HomeMy WebLinkAboutPD 09-01; CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER LOT 45; STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN; 2009-05-05Project Specific
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
For:
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
APN NO. 212-120-55
PROJECT NO.
Prepared
for
RREEF America, LLC
2701 Loker Avenue West, Suite 215
Carlsbad, CA 92010-6638
Richard Ruzylo
(760)804-1892
Prepared by:
Alidade Engineering
12632 Everston Road
San Diego, California 92128
(858) 391-8216
Brent: Moore, PE
SWMP Preparation/Revision Date:
May 5, 2009
Project Specific
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
For:
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
APN NO. 212-120-55
PROJECT NO. t -
• Qu3
tC)
Prepared
for:
RREEF America, LLC
2701 Loker Avenue West, Suite 215
Carlsbad, CA 92010-6638
Richard Ruzylo
(760)804-1892
Prepared by:
Alidade Engineering
12632 Everston Road
San Diego, California 92128
(858) 391-8216
Brentt%Moore, PE
SWMP Preparation/Revision Date:
May 5, 2009
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
OWNER'S CERTIFICATION
This project-specific Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP) has been prepared for:
RREEF America, LLC by Alidade Engineering for the project known as Carlsbad Research
Center at 2210 Faraday Avenue.
This SWMP is intended to comply with the requirements of the City of Carlsbad for APN NO.
212-120-55-00 which includes the requirement for the preparation and implementation of a
project-specific SWMP.
The undersigned shall be responsible for the implementation of this SWMP and will ensure that
this SWMP is amended as appropriate to reflect up-to-date conditions on the site. This SWMP
will be reviewed with the facility operator, facility supervisors, employees, tenants, maintenance
and service contractors, or any other party (or parties) having responsibility for implementing
portions of this SWMP. At least one copy of this SWMP will be maintained at the project site or
project office in perpetuity.
The undersigned is authorized to certify and to approve implementation of this SWMP. The
undersigned is aware that implementation of this SWMP is enforceable under City of Carlsbad
Storm Water Management and Discharge Control Ordinance (Carlsbad Municipal Code Chapter
15.12).
If the undersigned transfers its interest in the subject property/project, the undersined shall
notify the successor in interest of its responsibility to implement this SWMP.
"I certify under penalty of law that the provision of this SWMP have been reviewed and accepted
and that the SWMP will be transferred to future successors in interest."
Owner's Signature Date
Richard Ruzylo Operations Manager
Owner's Printed Name Owner's Title/Position
RREEF America, LLC
Richard Ruzylo
2701 Loker Avenue West, Suite 215
Carlsbad, CA 92010-6638
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
Contents
Section Page
I PRoJEcT DESCRIPTION S A4
II SITE CHARACTERIZATION A-6
Ill POLLUTANTS OF CONCERN A-i
N HYDROLOGIC CONDITIONS OF CONCERN A-8
V BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES A-9
V.1 Site Design BMPs A-9
V.2 Source Control BMPs A-I3
V.3 Treatment Control BMPs A-15
V.4 Equivalent Treatment Control Alternatives A-18
V.5 Regionally-Based Treatment Control BMPs A-18
VI INSPECTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE RESPONSIBILITY FOR SOURCE CONTROL & TREATMENT
CONTROL BMPs A-9
VII FUNDING A-20
APPENDICES
VICINITY MAP AND SITE PLAN
HYDROLOGIC CALCULATIONS
EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS
SOILS REPORT
May 5, 2009 A-3
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
I. Project Description
The Carlsbad Research Center project consists of the demoltion of a portion of the existing parking lot
including sawcut and removal of exising pavement and curb (7,000 square feet) to create additional landscape
area and reconfigure the parking layout as well as the addition of 8,900 square feet of pavement to create an
additional 31 parking spaces. An 8' max height cut retaining wall will be constructed in conjuction with the new
pavement adjacent to the easterly property line. The project lies west of Interstate 5, east of El Camino Real
and north of Palomar Airport Road. The project site will be accessed off Faraday Avenue. An Association will
not be formed for the maintenance of this project. RREEF America, LLC or its successors will be responsible
for the maintenance of all aspects of the project including applicable BMPs. All access drives and parking areas
are to be privately maintained. There are existing loading docks on the site along the northerly and easterly
walls of the existing building. The typical pollutants of concern associated with this type of project include:
heavy metals, nutrients, pesticides, sediments, trash and debris, oxygen demanding substances, and oil and
grease. Outdoor activities for the site will be limited to vehicular parking and pedestrian traffic.
