39 percent of total energy use, 12 percent of the water consumption, 68 percent of electricity consumption, and 38 percent of the CO2 emissions. Green building is a concept centered on the role of the built environment in reducing energy use during construction and operation; because of the interconnected nature of sustain- ability, green building intersects with many different sustainability issues. “The built environment has a vast impact on the natural environment, human health, and the economy. By adopting green building strategies, we can maximize both economic and environmental performance. Green construction methods can be integrated into buildings at any stage, from design and construction, to ren- ovation and deconstruction. However, the most significant benefits can be obtained if the design and construction team takes an integrated approach from the earliest stages of a building project.”2 Furthermore, green building may also target improvements in occupant health and productivity through mechanisms including higher air quality, daylight- ing, and other benefits. As the Carlsbad community expressed in the Carlsbad Community Vision, green building is a multifaceted way the city can make progress toward numerous sustainability objectives. Key Regulatory Context Building development is highly regulated in the United States, and particu- larly in California. There are environmental regulations such as the Clean Air Act and Clean Water Act that impose standards regarding how development interfaces with these environmental resources. But more specifically, there are also building codes and standards adopted locally that govern the design and construction of structures. Some of these standards are mandatory, others voluntary. A few key examples are described below, drawn from the national, state, and regional context. California Green Building Standards Code (Title 24, Part 11) In January 2010, the California Building Standards Commission adopted the first-in-the-nation mandatory Green Building Standards Code (CALGREEN). The purpose of the code is to improve public health, safety and general welfare by enhancing the design and construction of buildings in the following cat- egories: 1) planning and design, 2) energy efficiency, 3) water efficiency and conservation, 4) material conservation and resource efficiency, and 5) environ- mental air quality. 2 http://www.epa.gov/greenbuilding/pubs/whybuild.htm 9-17 Draft General Plan Sustainability9 Draft General Plan The provisions of this code apply to the planning, design, operation, con- struction, replacement, use and occupancy, location, maintenance, removal, and demolition of every new building or structure throughout California. CALGREEN requires that every new building constructed in California reduce indoor water use by 20 percent compared to existing standards (with voluntary goal standards for 30, 35 and 40 percent reductions), divert 50 percent of con- struction waste from landfills, and install low pollutant-emitting materials. Optional standards that can be adopted, at the city’s discretion, include CALGREEN Tier 1 and Tier 2 standards; these each include a series of measures that go beyond the basic CALGREEN code. CALGREEN also requires separate water meters for nonresidential buildings’ indoor and outdoor water use, with a requirement for moisture-sensing irriga- tion systems for larger landscape projects and mandatory inspections of energy systems (e.g., heat furnace, air conditioner, and mechanical equipment) for nonresidential buildings of more than 10,000 square feet to ensure that all are working at their maximum capacity and according to their design efficiencies. The California Air Resources Board estimates that the mandatory provisions will reduce GHG emissions (CO2 equivalent) by three million metric tons in 2020. The city uses the California Building Code and the new CALGREEN Code to review proposed development and renovations. LEEDTM Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is an internation- ally-recognized rating system for certifying the design, construction, and operation of high performance buildings; one of several in use across the globe, but probably the most popular in the United States. LEED building certifica- tion is available for all building types, including new construction and major renovations, core and shell, educational buildings, retail, commercial interiors, existing buildings, and homes. The LEED program is a point-based system. Building projects earn points for satisfying green building criteria within specific credit areas. Projects also may earn regional priority bonus points for implementing green building strategies that address important local environment issues. Each certifica- tion rating system is organized into five environmental categories: sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy and atmosphere, materials and resources, and indoor environmental quality. An additional category—innovation in design (or operation)— focuses on sustainable building expertise as well as design measures not covered in the other categories. 9-18 City of Carlsbad Sustainability9 Build It Green Build It Green is a membership supported non-profit organization whose mission is to promote healthy, energy and resource-efficient homes in Califor- nia. Build It Green has three strategic objectives: 1) drive policy development by partnering with government to establish credible and accessible green building policies that promote private sector innovation and provide consis- tent guidelines statewide; 2) increase supply of green homes by training building professionals on the latest best practices and connecting green product suppliers with consumers; and 3) stimulate consumer demand by increasing awareness of the benefits of green building and making “GreenPoint Rated” a trustworthy, recognized brand for green homes. Capstone Advisors Corporate Headquarters, LEED Gold Certification for Existing Buildings. Example of green design feature: parking lot designed to drain into a natural turf area that filters and treats pollut-ants with organic materials. 9-19 Draft General Plan Sustainability9 Draft General Plan 9.6 Sustainable Energy Use of fossil fuels for energy is the primary contributor to GHG emissions. The United States, with less than 5 percent of the world population, consumes about 20 percent of global energy. Among states, California is the second largest consumer of energy, second only to Texas. However, California’s per capita energy consumption is relatively low, in part due to mild weather that reduces energy demand for heating and cooling, and in part due to the government’s energy-efficiency programs and standards. Petroleum and natural gas currently supply most of the energy consumed in California. The concept of energy security is based on sensitivity to limited supplies, uneven distribution, and rising costs of fossil fuels such as petroleum. Energy insecurity is most frequently described, usually in terms of United States vulnerability to the political or social upheaval in energy-producing countries, as well as United States vulnerability to attacks on energy distribution infrastructure, accidents, and natural disasters. Increasing energy security usually means efforts to decrease demand for energy overall, decrease demand for energy that is supplied by less politically stable countries, increase the resiliency of our national infra- structure, and increase supply of more sustainable and stable energy sources. Sustainable energy sources usually include all renewable sources, such as plant matter, solar power, wind power, wave power, geothermal power, and tidal power. It usually also includes technologies that improve energy efficiency. Energy conservation refers to efforts made to reduce energy consumption in order to preserve resources for the future and reduce pollution. Energy con- servation can be achieved through increases in efficiency in conjunction with decreased energy consumption and/or reduced consumption from conven- tional energy sources. A few specific sustainable energy approaches of particular interest to Carlsbad are: renewable resources, conservation, and technological and business partnerships that would contribute to greater energy self-suffi- ciency in the region. Examples of ways to reduce the city’s energy use: solar technology (left) and energy efficient street lights (right). 9-20 City of Carlsbad Sustainability9 9.7 Sustainable Food Definition and Overview Much like green development, the concept of a sustainable food system crosses over many different sustainability issues. For example, in the United States, obesity and diet-related chronic disease rates are escalating; public health is threatened by rising antibiotic resistance; chemicals and pathogens contam- inate food, air, soil, and water; and natural resources such as fresh water and prime farmland are being depleted. These threats have human, social and economic costs that are growing, cumulative and unequally distributed. These issues all relate to the food system—what we eat and how it is produced and distributed.3 In some communities, healthy food access is a big issue, particularly where there are challenges to both physical proximity and affordability. Residents in communities with a more imbalanced food environment (where fast food res- taurants and corner stores are more convenient than grocery stores) have more health problems and higher mortality than residents of areas with a higher pro- portion of grocery stores, other factors held constant. In addition, the presence of a supermarket in a neighborhood is linked to higher fruit and vegetable con- sumption and a reduced prevalence of overweight and obese individuals. In terms of local nutrition, the San Diego countywide average percentage of children overweight for their age was only 8.8 percent in 2010, compared to a California average of 11.2 percent. In other similar indicators (e.g. adult over- weight, prevalence of breastfeeding), San Diego County generally performs better than the state overall, though local Carlsbad data are not always available. The Carlsbad Community Vision core value for sustainable food supports local agriculture, farmers’ markets, and eating locally-grown food. These objectives touch on community concerns about other issues such as environ- mental quality, local economic development, neighborhood revitalization, and community connectedness. A sustainable food system perspective is particu- larly suited to approach “food” from all these perspectives, by looking at the broader picture and targeting several areas of influence, encompassing direct food access and quality, but also touching on production (farms and gardens), procurement (markets, stores, and city policies), transport (shipping methods and fuels, packaging, and other factors), and both consumer and business decision-making. 3 American Public Health Association Policy Statement,” Toward a Healthy, Sustainable Food System”, 2007, paraphrased. Examples of Carlsbad resources that support a healthy, sustainable food system: local agricultural busi-nesses (top), and a community garden (bottom). 9-21 Draft General Plan Sustainability9 Draft General Plan Local Actions The city’s current (2013) sustainable food efforts include: • A weekly farmers’ market sponsored by the Carlsbad Village Business Association. • Operating a community garden near downtown, and developing a second one in Calavera Hills. • The Agricultural Conversion Mitigation Fee Grant Program which pro- vides funding to support local agriculture. • City leasing of underutilized city-owned land to farmers. • Municipal Code inclusion of agricultural road side-stands as an allowed use. • Proposition D (see the Land Use and Community Design Element), and various other policies and programs that support local agriculture. Example of Carlsbad resources that support a healthy, sustainable food system: Carlsbad Village Farmers’ Market. 9-22 City of Carlsbad Sustainability9 9.8 Goals and Policies Goals 9-G.1 Through implementation of the policies and programs in the General Plan, maintain a long-term balance among the three dimen- sions of sustainability—environmental, economic, and social—to ensure a vibrant, healthy, and prosperous community. 9-G.2 Undertake initiatives to enhance sustainability by reducing the community’s greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and fostering green development patterns—including buildings, sites, and landscapes. 9-G.3 Promote energy efficiency and conservation in the community. 9-G.4 Strive to reduce the city’s reliance on imported water. 9-G.5 Create a healthy, balanced, functional, and equitable food system for the entire Carlsbad community by: • Reducing barriers and increasing access to locally-grown fruits and vegetables; • Increasing communitywide knowledge of healthy food choices and behaviors. 9-G.6 Support the creation of community gardens throughout the community. Policies Climate Change and GHG For policies related to flooding and sea level rise, see Safety Element. 9-P.1 Use the Climate Action Plan as the city’s policy and action guide to reduce Carlsbad’s contribution to climate change. 9-P.2 Continue efforts to decrease use of energy and fossil fuel con- sumption in municipal operations, including transportation, waste reduction and recycling, and efficient building design and use. Water Conservation, Recycling and Supply 9-P.3 Develop and implement a water sub-metering ordinance for multi- family rental and mixed-use buildings. 9-P.4 Consider irrigation and landscape design measures for the municipal golf course (Crossings at Carlsbad) that will result in decreased water consumption. 9-P.5 Undertake measures to expand the use of recycled water for landscape irrigation and commercial and industrial process water. Encourage potential future customers identified in the latest Recycled Water Master Plan to retrofit their water systems to utilize recycled water as it becomes available and cost-effective to do so. 9-23 Draft General Plan Sustainability9 Draft General Plan 9-P.6 Promote the use of on-site gray water and rainwater collection systems through education, expedited permitting review, fee exemptions and other measures. 9-P.7 Investigate the feasibility of developing full-functioning groundwa- ter systems in the San Luis Rey River Mission Groundwater Basin and Cannon Well Field within or near Rancho Carlsbad in order to reduce the city’s reliance on imported water. Green Building 9-P.8 Promote energy conservation and retrofitting of existing buildings. Measures the city should consider for improving energy perfor- mance of existing buildings include, but are not limited to: • Developing and implementing point-of-sale residential energy and water efficiency audits or upgrade requirements and/or incentives if necessary; • Providing financial incentives and low-cost financing products and programs that encourage investment in energy efficiency and renewable energy within existing residential buildings; and • Educating residents about the availability of free home energy audit programs and encourage implementation of audit findings. 9-P.9 Adopt a construction and demolition waste recycling ordinance that requires, except in unusual circumstances, all construction, demoli- tion and renovation projects meeting a certain size or dollar value, to divert from landfills 100 percent of all Portland cement concrete and asphalt concrete and an average of at least 50 percent of all remaining non-hazardous debris from construction, demolition, and renovation projects. 9-P.10 Decrease the need for artificial cooling, heating and lighting, and promote outdoor lifestyles in Carlsbad’s sunny and moderate climate by: • Ensuring that the Zoning Ordinance provides for adequate private and common open spaces as part of multifamily developments. • Encouraging residential and office buildings to have windows that open to the outside in all habitable rooms, and maximize the use of daylight. 9-P.11 Implement the city’s Landscape Manual to mitigate urban heat island effects through minimum tree canopy coverage and maximum asphalt and paving coverage, particularly for denser areas like the Village and the Barrio, shopping centers, and industrial and other areas with expansive surface parking. Trees in parking lot can help combat urban heat island effects, help energy conservation, and enhance pedestrian comfort. 9-24 City of Carlsbad Sustainability9 Sustainable Energy 9-P.12 Continue pursuit of sustainable energy sources—such as hydro- electricity, geothermal, solar, and wind power—to meet the community’s needs. 9-P.13 Use the city’s Climate Action Plan as the platform for delineating and implementing measures to improve energy conservation, and increase renewable energy use (such as solar) in existing and new development. Sustainable Food 9-P.14 Use zoning to establish incentives for locating healthy food grocery stores in neighborhood centers, and to increase communitywide healthy food access. 9-P.15 Seek ways to partner with regional community supported agricul- ture (CSA) programs as an alternative source of fresh and healthy fruits and vegetables for Carlsbad residents, particularly those with limited mobility, limited income, or those furthest from existing grocery stores. 9-P.16 Support home gardening efforts by considering adoption of a home gardening and urban agriculture ordinance; or by otherwise ensuring that zoning does not prevent or restrict the use of resi- dential back yards as vegetable gardens; and provide residents with opportunities (e.g., online and library resources and workshops) to learn gardening basics and how to cook easy, healthy meals with fresh produce. 9-P.17 Incorporate community gardens as part of city parks and recreation planning, and work with the Carlsbad Community Gardens Col- laborative and other organizations to facilitate the development, administration and operation of additional community gardens throughout the city. 9-P.18 Develop and implement a healthy food purchasing and vending policy for city facilities and operations that commits to selecting healthy, well-balanced meals and snacks for city-sponsored activi- ties, meetings, and facilities. 10-1 HousingDraft General Plan 10 10 Housing 10-2 City of Carlsbad Housing10 10-3 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 1010.1 Introduction Purpose of the Housing Element The Housing Element of the General Plan is designed to provide the city with a coordinated and comprehensive strategy for promoting the production of safe, decent, and affordable housing within the community. A priority of both state and local governments, Government Code Section 65580 states the intent of creating housing elements: The availability of housing is of vital statewide importance, and the early attainment of decent housing and a suitable living environment for every Cali- fornian family is a priority of the highest order. Per state law, the Housing Element has two main purposes: 1. To provide an assessment of both current and future housing needs and constraints in meeting these needs; and 2. To provide a strategy that establishes housing goals, policies, and programs. This Housing Element is an eight-year plan for the 2013-2021 period (April 30, 2013 – April 29, 2021), which differs from the city’s other General Plan elements that cover a much longer period. The Housing Element serves as an integrated part of the General Plan, but is updated more frequently to ensure its relevancy and accuracy. The Housing Element identifies strategies and programs that focus on: 1. Conserving and improving existing affordable housing; 2. Maximizing housing opportunities throughout the community; 3. Assisting in the provision of affordable housing; 4. Removing governmental and other constraints to housing investment; and 5. Promoting fair and equal housing opportunities. Element Organization The Housing Element has the following major components: • An introduction to review the requirements of the Housing Element, public participation process, and data sources (Section 10.1); • A profile and analysis of the city’s demographics, housing characteristics, and existing and future housing needs (Section 10.2); • A review of resources available to facilitate and encourage the produc- tion and maintenance of housing, including land available for new 10-4 City of Carlsbad Housing10 construction, financial and administrative resources available for housing, and opportunities for energy conservation (Section 10.3); • An analysis of constraints on housing production and maintenance, including market, governmental, and environmental limitations to meeting the city’s identified needs (Section 10.4); • An evaluation of accomplishments under the 2005-2010 Housing Element (Section 10.5); and • A statement of the Housing Plan to address the city’s identified housing needs, including an assessment of past accomplishments, and a formula- tion of housing goals, policies, and programs (Section 10.6). A series of appendices provide additional documentation. Appendix A supports the assessment of the 2005-2010 Housing Element synthesized in Section 10.5. Appendix B describes the sites inventory introduced in Section 10.3. Relationship to State Law The California Legislature has identified the attainment of a decent home and suitable living environment for every resident as the state’s major housing goal. Recognizing the important role of local planning programs in pursuing this goal, the legislature has mandated that all cities and counties prepare a housing element as part of their comprehensive general plan. Government Code Section 65302(c) sets forth the specific components to be contained in a community’s housing element. Planning Period State law now requires housing elements to be updated every eight years to reflect a community’s changing housing needs, unless otherwise extended by state legislation. The previous (2005-2010) housing element cycle for the San Diego region was extended by state legislation (SB 575) to align local housing elements with regional transportation planning. Therefore, the 2005-2010 Carlsbad Housing Element covered the period spanning July 1, 2005 through April 29, 2013. This Housing Element covers the planning period of April 30, 2013 through April 29, 2021. While this Housing Element covers an eight-year planning period, Government Code Section 65588(e) requires Carlsbad to update this Housing Element after four years (April 30, 2017) and again at the end of the eight-year planning period. Changes in State Law since Previous Update In addition to the above-described provisions in SB 575, the following items represent substantive changes to state law since the city’s last Housing Element or which have been newly addressed in this 2013-2020 Housing Element. 10-5 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10SB 375 requires alignment of regional transportation planning and local land use and housing plans. This fifth housing element cycle is being conducted in conjunction with the development of the 2050 Regional Transportation Plan and its Sustainable Communities Strategy in accordance with SB 375. AB 1233 requires local governments to zone or rezone adequate sites, within the first year of the new planning period, to address any portion of the Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) for which the jurisdiction failed to identify or make available sites in the prior planning period. During the prior planning period, the city redesignated sufficient sites at appropriate densities to accom- modate all of its RHNA. Section 10.5 and Appendix A describe how the city met its obligation. AB 2511: The city shall not permit residential development at a density below the density assumed for that site in the housing element, unless: a) the city demonstrates that the remaining sites identified in the housing element can accommodate the city’s remaining RHNA, or b) the city identifies an additional site(s) that can accommodate the remaining RHNA. This provision is addressed in Sections 10.4 and 10.6 (Program 2.1). SB 812 requires that housing elements include an analysis of the special housing needs of disabled persons, including persons with developmental disabilities. This is addressed in the Special Needs Households section of Section 10.2 and in Program 3.11 of Section 10.6. Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA) A critical measure of compliance with state housing element law is the ability of a jurisdiction to accommodate its share of the region’s housing needs --the RHNA. For San Diego County, the state projected the region’s growth for an 11-year period between Jan. 1, 2010 and Dec. 31, 2020, which coordinates with the Regional Transportation Plan. Therefore, while the Housing Element is an eight-year document, the city must accommodate the full 11 year RHNA. Table 10-1 presents Carlsbad’s allocation of the region’s housing needs by income group as determined by SANDAG. TabLE 10–1: 2010-2020 RHNa INCOME GROUP CARLSBAD REGION #%#% Very Low (<50% AMI)912 18%36,450 23% Low (50-80% AMI)693 14%27,700 17% Moderate (80-120% AMI)1,062 21%30,610 19% Above Moderate (>120% AMI)2,332 47%67,220 41% TOTaL 4,999 100%161,980 100% Sources: SANDAG, RHNA PLAN : Fifth Housing Element Cycle Planning for Housing in the San Diego Region 2010 – 2020, Table 4. 10-6 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Pursuant to state law (AB 2634), the city must project the number of extremely low income housing needs, which is not a specified income group in the RHNA. This target may be based on Census income distribution or the city may assume 50 percent of the very low income units as extremely low income. Approximately 2,440 extremely low income and 3,275 very low income Carlsbad households were identified in the Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data prepared by the Census Bureau for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. These household totals equate to 43 and 57 percent, respectively, of the total extremely low and very low income households. These percentages suggest that of Carlsbad’s RHNA share of 912 very low income households, at least 389 units should be available for extremely low income and 523 units for very low income households. See Section 10.2 for a more detailed analysis. Relationship to Community Vision The Housing Element is most closely related to the following core values in the Carlsbad Community Vision: Core Value 1: Small Town Feel, Beach Community Character, and Connect- edness. Enhance Carlsbad’s defining attributes-it’s small town feel, and beach community character. Core Value 9: Neighborhood Revitalization, Community Design and Livability. Revitalize neighborhoods and enhance citywide livability. Promote a greater mix of uses citywide, more activities along the coastline, and link density to public transportation. Relationship to Other General Plan Elements To promote a uniform and compatible vision for the development of the community, California law requires the General Plan be internally consistent in its goals and policies. The Housing Element is a component of the General Plan (updated in parallel with this Housing Element); as a result, the Housing Element is consistent with the vision of the General Plan and is supported by goals and policies of the other General Plan elements. General Plan elements and policies that affect housing are summarized below: The Land Use and Community Design Element directs the location, amount, and type of residential development in the city. It presents the desirable pattern for the ultimate development of the city, and reflects the community’s evolution and changing demographics over the General Plan horizon. The element ensures the availability of sufficient residential land at appropriate densities to meet the city’s housing needs identified in this Housing Element. The Mobility Element contains policies to minimize traffic volumes and speeds in residential neighborhoods, while improving connectivity to schools, parks, 10-7 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10services, and other destinations, with an emphasis on pedestrian, bicycle and transit mobility. The Open Space, Conservation and Recreation Element establishes goals and polices to: protect sensitive resources from development impacts; maintain and improve appropriate access to open space; and ensure park and recreation opportunities are sufficient to meet the needs of future residents. The Noise and Public Safety Elements contain policies to protect residents from unacceptable noise levels and safety concerns by guiding future development away from significant noise sources and potential hazards and by enforcing mitigations when necessary. Public Participation The Housing Element was prepared as part of Envision Carlsbad, which was the city’s program to update its General Plan (including the Housing Element). The first phase of Envision Carlsbad included an extensive community partici- pation campaign that laid the foundation for the update. Approximately 8,000 community members directly participated in activities such as workshops, a community survey, and other public meetings. A product of this broad-based outreach effort was the Carlsbad Community Vision, which articulated what the community values most for Carlsbad’s future, including the following related to housing: In the future, Carlsbad will be a multi-generational community, with sup- portive services that accommodate the needs of the elderly as well as families with young children. Carlsbad will uphold universal design standards that foster accessibility, and will be a leader in innovative financing and design approaches to enhance availability of high-quality housing for all income levels. The housing supply will match the diverse population and workforce needs, essential to a sustainable economic future. As part of the stakeholder outreach specific to housing, from January through May 2009, the city conducted several small group meetings with for-profit and not-for-profit housing providers, as well as organizations working with homeless individuals and people with disabilities. The city also held a developer forum (June 2011) to understand potential constraints to the production of housing (market rate and affordable), and a housing stakeholder forum (March 2012) specifically focused on affordable and multi-family housing and the Housing Element. The city encouraged participation by representatives of organizations serving low-income and special needs groups. Following is a complete summary of the public participation activities conducted in preparation for this Housing Element update. 10-8 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Visioning Workshops Four community workshops were held in March and April 2009 on different weekday evenings and in different locations around the city. Although workshops focused on an array of issues related to the community’s aspira- tions for the future, housing was a key focus at each workshop. The events were designed to engage the attention, interest, and active involvement of a broad spectrum of Carlsbad community members, and provide opportunities for energetic group discussion of and effective input into the community’s vision of Carlsbad’s future. In all, over 265 community members attended the workshops. In regard to housing, participants at the workshops discussed the need for and the design of affordable housing so that it fits in with the context of the rest of the city. Some residents expressed desire for controlled and managed pop- ulation growth and development. Some participants did not want the city to over build while others wanted no more development at all. Some envisioned higher density development downtown, or a hierarchy of densities, while others emphasized the need for lower density development. Finally, many participants emphasized the need to promote walkability through location of activities, design of neighborhoods, and pedestrian-friendly development. Community Vision Survey In 2009, the city initiated a survey to assess residents’ perceptions regarding the quality of life in their neighborhood and the city. Surveys were mailed to every household in the city (a total of over 41,600 households) and nearly 7,200 completed responses were received—an impressive response rate of over 17 percent. Findings that contribute to understanding of housing preferences include: • Just over half of all residents (51%) believe that providing a range of housing options of different types and price levels within Carlsbad is a medium or high priority for the city. • In addition, over half of all residents (53%) believe that providing food and shelter for homeless families both in the city and the region is a medium or high priority. • Nearly two-thirds of all residents (64%) believe that developing more housing choices to give seniors additional options for living in Carlsbad as they get older is a medium or high priority for the city. Barrio Workshop On March 10, 2011, the city conducted a workshop to discuss issues specific to the Barrio community in Carlsbad. Approximately 85 community members participated in the workshop to discuss a range of topics, such as the culture 10-9 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10and historic character of the neighborhood, streetscape and connectivity improvements, and potential land use opportunities. Participants debated the merits of increasing densities and allowing more multi-family housing in the neighborhood. While some participants did not want to see increased density or multi-family development, most were either supportive or at least willing to identify preferable locations for such housing. Many supported locating new multi-family housing along the periphery of the neighborhood, while protecting the small-scale single and two-family character of the Barrio core. General Plan Developer Forum On June 8, 2011, the city hosted a forum with developers active in Carlsbad to understand development/business community issues and perspectives relating to future development in Carlsbad; discuss major land use and development opportunities; and identify key factors necessary to achieve the Carlsbad Community Vision objectives. Approximately 18 participants attended. They discussed the kind of uses and development that is appropriate in the various opportunity areas; and the financial feasibility of development at densities/ intensities for future development. Housing Element Stakeholder Workshop On March 28, 2012, the city held a workshop to invite representatives of orga- nizations that assist special needs groups and low-income residents, and who develop and manage affordable housing, including shelters, senior, and family housing. The city invited the following representatives and groups: • Farmers and landowners with active farming; • Advocates and organizations representing farmworkers, homelessness, the poor, mental and physical health, and the elderly; • Local developers of market rate housing (those based or active in Carlsbad); • Affordable housing developers; and • Representatives from government agencies (e.g. military, SANDAG, adja- cent jurisdictions, school districts, infrastructure providers) Eleven participants ultimately took part in the workshop providing their feedback on future housing needs and constraints to housing production. Key issues and ideas that emerged from the workshop and which the Housing Element will address were as follows: • Current market and development trends favor multi-family residential rentals • Affordable housing should be transit accessible so that residents can access jobs and services 10-10 City of Carlsbad Housing10 • Potential development barriers include lack of available land and high cost of land (especially for infill development). Still, Carlsbad was praised for having a clearly laid-out development review process • Participants suggested allowing more flexibility in zoning, such as allow- ing parking unbundling and reductions in parking requirements in appropriate locations • Participants recommended that for homeless families, there needs to be a focus on more permanent solutions, such as affordable rental housing, rather than shelters General Plan Land Use Plan Alternatives and Preferred Plan Development Following visioning workshops and the survey described above, a range of meetings with decision-makers, the Envision Carlsbad Citizens Committee (EC3), and the community at-large helped to debate and shape the land use plan and location of appropriate housing sites for the Housing Element. • On May 11, 2011 and Aug. 10, 2011, the EC3 helped to brainstorm and then refine various land use concepts for where housing should be located along with commercial developments and other uses. • In parallel, on July 13, 2011 and Aug. 17, 2011, the Planning Commission held its own set of meetings to consider land use and housing options. These meetings included time for public comment. • Two community workshops were subsequently held on Jan. 31, 2012 and Feb. 2, 2012, and an online survey was administered during a two-month period to educate community members on plan options and seek their feedback about the appropriateness of housing sites and densities, in an effort to select a preferred alternative. • Based on feedback from these meetings and the online survey about alternative choices, a preferred alternative emerged which was further discussed and endorsed during EC3 meetings on March 28, 2012 and April 17, 2012. This “Preferred Plan” was discussed and refined by the Planning Commission over a series of four meetings (May 2, 2012, May 16, 2012, June 20, 2012, and July 18, 2012) and ultimately recommended to the City Council. • The City Council endorsed and provided further direction on this Preferred Plan during their Sept. 11, 2012 meeting, setting the stage for preparation of the General Plan and establishing the Housing Element’s sites inventory described herein. 10-11 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Decision-Maker Housing Element Workshops/Hearings On March 20, 2012, the City Council conducted a workshop on housing issues. At this workshop, the council received an issue paper on emerging land use and demographic trends affecting housing in Carlsbad, housing element law and the RHNA, and recent legislative changes and case law regarding affordable housing. The City Council discussed the local policy implications of these issues in the context of the updates to the General Plan and this Housing Element. On September 19, 2013, the Housing Commission conducted a public hearing on draft Housing Element and recommended approval of the plan to the Planning Commission and City Council. 10-12 City of Carlsbad Housing10 10.2 Housing Needs assessment The City of Carlsbad is committed to the goal of providing adequate housing for its present and future residents. To implement this goal, the city must target its limited resources toward those households with the greatest need. This chapter discusses the characteristics of the city’s present and future population in order to better define the nature and extent of housing needs in Carlsbad. Population Characteristics Population Growth Since its incorporation in 1952, Carlsbad has grown steadily and substantially over the decades from a population of 9,253 in 1960 to 105,328 in 2010. The number of Carlsbad residents is expected to reach approximately 117,700 in 2020 (Table 10-2), an increase of 12 percent over the 2010 population. Between 2000 and 2010, Carlsbad’s proportional change in population was over three times that for the region as a whole. San Marcos is the only neighboring jurisdiction to have a greater proportional increase than Carlsbad during this period. According to SANDAG, Carlsbad’s projected growth in population from 2010 to 2020 will be modest, similar to neighboring jurisdictions and the region as a whole. TabLE 10–2: POPULaTION GROWTH POPULATION PERCENT CHANGE JURISDICTION 2000 2010 2020 (PROJECTED)2000-2010 2010-2020 (PROJECTED) Carlsbad 78,247 105,328 117,700 35%12% Encinitas 58,014 59,518 68,600 3%15% Escondido 133,559 143,911 154,300 8%7% Oceanside 161,029 167,086 195,500 4%17% Poway 48,044 47,811 54,100 0%13% San Marcos 54,977 83,781 90,800 52%8% Vista 89,857 93,834 100,000 4%7% Unincorporated County 442,919 486,604 545,300 10%12% REGION TOTaL 2,813,833 3,095,313 3,535,000 10%14% Sources: U.S. Census, 2000 and 2010; and SANDAG Regional Growth Forecast (projections). 10-13 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Age Trends Housing needs are determined in part by the age of residents; each age group often has a distinct lifestyle, family characteristics, and income level, resulting in different housing needs. A significant presence of children under 18 years of age can be an indicator of the need for larger housing units since this charac- teristic is often tied to families and larger households. The presence of a large number of seniors may indicate a need for smaller homes that are more afford- able and require less maintenance to allow residents to age in place. As summarized in Table 10-3, the median age for Carlsbad residents was 40.4 in 2010—one of the highest of northern San Diego County cities and nearly six years higher than the median age for county residents as a whole. In 2010, Carlsbad residents under 18 years of age represented 24 percent of the city’s population, while seniors (over 65) represented 14 percent—similar to the city’s percent share in 2000. Reflective of the city’s relatively high median age, the proportion of residents aged 45 to 64 increased between 2000 and 2010, while the proportion of residents 25 to 44 years of age declined (Chart 10-1). This latter group tends to consist of young families with children. TabLE 10–3: aGE CHaRaCTERISTICS aND PERCENT SHaRE OF TOTaL POPULaTION UNDER 18 YEARS OVER 65 YEARS MEDIAN AGE 20102000201020002010 JURISDICTION #%#%#%#% Carlsbad 18,240 23%25,384 24%10,980 14%14,798 14%40.4 Encinitas 13,401 23%12,261 21%6,055 10%7,643 13%41.5 Escondido 39,667 30%39,719 28%14,720 11%15,084 11%32.5 Oceanside 44,444 28%39,766 24%21,859 14%21,501 13%35.2 Poway 14,750 31%11,953 25%4,138 9%5,900 12%41.3 San Marcos 15,998 29%23,291 28%6,525 12%8,527 10%32.9 Vista 26,688 30%25,054 27%9,006 10%8,673 9%31.1 San Diego Co.723,155 26%724,303 23%313,750 11%351,425 11%34.6 Sources: U.S. Census, 2000 and 2010. 10-14 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Race and Ethnicity Carlsbad did not experience substantial race/ethnicity changes between 2000 and 2010. In 2010, 75 percent of Carlsbad residents were White, 13 percent Hispanic/Latino, and 7 percent Asian. Black/African American and other races/ethnicities comprised just 1 and 3 percent of the population, respectively (Table 10-4). CHaRT 10-1: aGE DISTRIbUTION 2000-2010 TabLE 10–4: RaCE/ETHNICITY 2000 aND 2010 2000 2010 RACE/ETHNICITY #%#% White 63,013 81%78,879 75% Hispanic/Latino 9,170 12%13,988 13% Asian/Pacific Islander 3,403 4%7,518 7% Black/African American 691 <1%1,232 1% Other 1,769 2%3,440 3% Total percentage may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Sources: U.S. Census, 2000 and 2010. 10-15 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Employment Characteristics Employment has an important impact on housing needs. Incomes associated with different jobs and the number of workers in a household determines the type and size of housing a household can afford. In some cases, the types of the jobs themselves can affect housing needs and demand (such as in communi- ties with military installations, college campuses, and large amounts of seasonal agriculture). Employment growth typically leads to strong housing demand, while the reverse is true when employment contracts. Occupation and Wage Scale As of 2010, the two largest occupational categories for city residents were Mana- gerial/Professional and Sales/Office occupations (Table 10-5). These categories accounted for more than 79 percent of occupations held by Carlsbad residents and approximately 66 percent of jobs held countywide by all San Diego County employed residents. Management occupations are the highest paid occupations in the San Diego region, while food preparation, service-related, and cleanup and maintenance are the lowest paid (Table 10-6). The high proportion of Managerial/Profes- sional occupations accounts for Carlsbad’s relatively high median household income. TabLE 10–5: EMPLOYMENT PROFILE FOR CaRLSbaD EMPLOYED RESIDENTS CARLSBAD SAN DIEGO COUNTY OCCUPATIONS OF EMPLOYED RESIDENTS #%#% Managerial/Professional 24,884 52%535,856 40% Sales/Office 12,895 27%344,204 26% Service 5,697 12%248,772 18% Production/Transportation/Material Moving 2,219 5%108,154 8% Construction/Extraction/Maintenance 2,409 5%111,091 8% Total1 48,104 100%1,348,077 100% 1 Civilian population 16 years and over. Total percentage may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Source: American Community Survey 2006-2010 Five-Year Estimates. 10-16 City of Carlsbad Housing10 TabLE 10–6: aVERaGE aNNUaL SaLaRY bY OCCUPaTION OCCUPATIONS AVERAGE SALARY Management $113,870 Legal $107,196 Healthcare Practitioners and Technical $86,425 Architecture and Engineering $81,433 Computer and Mathematical $79,899 Life, Physical and Social Science $72,840 Business and Financial Operations $70,103 Education, Training and Library $60,482 Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports and Media $55,851 Construction and Extraction $50,274 Community and Social Service $48,969 MEDIaN1 $48,448 Protective Service $47,927 Installation, Maintenance and Repair $45,364 Sales $37,650 Office and Administrative Support $36,264 Production $33,600 Transportation and Material Moving $31,976 Healthcare Support $30,481 Farming, Fishing and Forestry $27,777 Building Grounds Cleanup and Maintenance $26,359 Personal Care and Service $26,030 Food Preparation and Serving Related $22,211 1 Median of salaries reported by EDD. Sources: State Employment Development Department (EDD), 2010. Employment Trends SANDAG has projected that Carlsbad’s employment base will grow by over 8,300 jobs between 2008 and 2020. Table 10-7 provides SANDAG’s employment projections for Carlsbad and the San Diego region (county-level). These data show that Carlsbad’s share of regional employment growth would be 5 percent; in 2008, Carlsbad had an estimated 62,000 jobs, or over 4 percent of the county total. TabLE 10–7: EMPLOYMENT PROJECTIONS CHANGE (2008-2020) JURISDICTION 2008 2020 #% San Diego Region 1,411,800 1,515,300 103,500 7% City of Carlsbad 62,000 70,300 8,300 13% Source: SANDAG 2050 Regional Growth Forecast. 10-17 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Household Characteristics and Special Needs Groups Household Type The U.S. Census defines a household as all persons who occupy a housing unit, which may include single persons living alone, families related through marriage or blood, and unrelated individuals living together. Information on household characteristics is important to understanding the growth and changing needs of a community. A family-oriented community may need large housing units, while a community with many single or elderly households may need smaller units with fewer bedrooms. As shown in Table 10-8, roughly 29 percent of the city’s households in 2010 were married families without children, 25 percent were married families with children, 13 percent were other families, and 32 percent were non-family house- holds. Among the non-family households, almost half were single-households and almost one-third were elderly living alone. In fact, senior households saw the highest growth rate among households: growing by 46 percent between 2000 and 2010. The city had a relatively low average household size of 2.53 in 2010, increased slightly from 2.46 in 2000. Countywide, the average household size was slightly larger, at 2.75 in 2010. TabLE 10–8: HOUSEHOLD CHaRaCTERISTICS 2000 2010 % CHANGE (2000-2010)HOUSEHOLD TYPE #%#% Households 31,410 100%41,345 100%32% Family Households 21,067 67%27,968 68%33% Married With Children 7,596 24%10,538 25%39% Married No Children 9,374 30%12,119 29%29% Other Families 4,097 13%5,311 13%30% Non-Family Households 10,343 33%13,377 32%29% Singles 5,134 16%6,090 15%19% Singles 65+2,596 8%3,800 9%46% Other 2,613 8%3,487 8%33% aVERaGE HOUSEHOLD SIZE 2.46 2.53 3% Sources: U.S. Census, 2000 and 2010. 10-18 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Household Income Income is the most important factor affecting housing opportunities, deter- mining the ability of households to balance housing costs with other basic necessities. The 2006-2010 American Community Survey (ACS) Five-Year Estimates reported that the median household income in Carlsbad was $84,728. Compared to neighboring jurisdictions, this median income was lower than that for Solana Beach, Encinitas and Poway and higher than that for Oceanside, San Marcos, Vista, and San Diego County as a whole (Chart 10-2). For purposes of the Housing Element and other state housing programs, the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) has established five income categories based on Area Median Income (AMI) of a Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). The AMI, which is different than the estimated median household incomes shown in Chart 10-2, is applicable to all jurisdictions in San Diego County and changes with the cost of living. The AMI for San Diego County is $75,900 (2012), and the five income categories based on the AMI are: • Extremely Low Income (0-30 percent AMI) • Very Low Income (31-50 percent AMI) • Low Income (51-80 percent AMI) • Moderate Income (81-120 percent AMI) • Above Moderate Income (>120% percent AMI) CHaRT 10-2: MEDIaN HOUSEHOLD INCOME 2006-2010 Source: ACS 2006-2010 Five-Year Estimates. 