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Home My WebLink About1375 SAPPHIRE DR; ; CB092136; Permit,, City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Av Carlsbad, CA 92008 01-13-2010 Pool Permit Permit No: CB092136 Building Inspection Request Line (760) 602-2725 Job Address: Permit Type: Parcel No: Valuation: Reference #: PC#: Project Title: Applicant: 1375 SAPPHIRE DR CBAD POOL 2122500600 $39,020.00 Lot#: 0 Construction Type: NEW FEIDMANN: 925SF POOUSPN/GAS & ELECTRIC TO BBQ W/ SINK & FIREPIT & GAS HEATERS Owner: SADDLEVIEW LL C Status: Applied: Entered By: Plan Approved: Issued: Inspect Area: REDSTONE DEVELOP. CORP 711 MISSION AVE. OCEANSIDE CA 92054 16461 SHERMAN WAY #350 VAN NUYS CA 91406 949-795-7916 Building Permit Add'I Building Permit Fee Plan Check Add'I Plan Check Fee Electrical Fee Plumbing Fee Strong Motion Fee Green Bldg Standards (SB1473) Fee Renewal Fee Add'I Renewal Fee Other Building Fee Additional Fees TOTAL PERMIT FEES ISSUED 12/16/2009 JMA 01/13/2010 01/13/2010 $352.86 $0.00 $229.36 $0.00 $20.00 $27.00 $3.90 $1.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $634.12 Total Fees: $634.12 Total Payments To Date: $634.12 Balance Due: Inspector: M ~( FINAL AP.P Date: o"l 0 Clearance: $0.00 NOTICE: Please take NOTICE that approval of your project includes the "Imposition" of fees, dedications, reservations, or other exactions hereafter collectively referred to as 'fees/exactions." You have 90 days from the date this permit was issued to protest imposition al these fees/exactions. If you protest them, you must follow the protest procedures set forth in Government Code Section 66020(a), and file the protest and any other required information with the City Manager for processing in accordance with Carlsbad Municipal Code Section 3.32.030. Failure lo timely follow that procedure will bar any subsequent legal action to attack, review, set aside, void, or annul their imposition You are hereby FURTHER NOTIFIED that your right to protest the specified fees/exactions DOES NOT APPLY to water and sewer connection fees and capacity changes, nor planning, zoning, grading or other similar application processing or service fees in connection with this project. NOR DOES IT APPLY to any 1 I N Tl im'I r hi r I Ii I n h I I h ' ~ •. «1~· Building Permit Application 1635 Faraday Ave., Garlsbad, CA 92008 760-602-2717 / 2718 / 2719 Plan Check No. CBoc:r 2.-\ 3 h ~ CITY OF CARLSBAD JOB ADDRESS CT/PROJECT# LOT# PHASE# 0 DESCRIPTION OF WORK: Include Square FHt: of Atrected Area(•) • • EXISTING USE PR POSED USE CONTACT NAME (ff Dltrerent Fom Applicant) ADDRESS CITY STATE PHONE FAX EMAIL Fax: 760-602-8558 www.carlsbadca.gov Est. Value f () U). Plan Ck. Deposit Date 12--Ii., 109 SUITE#/SPACE#/UNIT# APN #OFUNITS #BEDROOMS #BATHROOMS TENANT BUSINESS NAME ZIP FIRE SPRINKLERS YES □ NOD (Sec. 7031.5 Business and Professions Code: Any City or County which requires a permit to construct, alter, improve, demolish or repair any structure, prior to its issuan , a requires the applicant for such permit to file a sii;i:ned statement that he is licensed pursuant to the provisions of the Contractor's License Law /Chapter 9, commending with Section 7 of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code} or fuat he is exem~t therefrom, and the basis for the alleged exemption. Any violation of Section 7031.5 by any applicant for a permit subjects the applicant to a clvll penalty of not more than five hundred dollars {:ti500}). WORKERS" COMPENSATION Workers' Compensation Declaration:/ hereby affirm under penally of f)8rjury one of the following declarations: □ I have and will maintain a certlftcate of consent to self-Insure for workers' compensation as provided by Section 3700 of the labor Code, for the performance of the work for which tnis permit is issued. □ I have and will maintain workers' compensation, as required by Section 3700 of the Labor Cods, for the performance of the work for which this permit is issued. My wOlke,s' compensation insurance carrier and policy number are: Insurance Co. Policy No. ______________ Expiration Date _________ _ This section need not be completed iflhe permit is for one hundred dollars ($100) or less. 'fiil Certificate of Exemption: I certify that In the performance of the work for which this pemiil is issued, I shall not employ any peraon in any manner so as lo beoome suti;ect to the Work81'S' Compensation Laws of Callfornla. WARNING: Failure to secure work CO.'AP9nsatlon coverage ts unlawful, and shall subject an employer to criminal penalUes and clvll fines up to one hundred thousand dola,s (&100,008), In addition to the cost of compensation, damag,. a P,fO\tlded for I n 3706 of the Labor code, Interest and attorney'• fees. _65 CONTRACTOR SIGNATURE / I hereby BlfilTTI that I am exempt from Contractor's License Law for th6 following reason: □ I, as owner of the property or my employees with wages as their sole compensation, will do the work and the structure is not intended or offered for sale (Sec. 7044, BuslnBSS and Professions Code: The Contractor's License Law does not apply lo M owner of property who builds or improves thereon, and who does such work himself or through his own employees, provided that such improvements are not Intended or offered for sale. If, however, the building or Improvement is sold within one year of completion, the owner-builder ..,.,;n have Iha burden of proving that he did not build or Improve for lhe purpose of sale). □ l, as owner of the property, am exclusively contracting with licensed conlraclors to construct the project (Sec. 7044, Business and Professions Code: The Contractor's License Law does not apply lo an owner of property who builds or improves thereon, and contracts for such projects with conlractor(s) licensed pursuant lo the Conlractor's License Law). □ I am exempt under Section, _____ Business and Professions Code for this reason: 1. I personally plan to provide the major labor and materials for construction of the proposed prq:,erty Improvement. □ Yes □ No 2. I (have/ have not) signed an application for a building permit for the proposed work. 3. I have contracted Ylilh the following person (firm) lo provide the proposed conslruction {lnclUOe name address/ phone/ contractors' license number): 4. t plan lo provide portions of the work, but I have hired the following person lo coordinate, supervise and provide the majorWOl'k (Include name I address/ phone I contraclors' license number): 5. I will provide some of the work, but I have contracted (hired) the lolkMing persons to provide the work indicated (include name I address/ phone/ type of work): A$ PROPERTY OWNER SIGNATURE □AGENT DATE COMPLETE THIS SECTION FOR NON~RESI0ENTIAL BUILDING PERMITS ONLY Is the applicant or future buMding occupant required to submit a business plan, acutely hazardous materials registrallon form or risk management and prevention program under Sections 25505, 25533 or 25534 