Project Developer: RREEF America, LLC
Richard Ruzylo
2701 Loker Avenue West, Suite 215
Carlsbad, CA 92010-6638
Telephone: (760) 804-1892
WQTR Preparer: Alidade Engineering
12632 Everston Road
San Diego, CA 92128
Brent C. Moore, PE
(858) 391-8216
May 5,2009 A-4
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
F'
Project Site Address: 2210 Faraday Avenue
San Diego, CA 92008
Planning Area/
Community Name:
APN Number(s): 212-120-55-00
Thomas Bros. Map: 1127-Di
Project Watershed: Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit
Sub-watershed: Agua Hedionda Hydrologic Area (904.31)
Project Site Size: 0.30 acres (Disturbed) S -
Formation of Home Owners' Association (HOA) or Property Owners Association (POA): NO
Additional Permits/Approvals required for the Project
AGENCY Permit required (yes 'or
no)
State Department of Ash and Game, 1601 Streambed NO
Alteration Agreement
State Water Resources Control Board, Clean Water NO
Act (CWA) section 401 Water Quality Certification
US Army Corps of Engineers, CWA section 404 permit NO
US Ash and Wildlife, Endangered Species Act section NO
7 biological opinion
Other (please I& in the space below as required) YES
criy OF CARI.SBAD GRADING PERMIT
May 5, 2009 A-S
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
II. Site Characterization
Land Use Designation or Zoning: industrial
Current Property Use: industrial
Proposed Property Use: industrial
Availability of Soils Report: Yes. Please see Appendix D
Receiving Waters for Urban Runoff from Site
Proximity
Receiving 303(d) List Designated Beneficial Uses to RARE
Waters Impairments Beneficial
Use
Municipal and Domestic Supply (MUN)
Agricultural Supply (AGR)
Letterbox Industrial Service Supply (IND)
Canyon None Listed Contact Water Recreation (REC 1) N/A
(904.31) Non-Contact Water Recreation (REC 2)
Warm Freshwater Habitat (WARM)
Wildlife _Habitat _(WILD)
Municipal and Domestic Supply (MUN)
Manganese, Agricultural Supply (AGR)
Selenium, Industrial Service Supply (IND)
Aqua Hedionda Sulfates, Total Contact Water Recreation (REC 1) N/A
Creek (904.31) Dissolved Non-Contact Water Recreation (REC 2)
Solids Warm Freshwater Habitat (WARM)
Wildlife Habitat (WILD)
Industrial Service Supply (IND)
Contact Water Recreation (REC 1)
Non-Contact Water Recreation (REC 2)
Commercial and Sport Fishing (COMM)
Indicator Estuarine Habitat (EST)
Aqua Hedionda Bacteria, Wildlife Habitat (WILD)
Lagoon Sedimentation Rare, Threatened, or Endangered Species (RARE)
(904.31) /siltation Marine Habitat (MAR) 2.2 Miles
Aquaculture (AQUA)
Migration of Aquatic Organisms (MIGR)
Spawning, Reproduction, and/or Early
Development (SPWN)
Shellfish Harvesting (SHELL)
May 5, 2009 . A-6
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
III. Pollutants of Concern
Potential pollutants associated with Urban Runoff from the proposed project must be identified. Table 2 of the
City of Carlsbad Storm Water Standards Manual provides brief descriptions of typical pollutants associated
with Urban Runoff and a table that associates typical potential pollutants with types of development (land use).
The table below lists the anticipated and potential pollutants generated by this type of land use.
According to the most recent version of 303d list published by the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control
Board, Agua Hedionda Creek and Agua Hedionda Lagoon are the only listed impaired water bodies associated
with this project within the Los Monos Hydrologic Sub-Area of the Aqua Hedionda Hydrologic Area of the
Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit (HSA 904.31). Agua Hedionda Creek is listed for Heavy Metals and Organic
Compounds. Agua Hedionda Lagoon is listed for Bacteria/Virus and Sediments. It should be noted that at the
Co-Permittees discretion, the Co-Permittees may also accept updated studies from the California Association of
Stormwater Quality Agencies (CASQA), USEPA, SWRCB and/or other commonly accepted
agencies/associations acceptable to the Co-Permittee for determination of Pollutants of Concern associated with
given land use. Additionally, in identifying Pollutants of Concern, the presence of legacy pesticides, nutrients,
or hazardous substances in the site's soils as a result of past uses and their potential for exposure to Urban
Runoff must be addressed in project-specific SWMPs. The Co-Permittee may also require specific pollutants
commonly associated with urban runoff to be addressed based on known problems in the watershed. The list of
potential Urban Runoff pollutants identified for the project must be compared with the pollutants identified as
causing an impairment of Receiving Waters, if any.
Pollutant of Concern Summary Table
Pollutant Type Expected Potential Listed for
Receiving Water
Bactena/virus YES (AM. LAGOON)
Heavy Metals X YES (AR. CREEK)
Nutrients X NO
Pesticides X NO
Organic Compounds YES (AR. CREEK)
Sediments X YES (Au. LAGOON)
Trash & Debris X NO
Oxygen Demanding Substances X NO
Oil&Grease X NO
Legacy Pollutants: The project site is currently developed as a light industrial facility with associated
landscaping and parking. The building is currently vacant. There are no known legacy pollutants located on
site.