10-19 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10According to the Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data prepared by the Census Bureau for the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), in 2008, 6 percent of Carlsbad households earned extremely low incomes, 8 percent of households earned very low incomes, and 13 percent earned low incomes (Table 10-9). Lower income households were fairly evenly split between owner- and renter-households, with slightly more renters. However, the majority of above moderate income households were owner-households. The Housing Element must project housing needs for extremely low income households as a portion of the very low income household RHNA target. For Carlsbad, approximately 2,440 (43 percent) extremely low income households and 3,275 (57 percent) very low income households were identified in the CHAS. This suggests that of Carlsbad’s RHNA share of 912 very low income households, at least 389 units (43 percent) should be available for extremely low income and up to 523 units (57 percent) for very low income households. Source: Compre- hensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS), HUD, January 2008. Special Needs Households Certain groups have greater difficulty finding decent, affordable housing due to special circumstances. Special circumstances may be related to one’s income, family characteristics, and disability status among others. In Carlsbad, persons and families with special needs include seniors, persons with disabilities, large households, single-parent families, homeless, farmworkers, students, and military personnel. Table 10-10 summarizes the presence of special needs groups in the city and the following discussion summarizes their housing needs. Senior Households Senior households have special housing needs due to three concerns – income, health care costs, and disabilities. According to the Census and the CHAS study, 14,798 seniors (aged 65 and up) resided in the city in 2010 and 5,270 households were headed by seniors. Among the senior-headed households, 87 percent were owners and 13 percent were renters. The 2006-2010 ACS reported that seniors 65 TabLE 10–9: HOUSEHOLDS bY TENURE aND HOUSEHOLD TYPE 2008 OWNER RENTER TOTAL % OF TOTAL Extremely Low Income 955 1,485 2,440 6% Very Low Income 1,375 1,900 3,275 8% Low Income 2,785 2,125 4,910 13% Moderate Income 1,585 1,580 3,165 8% Above Moderate Income 19,520 5,340 24,860 64% TOTaL 26,220 12,430 38,650 100% Sources: Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS), HUD, January 2008. 10-20 City of Carlsbad Housing10 and over earned a median income of $53,525 (nearly two-thirds of the citywide median income). In addition, approximately 20 percent of the senior popula- tion also experiences one or more disabilities, which affects housing needs and potential costs. Carlsbad is a popular retirement community, which includes facilities that provide assisted living, nursing and special care, and general services to seniors. As of November 2012, Carlsbad had 2,251 beds within 30 licensed senior residen- tial care facilities, according to the California Department of Social Services, Community Care Licensing Division. Almost 95 percent of these beds were provided in 11 complexes having more than six beds, including three continuing care retirement communities (CCRC). The largest of these communities is La Costa Glen (1,328 beds), which opened in 2003 and completed construction of its final phase in 2008. ActivCare at Bressi Ranch, an 80-bed facility specializing in Alzheimer’s and dementia care, opened in late 2011. A planned fourth CCRC – Dos Colinas – was approved by the City Council in January 2012. When constructed, Dos Colinas will provide living and support services to more than 300 seniors. In 1999, the city purchased Tyler Court, a 75-unit apartment complex that provides affordable housing for very low and extremely low-income seniors. In 2011, the city provided funding for the Tavarua Senior Apartments, a 50-unit project that provides housing to low and very low-income seniors. Construction was completed in spring 2013. Persons with Disabilities Disabled persons have special housing needs because of their often fixed and limited income, lack of accessible and affordable housing, and the medical costs associated with their disabilities. The Census defines a “disability” as “a long- lasting physical, mental, or emotional condition. This condition can make it TabLE 10–10: SPECIaL NEEDS GROUPS IN CaRLSbaD SPECIAL NEEDS GROUPS NUMBER % OF TOTAL POPULATION Seniors 14,798 14% Disabled Persons 6,507 6% Large Households 2,375 6% Single Parent Households 5,311 13% Homeless Persons 110 <1% Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing and Hunting and Mining Workers1 236 <1% Students2 6,536 25% Military1 1,146 2% 1 Percent of employed workforce 16 years and older in 2010 2 Percent of population three years and older enrolled in college or graduate school from 2006-2010. Sources: U.S. Census, 2010; Regional Task Force on the Homeless, 2012; 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-year Estimates. 10-21 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10difficult for a person to do activities such as walking, climbing stairs, dressing, bathing, learning, or remembering. This condition can also impede a person from being able to go outside the home alone or to work at a job or business.” According to the 2008-2010 ACS, 6,507 persons with one or more disabil- ity resided in Carlsbad in 2010, representing more than 6 percent of the city’s residents over five years of age. Of the population with disabilities, 2,873 (44%) were seniors. Individuals with cognitive, ambulatory, or independent living dif- ficulties represented the most common disabilities, as reported in Table 10-11. For those of working age, disabilities can also restrict the type of work performed and income earned. In fact, according to the 2008-2010 ACS, 55 percent of indi- viduals over 16 with a reported disability were not in the labor force; 37 percent were employed; and 8 percent were unemployed (i.e., looking for work). Persons with Developmental Disabilities Chapter 507, Statutes of 2010 (SB 812) amended state housing element law to require the analysis of the disabled to include an evaluation of the special housing needs of persons with developmental disabilities. A developmental dis- ability is defined as a disability that originates before an individual becomes 18 years old, continues, or can be expected to continue, indefinitely, and con- stitutes a substantial disability. This definition includes mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, and autism. The California Department of Developmental Services contracts with nonprofit regional centers to provide or coordinate services and support for individu- als with developmental disabilities. In the San Diego region, the San Diego Regional Center provides a variety of services to persons with developmental disabilities and advocates for opportunities to maximize potential and to expe- rience full inclusion in all areas of community life. As of October 2012, the San Diego Regional Center served approximately 18,400 clients with developmental disabilities who live in San Diego. This includes TabLE 10–11: INDIVIDUaLS WITH DISabILITIES IN CaRLSbaD YOUTH (AGE 5 - 17) ADULTS (AGE 18 - 64) SENIORS (AGE 65+) TOTAL Individuals Reporting One or More Disabilities 269 3,365 2,873 6,507 With hearing difficulty 142 620 1,404 2,166 With vision difficulty 52 402 609 1,063 With cognitive difficulty 144 1,390 943 2,477 With ambulatory difficulty 142 1,220 1,512 2,874 With self-care difficulty 142 573 473 1,188 With independent living difficulty N/A 1,286 1,388 2,674 Columns do not sum to total individuals row because individuals may report more than one disability. Sources: ACS, 2008-2010. 10-22 City of Carlsbad Housing10 147 clients who live in Carlsbad; just over half of these individuals are children under the age of 18 who live with their parents. The remaining 69 clients are adults over the age of 18; just over half (55 percent) of these individuals live with their parents, while 24 live in their own apartments with “come-in support” and assistance and seven live in licensed group homes. Additional persons with developmental disabilities may reside in Carlsbad, but are not seeking assis- tance from the San Diego Regional Center. While some developmentally disabled individuals can live and work indepen- dently within a conventional housing environment, more severely disabled individuals will require a group living environment with supervision. In general, the San Diego Regional Center (and its clients) prefer to house persons with developmental disabilities with family members. When that is not feasible, come-in support and licensed group apartments housing four to six persons (with individual bedrooms, but shared bathrooms and kitchen facilities) are preferred. This type of housing may be designed to look like a big house and is compatible with and appropriate for existing residential neighborhoods with good access to transit and services. In 2008, the city provided Community Development Block Grant funds to TERI, Inc. for property acquisition for a residential care home for developmen- tally disabled adults. TERI operates two such homes in Carlsbad. Incorporating ‘barrier-free’ design in all new multifamily housing (as required by California and Federal Fair Housing laws) is especially important to provide the widest range of choices for disabled residents. In 2011, the city adopted a reasonable accommodation ordinance to provide flexibility in development standards for housing for persons with disabilities. The most severely affected individuals may require an institutional environ- ment where medical attention and physical therapy are provided. Because developmental disabilities exist before adulthood, the first issue in supportive housing for the developmentally disabled is the transition from the person’s living situation as a child to an appropriate level of independence as an adult. Large Households Large households are defined as households with five or more persons in the unit. Lower income large households are a special needs group because of their need for larger units, which are often in limited supply and therefore command higher rents. In order to save for the necessities of food, clothing, and medical care, it is common for lower income large households to reside in smaller units, frequently resulting in overcrowding. According to the 2006-2008 CHAS, 620 households were considered large households with lower income levels. This represents less than 2 percent of the city’s total households—a small, but important special needs group to assist. Of these large households, 23 percent were owners and 77 percent were renters. 10-23 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10According to the 2006-2010 ACS, the city’s housing stock included 25,549 units with three or more bedrooms. Among these large units, 21,750 were owner- occupied and 3,799 were renter-occupied, suggesting that rental units may be competitive to attain. Single-Parent Households Carlsbad was home to 3,207 single-parent households with children under age 18 in 2010. Of these, 2,335 (73 percent) were female-headed families with children. Single-parent households, in particular female-headed families, often require special assistance such as accessible day care, health care, and other supportive services because they often have lower incomes. In fact, according to the 2010 ACS Five-Year Estimates, 24 percent of all single-parent female-headed house- holds with children lived in poverty during the previous year. This suggests a need for affordable units with adequate bedroom counts and potentially some on-site or nearby day care and other services. Homeless HUD defines a person as homeless if he/she is not imprisoned and: 1. Lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence; 2. The primary nighttime residence is a publicly or privately operated shelter designed for temporary living arrangements; 3. The primary residence is an institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals that should otherwise be institutionalized; or 4. The primary residence is a public or private place not designed for or ordinar- ily used as a regular sleeping accommodation. Assessing a region’s homeless population is difficult because of the transient nature of the population. San Diego County’s leading authority on the region’s homeless population is the Regional Task Force on the Homeless (RTFH). Based on information provided by individual jurisdictions, the majority of the region’s homeless is concentrated in the urban areas, but a sizeable number of homeless persons make their temporary residence in rural areas (Table 10-). Rural homeless tend to be individuals and migrant farmworkers/day laborers. The RTFH estimated 110 homeless persons in Carlsbad in 2012, including 62 unsheltered individuals (56 percent). In the North San Diego County area, the majority of homeless persons con- gregate in the cities of Oceanside, Vista, and Escondido. This is reflected in the number of shelters and service agencies in those communities (Table 10-13). In addition, several transitional housing facilities and service agencies are located in Carlsbad. With La Posada de Guadalupe anticipated to provide between 100 and 120 beds by the middle of 2013, the unsheltered need should be sufficiently accommodated in the city. 10-24 City of Carlsbad Housing10 TabLE 10–12: HOMELESS POPULaTION bY JURISDICTION 2012 SHELTERED UNSHELTERED EMERGENCY SHELTERS TRANSITIONAL HOUSING SAFE HAVENS TOTAL % UNSHELTERED Carlsbad 62 48 0 0 110 56% Encinitas 89 33 0 13 135 66% Escondido 127 78 10 215 430 30% Oceanside 219 72 0 195 486 45% San Diego City 3,623 653 42 2,061 6,379 57% San Marcos 37 0 0 0 37 100% Solana Beach 15 0 0 0 15 100% Vista 88 61 0 334 483 18% San Diego County Unincorporated 181 0 0 0 181 100% Sources: San Diego Regional Task Force on the Homeless, We All Count Point-In-Time Count, 2012. TabLE 10–13: HOMELESS SHELTERS aND SERVICES, NORTH SaN DIEGO COUNTY NAME AGENCY TARGET POPULATION SPECIAL NEEDS LOCATION # BEDS1 Emergency Shelters House of Martha and Mary Brother Benno’s Foundation Women, women with children Homeless Oceanside 6 Libre!Community Resource Center Women, women with children Domestic violence Encinitas 11 Women’s Resource Center Women’s Resource Center Women, women with children Domestic violence Oceanside 26 Transitional Shelters Brother Benno’s Recovery Brother Benno’s Foundation Adult men Homeless Oceanside n.a. House of Dorothy Brother Benno’s Foundation Women Substance abuse Oceanside 6 Casa Raphael Alpha Project for the Homeless Adult men Homeless Vista n.a. Centro Community Housing of N.C. Families Homeless Vista n.a. Family Recovery Center E.Y.E.Women with children Substance abuse Oceanside 90 House of James and John Brother Benno’s Foundation Adult men Homeless Oceanside n.a. Solutions Intake and Access Center North County Solutions for Change Family homeless Homeless Vista 322 La Posada de Guadalupe Catholic Charities Adult men Homeless Carlsbad 50/1203 10-25 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10TabLE 10–13: HOMELESS SHELTERS aND SERVICES, NORTH SaN DIEGO COUNTY NAME AGENCY TARGET POPULATION SPECIAL NEEDS LOCATION # BEDS1 Oz North Coast Y.M.C.A.Homeless youth Homeless Oceanside n.a. Transition House Women’s Resource Center Families Homeless Oceanside 17 Transitional House Program Community Resource Center Families Homeless Encinitas 12 Day Shelters Brother Benno’s Center Brother Benno’s Foundation General Homeless Oceanside -- N.C. Regional Recovery Center M.I.T.E.General SMI and substance abuse Oceanside -- N.C. Safe Havens Project Episcopal Comm. Services Adults SMI and substance abuse Oceanside -- Options – Day Treatment E.Y.E.Families Substance abuse Oceanside -- Social Services Case Management Agency North Coastal Service Center General Homeless Oceanside -- Infoline United Way General Homeless North County -- Lifeline Lifeline Community Services General Homeless Vista -- Oceanside Family Services Salvation Army General Homeless Oceanside -- Social Services Community Resources Center General Homeless Carlsbad/ Encinitas -- TOTaL bEDS 300-320 n.a. = Not Available 1 Based upon the number of shelter beds available each night. 2 This facility is operated as part of North County Solutions for Change (NCSFC) 1000-day Solutions University program. Families entering the program are transitioned to campus-style apartment housing (32 units) for up to 500 days, where services, counseling and training are provid- ing. Once families successfully complete this portion of the program, they become eligible to move to off-campus affordable housing during the second half of the program. Currently, NCSFC owns and manages approximately 40 units throughout North County, and has recently acquired another 48 units to expand their program. 3 In 2011, Catholic Charities received funding and permission from the city to rebuild and expand the existing facility to provide up to 120 beds for farmworkers and general homeless men. Construction is underway and is expected to be completed by July 2013. Sources: San Diego Regional Task Force on the Homeless, 2004; and city of Carlsbad, 2004. 10-26 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Farmworkers Analysis conducted in 2008 during the Envision Carlsbad process identified 935 acres of agricultural land in Carlsbad (including active or fallow). According to California Regional Economies Employment data for 2010, 9,629 persons were employed in agriculture (including forestry, fishing, and hunting) in San Diego County, earning average annual wages of $28,799, substantially lower than the median income of the county ($75,900) (this data compares individual income versus household income and does not necessarily constitute the agricultural worker’s entire income). According to the Census, only 236 persons who lived in Carlsbad were employed in the farming, forestry, and fishing occupations in 2010. However, the Census likely underestimated the true number of farmworkers in Carlsbad due to the seasonal nature of the employment, the use of migrant laborers, and the signifi- cant level of under-reporting among undocumented persons. In 2010, 89 of the city’s homeless persons were farmworkers or day laborers, further underscoring the needs of this group of residents/workers. In 2008, the City Council approved $2 million in funding to rebuild and expand the city’s existing homeless/farmworker shelter, La Posada de Guadalupe. Reconstruction of the shelter is now underway. When completed in July 2013, the expansion will provide 50 to 72 beds specifically for farmworkers in addition to the 50 beds the shelter now provides for other homeless persons (which may include farmworkers). More information about this project and the funding may be found in Section 10.3.2, Financial Resources. Students Typically, students have low incomes and therefore can be impacted by a lack of affordable housing, which can often lead to overcrowding within this special needs group. Carlsbad is located in proximity to California State University at San Marcos, Mira Costa Community College, and Palomar Community College. In addition, the University of California at San Diego is located approx- imately 20 miles to the south, and the private University of San Diego, as well as the region’s largest university, San Diego State University, are located within a 30-minute drive from Carlsbad. In 2010, approximately 24 percent of Carlsbad residents were enrolled in a college or graduate school. Military The U.S. Marine Corps Camp Pendleton is located within five miles north of Carlsbad, adjacent to the city of Oceanside. As a result, there is demand for housing for military personnel within Carlsbad. This demand has two com- ponents: active military personnel seeking housing near the base, and retired military remaining near the base after serving. Most enlisted military individu- als earn incomes at the lower range of the military pay scale and need affordable housing options. As of July 2010 Camp Pendleton had approximately 7,300 10-27 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10housing units on base. However, the waiting list for on-base housing can take up to 18 months, depending on rank, the number of bedrooms requested and various other factors. In 2010, the Census reported that 1,146 active duty military personnel lived in Carlsbad. Although proximity to the base makes Carlsbad a desirable place to reside for all military ranks, high housing costs may explain the relatively low number of military personnel residing in the city. Housing Characteristics Housing Type According to SANDAG and the Census, Carlsbad had 44,422 housing units as of 2010. Among these units, as indicated in Chart 10-3, two-thirds (67 percent) were single-family, including 52 percent consisting of single-family detached units and 15 percent single-family attached units; multi-family dwelling units comprised 30 percent of the city’s housing stock in 2010 and the remaining 3 percent were mobile homes. Between 2000 and 2010, the housing stock in Carlsbad increased 31 percent. Much of that increase was due to the significant increase in multi-family units. Since 2000, the proportion of single-family dwelling units (detached and attached) and mobile homes in the city decreased but the proportion of multi- family units increased (Table 10-14), suggesting a trend toward more compact development and opportunities for more affordable housing. CHaRT 10-3: HOUSING TYPES 2010 TabLE 10–14: HOUSING UNIT TYPE 2000 aND 2010 2000 2010 HOUSING UNIT TYPE #%#% Single Family Detached 17,824 53%22,847 52% Single Family Attached 5,728 17%6,765 15% Multifamily 8,937 26%13,511 30% Mobile Homes/Other 1,309 4%1,299 3% TOTaL 33,798 100%44,422 100% Sources: SANDAG, U.S. Census, 2000 and 2010. Source: SANDAG, 2010. 10-28 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Housing Tenure From 2000 to 2010, the tenure distribution (owner versus renter) in Carlsbad shifted slightly toward renters, while owner-occupied units still represent the majority. Rental units are a good option for lower income households in the short-term since they do not necessitate large down payments (though they may require security deposits). By definition, a household is an occupied housing unit. According to the 2000 Census, among the occupied housing units in Carlsbad, 67 percent were owner-occupied and 33 percent were renter-occupied. In 2010, the proportion of renter-households increased to 35 percent, while the propor- tion of homeowners decreased to 65 percent, which was higher than the average homeownership rate of San Diego County in 2010, where only 54 percent of the households were owner-occupied. Housing Vacancy A vacancy rate is often a good indicator of how effectively for-sale and rental units are meeting the current demand for housing in a community. Vacancy rates of 5 to 6 percent for rental housing and 1.5 to 2 percent for ownership housing are generally considered a balance between the demand and supply for housing. A higher vacancy rate may indicate an excess supply of units and therefore price depreciation, while a low vacancy rate may indicate a shortage of units and resulting escalation of housing prices. While the overall vacancy rates in the city were 7.4 percent in 2010, the true vacancy rates were substantially lower (Table 10-15). Due to its desirable location and the various amenities offered in the city, a portion of the housing stock in the city has always been used as second and vacation homes. These units were not available for sale or for rent. Of those units available, the for-sale vacancy rate was 0.8 percent in 2010, and rental vacancy rate was 1.6 percent. These low vacancy rates suggest that the for-sale and rental markets are competitive and that sale prices and market-rate rents may increase. TabLE 10–15: HOUSING VaCaNCY 2010 TYPE #% For Rent 712 1.6% For Sale 372 0.8% Seasonal/Recreational Use 1,758 3.9% Other Vacant1 486 1.1% OVERaLL VaCaNCY 3,328 7.4% 1 Includes units that are rented or sold, but not occupied (i.e., abandoned or otherwise vacant) Sources: ACS 2006-2010 and U.S. Census, 2010. 10-29 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Housing Age and Condition Housing age and condition affect the quality of life in Carlsbad. Like any other tangible asset, housing is subject to gradual deterioration over time. If not properly and regularly maintained, housing can deteriorate and discourage reinvestment, thereby depressing neighboring property values, and eventually affecting the quality of life in a neighborhood. Carlsbad’s housing stock is much newer on average compared to San Diego County’s housing stock (Chart 10-4), suggesting households may need to spend less on repairs and upgrades. Although the city incorporated more than 50 years ago, the majority of the housing in Carlsbad is fairly new, with a relatively small portion of the housing stock over 30 years old (approximately 35 percent). The majority (65 percent) of the city’s housing stock was constructed after 1980, including 21 percent that was constructed after 2000. Most homes require greater maintenance as they approach 30 years of age. Common repairs needed include a new roof, wall plaster, and stucco. Using the 30-year measure, as many as 15,000 housing units could be in need of repair or rehabilitation if they have not been well maintained. Housing units aged more than 30 years are primarily concentrated in Carlsbad’s Village area. Homes older than 50 years require more substantial repairs, such as new siding, or plumbing, in order to maintain the quality of the structure. Approximately 2,000 units are older than 50 years. The Census Bureau also provides estimates of substandard housing conditions. While this is not a severe problem in Carlsbad, in 2010, this included 13 units with incomplete plumbing and 41 units without a complete kitchen. According to the city’s Building Department, an estimated 10 housing units in the city are in dilapidated conditions and in need of replacement. Sources: U.S. Census, 2000; and ACS 2006-2010. CHaRT 10-4: YEaR STRUCTURE bUILT 2010 10-30 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Housing Costs and Affordability If housing costs are relatively high in comparison to household income, there will be a correspondingly higher prevalence of housing cost burden (overpay- ment) and overcrowding. This section summarizes the cost and affordability of the housing stock to Carlsbad residents. Homeownership Market Like most communities across the state and country, housing prices increased in the early 2000s in Carlsbad and then decreased in recent years with the housing market and economic downturn. From 2001 through Aug. 30, 2010, average home sales prices in Carlsbad increased overall by 42 percent (Chart 10-5). Average sales prices peaked in 2006 at $776,710 before returning to 2003/2004 average sales prices by 2010. The downward trend in home prices continued between 2010 and 2011, not only for Carlsbad, but other North County cities as well (Table 10-16). Median home prices in Carlsbad declined 5 percent between 2010 and 2011. Solana Beach expe- rienced the largest year over year decline in value. CHaRT 10-5: aVERaGE HOME SaLES PRICES IN CaRLSbaD 1 2010 data is based on residential sales as of Aug. 30, 2010. 2 Residential sales include single family home and condominium sales. Source: First American CoreLogic Metroscan Database. 10-31 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10 Rental Market Internet resources were consulted to understand the rental housing market in Carlsbad (Table 10-17). Websites were searched in July 2012 and rental price information was collected for 10 apartment complexes within the city. Rents for studio apartments ranged from $1,030 to $1,999 per month, while one-bedroom units rented for $1,030 to $3,075. Larger units were slightly more expensive; two-bedroom units were offered at rents ranging from $1,030 to $3,600, while three-bedroom units ranged from $1,700 to $2,940 per month. It should be noted that these rental rates were derived from units in large apartment complexes that are often managed by management companies. As such, these units generally command higher rents than units in older and smaller complexes. Housing Affordability by Household Income Housing affordability can be inferred by comparing the cost of renting or owning a home in the city with the maximum affordable housing costs for households at different income levels. Taken together, this information can generally show who can afford what size and type of housing and indicate the type of households most likely to experience overcrowding and overpayment. TabLE 10–16: MEDIaN HOME PRICES 2010-2011 2010 2011 % CHANGE 2010-2011 Carlsbad $580,000 $552,500 -5% Encinitas $630,000 $606,500 -4% Escondido $288,000 $275,000 -5% Oceanside $297,000 $283,000 -5% Poway $451,250 $427,000 -5% San Marcos $347,000 $342,500 -1% Solana Beach $1,050,000 $831,000 -21% Vista $295,000 $280,000 -5% SaN DIEGO COUNTY $331,500 $320,000 -3% Source: Data Quick, 2011. TabLE 10–17: aPaRTMENT RENTaL RaTES JULY 2012 APARTMENT TYPE RENTAL PRICE RANGE Studio $1,030-1,999 1-bedroom $1,030-3,075 2-bedroom $1,030-3,600 3-bedroom $1,210-2,940 Sources: Apartments.com, Realtor.com, and rentnet.com, July 2012. 10-32 City of Carlsbad Housing10 HUD conducts annual household income surveys nationwide to determine a household’s eligibility for federal housing assistance. Based on this survey, HCD developed income limits that can be used to determine the maximum price that could be affordable to households in the upper range of their respective income category. Households in the lower end of each category can afford less by com- parison than those at the upper end. The maximum affordable home and rental prices for residents of San Diego County are shown in Table 10-18. The market-affordability of the city’s housing stock for each income group is discussed below. Extremely Low Income Households Extremely low income households are classified as those earning 30 percent or less of the AMI. This group usually includes seniors, homeless, persons with disabilities, farmworkers, and those in the workforce making minimum wages. Based on the rental data presented in Table 10-17 and maximum afford- able rental payment in Table 10-18, extremely low income households of all sizes would be unlikely to secure adequately sized and affordable rental or ownership market-rate housing in Carlsbad. Very Low Income Households Very low income households are classified as those earning between 31 and 50 percent of the AMI. Based on the rental data presented in Table 10-17 and maximum affordable rental payment in Table 10-18, very low income house- holds of all sizes would be unlikely to secure adequately sized and affordable rental market rate housing in Carlsbad. Similarly, real estate data also indicated that very low income households in Carlsbad could not afford the price of any adequately sized market-rate home in the city. Low Income Households Low income households earn 51 to 80 percent of the AMI. Based on the sales data provided by DataQuick, low income households would have a similar problem as very low income households in purchasing adequately sized and affordable housing, either single-family homes or condominiums. Low income households have a better chance of securing rental market rate housing in Carlsbad than very low income households. However, only the low end of the advertised rental rate ranges for three-bedroom apartments would be affordable for low income households, indicating that securing adequately sized and affordable market-rate rental housing may be very difficult for larger low income households in Carlsbad. 10-33 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10TabLE 10–18: aFFORDabLE HOUSING COSTS 2012 AFFORDABLE PAYMENT HOUSING COSTS MAXIMUM AFFORDABLE PRICE INCOME GROUP AND HOUSEHOLD SIZE MAXIMUM ANNUAL INCOME AFFORDABLE PAYMENT UTILITIES TAXES AND INSURANCE SALE RENT Extremely Low One-Person $16,900 $423 $50 $100 $63,450 $373 Two-Person $19,300 $483 $75 $125 $65,750 $408 Four-Person $21,700 $543 $100 $150 $68,100 $443 Five-Person $24,100 $603 $100 $150 $82,050 $503 Very Low One-Person $28,150 $704 $50 $125 $123,100 $654 Two-Person $32,150 $804 $100 $150 $128,900 $704 Four-Person $36,150 $904 $150 $175 $134,750 $754 Five-Person $40,150 $1,004 $150 $175 $158,000 $854 Low One-Person $45,000 $1,125 $75 $175 $203,700 $1,050 Two-Person $51,400 $1,285 $125 $200 $223,500 $1,160 Four-Person $57,850 $1,446 $200 $225 $237,800 $1,246 Five-Person $64,250 $1,606 $200 $225 $275,050 $1,406 Moderate One-Person $63,800 $1,595 $100 $225 $295,700 $1,495 Two-Person $72,900 $1,823 $175 $275 $319,550 $1,648 Four-Person $82,000 $2,050 $250 $325 $343,450 $1,800 Five-Person $91,100 $2,278 $250 $325 $396,400 $2,028 1 2012 Area Median Income (AMI) = $75,900 2 Utility costs for renters assumed at $50-$250 per month 3 Monthly affordable rent based on payments of no more than 30% of household income 4 Property taxes and insurance based on averages for the region 5 Calculation of affordable home sales prices based on a down payment of 20%, annual interest rate of 5%, 30-year mortgage, and monthly pay- ment of 30% gross household income Sources: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, FY 2012. 10-34 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Moderate Income Households Moderate income households are classified as those earning between 81 and 120 percent of the AMI. Based on income-affordability, moderate income house- holds could afford low and mid-range market-rate rental units in the city, except for some larger three-bedroom units. In addition, some smaller market- rate condominiums are within the affordable price range of moderate income households. DataQuick reports sales prices for condominium resales averaging $358,000 August 2012—substantially lower than the resales of single-family homes which averaged $631,000 that month. Overcrowding Overcrowding is typically defined as more than one person per room. Severe overcrowding occurs when there are more than 1.5 persons per room. Over- crowding can result when there are not enough adequately sized units within a community, or when high housing costs relative to income force too many individuals to share a housing unit than it can adequately accommodate. Over- crowding also tends to accelerate deterioration of housing and overextend the capacity of infrastructure and facilities designed for the neighborhood. In 2008, fewer than 2 percent of Carlsbad households lived in overcrowded or severely overcrowded conditions (Table 10-19). Overcrowding dispropor- tionately affected renters (3.9 percent of renters versus 0.4 percent of owners), indicating overcrowding may be the result of an inadequate supply of larger- sized and affordable rental units. While 64 percent of occupied housing units in the city had more than three bedrooms (the minimum size considered large enough to avoid most overcrowding issues among large households), only a small portion of these units (15 percent or nearly 3,800 units) were renter-occupied. TabLE 10–19: OVERCROWDING CONDITIONS 2008 TYPE OWNER-OCCUPIED RENTER-OCCUPIED TOTAL Total Occupied Units 26,220 12,430 38,650 Overcrowded Units (> 1 person/room)100 200 300 % Overcrowded <1%1.6%<1% Severely Overcrowded Units (>1.5 persons/room) 15 285 300 % Severely Overcrowded <1%2.3%<1% Sources: Apartments.com, Realtor.com, and rentnet.com, July 2012. 10-35 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Overpayment A household is considered to be overpaying for housing (or cost burdened) if it spends more than 30 percent of its gross income on housing. Severe housing cost burden occurs when a household pays more than 50 percent of its income on housing. The prevalence of overpayment varies significantly by income, tenure, household type, and household size. According to the 2008 CHAS, 8,210 households were overpaying for housing (Table 10-20). Extremely low-income households were more likely to have a cost burden of more than 50 percent; compared to other income levels, this suggests that they are not finding affordable housing options and that they have less income available for other needs. TabLE 10–20: HOUSING aSSISTaNCE NEEDS OF LOWER INCOME HOUSEHOLDS HOUSEHOLD BY TYPE, INCOME AND HOUSING PROBLEM RENTERS OWNERS TOTAL Extremely Low Income (0-30% AMI)1,245 885 2,130 % with cost burden 30-49%17%5%12% % with cost burden > 50%83%95%88% Very Low Income (31-50% AMI)1,740 935 2,675 % with cost burden 30-49%42%24%36% % with cost burden > 50%58%76%64% Low Income (51-80% AMI) 1,690 1,715 3,405 % with cost burden 30-49%81%25%53% % with cost burden > 50%19%75%47% Total Lower Income Households 4,675 3,535 8,210 % with cost burden 30-49%49%20%37% % with cost burden > 50%51%80%63% Sources: HUD Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS), January 2008. 10-36 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Inventory of affordable Housing and at-Risk Status Developing new affordable housing has become increasingly costly, due to the escalating land values, labor and construction costs, as well as market pressure. Therefore, an important strategy for the City of Carlsbad is to ensure the long-term affordability of existing affordable housing. This section assesses the potential conversion of publicly assisted, affordable rental housing into market- rate housing between 2013 and 2020. Projects can be “at-risk” of conversion due to expiration of affordability restrictions or termination of subsidies. Inventory of Affordable Housing Through December 31, 2010, Carlsbad had 21 multi-family projects that offer a total of 1,939 units affordable to lower income households via various federal, state, or local programs. The city’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance is responsi- ble for producing 1,646 of Carlsbad’s affordable housing units in 16 developments as shown in Table 10-21. In addition, the city-owned Tyler Court offers 75 affordable units to extremely low and very low income seniors; two other affordable housing developments have been constructed through other funding mechanisms, including tax- exempt bonds. At-Risk Status The city’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance requires that all inclusionary units maintain their affordability for a period of 55 years. Since the units were all con- structed after 1990, these units are not considered to be “at risk” of converting to market-rate housing. The Tyler Court senior apartment complex is owned by the city and if sold, would be required to maintain affordability restrictions for 55 years. The only project within the City that may be considered as at risk is Santa Fe Ranch, which is subject to tax exempt bonds and when those bonds are repaid 64 units may convert to market rate. In 1985, the City Council issued Multifamily Housing Revenue Bonds to provide construction financing for the 320-unit Santa Fe Ranch Apartments. The incentive to the City to participate in this project was the restriction of 64 units to rents affordable to lower income households (80 percent of County area median income or below). In May of 1993, the City Council agreed to assist with the refinancing of the out- standing bonds for the subject project and allow the owner to take advantage of lower interest rates. At that time, the City issued its Variable Rate Demand Multifamily Housing Revenue Refunding Bonds, which currently have an out- standing principal balance of $15.9 million. The affordability restrictions on the 12 one-bedroom and 52 two-bedroom units remain in place as long as the bonds are outstanding. Once the bonds are paid in full, the regulatory agreement with the City expires and the property owner may increase the rents. 10-37 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10TabLE 10–21: INVENTORY OF aSSISTED RENTaL HOUSING PROJECT NAME QUADRANT ASSISTED UNITS RESTRICTING PROGRAM EARLIEST DATE OF CONVERSION # UNITS Archstone Pacific View 5162 Whitman Way Northwest 111 Inclusionary Housing Year 2058 0 Bluwater Apartments 6797 Embarcadero Lane Northeast 12 Inclusionary Housing Year 2064 0 Cassia Heights 2029 Cassia Way Southeast 56 Regulatory Agreement Year 2060 0 Glen Ridge 3555 Glen Avenue Northeast 78 Inclusionary Housing Year 2062 0 Hunter’s Pointe 7270 Calle Plata Southeast 168 Inclusionary Housing Year 2061 0 Laurel Tree 1307 Laurel Tree Lane Southwest 138 Inclusionary Housing Year 2055 0 La Costa Condominiums (Under Construction) Southwest 9 Inclusionary Housing Year 2066 0 La Paloma 1953 Dove Lane Southeast 180 Inclusionary Housing Year 2060 0 Marbella 2504 Marron Road Northeast 29 Inclusionary Housing Year 2061 0 Mariposa/Calavera Hills 4651 Red Bluff Place Northeast 106 Inclusionary Housing Year 2059 0 Pacific View/Kelly Ranch 5162 Whitman Way Northwest 111 Inclusionary Housing Year 2059 0 Poinsettia Station 6811 Embarcadero Lane Southwest 92 Inclusionary Housing Year 2055 0 Rancho Carrillo 6053 Paseo Acompo Southeast 116 Inclusionary Housing Year 2055 0 Santa Fe Ranch 3402 Calle Odessa Southeast 64 Tax Exempt Bonds When bonds are repaid 64 Sunny Creek 5420 Sunny Creek Road Northeast 50 Inclusionary Housing Year 2057 0 Tavarua Senior Apt. 3658 Harding Street Northwest 50 Regulatory Agreement Year 2067 0 The Traditions 1901 Cassia Way Southwest 24 Inclusionary Housing Year 2060 0 Tyler Court 3363 Tyler Street Northwest 75 City Owned If sold, city would require 55- year restriction on all units 0 Villa Loma 6421 Tobria Terrace Southwest 344 Inclusionary Housing Year 2051 0 Vista Las Flores 6408 Halyard Place Southwest 28 Inclusionary Housing Year 2056 0 TOTaL 1,841 64 Units restricted through the city’s Inclusionary Housing program require 55-year rent restrictions. Sources: HUD Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS), January 2008. 10-38 City of Carlsbad Housing10 While these units are not in any immediate risk of conversion, the owner may choose to pay off bonds at any time subject to provisions in bond documents. The city has no knowledge of owner interest in doing so, and considers prepay- ment to be unlikely since market rate values are not significantly higher than the current affordability level. However, as described in Section 10.6 (Program 1.5), the city will continue to monitor the status of the Santa Fe Ranch Apartments to ensure continued affordability. Preservation Preserving the affordability of existing housing is a primary goal of the City of Carlsbad. One option to preserve the affordability of the at-risk units is to provide an incentive package to the owners to maintain the units as afford- able housing. Incentives could include writing down the interest rate on the remaining loan balance, and/or a lump sum payment. Another option would be for the city to provide a rent subsidy. The subsidy amount would equal the difference between market rent and affordable rent. As shown in Table 10-22 above, annual subsidies of about $85,300 would be required to bridge the “affordability gap” of the at-risk units at Santa Fe Ranch. Replacement One option for replacing the 64 units at Santa Fe Ranch would be to purchase similar units in Carlsbad and maintain them as long term affordable housing. Using rule-of-thumb assumptions, the market value of the at-risk units is estimated at $10.6 million, as shown in Table 10-23 below. Construction of Replacement Units Another replacement option would be to construct new units. The cost of devel- oping new housing depends on a variety of factors such as density, size of units, location and related land costs, and type of construction. Assuming an average development cost of $230,000 per unit for multi-family rental housing, replace- ment of the 64 at-risk units would require approximately $14.7 million. This cost estimate includes land, construction, permits, on- and off-site improvements, and other costs. TabLE 10–22: RENT SUbSIDY aNaLYSIS SANTA FE RANCH APARTMENTS UNIT MIX MARKET RENT1 AFFORDABLE RENT2 REQUIRED SUBSIDY One-bedroom 12 $1,159 $1,156 $36 Two-bedroom 52 $1,520 $1,384 $7,072 Total Monthly Required Subsidy $7,108 Total Annual Required Subsidy $85,296 1 Market rent based on City of Carlsbad 2012 Fair Market Rent Payment Standards 2 Monthly maximum rents as of Sept. 2013 (80% AMI). Source: City of Carlsbad, Housing and Neighborhood Services 10-39 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10 Cost Comparisons The above analysis attempts to estimate the cost of preserving the at-risk units under various options. In general, providing additional incentives/subsidies to extend the affordability covenant would require the least funding over the long run, whereas the construction of new units would be the most costly option. Over the short term, providing rent subsidies would be least costly but this option does not guarantee the long-term affordability of the units. Resources for Preservation Preservation of at-risk housing requires not only financial resources but also administrative capacity of nonprofit organizations. These resources are discussed in Sections 10.3.2 and 10.3.3 of this Housing Element. TabLE 10–23: MaRKET VaLUE OF aT-RISK HOUSING UNITS SANTA FE RANCH APARTMENTS REQUIRED SUBSIDY One-bedroom 12 Two-bedroom 52 Total Units 64 Annual Operating Costs $273,000 Gross Annual Income $1,179,360 Net Annual Income $847,392 Market Value $10,592,400 Market value for the project is estimated with the following assumptions: Average unit size: One-bedroom = 650 square feet; Two-bedroom = 900 square feet Average market rent (at $1.80/square foot): One-bedroom unit = $1,170; Two-bedroom = $1,620 Vacancy rate: 5% Annual operating expenses: $5.0/square foot Net annual income: gross annual income less annual operating costs less vacancy allowance Market value: net annual income times multiplication factor (12.5 for a building in good/excellent condition) 10-40 City of Carlsbad Housing10 10.3 Resources available This section summarizes land, financial, administrative, and energy conser- vation resources available for development, rehabilitation, and preservation of housing in Carlsbad. The analysis includes: an evaluation of the adequacy of the city’s land inventory to accommodate the city’s share of regional housing needs for the 2013-2020 planning period; a review of financial resources to support housing activities; a discussion of the administrative resources available to assist in implementing the housing programs contained in this Housing Element; and a description of the requirements and resources Carlsbad has to encourage energy efficient and healthy households. Residential Development Potential State law requires local jurisdictions to plan their residential land and standards to ensure adequate housing is available to meet the expected popu- lation growth in the region. Specifically, a jurisdiction must demonstrate in the Housing Element that its residential land inventory is adequate to accommo- date its Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA). This section assesses the adequacy of Carlsbad’s vacant and underutilized land inventory in meeting future housing needs. Future Housing Needs The State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) projected a need for 161,980 new housing units in the San Diego region for an 11-year period between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2020. The San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) is responsible for allocating this housing need to the 19 jurisdictions within the county. In this capacity, SANDAG developed a RHNA that determines each jurisdiction’s “fair share” of the region’s projected housing need through 2020, based on factors such as recent growth trends, income distribution, and capacity for future growth. The City of Carlsbad’s share of the RHNA is 4,999 units, which is about 3 percent of the overall regional housing need. The city must demonstrate availability of residential sites at appropriate densities and development standards to accom- modate these units according to the following income distribution: • Very Low Income:1 912 units (18 percent) • Low Income: 693 units (14 percent) • Moderate Income: 1,062 units (21 percent) • Above Moderate Income: 2,332 units (47 percent) 1 According to 2008 CHAS data, 43 percent of the City’s very low income households fall within the extremely low income category (also see Table 10-9). Therefore the City’s RHNA of 912 very low income units may be split into 389 extremely low and 523 very low income units. 10-41 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Progress toward Meeting the RHNA While the Housing Element is an eight-year plan (2013-2021), the RHNA is based on HCD’s 11-year housing need planning period (2010-2020). Therefore, housing units constructed, under construction, or entitled since January 1, 2010 can be credited toward satisfying the city’s RHNA, even though those units were constructed or entitled prior to the planning period covered by this Housing Element. Table 10-24 provides a detailed accounting of the affordable units, including moderate-income units, approved, under construction or built between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2012. Units Constructed and Under Construction As part of the city’s Inclusionary Housing program, affordable units have been constructed (or are under construction) in Carlsbad since January 1, 2010 (Table 10-24). Specifically, 46 very low income and 24 low income units have been con- structed or are under construction, and subsidized through the inclusionary program or otherwise affordable due to sales/rental price. In addition, 103 units have been or will be produced for moderate income house- holds through the inclusionary program, or in the case of 14 second dwelling units, through market rents. At the market rate level, 935 dwelling units have been constructed since January 1, 2010 or are under construction. Units Approved In addition to units constructed, several residential development projects have been approved by the city (Table 10-24). These approvals include 76 dwelling units available for low income households and 40 units for moderate income households, based on the city’s inclusionary housing program or anticipated sales prices. 10-42 City of Carlsbad Housing10 TabLE 10–24: HOUSING PRODUCTION JaNUaRY 1, 2010 THROUGH DECEMbER 31, 2012 HOUSEHOLD INCOME PROJECT NAME VERY LOW LOW MODERATE ABOVE MODERATE TOTAL SUBSIDY Completed/Under Construction 46 24 103 935 1,108 Various Market Rate 935 935 n/a La Costa Condominiums 9 49 58 Inclusionary (Low)/rental price (Mod) ($2,100-2,800/ mo.) Tavarua Senior Apartments 35 15 50 Affordable agreement with City recorded La Costa Bluffs 24 24 Based on rental price ($2,000-2,300/mo.) Vitalia Flats 14 14 Based on anticipated rental price Smerud Duplex 2 2 Based on anticipated rental price Roosevelt Gardens 11 11 Affordable agreement with City recorded Second Dwelling Units 14 14 Based on anticipated rental price approved but not yet built 99 64 163 Encinas Creek Apartments (fka Cantarini/Holly Springs) 63 64 127 Inclusionary (Low) and anticipated rental price (Mod) Dos Colinas (Senior)24 24 Inclusionary Roosevelt Street Residences 7 7 Inclusionary Seascape 2 2 Second dwelling unit; based on anticipated price Lumiere Carlsbad Village 2 2 Inclusionary State Street Mixed Use 1 1 Inclusionary TOTaL 46 123 167 935 1,271 Source: City of Carlsbad, 2012. 