of the Presley.Tanner Hazardous Substance Account Ar:r/ □ Yes □ No Is the applicant or future building occupant required to obtain a permit from the air pollution control disb'icl or air quallty management district? □ Yas □ No Is lhe facility to be constructed 'Mlhln 1,000 feet of the outer boundary of a school site? □ Yes □ No IF ANY OF THE ANSWERS ARE YES, A FINAL CERTIFICATE OF OCCUPANCY MAY NOT BE ISSUED UNLESS THE APPLICANT HAS MET OR IS MEETING THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE OFFICE OF EMERGENCY SERVICES AND THE AIR POLLUTION CONTROL DISTRICT. CONSTRUCTION LENDING AGENCY I hereby affirm that there 1s a construction lending agency for the performance of the work this permit is issued (Sec. 3097 (1) C1v1I Code) lender's Name lender's Address APPLICANT CERTIFICATION I certllythat I haYe read the appllcatlon and state that the aboYe Information Is correct and that the infonnatlon oo the plans is accurate. I agn,e to complywlth all City oldlnances and State laws relatlngto bulldlng consbuctk>n. I hel8by aulhorize -we of~• City of Carlsbad kl_, upoo 1he above menlbled property for~ purposes. I Al.SO AGREE TO SAVE, INDEMNIFY AND KEEP HARMLESS THE CITY Of CARLSBAD AGAINST ALL LVIBILITIES, JUDGMENTS, COSTS AND EXPENSES WHICH MAY IN ANY WAY ACCRUE AGAINST SAID CITY IN CONSEQUENCE Of THE GRANTING Of THIS PERMIT. OSHA: M OSHA pem,l is required br excavatioos OYer 5'0' and demolilion or c:onstrucllon of slructu'es OYer 3 sbies ii height EXPIRATION: Eve,y penr,it -by 1he Blikling . I . . of lhis Code shaU expie by linilation and become nuN and void ! 1he buiding or worlu•-by such penr,il • not CClll11lll1<Xld '"1hi1 180 days from 1he dale of such penr,itor rlhe buid. pe1111i • suspended or abandoned at enyline efterlhe "'1< • commenced for a period of 180 days(SediJn 106.4A Ui,bffl Buidng Code) . ...s APPLICANrs SIGNATURE DATE City of Carlsbad Bldg Inspection Request For: 06/30/2010 Permit# CB092136 Inspector Assignment: MC --- Title: FEIDMANN: 925 SF POOL/SPA/GAS Description: & ELECTRIC TO BBQ W/ SINK & FIREPIT & GAS HEATERS UNDER PATIO//144 SF OPEN LATTIC//269 SF Type:POOL Sub Type: Job Address: Suite: Location: OWNER 1375 SAPPHIRE DR Lot: SADDLEVIEW L L C 0 Phone: 9497957916 Inspector: _-4-f,,t-<..:~=--- Owner: FELDMANN BRADLEY H&DEBORA L Remarks: A M PLEASE Total Time: CD Description 59 Final Pool Requested By: NA Entered By: CHRISTINE Act Comments £L_ 4':tf1 fn .... ~l I?, es.:e c~ U~tl""-1 Ot-.l p~'t"), .... ,-..,r1o.-1 ('.A:>,-l~ , "'""'s :'u-Wr~ -ru 1SB91 ~ 1t=:vU.P,l~ t f&o(--E.,Cj?1.hf'• Ol'-I ~~c:;; o/L. Comments/Notices/Holds Associated PCRs/CVs Original PC# lns(lection Histo!Y Date Description Act lnsp Comments 06/18/2010 59 Final Pool PA MC GFI PROTECTION AT POOUSPA LIGHTING OK 05/25/2010 55 Fence/Pre-Plaster AP MC GATES (2), FENCING & DOOR ALARMS OK LIGHT SHELL POTTING OK 05/10/2010 51 Excav/Steel/Bonding/Fence AP MC DECK BONDING FOR FLAT WORK 04/1312010 21 Underground/Under Floor AP TP TO SINK 04/02/2010 21 Underground/Under Floor AP TP 3IN TO BBQ SINK FROM HOUSE MAIN @ FRONT 04/02/2010 22 Sewer/Water Service WC TP 03/19/2010 51 Excav/Steel/Bonding/Fence AP TP 03/15/2010 23 GasffesURepairs AP MC 1 ST STOP, METER TO EQUIP , BBQ, FIREPIT & HEATER 03/15/2010 51 Excav/Steel/Bonding/Fence co MC 2ND STOP, NOTICE 03115/2010 52 Underground Plumbing PA MC EQUIP TO POOL & SPA ONLY 03/15/2010 53 Electric/ConduitWiring PA MC METER TO EQUIP., BBQ & LIGHT SHELLS 02/12/2010 15 Roof/Reroof AP MC PER