May 5, 2009 A-i
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
IV. Hydrologic Conditions of Concern
Impacts to the hydrologic regime resulting from the Project may include increased runoff volume and velocity;
reduced infiltration; increased flow frequency, duration, and peaks; faster time to reach peak flow; and water
quality degradation. Under certain circumstances, changes could also result in the reduction in the amount of
available sediment for transport storm flows could fill this sediment-carrying capacity by eroding the
downstream channel. These changes have the potential to permanently impact downstream channels and habitat
integrity. A change to the hydrologic regime of a Project's site would be considered a hydrologic condition of
concern if the change would have a significant impact on downstream erosion compared to the pre-development
condition or have significant impacts on stream habitat, alone or as part of a cumulative impact from
development in the watershed.
Supporting engineering studies, calculations, and reports are included in Appendix B.
The runoff generated within the overall project site is directed towards various private inlets / catch basins
located throughout the site. The system of inlets I catch basins is interconnected via an on-site private storm
drain system that directs the storm water runoff to the existing public storm drain facility in Faraday Avenue.
According to the current version of the Carlsbad Drainage Master Plan prepared by Brown and Caldwell, the
project site is located within City of Carlsbad Basin 'B'. The public drainage facility within Faraday Avenue
connects to other public facilities and drains to an existing sedimentation basin located southwest of the project
site. The runoff then drains to Letterbox Canyon which drains to Agua Hedionda Creek which outlets into the
Agua Hedionda Lagoon.
The runoff generated on the existing site was calculated to be 9.1 cfs, 6.5 cfs and 3.15 cfs respectively
for the 10-year, 2-year and 85th percentile storm events. The runoff generated on-site with the
proposed site improvements was calculated to be 9.4 cfs, 6.6 cfs and 3.26 cfs respectively for the 10-
year, 2-year and 85th percentile storm events. To help mitigate the minor increase in runoff associated
with the proposed site improvements, the 23 new parking spaces located adjacent to the easterly
property boundary will be constructed with pervious payers. The structural section of the pervious
payers will include an underlying matrix of aggregate and crushed angular stone which will provide a
cleaning mechanism through shallow infiltration for the runoff generated within the new parking
spaces and will also act as a quasi-detention facility with the runoff volume stored within the voids
until the stored runoff is discharged through the proposed 3-inch perforated drain located at the low
point of the structural section. The proposed 3-inch perforated drain will connect directly the existing
private storm drain system the traverses the site.
May 5, 2009 A-S
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
V. Best Management Practices
V.1 Low IMPACT DEVELOPMENT SITE DESIGN BMPs
Project proponents shall implement Low Impact Development (LID) Site Design concepts that achieve each of
the following:
Minimize and Disconnect Impervious Surfaces
Conserve Natural Areas
Minimize Directly Connected Impervious Areas (DCIAs)
Maximize Canopy Interception and water Conservation
Protect Slopes and Channels
The project proponent should identify the specific BMPs implemented to achieve each Low Impact
Development (LID) Site Design concept and provide a brief explanation for those LID Site Design concepts
considered not applicable.
See Section 2.3.3.1 of the City of Carlsbad Storm water Standards Manual for additional guidance on LID Site
Design BMPs.
If a particular LID Site Design BMP concept is found to be not applicable, please provide a brief explanation as
to why the concept cannot be implemented. Also provide a narrative describing how each induded BMP will
be implemented. In those areas, where LID Site Design BMPs require ongoing maintenance, the inspection and
maintenance frequency, the inspection criteria, and the entity or party responsible for implementation,
maintenance, and/or inspection shall be described. The location of each LID Site Design BMP must also be
shown on the SWMP Site Plan included in Appendix B.
The following LID Site Design BMPs were not implemented into the site design:
Site Design Concept 1
- Increase building density. This project does not include any modifications to the existing building nor
construction of a new building.
Site Design Concept 2
- Concentrate or cluster development. The entire property was disturbed with the current development on
site. This project disturbs approximately 4.100 square feet of existing landscaping along the easterly
property line to increase the amount of available parking.
- Use natural drainage systems. There are no natural drainages or vegetated swales on site. The private
on-site storm drain system picks up the runoff and conveys it to the public storm drain in Faraday
Avenue.
Site Design Concept 3
- Drain rooftops into adjacent landscaping. This project does not include any modifications to the
existing building nor construction of a new building.
- Where landscaping is proposed, drain impervious parking lots, sidewalks, walkways, trails, and patios
into adjacent landscaping. This project consists of localized improvements to increase the number of
parking spaces on site; and the design of the existing improvements and landscaping is not conducive to
intercepting runoff from the new parking areas. In lieu of this, we will be constructing the new parking
along the easterly boundary with permeable payers.
May 5, 2009 A-9
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
Site Design Concept 4
- Preserve existing native trees and shrubs. This project disturbs approximately 4.100 square feet of
existing landscaping along the easterly property line to increase the amount of available parking.
Site Design Concept 5
- Vegetate slopes with native or drought tolerant vegetation. This project does not generate any graded
slopes.