10-43 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Summary Table 10-25 summarizes the city’s progress toward meeting the RHNA. Overall, the city has a remaining RHNA of 1,436 lower income and 895 moderate income units; the city must demonstrate the availability of residential sites at appropri- ate densities to accommodate these units. Assumptions for Sites Inventory This section describes assumptions for how the sites inventory was determined, particularly as it relates to sites appropriate for lower income households. This includes reasonable capacity, appropriate densities (General Plan land use des- ignations), site conditions, and locations. Unique site conditions exist in certain areas, namely the Village and Barrio; these are discussed below. Reasonable Capacity Assumptions Reasonable capacity is calculated for each site based on environmental con- straints, site size, and the minimum permitted density. • Environmental Constraints. Deductions are made for site constraints, which include steep slopes, water bodies, and San Diego Gas and Electric transmission corridors. –50 percent of the land area on 25-40 percent natural slopes are assumed to be available for development –Natural slopes greater than 40 percent are excluded from capacity calculations –Areas within the 100-year flood zone are excluded from capacity calculations TabLE 10–25: PROGRESS TOWaRD MEETING THE RHNa HOUSEHOLD INCOME VERY LOW LOW MODERATE ABOVE MODERATE TOTAL Constructed/ Under Construction 46 24 103 935 1,108 Approved 0 99 64 **163 Total 46 123 167 935 1,271 RHNA 912 693 1,062 2,332 4,999 RHNA Remaining 866 570 895 1,397 3,728 ** Above moderate housing projects that are approved but not constructed or under construction are accounted for in the vacant and underdevel- oped sites inventory. Sources: City of Carlsbad, Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. 10-44 City of Carlsbad Housing10 • Multiple Land Use Categories. The acreage of any unentitled or under- utilized parcel with more than one General Plan designation (e.g. RH/O/ OS) is appropriately adjusted so unit yields are based only on the portion of acreage reflective of the residential designation. • “Underutilized” Sites. These are sites not developed to their full poten- tial, such as an older residence on a large lot designated for multi-family residential. The city considers a property underutilized if its improve- ment value is less than its land value, with values as determined by the San Diego County Assessor.2 Other factors considered and reflected in the city’s sites selection include absentee ownership and the condition/ age of the structure on the property (greater than 55 years). • Parcel Size (outside the Village and Barrio). With the exception of parcels in the Village and the Barrio area, which have the highest densities allow- able, all sites that have been assumed to have additional development potential for lower and moderate income housing are at least 0.24 acre in size—a threshold where infill development and redevelopment have occurred in recent years, as shown in Table 10-26. • Existing Units to Remain. Any existing units on underutilized parcels are also deducted before determining unit yields, resulting in a “net” unit value.3 • General Plan Land Use Designation and Corresponding Zoning District. Allowed density is based on the General Plan land use desig- nation and its corresponding minimum density, as described in the sites inventory and the “Relationship between Affordability and Density” sub- section below. The zoning district specifies other site regulations such as parking and lot coverage requirements. 2 Many economic development experts use an improvement-to-land value of 2.0 or less for identify-ing underutilized properties for mixed use development. The city’s use of a ratio of less than 1.0 represents a relatively conservative assumption. 3 When developing the RHNA, SANDAG has already included a replacement factor – an estimated number of existing units that may be demolished to make way for new construction. Therefore, the RHNA is a gross production requirement. The city’s sites inventory accounts for a net produc- tion capacity by discounting the existing units on site. Therefore, again, the city’s estimate of capacity is more conservative compared to the RHNA. TabLE 10–26: aPPROVED MULTI-FaMILY PROJECTS ON SMaLL SITES PROJECT SITE SIZE (IN ACRES) UNITS DENSITY (DU/AC) APPROVAL DATE Acacia Estates 0.32 4 13 2005 Tamarack Beach Lofts 0.22 4 18 2006 Chestnut 5 Condos 0.27 5 18.5 2008 Walnut Condos 0.80 15 18.8 2008 Seabreeze Villas 0.69 12 17.4 2011 La Costa Bluffs 1.56 24 15.4 2011 Vista La Costa 0.88 19 21.6 2012 10-45 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10• Assumed Density. Each of the city’s residential land use designations specifies a density range that includes a minimum density, maximum density, as well as a Growth Management Control Point (GMCP) density (the GMCP density ensures residential development does not exceed the number of dwellings permitted in the city per the city’s Growth Management Plan). In the sites inventory, the minimum density is the assumed “reasonable” density for the purposes of accommodating housing affordable to lower and moderate income households. • Residential on Commercial Sites (Mixed Use). The General Commercial, Local Shopping Center and Regional Commercial land use designations represent the city’s mixed use districts that permit residential uses as part of a mixed use development. Capacity on these sites is assumed at a minimum of 15 units per acre on 25 percent of the developable site area (the other 75 percent is assumed for non-residential uses). These sites are listed in Appendix B (Table B-5) of the inventory since they support the General Plan vision and are good residential sites for moderate income households. However, the General Plan does not designate residential capacity to these sites (an excess dwelling unit allocation is required) and they are not necessary to meet the RHNA; therefore, these sites are only included in the Appendix B as additional possible residential sites. • Infrastructure Availability. Sites are only included if necessary infra- structure is available or planned. Any exceptions are described below. Reasonable Capacity in the Village The Village is the densest district in Carlsbad with the best access to shopping, services, and public transit. Because of this accessibility, it represents a good opportunity for the development of affordable housing for a range of income levels. In addition to the general assumptions above, in the Village, the minimum parcel size included in the sites inventory is 0.13 acre, which is the minimum deemed feasible for multi-family development; the average size is 0.40 acre. This relatively smaller parcel size is appropriate in the Village because: 1. Village development standards such as reduced setbacks and parking requirements, and increased lot coverage, are relatively flexible and in some cases less stringent than similar standards for properties elsewhere. 2. Planned residential densities are higher in the Village, a minimum of 18 or 28 units per acre (maximum of 23 or 35 units per acre), depending on the district, allowing at least two units on a 0.13-acre site. 3. The Village land use designations permit mixed-use development, in which residences are likely to be smaller apartments or condominiums on the upper floors. While the city encourages mixed-use projects in the Village, development of stand-alone high-density residential projects is 10-46 City of Carlsbad Housing10 also permitted and would yield even more units. To account for non-res- idential uses, a conservative 50 percent of the potential capacity of units is assumed, while the other 50 percent of developable area could be used for non-residential uses. Reasonable Capacity in the Barrio The Barrio is an existing, well-established neighborhood just south of the Village and west of Interstate 5. A mix of older single-family homes, condo- miniums, and apartments exist in the Barrio, and a number of the properties are underutilized and absentee-owned. Furthermore, the connection between the Barrio and the commercial services in the Village, as well as easy access to nearby train and bus services and Interstate 5, make the Barrio area appropriate for more dense residential uses. Though property values in the Barrio area remain high, the neighborhood could benefit from additional investment. Since 2000, the city has made a number of substantial public improvements in the area totaling more than $28 million, including utility undergrounding, storm drain and street improvements, and park and senior center enhancements. Carlsbad considers the area appropriate for redevelopment at standards and densities similar to the maximum densities approved for the Village. Therefore, the city believes consideration of a lot size smaller than 0.24 acre, as is the minimum in locations outside the Village and Barrio areas, is acceptable. In the Barrio, the minimum parcel size included in the sites inventory for lower and moderate income housing is 0.16 acre, except for the Harding Street Neighbors, LP parcels described below, and the average is 0.58 acre. Harding Street Neighbors, LP On January 29, 2013, the City Council authorized financial assistance ($7.4 million) to assist a developer acquire existing duplex units located in an area of the Barrio comprised of 27 parcels along Harding Street, Carol Place and Magnolia Avenue, generally north of Tamarack Avenue, south of Magnolia Avenue, east of Jefferson Street and west of Interstate 5. The intent of the property acquisition is to consolidate the parcels and construct a new 140 unit high density (minimum 23 du/ac) lower income affordable housing develop- ment. Twenty-two of the 27 parcels associated with the property acquisition are smaller (.13 to .15 acre) than the minimum parcel size for the Barrio (.16 acre); however, based on the approved funding agreement and intent to consolidate the lots for the purpose of constructing affordable housing, these 27 parcels are included in the sites inventory and combined can accommodate 140 lower income housing units. The funding agreement calls for acquisition and redevel- opment of the site to be completed by December 31, 2018. 10-47 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Other Lot Consolidation Opportunities In addition to the Harding Street Neighbors, LP project described above, the city will encourage the consolidation of other small parcels in order to facili- tate larger-scale developments. Specifically, the city will continue to make available an inventory of vacant and underutilized properties to interested developers, property owners, market infill and redevelopment opportunities throughout the city, particularly in the Village and Barrio, and meet with devel- opers to identify and discuss potential project sites. For the Barrio, the city shall encourage the consolidation of parcels and enhance the feasibility of affordable housing through application of standards modifications, non-conforming use regulations, and updates to the city’s Zoning Ordinance. Relationship between Affordability and Density For Carlsbad and other jurisdictions considered to be urban metropolitan areas, California Government Code Section 65583.2 states that a density of 30 units per acre is appropriate to enable lower income housing. However, the city can specify a lower density to accommodate lower income housing, provided the city can demonstrate how sites designated at the lower density can accommo- date the city’s RHNA. Such analysis may include, but is not limited to, factors such as market demand, financial feasibility, or information based on develop- ment project experience. While the city acknowledges that the availability of higher density residential sites is directly related to the achievement of higher density housing, experience has demonstrated that in Carlsbad, the private housing market would not develop affordable housing solely because of the availability of high density land; instead, market intervention by local govern- ment is required. Accordingly, in the early 1990s the City of Carlsbad implemented a comprehen- sive and rigorous affordable housing program (i.e., the Inclusionary Housing Ordinance, Carlsbad Municipal Code Chapter 21.85) that: 1) established a minimum 15 percent inclusionary lower-income housing mandate for all resi- dential projects; 2) offered unlimited density increases for affordable projects; 3) allowed for modifications to development standards to accommodate higher densities; and 4) provided significant financial subsidies for affordable housing. Carlsbad has tailored its existing housing program to increase housing afford- ability. A key component of the Inclusionary Housing Ordinance is to allow increased density on any residential site, provided there is an increase in the affordability of the development. As discussed in Section 10.4, the city maintains a voter-initiated Growth Man- agement Plan that limits the amount of residential development in the city, and ensures availability of adequate public facilities and services to serve all new development. Residential development cannot exceed the GMCP density (unless there are “excess dwelling units” available). Where development occurs 10-48 City of Carlsbad Housing10 below the GMCP density, the number of remaining units that otherwise would have been built on that site are “excess dwelling units” that are available to other residential developments to enable densities higher than the GMCP density. Residential projects must meet specific city criteria to be eligible for “excess units.” Such criteria include development of affordable housing (in addition to that required by the Inclusionary Housing Ordinance). Market Demand SANDAG’s 2050 Regional Growth Forecast anticipates a substantial shift in housing types in Carlsbad during the next 30 years as the city approaches buildout and the population ages. SANDAG forecasts that from 2011 through 2040, the percentage of single-family dwellings will decrease from 76 percent to 55 percent of new residential development. Higher density infill develop- ment and a reduction in the amount of new residential development in Carlsbad during the next 30 years will be factors in these shifts. A market demand study prepared for the recent General Plan update confirmed this trend, finding that the projected population shifts by age group between 2008 and 2020 result in an increasing demand for multifamily housing over time, particularly from young professionals without children and empty nesters. Financial Feasibility During public outreach activities undertaken as part of this Housing Element update, developers of both market rate and affordable housing were consulted, as described in Section 10.1. Several developers remarked that 23-25 du/ac was typically the threshold for constructing a housing development in Carlsbad with surface parking. Above 25 du/ac, in order to meet parking requirements, devel- opments would typically need to be designed with subterranean or podium parking, which may render the project infeasible without significant subsidy. Recent Experience Most of the city’s affordable housing developments have been developed at a density between 10 and 20 units per acre, as shown in Table 10-27, which lists the city’s recent affordable housing projects and their associated densities (notably, Tavarua Senior Apartments did exceed 20 units per acre, since 40 of the 50 units are one-bedroom units). These development projects reveal that affordable housing for lower income households can be achieved on land designated at a density less than 30 units per acre. 10-49 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10TabLE 10–27: RECENT aFFORDabLE HOUSING PROJECTS PROJECT NUMBER OF UNITS STATUS PROJECT DENSITY (DU/AC)1 AFFORDABILITY AVERAGE SUBSIDY/UNIT (AB#)2 The Bluffs Condos 10 Completed 2007 15 100% Lower Income $20,000 (AB 18,542) Cassia Heights 56 Completed 2007 21 100% Lower Income $50,523 (AB 18,025) Hunter’s Pointe 168 Completed 2007 11 100% Lower Income $11,500 (AB 18,251) Lumiere 2 Approved 2008 22.2 Low Income Inclusionary Seascape 2 Approved 2009 4.3 Low Income Inclusionary Roosevelt Gardens 11 Completed 2010 20 100% Lower Income $141,993 (AB 19,183) Poinsettia Commons/ Bluewater 12 Completed 2010 18.6 100% Lower Income Inclusionary Robertson Ranch/ Glen Ridge 78 Completed 2010 16 100% Lower Income $13,000 (AB 397) Vitalia Flats 14 Completed 2012 17.4 100% Moderate n/a Smerud Duplex 2 Completed 2012 14.3 100% Moderate n/a La Costa Condominiums 58 Completed 2013 11.5 16% Low/ 84% Moderate Inclusionary Tavarua Senior Apartments 50 Completed 2013 56 100% Lower Income $75,000 (AB 418) La Costa Bluffs 24 Under construction 15.6 100% Moderate n/a State Street Mixed Use 1 Approved 2011 32.1 Low Income Inclusionary Dos Colinas 24 Approved 2012 n/a Low Income Inclusionary Encinas Creek Apartments (fka Cantarini/ Holly Springs) 127 Approved 2013 20.5 50% Low/ 50% Moderate Inclusionary 1 “du/ac” is dwelling units/acre. 2 AB# identifies the City Council agenda bill number from which the subsidy amount was obtained. 10-50 City of Carlsbad Housing10 assumed Densities In summary, the density of 30 units per acre, which is specified by Government Code Section 65583.2 as appropriate for lower income housing, is higher than the densities at which affordable housing is typically built in Carlsbad and which is deemed to be feasible by potential developers. As a result, the sites inventory rec- ognizes that densities as low as 12 units per acre are appropriate for moderate income housing and 20 units per acre for lower income housing. Table 10-28 identifies the land use designations that generally correspond to various household income levels for the purposes of the sites inventory. The minimum and maximum densities permitted are displayed along with the GMCP density. The sites inventory assumes the minimum density permitted by the General Plan land use designation and is thus a conservative estimate of realistic capacity. For R-1.5 and R-4 designated sites, the GMCP densities are assumed in the inventory. TabLE 10–28: LaND USE DESIGNaTIONS aND aFFORDabILITY GENERAL PLAN LAND USE DESIGNATION IMPLEMENTING ZONING DISTRICT DENSITY RANGE (MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM) (DU/AC) GROWTH MANAGEMENT CONTROL POINT (DU/AC) APPROPRIATE INCOME LEVELS2 R-1.5 Residential R-1, R-A, P-C1, RMHP 0 - 1.5 1 Above Moderate R-4 Residential R-1, R-A, P-C1, RMHP 0 - 4 3.2 R-8 Residential R-1, R-2, RD-M, P-C1, RMHP 4 - 8 6 R-15 Residential R-3, RD-M, P-C1, RMHP 8 - 15 11.5 R-23 Residential R-3, RD-M, R-W, P-C1, RMHP, R-P 15 - 23 19 Moderate General Commercial (GC)C-2 15 - 30 n/a5 Local Shopping Center (L)C-L 15 - 30 n/a5 Regional Commercial (R)C-2 15 - 30 n/a5 Village (V)V-R District 5-9: 18 - 23 n/a5 R-30 Residential R-3, RD-M, P-C1, RMHP, R-P 23 - 30 25 Extremely Low, Very-Low, Low Village (V)V-R District 1-4: 28 - 35 n/a5 1 Subject to an approved master plan. 2 Applies to sites where no project is approved that provides affordable housing; approved affordable housing projects may be located within any residential designation, since the affordable housing provided by the project is typically achieved through the city’s Inclusionary Housing requirements. 3 Sites designated R-15 are assumed available for moderate income housing if the property is subject to a master plan that establishes a minimum density of 12 or more units per acre. 4 Sites designated R-23 are assumed available for low income housing if the property is subject to a master plan that establishes a minimum den- sity of 20 or more units per acre. 5 Requires an allocation of “excess dwelling units”; 828 “excess dwelling units” are currently reserved for the Village and are included in the esti- mated General Plan residential capacity. 10-51 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10The General Plan’s R-30 and Village designations accommodate lower incomes. The R-30 designation requires a minimum of 23 units per acre and permits up to 30 units per acre. When a density bonus is applied to the R-30 designation, the maximum density can potentially reach 40 units per acre (at a maximum density bonus of 35 percent under state density bonus law). Additionally, the city’s ordinances allow for density increases that exceed state density bonus law, as illustrated by the Tavarua Senior Apartments shown in Table 10-27. These designations may also be appropriate for extremely low income house- holds, such as agricultural workers, seniors earning fixed incomes, homeless seeking transitional or supportive housing, and other one-bedroom housing types. The R-23 designation is assumed to accommodate moderate income house- holds. Its density range permits between 15 and 23 units per acre. Commercial designations are also appropriate for moderate incomes. Above moderate income housing may be appropriate in any density category, but is assumed for R-15 and lower density residential designations. Residential Sites Inventory The following residential sites inventory represents sites that have densities and conditions to accommodate the city’s remaining RHNA. These sites are illus- trated in Figure 10-1 and described in detail in Appendix B. The sites inventory is divided into two categories: Vacant Sites and Underutilized Sites (these sites exclude vacant or underutilized sites with an approved, but not yet built, devel- opment project listed in Table 10-24). Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing Vacant Table 10-29 provides a summary of the vacant sites that can accommodate development of housing appropriate for lower and moderate income levels (the complete inventory of sites is provided in Appendix B). Allowed density is equivalent to the minimum density as stated in the General Plan and Table 10-28. In total, vacant sites can accommodate 1,264 housing units appropriate for very-low, 691 units for low income households, and 661 units appropriate for moderate income households. Underutilized In addition, there are opportunities to meet the RHNA through redevelopment of “underutilized” sites, which include sites with transitional uses such as agri- culture or surface parking, residential uses developed at a density lower than the minimum density allowed, or where the value of the structure/improvement is less than the land value. The recent General Plan update identified land with 10-52 City of Carlsbad Housing10 the greatest potential to accommodate future development. Many of the sites permit multi-family housing in residential and mixed-use locations (such as the Village and Barrio) that are close to transit and services. Table 10-29 summarizes the capacity of underutilized housing sites. The unde- rutilized inventory in Appendix B documents two categories of underutilized sites: • The first category includes sites where the existing use is surface parking or agricultural land appropriate for transition to residential uses (Table B-2 in Appendix B). These sites result in 282 housing units appropri- ate for very-low income households and 12 units for moderate income households. • The second category of underutilized sites include sites where there is a structure(s) on site, but the use is built below the allowed minimum density, or the value of the structure/improvement is less than the land value (Table B-3 in Appendix B). These sites could accommodate an addi- tional 960 units appropriate for lower income housing and 252 units for moderate income households. Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Housing As described in Table 10-28, sites appropriate for market rate housing are found in the following land use districts: R-1.5, R-4, R-8 and R-15. These land use des- ignations typically permit single-family and medium density multi-family dwellings that are likely only affordable for households earning above moderate incomes. The sites inventory includes 512 acres of vacant land with these land use designations, which can accommodate an estimated 1,622 housing units. The inventory also includes 186 acres of underutilized land—primarily resi- dential uses that are built at a lower density than the designation allows. These underutilized sites could accommodate an additional 550 units. These sites are identified in Appendix B (Table B-4). TabLE 10–29: HOUSING SITES INVENTORY SUMMaRY HOUSEHOLD INCOME TYPE VERY LOW LOW MODERATE ABOVE MODERATE TOTAL Vacant 1,264 691 661 1,622 4,238 Underutilized 1,102 140 264 550 2,056 TOTaL 2,366 831 925 2,172 6,294 1 Sites in the Village are included in the “vacant” and “underutilized “categories. Sources: City of Carlsbad, Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. 10-53 PALOMA R A IR P O RT RD PO IN SET T I A LNAVIARA P KWYLA COS TA AVE EL CAMI NOR E A L A L G A R D P O IN S E T T I A LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD CAM IN O VIDA RO BLE EL CAMINO REAL CANNON RD FARA D A Y AVECANNONRD T A MARACKAVEELCAMI NOREAL TA M A R A C K A V E CARLS BADBLVDCARLSBADBLVDM A RRON R D SANDI EGONORTHERN RR OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS Batiq u i to s Lago onAgua Hedionda Lagoon Buena Vista Lagoon Calavera Lake SquiresReservoir 78 78 C A R LSBA D V ILLAGED R L A C O S T A AVE RANCHO SANTAFERDMCCLELLAN -PALOMARAIRPORT City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Oceanside City of Encinitas Harding Property 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. P a c i f i c O c e a n GRAN D A V E OAK A VE CHES T N U T A V E CARL S B A D VI LL A GE D R PA CIFIC A VE PINE AV E S TA T E S T ROO S E V E L T S TMAD I SON S T JE F F E R SO N S T WALN U T A VE CHRIS TI A N SE N W A Y BEECH W A Y LAGUNA DR H A R D ING S TCAR L S B A DB LVDOCE AN S T MAGNOLIA AVEPALM A V E WALN U T A V E OAK A VE PINE AVE ACACI A A V E G A R F I E LD S T S AN D I EGO NO R TH E RN R R LINCO LN S T Figure 10-1 Housing Element Sites Inventory 500 ACRES 100 ACRES Vacant Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing Underutilized Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing – Category 1 (Parking Lot and Agricultural Sites) Underutilized Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing – Category 2 (Other Underutilized Sites) Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households Harding Street Neighbors, LP Property Highways Major Street Railroad City Limits GENERAL PLANFigure 10-1: Housing Element Sites Inventory 10-55 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Commercial Mixed Use Commercial designated sites where residential uses are appropriate and supported by the General Plan vision, are also documented in Appendix B, Table B-5. These sites can accommodate 350 moderate income households. However, the General Plan does not designate residential capacity to these sites (excess dwelling units are required) and they are not necessary to meet the RHNA; therefore, these sites are only included in Appendix B as additional possible residential sites. Infrastructure Constraints Services will be constructed in tandem with residential development as required by the city’s Local Facilities Management Plans, to ensure adequate provision of infrastructure facilities. As of April 2013, all required Local Facilities Man- agement Plans have been prepared and approved. The adequacy of facilities is monitored annually as part of the city’s Growth Management Plan. The city’s Growth Management Monitoring Report (FY 2012-13) concluded that all monitored facilities are adequate to serve existing development, and that with planned improvements, will be adequate to serve new development through build-out. Adequacy of Sites Inventory in Meeting RHNA As the sites inventory demonstrates, the city has the capacity to accommo- date the RHNA. This inventory accommodates potential development of 2,412 very low, 954 low, 1,092 moderate, and 3,107 above moderate income units. Combined, the city has land resources and programs to accommodate the RHNA at all income levels. TabLE 10–30: aDEQUaCY OF SITES IN MEETING RHNa, bY HOUSEHOLD INCOME SITE TYPE VERY LOW LOW MODERATE ABOVE MODERATE TOTAL Development Projects1 46 123 167 935 1,271 Vacant2 1,264 691 661 1,622 4,238 Underutilized2 1,102 140 264 550 2,056 TOTaL 2,412 954 1,092 3,107 7,565 RHNA 912 693 1,062 2,332 4,999 Surplus/Deficit 1,500 261 30 775 2,566 1 Per Table 10-24 2 Per Table 10-29 Sources: Dyett & Bhatia, City of Carlsbad, 2013.. 10-56 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Financial Resources Providing for an adequate level of housing opportunities for Carlsbad residents requires creative layering of funding. Often one single source of funding is inad- equate to address the extensive needs and depth of subsidies required. The city must program the uses of limited funding effectively to maximize the number of households that can be assisted. For the last several decades, the city’s Redevelopment Housing Set-Aside Fund was one of the city’s major sources of funding for affordable housing. However, following state legislation eliminating all redevelopment agencies in California, the Carlsbad Redevelopment Agency was dissolved effective February 1, 2012 and along with it this source of affordable housing funding. The city’s Affordable Housing Trust Fund remains the primary source of housing funding, though the city is exploring a housing impact fee as described in Section 10.6 (Program 3.7). In addition, the city reserves a portion of the U.S. Community Development Block Grant (CDBG) and HOME Program funds for affordable housing development. Other supplemental sources include Section 108 loan guarantee and Section 8 rental assistance. Another funding source, the city’s Agricultural Conversion Mitigation Fee program, has been used to build farmworker housing. The city’s policy is to leverage, to the maximum extent feasible, the use of funds available in the development of affordable housing. The city supports the use of CDBG and HOME funds for predevelopment activities and “gap financing” of developments by private and nonprofit entities. Affordable Housing Trust Fund With the implementation of the city’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance, the city established a Housing Trust Fund to collect fees generated from the Inclusionary Housing In-Lieu Fee and the sale of affordable housing credits to satisfy a devel- oper’s inclusionary housing obligation. All fees collected are used exclusively to facilitate the construction, preservation, and maintenance of affordable housing pursuant to the City’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance. As of December 31, 2012, the Housing Trust Fund had an unencumbered balance of $6.1 million. The Inclusionary Housing In-Lieu Fee is the single largest contributor to the Housing Trust Fund. The city’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance requires 15 percent of new residential development to be reserved as affordable to lower income households. Developers of small projects with no more than six units have the option to pay a fee in lieu of providing on-site affordable units. At the discretion of the city, other options to providing units on-site, such as dedi- cating land, may also be possible. 10-57 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Housing Reserve Fund (CDBG/HOME) The CDBG Program is administered by HUD. Through this program, the federal government provides funding to jurisdictions to undertake community development and housing activities. The primary CDBG objective is the devel- opment of viable urban communities, including decent housing and a suitable living environment, and expanding economic opportunity, principally for persons of low-and moderate-income. The City of Carlsbad receives an alloca- tion of approximately $500,000 in CDBG funds annually. The HOME Program provides federal funds for the development and rehabili- tation of affordable rental and ownership housing for households with incomes not exceeding 80 percent of area median income. The city participates in the San Diego County HOME Consortium and receives an allocation of approxi- mately $280,000 in HOME funds annually. The city has established a Housing Reserve Fund with allocations from its CDBG and HOME Programs to accumulate funds for creating additional affordable housing opportunities in Carlsbad. Funds are used to help identify appropriate properties for possible acquisition and/or development of afford- able units. Once an appropriate property is identified, Housing Reserve Funds may be reallocated for acquisition and/or development of a specific property. CDBG Section 108 Loans In the 1990s, the city received approximately $1.2 million in a CDBG Section 108 loan to assist in the land acquisition for a 21-acre site for the construction of the Villa Loma Apartments. The city anticipates pursuing additional Section 108 loan guarantees to expand affordable housing opportunities in Carlsbad, as appropriate. Section 8 Tenant-Based Rental Assistance Program The Housing Choice Voucher Program (Section 8) is funded by HUD and administered by the City of Carlsbad Housing Authority. The city spends approximately $6.3 million annually on the Section 8 Rental Assistance Program, serving an average of 600 families per month. An additional 549 families are on the waiting list, which has been closed since October 1, 2005. Agricultural Conversion Mitigation Fee Program As certain, often historic, coastal agricultural lands develop, a mitigation fee of $10,000 per acre is paid to the city. In 2005, Carlsbad established an ad hoc citizen’s committee to advise the City Council on how the collected fees should be spent, which by that time had reached over $6 million. Subsequently, the committee solicited and evaluated funding proposals from organizations according to specific criteria. These criteria focus on restoration, preservation and enhancement of Carlsbad’s natural and agricultural environment. To this end, an eligible funding category is the development of farmworker housing. 10-58 City of Carlsbad Housing10 In 2008, the city awarded a $2 million grant from the collected fees to Catholic Charities to rebuild and expand the current La Posada de Guadalupe homeless shelter to provide farmworker housing. This facility will feature 50-70 beds spe- cifically for farmworkers, which are in addition to the 50-beds that currently serve farmworkers and homeless men. Currently, the Agricultural Conversion Mitigation Fee Program has an approx- imate balance of $490,000. It is expected this fee could grow by another $1 million to $1.5 million as designated properties continue to develop. administrative Capacity The institutional structure and administrative capacity established to implement programs contained in the Housing Element include the City of Carlsbad, other public entities, and private developers, both for-profit and non- profit. The city works closely with private developers to construct, rehabilitate, and preserve affordable housing in the city. City of Carlsbad The City of Carlsbad’s Housing and Neighborhood Services Division, Planning Division, and Building Division will be the lead divisions in implementing a variety of programs and activities outlined in this Housing Element. Housing and Neighborhood Services Division The Housing and Neighborhood Services Division has the following responsi- bilities related to the Housing Element: • Administering the CDBG program – a substantial amount of CDBG funds during the Housing Element period will be allocated to projects that address the affordable housing needs of lower and moderate income households. • Administering rental and financial assistance – the division offers pro- grams for rental and down payment assistance as well as minor home repair grants. • Administering the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher program –provid- ing approximately 600 Section 8 vouchers to eligible households. • Providing neighborhood outreach and code enforcement services. • Implementing Housing Element programs – the division will work with developers to create affordable housing opportunities for low income households. 10-59 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Planning Division Principal responsibilities of the Planning Division include: • Preparing ordinances and policies to facilitate and encourage housing development for all income groups in Carlsbad. • Assisting in the development of affordable housing. • Tracking the number and affordability of new housing units built. • Reviewing and guiding applications for development of housing through the entitlement process. building Division The principal responsibility of the Building Division is monitoring and reporting on existing housing units that are substandard. Housing Developers Non-Profit Organizations The city works with a number of for- and non-profit developers to create afford- able housing using the Housing Trust Fund and other housing funds. The following affordable housing developers have expressed interest in developing and/or preserving affordable housing in San Diego County: • Affirmed Housing • Affordable Housing People • Bridge Housing Corporation • C&C Development • Chelsea Investment Corporation • Chicano Federation of San Diego County • Community Housing Group • Community Housing of North County • Community Housing Works • Habitat for Humanity • Housing Development Partners of San Diego • Irvine Housing Opportunities • Jamboree Housing • MAAC Project • Meta Housing • Wakeland Housing 10-60 City of Carlsbad Housing10 For-Profit Developers Private, for-profit developers will assist in the effort of creating affordable housing in Carlsbad through the city’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance. Per the ordinance, at least 15 percent of all housing units approved for any master plan community, specific plan, or qualified subdivision must be affordable to lower income households. Opportunities for Energy Conservation Energy costs directly affect housing affordability through their impact on the construction, operation, and maintenance of housing. There are many ways in which the planning, design, and construction of residential neighborhoods and homes can reduce energy costs while at the same time produce an envi- ronmental benefit. Techniques for reducing energy costs include construction standards for energy efficiency, site planning, land use patterns, and the use of natural landscape features to reduce energy needs. Sustainable development also encompasses the preservation of habitat and species, improvement of air, and conservation of natural resources, including water and open space. Residential Building Standards The city uses the California Building Code and the new Green Building Standards Code (CALGREEN) to review proposed development and renova- tions. The purpose of the code is to improve public health, safety and general welfare by enhancing the design and construction of buildings in the following categories: 1) planning and design, 2) energy efficiency, 3) water efficiency and conservation, 4) material conservation and resource efficiency, and 5) environ- mental air quality. In addition to CALGREEN standards, the city implements the following energy conservation programs related to building design, con- struction and improvement: Solar and Other Energy Related Improvements The city requires all new residential units to include plumbing specifically designed to allow the later installation of a system that utilizes solar energy as the primary means of heating domestic potable water. The city joined the CaliforniaFIRST program to allow residents and business owners to obtain low-interest financing for energy related improvements and repay the loans through an assessment on their property tax bills. The program is voluntary, and the owners of residential, commercial, and industrial prop- erties in Carlsbad are eligible. Along with solar electric and water-heating systems, energy efficient improvements such as dual-paned windows, tank-less water heaters, and insulation are also eligible for funding under the program. To-date, the program is actually on hold because of problems with the Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) federal financing component, but it is included here for the sake of a thorough description of city efforts. 10-61 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Green Building Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is an internationally- recognized rating system for certifying the design, construction, and operation of high performance buildings. City policy calls for new city facilities to strive for LEED “Silver” certification or its equivalent and to generate a minimum of 10 percent of its energy demand onsite, whenever practicable and within a reasonable cost/benefit ratio. In addition, at the private level, several recent development projects have elected to obtain certification for green buildings. According to the LEED Certified Project Directory, there are eight LEED-certi- fied projects in Carlsbad. Water Recycling, Conservation, and Desalination Under the recycled water retrofit project, the city installs recycled water lines to serve existing development in areas of the city where recycled water is available. The Carlsbad Municipal Water District does not provide recycled water to resi- dential customers; however, it does provide it to the common landscaped areas of residential developments. Each year, the district distributes nearly 1.35 billion gallons of recycled water to local irrigation customers. Recycled water costs customers 15 percent less than potable irrigation water. To assist homeowners in reducing costs, the city participates in regional water conservation programs that allow Carlsbad Municipal Water District customers to receive rebates for purchasing water efficient clothes washing machines and toilets, free on-site water use surveys, and vouchers for weather-based irrigation controllers. The district is a signatory to the California Urban Water Conser- vation Council Memorandum of Understanding, which seeks to implement 14 best management practices that have received a consensus among water agencies and conservation advocates as the best and most realistic methods to produce significant water savings from conservation. In addition, in 2010, the city adopted a water-efficient landscape ordinance to promote water conservation through design, installation and maintenance of more efficient landscape and irrigation systems. A nearly $1 billion, 50-million gallon a day seawater desalination plant is currently under construction in Carlsbad, which is intended to supply the San Diego region with approximately 10 percent of its drinking water needs, and Carlsbad with about 12.5 percent of its drinking water needs. The project will be the first large scale desalination plant in the United States and the largest of its kind in the Western Hemisphere. 10-62 City of Carlsbad Housing10 General Plan Goals and Policies Other elements in the General Plan discuss policy measures to reduce energy consumption through land use, transportation, and conservation efforts. • The General Plan seeks development of pedestrian-oriented shopping centers that are located to maximize accessibility from residential neigh- borhoods. Where appropriate, these centers would also include high and medium density housing surrounding the retail uses or integrated in mixed-use buildings. • The General Plan seeks to reduce reliance on driving by promoting safe walking and biking access. The plan outlines improvements to pedestrian and bicycle systems. Opportunities for a safe pedestrian crossing across the railroad and Chestnut Avenue will be explored. Pedestrian priority zones around key centers and other places—such as schools—are out- lined, to foster pedestrian comfort and safety. • The General Plan supports continuation of the open space and park plan- ning efforts by the city. Any future development located in areas adjacent to sensitive biological resources, such as lagoons and hillsides, must comply with the city’s Habitat Management Plan and open space regu- lations to ensure that habitats are preserved and open space is provided. 10-63 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 1010.4 Constraints and Mitigating Opportunities A variety of factors can encourage or constrain the development, maintenance, and improvement of housing in Carlsbad, particularly for low and moderate income households. The city’s coastal location and mesa/canyon topography imposes physical and regulatory constraints, and results in high land costs that present challenging market constraints. This section provides an analysis of various potential and actual constraints to housing development and preservation in Carlsbad. When an actual constraint is identified, the Housing Element must consider actions and opportunities that can mitigate the constraint. While certain factors, such as construction/labor costs, may increase the costs of housing, their impacts are similar throughout the region and therefore do not impose disadvantages on the city. These factors are considered potential, but not actual constraints. Market Constraints Land costs, construction costs, and market financing contribute to the cost of housing investments and can potentially hinder the production of new afford- able housing. Land Cost In most cities, land costs vary with site location, availability of infrastruc- ture, and offsite conditions. In Carlsbad, location is the single greatest factor determining land prices. Carlsbad is a highly desirable place to live and many properties have coastal views. Proximity to freeway access, public facilities, and community image also contribute to the high land costs in the city. As of October 2012, there were only a small number of for-sale listings for land zoned for residential. According to Loopnet, a 1.2 acre property (zoned RD-M which allows multi-family) was listed for $2.75 million, including approvals of TabLE 10–31: VaCaNT LaND PRICES OCTObER 2012 TYPE LOT SIZE (ACRES)ADVERTISED PRICE Single-Family 0.17 $339,000 0.23 $299,900 0.29 $395,000 0.35 $332,988 0.47 $700,000 1.10 $799,000 Average Price (Weighted)0.44 $599,848 Average per Acre 1.00 $1,304,537 Source: Loopnet, October 2012. 10-64 City of Carlsbad Housing10 a conceptual plan for 26 condo units. As shown in Table 10-31, available land zoned for single-family homes averaged $1.3 million per acre. The lack of avail- ability and the cost of vacant residential land in Carlsbad is a substantial market constraint to the production of new affordable housing. Mitigation Opportunities The city offers several opportunities to mitigate the impact of land costs on affordable housing development. Specifically: • Adequate Sites Inventory: The city ensures, through land use planning actions, that an adequate supply of residential sites is available to meet the city’s projected housing needs. This discussion is contained in Section 10.3, Resources Available. • Density Bonus/Increase: The city offers density bonuses for qualified projects, pursuant to state law, to increase the yield (number of units) that can be achieved above the maximum of the density range on a property. Also, through the city’s ordinances, the city offers density increases to assist in providing affordable housing. Density bonuses and increases reduce the per-unit land cost. • Land Banking/Surplus Land: The city may acquire land and reserve it for future residential development. In addition to privately-held properties, surplus land owned by the city and other public agencies offers additional opportunities for affordable housing. The acquired land can be resold with entitlement to a nonprofit developer at a reduced price to provide housing affordable to lower-income households. The city may also accept land as an in-lieu contribution by a developer to fulfill the inclusionary housing requirement. Construction and Labor Costs The International Code Council (ICC) provides estimates on labor and material costs by type of construction. According to 2012 ICC estimates, the average per- square-foot cost for “good” quality housing is approximately $101 per square foot for multi-family housing and $113 for single-family homes in the United States. Estimates are based on “good” quality Type VA, wood-frame con- struction, providing materials and fixtures well above the minimum required by state and local building codes. For San Diego County, RSMeans estimates for 2008 are slightly higher—at $125-$148 for a one-to-three story apartment, assuming union labor. Historically, labor costs are relatively stable and fixed in comparison to land and improvement costs. However, in January 2002, Senate Bill 975 expanded the definition of public works and the application of the state’s prevailing wage requirements to such projects. It also expanded the definition of what consti- tutes public funds and captured significantly more projects beyond just public 10-65 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10works (such as housing) that involve public/private partnerships. Except for self-help projects, per SB 972, payment of prevailing wages are required for most private projects constructed under an agreement with a public agency providing assistance to the project. As a result, the prevailing wage requirement substantially increases the cost of affordable housing construction (though it also increases the income of the worker who may seek housing in Carlsbad or elsewhere in the region). Mitigating Opportunities Both construction and labor costs are similar throughout the region. While these costs add to the overall cost of housing, they do not pose an actual con- straint to housing development in Carlsbad. Nevertheless, the city offers a number of incentives and assistance to help reduce the cost of construction for affordable housing. These include: density bonuses/incentives, and direct financing assistance using the Housing Reserve Fund and the Housing Trust Fund. Home Financing Although interest rates have reached historically low levels over the past few years, access to credit has tightened in the wake of the financial crisis of 2007-08 and finance reform. The new lending environment can have a substantial impact on prospective purchasers. An additional obstacle for homebuyers continues to be the down payment required by lending institutions. These factors often affect demand for ownership housing, driving up or depressing housing prices. Under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA), lending institutions must disclose information on the disposition of loan applications by the income, gender, and race of the applicants. This applies to all loan applications for home purchases and improvements, whether financed at market rate or through gov- ernment-backed programs. The primary concern in a review of lending activity is to see whether home financing is generally available to all income groups in the community. Subsidies Given the market conditions in southern California, particularly in the San Diego region, housing affordable to lower-income households cannot be accom- modated by the market without some form of financial subsidy (affordable housing projects shown in Table 10-27 were achieved with financial subsidies from the city.) Average per-unit subsidy of subsidized units was about $69,771. This level of subsidy is modest and less than that for most affordable housing projects in the north San Diego County area at densities around 20 units per acre. As discussed with developers during a developer forum held as part of the General Plan and Housing Element update process, development above 23-25 10-66 City of Carlsbad Housing10 units per acre would typically necessitate subterranean parking, which sub- stantially increases the average subsidy required to make the units affordable to lower-income households. The cost savings from economies of scale for housing production do not usually break even until the density is substantially increased to beyond 30 units per acre. To expand the capacity for additional development, at appropriate locations, the city permits development in the Village at up to 35 units per acre and within the R-30 land use designation density bonuses/ increases can be granted to allow densities above 30 units per acre. Conventional Lending Overall, 4,473 households applied for mortgage loans for homes in Carlsbad in 2011, over two-thirds of which were refinancing applications. Of the applica- tions for conventional mortgage loans, approximately 75 percent were approved (Table 10-32). The denial rate was 12 percent, while 13 percent of the applications were withdrawn or closed for incompleteness. Among the 90 applications for home improvement loans in 2011, 69 percent were approved, 14 percent were denied, and 17 percent were withdrawn or closed for incompleteness. Approval rates were slightly higher, at 85 percent, for the San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos MSA as a whole. Government-Backed Lending In addition to conventional mortgages, HMDA tracks loans for government- backed financing (e.g. FHA, VA, or FSA/RHS).4 To be eligible for these loans, households must meet established income standards and homes must be under a maximum sales price. However, home prices in Carlsbad often exceed the maximum home values established by these government-backed programs, which makes it difficult for households to take advantage of these types of loans. In 2011, 144 households applied for government-backed home mortgage loans for properties in Carlsbad (Table 10-32). Of these applications, 72 percent were approved, 13 percent were denied, and 15 percent were withdrawn or closed for incompleteness. Application and approval rates have improved substantially since the last Housing Element review in 2003 when only one application for a government-backed home improvement loan was processed and the loan was approved. In 2011, 103 government-backed loans were approved. Approval rates were slightly higher, at 86 percent, for the San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos MSA as a whole. 