S2 -DET. 202 02/08/2010 13 Shear Panels/HD's WC MC 02/08/2010 14 Frame/Steel/Bolting/Welding PA MC ROOF STRUCTURE CONNECTORS & POST/BEAM CONNECTIONS 01/15/2010 11 Ftg/Foundation/Piers AP MC COLUMN FOOTINGS ONLY NEED AS BUILT -CERT LETTER FOR CMU WALLS OVER 6 FT HIGH 01115/2010 12 Steel/Bond Beam WC MC To: Fax: Phone: City of Carlsbad BUILDING DIPARININT 1635 Faraday Avenue, Cartlbed, CA 92008 Phone: 780«>2-7541/ Fax: 78CMI02-8588 Plan Checb Comments / 2007 Codes Re-~ From: Stew 8orossay Pa,-: ' Date: Re: Addrw: ~~is S,o.iii h · 'L J)r --3'11\HSll\❖i;Hi-i;►i!§i=M;HiiMl'iii·hirii; d lidi·hiNd#:1·-+ PleaH maka correctlona referrad to below and rw, TWO new prfnta. If rad Dlldll-on plane .. a part of Ihle Plan Check re■ponu pl•-return red marked Ht with the new prlnta. ♦ Thie I• a BUfLQINQ BEYIEW ONl,Y. Commenta or 8PfH"OVal do not apply to any other City department review. For Information on the etatu■ of approval from other departmenta p1NH contact lt■ff 0711CM102-2717 / 2711 / 2718. J. "\he.. c:.=~ C..C...O C ~ G I$-n..c+ l-_ s:. .\-e_"" . ':fro VL ck :> ' "O II ~ Co "'-~ o "'-~ l O cf-h_ ~ I /+w o 6 .,_ \ 1-/ {; x. I o b eA \,\.\. <;. • • , ' City of Carlsbad lifihii¥fi·ll:t•¥1•i·li,i¥idli,l·I BUILDING PLANCHECK CHECKLIST POOLS DATE: I} Q er/ 11) BUILDINGrPLANCHECK NUMBER: CB 0~2 ~ 3v BUILDINGADDRESS:[375 ~APPHIRE .])y<._ PROJECT DESCRIPTION: --'P'""'o:;.:o"'"l/..;:;_Spc..:a=----------- ASSESSOR'S PARCEL NUMBER: 2-! u'2--'5Q-{)(o ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT APPROVAL The item you have submitted for review has been approved. The approval is based on plans, information and/or specifications provided in your submittal; therefore, any changes to these items after this date, including field modifications, must be reviewed by this office to insure continued conformance with applicable codes. Please review carefully all comments attached, as failure to comply wi.th instructions in this.~port result in susp ion of permil to build. By: A. .. Date: Ii / / O Final Map (~ lt ) □ Grading Permit Application 0 ~Ing Permit Checklist :'\. o,G!JK!lng Plan (.l t?fc;:;/UNc:& ) c;;J.-Rlght-of-Way Permit Application 0 Right-of-Way Permit Submittal Checklist and Requirements 0 Storm Water Compliance Form(s) DENIAL a ched report of deficiencies ake necessary corrections to plans or cifications for compliance with applicable co es and standards. Submit corrected plans and/or specifications to this office for review. ~~-B · Date: ~ By: ________ Date: ENGINEERING DEPT. CONTACT PERSON Name: Linda Ontiveros City of Carlsbad Address: 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 Phone: (760) 602-2773 LEGAL DESCRIPTION Reference No(s): Lf'3 0 -5 fh Lot No.: VJ Map No.: \'S" '.2-2--2-- Subdlvl~ I,,.-ro,/) I Carlsbad Tract: v t ~ -0----f- 1635 Faraday Avenue• Carlsbad, CA 92008-7314 • (760) 602-2720 • FAX (760) 60~;,,8~~ @ . . D D D D D D D D D D D BUILDING PLANCHECK CHECKLIST -POOLS SITE PLAN 1. Provide a fully dimensioned site plan dra A. North Arrow roperty Lines B. Existing & Proposed Structures Easements -'3 1 ~ 2. Show site plan: ··· ~-e-Iv\ A P rainage Patterns ~}-Jo IA)st~fc:i~ r,;j )ill happen with Existing & Proposed Slopes soil excavated from pool area C. Existing Topography E. *Retaining Walls (location and height) Note: If excavated soil is not to be removed from property but regraded on site, show proposed elevations and slopes. *If any portion of retaining walls are over 4' in height, a separate permit is required. Retaining Wall Permit CB 3. lnclud on title sheet: -----Applied for ___ Approved __ _ . ite Address 1 , ll J ssessor's Parcel NumMr ru 1~ /J . ·-7 Legal Description -i .J ?