- Stabilize permanent channel crossings. There are no channel crossings included in the project design.
- Install energy dissipaters. There are no new storm drain outlets draining to unlined channels included in
the project design.
- Minimize disturbances to natural drainages. There are no natural drainages on site.
The following LID Site Design BMPs will be implemented into the project design:
Site Design Concept 1
- Construct walkways, trails, patios, overflow parking lots and alleys and other low-traffic areas with
permeable surfaces. The site design includes permeable payers located within the new parking spaces
created along the easterly property line similar to a hybrid parking lot.
- Construct streets, sidewalks and parking lot aisles to the minimum widths necessary, provided that
public safely and a walkable environment for pedestrians are not compromised. Parking lot drive aisles
kept to minimum widths necessary to allow free-flow of traffic through the site.
- Minimize the use of impervious surfaces, such as decorative concrete, in the landscape design. The
landscaped areas have been designed to minimize the use of impervious surfaces. Therefore, the
majority of the proposed landscaping is located in areas where pedestrian access is usually kept to a
minimum and thus, not warranting impervious surfaces.
Site Design Concept 2
- Minimize soil compaction. The soil within the landscaped areas will either remain uncompacted or will
be tilled to improve infiltration in these areas.
Site Design Concept 4
- Plant additional native or drought tolerant trees and large shrubs in place of non-drought tolerant
exotics. The landscape design will mimic the current landscaping theme on site.
Site Design Concept 5
- Convey runoff safely from the tops of slopes. Where we are constructing a new cut retaining wall, the
wall design will include a browditch to direct the runoff around the limits of the wall.
May 5,2009 A-b
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
Table 1. Low Impact Development Site Design BMPs
Included
Design Technique Specific BMP yes no
Concept
Site Design Minimize and
Concept I Disconnect
Impervious Surfaces Increase building density X
Construct walkways, trails, patios, overflow parking lots, X
alleys, driveways, low-traffic streets and other low -traffic
areas with permeable surfaces.
Construct streets, sidewalks and parking lot aisles to the X
minimum widths necessary, provided that public safety
and. a walkable environment for pedestrians are not
compromised.
Minimize the use of impervious surfaces, such as X
decorative concrete, in the landscape design.
Site Design Conserve Natural
Concept 2 Areas
tConcentrate or cluster development on the least X
environmentally sensitive portions of a site while leaving
the remaining land in a natural, undisturbed condition.
Use natural drainage systems to the maximum extent X
practicable
X Minimize soil compaction
Site Design Minimize Directly
Concept 3 Connected
Impervious Areas
(DCIAs)
IWhere landscaping is proposed, drain rooftops into
adjacent landscaping prior to discharging to the storm
water conveyance system
X
Where landscaping is proposed, drain impervious X
parking lots, sidewalks, walkways trails and patios into
adjacent landscaping
Site Design Maximize Canopy
Concept 4 Interception and
Water Conservation Preserve existing native trees and shrubs I X
Plant additional native or drought tolerant trees and large X
shrubs in place of non-drought tolerant exotics
May 5,2009 A-Il
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
Table 1. Low Impact Development Site Design BMPs (Cont.)
Included
Design Technique Specific BMP Yes No
Concept .
Site Di
Concep
I 'Convey runoff safely from the tops of slopes. I I
Vegetate slopes with native or drought tolerant X
vegetation.
Stabilize permanent channel crossings. X
Install energy dissipaters, such as nprap, at the outlets X
of new storm drains, culverts, conduits, or channels that
enter unlined channels in accordance with applicable
specifications to minimize erosion.
Minimize disturbances to natural drainages. X
I
May 5, 2009 A-12
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CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
V.2 SOURCE CONTROL BMPs
Table 2. Source Control BMPs
Check One
Not If not applicable, state
MP Name Included Applicable brief reason
Design Outdoor Material Storage Areas to Reduce No outdoor storage areas
Pollution Introduction. X included wl this project
Design Trash Storage Areas to Reduce Pollution No trash storage areas
Introduction X included wl this project
Employ Integrated Pest Management Principles X
Use Efficient Irrigation Systems & Landscape Design. X
- No new stormwater catch
Provide Stormwater Conveyance System Stenciling and basins or inlets included w/
Signage
- -
this project
Surface Parking Areas
Design of existing
landscaping areas not
conducive to intercepting
runoff from new
Incorporate Landscape Areas into the Drainage Design. X improvements
Overflow Parking Constructed with Permeable Paving X
ALL OF THE SOURCE CONTROL BMPs ACTW1TIES LISTED BELOW SHALL BE
iMPLEMENTED IMMEDIATELY UPON APPROVAL OF THE PROJECT
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE FOR ALL ACTIVITIES LISTED BELOW SHALL BE PER SECTION VI OF
THIS REPORT
3. EMPLOY INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is an ecosystem-based pollution prevention strategy that focuses
on long-term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques such as
biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural practices, and use of resistant plant
varieties. Pesticides are used only after monitoring indicates they are needed according to established
guidelines. Pest control materials are selected and applied in a manner that minimizes risks to human
health, beneficial and non-target organisms, and the environment. More information may be obtained
at the UC Davis website (http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/WATERILJ/index.htm1).
a) Eliminate and/or reduce the need for pesticide use in the project design by planting
pest-resistant or well-adapted plant varieties, such as native plants and discourage pests
by modifying the site and landscape design. Pollution prevention is the primary "first
line of defense" because pollutants that are never used do not have to be controlled or
treated (methods which are inherently less efficient).