4 Government-backed financing includes those backed by the Department of Veteran Affairs (VA), Federal Housing Administration (FHA), and Farm Service Agency/Rural Housing Services (FSA/ RHS). Down payment assistance, silent second, and other mortgage assistance programs offered by local jurisdictions are not tracked by HMDA. 10-67 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10 Mitigating Opportunities To address potential private market lending constraints and expand home- ownership and home improvement opportunities, the city offers and/or participates in a variety of home buyer, down payment assistance, and rehabili- tation assistance programs. These programs assist extremely-low, very-low, low, and moderate-income residents by increasing access to favorable loan terms to purchase or improve their homes. Government Constraints Local policies and regulations can affect the price and availability of housing. Land use controls, the Growth Management Plan, development standards, site improvements, fees and exactions, permit processing procedures, and other issues may present potential and actual constraints to the maintenance, devel- opment, and improvement of housing. Land Use Controls The Land Use and Community Design Element of the General Plan sets forth policies for guiding local development. The distribution of land use designations within the city are based on several geographical and locational constraints. These constraints include: McClellan/Palomar Airport, San Diego Gas & Electric power plant, Encina wastewater treatment plant, regional commercial areas along Interstate 5 and Highway 78, open space reserves, habitat, beaches and lagoons, as well as the city’s overall mesa/canyon topography. The airport, power plant and wastewater treatment plant could preclude residential develop- ment in close proximity due to potential public health and safety concerns. The natural constraints such as hilly topography, beaches and lagoons also limit the extent and density of residential uses due to environmental factors. TabLE 10–32: DISPOSITION OF HOME PURCHaSE aND HOME IMPROVEMENT LOaN aPPLICaTIONS IN CENSUS TRaCTS PaRTIaLLY OR WHOLLY WITHIN CaRLSbaD 2011 GOVERNMENT BACKED CONVENTIONAL HOME IMPROVEMENT HOUSING UNIT TYPE #%#%#% Approved1 103 72%451 75%62 69% Denied 19 13%72 12%13 14% Other2 22 15%78 13%15 17% TOTaL aPPLICaTIONS 144 601 90 1 “Approved” includes loans originated or approved, but not accepted. 2 “Other” includes files closed for incompleteness, and applications withdrawn. Source: Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA), 2011. 10-68 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Carlsbad’s Land Use and Community Design Element establishes six residen- tial designations (excluding the Village) ranging in density from 1.0 dwelling unit per acre to 30.0 dwelling units per acre ( 10-33)). The R-30 land use des- ignation was added to the General Plan in February 2013 and allows up to 30 dwelling units per acre. In the Village, a separate land use designation applies (V – Village). This des- ignation permits both residential and non-residential uses. Depending on the district within the Village, the minimum density is 18 units per acre (districts 5-9) or 28 units per acre (districts 1-4) and the maximum density permitted is 23 or 35 units per acre, respectively. To further ensure that development adheres to the densities specified, the Land Use and Community Design Element requires development at or above the minimum density specified in Table 10-33. As discussed below, the Growth Management Control Point (GMCP) density ensures adherence to the residential dwelling unit limits established by Carls- bad’s Growth Management Plan. Certain findings regarding the provision of adequate facilities and the densities of neighboring developments must be made to allow residential development to exceed the GMCP density. Growth Management Plan In the mid-1980s, Carlsbad experienced a construction boom. Annual growth rates exceeded ten percent and developers completed the most homes in the city’s history prior to that time – 2,612 – in 1986. Further, Carlsbad’s General Plan, in effect at that time, established a residential capacity exceeding 100,000 units, which potentially meant over 80,000 more homes could be built. With the above in mind, residents expressed concern over the loss of small town identity, disappearance of open space, and potential for growth to outstrip public facili- ties and services. TabLE 10–33: LaND USE DESIGNaTIONS aND IMPLEMENTING ZONES LAND USE DESIGNATION ALLOWED DENSITY (DU/AC) GMCP (DU/AC)IMPLEMENTING ZONE R 1.5 – Residential 0.0 – 1.5 1.0 R-1, R-A, PC1, RMHP R 4 – Residential 0.0 – 4.0 3.2 R-1, R-A, PC1, RMHP R 8 – Residential 4.01 – 8.00 6.0 R-1, R-2, RD-M, PC1, RMHP R 15 – Residential 8.01 – 15.00 12.0 R-3, RD-M, PC1, RMHP, R-P R 23 – Residential 15.0 – 23.00 20.0 R,3, RD-M, PC1, RMHP, R-P, R-W R 30 – Residential 23.01 – 30.00 25.0 R,3, RD-M, PC1, RMHP, R-P V – Village Dist. 1-4: 28-35 Dist. 5-9: 18-23 max n/a2 V-R 1 Subject to an approved master plan. 2 Requires an allocation of “excess dwelling units”; 828 “excess dwelling units” are currently reserved for the Village. Source: Carlsbad Draft General Plan update, November 2012. 10-69 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Aware that development was creating public facility impacts on the community, the city began working on its Growth Management Plan. Among the first actions taken was reduction of the General Plan’s residential capacity by approx- imately one-half in 1985. Subsequent actions included the adoption of a series of interim ordinances to restrict development while the formal Growth Man- agement Plan was finalized. In 1986, Carlsbad adopted a citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan that established much of the foundational aspects of the program. That year, the program was permanently enacted by ordinance. The Growth Management Plan ensures that adequate public facilities and services are guaranteed at all times as growth occurs. This program establishes performance standards for eleven public facilities. The eleven public facili- ties addressed are city administration, library, waste-water treatment, parks, drainage, circulation, fire, open space, schools, sewer collection, and water dis- tribution. The program requires that the appropriate public facilities must be available in conformance with the adopted performance standards in an area when new development occurs. Unless each of these eleven public facility standards has been complied with, no new development can occur. Compliance with the Growth Management Plan is planned for and provided through a three-tiered or phased planning process: • Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan, which adopted eleven public facility performance standards, defined the boundaries of 25 local facility management zones, and detailed existing public facilities and projected the ultimate public facility needs. • Local Facilities Management Plans are prepared in each of the 25 zones and implement the provisions of the Growth Management Plan. These plans phase all development and public facilities needs in accordance with the adopted performance standards, provide a detailed financing mechanism to ensure public facilities can be provided, are reviewed by city staff for accuracy, and are approved by the City Council after a public hearing. • Individual Projects must comply with the provisions of the Local Facilities Management Plans, as well as implement provisions of the citywide plan. The third phase of the program includes the review of individual proj- ects to ensure compliance with all performance standards prior to the approval of any development permits. The 1986 Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan estimated the number of dwelling units that could be built as a result of the application of the General Plan density ranges to individual projects. For the entire city at buildout, the estimate was 54,599 dwelling units (21,121 existing units plus 33,478 future units), which resulted in an estimated buildout population of 135,000. The plan further divided the estimated future dwelling units among four city quadrants (the axis of the quadrants is El Camino Real and Palomar Airport Road), as follows: 10-70 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Northwest Quadrant–5,844 units; Northeast Quadrant–6,166 units; Southwest Quadrant–10,667 units; Southwest Quadrant–10,801 units. The purpose of this estimate was to provide an approximate ultimate number of future dwelling units and population citywide and for each quadrant for facility planning purposes. The city’s Capital Improvement Plan, Growth Management Plan, and public facilities plans are all based on this estimate. To ensure that all necessary public facilities will be available concurrent with the need to serve new development, it was necessary to set a limit on the number of future residen- tial dwelling units which can be constructed in the city based on the estimate. On November 4, 1986, Carlsbad voters passed Proposition E, which ratified the Growth Management Plan and “locked in” the maximum future dwelling units in each of the four city quadrants per the estimates specified in the Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan. Proposition E also mandated that the city not approve any General Plan amendment, zone change, tentative subdivision map or other discretionary approval that could result in future residential develop- ment above the dwelling unit limit in any quadrant. This mandate will remain in effect unless changed by a majority vote of the Carlsbad electorate. Local Facilities Management Plan To facilitate effective implementation of the Growth Management Plan, the city is split into 25 different facility zones, each of which requires the preparation of a Local Facilities Management Plan (LFMP) prior to approving develop- ment in the affected zone. The LFMP seeks to ensure that development does not occur unless adequate public facilities and services exist or will be provided concurrent with new development. These plans are not seen as a constraint to development, but rather as a vehicle to provide information upfront about the capacity and availability of infrastructure. LFMPs have been adopted for all 25 facility zones. Growth Management Control Point Density Before Proposition E was drafted in 1986, one major concern was how best to link development to the provision of public facilities and also assure that once the facilities were installed subsequent development would not exceed their capaci- ties. When Proposition E was drafted, it created for each residential general plan designation a “Growth Management Control Point” (GMCP) density (dwelling units per acre) at approximately the mid-point of the associated density range (Table 10-33). The purpose of the GMCP density is to ensure residential development does not exceed the dwelling unit caps established for each quadrant. A development may not exceed the GMCP density unless the following three findings can be made: 10-71 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10• The project will provide sufficient public facilities for the density in excess of the GMCP to ensure that the adequacy for the city’s public facilities plans will not be adversely impacted; • There have been sufficient developments approved in the quadrant at den- sities below the GMCP to cover the units in the project above the control point so that approval will not result in exceeding the quadrant dwelling unit limit; and • All necessary public facilities required by the Growth Management Plan will be constructed or are guaranteed to be constructed concurrently with the need for them created by the development and in compliance with adopted city standards. The Growth Management Plan does not prohibit densities that exceed the maximum of the R-30 designation; instead the program requires the findings above to be made. Excess Dwelling Units To ensure dwelling unit caps in each of the quadrants are not exceeded, Carlsbad developed a tracking system to account for projects approved both below and above the GMCP. Projects that have developed below the GMCP, for example, generate “excess dwelling units.” Likewise, proposals approved at a density above the GMCP can use these excess units as long as the use of excess units does not cause the quadrant dwelling unit limit to be exceeded. City Council Policy Statement No. 43 specifies that residential projects must provide the minimum amount of affordable housing required by the city’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance to be eligible for an allocation of excess dwelling units. An allocation of excess dwelling units is considered an incentive and, therefore, the council’s policy is applicable to both ownership and rental housing projects. Limiting the use of excess dwelling units to projects that provide affordable housing supports the city’s ability to achieve the programs of this Housing Element. The following projects approved over the past five years provide a good represen- tation of the developments that have contributed and utilized excess dwelling: • Ocean Street Residences (2008). A 35 unit condominium project includ- ing seven affordable units; approved below the GMCP of 11.5 du/ac; created 15 excess dwelling units. • Seascape (2008). Twelve lot single family residential subdivision that included two affordable housing units; approved above the GMCP of 3.2 du/ac; utilized five excess dwelling units. • Tabata Ranch (2009). General Plan amendment changed the land use designation from RM (4-8 du/ac) to RLM (0-4 du/ac); created 12 excess dwelling units. 10-72 City of Carlsbad Housing10 • Tavarua Senior Apartments (2011). A 50 unit affordable senior housing project; approved at 55.5 du/ac, above the GMCP of 6 du/ac; utilized 44 excess dwelling units. • Dos Colinas (2012). A 305 unit continuing care community including 24 affordable housing units; created 111 excess dwelling units. • Rancho Milagro (2012). A 19 unit single family subdivision; required to construct three affordable dwelling units or purchase credits for three units in an affordable housing project; approved below the GMCP of 3.2 du/ac; created 34 excess dwelling units. • Vista La Costa Apartments (2012). A 19 unit apartment project approved at 21.6 du/ac, above the GMCP of 19 du/ac; required to purchase credits for three units in an affordable housing project; utilized excess dwelling units. • Housing Element Program 2.1 Barrio (2013). General Plan amendment and zone change to increase allowed densities throughout the Barrio area; included the creation of the R-30 (23-30 du/ac) land use designation; implemented Program 2.1 of the 2005-2010 Housing Element; utilized 574 excess dwelling units. • Quarry Creek Master Plan. General Plan amendment, zone change and master plan to allow for the development of 327 dwelling units at a density of 21.3 and 21.5 du/ac, 95 units at 16.7 du/ac, and 214 units at 13.7 du/ac; implemented Program 2.1 of the 2005-2010 Housing Element; utilized 343 excess dwelling units. As the above list demonstrates, excess dwelling units are created (when devel- opment is approved below the GMCP) and utilized (when development is approved above the GMCP); the list also demonstrates that affordable housing can be achieved even when a project is approved at a density below the GMCP, due to the city’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance. Prior to 2004, development below the GMCP was primarily due to housing market conditions, including the desirability of building low density projects. Other reasons for developing below the GMCP include environmental constraints, such as topography and sensitive habitat. However, approving densities below the GMCP is now more difficult due to Government Code Section 65863, which incorporates state legis- lation (SB 2292) passed in 2004. More details about this law may be found in the section below on mitigating opportunities. Mitigating Opportunities The capacity (number of units) for each site appropriate for lower and moderate income housing identified in the sites inventory in Section 10.3 assumes devel- opment will take place at the minimum density of the density range. Therefore, none of the sites require the use of excess dwelling units to accommodate the RHNA. As a result, the Growth Management Plan and GMCP density do not serve as constraints to development. 10-73 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10 As shown in Table 10-34, the capacity of the General Plan, including the sites inventory for this Housing Element, does not exceed the dwelling unit limits established by the Growth Management Plan and Proposition E. General Plan capacity in Table 10-34 is based on the GMCP density for all sites, including those that can accommodate the RHNA; as mentioned above, the capacity used for the sites inventory for this Housing Element is based on minimum density, which further demonstrates that the sites can accommodate the RHNA and not be constrained by the dwelling unit limits in each quadrant. Government Code 65863 California Government Code Section 65863 prohibits local governments, with certain exceptions, from approving residential projects at a density below that used to demonstrate compliance with Housing Element law. For Carlsbad, this Housing Element utilizes the minimum density (for lower and moderate income sites) to demonstrate compliance with Housing Element law. If a reduction in residential density for any parcel would result in the remaining sites identified in the Housing Element not being adequate to accommodate the city’s share of the regional housing need, the city may reduce the density on that parcel provided it identifies sufficient additional, adequate, and available sites with an equal or greater residential density so that there is no net loss of residen- tial unit capacity. Provisions for a Variety of Housing Types Carlsbad’s Zoning Ordinance accommodates a range of housing types in the community. Housing types permitted include standard single-family and multi- family housing, mobile homes, second units, mixed-use opportunities, as well as housing to meet special housing needs, such as farm labor housing, and housing for persons with disabilities. Table 10-35 summarizes and the following text describes the types of housing permitted in each residential and commercial zone. TabLE 10–34: aNaLYSIS OF IDENTIFIED SITES COMPaRED TO QUaDRaNT DWELLING UNIT LIMITS QUADRANT EXISTING UNITS GENERAL PLAN CAPACITY1 QUADRANT DWELLING UNIT LIMIT2 REMAINING FUTURE UNITS Northwest 12,228 15,097 15,370 273 Northeast 5,933 9,0423 9,042 03 Southwest 10,151 11,512 12,859 1,347 Southeast 16,128 16,669 17,328 659 1 Includes existing units and undeveloped General Plan capacity (based on GMCP). 2 Based on Proposition E (1986). 3 When the General Plan update, including this Housing Element, is approved by the City Council, the capacity of one or more of the sites in the sites inventory may need to be reduced to ensure compliance with the Growth Management dwelling unit limit for the northeast quadrant. The “General Plan Capacity” and “Remaining Future Units” referenced above will be updated upon approval of the General Plan update; in no event will the quadrant dwelling unit limit be exceeded; also, the sites inventory will remain adequate to accommodate the city’s RHNA. 10-74 City of Carlsbad Housing10 TabLE 10–35: HOUSING TYPES bY ZONING CaTEGORY USES E-A R-E R-A R-1 R-2 R-3 R-P R-W R-DM R-T RMHP C-1, C-2, C-L PC Single Family Homes (detached) A P P P P P3 P1,2 P1 P1,2 P P Single Family Homes (attached) P3 P P P4 P P P P Multi-Family Housing P5,6 P6 P6 P6 P6 P P7 P6 Second Dwelling Units A8 A8 A8 A8 A8 A8 A8 A8 A8 A8 Mobile Homes A P P P P P1 P1 P1 P1 P P P Large Residential Care Facility (>6 persons) C C4 C C Small Residential Care Facility (≤6 persons) A P P P P P P4 P P P9 P9 P9 P Supportive Housing (>6 persons) C9 C9 C9 C9 Supportive Housing (≤6 persons) P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 Transitional Housing (>6 persons) C9 C9 C9 C9 Transitional Housing (≤6 persons) P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 P9 A=Permitted Accessory Use; P=Permitted Use; C=Conditionally Permitted Use 1 Single-family dwellings are permitted when developed as two or more detached units on one lot. Also, one single -family dwelling shall be permitted on any legal lot that existed as of September 28, 2004, and which is designated and zoned for residential use. 2 When the zone implements the R-8 land use designation. 3 Subject to approval of a planned development permit. 4 When the zone implements the R-15 or R-23 land use designation. 5 A multi-family dwelling with a maximum of four (4) units may be erected when the side lot line of a lot abuts R-P, commercial or industrial zoned lots, but in no case shall the property consist of more than one lot, or be more than 90 feet in width. 6 Development of four or more multi-family dwellings requires approval of a site development plan. 7 Permitted when located above the ground floor of a multistory commercial building and subject to approval of a site development plan. 8 Accessory to single-family dwelling only. 9 As adopted by the City Council, October 2, 2012. Coastal Commission review expected in 2014. Sources: City of Carlsbad Municipal Code, 2011; Carlsbad Planning Division, 2012. 10-75 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Multi-Family Units Multi-family units comprise roughly 29 percent of Carlsbad’s housing stock and are permitted in six of the city’s residential zones. Two-family units are permitted in the R-2, R-3, R-DM, R-W, and PC zones, while multi-family uses up to four units are permitted in the R-2 zone when the side lot line of a lot abuts R-P, commercial, or industrial zoned lots. Larger multi-family projects are permitted in the R-3, R-DM, R-W, and PC zones with approval of a Site Devel- opment Plan. Second Dwelling Units Second dwelling units are permitted as an accessory use to a one-family dwelling in the R-E, R-A, R-1, R-2, R-3, R-P, R-W, R-DM, and R-T zones. Manufactured Housing and Mobile Homes State housing law requires communities to allow manufactured housing by right on lots zoned for single-family dwellings. However, the city can regulate the architectural design of a manufactured home or mobile home. The city’s current requirements for manufactured housing and mobile homes comply with state law. Mobile home parks are also permitted in the RMHP zone. Transitional Housing and Supportive Housing Transitional housing is a type of housing used to facilitate the movement of homeless individuals and families to permanent housing. Transitional housing can take several forms, including group quarters with beds, single-family homes, and multi-family apartments and typically offers case management and support services to return people to independent living (usually between 6 and 24 months). Supportive housing has no limit on length of stay and is linked to onsite or offsite services that assist the supportive housing resident in retaining housing, improving his or her health status, and maximizing his or her ability to live and, when possible, work in the community. Target population includes adults with low incomes having one or more physical or development disability, including mental illness, HIV or AIDS, substance abuse, or other chronic health con- ditions. This may also include families with children, elderly persons, young adults aging out of the foster care system, individuals exiting from institutional settings, veterans, or homeless people. Similar to transitional housing, supportive housing can take several forms, including group quarters with beds, single-family homes, and multi-family apartments. Supportive housing usually includes a service component either on- or off-site to assist the tenants in retaining the housing, improving his or her health status, and maximizing his or her ability to live and, when possible, work in the community. 10-76 City of Carlsbad Housing10 In order to implement Program 3.15 of the 2005-2010 Housing Element, the City Council adopted a Zoning Ordinance amendment in October 2012 that identified transitional and supportive housing as either permitted by right or conditionally permitted uses in all residential zones, as shown in Table 10-35, and in commercial zones where residential is permitted. However, during its review of this Housing Element, HCD noted that the amended ordinance does not meet the full requirements of SB2. Specifically, the ordinance could poten- tially impose conditions on transitional and supportive housing (i.e., occupancy limits) that it does not impose on other residential dwellings of the same type in the same zones. As a result, this Housing Element includes a program (Program 3.14) to amend the city’s Zoning Ordinance to fully comply with state law. Emergency Shelters An emergency shelter is a facility that houses homeless persons on a limited short-term basis. In order to implement Program 3.14 of the 2005-2010 Housing Element and comply with SB2, the city adopted a Zoning Ordinance amendment in September 2012 to permit emergency shelters by right in the industrial zones, which are well served by major transportation and bus routes and have some commercial services. (The La Posada de Guadalupe homeless shelter discussed below is in the Heavy Industrial (M) Zone.) In these zones, year-round shelters with up to 30 persons or beds are permitted by right; larger shelters are con- ditionally permitted. The amendment also provided basic standards. The city anticipates the Coastal Commission will act on the amendment in early 2014. Within the Planned Industrial (P-M) and M zones there are at least 27 acres that may be appropriate for emergency shelters. These sites are vacant and not con- strained by airport noise and safety hazards; or private conditions, covenants, and restrictions or a zoning overlay that prohibit residential uses. In addition, following a period of significant office and industrial construction in the early 2000s, the city has high vacancy rates for both office and industrial uses (29.3 percent and 14.6 percent, respectively)5, providing an opportunity for emergency shelters to locate in vacant buildings. While the existing La Posada de Guadalupe homeless/farmworker housing facility accommodates the current estimates of homeless persons in the city (110 in 2012, as described in Section 10.2), there may be additional need (e.g., for women and families) in the future that can be accommodated on these sites. As with all uses locating in the P-M or M zones, siting an emergency shelter will require consideration be given to the presence of surrounding industrial uses that may employ chemicals or hazardous materials or procedures that could pose a threat. Such surrounding uses may render a potential emergency shelter location as unsuitable or may require additional building requirements. It is not possible to determine if such conditions exist until a specific site is identified. 5 City of Carlsbad, “Working Paper #2, The Local Economy, Business Diversity and Tourism”, 2010. 10-77 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10In 2012, Catholic Charities began construction to rebuild and expand the current year-round La Posada de Guadalupe homeless shelter to provide addi- tional farmworker housing. The project is funded in part by a Community Development Block Grant and a $2 million grant from the city’s Agriculture Conversion Mitigation Fund (see Section 10.3 for more information). Following reconstruction, this facility will feature 50-70 beds for farmworkers in addition to the 50-beds that currently serve farmworkers and homeless men. Addi- tionally, the city’s funding grant stipulated that the farmworker portion of the shelter expansion be converted to accommodate homeless persons, including families, should agriculture in Carlsbad ever diminish to the point that farm- worker housing is unnecessary. The city has also provided funding to North County Solutions for Change (Solutions) to assist them in the development of affordable housing to be used by families graduating from their homeless prevention program. Approximately 10 Carlsbad residents are served by the prevention program each year. In 2012, the City Council authorized Solutions to use city allocated funds to assist them in acquiring an existing 47 unit apartment complex in the City of Vista (the high cost of land made it difficult to find a cost effective site in Carlsbad). Solutions completed the rehabilitation of the apartments in Vista and is moving formerly homeless families into the complex. The city also participates in regional homeless programs. Most recently, Carlsbad supported through funding the multi-jurisdictional North County Regional Winter Shelter Program. One of the shelters participating in this Program is La Posada de Guadalupe. Carlsbad is also served by other homeless shelters and programs as identified in Table 10-13. Farm Labor Housing The city permits agriculture as a permitted use in many zones, including: • Exclusive Agricultural (E-A) • Residential Agricultural (R-A) • Rural Residential Estate (R-E) • One-Family Residential (R-1) • Two-Family Residential (R-2) • Multiple-Family Residential (R-3) • Open Space (O-S) While the city has established a zoning district of Exclusive Agricultural (E-A), only three, small scattered properties are zoned E-A. Pursuant to the State Employee Housing Act (Section 17000 of the Health and Safety Code), employee housing for agricultural workers consisting of no more 10-78 City of Carlsbad Housing10 than 36 beds in a group quarters or 12 units or spaces designed for use by a single family or household is permitted by right in an agricultural land use designa- tion. Therefore, for properties that permit agricultural uses by right, a local jurisdiction may not treat employee housing that meets the above criteria any differently than an agricultural use. Furthermore, any employee housing providing accommodations for six or fewer employees shall be deemed a single-family structure with a residential land use designation, according to the Employee Housing Act. Employee housing for six or fewer persons is permitted where a single-family residence is permitted. No conditional or special use permit or variance is required. To comply with Health and Safety Code Section 17021.6 and implement Program 3.13 in the 2005-2010 Housing Element, a Zoning Ordinance amendment was adopted by the City Council in October 2012. The amendment permits farm- worker housing by right or conditionally where agricultural uses are also permitted by right or conditionally, respectively. The city anticipates that the Coastal Commission will act on the amendment in early 2014. Alternative Housing State law requires housing elements to identify zoning to encourage and facil- itate housing for extremely low income households, including single-room occupancy units (SROs). To implement Program 3.13 in the 2005-2010 Housing Element and expand housing opportunities for extremely-low-income households, in September 2012 the City Council approved an amendment to the Village Master Plan and Design Manual to conditionally permit and establish standards for managed living units” in certain districts of the Village area. A managed living unit is designed and intended for transient occupancy of daily, weekly or longer tenancy or permanent residency, providing sleeping or living facilities for one or two persons, in which a full bathroom and a partial kitchen are provided. The amendment fulfilled program objectives by providing standards for a viable housing option for lower-income persons. The city anticipates that the Coastal Commission will act on the amendment in early 2014. The city has not identi- fied any additional barriers to the development of alternative housing solutions for very and extremely low income housing. Licensed Community Care Facilities The California Health and Safety Code requires that certain community care facilities serving six or fewer persons be permitted by right in residential zones. Moreover, such facilities cannot be subject to requirements (develop- ment standards, fees, etc.) more stringent than single-family homes in the same district. The Carlsbad Zoning Ordinance states that residents and operators of a residential care facility serving six or fewer persons are considered a “family” for 10-79 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10purposes of any zoning regulation relating to residential use of such facilities. Therefore, small residential care facilities are permitted under the same con- ditions and in the same locations as detached and attached single-family and multi-family dwellings. Residential care facilities serving more than six persons are conditionally permitted in the R-3, R-D-M and C-2 zones and the R-P zone when that zone implements the R15, R23, or R30 land use designation. The city has no distance requirements for residential care facilities. Conditions for approval relate to setback and parking requirements, compatibility with surrounding uses, ingress/egress, consistency with the General Plan and other city plans, requirements by the city’s Fire Department, and compliance with State Department of Social Services licensing requirements. Furthermore, the Zoning Ordinance provides that, on appeal, the City Council may modify these requirements provided that the modifications would not impact the health and safety of the residents. The city’s conditions for approval have not served to constrain the development of residential care facilities in Carlsbad. According to the State Department of Social Services Licensing Division, 31 licensed resi- dential care facilities for elderly and adults are located in Carlsbad, providing over 2,200 beds. Among these facilities, 11 have more than six beds. Housing for Persons with Disabilities The State Housing Element law requires a jurisdiction review its policies and regulations regarding housing for persons with disabilities. Zoning and Land Use. The city of Carlsbad complies with the State law, allowing small licensed community care facilities for six and fewer persons by right. Facilities serving more than six persons are conditionally permitted in the R-3, R-D-M, C-2 and R-P zones (see discussion above under “Licensed Community Care Facilities”). Furthermore, the Carlsbad Zoning Ordinance provides for the development of multi-family housing in the R-2, R-3, R-P, R-W, R-DM, and P-C (as provided through master plans) zones. Regular multi-family housing for persons with special needs, such as apartments for seniors and the disabled, are consid- ered regular residential uses permitted by right in these zones. The city’s land use policies and zoning provisions do not constrain the development of such housing. Definition of Family. Although the city does not differentiate between related and unrelated individuals living together in its definition of “family,” HCD commented in the last Housing Element update that the terms in the defini- tion, “reasonable number of persons” and “bona fide housekeeping unit”, posed a constraint to housing and were potentially discriminatory. The city removed these terms from the definition of “family” to eliminate any potential or perceived constraint to development. The amendment was adopted by City Council in 2010 and approved by the Coastal Commission in 2011. 10-80 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Building Codes. The city enforces Title 24 of the California Code of Regulations that regulates the access and adaptability of buildings to accommodate persons with disabilities. No unique restrictions are in place that would constrain the development of housing for persons with disabilities. Compliance with pro- visions of the Code of Regulations, California Building Standards Code, and federal Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) is assessed and enforced by the Building Division as a part of the building permit submittal. Reasonable Accommodation Procedure. Both the Fair Housing Act and the California Fair Employment and Housing Act direct local governments to make reasonable accommodations (i.e. modifications or exceptions) in their zoning laws and other land use regulations when such accommodations may be necessary to afford disabled persons an equal opportunity to use and access housing. To provide individuals with disabilities such reasonable accommo- dation, the city adopted a Zoning Ordinance amendment in 2011 to establish a procedure for requests for reasonable accommodation. The amendment was approved by the Coastal Commission in March 2013. Mitigating Opportunities The city recognizes the importance of providing a variety of housing options to meet the varied needs of its residents. With respect to emergency shelters, the city will continue to participate financially in regional programs, such as the North County Regional Winter Shelter Program, which utilizes the La Posada de Guadalupe men’s homeless/farmworker shelter in Carlsbad and other emergency shelters to provide emergency shelter in the local area. The city’s reg- ulations do not represent a constraint to development of the other housing types described above. Residential Development Standards Carlsbad regulates the type, location, appearance, and scale of residential devel- opment primarily through the Zoning Ordinance. Zoning regulations are designed to maintain the quality of neighborhoods, protect the health, safety, and general welfare of the community, and implement the policies of the city’s General Plan. Table 10-36 summarizes the residential development standards in Carlsbad. Overall, the city’s development standards are typical and consistent with a community that is constrained by its hilly topography. Density is regulated by the General Plan land use designation as demonstrated in Table 10-36. 10-81 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10TabLE 10–36: baSIC RESIDENTIaL DEVELOPMENT STaNDaRDS CHARACTERISTIC OF LOT, LOCATION AND HEIGHT R-E R-A R-1 R-2 R-3 RD-M R-W R-T R-P RMHP V-R Minimum Net Lot Area (in square feet) Minimum Lot Width (feet) 300’60’- 80’ 60’- 80’ 60’- 80’ 60’60’40’–60’- 80’ 50’n/a Maximum Lot Coverage 20%40%40%50%60%60%75%–60%75%60- 100%8 Minimum Setbacks (feet) Front 70’20’1 20’1 20’1 20’1 10’- 20’3 10’20’20’1 5’0’-20’8 Side 15’- 50’ 5’- 10’2 5’- 10’2 5’- 10’2 5’- 10’2 0’- 10’5 4’-8’6 5’- 10’7 5’- 10’2 3’0’-10’8 Rear 30’10’- 20’ 10’- 20’ 10’- 20’ 10’- 20’ 10’8’20’20’4 3’0’-10’8 Maximum Height (in feet) 35’24’- 35’ 24’- 35’ 24’- 35’ 35’35’35’35’35’–30’- 45’8 1 For key lots and lots which side upon commercially or industrially zoned property, the minimum setback is 15 feet. 2 Interior lot side yards must have a minimum setback of 10 percent of the lot width, but not less than 5 feet and need not exceed 10 feet. Corner lot side yards facing the street must be 10 feet and extend the length of the lot. 3 A minimum of 15-foot setback permitted providing carport or garage openings do not face the front yard: a minimum of 10 feet permitted, pro- vided carport or garage openings do not face the yard and that the remaining front yard is landscaped with a combination of flowers, shrubs, trees, and irrigated with a sprinkler system. 4 Equal to 20 percent of lot width, need not exceed 20 feet. 5 Interior lot side yards must have a minimum setback of 5 feet. Corner lot side yards facing the street must be a minimum of 10 feet; exceptions can be made to allow a 0-foot interior side yard setback and 5-foot street side yard setback on a corner lot. 6 Interior lot side yards must have a minimum setback of 4 feet. Corner lot side yards facing the street must be a minimum of 8 feet. 7 Interior lot side yards must have a minimum setback of 10 feet on one side of the lot and a minimum of 5 feet on the other side. Corner lot side yards facing the street must be 10 feet and extend the length of the lot. 8 In the Village Review (V-R) Zone, development standards vary by district. Additionally, the City Council may modify standards on a case-by-case basis, in order to facilitate affordable housing or promote “green building” (e.g., LEED certification) design. Source: City of Carlsbad, 2011. 10-82 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Parking Parking requirements in Carlsbad vary depending on housing type and antici- pated parking needs (Table 10-37). The city’s parking standards are the same as or lower than many communities in the San Diego region and therefore do not serve to constrain residential development.6 Furthermore, the city has a dem- onstrated history of making concessions (i.e. reduced parking requirements) in order to facilitate affordable housing development. The city has also approved reduced parking standards and increased densities to foster redevelopment in the Village. On- and Off-Site Improvements Requirements for on- and off-site improvements vary depending on the presence of existing improvements, as well as the size and nature of the proposed development. In general, most residential areas in Carlsbad are served with existing infrastructure. Developers are responsible for all on-site improve- ments, including parking, landscaping, open space development, walkways, and all utility connections. On- and off-site improvement standards are specified in the General Design Standards developed by the city’s Land Development Engineering Division. The General Design Standards provide standards for: public streets and traffic; 6 Parking standards for the cities of Escondido, Oceanside, San Marcos, Santee, and Vista, and the County of San Diego were reviewed. These communities have adopted parking standards that are similar, indicating fairly consistent parking requirements in the region. TabLE 10–37: PaRKING REQUIREMENTS USE PARKING REQUIREMENT Detached and attached single family dwellings in R-1, R-A, E-A and RE Zones 2 spaces per unit in a garage. Planned Unit Developments or Condominiums Detached or attached single family dwellings: 2 spaces per unit in a garage. Condominiums: - Studio and 1-bedrom: 1.5 covered spaces per unit - 2+Bedrooms: 2.0 covered spaces per unit Guest parking: 0.3 spaces per unit (<10 units); 0.25 spaces per unit (over 10 units) Apartments Studio and 1-bedroom: 1.5 spaces per unit 2+ Bedrooms: 2.0 spaces per unit Guest parking: 0.3 spaces per unit (<10 units); 0.25 spaces per unit (over 10 units) Mobile homes in mobile home parks 2.0 spaces per mobile home plus 1.0 guest space per 4 units. Second dwelling units 1.0 space per unit. Residential care facilities 2.0 spaces plus one guest space per three beds. Housing for seniors 1.5 spaces per unit plus one guest space per five units. Source: City of Carlsbad Municipal Code, 2012. 