--2-,,:.--- . Grading Quantities Cut Fill Import/Export a) If grading is not required, write "No Grading" on plot plan. 4. Project does not comply with the following Engineering Conditions of approval for Project No. Conditions were complied with by: Date: -------- GRADING PERMIT REQUIREMENTS The conditions that invoke the need for grading permit are found in Section 15.16.010 of the Municipal code. 5a. Inadequate information available on Site Plan to make a determination on grading requirements. Include accurate grading quantities (cut, fill, import, export). 5b. Grading Permit required. A separate grading plan prepared by a registered Civil Engineer must be submitted together with the completed application form attached. The Grading Permit must be issued and rough grading approval obtained prior to Issuance of a Building Permit 5d. No Grading Permit required. Page 2 of 3 Rev. 02/1tl'08 a I l • D D D D D BUILDING PLANCHECK CHECKLIST -POOLS MISCELLANEOUS PERMITS 6. A *RIGHT-OF-WAY PERMIT is required to do work in City Right-of-Way and/or private work adjacent to the public Right-of-Way. A separate Right-of-Way ·ssued b for the f II ing: I ('.) ff__ -::s H:? • l l El) ) Please complete attached Right-of-Way applicatio tbrrn and return to the/ Engineering Department. Right-of-Way Permit and Pool Building Permit will be issued simultaneously. STORMWATERCOMPUANe• QiJAfL~ ~ff f' 7. I Requires-NJ> (project storm water permit):# ,sZ2 D Not required 8. Remarks Page 3 of3 Rev. 0211WOII ~□□ ~□□ ~□□ ~□□ PLANNING DEPARTMENT BUILDING PLAN CHECK REVIEW CHECKLIST Plan Check No. CB092136 Address 1375 SAPPHIRE DR Planner GINA RUIZ Phone >-'(7..,,6"'"0l..c6,,.,0'-"2~-..,_46""7,._,5,.._ ______ _ APN: 212-250-06-0 Type of Project & Use: POOL/SPA/FIREPIT/PATIO COVER Net Project Density: DU/AC Zoning: R-1-10000 General Plan: RL Facilities Management Zone: 20 CFD (in/out) #_1_Date of participation:5n/1991 Remaining net dev acres: __ Circle One (For non-residential development: Type of land used created by this permit: __ ) Legend: ~ Item Complete@)tem Incomplete -Needs your action Environmental Review Required. YES D NO ~ TYPE DATE OF COMPLETION: Compliance with conditions of approval? If not, state conditions which require action. Conditions of Approval: Discretionary Action Required: YES O NO~ TYPE __ APPROVAL/RESO. NO. DATE PROJECT NO. OTHER RELATED CASES: Compliance with conditions or approval? If not, state conditions which require action. Conditions of Approval: __ Coastal Zone Assessment/Compliance Project site located in Coastal Zone? YES 0 NOD CA Coastal Commission Authority? YES O NO 0 If California Coastal Commission Authority: Contact them at -7575 Metropolitan Drive, Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92108-4402; (619) 767-2370 Determine status (Coastal Permit Required or Exempt): EXEMPT Habitat Management Plan Data Entry Completed? YES O NO ~ If property has Habitat Type identified in Table 11 of HMP, complete HMP Permit application and assess fees in Permits Plus (A/P/Ds, Activity Maintenance, enter CB#, toolbar, Screens, HMP Fees, Enter Acres of Habitat Type impacted/taken, UPDATE!) lnclusionary Housing Fee required: YES D NO~ (Effective date of lnclusionary Housing Ordinance -May 21, 1993.) Data Entry Completed? YES O NO 0 (A/P/Ds, Activity Maintenance, enter CB#, toolbar, Screens, Housing Fees, Construct Housing Y/N, Enter Fee, UPDATE!) H:\ADMIN\Template\Building Plancheck Review Checklist.doc Rev4/08 1 "' [gJ □ □ [gJ □ □ @§)□ SEE ADDITIONAL COMMENTS BELOW Policy 44 -Neighborhood Architectural Design Guidelines 1 . Applicability: YES O NO [gJ 2. Project complies: YES D NOD Zoning: 1. Setbacks: Front: Interior Side: Street Side: Rear: Top of slope: Required __ Shown __ Required __ Shown __ Required __ Shown __ Required __ Shown __ Required __ Shown __ 2. Accessory structure setbacks: Front: Required ZQ'. Shown 20'+ Interior Side: Required li.'..._Shown NOT SHOWN (il.Allit/1=lAL * ~ '. I ?J · IP Street Side: Required NIA Shown N/A Rear: Required..i£!:i_Shown NOT SHOWN l'J-l1 · IC 3. Lot Coverage: Required less than 40% Shown NOT SHOWN 4. Height: Required 14' MAX Shown _14' __ " 5. Parking: Spaces Required __ Shown __ (breakdown by uses for commercial and industrial projects required) Residential Guest Spaces Required __ Shown __ Additional Comments #1. STATE ON THE PLANS THE HEIGHT OF THE BOULDERS. ANY STRUCTURE WITHIN THE SIDE AND REAR SETBACKS MUST BE 6' OR LESS. PLANCHECK #2: #1. SHOW THE LOT WIDTH AT THE FRONT YARD 20' SETBACK. THE SIDE YARD SETBACK IS 10% OF THE LOT WIDTH MEASURED AT THE FRONT YARD 20' SETBACK AND THE REAR YARD IS TWO TIMES THE SIDE YARD. #2. SHOW THE SETBACKS FROM THE PATIO COVER TO THE SIDE AND REAR PROPERTY LINES. THE STRUCTURE MUST BE OUTSIDE OF THE REGULAR LOT SETBACKS /AS DESCRIBED ABOVE). #3. SHOW THE TOT AL LOT COVERAGE IN A PERCENTAGE ON THE PLAN. OK TO ISSUE AND ENTERED APPROVAL INTO COMPUTER~ DATE \ I (i.-),~.; cw/ C'O H:\ADMIN\Template\Building Plancheck Review Checklist.doc Rev 4/08 January 15, 2010 To: Redstone Devlopment Subject: Feldmann Residence 1375 Sapphire Drive Carlsbad, CA 92008 Gentlemen, It is the opinion of this engineer that the garden wall as built on the subject property per detail C/1 is adequate to resist the imposed soil retaining, seismic and wind loads as required by the 2007 CBC. Please find the supporting documentation. The wall has been checked as a 6" CMU wall (conservative) restrained near the bottom by the concrete slab. If you have any further questions, please contact me at the number listed below. Sincerely, Neal G. Wanket, P.E. Principal Engineer CB092136 1375 SAPPHIRE DR ~ \ FEI0MANN: 925SF P<:XJUSPAJ/GAS & ELECTRIC TO BBQ W/ SINK & FIREPIT & GAS HEATERS UNDER PATIO//144 SF OPEN LATTIC//269 SF Cr'\I If"'\ OAr'\I r,a...,..,,.. ~gf( ~'. C Q ,,. L £. t2-l 1"' 1°'1 -7o C ,·~ --..-g ,':L._ ~ :p-e-s; te__ l"Z..{-v.,/o', ~ St~ oit--, f.to ~~c,~ t>l~l'6l~l~ $4-{oi..t,-.\ ~ !.r\~ otA..,\ ~'i(Utg,,,... ,1 ....,. "· -I . H . , ... ' ' .,. u-i..b l) t ,A,\10 ~i:..<ute. ~c,i.JtJ, ~,.JI£. J;,,;' ,e,oiz.. tov:--l \'l:C • Mt.. ~· 1~i3 l0'1-f 1r110:, (7:J .4Med -In ?er Vl'\1ts1 U ~ o.JJd -.A-~~ ~\ \ loc;/ to-CoQRt::c:n ONi. fAICE;j) 10 Af'PUc%if. { ( ( 3 (Io IS SU sJJ --~I I \ ( I 'S l I O ---Llu I I CF~) ? ' '-I '1 .f mM {)UJ ,ve, 's .s ,' d,e/ nzfu;.., 2 'of-ol , • + 00 N <2. I "I ~J,a' '.s 5 1 ~ e · .::. 7 '.f'l1110o11 .5a i ct Ok -\o LO'.! I I h£1qh + (_o11,:,/ 6'r,.,.), Wdl ru....d fo b,,·"') , 0 'As Bu, I+ ceY-i. ,to, l,l!?i ( C ADO To pE.0')," r) it-J ord2v fo,-trvsF.2c/,,..-Cn,,•= C) ~ FiNAL .s11vee (}JAIi is (51) Q,V 0 I' , lzo/10 ~ i,,J · fVW ~ c,w Pjj'~ £- z,,l~ l ID-Su'de. d_e{efed -P-vtY\_ poo [. N (2W s,·rc 'Pl A0 ~ F1'.n . f rD V ,oleo( . ::l' I' co -NrW 'Pool {'"-'3· --b 1i>l loW -O