May 5, 2009 A-13
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b) Distribute IPM educational materials to future site residents/tenants. At a minimum,
educational materials must address the following topics: Keeping pests out of buildings
and landscaping using barriers, screens, and caulking; Physical pest elimination
techniques, such as weeding, squashing, trapping, washing, or pruning out pests;
Relying on natural enemies to eat pests; Proper use of pesticides as a last line of
defense.
4. USE EFFICIENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN
Priority Development Projects shall design the timing and application methods of irrigation water to minimize
the runoff of excess irrigation water into the storm water conveyance system. In compliance with the Water
Conservation in Landscaping Act, the following methods to reduce excessive irrigation runoff shall be
considered, and incorporated and implemented where determined applicable and feasible by the City of
Carlsbad:
Employ rain shutoff devices to prevent irrigation during and after precipitation.
Design irrigation systems to each landscape area's specific water requirements.
Use flow reducers or shutoff valves triggered by a pressure drop to control water loss in the
event of broken sprinkler heads or lines.
Employ other comparable, equally effective methods to reduce irrigation water runoff, as
determined by the City Engineer.
6. SURFACE PARKING AREAS
To minimize the offsite transport of pollutants from parking areas, the following design concepts shall be
considered, and incorporated and implemented where determined applicable and feasible by the City of
Carlsbad:
Where landscaping is proposed in parking areas, incorporate landscape areas into the drainage
design.
Overflow parking (parking stalls provided in excess of the City of Carlsbad's minimum
parking requirements) should be constructed with permeable paving.
Other design concepts, which are comparable and equally effective, as determined by the City
Engineer.
May 5,2009 A-14
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
V.3 TREATMENT CoNTloL BMPs
Treatment Control BMPs must be selected and installed with respect to identified pollutant characteristics and
concentrations that will be discharged from the site. For any identified pollutants of concern not listed in the
Treatment Control BMP Selection Matrix, provide an explanation of how they will be addressed by Treatment
Control BMPs.
For identified pollutants of concern that are causing an impairment in receiving waters, the project SWMP
shall incorporate one or more Treatment Control BMPs of medium or high effectiveness in reducing those
pollutants. It is the responsibility of the project proponent to demonstrate, and document in the project SWMP,
that all pollutants of concern will be fully addressed. The Agency may require information beyond the
minimum requirements of this SMWP to demonstrate that adequate pollutant treatment is being accomplished.
In addition to completing the Selection Matrix, provide detailed descriptions on the location, implementation,
installation, and long-term O&M of planned Treatment Control BMPs.
Note: Projects that will utilize infiltration-based Treatment Control BMPs (e.g., Infiltration Basins, Infiltration
Trenches, and Porous Pavement) must include a copy of the property/project soils report as Appendix E to the
project-specific SWMP. The selection of a Treatment Control BMP (or BMPs) for the project must specifically
consider the effectiveness of the Treatment Control BMP for pollutants identified as causing an impairment of
Receiving Waters to which the project will discharge Urban Runoff.
The receiving waters for this project are Letterbox Canyon, Agua Hedionda Creek and Aqua Hedionda Lagoon.
Letterbox Canyon is not listed for impairment in the current 303d list. Agua Hedionda Creek is listed for
Heavy Metals and Organic Compounds. Agua Hedionda Lagoon is listed for Bacteria/Virus and Sediments.
The Treatment Control BMP chosen for this project is shallow infiltration associated with the proposed
permeable payers.
INFILTRATION FACILITIES OR PRACTICES (PERMEABLE PAVERS)
Permeable payers were selected in order to treat runoff from the proposed additional parking spaces. The
additional paved area required to construct the new parking spaces along the easterly boundary will be
constructed with permeable payers. The underlying matrix of aggregate and crushed angular rock will work in
unison to cleanse the storm water runoff of pollutants. The design will include a 3-inch perforated French drain
to intercept the infiltrated runoff and direct it to the existing private storm drain system.
May 5, 2009 S A-15
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Table 3: Treatment Control BMP Selection Matrix
Treatment Control BMP Categories
Bioretention Settling Wet Ponds Infiltration Media High-Rate High-Rate Trash Racks &
Facilities (LID) Basins (Dry and Wetlands Facilities or Filters Blofilters Media Filters Hydro-
Ponds) Practices. Dynamic
Pollutant of (LID) Devices
Concern
Coarse High High High High High High High High
Sediment and
Trash
Pollutants that High High High High High Medium Medium Low
tend to
associate with
fine particles
during treatment
Pollutants that Medium Low Medium High Low Low Low Low
tend tobe
dissolved
following
treatment
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Notes on Treatment Control BMP Categories:
All rankings are relative. Ranking of all facilities assumes proper sizing, design, and periodic maintenance.