10-83 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10private streets and driveways; drainage and storm drains; sewer lines; and grading and erosion controls. The city’s fee structure includes some on- and off-site improvements. Off-site improvement fees include drainage and sewer facility fees, school fees, park land fees, and public facility fees, among others. Mitigating Opportunities Pursuant to state density bonus law, the city offers density increases above the maximum of the density range and/or in-lieu incentives in order to facilitate the development of housing affordable to lower and moderate income house- holds. Depending on the percentage of affordable units and level of affordability, a maximum density bonus of 35 percent may be achieved. Pursuant to the city’s Zoning Ordinance, incentives in-lieu of density increases may include the following: • A reduction in site development standards or a modification of Zoning Ordinance requirements or architectural design requirements that exceed the minimum building standards approved by the State Building Standards Commission; • Approval of mixed use zoning in conjunction with the housing development; • Other regulatory incentives or concessions proposed by the developer or the city which result in identifiable cost reductions; • Partial or additional density bonus; • Subsidized or reduced planning, plan check or permit fees; and • Direct financial aid including, but not limited to the city’s Affordable Housing Trust Fund, Community Development Block Grant funding, or subsidizing infrastructure, land cost or construction costs or other incen- tives of equivalent financial value based upon the land costs per dwelling unit. Furthermore, developments meeting state density bonus requirements may use the state’s parking standards: • Studio and one-bedroom: one parking space • Two- and three-bedroom: two parking spaces • Four or more bedrooms: 2.5 parking spaces These requirements include guest and handicapped parking. To grant a state density bonus, the city must be able to make the findings specified in state density bonus law. An allocation of excess dwelling units (discussed previously in this section) must also be granted. To be eligible for a state density 10-84 City of Carlsbad Housing10 bonus, a project must include the development of affordable housing; therefore, the project is also eligible for an allocation of excess dwelling units. The city’s policy regarding excess dwelling units does not conflict with the city’s ability to grant a state density bonus. Development Review Process City Review One of the City Council’s four key priorities for fiscal year 2011-2012 was to streamline city processes to support faster development review processing times and more efficient handling of business requests and services. To that end, the City Council directed city staff to find ways to forge a stronger partnership with the development community and improve the efficiency of the develop- ment review process for the developer, community members, and city staff. A working group developed a set of initiatives including reducing the time period for project reviews, extending the validity period for permits, changing rules for decision-making, and creating manuals and guidelines to clarify and illustrate regulations. In addition, a Development Review Team meets monthly to monitor major projects and make sure they stay on track. Another city initiative was the consolidation of most of the staff involved in development review (Housing and Neighborhood Services, Planning, Land Design Engineering, Building, and Economic Development) into a single department, Community & Economic Development. This clarified communi- cation lines for both project applicants and city staff. Most of the initiatives have been implemented. One initiative that requires an amendment to the Zoning Ordinance will become effective when the Coastal Commission acts on the related Local Coastal Program Amendment (anticipated in 2014). Carlsbad’s review process depends on the project type and complexity, and whether a major variation in development standards, land use, or operating conditions is requested. If the proposed project involves ownership units, then either a tentative tract map or parcel map is required. If condominium ownership is proposed, then a Planned Unit Development (PUD) permit is required. This PUD process allows review of project design features, such as architecture, site design, landscaping, and recreation areas. Zoning Ordinance Chapter 21.45 contains the standards required for projects subject to a PUD; the chapter also provides the necessary approval findings and references applicable City Council policies specifying architectural and neighborhood design. The discretionary review process for rental apartments is more straightfor- ward. Apartment projects with no more than four units are allowed by right in multi-family zones, provided they meet General Plan density thresholds. Since only a building permit is required, apartment complexes with four or fewer units provide an opportunity for infill of underutilized sites. Apartment 10-85 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10developments with more than four units must submit a Site Development Plan (SDP) application that is subject to approval by the Planning Commission. The Planning Commission review of the SDP pertains only to design features of the development since the residential use is allowed by right. According to Zoning Ordinance Section 21.53.120, SDPs are also required for rental or ownership affordable housing projects of any size. “Affordable housing” is defined in the Zoning Ordinance as “housing for which the allowable housing expenses for a for-sale or rental dwelling unit paid by a household would not exceed thirty percent of the gross monthly income for target income levels, adjusted for household size.” Review of SDPs for affordable housing projects follows the timeframes discussed below. Processing of SDPs is explained in Zoning Ordinance Chapter 21.06. As mentioned previously, review of the SDP focuses only on design features, not the residential use. An identification of these design features or development standards is listed in Section 21.53.120 (c) as follows: • The development standards of the underlying zone and/or any applicable specific or master plan, except for affordable housing projects as expressly modified by the SDP. • The SDP for affordable housing projects may allow less restrictive devel- opment standards than specified in the underlying zone or elsewhere provided that the project is consistent with all applicable policies (such as the General Plan) and ordinances • In the Coastal Zone, any project requiring a SDP shall be consistent with all certified local coastal program provisions, with the exception of density. • Through the SDP process, the Planning Commission or the City Council may impose special conditions or requirements that are more restrictive than the development standards in the underlying zone or elsewhere that include provisions for, but are not limited to the following: –Density of use; –Compatibility with surrounding properties; –Parking standards; –Setbacks, yards, active and passive open space required as part of the entitlement process, and on-site recreational facilities; –Height and bulk of buildings; –Fences and walls; –Signs; –Additional landscaping; 10-86 City of Carlsbad Housing10 –Grading, slopes and drainage; –Time period within which the project or any phases of the project shall be completed; –Points of ingress and egress; –Other requirements to ensure consistency with the General Plan or other adopted documents; and –On- or off-site public improvements. To assist applicant certainty regarding the standards that would be applied, documents such as the Zoning Ordinance and other planning requirements applicable to multi-family developments are available from the Carlsbad Planning Division via mail, email, online, or in person. Applicable provisions as well as application forms and fee information may be found on the division’s website at http://www.carlsbadca.gov/planning/index.html. Additionally, Zoning Ordinance Section 21.06.020 establishes the approval findings for SDPs. These findings are as follows: That the requested use is properly related to the site, surroundings and envi- ronmental settings, is consistent with the various elements and objectives of the General Plan, will not be detrimental to existing uses or to uses specifically permitted in the area in which the proposed use is to be located, and will not adversely impact the site, surroundings or traffic circulation; That the site for the intended use is adequate in size and shape to accommodate the use; That all of the yards, setbacks, walls, fences, landscaping, and other features necessary to adjust the requested use to existing or permitted future uses in the neighborhood will be provided and maintained, and; That the street system serving the proposed use is adequate to properly handle all traffic generated by the proposed use. These findings, and the development standards that are applicable to multi- family development, are specific to the design of the project and its site, and the project’s compatibility with its surroundings and serving infrastructure. Fur- thermore, they are readily available to a project applicant. Sites for high density development in the city are located according to General Plan standards to help ensure they are in locations compatible with their surroundings and appropri- ately located near adequate services and transportation networks. Carlsbad offers a preliminary review process to potential applicants. For a reduced application fee and minimal submittal requirements, applicants will receive detailed information on the standards and processing applicable for their anticipated projects, including comments from the city’s Community and 10-87 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Economic Development Department (Building, Land Development Engineer- ing, and Planning Divisions), and Fire Prevention. The timeframe for processing required permits can vary, depending on the size and type of development, permits required, and approving entity (Table 10-38). Typical processing time for a single-family home is two to three weeks, while larger subdivisions can take eight to 12 months (from the application date to approval date). California Coastal Commission The city has obtained Coastal Development Permit jurisdiction for five of the six Local Coastal Plan (LCP) segments (excluding the Agua Hedionda LCP segment) within its boundaries. Development within these five LCP segments of the coastal zone consistent with the Local Coastal Program is not required to be reviewed by the Coastal Commission. Proposed changes to the LCP or ordinances that implement the LCP, such as the Carlsbad Zoning Ordinance, require the filing of a LCP amendment with the Coastal Commission after all city approvals have occurred. The Coastal Com- mission must review and approve these changes before they become effective in the Coastal Zone. This additional review may add a year or more. Since the requirement to file a LCP amendment is applicable to all jurisdictions with Coastal Zones, it is not unique to the City of Carlsbad and does not constitute an actual constraint to housing development. TabLE 10–38: DISCRETIONaRY REVIEWS FOR RESIDENTIaL PROJECTS TYPE OF DEVELOPMENT PERMITS REQUIRED APPROVING ENTITY PROCESSING TIME Single-Family House (1 Unit)Building Permit Building Official 2 – 3 weeks Single-Family Standard Subdivision (1-4 Units) Tentative Parcel Map City Planner1 3 – 6 months Single-Family Small-lot Subdivision (1-4 Units) Tent. Parcel Map PUD Permit City Planner1 4 – 8 months Single-Family or Multi-family Condominiums (1-4 Units) Tent. Parcel Map PUD Permit City Planner1 4 – 8 months Single-Family or Multi-family Apartments (1-4 Units) Building Permit Building Official1 3 – 5 weeks Single-Family Standard Subdivision (5+ Units) Tent. Tract Map Planning Commission 6 – 9 months Single-Family Small-lot Subdivision (5+ Units) Tent. Tract Map PUD Permit Planning Commission 6 – 11 months Single-Family or Multi-family Condominiums (5+ Units) Tent. Tract Map PUD Permit Planning Commission 6 – 11 months Single-Family or Multi-family Apartments (5+ Units) Site Development Plan Planning Commission 6 – 11 months 1 Affordable housing projects of any size require approval of a SDP by the Planning Commission. Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013. 10-88 City of Carlsbad Housing10 San Diego Regional Airport Authority Carlsbad is home to the McClellan-Palomar Airport, a public aviation facility, owned by the County of San Diego. Pursuant to state law, all GPAs, Zoning Ordinance amendments, and Master and Specific Plan amendments that affect land within the airport’s influence area in Carlsbad must be reviewed by the San Diego County Regional Airport Authority (SDCRAA). The SDCRAA has 60 days for the review. However, the City Council has the authority to override the SDCRAA review with a four-fifths vote. Since this requirement is applica- ble to all jurisdictions located near airports/airfields, this requirement is not unique to the City of Carlsbad and does not constitute an actual constraint to housing development. Other potential constraints associated with the airport are discussed in Section 10.4. Mitigating Opportunities The city complies with state requirements for streamlining the permit process- ing procedures. In addition, the city offers priority processing for affordable housing projects, reducing the review time for discretionary permits. Building Codes On January 1, 2011, the 2010 California Building Code and appendices became effective and were adopted by the city, along with local amendments related to administrative procedures (e.g., permit expiration and exemptions). This includes applicable green building, electrical, mechanical, plumbing and fire regulations. Applicants’ plans are reviewed for compliance with the building code before permits are issued. Fees and Exactions The City of Carlsbad collects planning and development fees to cover the costs of processing permits. The city also charges impact fees to recover the cost of providing the necessary public services, infrastructure, and facilities required to serve new residential development. Typical permit fees are presented in Table 10-39. On average, permit and development impact fees total to $54,400 for a typical single-family home and $20,600 for a multi-family unit. It is difficult to compare fees across different communities, since they tend to have different types of fees. For example, Carlsbad may have some fees that are higher, but the city does not have a design review fee as in most adjacent com- munities. Still, a comparative assessment has been undertaken. According to the respective city’s draft housing elements, the neighboring City of Oceanside describes $32,829 - $36,109 for single-family homes and $22,832 - $23,488 per unit for a multi-family project; in the City of San Marcos, fees are estimated at approximately $55,717 per unit in single-family subdivisions and $33,632 per unit 10-89 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10TabLE 10–39: DEVELOPMENT IMPaCT aND PERMIT ISSUaNCE FEE SCHEDULE TYPE FEE administrative Variance $724 Affordable Housing Impact $2,915/du In-Lieu $4,515/du Coastal Development Permit Single Family Lot $1,039 2-4 Units or Lots $2,104 5+ Units or Lot Subdivision $3,425 Environmental Impact Report $19,351 General Plan Amendment 0-5 Acres $4,117 Over 5 Acres $5,939 Habitat Management Permit Minor $533 Major $3,770 Hillside Development Permit Single Family $1,198 Other (Multiple Lots)$2,424 Local Coastal Program amendment $6,019 Local Facilities Management Zone Plan / Amendment $10,000.00/Fee+ Min. Increments of $5,000.00 Master Plan $40,311 Master Plan Pre-Filing Submittal $6,855 Planned Development Minor (4 or fewer units)$2,908 Major (5-50 units)$8,064 Major (51+ units)$12,741 Sewer Connection Fee $1,096 Site Development Plan Minor (<4 units)$4,309 Major (all non-residential)$10,930 Specific Plan $33,669 Tentative Tract Map (Major Subdivision) 5-49 Units/Lots $7,947 50+ Units/Lots $15,883 Traffic Impact Fee Single Family Detached $2,390-$2,810/unit Condominiums $1,192-$2,248/unit Apartments $1,434-$1,686/unit Zone Change <5 acres $4,730 5+ acres $6,408 Source: City of Carlsbad, September 2012. 10-90 City of Carlsbad Housing10 for a typical multi-family project; and the City of Escondido estimates that a developer can expect to pay $39,860 for a typical single-family dwelling unit and $24,247 per unit for a multi-family project. Mitigating Opportunities Carlsbad’s development fees do not unduly constrain the development of affordable housing in the city. Although the city does not waive fees for afford- able housing projects, the city provides financial assistance to most affordable housing projects constructed in Carlsbad using a variety of funding sources, including the Housing Trust Fund, CDBG and HOME Housing Funds. Environmental Constraints Environmental constraints to residential development typically relate to the presence of sensitive habitat, water supply, topography, and other environmen- tal hazards that can limit the amount of development in an area or increase the cost of development. This section analyzes these potential constraints. Endangered Species/Sensitive Habitat Carlsbad contains many areas where native habitat hosts endangered or sensitive species. Protection of many of the species is mandated by federal and state laws. The presence of sensitive or protected habitat and/or species can constrain the amount of developable land. With the high price of land in Carlsbad, this type of constraint on otherwise developable land would make the construction of affordable housing less feasible. Mitigating Opportunities With the adoption of the Habitat Management Plan (HMP) in 2004, the pro- cessing time for housing development and associated costs are reduced. Water Supply Although Carlsbad and the San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA) do not foresee short-term water supply problems, the city cannot guarantee the long-term availability of an adequate water supply. Recent state law requires that the local water purveyor prepare a water supply assessment for larger subdivi- sions to ensure adequate long-term water supply for single-year and multi-year drought conditions prior to issuance of a building permit. The city also actively implements several water conservation programs and has an extensive network for the collection, treatment, and circulation of recycled water for non-pota- ble uses throughout the city. The Carlsbad Desalination project, approved in November 2012, will provide a portion of the potable water needs of the Carlsbad Municipal Water District (CMWD), which serves most of the city. The CMWD Board approved an intent to enter into a 30-year agreement with SDCWA to purchase 2,500 acre-feet/year of desalinated water. This represents 12.5 percent 10-91 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10of the long-term projected water demand, and is an important component of the water district’s strategy to ensure long-term water supply under drought condi- tions. The desalination project is under construction and is due to be completed in 2016. Mitigating Opportunities Pursuant to state law, affordable housing projects should be given priority for water and sewer services if supply or capacity becomes an issue. The CMWD serves approximately 75 percent of the city, providing sewer service to the same area. Both the city and CMWD have adequate capacity and facilities to serve the portion of the city’s remaining RHNA that is within their service areas. The portions of Carlsbad not served by CMWD or the city are located in the southeastern part of Carlsbad, including the community known as “La Costa.” For much of this area, the Leucadia Wastewater District provides sewer service and the Olivenhain Municipal and Vallecitos water districts provide water service (Vallecitos also provides sewer service). None of the sites the city has identified to meet its RHNA are located in the Vallecitos service area and fewer than 10 potential units are located in the Olivenhain district. According to the city’s Growth Management Monitoring Report (FY 2012-13), both districts have indicated their ability to provide sewer and water services to the RHNA units within their respective service areas. Topography Certain topographic conditions can limit the amount of developable land and increase the cost of housing in Carlsbad. For safety and conservation purposes, Carlsbad’s Hillside Development Ordinance does not allow significant amounts of grading without regulatory permits. In addition, land that has slopes over 40 percent is precluded from the adequate sites inventory in Section 10.3. Develop- ment on slopes greater than 25 percent but less than 40 percent is permitted on an area equivalent to half the site area to ensure safety and avoid erosion. Thousands of acres of land in Carlsbad are constrained by topography. Where residential development is permitted on moderate slopes, the cost of improve- ment and construction in these areas increases and can affect the end price of the unit. For safety concerns and the community goal of preserving the unique scenic qualities of hillside topography, these policies on hillside development are necessary. McClellan-Palomar Airport The McClellan-Palomar Airport is located east of the I-5 and north of Palomar Airport Road within the city limits. The significant restrictions to residential development are the airport’s safety zones (1-6) and within certain projected 10-92 City of Carlsbad Housing10 noise contour levels. The safety zones identify areas restricted from certain uses due to potential crash hazards. The projected noise contour levels are used to quantify noise impacts and to determine compatibility with land uses. State noise standards have adopted the 65 CNEL (Community Noise Equivalent Level) as the exterior noise environment not suitable for residential use. Mitigating Opportunities The Carlsbad General Plan Land Use Element designates the area around the airport primarily for industrial and office uses. Multi-family residential devel- opment may be permitted in Safety Zone 6 without restriction, and in Safety Zones 3 and 4 provided density is limited to not more than 20 dwelling units per acre and additional open land is maintained. Any multi-family housing within the 65 CNEL is subject to a noise study and required mitigation measures. None of the city’s sites identified to meet its RHNA are located within a restricted safety zone or 65 CNEL airport noise contour. 10-93 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 1010.5 Review of Previous Housing Element Before devising a new housing plan for the 2013-2020 Housing Element, the city reviewed the housing programs contained in the previous Housing Element (2005-2010, extended through 2012 by SB 575) for effectiveness and continued appropriateness. Appendix A provides a program-by-program discussion of achievements since 2005. The continued appropriateness of each program is also noted. Section 10.6, Housing Plan, of this 2013-2020 Housing Element was subse- quently developed based on the program-by-program review of the previous Housing Element, assessment of current demographic and housing conditions in the community (Section 10.2), resources available (Section 10.3), and con- straints present (Section 10.4). The following summarizes the achievements of the previous Housing Element in terms of housing constructed and preserved. Housing Construction and Progress toward RHNa The following Table 10-40 summarizes the city’s progress in housing construc- tion from 2003 through 2012.The RHNA for the previous planning period totaled 8,376 dwelling units. During this time, there were 6,534 dwelling units constructed in the city. Units were constructed at a range of income levels, though primarily for market-rate housing. However, due to the decline in sales price in Carlsbad since 2006, even market rate units may have been affordable to moderate income households, as shown in Table 10-24. Although not reflected in the table below, the city also helped to finance 50 to 70 additional shelter beds for homeless men and farmworkers. TabLE 10–40: PROGRESS TOWaRD MEETING THE RHNa: 2003-2012 VERY LOW LOW MODERATE ABOVE MODERATE TOTAL RHNA 1,922 1,460 1,583 3,411 8,376 Accomplishments Units Constructed 231 841 459 5,003 6,534 Units Rehabilitated 0 0 0 0 0 Units Conserved 0 0 0 0 0 Total 231 841 459 5,003 6,534 Source: City of Carlsbad, 2012 Annual Housing Element Progress Report. 10-94 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Housing in the Coastal Zone Pursuant to state law, the city monitors housing activities in the Coastal Zone. According to state law, coastal zone demolitions that meet certain criteria are not required to be replaced. One criterion is the demolition of a residential structure containing fewer than three dwelling units or the demolition of multiple residen- tial structures containing 10 or fewer total dwelling units. A total of 13 units have been demolished in Carlsbad’s Coastal Zone during the previous Housing Element period. Among these units, none were subject to replacement requirements. The city’s Inclusionary Housing program resulted in the construction of afford- able units in the Coastal Zone or within three miles of the Coastal Zone. Detailed in Table 10-41 is a tabulation of the housing units constructed and demolished in Carlsbad’s Coastal Zone from 1991 to 2012. Between 2005 and 2012 , 687 housing units were added to the Coastal Zone, of which 25 (4 percent) were affordable to lower-income households. Housing Preservation Overall, the city’s housing stock is new and/or in good condition; therefore, housing preservation activities focused primarily on preserving the affordabil- ity of the units. Between 2005 and 2012, the city implemented the following preservation programs: • In 2010, the city approved the conversion of a mobile home park from rental to a resident-owned park. Affordability of the units is protected pursuant to state law. • In 2012, the City Council approved a $7.4 million residual receipts loan from the Housing Trust Fund for the acquisition of 42 1950’s era duplex units in the Barrio. The intent of the property acquisition is to consolidate the parcels and construct a new 140 unit high density (minimum 23 du/ ac) lower income affordable housing development. TabLE 10–41: COaSTaL ZONE RESIDENTIaL DEVELOPMENT SINGLE-FAMILY MULTIFAMILY DATE ATTACHED DETACHED 2-4 UNITS 5+ UNITS MOBILE HOMES DEMOLITIONS AFFORDABLE UNITS 1991-1999 (July 1, 1991 to June 30, 1999) 134 2,041 307 366 0 16 344 1999-2005 (July 1, 1999 to June 30, 2005) 60 2,381 305 4,837 0 8 456* 2005-2012 (July 1, 2005 to December 31, 2012) 367 12 82 226 0 13 25 *Includes 17 second dwelling units Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013. 10-95 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 1010.6 Housing Plan This section of the Housing Element sets out the city’s long-term housing goals and identifies a menu of shorter-term objectives, policy positions, and programs to achieve the long-term goals. The goals, objectives, policies, and programs comprise a broad-based Housing Plan for the creation of housing opportuni- ties throughout the city. Through this Housing Plan the city demonstrates its understanding of housing needs, as well as its commitment of city resources to accommodate those needs. Fiscal Considerations While the city affirms its commitment towards meeting the community’s housing needs, it is nevertheless incumbent on the city to acknowledge that the Housing Plan is but one of a large number of programs competing for the finite fiscal resources of the city. As such, it is not possible to subject this Housing Plan to strict budgetary scrutiny. In addition, there may be legal requirements affecting future encumbrances of funds, as well as demands in other areas requiring the city to make difficult decisions on budgetary priorities. Defining Goals and Policies The Goals, Policies and Programs section (10.6) of the Housing Plan establishes a policy framework to guide city decision making to meet identified goals. The housing programs outlined later represent actions the city will undertake to promote housing opportunities for all segments of the community. The housing goals are articulated as a general “end condition statement,” which states a desired outcome. The goals do not contain an action verb as they reflect a final statement of what the city will hope to achieve. How the goal will be achieved is established via the subordinate policies and programs. Policies are statements on the position the city takes to implement an objective. Policies contained in the Housing Element are important statements as they reflect the city’s official position on a matter. Future development must be con- sistent with these policies. Designing Housing Programs The housing goals and policies address Carlsbad’s identified housing needs, and are implemented through a series of housing programs offered by the city. Housing programs define the specific actions the city will undertake to achieve the stated goals and policies. Each program identifies the following: Funding: Indicates the sources of funds to be used for each program. When these funds become unavailable, implementation of these programs may not be possible. 10-96 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Lead Agency: Indicates the agency, department, division or authority respon- sible for the program. When more than one agency is listed it is a joint or cooperative effort. The City Council functions as the Housing Authority in carrying out various housing programs. Administration and actual staffing of housing programs are carried out by the Housing and Neighborhood Services Division. Objectives: Indicates the specific objectives to be achieved. Whenever possible, the objectives would be quantified. Time Frame: Indicates the time span for the programs and target year for specific accomplishments or milestones. Unless otherwise stated, the time frame for program implementation is April 30, 2013 through April 29, 2021. 10-97 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 1010.7 Goals, Policies, and Programs Preservation Preserving the existing housing stock and avoiding deterioration that often leads to the need for substantial rehabilitation is one of the city’s goals. In addition, it is important to preserve affordable housing units in the community to maintain adequate housing opportunities for all residents. 10-G.1 Carlsbad’s existing housing stock preserved, rehabilitated, and improved with special attention to housing affordable to lower- income households. 10-P.1 Withhold approval of requests to convert existing rental units to condominiums when the property contains households of low and moderate income, unless findings can be made that a reasonable portion of the units will remain affordable after conversion, or the loss of affordable units is mitigated. 10-P.2 Set aside approximately 20 percent of the rental units acquired by the city or Housing Authority for rehabilitation purposes for households in the very low income range. 10-P.3 Monitor the status of assisted rental housing and explore options for preserving the units “at risk” of converting to market-rate housing. 10-P.4 Seek to reduce or eliminate net loss of existing mobile home rental opportunities available to lower and moderate income households. 10-P.5 Aim to retain and preserve the affordability of mobile home parks. 10-P.6 Survey residential areas periodically to identify substandard and deteriorating housing in need of replacement or rehabilitation. 10-P.7 Provide rehabilitation assistance, loan subsidies, and rebates to lower-income households, special needs households, and senior homeowners to rehabilitate deteriorating homes. 10-P.8 When feasible, acquire rental housing from private owners by utilizing various local, state, and federal funding sources, and rehabilitate deteriorated structures if needed. If acquisition is not feasible, provide incentives to property owners to rehabilitate deteriorating rental units that house lower income households. 10-P.9 Provide a reasonable number of rental units acquired by the city or Housing Authority for rehabilitation purposes to be affordable to households in the extremely and/or very low income range. Program 1.1: Condominium Conversion The city will continue to discourage and/or restrict condominium conversions when such conversions would reduce the number of low or moderate income housing units available throughout the city. All condominium conversions are 10-98 City of Carlsbad Housing10 subject to the city’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance; the in-lieu fees or actual affordable units required by the ordinance would be used to mitigate the loss of affordable rental units from the city’s housing stock. Funding: Housing Trust Fund Lead Agency: Planning Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Continue implementation of the Inclusionary Housing Ordinance and impose inclusionary housing requirements on condominium conversions. Program 1.2: Mobile Home Park Preservation The city will continue to implement the city’s Residential Mobile Home Park zoning ordinance (Municipal Code Chapter 21.37) that sets conditions on changes of use or conversions of mobile home parks, consistent with Govern- ment Code Section 66427.5. The city will also assist lower income tenants of mobile home parks to research the financial feasibility of purchasing their mobile home parks so as to maintain the rents at levels affordable to its tenants. Funding: Housing Trust Fund, state grants and loans Lead Agency: Planning Division, Housing and Neighborhood Services Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Continue to regulate the conversion of mobile home parks in Carlsbad, as permitted by state law. • As appropriate, provide information to mobile home park tenants regard- ing potential tenant purchase of parks and assistance available. Program 1.3: Acquisition/Rehabilitation of Rental Housing The city will continue to provide assistance on a case-by-case basis to preserve the existing stock of lower and moderate income rental housing, including: • Provide loans, grants, and/or rebates to owners of rental properties to make needed repairs and rehabilitation. • As financially feasible, acquire and rehabilitate rental housing that is sub- standard, deteriorating or in danger of being demolished. Set-aside at least 20 percent of the rehabilitated units for extremely- and/or very low income households. 10-99 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10• As appropriate and determined by City Council, provide deferral or subsidy of planning and building fees, and priority processing. Priority will be given to repair and rehabilitation of housing identified by the city’s Building Division as being substandard or deteriorating, and which houses lower income and in some cases moderate income households. Funding: State grants and loans, Housing Trust Fund, CDBG Lead Agency: Housing and Neighborhood Services Division, Building Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Assist in the acquisition and/or rehabilitation of 44 rental housing units between 2013 and 2020. • Contact nonprofit housing developers annually to explore opportunities for acquisition/rehabilitation of rental housing. • As appropriate and as financially feasible, make funding available to non-profit organizations to assist in the acquisition and rehabilitation of existing rental housing. Program 1.4: Rehabilitation of Owner-Occupied Housing As the housing stock ages, the need for rehabilitation assistance may increase. The city will provide assistance to homeowners to rehabilitate deteriorating housing. Eligible activities under this program include such things as repairing faulty plumbing and electrical systems, replacing broken windows, repairing termite and dry-rot damage, and installing home weatherization improve- ments. Assistance may include financial incentives in the form of low interest and deferred payment loans, and rebates. Households targeted for assistance include lower-income and special needs (disabled, large, and senior) households. Funding: Housing Trust Fund, CDBG, state loans and grants Lead Agency: Housing and Neighborhood Services Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Continue to implement the city’s Minor Home Repair Program to provide grants to up to 10 low income households to help improve their single-family homes. Program 1.5: Preservation of At-Risk Housing One project within the city–Santa Fe Ranch Apartments–may be considered as at risk if the owner pays off bonds early. While this is unlikely since the current income at affordable levels is not substantially lower than the potential income at market rates, the city will nonetheless monitor its status. Through monitor- ing, the city will ensure tenants receive proper notification of any changes. The city will also contact nonprofit housing developers to solicit interest in acquiring 10-100 City of Carlsbad Housing10 and managing the property in the event this or any similar project becomes at risk of converting to market rate. Funding: Housing Trust Fund, CDBG, state loans and grants Lead Agency: Housing and Neighborhood Services Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Periodically monitor the at-risk status of the 64 units at Santa Fe Ranch Apartments. • Ensure that the tenants receive proper notification for any action related to rent increases. • Provide tenants with information about other available rental assistance programs. Housing Opportunities A healthy and sustainable community relies on its diversity and its ability to maintain balance among different groups. The city encourages the production of new housing units that offer a wide range of housing types to meet the varied needs of its diverse population. A balanced inventory of housing in terms of unit type (e.g., single-family, apartment, condominium, etc.), cost, and architectural style will allow the city to fulfill a variety of housing needs. 10-G.2 New housing developed with diversity of types, prices, tenures, densities, and locations, and in sufficient quantity to meet the demand of anticipated city and regional growth. 10-P.10 Ensure the availability of sufficient developable acreage in all res- idential densities to accommodate varied housing types to meet Carlsbad’s 2010-2020 Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA), as discussed is Section 10.3 (Resources Available). 10-P.11 Ensure that housing construction is achieved through the use of modified codes and standards while retaining quality design and architecture. 10-P.12 Provide alternative housing opportunities by encouraging adaptive reuse of older commercial or industrial buildings. 10-P.13 Encourage increased integration of housing with nonresidential development where appropriate. 10-P.14 Encourage the use of innovative techniques and designs to promote energy conservation in residential development. Program 2.1: Adequate Sites to Accommodate the RHNA The city will continue to monitor the absorption of residential acreage in all densities and, if needed, recommend the creation of additional residential acreage at densities sufficient to meet the city’s housing need for current and 10-101 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10future residents. Any such actions shall be undertaken only where consistent with the Growth Management Plan. The analysis in Section 10.3 (Resources Available) identifies examples of how housing has been built on very small sites, such as in the Village and Barrio. However, to expand opportunities for additional affordable housing, the city will encourage the consolidation of small parcels in order to facilitate larger-scale developments that are compatible with existing neighborhoods. Specifically, the city will continue to make available an inventory of vacant and underutilized properties to interested developers, market infill and redevelop- ment opportunities throughout the city, including the Village and Barrio, and meet with developers to identify and discuss potential project sites. Funding: Departmental budget and Housing Trust Fund Lead Agency: Housing and Neighborhood Services Division, Planning Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Maintain adequate residential sites to accommodate the 2010-2020 RHNA.. • Post the inventory of vacant and underutilized properties on the city’s website or in a public notification area of the city’s Planning Division within one year of Housing Element adoption. Program 2.2: Flexibility in Development Standards The Planning Division, in its review of development applications, may recommend waiving or modifying certain development standards, or propose changes to the Municipal Code to encourage the development of low and moderate income housing. The city offers offsets to assist in the develop- ment of affordable housing citywide. Offsets include concessions or assistance including, but not limited to, direct financial assistance, density increases, standards modifications, or any other financial, land use, or regulatory conces- sion that would result in an identifiable cost reduction. Funding: Department budget Lead Agency: Planning Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Continue to offer flexibility in development standards to facilitate the development of lower and moderate income households. • Periodically review the Municipal Code and recommend changes that would enhance the feasibility of affordable housing, while maintaining the quality of housing. 10-102 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Program 2.3: Mixed Use The city will encourage mixed-use developments that include a residential component. Major commercial centers should incorporate, where appropriate, mixed commercial/residential uses. Funding: Departmental budget Lead Agency: Planning Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Periodically review development standards and incentives that would encourage mixed-use developments. • Identify areas and properties with potential for mixed-use development and provide information to interested developers. Program 2.4: Energy Conservation The city has established requirements, programs, and actions to improve household energy efficiency, promote sustainability, and lower utility costs. The city shall enforce state requirements for energy conservation, including the latest green building standards, and promote and participate in regional water conservation and recycling programs. • Create a coordinated energy conservation strategy, including strategies for residential uses, as part of a citywide Climate Action Plan. • In the Village, encourage energy conservation and higher density devel- opment by the modification of development standards (e.g. parking standards, building setbacks, height, and increased density) as necessary to: –Enable developments to qualify for silver level or higher LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Certification, or a comparable green building rating, and to maintain the financial feasibility of the development with such certification. –Achieve densities at or above the minimum required if the applicant can provide acceptable evidence that application of the development standards precludes development at such densities. • Facilitate resource conservation for all households by making available, through a competitive process, CDBG funds to non-profit organizations that could use such funds to replace windows, plumbing fixtures, and other physical improvements in lower-income neighborhoods, shelters, and transitional housing. • Encourage infill development in urbanized areas, particularly in the Village and Barrio, through implementation of the Village Master Plan and Design Manual and the allowed density ranges in the Barrio. 10-103 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Objectives and Time Frame: • Continue to pursue energy efficient development and rehabilitation of residential units through incentives, funding assistance, and city policies. • Continue to explore additional incentives to facilitate energy efficient development. 10-G.3 Sufficient new, affordable housing opportunities in all quadrants of the city to meet the needs of current lower and moderate income households and those with special needs, and a fair share proportion of future lower and moderate income households. 10-P.15 Pursuant to the Inclusionary Housing Ordinance, require afford- ability for lower income households of a minimum of 15 percent of all residential ownership and qualifying rental projects. For projects that are required to include 10 or more units affordable to lower income households, at least 10 percent of the lower income units should have three or more bedrooms (lower income senior housing projects exempt). 10-P.16 Annually set priorities for future lower-income and special housing needs. The priorities will be set through the annual Consoli- dated Plan, which is prepared by the Housing and Neighborhood Services Division with assistance from the Planning Division and approved by the City Council. Priority given to the housing needs for lower-income subgroups (i.e., handicapped, seniors, large-fam- ily, very-low income) will be utilized for preference in the guidance of new housing constructed by the private sector and for the use of city funds for construction or assistance to low income projects. 10-P.17 Any proposed General Plan Amendment request to increase site densities for purposes of providing affordable housing, will be evaluated relative to the proposal’s compatibility with adjacent land uses and proximity to employment opportunities, urban services or major roads, and other policies applicable to higher density sites that are identified in the General Plan Land Use and Community Design Element. 10-P.18 Adhere to City Council Policy Statement 43 when considering allo- cation of “excess dwelling units” for the purpose of allowing development to exceed the Growth Management Control Point (GMCP) density, as discussed in Section 10.3 (Resources Available). With limited exceptions, the allocation of excess dwelling units will require provision of housing affordable to lower income households. 10-P.19 Address the unmet housing needs of the community through new development and housing that is set aside for lower and moderate income households consistent with priorities set by the Housing and Neighborhood Services Division, in collaboration with the Planning Division, and as set forth in the city’s Consolidated Plan. 10-104 City of Carlsbad Housing10 10-P.20 Encourage the development of an adequate number of housing units suitably sized to meet the needs of lower and moderate income larger households. 10-P.21 Ensure that incentive programs, such as density bonus programs and new development programs are compatible and consistent with the city’s Growth Management Plan. 10-P.22 Maintain the Housing Trust Fund and explore new funding mecha- nisms to facilitate the construction and rehabilitation of affordable housing. 10-P.23 Consistent with state law, establish affordable housing develop- ment with priority for receiving water and sewer services when capacity and supply of such services become an issue. 10-P.24 Pursuant to state law, identify and monitor housing units con- structed, converted, and demolished in the Coastal Zone along with information regarding whether these units are affordable to lower and moderate income households Program 3.1: Inclusionary Housing Ordinance The city will continue to implement its Inclusionary Housing Ordinance, which requires a minimum of 15 percent of all ownership and qualifying rental residen- tial projects of seven or more units be restricted and affordable to lower income households. This program requires an agreement between all residential devel- opers subject to this inclusionary requirement and the city which stipulates: • The number of required lower income inclusionary units; • The designated sites for the location of the units; • A phasing schedule for production of the units; and • The term of affordability for the units. For all ownership and qualifying rental projects of fewer than seven units, payment of a fee in lieu of inclusionary units is permitted. The fee is based on a detailed study that calculated the difference in cost to produce a market rate rental unit versus a lower-income affordable unit. As of 2013, the in-lieu fee per market- rate dwelling unit was $4,515. The fee amount may be modified by the City Council from time-to-time and is collected at the time of building permit issuance for the market rate units. The city will continue to utilize inclusionary in-lieu fees collected to assist in the development of affordable units. The city will apply Inclusionary Housing Ordinance requirements to rental projects if the project developer agrees by contract to limit rent as consider- ation for a “direct financial contribution” or other form of assistance specified in density bonus law; or if the project is at a density that exceeds the applicable GMCP density, thus requiring the use of “excess dwelling units,” as described in Section 10.3 (Resources Available). 10-105 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10The city will also continue to consider other in-lieu contributions allowed by the Inclusionary Housing Ordinance, such as an irrevocable offer to dedicate devel- opable land. Funding: Departmental budget Lead Agency: Planning Division, Housing and Neighborhood Services Division Objectives and Time Frame: Based on SANDAG’s Regional 2050 Growth Forecast and current housing estimates, the city anticipates 3,847 new housing units to be developed between 2010 and 2020, potentially generating 577 inclusionary units. Adjust the inclusionary housing in-lieu fee as necessary and appropriate to reflect market conditions and ensure fees collected are adequate to facilitate the development of affordable units. Program 3.2: Excess Dwelling Units Pursuant to City Council Policy Statement 43, the city will continue to utilize “excess dwelling units,” described in Section 10.3 (Resources Available), for the purpose of enabling density transfers, density increases/bonuses and General Plan amendments to increase allowed density. Based on analysis conducted in Section 10.4 (Constraints and Mitigating Opportunities), the city can accommodate its 2010-2020 RHNA without the need to utilize excess dwelling units to accommodate the RHNA at each household income level. Funding: Departmental budget Lead Agency: Planning Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Consistent with City Council Policy 43, continue to utilize the excess dwelling units to provide affordable housing to lower income households. Program 3.3: Density Bonus Consistent with state law (Government Code sections 65913.4 and 65915), the city continues to offer residential density bonuses as a means of encouraging affordable housing development. In exchange for setting aside a portion of the development as units affordable to lower and moderate income households, the city will grant a density bonus over the otherwise allowed maximum density, and up to three financial incentives or regulatory concessions. These units must remain affordable for a period of no less than 30 years and each project must enter into an agreement with the city to be monitored by the Housing and Neighborhood Services Division for compliance. 10-106 City of Carlsbad Housing10 The density bonus increases with the proportion of affordable units set aside and the depth of affordability (e.g. very low income versus low income, or moderate income). The maximum density bonus a developer can receive is 35 percent when a project provides 11 percent of the units for very low income households, 20 percent for low income households, or 40 percent for moderate income households. Financial incentives and regulatory concessions may include but are not limited to: fee waivers, reduction or waiver of development standards, in-kind infra- structure improvements, an additional density bonus above the requirement, mixed use development, or other financial contributions. The city is currently amending its density bonus regulations (Municipal Code Chapter 21.86) to ensure consistency with recent changes to state density bonus law. Funding: Departmental budget, Housing Trust Fund Lead Agency: Planning Division, Housing and Neighborhood Services Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Complete the pending amendment to Carlsbad Municipal Code Chapter 21.86 by June 30, 2014 to ensure consistency with recent changes to state density bonus law. • Apply the city’s Density Bonus Ordinance, consistent with state law. • Encourage developers to take advantage of density bonus incentives. Program 3.4: City-Initiated Development The city, through the Housing and Neighborhood Services Division, will continue to work with private developers (both for-profit and non-profit) to create housing opportunities for low, very low and extremely low income households. Funding: Housing Trust Fund, CDBG, and other federal, state and local funding Lead Agency: Planning Division, Housing and Neighborhood Services Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Work with a private, non-profit affordable housing developers to create at least 70 city-initiated or non-inclusionary affordable housing units for lower income households between 2013 and 2020. 10-107 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Program 3.5: Affordable Housing Incentives The city will consider using Housing Trust Funds on a case-by-case basis to offer a number of incentives to facilitate affordable housing development. Incen- tives may include: • Payment of public facility fees; • In-kind infrastructure improvements, including but not limited to street improvements, sewer improvements, other infrastructure improvements as needed; • Priority processing, including accelerated plan-check process, for proj- ects that do not require extensive engineering or environmental review; and • Discretionary consideration of density increases above the maximum permitted by the General Plan through review and approval of a site development plan (SDP). Funding: Departmental budget, Housing Trust Fund, CDBG Lead Agency: Planning Division, Housing and Neighborhood Services Division, Finance Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Assist in the development of 150 affordable units between 2013 and 2020 (inclusive of units to be assisted under Program 3.4 - City-Initiated Development, and Program 3.10 - Senior Housing). Program 3.6: Land Banking The city will continue to implement a land banking program to acquire land suitable for development of housing affordable to lower and moderate income households. The land bank may accept contributions of land in-lieu of housing production required under an inclusionary requirement, surplus land from the city or other public entities, and land otherwise acquired by the city for its housing programs. This land would be used to reduce the land costs of producing lower and moderate income housing by the city or other parties. The city has identified a list of nonprofit developers active in the region. When a city-owned or acquired property is available, the city will solicit the partic- ipation of these nonprofits to develop affordable housing. Affordable housing funds will be made available to facilitate development and the city will assist in the entitlement process. Funding: CDBG, Housing Trust Fund Lead Agency: Housing and Neighborhood Services Division 10-108 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Objectives and Time Frame: • Solicit nonprofit developers when city-owned or acquired property becomes available for affordable housing. • Provide land for development of affordable housing. • Consider private-public partnerships for development of affordable housing. Program 3.7: Housing Trust Fund The city will continue to maintain the Housing Trust Fund for the fiduciary administration of monies dedicated to the development, preservation and reha- bilitation of affordable housing in Carlsbad. The Housing Trust Fund will be the repository of all collected in-lieu fees, impact fees, housing credits, loan repay- ments, and related revenues targeted for proposed housing as well as other local, state and federal funds. The city will explore additional revenue opportunities to contribute to the Housing Trust Fund, particularly, the feasibility of a housing impact fee to generate affordable rental units when affordable units are not included in a rental development. Funding: In-Lieu fees, impact fees, housing credit revenues, HOME/CDBG Housing Reserve, local, state and federal funds Lead Agency: Housing and Neighborhood Services Division, Finance Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Explore the feasibility of a rental housing impact fee within one year of adoption of this Housing Element. • Actively pursue housing activities to encumber and disburse monies within the Housing Trust Fund that are specifically designated for the development of affordable housing for low income households. Program 3.8: Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers The Carlsbad Housing Authority will continue to administer the city’s Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher program to provide rental assistance to very low income households. Funding: Federal Section 8 funding Lead Agency: Housing and Neighborhood Services Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Continue to provide rental assistance to approximately 600 extremely low and very low income households. 10-109 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Program 3.9: Mortgage Credit Certificates The city participates in the San Diego Regional Mortgage Credit Certificate (MCC) Program. By obtaining a MCC during escrow, a qualified homebuyer can qualify for an increased loan amount. The MCC entitles the homebuyer to take a federal income tax credit of 20 percent of the annual interest paid on the mortgage. This credit reduces the federal income taxes of the buyer, resulting in an increase in the buyer’s net earnings. Funding: San Diego County MCC allocations Lead Agency: Housing and Neighborhood Services Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Continue to promote the MCC program with the objective of assisting at least two households annually. Program 3.10: Senior Housing The city will continue to encourage a wide variety of senior housing oppor- tunities, especially for lower-income seniors with special needs, through the provision of financial assistance and regulatory incentives as specified in the city’s Housing for Senior Citizens Ordinance (Municipal Code Chapter 21.84). Projects assisted with these incentives will be subjected to the monitoring and reporting requirements to assure compliance with approved project conditions. In addition, the city has sought and been granted California Constitution Article 34 authority by its voters to produce up to 200 senior-only, low-income restricted housing units. The city would need to access its Article 34 authority only when it provides financial assistance and regulates more than 51 percent of the development. Funding: Departmental budget, Housing Trust Fund, Private financing, state public financing Lead Agency: Housing and Neighborhood Services Division, Planning Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Periodically review the senior housing provisions in Municipal Code Chapter 21.84 to expand housing opportunities for seniors. • Work with senior housing developers and non-profit organizations to locate and construct at least 50 units of senior low-income housing between 2013 and 2020. 10-110 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Program 3.11: Housing for Persons with Disabilities The city has an adopted ordinance to provide individuals with disabilities “rea- sonable accommodation” in land use, zoning and building regulations. This ordinance seeks to provide equal opportunity in the development and use of housing for people with disabilities through flexibility in regulations and the waiver of certain requirements in order to eliminate barriers to fulfilling this objective. The city will continue to evaluate the success of this measure and adjust the ordinance as needed to ensure that it is effective. Moreover, the city will seek to increase the availability of housing and supportive services to the most vul- nerable population groups, including people with disabilities through state and federal funding sources, such as HUD’s Section 811 program and CDBG funding. Funding: Departmental budget Lead Agency: Planning Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Evaluate the use and effectiveness of the reasonable accommodation ordinance through the annual Housing Element Progress Reports. • Continue to provide opportunities for the development of affordable housing for seniors and persons with disabilities. Program 3.12: Housing for Large Families In those developments that are required to include 10 or more units affordable to lower-income households, at least 10 percent of the lower income units should have three or more bedrooms. This requirement does not pertain to lower- income senior housing projects. Funding: Departmental budget Lead Agency: Planning Division; Housing and Neighborhood Services Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Continue to implement this requirement as part of the Inclusionary Housing Ordinance. • Achieve the construction of 35 dwellings that can accommodate lower income large families. Pursuant to Section 10.2, there are 10,625 lower income households in Carlsbad, 620 (6 percent) of which are large fam- ilies. Six percent of the city’s objective for construction of new lower income dwellings (577 dwellings per section 10.6) is 35 dwellings. 10-111 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10Program 3.13: Housing for the Homeless Carlsbad will continue to facilitate and assist with the acquisition, for lease or sale, and development of suitable sites for emergency shelters and transi- tional housing for the homeless population. This facilitation and assistance will include: • Participating in a regional or sub-regional summit(s) including decision- makers from north San Diego County jurisdictions and SANDAG for the purposes of coordinating efforts and resources to address homelessness; • Assisting local non-profits and charitable organizations in securing state and federal funding for the acquisition, construction and management of shelters; and • Continuing to provide funding for local and sub-regional homeless service providers that operate temporary and emergency shelters. Funding: Housing Trust Fund, CDBG Lead Agency: Housing and Neighborhood Services Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Provide funding for homeless shelter providers through the annual Action Plan process for the use of CDBG funds. • Annually participate financially in regional programs, such as the North County Regional Winter Shelter Program, which utilize shelters such as the La Posada de Guadalupe men’s homeless/farmworker shelter in Carlsbad. Program 3.14: Transitional and Supportive Housing Currently, the city’s Zoning Ordinance provides for transitional housing and supportive housing; however, the ordinance distinguishes and regulates such housing based on the number occupants (i.e., transitional and supportive housing for six or fewer persons are allowed by right in all residential zones, but transitional and supportive housing for more than six persons is allowed with a conditional use permit only in multi-family residential zones). The city will amend the Zoning Ordinance to allow transitional housing and support- ive housing in all zones allowing residential uses, and subject only to the same limitations that apply to other residential dwellings of the same type in the same zone. Funding: None Required Lead Agency: Planning Department 10-112 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Objectives and Time Frame: • By June 30, 2014, amend the Zoning Ordinance to allow transitional housing and supportive housing in all zones allowing residential uses, and subject only to the same limitations that apply to other residential dwellings of the same type in the same zone. Program 3.15: Supportive Services for Homeless and Special Needs Groups The city will continue to provide CDBG funds to community, social welfare, non-profit and other charitable groups that provide services for those with special needs in the north San Diego County area. Furthermore, the city will work with agencies and organizations that receive CDBG funds to offer a city referral service for homeless shelter and other sup- portive services. Funding: CDBG Lead Agency: Housing and Neighborhood Services Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Provide funding for supportive service providers through the annual Action Plan process for the use of CDBG funds. • Continue to operate the city’s 211 referral service. Program 3.16: Alternative Housing The city will continue to implement its Second Dwelling Unit Ordinance (Section 21.10.015 of the Carlsbad Municipal Code) and will continue to support alternative types of housing, such as hotels and managed living units to accom- modate extremely-low income households. Funding: Federal, state, and local loans and grants, private funds Lead Agency: Planning Division, Housing and Neighborhood Services Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Continue to monitor underutilized properties and sites in the commu- nity that have potential for alternative housing options and offer the information to interested developers. Program 3.17: Military and Student Referrals The city will assure that information on the availability of assisted or below- market housing is provided to all lower-income and special needs groups. The Housing and Neighborhood Services Division will provide information to local 10-113 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 10military and student housing offices of the availability of low-income housing in Carlsbad. Funding: Departmental budget Lead Agency: Housing and Neighborhood Services Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Periodically update the city’s inventory of assisted or below-market housing and make the information available on print and on the city’s website. Program 3.18: Coastal Housing Monitoring As a function of the building permit process, the city will monitor and record Coastal Zone housing data including, but not limited to, the following: • The number of housing units approved for construction, conversion or demolition within the coastal zone after January 1, 1982. • The number of housing units for persons and families of low or moder- ate income, as defined in Section 50093 of the Health and Safety Code, required to be provided in new housing developments within the coastal zone. • The number of existing residential dwelling units occupied by persons and families of low or moderate income that are authorized to be demol- ished or converted in the coastal zone pursuant to Section 65590 of the Government Code. • The number of residential dwelling units occupied by persons and fami- lies of low or moderate income, as defined in Section 50093 of the Health and Safety Code that are required for replacement or authorized to be converted or demolished as identified above. The location of the replace- ment units, either onsite, elsewhere within the city’s coastal zone, or within three miles of the coastal zone in the city, shall be designated in the review. Funding: Departmental budget Lead Agency: Planning Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Continue to maintain records and prepare a summary report annually. Program 3.19: Housing Element Annual Progress Report and Mid-Planning Period Housing Element Update First, to retain the Housing Element as a viable policy document, the Planning Division will review the Housing Element annually and schedule an amendment 10-114 City of Carlsbad Housing10 if necessary. As required by state law, city staff will prepare and submit annual progress reports to the City Council, SANDAG, and California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD). Second, Senate Bill 575 requires that a jurisdiction revise its housing element every four years, unless it meets both of the following criteria: (1) the jurisdic- tion adopted the fourth revision of the element no later than March 31, 2010; and (2) the jurisdiction completed any rezoning contained in the element by June 30, 2010. While implementation of the city’s 2005-2010 Housing Element satisfied the first criterion, it did not meet the second. Although rezoning was completed before the end of the extended Housing Element period (April 30, 2013) to satisfy the adequate sites program, it was not completed in time to meet the SB 575 requirement. The city will build on the annual review process to develop a mid-planning period (four-year) Housing Element update that includes the following: • Review program implementation and revision of programs and policies, as needed; • Analysis of progress in meeting the RHNA and updates to the sites inven- tory as needed; • Outcomes from a study session that will be held with the Planning Commission to discuss mid-period accomplishments and take public comment on the progress of implementation. The city will invite service providers and housing developers to participate. Funding: Departmental Budget Lead Agency: Planning Division, Housing and Neighborhood Services Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Prepare an annual progress report (APR) that reports on implementation of the Housing Element. • Submit the APR to the City Council, HCD, and SANDAG. • Prepare and complete a mid-planning period update, including public outreach, by April 30, 2017. Fair Housing Equal access to housing is a fundamental right protected by both state and federal laws. The city is committed to fostering a housing environment in which housing opportunities are available and open to all. 10-G.4 All Carlsbad housing opportunities (ownership and rental, market and assisted) offered in conformance with open housing policies and free of discriminatory practices. 10-115 Draft General Plan HousingDraft General Plan 1010-P.25 Support enforcement of fair housing laws prohibiting arbitrary discrimination in the development, financing, rental, or sale of housing. 10-P.26 Educate residents and landlords on fair housing laws and practices through the distribution of written materials and public presentations. 10-P.27 Contract with a fair housing service provider to monitor and respond to complaints of discrimination in housing. 10-P.28 Encourage local lending institutions to comply with the Community Reinvestment Act to meet the community’s credit needs and develop partnerships where appropriate. Reevaluate the city’s rela- tionship with lending institutions that are substantially deficient in their CRA ratings. 10-P.29 Periodically review city policies, ordinances, and development standards, and modify, as necessary, to accommodate housing for persons with disabilities. Program 4.1: Fair Housing Services With assistance from outside fair housing agencies, the city will continue to offer fair housing services to its residents and property owners. Services include: • Distributing educational materials to property owners, apartment man- agers, and tenants; • Making public announcements via different media (e.g. newspaper ads and public service announcements at local radio and television channels); • Conducting public presentations with different community groups; • Monitoring and responding to complaints of discrimination (i.e. intak- ing, investigation of complaints, and resolution); and • Referring services to appropriate agencies. Funding: CDBG, Section 8 Rental Assistance, Housing Trust Fund Lead Agency: Housing and Neighborhood Services Division Objectives and Time Frame: • Allocate annual funding for fair housing services through the Action Plan process for the use of CDBG funds. • Participate in regional efforts to mitigate impediments to fair housing choice. 10-116 City of Carlsbad Housing10 Quantified Objectives by Income The following Table 10-42 summarizes the city’s quantified objectives for the 2010-2020 RHNA period, by income group. TabLE 10–42: QUaNTIFIED ObJECTIVES 2010-2020 EXTREMELY LOW VERY LOW LOW MODERATE ABOVE MODERATE TOTAL RHNA1 389 523 693 1,062 2,332 4,999 Units to be Constructed2,3 18 93 466 200 3,054 3,847 Units to be Rehabilitated 0 31 23 0 54 Units to be Conserved 0 64 0 0 0 64 Households to be Assisted4 240 360 0 10 0 600 TOTaL 258 517 497 233 3,054 4,565 1 As described in Section 10.2, the city estimates that of the 912 very low income households identified for Carlsbad in the RHNA, at least 389 units (43%) should be available for extremely low income and up to 523 units (57%) for very low income households. 2 Affordable units to be constructed are estimated based on SANDAG’s 2050 Regional Growth Forecast, analysis of recently-approved and an- ticipated near-term development, and land use designation changes that are part of the General Plan update. Units to be constructed include 150 city-initiated affordable housing (Program 3.5, Affordable Housing Incentives) and 427 anticipated inclusionary housing units (Program 3.1, Inclusionary Housing). Income distribution of these anticipated lower income units is based on the same proportions realized by projects constructed over a previous 8-year period (2003-2010). A general assumption of 200 moderate income units is used. 3 Based on past experience, the city estimates 80 second units may be developed during the planning period at rates affordable for moderate income households. Pursuant to City regulations, they are a permitted by right, accessory use to one-family dwellings. Between 2005 and 2012, a total of 57 second dwelling units were built in the city. 4 40 percent of the Section 8 voucher holders are assumed to be extremely low income households. Appendix A: 2005-2010 Accomplishments CODE KEY Status: Department or Division: C Completed = One-time project for which all work has been completed B – Building Division O Ongoing = Completed program, but one that requires recurring activity CED – Community and Economic Development I In Process = Staff work is well under way and program will be implemented soon (including any necessary hearings) HNS – Housing and Neighborhood Services Division P Pending = Program for which preliminary work needs to be initiated, or program is in early stages of work P – Planning Division D Delete = Program that may no longer be necessary or relevant due to another program, changed circumstances, or policy change F– Finance Division CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN A-2 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 1.1 Condominium Conversion Discourage and/or restrict condominium conversions when such conversions would reduce the number of low or moderate income housing units available throughout the city. O P For the previous Housing Element planning period, the city approved conversions of 32 rental units to condominiums. The city will continue to consider condominium conversions on a case by case basis. 1.2 Mobile Home Park Preservation Continue to implement regulations in the zoning ordinance that sets conditions on changes of use or conversions of Mobile Home Parks. Assist lower income tenants to research the financial feasibility of purchasing their mobile home parks so as to maintain the rents at levels affordable to its tenants. O P, HNS In 2010, the City Council approved the conversion of the Lanikai Lane mobile home park from rental to a resident- owned park. The conversion was approved in compliance with applicable provisions of local ordinances, the Subdivision Map Act, and Government Code Section 66427.5, which governs mobile home park conversions. The city has been working with the Lanikai Lane mobile home tenants and new owners to maintain affordable rents. The new owner has agreed to minimal increases in new leases. The city will continue to implement the mobile home zoning ordinance and assist tenants seeking to purchase their mobile homes with technical assistance. 1.3 Acquisition/ Rehabilitation of Rental Housing Provide loans, grants, and/or rebates to owners of rental properties to make needed repairs and rehabilitation. Acquire and rehabilitate rental housing that is substandard, deteriorating or in danger of being demolished. Objective of assisting 50 households/units. Provide deferral or subsidy of planning and building fees, and priority processing. O HNS, BCE On November 6, 2012 the City Council approved a $7.4 million residual receipts loan from the Housing Trust Fund for the acquisition and rehabilitation of 42 1950s- era duplex units in the Barrio. Rehabilitation will include substantial improvements to the interior and exterior of the units and the addition of site amenities such as enhanced landscaping, community garden, children’s play area, community room with laundry facilities, and an on-site manager’s office. The units will be rent-restricted for 55 years to low income households (50-60% AMI). Requests for acquisition/rehabilitati on of rental properties will continue to be considered on a case by case basis. APPENDIX A A-3 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 1.4 Rehabilitation of Owner- Occupied Housing Provide assistance to homeowners to rehabilitate deteriorating housing. Assistance will include financial incentives in the form of low interest and deferred payment loans, and rebates. Households targeted for assistance include lower-income and special needs (disabled, large, and senior) households. Objective of assisting 25 households/units. O HNS The city has implemented a home repair program for owner occupied properties that provides loans which are forgiven after five years. For the Housing Element planning period, the city aided six low income households with home repair loans up to $5,000 each. The city will continue offer this program to qualified low income homeowners. 1.5 Preservation of At-Risk Housing Monitor the status of projects such as Seascape Village, ensure tenants receive proper notification of any changes and are aware of available special Section 8 vouchers, and contact nonprofit housing developers to solicit interest in acquiring and managing at risk projects. C/O HNS Notices to tenants at Seascape Village were monitored and city staff worked with owners of Seascape Village in an attempt to extend the affordability restrictions for the 42 units. Property was sold and new owners declined to work with the city further. The city will continue to notify tenants and work with property owners in advance of subsidy expiration deadlines to preserve affordable units through technical assistance and helping to determine potential financing resources and options. CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN A-4 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 2.1 Adequate Sites The city will continue to monitor the absorption of residential acreage in all densities and, if needed, recommend the creation of additional residential acreage at densities sufficient to meet the city's housing need for current and future residents. O P, HNS The city reviews residential development applications for compliance with meeting the minimum densities on which the city relies to meet its share of regional housing needs. Consistent with state law and the city’s land use policies, the city shall not approve applications below the minimum densities established in the Housing Element unless it makes the following findings: a. The reduction is consistent with the adopted general plan, including the housing element. b. The remaining sites identified in the housing element are adequate to accommodate the City’s share of the regional housing need pursuant to Government Code Section 65584. This is an ongoing activity. The city will continue to monitor the absorption of residential acreage in all densities and, if needed, recommend the creation of additional residential acreage at densities 2.1 Adequate Sites The city shall process a general plan amendment(s) to redesignate a minimum net acreage of each site in Table 6-1 to RH. Table 6-1 Property Acres to be Redesignated to RH Density Yield Ponto 6.4 128 Quarry Creek 15.0 300 Commercial Mixed Use Ponto 2.8 28 C P, HNS The City Council approved General Plan land use and zoning amendments for the Quarry Creek area in March 2013. The amendments redesignated sites to RH. The changes result in increased capacity to accommodate 340 lower income units at 22.2 units per acre. The redesignations related to the Ponto property were not completed because the Quarry Creek and Barrio (see below) redesignations resulted in greater capacity than identified in Program 2.1 and are sufficient to accommodate the RHNA without the Ponto property. Completed. Delete from program. APPENDIX A A-5 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 2.1 Adequate Sites The city shall process a general plan amendment(s) to redesignate a minimum net acreage of each site in Table 6-2 to RMH. Table 6-2 General Plan Amendment (RMH):Quarry Creek Property Acres to be Redesignated to RMH Density Yield Quarry Creek 17 200 C P, HNS The City Council approved General Plan land use and zoning amendments for the Quarry Creek area in March 2013. The amendments redesignated sites to RMH. The changes result in increased capacity to accommodate 316 moderate income units at 16.7 and 14.2 units per acre. Completed. Delete from program. 2.1 Adequate Sites The city shall process general plan amendments to establish minimum densities of 12 units per acre and 20 units per acre for the RMH and RH land use designations, respectively, except for those RH designated properties in the Beach Area Overlay Zone. C P, HNS The minimum densities zoning ordinance amendment was approved by the City Council in January 2012, and is currently pending approval by the Coastal Commission. Completed. Delete from program. 2.1 Adequate Sites The city shall process amendments to the Village Redevelopment Master Plan and Design Manual and/or other planning documents as necessary to establish, for residential projects and mixed use projects with residential components within the Village Redevelopment Area, minimum densities equal to 80% of the maximum of the density range. C P, HNS Amendments to the master plan were approved by the City Council in November 2012, and are currently pending approval by the Coastal Commission. Completed. Delete from program. CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN A-6 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 2.1 Adequate Sites The city shall amend its zoning ordinance, general plan, and other land use documents as necessary to permit residential in a mixed use format on shopping center sites and commercial areas with a General Plan designations of “CL” and “R” and zoning designations of “C-L,” “C-1” and “C-2,” and/or other general plan and zoning designations as appropriate. Mixed use residential on shopping center and commercial sites shall be at a minimum density of 20 units per acre. C P, HNS The mixed use zoning ordinance amendment was approved by the City Council in January 2012, and is currently pending approval by the Coastal Commission. Completed. Delete from program. 2.1 Adequate Sites The city shall process amendments to the general plan and zoning ordinance and process other planning documents as necessary to establish and permit the minimum densities, areas, and land uses as described in Section 3 and specified in Tables 3-4, 3-6 and 3-9 for the Barrio Area. C P, HNS The City Council approved General Plan land use and zoning amendments to the Barrio area in February 2013. The amendments redesignated sites to RMH at a minimum of 12 units per acre, and to R30 at a minimum of 25 units per acre. The changes result in increased capacity to accommodate 353 lower income units and 13 moderate income units. Completed. Delete from program. 2.1 Adequate Sites The city will encourage the consolidation of small parcels in order to facilitate larger-scale developments. Specifically, the city will make available an inventory of vacant and underutilized properties to interested developers, market infill and redevelopment opportunities throughout the city, particularly in the Village Redevelopment Area and proposed Barrio Area, and meet with developers to identify and discuss potential project sites. O P, HNS For the Barrio Area, the city maintains an inventory of vacant and underutilized properties, which is available to developers. The city will continue offer this program to facilitate lot consolidation and to provide incentives for green building. APPENDIX A A-7 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 2.1 Adequate Sites For the Barrio Area, incentives shall be developed to encourage the consolidation of parcels and thus the feasibility of affordable housing. These incentives shall include increased density and other standards modifications. O P, HNS On Jan. 29, 2013, the City Council authorized financial assistance ($7.4 million) to assist a developer acquire existing duplex units located in an area of the Barrio comprised of 27 parcels along Harding Street, Carol Place and Magnolia Avenue.The intent of the property acquisition is to consolidate the parcels and construct a new 140 unit high density (minimum 23 du/ac) lower income affordable housing development. In February 2013, the city increased allowed densities in the Barrio; the city can approve additional density increases and standards modifications through the Inclusionary Housing and Density Bonus Ordinances. The development of additional incentives for lot consolidation will be considered as part of the comprehensive General Plan and Zoning Ordinance update currently in process. 2.1 Adequate Sites To facilitate development in the Village Redevelopment Area, modification of standards (including increased density) are permitted for affordable housing, “green” buildings, and projects which meet the goals and objectives of the Village (which include residential and mixed use developments). O P, HNS The city recently approved amendments to the Village Master Plan and Design Manual to raise minimum densities in the Village Area including a statement encouraging lot consolidation. For the Housing Element planning period, two projects in the Village designed to meet LEED Silver certification were approved (one mixed use with nine units, one non- residential) that received modifications to standards. The city will continue to consider standards modifications and waivers in the Village to assist in the development of affordable housing and green buildings. CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN A-8 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 2.2 Flexibility in Development Standards The Planning Department, in its review of development applications, may recommend waiving or modifying certain development standards, or propose changes to the Municipal Code to encourage the development of low and moderate income housing. O P The city considers waivers and modifications to development standards to assist in the development of affordable housing on a case by case basis. In 2011, the Tavarua Senior Apartments were approved by the Planning Commission and building permits were issued. The project was approved with (1) reduced parking, (2) reduced building setbacks, and (3) handicapped parking in the setbacks. In addition, the project received a density increase and has a project density of approximately 55 du/ac, which exceeds the project’s allowed density range (the project site is designated in the General Plan as Residential Medium Density, which allows a range of 4-8 du/ac). Tavarua Senior Apartments project exceeds the 15% inclusionary housing requirement by income restricting all 49 residential rental units. Furthermore, the project exceeds the inclusionary housing low-income affordability requirement in that 10 of the apartments are restricted to the extremely low income category, 25 are restricted to the very low income category, and 14 are restricted to the low income category. The city will continue to consider standards modifications and waivers to assist in the development of affordable housing on a case by case basis. APPENDIX A A-9 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 2.3 Mixed Use The city will encourage mixed-use developments that include a residential component. Major commercial centers should incorporate, where appropriate, mixed commercial/residential uses. Major industrial/office centers, where not precluded by environmental and safety considerations, should incorporate mixed industrial/office/residential uses. As described in Program 2.1, the city shall amend the zoning ordinance and other necessary land use documents to permit residential mixed use at 20 units per acre on shopping center sites and commercial areas. C P The mixed use zoning ordinance amendment was adopted by the City Council in January 2012, and is currently pending approval by the Coastal Commission. Completed program. CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN A-10 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 2.4 Energy Conservation The city of Carlsbad encourages and enforces a range of requirements, programs, and actions to improve household energy efficiency, promote sustainability, and lower utility costs. O P, BCE During the Housing Element period, two projects in the Village designed to meet LEED Silver certification were approved (one mixed use with nine units, one non- residential), that received modifications to standards. The comprehensive update to the landscape manual to implement the Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance was adopted by the City Council in May 2012. The 2010 Building Code, which includes the California Green Building Standards, was adopted by the City Council in 2011. There are four areas in Carlsbad designated as a “smart growth opportunity site” on SANDAG’s Smart Growth Concept Map: the Village and Barrio areas, Plaza Camino Real, Quarry Creek and Ponto. Each of these areas was identified in the 2005-2010 Housing Element Program 2.1 Adequate Sites program as contributing units toward the RHNA. Land use planning for the Barrio was completed in February 2013. A master plan for Quarry Creek, another designated potential smart growth opportunity site, was approved in March 2013. The city continues to make available excess dwelling units for qualifying projects (also see program 3.2 below) such as transit-oriented developments and senior and affordable housing. Modify program to include the latest standards and technologies for resource conservation and green building. The program should also be modified for consistency with the General Plan update and Climate Action Plan, underway. Move discussion of existing requirements into a separate section on Opportunities for Energy Conservation in the body of the Element. APPENDIX A A-11 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 3.1 Inclusionary Housing Ordinance The city will continue to implement its Inclusionary Housing Ordinance that requires 15 percent of all residential units within any Master Plan/Specific Plan community or other qualified subdivision (currently seven units or more) be restricted and affordable to lower income households. For all subdivisions of fewer than seven units, payment of a fee in lieu of inclusionary units is permitted. The fee is based on a detailed study that calculated the difference in cost to produce a market rate rental unit versus a lower-income affordable unit. The city will continue to utilize inclusionary in-lieu fees collected to assist in the development of affordable units. The city will also continue to consider other in- lieu contributions allowed by the Inclusionary Housing Ordinance, such as an irrevocable offer to dedicate developable land. O P, HNS The city continues to implement its Inclusionary Housing Ordinance. To comply with recent case law (Palmer/Sixth Street Properties, L.P. v. City of Los Angeles), the city amended its inclusionary housing requirements. The amendment, which results in only minor changes, is primarily needed to clarify that inclusionary requirements apply to rental projects only if the project developer agrees by contract to limit rent as consideration for a “direct financial contribution” or any other forms of assistance specified in density bonus law. Between, 2005 and 2012, $450,855 was collected in in-lieu fees and 357 units were constructed using funds from in-lieu fees. (Hunters Point, Bressi, Village by the Sea and Glen Ridge) In 2011, building permits for nine low income units were issued as part of the La Costa Condominiums project (CT 02-28), and the City Council approved the Dos Colinas project, which includes 20 future low income units. Also, two projects receiving building permits in 2011 purchased Inclusionary Housing credits at existing affordable apartments. CT 04-01 purchased 3 credits at Villa Loma, and CT 05-10 purchased 5 credits at Carlsbad Family Housing. Inclusionary housing program is one of the City’s most effective programs to build affordable housing and should be continued. CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN A-12 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 3.2 Excess Dwelling Unit Bank The city will continue to maintain, monitor and manage the Excess Dwelling Unit Bank, composed of "excess units" anticipated under the city's Growth Management Plan, but not utilized by developers in approved projects. The city will continue to make excess units available for inclusion in other projects using such tools as density transfers, density bonuses and changes to the General Plan land use designations per Council Policy Statement 43 O P Through its continued implementation of the Growth Management Plan, the city tracks development and the Excess Dwelling Unit Bank in its monthly Development Monitoring Report. “Banked” units are available for qualifying projects, which include affordable housing and density bonuses. The city will continue to maintain, monitor and and make “excess units” available for qualifying projects, including affordable housing projects. 3.3 Density Bonus The city will continue to offer residential density bonuses as a means of encouraging affordable housing development. O P, HNS 136 units were produced as a result of the density bonus program during the previous planning period (125 for Bressi and 11 for Village by the Sea) The city will continue to implement this program. 3.4 City-Initiated Development The city, through the Housing and Redevelopment Department, will continue to work with private developers (both for-profit and non-profit) to create housing opportunities for low, very low and extremely low income households. O P, HNS The city assisted two projects during the previous planning period: Roosevelt Gardens Condos • $47,000 Redevelopment Low/ Moderate Income Housing Fund • $621,000 CDBG • $1,066,000 HOME Cassia Heights Apartments • $250,000 CDBG • $262,000 HOME • $941,000 Redev Low Mod.) The city will continue to provide information and work with developers to assist them in creating additional housing opportunities for lower income households. APPENDIX A A-13 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 3.5 Affordable Housing Incentives The city uses Redevelopment Housing Set- Aside Funds and Housing Trust Funds to offer a number of incentives to facilitate affordable housing development. Incentives may include: • Payment of public facility fees • In-kind infrastructure improvements • Priority processing • Discretionary consideration of density increases above the maximum permitted by the General Plan O P, HNS, F The city assisted the following projects between 2005 and 2012: Density bonus provided to Bressi Ranch (plus $2,000,000 in assistance) and Village by the Sea (plus $200,000 in assistance). Continue program, but remove reference to redevelopment funds. 3.6 Land Banking The city will continue to implement a land banking program to acquire land suitable for development of housing affordable to lower and moderate income households. The Land Bank may accept contributions of land in-lieu of housing production required under an inclusionary requirement, surplus land from the city or other public entities, and land otherwise acquired by the city for its housing programs. This land would be used to reduce the land costs of producing lower and moderate income housing by the city or other parties. O CED, HNS Between 2005 and 2012, the city worked with Habitat for Humanity to develop 11 condos and with another developer on construction of 56 unit Cassia Heights Apartments. (Both on land purchased by the city.) The city will continue to implement a land banking program to acquire land suitable for development of housing affordable to lower and moderate income households. 3.7 Housing Trust Fund The city will continue to maintain the various monies reserved for affordable housing, and constituting the Housing Trust Fund, for the fiduciary administration of monies dedicated to the development, preservation and rehabilitation of housing in Carlsbad. The Trust Fund will be the repository of all collected in- lieu fees, impact fees, housing credits and related revenues targeted for proposed housing as well as other local, state and federal funds. O HNS, F The city continues to maintain the Housing Trust Fund, which had an available balance of approximately $6.1 million as of December 31, 2012. The city will continue to collect and distribute funds from the Housing Trust Fund to support the development and maintenance of affordable housing. CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN A-14 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 3.8 Section 8 Housing Choice Vouchers The Carlsbad Housing Authority will continue to operate the city's Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher program to provide rental assistance to very low income households. O HNS The Housing Authority continues to operate Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program. Between 2005 and 2012, 159 new vouchers issued. (Voucher program assists total of approximately 600 households per year.) The Carlsbad Housing Authority will continue to operate the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program, subject to continued federal funding. 3.9 Mortgage Credit Certificates The city participates in the San Diego Regional Mortgage Credit Certificate (MCC) Program. By obtaining a MCC during escrow, a qualified homebuyer can qualify for an increased loan amount. The MCC entitles the homebuyer to take a federal income tax credit of 20 percent of the annual interest paid on the mortgage. This credit reduces the federal income taxes of the buyer, resulting in an increase in the buyer's net earnings. O HNS The city continues to participate in MCC Program with one certificate issued in 2011. Between 2005 and 2012, 28 MCCs were issued with average of $39,450 assistance per buyer. The city will continue to participate in the San Diego Regional Mortgage Credit Certificate Program. 3.10 Senior Housing The city will continue to encourage a wide variety of senior housing opportunities, especially for lower-income seniors with special needs, through the provision of financial assistance and regulatory incentives as specified in the city’s Senior Housing Overlay zone. Projects assisted with these incentives will be subjected to the monitoring and reporting requirements to assure compliance with approved project conditions O P, HNS The city has provided a loan of $3.75 million to assist in the development of the 50 unit Tavarua Senior Apartments. Building permits were issued on 12/16/11 with construction anticipated to be completed in early 2013. The apartments will be affordable to seniors at 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of the Area Median Income. The city will continue to encourage senior housing opportunities through financial assistance and regulatory incentives. APPENDIX A A-15 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 3.11 Housing for Persons with Disabilities The city will adopt an ordinance to establish a formal policy on offering reasonable accommodations to persons with disabilities with regard to the construction, rehabilitation, and improvement of housing. The ordinance will specify the types of requests that may be considered reasonable accommodation, the procedure and reviewing/approval bodies for the requests, and waivers that the city may offer to facilitate the development and rehabilitation of housing for persons with disabilities. C P, BCE The zoning ordinance amendment to remove the definition of “family” was adopted by the City Council in 2010 and approved by the Coastal Commission in 2011. The reasonable accommodations zoning ordinance amendment was adopted by the City Council in April 2011. The Coastal Commission approved the amendment with suggested modifications in October 2012. The City Council approved the suggested modifications in November 2012. The ordinance will become effective once the Coastal Commission accepts the final amendment, anticipated to occur in early 2013. In 2008, the city provided CDBG funds to TERI, Inc. for property acquisition for a residential care home for developmentally disabled adults. Program completed. Remove and revise to evaluate effectiveness of new policy and consider other ways to facilitate housing for persons with disabilities. 3.12 Housing for Large Families In those developments that are required to include 10 or more units affordable to lower- income households, at least 10 percent of the lower income units should have three or more bedrooms. This requirement does not pertain to lower-income senior housing projects. O P The city continues to implement this program as part of its inclusionary housing ordinance. 134 affordable housing units with three or more bedrooms were developed between 2005 and 2012. The city will continue to support the development of housing for large families. CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN A-16 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 3.13 Farm Labor Housing Pursuant to the State Employee Housing Act, the city permits by right employee housing for six or fewer in all residential zones where a single-family residence is permitted. Farm labor housing for 12 persons in a group quarters or 12 units intended for families is permitted by right on properties where agricultural uses are permitted. In 2004, the city amended the Zoning Code to conditionally permit farm labor housing for more than 12 persons in a group quarters or 12 units/spaces for households in the E-A, O, C-1, C-2, C-T, C- M, M, P-M, P-U, O-S, C-F and C-L zones. C CED, P A zoning ordinance amendment to comply with Health and Safety Code Sec. 17021.6 was adopted by the City Council in September 2012. The amendment permits farmworker housing by right or conditionally where agricultural uses are also permitted by right or conditionally. The amendment also provides standards. Staff anticipates the Coastal Commission will act on the amendment in early 2014. Through the Agricultural Mitigation Fee, the City committee $2 million to fund La Posada de Guadalupe project, under construction in 2012. This project will expand the number of beds for homeless men and farmworkers from 50 to 100-120. Program completed. Remove. APPENDIX A A-17 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 3.14 Housing for the Homeless Carlsbad will continue to facilitate the acquisition, for lease or sale, of suitable sites for emergency shelters and transitional housing for the homeless population. This facilitation will include: Participating in a regional or sub-regional summit(s) for the purposes of coordinating efforts and resources to address homelessness; Assisting local non-profits and charitable organizations in securing state and federal funding for the acquisition, construction and management of shelters; Continuing to provide funding for local and sub-regional homeless service providers that operate temporary and emergency shelters; and Identifying a specific zoning district in the city where emergency shelters will be permitted by right C/O CED, P A zoning ordinance amendment to permit emergency shelters by right in the Planned Industrial and Industrial zones was adopted by the City Council in October 2012. In these zones, year-round shelters with up to 30 persons or beds are permitted by right; larger shelters are conditionally permitted. The amendment also provides basic standards. Staff anticipates the Coastal Commission will act on the amendment in early 2014. In 2010, the city received an application to expand the existing La Posada de Guadalupe homeless shelter from a temporary 50 bed facility to a permanent 100-120 bed facility. The application was recommended for approval by the Planning Commission and approved by the City Council in 2011. In addition, the city has committed $2,000,000 in financial support for the La Posada de Guadalupe expansion from money collected through its Agricultural Mitigation Fee program ($54,000 given to-date for project design costs). Also, in Dec. 2011, the city increased its total CDBG contribution to $661,000 for this project. Construction is underway. Zoning amendment complete. Continue other facilitation activities. CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN A-18 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 3.15 Transitional and Supportive Housing Currently, the city’s Zoning Ordinance does not address the provision of transitional housing and supportive housing. The city will amend the Zoning Ordinance to clearly define transitional housing and supportive housing. When such housing is developed as group quarters, they should be permitted as residential care facilities. When operated as regular multi-family rental housing, transitional and supportive housing should be permitted by right as a multi-family residential use in multi- family zones. C P An ordinance amendment to address the provision of transitional and supportive housing was adopted by City Council in September 2012. The amendment fulfilled program objectives and identified transitional and supportive housing as either permitted or conditionally permitted uses in all residential zones and in commercial zones where residential is permitted. Staff anticipates the Coastal Commission will act on the amendment in early 2014. Program completed. Remove. 3.16 Supportive Services for Homeless and Special Needs Groups The city will continue to provide CDBG funds to community, social welfare, non-profit and other charitable groups that provide services for those with special needs in the North County area. Furthermore, the city will work with agencies and organizations that receive CDBG funds to offer a City Referral Service for homeless shelter and other supportive services. O HNS In 2012, the city provided CDBG assistance to 13 social service providers in North County and serves as a referral agency for homeless shelters and support services. The city provided approximately $375,000 in assistance between 2005 and 2010. The city also contributed $18,778 from the Housing Trust Fund in 2012 to the Alliance for Regional Solutions’ winter shelter program. This program sponsors one site in Carlsbad as well as rotating sites at local churches throughout the county. The city will continue to support the development of housing and supportive services for homeless and other special needs groups. APPENDIX A A-19 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 3.17 Alternative Housing The city will continue to implement its Second Dwelling Unit Ordinance (Section 21.10.015 of the Carlsbad Municipal Code) and will continue to consider alternative types of housing, such as hotels and managed living units. C/O P, HNS The city continues to implement the Second Dwelling Unit Ordinance and consider alternative types of housing. 