Following are general descriptions of each category:
Bioretention Facilities (infiltration planters, flow-through planters, bioretention areas, and bioretention
swales). Facilities are designed to capture runoff and infiltrate slowly through soil media, which also
supports vegetation. Bioretention facilities, except for flow-through planters, effectively promote
infiltration into native soils. In low-permeability soils such as clay soils, facilities may capture excess
treated runoff in an underdrain piped to the municipal storm drain system. Typical criteria: an
infiltration surface area at least 4% of tributary impervious area, 6-inch average depth of top reservoir,
18-inch soil layer, 12-inch to 18-inch gravel subsurface storage layer.
Settling Basins and Wetlands (extended detention basins, "wet" basins, decorative or recreational
lakes or water features also used for storm water treatment, constructed wetlands). Facilities are
required to be designed to capture the 85th percentile storm event and detain for a minimum of 48
hours. Some wetland designs have proven effective in removing nutrients, but performance varies.
Infiltration Facilities or Practices (infiltration basins, infiltration trenches, dry wells, dispersal of
runoff to landscape, pervious pavements). These facilities and landscape elements should be designed
to capture, retain, and infiltrate the flow or volume of runoff that would enter the facility or landscape
feature from the 85th percentile storm event. Infiltration facilities are generally only feasible in
permeable (Hydrologic Soil Group A or B) soils. Volume and area of infiltration facilities depends on
soil permeability and safety factor uses. Typical criteria: Infiltration facilities shall have pretreatment to
remove silt to prolong life of the facility. A 10-foot vertical separation from average seasonal
groundwater depth is required. Dispersal to landscape may be accomplished in any soil type and
generally requires a maximum 2:1 ratio impervious: pervious and concave topography to ensure the
first 1-inch of rainfall detained.
Media Filters (sand filters). Filters designed to treat runoff produced by a rainfall of 0.2 inches per
hour (or 2-85th percentile hourly rainfall intensity) by slow infiltration through sand or other media.
Typical criteria: Surface-loading rate not to exceed 5 inches per hour. Entire surface of the sand must
be accessible for maintenance.
High Rate Biofilters (tree wells, typically proprietary). Biofilters with specially designed media to
rapidly filter runoff while removing some pollutants. Some proprietary High Rate Biofilters
recommend surface loading rates of up to 100 inches per hour.
High Rate Media Filters (typically proprietary). Vaults with replaceable cartridge filters filled with
inorganic media.
Drainage Inserts currently available have low effectiveness in removing pollutants that tend to
associate with fine particles and have medium effectiveness in removing coarse sediment and trash.
The Permit requires the removal of obsolete or ineffective BMPs from the list of acceptable BMPs.
The City of Chula Vista has removed Drainage Inserts from Table 3 Treatment Control BMP Selection
Matrix. Drainage Inserts may only be used in exceptional cases to augment more effective treatment
facilities or sometimes used alone when more effective facilities have been deemed infeasible at the
discretion.
May 5, 2009 A-Il
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
V.4 EQUIVALENT TREATMENT CONTROL ALTERNATIVES
Not applicable
V.5 REGIONALLY-BASED TREATMENT CONTROL BMPs
Not applicable
May 5, 2009 A-18
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
VI. Inspection, Operation and Maintenance Plan (IOMP)
The responsible party for the following Inspection, Operation and Maintenance Plan (JOMP) is as follows:
RREEF America, LLC
2701 Loker Avenue West, Suite 215
Carlsbad, CA 92010-6638
Richard Ruzylo
(760) 804-1892
The operation and maintenance requirements for each type of BMP are as follows:
6.1 Source Control BMPs
6. 1.1 Efficient Irrigation System
The operational and maintenance needs of an irrigation system are:
Visual inspection of all sprinkler heads and lines.
Testing of all irrigation stations to verify if each landscape area is getting the correct amount of water.
Periodic testing of all flow reducers and/or shutoff valves to verify in good working order.
Inspection Frequency
Inspecting/testing shall be monthly at a minimum or as directed by the local governing official. All
improperly operating apparatus shall be replaced within 2 working days.
Broken sprinkler heads and/or lines will be repaired or replaced within 2 working days:
Inspection visits shall be completely documented.
6.2 Treatment Control BMPs
6.2.1 Permeable Payers
The recommended maintanence needs of permeable payers are as follow:
Keep landscaped areas adjacent to the the permeable payers well maintained. This should be done
weekly or bi-weekly with the normal landscape maintenance activities performed on site.
Prevent soil being washed onto pavement. This should be done on a daily basis.