57 second units were permitted between 2005 and 2012. In September 2012, the City Council approved an ordinance amendment to the Village Master Plan and Design Manual to conditionally permit and establish standards for managed living units in certain districts of the Village area. The amendment fulfilled project objectives by providing standards for a viable, housing option for lower income persons. Staff anticipates the Coastal Commission will act on the amendment in early 2014. Zoning Program complete. Implement per ordinance and continue to provide information about potential sites to developers. 3.18 Military and Student Referrals The city will assure that information on the availability of assisted or below-market housing is provided to all lower-income and special needs groups. The Housing and Redevelopment Agency will provide information to local military and student housing offices of the availability of low-income housing in Carlsbad. O HNS The city provides information on assisted and below market housing to individuals and groups needing that information through pamphlets, the city’s website, and distribution of info at community events and workshops. The city will continue to reach out to students and members of the military to provide housing opportunities in the city. CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN A-20 Table A-1: 2005-2010 Housing Element Program Implementation Status # 2005-2010 Program Summary of Action Status Dept. Responsible Progress and Effectiveness in Meeting Objectives Appropriateness 3.19 Coastal Housing Monitoring The city will monitor and record Coastal Zone housing data including: • Housing units approved for construction after January 1, 1982. • Housing units for persons and families of low or moderate income in new housing developments. • Dwelling units occupied by persons and families of low or moderate income that are authorized to be demolished or converted • Dwelling units occupied by persons and families of low or moderate income that are required for replacement or authorized to be converted or demolished as identified above O CED • 589 units were constructed in the Coastal Zone between 2005 and 2012. 11,020 units have been developed since 1991. • 25 affordable units. • 0 demolitions authorized. • 0 replacements. Continue as per state law. 3.20 Housing Element Annual Report To retain the Housing Element as a viable policy document, the Planning Department will undertake an annual review of the Housing Element and schedule an amendment if required. As required, staff also monitors the city’s progress in implementing the Housing Element and prepares corresponding reports to the City Council, SANDAG, and California Department of Housing and Community Development annually. O P The City most recently submitted an annual report on progress in implementing the Housing Element in 2011. Continue. 4.1 Fair Housing Services With assistance from outside fair housing agencies, the city will continue to offer fair housing services to its residents and property owners. O HNS The city contracts with The San Diego County Center for Social Advocacy fair housing agency to provide their services to Carlsbad residents and property owners. The city will continue to support fair housing services through information dissemination, monitoring, and partnerships with fair housing service providers. Appendix B: Sites Inventory Supporting Documentation This appendix documents the parcel by parcel sites inventory for the 2013-2020 Housing Element. The inventory is summarized into the following four tables: Table B-1: Vacant Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing Table B-2: Underutilized Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing – Category 1 (Parking Lot and Agricultural Sites) Also includes site photos of largest sites Table B-3: Underutilized Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing – Category 2 (Other Underutilized Uses) Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Housing Vacant Sites Table B-1: Vacant Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing APN General Plan Designation1 Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Unit Capacity, by Household Income Very Low Low Moderate 16805036003 R30 RD-M 4.30 99 - - 1683601600 (Robertson Ranch PA 22) 2, 3 R30 PC 3.76 86 - - 2030540700 V (D1-4) V-R 0.15 2 - - 2031100100 V (D5-9) V-R 0.29 - - 3 2031104800 V (D5-9) V-R 0.18 - - 2 2031730200 V (D1-4) V-R 0.29 4 - - 2032930600 V (D1-4) V-R 0.17 2 - - 2033051000 V (D1-4) V-R 0.20 3 - - 2041600200 R30 RD-M 0.20 4 - - 2080104100 (Robertson Ranch PA 7 and PA 8) 2 R23 (22.7 and 21 du/ac) PC 16.90 - 364 - 2090901100 (Sunny Creek) R23 RD-M 11.58 - - 174 20912001003 R30 RD-M 6.12 141 - - CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN B-2 Table B-1: Vacant Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing APN General Plan Designation1 Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Unit Capacity, by Household Income Very Low Low Moderate 2121100100 to 2121100700 R30 RD-M 8.40 193 - - 2140612100 (EWA) R30 RD-M 7.0 161 - - 2161404300 (Ponto) R30 P-C 6.5 150 - - GC (Mixed Use) 4 P-C 3 - - 11 2161701400 R23 RD-M 0.44 - - 7 2161701500 R23 RD-M 0.42 - - 6 2161701900 R23 RD-M 0.46 - - 7 2162900900 R23 RD-M 0.41 - - 6 2162902000 R23 RD-M 0.27 - - 4 2162902100 R23 RD-M 0.53 - - 8 2163000400 R23 RD-M 0.39 - - 6 2163000500 R23 RD-M 0.41 - - 6 2163000600 R23 RD-M 0.40 - - 6 2163001200 R23 RD-M 0.41 - - 6 2163001300 R23 RD-M 0.30 - - 5 2218810600, 22188116003 R30 RD-M 18.22 419 - - 2230507300 (La Costa Town Square) R23 RD-M 6.32 - - 95 1670402100 (Quarry Creek)5 R15 (13.7 du/ac) P-C 15.6 - - 214 R23 (16.7 du/ac) P-C 5.7 - - 95 R23 (21.5 du/ac) P-C 5.9 - 127 - R23 (21.3 du/ac) P-C 9.4 - 200 - Grand Total 1,264 691 661 Notes: 1. Sites with a General Plan designation “V” are located in the Village area. The “V” land use designation permits mixed-use development; however, development of stand-alone high-density residential projects is also permitted and would yield even more units. To account for non-residential uses, a conservative 50 percent of the potential capacity of units is assumed, while the other 50 percent of developable area could be used for non-residential uses. 2. A master plan for Robertson Ranch was approved in 2006 to provide for a residential community with over 1,300 housing units, open space, and a commercial center. Approval of land subdivision and architecture needs to be obtained before construction. The property is currently vacant and considered appropriate for development. 3. These sites are located in the northeast quadrant of the city. Per the city’s Growth Management Program, a maximum of 9,042 dwelling units are allowed in the northeast quadrant. When the General Plan update, including this Housing Element, is approved by the City Council, the capacity of one or more of these sites may be reduced to ensure compliance with the Growth Management Program, but the sites inventory will remain adequate to accommodate the city’s RHNA. Any change to the sites inventory during adoption of the General Plan will be reflected in this appendix. APPENDIX B B-3 Table B-1: Vacant Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing APN General Plan Designation1 Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Unit Capacity, by Household Income Very Low Low Moderate 4. Residential capacity is calculated based on 25 percent of the site developable acreage at a density of 15 du/ac. 5. A master plan for Quarry Creek was approved in March 2013 to provide for a residential community with 636 housing units, open space and community facilities. Approval of land subdivision and architecture needs to be obtained before construction. The property is currently vacant and considered appropriate for development. Source: City of Carlsbad, Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. Underutilized Sites Table B-2: Underutilized Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing – Category 1 (Parking Lot and Agricultural Sites) APN Existing Use General Plan Designation1 Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Unit Capacity, by Household Income Site Photo Very Low Low Moderate 2031013600 Parking Lot V (D5-9) V-R 0.21 - - 2 - 2031730500 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.25 4 - - - 2031730800 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.33 5 - - - 2031811600 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.22 3 - - - 2032321300 Parking Lot V (D5-9) V-R 0.35 - - 3 - 2032960600 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.37 5 - - - 2033020100 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.14 2 - - - 2033040200 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.16 2 - - - 2033040500 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.17 2 - - - 2033040900 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.25 4 - - - 2033041700 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.16 2 - - - 2033041800 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.16 2 - - - 2033042000 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.16 2 - - - 2033043100 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.18 3 - - - 2033051400 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.24 3 - - - 2033051600 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.57 8 - - - 2033061200 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.24 3 - - - 2033521200 Parking Lot V (D1-4) V-R 0.29 4 - - - 2040310900 Parking R30 RD-M 0.20 4 - - - 2041112000 Parking R30 RD-M 0.80 18 - - - 2041502100 Parking R23 R-3 0.46 - - 7 - 2120405600 Agriculture R30 RD-M 8.96 206 - - #1 CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN B-4 Table B-2: Underutilized Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing – Category 1 (Parking Lot and Agricultural Sites) APN Existing Use General Plan Designation1 Zoning District Site Size (A ) Unit Capacity, by Household Income Site Photo Grand Total 282 0 12 Note: 1. Sites with a General Plan designation “V” are located in the Village area. The “V” land use designation permits mixed-use development; however, development of stand-alone high-density residential projects is also permitted and would yield even more units. To account for non-residential uses, a conservative 50 percent of the potential capacity of units is assumed, while the other 50 percent of developable area could be used for non-residential uses. Source: City of Carlsbad, Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. APPENDIX B B-5 The largest site in the Table B-2 underutilized inventory is also depicted in the photo at right to demonstrate that the site is underutilized and appropriate for residential development. Table B-3: Underutilized Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing – Category 2 (Other Underutilized Uses) APN Existing Use General Plan Designation1 Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Unit Capacity, by Household Income Very Low Low Moderate 1551702400 Residential R23 R-3 0.34 - - 4 1551702500 Residential R23 R-3 0.26 - - 2 1552000400 Office V V-R 0.89 12 - - 1552000700 Office V V-R 0.39 5 - - 1552001000 Office V V-R 0.52 7 - - 1552211100 Office V V-R 0.33 5 - - 1552211200 Office V V-R 0.56 8 - - 2030410200 Private School V V-R 7.23 - - 65 2030510300 Private School V V-R 2.79 - - 25 2030510400 Commercial V V-R 0.54 - - 5 2030520100 Private School V V-R 0.35 - - 3 2030520200 Private School V V-R 0.77 - - 7 2030530100 Private School V V-R 0.9 - - 8 2030540100 Commercial V V-R 0.24 3 - - 2030540300 Industrial V V-R 0.24 3 - - 2030541400 Commercial V V-R 0.13 2 - - 2030541800 Industrial V V-R 0.22 3 - - 2030541900 Commercial V V-R 0.49 7 - - 2030542000 Industrial V V-R 0.25 4 - - 2030542100 Office V V-R 0.25 4 - - 2030542200 Office V V-R 0.5 7 - - 2030542400 Commercial V V-R 0.23 3 - - 2030542500 Industrial V V-R 0.23 3 - - 2030542600 Commercial V V-R 0.25 4 - - 2030542700 Industrial V V-R 0.36 5 - - 2031010100 Industrial V V-R 0.31 4 - - CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN B-6 Table B-3: Underutilized Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing – Category 2 (Other Underutilized Uses) APN Existing Use General Plan Designation1 Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Unit Capacity, by Household Income Very Low Low Moderate 2031010300 Commercial V V-R 0.15 2 - - 2031010400 Industrial V V-R 0.24 3 - - 2031011100 Industrial V V-R 0.24 3 - - 2031011200 Commercial V V-R 0.21 3 - - 2031011400 Office V V-R 0.23 - - 2 2031011500 Industrial V V-R 0.21 3 - - 2031011600 Commercial V V-R 0.23 3 - - 2031011800 Residential V V-R 0.31 - - 2 2031011900 Industrial V V-R 0.18 3 - - 2031012000 Residential V V-R 0.24 2 - 2031012100 Office V V-R 0.2 - - 2 2031012200 RV Camp Site V V-R 0.93 12 - - 2031012300 Office V V-R 0.44 - - 4 2031012400 Commercial V V-R 0.47 7 - - 2031012500 Industrial V V-R 0.23 3 - - 2031012800 Residential V V-R 0.24 2 - - 2031012900 Commercial V V-R 0.87 12 - - 2031013400 Office V V-R 0.19 3 - - 2031020500 Office V V-R 0.43 - 4 2031021400 Residential V V-R 0.42 - - 3 2031021500 Office V V-R 0.43 - - 4 2031023400 Office V V-R 0.45 - - 4 2031023500 Office V V-R 0.29 - - 3 2031100900 Office V V-R 0.53 - - 5 2031103800 Office V V-R 0.17 - - 2 2031103900 Office V V-R 0.17 - - 2 2031420600 Private School V V-R 0.5 - - 5 2031430100 Office V V-R 0.35 - - 3 2031430200 Office V V-R 0.18 - - 2 2031430700 Church V V-R 2.16 - - 19 2031730400 Commercial V V-R 0.19 3 - - 2031730900 Commercial V V-R 0.35 5 - - 2031740600 Commercial V V-R 1.78 25 - - 2031740700 Commercial V V-R 1.79 25 - - APPENDIX B B-7 Table B-3: Underutilized Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing – Category 2 (Other Underutilized Uses) APN Existing Use General Plan Designation1 Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Unit Capacity, by Household Income Very Low Low Moderate 2031750100 Commercial V V-R 0.28 4 - - 2031750200 Commercial V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2031750300 Commercial V V-R 0.45 6 - - 2031750400 Office V V-R 0.23 3 - - 2031750500 Residential V V-R 0.23 2 - - 2031750600 Commercial V V-R 0.23 3 - - 2031750700 Residential V V-R 0.25 3 - - 2031750800 Commercial V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2031810400 Commercial V V-R 0.31 4 - - 2031810500 Commercial V V-R 0.15 2 - - 2031810700 Commercial V V-R 0.23 3 - - 2031810800 Office V V-R 0.22 3 - - 2031810900 Commercial V V-R 0.22 3 - - 2031811200 Commercial V V-R 0.59 8 - - 2031811300 Commercial V V-R 0.35 5 - - 2031811900 Commercial V V-R 0.71 10 - - 2031820400 Commercial V V-R 2.36 33 - - 2031820800 Post Office V V-R 1.43 20 - - 2032020700 Commercial V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2032021300 Office V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2032021800 Commercial V V-R 0.95 13 - - 2032320400 Commercial V V-R 0.52 - - 5 2032320800 Commercial V V-R 0.18 - - 2 2032321600 Commercial V V-R 0.46 - - 4 2032500600 Commercial V V-R 0.37 - - 3 2032600500 Residential R23 R-3 0.39 - - 2 2032610300 Residential V V-R 0.34 4 - - 2032610700 Office V V-R 0.66 9 - - 2032910100 Commercial V V-R 0.21 3 - - 2032910300 Commercial V V-R 0.31 4 - - 2032920100 Commercial V V-R 0.24 4 - - 2032920500 Commercial V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2032920700 Commercial V V-R 0.24 3 - - 2032920800 Commercial V V-R 0.17 2 - - CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN B-8 Table B-3: Underutilized Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing – Category 2 (Other Underutilized Uses) APN Existing Use General Plan Designation1 Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Unit Capacity, by Household Income Very Low Low Moderate 2032920900 Commercial V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2032921000 Office V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2032921100 Commercial V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2032921800 Commercial V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2032922100 Commercial V V-R 0.41 6 - - 2032930400 Commercial V V-R 0.17 2 - - 2032930500 Commercial V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2032930800 Commercial V V-R 0.17 2 - - 2032950100 Commercial V V-R 0.23 3 - - 2032960700 Commercial V V-R 0.15 2 - - 2032960800 Commercial V V-R 0.26 4 - - 2032970200 Commercial V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2032970300 Commercial V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2032970500 Commercial V V-R 0.14 2 - - 2033010500 Commercial V V-R 0.73 10 - - 2033020200 Commercial V V-R 0.22 3 - - 2033020400 Residential V V-R 0.21 2 - - 2033032100 Office V V-R 0.33 5 - - 2033032400 Commercial V V-R 0.48 7 - - 2033032600 Office V V-R 0.48 7 - - 2033032700 Office V V-R 0.32 4 - - 2033032800 Office V V-R 0.49 7 - - 2033041900 Office V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2033042600 Commercial V V-R 0.2 3 - - 2033042700 Commercial V V-R 0.24 3 - - 2033043000 Office V V-R 0.17 2 - - 2033051100 Office V V-R 0.24 3 - - 2033051300 Office V V-R 0.4 6 - - 2033051500 Office V V-R 0.56 8 - - 2033060200 Commercial V V-R 0.14 2 - - 2033060900 Commercial V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2033510300 Office V V-R 0.17 2 - - 2033510700 Office V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2033511100 Office V V-R 0.16 2 - - APPENDIX B B-9 Table B-3: Underutilized Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing – Category 2 (Other Underutilized Uses) APN Existing Use General Plan Designation1 Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Unit Capacity, by Household Income Very Low Low Moderate 2033511200 Office V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2033511300 Office V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2033511600 Commercial V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2033511800 Commercial V V-R 0.48 7 - - 2033512000 Office V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2033521300 Commercial V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2033521800 Church V V-R 0.64 9 - - 2033530400 Office V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2033530900 Commercial V V-R 0.48 7 - - 2033540100 Office V V-R 0.16 2 - - 2033540500 Office V V-R 0.17 2 - - 2033540700 Office V V-R 0.22 3 - - 2033541300 Office V V-R 0.24 3 - - 2033541500 Office V V-R 0.73 10 - - 2033541900 Office V V-R 0.57 8 - - 2033550400 Commercial V V-R 0.32 4 - - 2033550500 Commercial V V-R 0.32 4 - 2040310300 Residential R30 RDM 0.16 3 - - 2040310400 Residential R30 RDM 0.17 3 - - 2040700900 Residential R30 RDM 0.5 9 - - 2040701000 Residential R30 RDM 0.17 3 - - 2040840600 Residential R30 RDM 0.16 2 - - 2040840800 Residential R30 RDM 0.24 5 - - 2041100100 Residential R30 RDM 0.28 4 - - 2041110200 Residential R30 RDM 0.43 8 - - 2041110600 Residential R30 RDM 0.39 7 - - 2041111300 Residential R30 RDM 0.18 2 - - 2041111400 Residential R30 RDM 0.42 6 - - 2041111500 Residential R30 RDM 0.2 4 - - 2041111700 Residential R30 RDM 0.4 7 - - 2041310300 Residential R23 R-3 0.5 - - 6 2041311200 Residential R23 R-3 0.27 - - 3 2041320500 Residential R23 R-3 0.26 - - 3 2041320600 Residential R23 R-3 0.27 - - 3 CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN B-10 Table B-3: Underutilized Sites for Lower and Moderate Income Housing – Category 2 (Other Underutilized Uses) APN Existing Use General Plan Designation1 Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Unit Capacity, by Household Income Very Low Low Moderate 2041321700 Residential R23 R-3 0.57 - - 6 2041501700 Residential R23 R-3 0.31 - - 3 2041600300 Residential R30 RDM 0.17 3 - - 2041600900 Residential R30 RDM 0.69 2 - - 2041910500 Residential R30 RDM 0.41 7 - - 2041920500 Residential R30 RDM 0.27 4 - - 2041920600 Residential R30 RDM 0.27 5 - - 2041920700 Residential R30 RDM 0.26 5 - - 2041920900 Residential R30 RDM 0.23 4 - - 2042340100 Residential R23 R-3 0.24 - - 3 2042340200 Residential R23 R-3 0.25 - - 3 2042341200 Residential R23 R-3 0.27 - - 3 2042401300 Residential R23 R-3 0.29 - - 3 2042401400 Residential R23 R-3 0.31 - - 3 2042402200 Residential R23 R-3 0.88 - - 12 2042800100 Residential R30 RDM 9.66 124 - - 2042800200 Residential R30 RDM 1.9 26 - - 2042800500 Residential R30 RDM 0.44 8 - - 2042802600 Residential R30 RDM 0.24 5 - - 2042910100 Residential R30 RDM 0.16 2 - - Various2 Residential R30 RDM .13 to .37 - 140 - 2042912700 Residential R30 RDM 0.16 2 - - Grand Total 820 140 252 Notes: 1. Sites with a General Plan designation “V” are located in the Village area. The “V” land use designation permits mixed-use development; however, development of stand-alone high-density residential projects is also permitted and would yield even more units. To account for non-residential uses, a conservative 50 percent of the potential capacity of units is assumed, while the other 50 percent of developable area could be used for non-residential uses. 2. Harding Street Neighborhood, LP parcels (APNs: 2042911400 to 1700, 2042911900 to 2700, 2042920100 to 0200, 2042921000 to 1400, and 2042921600 to 2200). Source: Dyett & Bhatia, City of Carlsbad, 2013. APPENDIX B B-11 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 1683700300 Vacant R8 P-C 0.16 1 1683700400 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683702000 Vacant R8 P-C 0.21 1 1683702500 Vacant R8 P-C 0.16 1 1683702600 Vacant R8 P-C 0.16 1 1683730100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 2060920800 Vacant R15 R-2 0.30 2 2061200100 Vacant R15 RD-M-Q 0.48 4 2061200200 Vacant R15 RD-M-Q 0.50 4 2071012800 Agriculture R15 RDM 14.94 120 2080104100 Vacant OS/R4/R8/L PC 65.8 308 2090604800 Residential/ Stables R15 RDM 13.40 104 2152403600 Vacant R15 RD-M 3.50 28 2231704500 Vacant R15 RD-M-Q 0.40 3 1551016800 Vacant R1.5 R-1-30000 0.29 1 1551702000 Residential R23 R-3 0.22 2 1551702100 Residential R23 R-3 0.17 2 1551702900 Residential R15 R-3 0.32 2 1551802300 Residential R15 R-3 0.52 3 1551901500 Vacant R1.5 R-1-30000 1.09 1 1551901600 Vacant R1.5 R-1-30000 0.39 1 1552210500 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.55 2 1552231800 Residential R15 R-3 0.73 5 1552511800 Residential R15 R-3 0.26 1 1552511900 Residential R15 R-3 0.28 1 1552512000 Residential R15 R-3 0.23 2 1552512100 Residential R15 R-3 0.23 1 1552512200 Residential R15 R-3 0.22 1 1552711500 Residential R15 R-3 0.20 1 1552711700 Residential R15 R-3 0.31 1 1552711900 Residential R15 R-3 0.28 1 1552712000 Residential R15 R-3 0.28 1 1552712100 Vacant R15 R-3 0.16 1 1552712800 Residential R15 R-3 0.24 1 1560511800 Vacant R4/OS R-1 1.04 3 CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN B-12 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 1560511900 Vacant R4/OS R-1 1.90 6 1560512200 Residential R4 R-1 1.14 2 1560512300 Vacant R4 R-1 2.03 6 1560521200 Vacant R4 R-1 0.17 1 1560524700 Vacant R4 R-1 0.17 1 1560904100 Vacant R8 RD-M 2.69 11 1561108300 Vacant R4 R-1 0.24 1 1561108400 Vacant R4 R-1 0.27 1 1561301800 Residential R4 R-1 0.48 1 1561302600 Vacant R4 R-1 0.51 2 1561303200 Vacant R4 R-1 0.14 1 1561420300 Residential R4 R-1 1.14 1 1561420800 Residential R4 R-1 0.49 1 1561424800 Vacant R4 R-1 0.29 1 1561425100 Vacant R4 R-1 0.20 1 1561425400 Vacant R4 R-1 0.20 1 1561425600 Vacant R4 R-1 0.65 2 1561521000 Residential R4 R-1-9500 0.48 1 1561521200 Residential R4 R-1-9500 0.47 1 1561521300 Residential R4 R-1-9500 0.71 1 1561522900 Vacant R4 R-1-9500 0.28 1 1561523700 Vacant R4 R-1-9500 0.17 1 1561901100 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.51 2 1561901800 Residential R4 R-1-10000 0.71 1 1561902400 Vacant R4 R-1 0.15 1 1561903200 Residential R4 R-1 0.68 1 1561903400 Garage R4 R-1-10000 0.28 1 1562000100 Vacant R4 R-1 0.29 1 1562000200 Vacant R4 R-1 0.30 1 1562001300 Residential R4 R-1-10000 0.54 1 1562002900 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.20 1 1562003100 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.22 1 1562003200 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.21 1 1562120400 Vacant R4 R-1 1.90 6 1562120500 Vacant R4 R-1 1.72 6 1562121100 Residential R4 R-1-10000 1.58 4 APPENDIX B B-13 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 1562122500 Vacant R4 R-1 0.18 1 1562200200 Residential R4 R-1-9500 3.08 9 1562313600 Vacant R4 R-1 0.19 1 1562314100 Residential R4 R-1 0.49 1 1562314800 Vacant R4 R-1 0.20 1 1562317000 Vacant R4 R-1 0.18 1 1562706200 Residential R4 R-1 0.56 1 1563500100 Vacant R4/OS R-1 0.30 1 1563510100 Vacant R4/OS R-1 0.90 3 1563510300 Vacant R4 R-1 0.60 2 1563510700 Residential R4 R-1 1.20 3 1563510800 Vacant R4 R-1 3.48 11 1563511300 Residential R4 R-1 1.03 2 1563511900 Vacant R4 R-1 0.37 1 1670307300 Driving Range R8/OS R-1-10000 6.00 24 1670520600 Residential R4 R-A-10000 0.64 1 1670531900 Vacant R4 R-A-10000 0.12 1 1670532000 Vacant R4 R-A-10000 0.39 1 1670701200 Vacant R4 R-A-10000 0.26 1 1670703100 Residential R4 R-A-10000 0.69 1 1670803300 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.45 1 1670803400 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.47 1 1670803500 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.52 2 1670803600 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.54 2 1670804100 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 1.00 3 1670804200 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.44 1 1670804600 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.17 1 1671120500 Residential R4 R-A-10000 1.08 2 1671241000 Vacant R4 R-A-10000 0.28 1 1672302400 Vacant R4 P-C 0.70 2 1672302500 Vacant R4 P-C 0.85 3 1672500600 Vacant R4/R15 R-A-10000 0.30 1 1675705100 Residential R8 RD-M-Q 0.60 1 1675805100 Vacant R4 R-A-10000 0.37 1 1680505700 Vacant R4/OS OS/R-1-0.5Q 13.50 43 1683700100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN B-14 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 1683700200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683700500 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683700600 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683700700 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683700800 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683700900 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683701000 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683701100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683701200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683701300 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683701400 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683701500 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683701600 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683701700 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683701800 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683701900 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683702100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.16 1 1683702200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.16 1 1683702300 Vacant R8 P-C 0.20 1 1683702400 Vacant R8 P-C 0.20 1 1683702700 Vacant R8 P-C 0.15 1 1683702800 Vacant R8 P-C 0.15 1 1683704900 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683705000 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683705100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683705200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683705300 Vacant R8 P-C 0.15 1 1683705400 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683705500 Vacant R8 P-C 0.16 1 1683705600 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683705700 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683705800 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683705900 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683706000 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683706100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683706200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 APPENDIX B B-15 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 1683706300 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683706400 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683706500 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683706600 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683707700 Vacant R8 P-C 0.15 1 1683707800 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683707900 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683708000 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683708100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.16 1 1683708200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.31 1 1683710100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683710200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683710300 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683710400 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683710500 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683710600 Vacant R8 P-C 0.18 1 1683710700 Vacant R8 P-C 0.20 1 1683710800 Vacant R8 P-C 0.17 1 1683710900 Vacant R8 P-C 0.16 1 1683711000 Vacant R8 P-C 0.16 1 1683711100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.16 1 1683711200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.16 1 1683711300 Vacant R8 P-C 0.18 1 1683711400 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683711500 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683711600 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683711700 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683711800 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683711900 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683712000 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683712100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683712200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683712300 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683712400 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683712500 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683712600 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN B-16 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 1683712700 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683712800 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683712900 Vacant R8 P-C 0.15 1 1683713000 Vacant R8 P-C 0.17 1 1683713100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.22 1 1683713200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683713300 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683713400 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683713500 Vacant R8 P-C 0.15 1 1683713600 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683713700 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683713800 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683713900 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683714000 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683714400 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683714500 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683714600 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683714700 Vacant R8 P-C 0.15 1 1683714800 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683714900 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683715000 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683715400 Vacant R8 P-C 0.16 1 1683715500 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683717000 Vacant R8 P-C 0.75 3 1683717100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.23 1 1683720700 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683721100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.17 1 1683721200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.15 1 1683721300 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683721400 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683721500 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683721600 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683721700 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683721800 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683721900 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683722000 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 APPENDIX B B-17 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 1683722100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.18 1 1683722200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683722300 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683722400 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683722500 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683722600 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683722700 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683722800 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683722900 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683723000 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683725100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.15 1 1683725200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.16 1 1683725300 Vacant R8 P-C 0.17 1 1683725400 Vacant R8 P-C 0.15 1 1683725500 Vacant R8 P-C 0.15 1 1683725600 Vacant R8 P-C 0.15 1 1683725700 Vacant R8 P-C 0.15 1 1683725800 Vacant R8 P-C 0.15 1 1683725900 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683726000 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683726100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683726200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683730200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683730300 Vacant R8 P-C 0.13 1 1683730400 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 1683730500 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683730600 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683730700 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683730800 Vacant R8 P-C 0.14 1 1683733100 Vacant R8 P-C 0.12 1 1683733200 Vacant R8 P-C 0.11 1 2030210300 Residential R15 R-3 0.25 1 2031302500 Residential R15/O R-3 0.20 1 2031302600 Residential R15/O R-3 0.21 1 2031440300 Hotel R15 R-3 0.62 5 2032020300 Parking Lot R15 R-3 0.40 3 CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN B-18 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 2040310100 Vacant R30 RDM 0.10 2 2040310200 Vacant R30 RDM 0.09 2 2040321000 Residential R30 RDM 0.15 1 2040701500 Residential R30 RDM 0.14 2 2040840400 Residential R30 RDM 0.15 1 2041101200 Vacant R30 RDM 0.14 3 2041103200 Residential R30 RDM 0.13 2 2041111000 Residential R30 RDM 0.14 2 2041111100 Residential R30 RDM 0.14 2 2041111200 Residential R30 RDM 0.14 2 2041711000 Vacant R15 RDM 0.08 1 2041712300 Residential R15 RDM 0.24 1 2041720400 Vacant R15 RDM 0.08 1 2041721400 Residential R15 RDM 0.33 2 2041722700 Residential R15 RDM 0.20 1 2041722800 Residential R15 RDM 0.21 1 2041910800 Residential R30 RDM 0.14 1 2041921000 Residential R30 RDM 0.09 1 2042100300 Residential R15 RDM 0.45 3 2042100400 Residential R15 RDM 0.19 1 2042101100 Residential R15 RDM 0.22 1 2042101200 Residential R15 RDM 0.19 1 2042910300 Residential R30 RDM 0.14 1 2042910400 Residential R30 RDM 0.15 1 2042910500 Residential R30 RDM 0.15 1 2042910700 Residential R30 RDM 0.15 1 2042910800 Residential R30 RDM 0.15 1 2042912800 Residential R30 RDM 0.14 2 2042912900 Residential R30 RDM 0.15 1 2050200300 Residential R4/R8 R-1 0.41 1 2050200400 Residential R4/R8 R-1 0.43 1 2050201800 Residential R4 R-1 0.53 1 2050202700 Residential R8 R-1 0.63 2 2050202900 Residential R8 RD-M-Q 0.42 1 2050203200 Residential R8 RD-M-Q 0.46 1 2050203300 Residential R8 RD-M-Q 0.44 1 APPENDIX B B-19 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 2050204300 Vacant R4/R8 R-1 0.24 2 2050520800 Residential R4 R-1 0.56 1 2050604200 Vacant R4 R-1 0.26 1 2050607800 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.35 1 2051122300 Residential R4 R-1 0.49 1 2051124600 Vacant R4 R-1 0.19 1 2051201800 Residential R4 R-1 1.02 2 2051302100 Residential R4 R-1 0.74 1 2051601600 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.20 1 2051900600 Residential R4 R-1 0.47 1 2052102100 Vacant R4 R-1 0.55 2 2052102200 Residential R4 R-1 0.47 1 2052103000 Residential R4 R-1 0.91 2 2052103100 Vacant R4 R-1 0.45 1 2052107100 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.28 1 2052109600 Vacant R4 R-1 0.22 1 2052200700 Residential R4 R-1 0.50 1 2052201500 Residential R4 R-1 0.66 1 2052201600 Vacant R4 R-1 0.67 2 2052209300 Residential R4 R-1-10000 1.32 2 2052207300 Vacant R4 R-1 0.16 1 2052208600 Vacant R4 R-1 0.32 1 2052300400 Vacant R4 R-1 0.39 1 2052301400 Residential R4 R-1 0.72 1 2052604000 Vacant R4 R-1 0.23 1 2052701300 Residential R4 R-1 0.98 2 2052803200 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.24 1 2052805600 Vacant R4 R-1 0.20 1 2052807400 Vacant R4 R-1 0.27 1 2060422800 Residential R4 R-1 0.92 2 2060424700 Vacant R4 R-1 0.15 1 2060801300 Residential R15 RD-M 0.27 1 2060801500 Residential R15 RD-M 0.39 2 2060801600 Residential R15 RD-M 0.29 1 2060801700 Residential R15 RD-M 0.24 1 2060910800 Residential R15 R-2 0.35 2 CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN B-20 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 2060920300 Residential R15 R-2 0.25 1 2060920900 Residential R15 R-2 0.64 4 2061200700 Residential R4 R-1 0.50 1 2061201600 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 1.43 4 2061201800 Vacant R8 RD-M/R-T 0.34 1 2061202100 Residential R8/TR/OS RD-M/R-T 0.43 1 2061202300 Residential R15 RD-M 0.36 2 2061202900 Boat Launch TR/R8/OS RD-M/R-T 0.30 1 2061203600 Boat Launch R8/TR/OS RD-M/R-T 1.45 6 2061203900 Residential R15 RD-M-Q 0.36 1 2061204000 Residential R15 RD-M-Q 0.46 3 2061501200 Residential R4 R-1-15000 1.73 5 2061502600 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.38 1 2061600200 Residential R4 R-1-15000 0.75 1 2061600300 Residential R4 R-1-15000 0.94 1 2061601000 Residential R4 R-1-15000 0.75 1 2061601100 Residential R4 R-1-15000 0.75 1 2061601300 Residential R4 R-1-15000 1.30 3 2061710300 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.85 3 2061710800 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.38 1 2061710900 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.51 1 2061720100 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.66 2 2061720200 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.49 1 2061720300 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.40 1 2061720400 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.30 1 2061720500 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 1.30 4 2061720600 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 2.00 6 2061720700 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 1.40 4 2061803200 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 1.15 4 2061804000 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.35 1 2061804100 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.42 1 2061805000 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.46 1 2061805100 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.46 1 2061920700 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.80 2 2061921400 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.76 2 2061923100 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.28 1 APPENDIX B B-21 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 2061923800 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.30 1 2061924100 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.30 1 2061924500 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.50 1 2061924800 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.63 1 2061924900 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.42 1 2062000100 Vacant R4/OS R-1-15000 0.30 1 2062000300 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.38 1 2062000400 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.41 1 2070210300 Residential R4 R-1 0.53 1 2070210400 Residential R4 R-1 0.47 1 2070215400 Residential R4 R-1 0.49 1 2070221100 Vacant R4 R-1 0.26 1 2070226500 Vacant R4 R-1 0.25 1 2070226700 Vacant R4 R-1 0.26 1 2070615400 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.34 1 2070634800 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.34 1 2070730600 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.35 1 2070730900 Residential R8 R-A-10000 0.55 1 2070840600 Residential R4 R-1-15000 0.47 1 2070901900 Residential R4 R-1-10000 1.00 2 2070902000 Vacant R4/OS R-1-10000 0.77 2 2071004800 Vacant R4/OS R-1-8000/OS 2.66 9 2071010900 Vacant R4 R-A-10000 1.45 5 2071204000 Residential R4 R-1 0.53 1 2071206800 Vacant R4 R-1 0.18 1 2071207000 Vacant R4 R-1 0.26 1 2071207100 Vacant R4 R-1 0.26 1 2071207300 Vacant R4 R-1 0.18 1 2071307300 Residential R4 R-1-10000/R-1- 7500 1.05 2 2071500100 Vacant R23 R-W 0.13 2 2071500200 Vacant R23 R-W 0.10 2 2071500300 Vacant R23 R-W 0.11 2 2071501500 Vacant R23 R-W 0.11 2 2071505700 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.16 1 2071507300 Vacant R23 R-W 0.11 2 CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN B-22 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 2071800800 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.40 1 2071800900 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.53 2 2071801000 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.18 1 2071801200 Vacant R4 R-1-15000 0.43 1 2072607700 Vacant R4 R-1 0.18 1 2073852000 Vacant R4 R-A-10000 0.18 1 2080401200 Vacant R4 R-A-10000 0.91 3 2080401500 Vacant R4 R-A-10000 0.81 3 2081840900 Vacant R8 RD-M-Q 1.69 7 2090402700 Vacant R4 R-A-2.5 3.30 2 2090602300 Residential R4/OS L-C 3.20 9 2090606100 Vacant R4/OS R-1-0.5-Q/OS 16.62 19 2090606500 Vacant R4/OS L-C 7.00 22 2090606800 Vacant R4/OS L-C 1.50 5 2090700300 Vacant R1.5 R-A-10000 3.84 4 2090700700 Vacant R1.5/OS R-E 83.00 83 2090701300 Vacant OS/R4/R15 R-1-0.5-Q/OS/L-C 32.75 105 2090701600 Agriculture R1.5/OS L-C 65.91 66 2100201600 Vacant R4/OS R-1 0.29 1 2100330900 Vacant R4 R-1 0.13 1 2100620900 Vacant R4 R-2 0.14 1 2101150800 Vacant R4 R-1 0.16 1 2101150900 Vacant R4 R-1 0.16 1 2101151900 Vacant R4 R-1 0.16 1 2101203100 Vacant R4/OS R-1 0.30 1 2120100300 Vacant R1.5/OS R-1-30000/OS 5.47 5 2120503300 Vacant R4 R-1 8.00 26 2130501600 Vacant R4 E-A-Q 1.50 5 2132500600 Vacant R4 P-C 0.52 2 2132501100 Vacant R4 P-C 0.56 2 2132501200 Vacant R4 P-C 0.68 2 2140210400 Vacant R8 R-1-10000 0.11 1 2140211100 Vacant R8 R-1-10000 0.11 1 2140220100 Vacant R8 R-1-10000 0.10 1 2140220400 Vacant R8 R-1-10000 0.11 1 2140230400 Vacant R8 R-1-10000 0.13 1 APPENDIX B B-23 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 2140231300 Vacant R8 R-1-10000 0.12 1 2144731600 Vacant R8 RD-M-Q 0.17 1 2146302000 Vacant R4 R-1 0.49 2 2146312100 Vacant R4 R-1 1.10 4 2150200700 Vacant R4 L-C 16.00 51 2150400900 Vacant R4/OS R-1/OS 1.76 6 2150401100 Vacant R4/OS R-1/OS 1.13 4 2150501200 Vacant R4/OS L-C 4.58 15 2150502100 Vacant R4/OS L-C 6.60 21 2150502200 Vacant R4/OS L-C 5.00 16 2150504400 Vacant R4/OS R-1 2.50 8 2150504500 Vacant R4/OS R-1 2.45 8 2150504600 Vacant R4/OS R-1 2.00 6 2150504700 Vacant R4/OS R-1 3.50 11 2150510400 Residential R4/OS P-C 12.00 36 2150702300 Vacant R4 L-C 0.74 2 2150703800 Vacant R4 L-C 8.19 26 2150704300 Vacant R4 L-C 1.76 6 2150704400 Vacant R4 L-C 0.73 2 2150704500 Vacant R4 L-C 2.00 6 2150705100 Vacant R4 R-1-Q 0.19 1 2150705200 Vacant R4 R-1-Q 0.23 1 2151303200 Vacant R4 R-1 0.20 1 2152202400 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.53 2 2152205900 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.66 2 2152311200 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.50 2 2152320100 Vacant R4 R-1-10000 0.31 1 2152500900 Vacant R4 R-1 0.95 3 2152700400 Vacant R4 R-1 0.30 1 2153004000 Vacant R8 R-2 0.18 1 2153100500 Vacant R8 R-2 0.25 1 2153203600 Vacant R8 R-2 0.24 1 2153504200 Vacant R4 R-1 0.28 1 2153504800 Vacant R4 R-1 0.29 1 2153702800 Vacant R4 R-1 1.80 6 2153903500 Vacant R4 R-1/P-C 0.33 1 CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN B-24 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 2154001100 Vacant R1.5 R-1-15000 0.56 1 2154001500 Vacant R1.5 R-1-15000 0.63 1 2154400200 Vacant R1.5 R-1-15000 0.62 1 2154401300 Vacant R1.5 R-1-15000 0.86 1 2154401900 Vacant R1.5 R-1-15000 1.66 2 2154501800 Vacant R1.5 R-1-15000 0.58 1 2154600200 Vacant R1.5 R-1-15000 0.63 1 2154600500 Vacant R1.5 R-1-15000 0.74 1 2154600600 Vacant R1.5 R-1-15000 0.73 1 2154910900 Vacant R1.5 P-C 0.77 1 2154911200 Vacant R1.5 P-C 0.78 1 2154913600 Vacant R1.5 P-C 0.78 1 2154913900 Residential R1.5 P-C 2.42 1 2154915000 Vacant R1.5 P-C 1.06 1 2154920200 Vacant R1.5 P-C 1.40 1 2154931400 Vacant R1.5 P-C 1.94 2 2154931500 Residential R1.5 P-C 1.95 1 2154931800 Vacant R1.5 P-C 0.66 1 2154942200 Vacant R1.5 P-C 0.49 1 2156002300 Vacant R4 P-C 0.17 1 2156002400 Vacant R4 P-C 0.17 1 2156002500 Vacant R4 P-C 0.18 1 2156002600 Vacant R4 P-C 0.20 1 2156002700 Vacant R4 P-C 0.32 1 2156100600 Vacant R4 P-C 0.22 1 2156101100 Vacant R4 P-C 0.23 1 2156102000 Vacant R4 P-C 0.36 1 2156102800 Vacant R4 P-C 0.25 1 2156102900 Vacant R4 P-C 0.24 1 2156110500 Vacant R4 P-C 0.25 1 2156111900 Vacant R4 P-C 0.38 1 2156112500 Vacant R4 P-C 0.44 1 2159503900 Vacant R4 R-1 0.27 1 2159504000 Vacant R4 R-1 0.26 1 2159504100 Vacant R4 R-1 0.27 1 2159504200 Vacant R4 R-1 0.25 1 APPENDIX B B-25 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 2159504300 Vacant R4 R-1 0.23 1 2159504400 Vacant R4 R-1 0.23 1 2159504500 Vacant R4 R-1 0.22 1 2159504600 Vacant R4 R-1 0.20 1 2159504700 Vacant R4 R-1 0.26 1 2159504800 Vacant R4 R-1 0.24 1 2159504900 Vacant R4 R-1 0.26 1 2159505000 Vacant R4 R-1 0.26 1 2159505100 Vacant R4 R-1 0.22 1 2159505200 Vacant R4 R-1 0.26 1 2159505300 Vacant R4 R-1 0.22 1 2159505400 Vacant R4 R-1 0.23 1 2161212200 Vacant R8/OS P-C 12.07 48 2161600500 Vacant R4 R-1 0.30 1 2161601000 Vacant R4 R-1 0.24 1 2161601800 Vacant R4 R-1 0.30 1 2161602300 Vacant R4 R-1 0.44 1 2161900100 Vacant R4 R-1 0.21 1 2161902000 Vacant R8 R-2 0.30 1 2161902100 Vacant R8 R-2 0.29 1 2161902200 Vacant R8 R-2 0.26 1 2161903900 Vacant R8 R-2 0.26 1 2162201000 Vacant R4 R-1 0.22 1 2162306200 Vacant R4 R-1 0.27 1 2162401800 Vacant R8 R-2 0.31 1 2162506300 Vacant R4 R-1 0.35 1 2162801200 Vacant R4 R-1 0.24 1 2162801900 Vacant R4 R-1 0.26 1 2163600900 Vacant R4 R-1 0.30 1 2165930900 Vacant R4 P-C 0.89 3 2230507100 Vacant R8/OS P-C 5.2 32 2230507400 Vacant L/R4/OS P-C 20 63 2230610200 Vacant R4/OS R-1-10000/OS 25.84 56 2231200100 Vacant R4 R-1 0.24 1 2231200200 Vacant R4 R-1 0.25 1 2231200300 Vacant R4 R-1 0.25 1 CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN B-26 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 2231305000 Vacant R4 R-1 0.23 1 2231701800 Residential R15 RD-M-Q 0.77 8 2232500700 Vacant R4 P-C 0.60 2 2232501200 Vacant R4 P-C 0.75 2 2232501400 Vacant R4 P-C 0.75 2 2232601100 Vacant R4 P-C 0.96 3 2237921800 Vacant R4 P-C 0.21 1 2237922000 Vacant R1.5 P-C 0.33 1 2238300100 Vacant R4 P-C 0.15 1 2238300200 Vacant R4 P-C 0.15 1 2238300300 Vacant R4 P-C 0.17 1 2238300700 Vacant R4 P-C 0.16 1 2238300800 Vacant R4 P-C 0.15 1 2238300900 Vacant R4 P-C 0.16 1 2238301000 Vacant R4 P-C 0.16 1 2238301100 Vacant R4 P-C 0.16 1 2238301200 Vacant R4 P-C 0.14 1 2238301300 Vacant R4 P-C 0.14 1 2238301400 Vacant R4 P-C 0.27 1 2238301500 Vacant R4 P-C 0.17 1 2238301600 Vacant R4 P-C 0.16 1 2238301700 Vacant R4 P-C 0.16 1 2238301800 Vacant R4 P-C 0.18 1 2238301900 Vacant R4 P-C 0.17 1 2238302300 Vacant R4 P-C 0.17 1 2238302400 Vacant R4 P-C 0.16 1 2238302500 Vacant R4 P-C 0.23 1 2238302900 Vacant R4 P-C 0.13 1 2238303000 Vacant R4 P-C 0.13 1 2238303400 Vacant R4 P-C 0.14 1 2238303500 Vacant R4 P-C 0.12 1 2238303600 Vacant R4 P-C 0.17 1 2238303700 Vacant R4 P-C 0.12 1 2238303800 Vacant R4 P-C 0.12 1 2238304100 Vacant R4 P-C 0.28 1 2238411800 Vacant R4 P-C 0.17 1 APPENDIX B B-27 Table B-4: Vacant and Underutilized Sites for Above Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Designation Zoning District Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Above Moderate Income) 2238411900 Vacant R4 P-C 0.24 1 2238412100 Vacant R4 P-C 0.26 1 2238412400 Vacant R4 P-C 0.18 1 2238421500 Vacant R4 P-C 0.17 1 2238421600 Vacant R4 P-C 0.16 1 2238421700 Vacant R4 P-C 0.23 1 2238421800 Vacant R4 P-C 0.24 1 2238421900 Vacant R4 P-C 0.16 1 2238423700 Vacant R4 P-C 0.20 1 Grand Total 2,172 Source: Dyett & Bhatia, City of Carlsbad, 2013 CITY OF CARLSBAD DRAFT GENERAL PLAN B-28 Table B-5: Vacant and Underutilized Commercial Mixed Use Sites for Moderate Income Households APN Existing Use General Plan Zoning Site Size (Acres) Capacity (Moderate Income) 1563010600, 1563011000, 1563011100, 1563021400, 1563022400 Plaza Camino Real R C-2 57 (parking lot only) 214 1563011600 North County Plaza OS/R C-2-Q/OS 12 45 2060501600, 2060501700, 2060501800, 2060502000 Von’s Center L C-1 5 19 2071012400, 2071012500 Country Store L C-2/C-2-Q 5 19 2090901100 Vacant (Sunny Creek) L C-L 6.02 23 2161241600, 2161241700 Von’s Center L, L/OS C-1-Q 8 30 Grand Total 350 Source: Dyett & Bhatia, City of Carlsbad, 2013. i Draft General Plan GlossaryDraft General Plan Glossary 100-Year Flood. That flood event that has a one-percent chance of occurrence in any one year. 500-Year Flood. The magnitude of a flood expected to occur on the average every 500 years, based on historical data. The 500-year flood has a 1/500, or 0.2 percent, chance of occurring in any given year. Active and Passive Recreation. In addition to a park’s primary classification, the city may describe a park as containing active and/or passive areas. Parks can be developed with either active or passive park amenities or a combination of both. Active park areas typically provide a form of organized and/or supervised recreation, such as gymnasiums, swim complexes, multi-use ball fields, tot lots, hard court play surfaces, volleyball, horseshoe areas, BMX bike courses, and skate parks or a combination thereof. Passive park areas often provide minimal or no amenities associated with active use. The very nature of passive use implies quiet, contemplative, low impact activity, such as nature trails, walkways, picnic tables, benches, and small turf and/or landscaped areas. Active Open Space. Open space areas that typically include more complex site improvements and generally have provisions for programmed recreation. Affordable Housing. Housing for which the allowable housing expenses for a for-sale or rental dwelling unit paid by a household would not exceed thirty percent of the gross monthly income for target income levels, adjusted for household size. Agriculture. The cultivation and tilling of the soil, dairying, the production, cultivations, growing and harvesting of any agricultural or horticultural com- modities, the raising of livestock, bees, fur-bearing animals, or poultry, and the preparation of farm products for market. Aquaculture. A form of agriculture devoted to propagation, cultivation, main- tenance, and harvesting of aquatic plants and animals in marine, brackish, and fresh water. Aquaculture does not include species of ornamental marine or freshwater plants and animals unless utilized for human consumption or bait purposes and maintained in closed systems for personal, pet industry or hobby purposes. This definition specifically excludes hydroponics. Arterial. Streets that collect and distribute traffic to/from freeways and express- ways to the local network. Attainment Status. Under amendments to the federal Clean Air Act, the Envi- ronmental Protection Agency has classified air basins or portions thereof, as ii City of Carlsbad either “attainment” or “nonattainment” for each criteria air pollutant, based on whether or not the national standards have been achieved. Avigation Easement. An easement that transfers certain property rights from a property owner to an airport owner. Among other things, an avigation easement grants the right of flight in the airspace above the property, allows the generation of noise and other impacts associated with overflight, restricts the height of structures, trees and other objects on the property, prohibits potential on ground flight hazards (sources of light/glare, etc.) and permits access to the property to remove or mark objects exceeding the established height limit. Best Management Practices (BMP). The combination of conservation measures, structure, or management practices that reduces or avoids adverse impacts of development on adjoining site’s land, water, or waterways, and waterbodies. Bike Facilities. These include bike paths (Class I Facilities), bike lanes (Class II Facilities), and bike routes (Class III Facilities), following a classification system established in the Visalia Bikeway Plan. Buffer. In terms of land use, a buffer is a transitional zone or piece of land between two different land uses. Buildout. That level of development characterized by full occupancy of all developable sites in accordance with the General Plan; the maximum probable level of development envisioned by the General Plan under specified assump- tions about densities and intensities. California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The state agency in charge of transportation planning, construction and maintenance of the state’s highway system. California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). Requires the assessment of projects for environmental effects, establishes procedures for preparing and processing environmental documents and includes requirements for the moni- toring of environmental mitigation conditions placed on a project. Campground. A plot of ground upon which two or more campsites are located, established or maintained for occupancy by camping units of the general public as temporary living quarters for recreation, education or vacation purposes. Capital Improvement Program (CIP). The multi-year scheduling of public physical improvements based on studies of fiscal resources available and the choice of specific improvements to be constructed. Carbon Dioxide (CO2). The most common of the greenhouse gases, CO2 is emitted as a result of fossil fuel combustion. iii Draft General Plan GlossaryDraft General Plan Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (CO2E). A standard measurement for assessing total greenhouse gas emissions, scaling emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases based on their relative global warming potential compared to CO2. Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan. A plan that identifies the public facilities that will be needed when the city is completely developed. Class I Bikeway (bike path). Provides a separated corridor that is not served by streets and highways and is away from the influence of parallel streets. Class I bikeways are for non-vehicle use only with opportunities for direct access and recreational benefits, right-of-way for the exclusive use of bicycles and pedestri- ans, and cross flow conflicts are minimized. Class II Bikeway (bike lane). Provides a delineated right-of-way assigned to bicyclists to enable more predictable movements, accommodating bicyclists through corridors where insufficient room exists for side-by-side sharing of existing streets by motorists and bicyclists. Class III Bikeway (bike route). Shared facility that serves either continuity to other bicycle facilities or designates preferred routes through high demand corridors. Climate Change. Climate change, or global climate change, refers to a change in the average climate of the earth that may be measured by wind patterns, storms, precipitation, and temperature. The baseline by which these changes are measured originates in historical records identifying temperature changes that have occurred in the distant past, such as during previous ice ages. Clustering/Cluster-Type Housing. Development patterns in which the uses are grouped or “clustered” through a density transfer, rather than spread evenly throughout a parcel as in conventional lot-by-lot development. A zoning ordinance may authorize such development by permitting smaller lot sizes if a specified portion of the land is kept in permanent open space either through public dedication or through creation of a homeowners association. Community Garden. A cooperatively-managed garden in an urbanized area. Community gardens can be a source of fresh produce and provide learning opportunities for community members. Community Noise Equivalent Level (CNEL). The average equivalent A-weighted sound level during a 24-hour day, obtained after addition of five decibels to sound levels in the evening from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m. and after addition of 10 decibels to sound levels in the night from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m. Compatible. Capable of existing together without conflict or ill effects. Complete Streets. Complete Streets are designed and operated to enable safe, attractive, and comfortable access and travel for all users, including motorists, pedestrians, bicyclists, children, seniors, individuals with disabilities, and users of public transportation. iv City of Carlsbad GlossaryConnectivity. The quality of street patterns that allows for through movement between and within neighborhoods. Conservation. The management of natural resources to prevent waste, destruc- tion, or neglect. Consistent. Free from variation or contradiction. Corridor. A connecting area of land that is identified by a specific common characteristic. Examples include greenways, trails, wildlife linkages, visual corridors and transportation rights-of-way. Criteria Air Pollutants. Pollutants for which the federal and state governments have established ambient air quality standards, or criteria, for outdoor con- centrations to protect public health. Six pollutants identified by EPA under the federal Clean Air Act that are pervasive in urban environments and for which state and national health-based ambient air quality standards have been estab- lished. These are ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter (PM), and lead. Cultural Facilities. Premises operated to accommodate cultural pursuits such as visual or performing arts, lectures, or exhibitions. Culture. The acquaintance with and taste in fine arts, humanities, and broad aspects of science reflected in institutions specializing in zoology, paleontology, history, archaeology, and horticulture. Curb Cut. The opening along the curb line at which point vehicles or other wheeled forms of transportation may enter or leave the roadway. Curb cuts are essential at street corners for wheelchair users. Day-Night Noise Level (Ldn). The A-weighted average sound level for a given area (measured in decibels) during a 24-hour period with a 10 dB weighting applied to night-time sound levels (after 10 p.m. and before 7 a.m.). The Ldn is approximately numerically equal to the CNEL for most environmental settings. Decibel (dB). A unit of measurement used to express the relative intensity of sound as heard by the human ear describing the amplitude of sound, equal to 20 times the logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the pressure of the sound measured to the reference pressure, which is 20 micropascals (20 micronewtons per square meter). Decibel, A-weighted (dBA). The “A-weighted” scale for measuring sound in decibels; weights or reduces the effects of low and high frequencies in order to stimulate human hearing. Every increase of 10 dBA doubles the perceived loudness though the noise is actually ten times more intense. v Draft General Plan GlossaryDraft General Plan Dedication, In lieu of. Cash payments that may be required of an owner or developer as a substitute for a dedication of land, and referred to as in lieu fees or in lieu contributions. Dedication. The commitment by an owner or developer of private land for public use, and the acceptance of land for such use by the governmental agency having jurisdiction over the public function for which it will be used. Dedica- tions for roads, parks, school sites, or other public uses often are required by the city as conditions of approval on a development. Density. The number of people or dwelling units in a given area, typically expressed in dwelling units or people per acre. Depth-to-Slide Plane. The distance from the ground to the rupture surface of a landslide. Detention Basin. Facility classified according to the broad function it serves, such as storage, diversion or detention. Detention facilities are constructed to retard flood runoff and minimize the effect of floods. Developer. An individual who, or business which, prepares raw land for the construction of buildings or builds or causes to be built physical building space for use primarily by others, and in which the preparation of the land or the creation of the building space is in itself a business and is not incidental to another business or activity. Development. The extension, construction, or change in density or intensity of land uses. Development activities include but are not limited to: subdivision of land; construction or alteration of structures, roads, utilities, and other facilities; installation of septic systems; grading; deposit of refuse, debris, or fill materials; and clearing of natural vegetation cover (with the exception of agricultural activities). Routine repair and maintenance activities are not considered as “development.” (For a precise definition of development in the Coastal Zone, see Carlsbad Municipal Code Chapter 21.04.) Easement. A right given by the owner of land to another party for specific limited use of that land. An easement may be acquired by a government through dedication when the purchase of an entire interest in the property may be too expensive or unnecessary; usually needed for utilities or shared parking. Endangered Species, California. A native species or sub-species of a bird, mammal, fish, amphibian, reptile, or plant, which is in serious danger of becoming extinct throughout all or a significant portion of its range, due to one or more factors, including loss in habitat, change in habitat, over-exploitation, predation, competition, or disease. The status is determined by the State Depart- ment of Fish and Game together with the State Fish and Game Commission. vi City of Carlsbad GlossaryEndangered Species, Federal. A species which is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range, other than the species of the Class Insect determined to constitute a pest whose protection under the provisions of the 1973 Endangered Species Act, as amended, would present an overwhelming and overriding risk to humans. The status is determined by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the Department of the Interior. Environment. The physical conditions which exist within the area which will be affected by a proposed project, including land, air, water, minerals, flora, fauna, noise, and objects of historic or aesthetic significance. Environmental Impact Report (EIR). A document used to evaluate the potential environmental impacts of a project, evaluate reasonable alterna- tives to the project, and identify mitigation measures necessary to minimize the impacts. The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) requires that the agency with primary responsibility over the approval of a project (the lead agency) evaluate the project’s potential impacts in an Environmental Impact Report (EIR). Environmentally Sensitive Habitat Areas. As defined by the California Coastal act, these are areas containing plants or animals in their habitats that are rare or valuable due to their specific role in the ecosystem, and are likely a potential for disturbance due to human activities. Environmentally Sensitive Lands. Open space lands that are constrained or prohibited from development including beaches, lagoons, wetlands, other permanent water bodies, riparian and other habitats and steep slopes. Equivalent Continuous Sound Level (Leq). A single-number representation of the fluctuating sound level in decibels over a specified period of time. It is a sound-energy average of the fluctuating level. Erosion. The process by which material is removed from the earth’s surface (including weathering, dissolution, abrasion, and transportation), most commonly by wind or water. Fault. A fracture in the earth’s crust forming a boundary between rock masses that have shifted. An active fault is a fault that has moved recently and which is likely to again. An inactive fault is a fault that shows no evidence of movement in recent geologic time and little potential for movement. Findings. A conclusion reached after an examination; a statement or document containing an authoritative decision or conclusion. Fire Hazard. Any condition or action which may increase the potential of fire to a greater degree than that customarily recognized as normal by official agencies responsible for fire prevention or suppression, or which may obstruct, delay, hinder or interfere with the operations of the fire agency or the egress of occupants in the event of fire. vii Draft General Plan GlossaryDraft General Plan Fire Protection Services. Services designed to protecting life and/or property through such operations which may be necessary to extinguish or control any fire, perform any rescue operation, investigate suspected or reported fires, gas leaks, or other hazardous conditions or situation. Flood Zone. The relatively level land area on either side of the banks of a stream that is subject to flooding under a 100-year or a 500-year flood. Floodplain. An area adjacent to a lake, stream, ocean or other body of water lying outside the ordinary banks of the water body and periodically inundated by flood flows. Often referred to as the area likely to be inundated by the 100-year flood. Floodway. A river channel and adjacent land area within a floodplain needed to carry a 100-year frequency flood without increasing the water surface elevation more than 1 foot at any point. The boundary of the 100-year floodway shall be determined using data contained on the city’s National Flood Insurance Maps. Floor Area Ratio (FAR). The ratio between gross floor area of structures on a site and gross site area. Thus, a building with a floor area (excluding building area devoted to parking) of 100,000 square feet on a 50,000 square-foot lot will have a FAR of 2.0. Examples showing the concept of FAR: Frequency. The composition or spectrum of the sound. Frequency is a measure of the pressure fluctuations per second. Gray Water. Untreated household wastewater that comes from bathtubs, showers, bathroom washbasins, clothes washing machines, and even kitchen sinks, and which is re-used for non-potable water applications such as sub- surface irrigation and toilet flushing. It is a form of water recycling without an intermediate treatment process. EXAMPLES OF FLOOR AREA RATIOS 0.5 FAR 1.0 FAR 1.5 FAR viii City of Carlsbad GlossaryGreen Building. A Green Building generally refers to one that is environmen- tally friendly in terms of energy consumption, or the waste it produces during its entire life-cycle. A Green Building will have less significant impact on the environment compared to a regular building. Green buildings may be scored by rating systems, such as the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system developed by the U.S. Green Building Council, Green Globes from GBI, and other locally developed rating systems. Greenhouse Gases. Gases in the atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation within the thermal infrared range. This process is the fundamental cause of the greenhouse effect. Carbon dioxide, methane, and ozone are examples of green- house gases. Greenway. An open space connector linking parks, nature preserves, cultural features, or historic sites to each other and with populated areas in order to improve environmental quality and provide for outdoor recreation. Groundwater. Water under the earth’s surface, often confined to aquifers capable of supplying wells and springs. Growth Management Plan. A comprehensive approach to land use planning now and in the future established by Carlsbad voters It links residential, com- mercial and industrial development directly to the availability of public services and facilities. It sets limits on the total number of housing units to be built citywide and in each quadrant. Habitat Management Plan. A comprehensive, citywide program which identi- fies how the city can preserve the diversity of natural habitats and protect rare and unique biological resources. Habitat. The natural environmental of a plant or animal. Hazardous Material. A material or form of energy that could cause injury or illness to persons, livestock, or the natural environment. Some examples from everyday life include, gasoline, fertilizers, detergents, used cooking oil, mineral spirits, batteries, and paint. Hazardous Waste. Waste that requires special handling to avoid illness or injury to persons or damage to property. Includes, but is not limited to, inorganic mineral acids of sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, nitrogen, chromium, phospho- rous, selenium and arsenic and their common salts; lead, nickel, and mercury and their inorganic salts or metallo-organic derivatives; coal, tar acids such as phenol and cresols and their salts; and all radioactive materials. Historic Resource. A historic building or site that is noteworthy for its sig- nificance in local, state, national, its architecture or design, or its works of art, memorabilia, or artifacts. ix Draft General Plan GlossaryDraft General Plan Historic Structure. A structure deemed to be historically significant based on its visual quality, design, history, association, context, and/or integrity. Household. All people, related or unrelated, who occupy a housing or dwelling unit. Hydrology. The science dealing with the properties, distribution and circula- tion of water and snow. Impervious Surface. Any material that reduces or prevents absorption of water into land. Implementation. Actions, procedures, programs, or techniques that carry out policies. Infill. The development of new housing or other buildings on scattered vacant or underutilized lots in a predominantly developed area or on new building parcels created by permitted lot splits. Infrastructure. Permanent utility installations, including roads, water supply lines, sewage collection pipes, and power and communications lines. Intensity. Measured as the amount of floor space in a given area (see also Floor Area Ratio). Jobs to Employed Residents’ Ratio. Total jobs divided by total employed residents (i.e. people who live in the area, but may work anywhere). A ratio of 1.0 indicates a balance. A ratio greater than 1.0 indicates a net in-commute; less than 1.0 indicates a net out-commute. LEED. The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System™ is the nationally accepted benchmark for the design, construction, and operation of high performance green buildings. Level. The magnitude or loudness of sound. Sound levels are measured and expressed in decibels (dB). Liquefaction. A sudden large decrease in the shearing resistance of cohesion less soil, caused by a collapse of the structure by shock or strain, and associated with a sudden but temporary increase of the pore fluid pressure. Local Coastal Program (LCP). A specifically prepared land use plan and imple- mentation program for the portion of the city located within the Coastal Zone boundaries as defined by the California Coastal Act. The plan must address the protection of coastal resources and public access to the coastline. Local Facilities Management Plan. Shows how and when the following facil- ities and improvements necessary to accommodate development within the zone will be installed or financed: city administrative facilities, library, waste- water treatment, parks, drainage, circulation, fire facilities, open space, schools, sewer facilities and water facilities. x City of Carlsbad GlossaryMaster Plan. A plan that supplements and provides more detail to the General Plan and the Land Use Element as it applies to a portion of land in the city. Minerals. Any naturally occurring chemical element or compound, or groups of elements and compounds, formed from inorganic processes and organic substances, including, but not limited to, coal, peat, and bituminous rock, but excluding geothermal resources, natural gas, and petroleum (Public Resources Code Section 2005). Mitigation Measures. Action taken to avoid, minimize, or eliminate environ- mental impacts. Mitigation includes: avoiding the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or parts of an action; minimizing impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action and its implementation; rectifying the impact by repairing, rehabilitating, or restoring the affected environment; reducing or eliminating the impact over time by preservation and maintenance during the life of the action; and compensating for the impact by repairing or providing substitute resources or environments. Mitigation. A specific action taken to reduce environmental impacts. Mitiga- tion measures are required as a component of an environmental impact report (EIR) if significant measures are identified. Mixed Use. A development project which includes two or more land use such as residential and commercial, or commercial and professional office. Mode (transportation). Each form of transportation is a mode: public transit, bicycling, walking, and driving. Multi-modal Level of Service (MMLOS). A methodology used to evaluate and describe the quality of mobility provided by a transportation system. MMLOS considers all travel modes: vehicular, pedestrian, bicycle, and transit. Qualitative level of service (LOS) A-F “grades” are assigned to the prioritized travel mode(s) on a given Mobility Element street segment or intersection. For example, LOS A would reflect outstanding operational characteristics and traveler experience for a travel mode, while a LOS F would reflect a poor service level for a travel mode (such as vehicle congestion, lack of sidewalk, bicycle facilities, transit stops, etc). Natural Open Space. Includes environmentally constrained and non-con- strained areas that are in, or similar to being in, their natural or naturalized state. Natural Resources. Plant and animal habitat; nature preserves; beaches and bluffs; wetland and riparian areas; canyons and hillsides; and water features such as lagoons and streams. xi Draft General Plan GlossaryDraft General Plan Nitrogen Oxides (NOx). Chemical compounds containing nitrogen and oxygen; react with volatile organic compounds, in the presence of heat and sunlight to form ozone. They are also a major precursor to acid rain. Noise Attenuation. Reduction of the level of a noise source using a substance, material, or surface. Noise Contours. Lines indicating equal levels of noise exposure. CNEL and Ldn are the metrics used to describe annoyance due to noise and to establish land use planning criteria for noise. Noise Sensitive Land Uses. Land uses that are particularly affected by excessive noise, including residences, motels, hotels, public meeting rooms, schools, churches, libraries, hospital, parks, recreation areas, etc. Open Space. Any area of land or water that is devoted to an open space use and designated on the city’s Land Use Map as open space, or dedicated in fee title or easement for open space purposes. The open space may be in its natural state or modified. Ozone (O3). A compound consisting of three oxygen atoms that is the primary constituent of smog. It is formed through chemical reactions in the atmo- sphere involving volatile organic compounds, nitrogen oxides, and sunlight. Surface level ozone can initiate damage to the lungs as well as to trees, crops, and materials. There is a natural layer of ozone in the upper atmosphere, which shields the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. Paleontological Resources. The mineralized remains of prehistoric plant and animal life, not including human remains or artifacts—also known as fossils. Particulate Matter (PM-10 and PM-2.5). Particulate matter in the atmosphere results from many kinds of dust- and fume-producing industrial and agricul- tural operations, fuel combustion, and atmospheric photochemical reactions. PM-10 and PM-2.5 consist of particulate matter that is 10 microns or less in diameter and 2.5 microns or less in diameter, respectively. PM-10 and PM-2.5 represent fractions of particulate matter that can be inhaled into the air passages and the lungs and can cause adverse health effects. Pedestrian Facilities. Sidewalks, crosswalks, and trails that should enable people of all age groups and abilities to safely walk to their destinations. Pedestrian-oriented Development. Development designed with an emphasis on the street sidewalk and on pedestrian access to the building, rather than an auto access and parking areas. Performance Standards. Standards specifying attainment of a specified level or quality of performance (such as, for example, illumination or noise levels), or provision of a Growth Management facility (such as park land). xii City of Carlsbad GlossaryPublic Facilities. Uses or structures that provide services to the public such as a library, city hall, fire station, police station, park, traffic signal or major street. Right-of-Way. A continuous strip of land reserved for or actually occupied by a road, crosswalk, railroad, electric transmission lines, oil or gas pipeline, water line, sanitary storm sewer or other similar use. Riparian. Characteristic vegetation along waterways, often described as “riparian corridors.” Roadway. A strip of land that is covered by a street, public thoroughfare or freeway used for vehicular transportation. San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG). The regional planning agency for the San Diego region of which Carlsbad is a member agency. Seiches. Wave-like oscillatory movements in enclosed or semi-enclosed bodies of water such as lakes or reservoirs. Seismic. Caused by or subject to earthquakes or earth vibrations. Sensitive Receptors. Persons or land uses that are most sensitive to negative effects of air or noise pollution. Persons who are sensitive receptors include children, the elderly, the acutely ill, and the chronically ill. The term “sensitive receptors” can also refer to the land use categories where these people live or spend a significant amount of time; such areas include residences, schools, play- grounds, child-care centers, hospitals, retirement homes, and convalescent homes. Significant Impact. A beneficial or detrimental impact on the environment. May include, but is not limited to, significant changes in an area’s air, water, and land resources. Siltation. The process of silt deposition. Silt is a loose sedimentary material composed of finely divided particles of soil or rock, often carried in cloudy sus- pension in water. Site Development Plan. A plan showing uses and structures proposed for a parcel of land. Solid Waste. General category that includes organic wastes, paper products, metals, glass, plastics, cloth, brick, rock, soil, leather, rubber, yard wastes, and wood. Special-Status Species. Any species that is listed, or proposed for listing, as threatened or endangered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or National Marine Fisheries Service under the provisions of the Endangered Species Act. It also includes any species designated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as a “candidate” or “species of concern” or species identified on California Native Plant Society’s Lists 1A, 1B, or 2, implying potential danger of extinction. xiii Draft General Plan GlossaryDraft General Plan Specific Plan. A plan that provides detailed design and implementation tools for a specific portion of the area covered by a general plan. A specific plan may include all regulations, conditions, programs, and/or proposed legislation that may be necessary or convenient for the systematic implementation of any general plan element(s). Stationary Source. A source of air pollution that is not mobile, such as a heating plant or an exhaust stack from a laboratory. Stormwater Drainage. Surplus surface water generated by rainfall that does not seep into the earth but flows overland to a watercourse. Stormwater Management. A coordinated strategy to minimize the speed and volume of stormwater runoff, control water pollution, and maximize ground- water recharge. Subsidence. Subsidence occurs when a large portion of land is displaced verti- cally, usually due to the withdrawal of groundwater, oil, or natural gas. Sulfur Dioxide (SO2). A colorless, pungent gas formed primarily by the com- bustion of sulfur-containing fossil fuels. Main sources of SO2 are coal and oil used in power plants and industries; as such, the highest levels of SO2 are generally found near large industrial complexes. Surface Water. Water found in rivers, streams, creeks, lakes and reservoirs. Sustainability. Development that meets the needs of the present without com- promising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Tentative Subdivision Map. A proposal to subdivide land into five or more lots or units. A final map that conforms to the tentative map completes the subdivi- sion process. Threatened Species, California. A species of animal or plant is endangered when its survival and reproduction in the wild are in immediate jeopardy from one or more causes, including loss of habitat, change in habitat, over-exploi- tation, predation, competition, disease, or other factors; or when although not presently threatened with extinction, the species is existing in such small numbers that it may become endangered if its environment worsens. A species of animal or plant shall be presumed to be rare or endangered as it is listed in Sections 670.2 or 670.5, Title 14, California Code of Regulations; or Title 50, Code of Federal Regulations Sections 17.11 or 17.12 pursuant to the Federal Endangered Species Act as rare, threatened, or endangered. Threatened Species, Federal. A species that is likely to become an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion of its range. xiv City of Carlsbad GlossaryToxic Air Contaminant. An air pollutant that may increase a person’s risk of developing cancer and/or other serious health effects. Toxic air contaminants include more than 700 chemical compounds that have been determined to have potential adverse health impacts. Transit Oriented Development (TOD). A development or planning concept typified by the location of residential and commercial districts around a transit station or corridor with high quality service, good walkability, parking manage- ment and other design features that facilitate transit use and maximize overall accessibility. Transportation Demand Management (TDM). Measures to improve the movement of persons and goods through better and more efficient utiliza- tion of existing transportation systems (e.g., streets and roads, freeways and bus systems) and measures to reduce the number of single-occupant vehicles utilized for commute purposes. Tsunami. A wave generated by abrupt movement of the seabed, which can occur as an earthquake or after a significant landslide. Use. The purpose for which a lot or structure is or may be leased, occupied, maintained, arranged, designed, intended, constructed, erected, moved, altered, and/or enlarged as per the City’s Zoning Ordinance and General Plan land use designation. Variation. Change over time. View Corridor. The line-of-sight (identified as to height, width, and distance) of an observer looking toward an object of significance to the community (e.g., ridgeline, ocean, historic building, etc.). Walkability. A characteristic of an area in which destinations are in close proximity and well-connected by streets and paths that provide a good pedes- trian environment. Water Conservation. Any beneficial reduction in water loss, use, or waste. A water conservation measure is an action, behavioral change, device, technology, or improved design or process implemented to reduce water loss, use, or waste. Water Recycling. Reusing treated wastewater for beneficial purposes such as irrigation, industrial processes, toilet flushing, and replenishing groundwater basins (referred to as groundwater recharge). Watershed. The total area above a given point on a watercourse that contributes water to the flow of the watercourse; the entire region drained by a watercourse. Wetlands. Areas that are permanently wet or periodically covered with shallow water, such as saltwater and freshwater marshes, open or closed brackish marshes, swamps, mud flats, and fens. 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Figure 2-1 Land Use Plan GENERAL PLAN 500 ACRES 100 ACRES R-1.5, Residential 0-1.5 du/ac R-4, Residential 0-4 du/ac R-8, Residential 4-8 du/ac R-15, Residential 8-15 du/ac R-15/VC, Residential 8-15 du/ac/Visitor Commercial R-15/O, Residential 8-15 du/ac / Office R-23, Residential 15-23 du/ac R-23/L, Residential 15-23 du/ac/Local Shopping Center R-30, Residential 23-30 du/ac V, Village L, Local Shopping Center GC, General Commercial VC, Visitor Commercial VC/OS, Visitor Commercial/Open Space R, Regional Commercial PI, Planned Industrial PI/O, Planned Industrial/Office O, Office P, Public CF, Community Facilities OS, Open Space TC, Transportation Corridor * The area depicted within the Coastal Zone constitutes the Carlsbad Local Coastal Program Land Use Map EXHIBIT 2C JULY 18, 2015 The Citywide Facilities and Improvements Plan Circulation Performance Standard is amended to read as follows: CIRCULATION PERFORMANCE STANDARD Implement a comprehensive livable streets network that serves all users of the system – vehicles, pedestrians, bicycles and public transit. Maintain LOS D or better for all prioritized modes of travel, as identified in the General Plan Mobility Element, excluding LOS exempt intersections and streets approved by the City Council. ADDITIONAL FACILITY PLANNING INFORMATION Traditionally, transportation systems have been designed to achieve a level of service from the perspective of the driver, not pedestrians or bicyclists. However, the city’s livable streets vision recognizes the street as a public space and ensures that the public space serves all users of the system (elderly, children, bicycles, pedestrians, etc.) within the urban context of that system (e.g. accounting for the adjacent land uses). The California Complete Streets Act (2008) requires cities in California to plan for a balanced, multi- modal transportation system that meets the needs of all travel modes. As described in the General Plan Mobility Element, the city utilizes a multi-modal level of service (MMLOS) methodology that evaluates the service levels for pedestrians, bicyclists and transit users. The vehicle level of service is determined by the Highway Capacity Manual. While many transportation projects in Carlsbad have historically been vehicle capacity enhancing and traffic control focused, the livable streets strategy will explore all potential solutions to enhance the mobility for all users of the street. Many future transportation projects will involve repurposing existing right-of-way rather than acquiring and constructing new right-of-way. The city’s approach to provide livable streets recognizes that optimum service levels cannot be provided for all travel modes on all streets within the city. This is due to competing interests that arise when different travel modes mix. Therefore, the General Plan Mobility Element identifies a mode- prioritization approach to ensure livable streets. This approach identifies preferred travel modes for each street typology and identifies that preferred modes should be prioritized. Non-preferred travel modes are accommodated along the street, but their service is not prioritized (i.e., a lower service level for non-prioritized modes is acceptable to ensure that the service level for prioritized modes is enhanced). Exhibit X July 18, 2015 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA, APPROVING A ZONING ORDINANCE AMENDMENT, ZONE CHANGE, AND LOCAL COASTAL PROGRAM AMENDMENT TO ENSURE CONSISTENCY WITH THE UPDATED GENERAL PLAN BY AMENDING THE ZONING MAP, AMENDING THE MINIMUM RESIDENTIAL DENSITY FOR MIXED USE, REMOVING THE REFERENCES TO “RHNA BASE” DENSITY, AND AMENDING THE OFFICE ZONE TO CONDITIONALLY PERMIT PROFESSIONAL CARE FACILITIES. CASE NAME: GENERAL PLAN UPDATE CASE NO.: ZCA 07-01/ZC 15-02/LCPA 07-02 WHEREAS, the City Council did on the day of , 2015 hold a duly noticed public hearing as prescribed by law to consider said request; and WHEREAS at said public hearing, upon hearing and considering all testimony and arguments, if any, of all persons desiring to be heard, said City Council considered all factors relating to ZCA 07-01/ZC 15-02/LCPA 07-02 – GENERAL PLAN UPDATE. NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the City of Carlsbad, California, does ordain as follows: SECTION I: That Section 21.05.030 of the Carlsbad Municipal Code, being the Zoning Map, and the Local Coastal Program Zoning Map are amended as shown on map marked “Exhibit X1 – ZONING MAP (ZC 15-02/LCPA 07-02)” dated July 18, 2015, attached hereto and made a part hereof. SECTION II: That Section 21.26.015.C (Residential Uses in the C-1 Zone) is amended to read as follows: C. Residential uses shall be constructed at a minimum density of 15 dwelling units per acre, per Table 2-4 of the general plan land use and community design element, subject to approval of a site development plan processed in accordance with Chapter 21.06 of this title. 1. Density and yield of residential uses shall be determined consistent with the residential density calculations and residential development restrictions in Section 21.53.230 of this title and shall be based on twenty-five percent of the developable area. Unit yield in excess of the minimum shall be subject to the finding in subsection 2 below. In no ORDINANCE NO._________ -2- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 case shall the calculation preclude the development of at least one dwelling unit in a mixed use development. 2. Residential uses shall be secondary and accessory to the primary commercial use of the site. Compliance with this provision shall be evaluated as part of the site development plan. SECTION III: That Section 21.28.015.C (Residential Uses in the C-2 Zone) is amended to read as follows: C. Residential uses shall be constructed at a minimum density of 15 dwelling units per acre, per Table 2-4 of the general plan land use and community design element, subject to approval of a site development plan processed in accordance with Chapter 21.06 of this title. 1. Density and yield of residential uses shall be determined consistent with the residential density calculations and residential development restrictions in Section 21.53.230 of this title and shall be based on twenty-five percent of the developable area. Unit yield in excess of the minimum shall be subject to the finding in subsection 2 below. In no case shall the calculation preclude the development of at least one dwelling unit in a mixed use development. 2. Residential uses shall be secondary and accessory to the primary commercial use of the site. Compliance with this provision shall be evaluated as part of the site development plan. SECTION IV: That Section 21.29.030 (Permitted uses) is amended by the addition of the following use: USE P CUP Acc Residential uses (subject to Section 21.29.035 of this title) X SECTION V: That Section 21.29.035 (Residential uses in the C-T Zone) is added as follows: 21.29.035 Residential uses in the C-T zone. Mixed use developments that propose residential uses in combination with commercial uses shall comply with the following requirements. A. Residential uses shall be located above the ground floor of a multi-storied commercial building with one or more of the non-residential uses permitted by Section 21.29.030 of this title located on the ground floor. B. Residential uses shall be subject to the requirements of the chapters of this title, which include but are not limited to, Chapter 21.29, Chapter 21.44, and in the case of airspace subdivisions, Chapter 21.47. C. Residential uses shall be constructed at a minimum density of 15 dwelling units per acre, per Table 2-4 of the general plan land use and community design element, subject -3- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 to approval of a site development plan processed in accordance with Chapter 21.06 of this title. 1. Density and yield of residential uses shall be determined consistent with the residential density calculations and residential development restrictions in Section 21.53.230 of this title and shall be based on twenty-five percent of the developable area. Unit yield in excess of the minimum shall be subject to the finding in subsection 2 below. In no case shall the calculation preclude the development of at least one dwelling unit in a mixed use development. 2. Residential uses shall be secondary and accessory to the primary visitor-serving commercial use of the site. Compliance with this provision shall be evaluated as part of the site development plan. SECTION VI: That Section 21.31.065.C (Residential Uses in the C-L Zone) is amended to read as follows: C. Residential uses shall be constructed at a minimum density of 15 dwelling units per acre, per Table 2-4 of the general plan land use and community design element, subject to approval of a site development plan processed in accordance with Chapter 21.06 of this title. 1. Density and yield of residential uses shall be determined consistent with the residential density calculations and residential development restrictions in Section 21.53.230 of this title and shall be based on twenty-five percent of the developable area. Unit yield in excess of the minimum shall be subject to the finding in subsection 2 below. In no case shall the calculation preclude the development of at least one dwelling unit in a mixed use development. 2. Residential uses shall be secondary and accessory to the primary commercial use of the site. Compliance with this provision shall be evaluated as part of the site development plan. SECTION VII: That Section 21.53.230(e) (Residential density calculations, residential development restrictions on open space and environmentally sensitive lands) is amended to read as follows: (e) The potential unit yield for a property, based on the minimum, growth management control point (GMCP), or maximum density of the applicable general plan land use designation, shall be subject to the following: (1) Equation used to determine unit yield: developable lot area (in acres) x density = unit yield. (A) "Density" used in this calculation is the minimum, GMCP, or maximum density of the applicable general plan land use designation; (B) The resulting unit yield shall be subject to Table A, below. (2) For purposes of this section: -4- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 (A) "Rounded-up" means rounding the fractional unit yield up to the next whole unit; and (B) "Rounded-down" means rounding the fractional unit yield down to the previous whole unit, but not less than one unit. (3) The information contained in Table A, below, shall not preclude the city from approving residential densities above the GMCP, or maximum density of the applicable land use designation, subject to adopted city policies and regulations. Table A Unit Yield Rounding Density Used for Calculation Unit Yield Includes a Provisions for Unit Yield Rounding MINIMUM fractional unit of .5 or greater SHALL be rounded-up. 1 fractional unit below .5 MAY be rounded-down. 2 GMCP fractional unit of .5 or greater MAY be rounded-up. 3 fractional unit below .5 SHALL be rounded-down. MAXIMUM fractional unit SHALL be rounded-down. Notes: 1) Unless the project density is allowed below the minimum of the density range, pursuant to the General Plan. 2) Unit yields rounded-down pursuant to this provision that result in a density below the minimum density of the applicable land use designation shall be considered consistent with the General Plan. 3) Subject to a fractional and/or whole unit allocation from the "excess dwelling unit bank" and provided the maximum density of the applicable land use designation is not exceeded. SECTION VIII: That Table A of Section 21.27.020 (Permitted uses in the Office Zone) is proposed to be amended by the addition of the following use: Use P CUP Acc Professional Care Facilities (defined: Section 21.04.295) 2 SECTION IX: That the findings of the Planning Commission in Planning Commission Resolution No. 7112 shall also constitute the findings of the City Council. /// /// /// -5- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 EFFECTIVE DATE: This ordinance shall be effective thirty days after its adoption; and the city clerk shall certify the adoption of this ordinance and cause the full text of the ordinance or a summary of the ordinance prepared by the City Attorney to be published at least once in a newspaper of general circulation in the City of Carlsbad within fifteen days after its adoption. (Notwithstanding the preceding, this ordinance shall not be effective within the Coastal Zone until LCPA 07-02 is approved by the California Coastal Commission.) INTRODUCED AND FIRST READ at a regular meeting of the Carlsbad City Council on the day of , 2015, and thereafter. /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// /// -6- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 PASSED AND ADOPTED at a regular meeting of the City Council of the City of Carlsbad on the day of , 2015, by the following vote, to wit: AYES: NOES: ABSENT: APPROVED AS TO FORM AND LEGALITY: CELIA A. BREWER, City Attorney MATT HALL, Mayor ATTEST: BARBARA ENGLESON, City Clerk OCEANSIDE SAN MARCOS ENCINITAS 78 RD-M MELROSE DR AL G A R D R AN C H O SANTAFERDL A C O S TA AVE ELCAMINORE A L LA COSTA AVE SANDI EGONORTHERNRRCARLSBADBLVDP O IN S E TT I A L NPALOMA R A I R P ORT RD C AM IN O VIDA R OBLE AVIARA P KWYP O IN S E T TIA LN PALOMAR AIRPORT RD EL CAMINO RE AL T A M A R A C K A V E ELCAMINOREALTA M A RACKAVECOLL E GEBLVDM A RRON R D C A R LS B A D V ILLAGED R CANNON RDCARLSBADBLV D78 B ATI QUITOS D R ELFUERT EST CFALICANTERD CA M J UNIPEROCALLEACERVOC AD ENCIASTAMBROSIALNCHESTNUTAV CA L L E B A R C ELONA F AR A DA Y A V EC A N N ON R DCity of Oceanside City of Vista City of San Marcos City of Encinitas Bati q u i t o s Lago onMCCLELLAN -PALOMAR AIRPORT Agua Hedionda Lagoon Buena VistaLagoon CalaveraLake MaerkleReservoir P a c i f i c O c e a n City of Oceanside C-2 C-2 C-2 C-2 C-2-Q C-L C-L C-M C-T C-T R-T C-T C-T C-T O O O OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS OS P-U R-1-20000 OS RD-M-Q OSP-U L-C OS P-C P-C P-C P-C P-C P-C P-C P-C P-C P-C P-CP-C P-C P-C P-C P-C P-C P-C P-C P-C P-M P-M P-M P-M P-M P-M P-M-Q R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1R-1 R-1 R-1R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1-10000R-1-10000R-1-10000R- 1 - 1 0 0 0 0 R-1-10000 R-1-15000 R-1-25000 R-1-8000 R-1-8000R- 1 - 9 5 0 0 R-1-QR-1-Q R-1-Q R-1-Q R-1-Q R-3 R-3 R-3 R-A-10000 R-A-10000 R-A-10000 RD-M RD-M RD-M RD-M RD-M RD-M RD-M RD-M RD-M RD-M RD-M RD-M-Q RD-M-Q RD-M-Q RD-M-Q RD-M-Q RD-M-Q RD-M-Q RMHP RMHP V-R V-R C-T R-2 P-C P-M-Q R-1-30000 RD-M-Q OS C-M R-A-1 0 0 0 0 C-2-Q C-2 C-2 RD-M OS R-1 RD-M L-C R-1-0.5-Q R-1 R-1 OS C-2 C-2-Q P-C P-C R-1 R-1R-1-30000 RD-M M-Q C-2-Q V-R RD-M-Q RD-M RD-M RD-M-Q O R-1 R-1-10000 RD-M P-C P-M P-M R-1-Q RD-MRMHP C-2 OS R-1 R-1 R-1 R-1-9000 R-1 C-L P-C C-L R-3 RD-M R-1 R-1 R-W C-T C-T-Q C-T-Q O OS OS P-C P-C R-3 C-2-Q R-T OS RD-M P-C RMHP P-M RD-M C-T RD-M P-C RD-M-Q P-U RD-M-Q P-C RD-M M-Q M OS R-A-10000 C-2 O E-A P-M/O O C-T-Q P-M P-M/O C-M O C-M P-M M OS RD-M-Q OS OS OS OS OS OS P-C RD-M-Q OS RD-M R-1-0.5-Q R-1-0.5-Q OS R-A-10000 L-C OS P-U L-C R-A-2.5 P-C OS P-C R-1 OS P-M R-3-Q P-C OS OS P-C R-EL-C R-3 O R-1-10000 M P-C P-U P-C C-2 OS OS C-T/OS P-M/O C-2 RMHP R-1 P-C P-C P-C P-C T-C P-C P-M-Q OS C-T C-T RD-M RD-M-Q/C-T-Q RD-M C-T RMHP C-T-Q C-T-QC-T-Q RD-M-Q R-1 R-1-Q R-1 R-1-Q R-1-QR-1 -100 00 -QRD-M -Q R-1-10000-Q R- 1 -1 0 00 0 -Q R-1-10000-Q RD-M/C-L RD-M OS R-1-10000 R-1-10000 OS C-L RD-M P-U P-U RD-M P-M O R-1 R-1 R-1-Q L-C RD-M RD-M R-1 V-R R- P -Q R-3 O O O OS O R-P-Q R-1 R-1 R-1R- 1 - 1 00 0 0 RD-M R-A-10000 R- A - 1 0 0 0 0 - Q R-1 P-U OSR-1-8000R-1 -9000 R-1-10000 R-1-8000R-1-10000 R-1-8000R-A-10000R-1-9500 R-1 R-1 R-1-15000 R-1-10000 R-1 R-1-15000 P-C R- 1 - 1 0 00 0 R-1 - 1 00 0 0 R-1 R-1 R-1RD-M R-3 RD-M-Q R-1R-1-10000 R-1 R-1-100 0 0 R-1 R-1-10000 RD-M-QR-A-10000 R-1-9000R-1 R-1-10000 RD-M RD-M R-1 R-1-15000 R-1 R-1 RD-M P-C RD-M P-C OS OS OS R-1-0.5-Q R-3 R-1 R-1-10000 R-2 RD-M RD-M-Q C-L C-T-Q O OS OS P-C P-M R-1 R-1 RD-M R-A-10 0 0 0 Coastal Zone Highways Major Street Planned Street Railroad Lagoons Right of Way City Limits 0 1 20.5 Miles Source: City of Carlsbad, 2013; SANDAG, 2013; Dyett & Bhatia, 2013. E-A, Exclusive Agriculture R-A, Residential Agriculture R-E, Rural Residential Estate R-1, One Family Residential R-2, Two Family Residential R-3, Multi-Family Residential RD-M, Residential Density - Multiple RMHP, Residential Mobile Home Park R-T, Residential Tourist R-W, Residential Waterway R-P-Q, Residential Professional O, Office C-L, Local Shopping Center C-2, General Neighborhood Commercial C-T, Commercial Tourist C-T/OS, Commercial Tourist/Open Space C-T/RD-M, Comm Tourist/Res Density-Multiple C-M, Heavy Commercial M, Industrial P-M, Planned Industrial P-M/O, Planned Industrial/Office P-U, Public Utility V-R, Village Review P-C, Planned Community L-C, Limited Control OS, Open Space T-C, Transportation Corridor City of Carlsbad ZONING MAP * 500 ACRES 100 ACRES * The area depicted within the Coastal Zone constitutes the Carlsbad Local Coastal Program Zoning