Vacuum clean surface using commercially available sweeping machines at the following times:
- End of Winter (April)
- Mid-Summer (July I August)
- After Autumn leaf-fall (November)
If routine cleaning does not restore infiltration rates, then reconstruction of part of the whole of a
pervious surface may be required. The surface area affected by hydraulic failure shoiuld be lifted for inspection
of the internal materials to identify the location and extent of the blockage. Surface materials should be lifted
and replaced after brush cleaning. Geotextiles may need complete replacement. Sub-surface layers may need
cleaning and replacing. Removed silts may need to be disposed of as controlled waste. This should be done on
an as needed basis (maximum 15-20 years.
May 5,2009 A19
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
VII. Funding
A funding source or sources for the IOMP of each Treatment Control BUT identified in the project-
specific SWMP must be identified. By certifying the project-specific SWMP, the Project applicant is
certifying that the funding responsibilities have been addressed and will be transferred to future
owners. One example of how to . adhere to the requirement to transfer IOMP responsibilities is to
record the project-specific SWMP against the title to the property.
RREEF America,. LLC is aware of its responsibility to maintain all construction and post-construction
BMPs to ensure they are all in good working order. RREEF America, LLC agrees to enter into a
contract with the City of Carlsbad obliging RREEF America, LLC to maintain, repair and replace the
storm water BMPs as necessary into perpetuity. As part of this contract, RREEF America, LLC
agrees to prepare an Inspection, Operation & Maintenance Plan (IOMP) satisfactory to the City
Engineer as an attachment to the contract. RREEF America, LLC is aware that the IOMP plan shall
describe the designated responsible party to manage the storm water BMPs, employees training
program and duties, operation schedule, maintenance frequency, routine service schedule, specific
maintenance activities, copies of resource agency permits and any other necessary activities. RREEF
America, LLC understands that at a minimum the IOMP plan shall require the inspection and
servicing of all structural BMPs on an annual basis, that all maintenance requirements shall be
documented, that all maintenance records shall be retained for at least five years and that all
documents shall be made available to the City for inspection upon request at any time. In addition,
RREEF America, LLC is aware that security may be required.
May 5, 2009 A20
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
Appendix A
Vicinity Map and Site Plan
May 5, 2009
/\
Project site.
CITY OF VISTA
PALOMA WAY ' \' -'- UROAQOAKS J.
\c— I
,LOM AR
-
I
\-37
\_) J
k-N Cos AVE
/
\
VICINITY MAP
NOT TO SCALE
CITY OF
SAN MARCOS
V)
LII
E
C
(7) 0
N (N
- - PROJECT BOIJNDAR Y
LANDSCAPE PLANTABLE AREA
POROUS PA VERS
NO. 8 A GGREGA IF IN OPENINGS
ORCO A QUA -BR/C OR EQUIVALENT BASIN BOUNDARY TRIBUTARY TO EACH BlIP
X BASIN AREA PER APPENDIX
BEDDING COURSE 2" THICK NO. 8 A GGREGA iF XX SUB-DRAINAGE AREA (ACRES)
_ASPHAL T PA VEMENT SEC //ON
EXIST CA TCH BASIN
4" THICK SEC11ON OF 1/2" CRUSHED ANGULAR ROCK
12" THICK (MIN) SEC//ON OF 3/4" ROCK (SEC//ON DEPTH
WILL VARY TO ENCOMPASS 3" PERFORA TED PIPE AL ON
ITS EN//RE LENGTH)
INSTALL 15 MIL S [EGO W7?A P TO EXTEND A MINIMUM OF
12" BELOW THE 3/4" ROCK LA YER
MIRAFI 500X FIL [ER FABRIC OR EQUIVALENT
ALONG SIDES AND BOTTOM OF OPEN-GRADED BASE
3" PERFORA TED PIPE HOLES DOWN, WRAPPED IN FILTER
BLANKET (MIRAFI 1401V OR EQUIVALENT) TO PREVENT CLOGGING
SOIL -SUBGRADE COMPACTED TO A MINIMUM DEGREE OF
COMPACT/ON OF 95 PERCENT
PERMEABLE PAVERS
NOT TO SCALE CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
SWIVIP SITE LAYOUT SHEET 1 OF 1
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
Appendix B
Hydrologic Calculations
May 5, 2009
DRAINAGE STUDY
FOR
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
Carlsbad, California
May 5, 2009
Prepared By:
Alidade
:Ezw ~
12632 Everston Road
San Diego, CA 92128
(858) 391-8216
Brent C. Moore RCE 59121
Registration Expires 6-30-2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SITE AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION page 1
METHODOLOGY page 1
EXISTING CONDITIONS page 1
DEVELOPED CONDITIONS page 1
EXISTING RUNOFF ANALYSIS page 3
DEVELOPED RUNOFF ANALYSIS page 3
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS page 3
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1: VICINITY MAP page 2
FIGURE 2A: EXISTING HYDROLOGY MAP attached
FIGURE 213: PROPOSED HYDROLOGY MAP attached
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1: Runoff Coefficients for Urban Areas
Appendix 2: Overland Time of Flow Nomograph
Appendix 3: 10-Year, 2-Year and 85th Percentile Rainfall Isopluvials
Appendix 4: Intensity-Duration Design Chart
Appendix 5: Gutter and Roadway Discharge Velocity Chart
SITE AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION:
This drainage study has been prepared as part of the Storm Water Management Plan as
required by the City of Carlsbad Storm Water Standards Manual for the grading and
improvements association with the proposed site improvements for the Carlsbad Research
Center. The proposed site improvements include sawcut and removal of existing pavement
and curb (7,000 square feet) to create additional landscape area and reconfigure the parking
layout as well as the addition of 8,900 square feet of paved area to create an additional 31
parking spaces. The project site is currently vacant and was previously developed under City
of Carlsbad Project Numbers PD 456 (DWG No. 349-9A) and MS-03-09 (DWG No. 425-
3A). The project site is located west of Interstate 5, east of El Camino Real and north of
Palomar Airport Road. Access to the site occurs off Faraday Avenue. See Figure No. I for
Vicinity Map. See Figures 2A and 2B attached at the end of this report for the existing and
proposed drainage limits.
METHODOLOGY
This drainage report has been prepared in accordance with the current City of Carlsbad Storm
Water Standards Manual regulations and procedures. All storm water calculations were
based on the 10-year, 2-year and 85th percentile storm events. The Rational Method was
used to compute the anticipated runoff. The following references have been used in
preparation of this report:
(1) San Diego County Hydrology Manual, June, 2003.
EXISTING CONDmoNs:
The project site was previously developed. The runoff generated on site sheet flows to one
of several existing storm water catch basins located throughout the site. Each of the existing
catch basins is fitted with a filter to cleanse the storm water runoff prior to exiting the site.
The system of existing catch basins is interconnected by an existing private storm drain
system that conveys the storm water runoff to the existing public storm drain facility located
within Faraday Avenue. The runoff from the site ultimately drains to the Aqua Hedionda
Lagoon by way of the Aqua Hedionda Creek and Letterbox Canyon.
DEVELOPED CONDITIONS:
The proposed site improvements include savcut and removal of existing pavement and curb
(7,000 square feet) to create additional landscape area and reconfigure the parking layout as
well as the addition of 8,900 square feet of paved area to create an additional 31 parking
spaces. The proposed site improvements will only slight affect the current runoff patterns on
site. The runoff will continue to drain to the existing catch basins located on site; but a small
portion of the runoff (0.01 acre) will be redirected from one localized drainage basin to
another. The proposed parking spaces located adjacent to the easterly property line will be
constructed of permeable payers. The underlying matrix of aggregate and crushed angular
rock will work in unison to cleanse the storm water runoff of pollutants. The design will
-
C4l
Project site.
CITY OF VISTA
OAKS \,NAY ROAD
LOAR
CITY OF
SAN MARCOS
VICINITY MAP
NOT TO SCALE
include a 3-inch perforated French drain to intercept the infiltrated runoff and direct it to the
existing private storm drain system.
EXISTING RUNOFF ANALYSIS:
The runoff from the existing site sheet flows to one of several existing storm water catch
basins located throughout the site. The system of existing catch basins is interconnected by
an existing private storm drain system that conveys the storm water runoff to the existing
public storm drain facility located within Faraday Avenue. The runoff from the site
ultimately drains to the Aqua Hedionda Lagoon by way of the Aqua Hedionda Creek and
Letterbox Canyon. The runoff coefficient for each of the localized basins was weighted
based upon the amount of pervious area included within each basin. See the attached
calculations for particulars.
DEVELOPED RUNOFF ANALYSIS:
The runoff from the improved site will continue to sheet flow to one of the several existing
storm water catch basins located throughout the site; but a small portion of the runoff (0.01
acre) will be redirected from one localized drainage basin to another. The runoff coefficients
for the site were based on soil group D as well as the proposed site improvements.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The runoff generated on the existing site was calculated to be 9.1 cfs, 6.5 cfs and 3.15 cfs
respectively for the 10-year, 2-year and 85th percentile storm events. The runoff generated
on-site with the proposed site improvements was calculated to be 9.4 cfs, 6.6 cfs and 3.26 cfs
respectively for the 10-year, 2-year and 85th percentile storm events. To help mitigate the
minor increase in runoff associated with the proposed site improvements, the 25 new parking
spaces located adjacent to the easterly property boundary will be constructed with pervious
payers. The structural section of the pervious payers will include an underlying matrix of
aggregate and crushed angular stone which will provide a cleaning mechanism through
shallow infiltration for the runoff generated within the new parking spaces and will also act
as a quasi-detention facility with the runoff volume stored within the voids until the stored
runoff is discharged through the proposed 3-inch perforated drain located at the low point of
the structural section. The proposed 3-inch perforated drain will connect directly the existing
private storm drain system the traverses the site.
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APPENDIX
San Diego County Hydrology Manual Section: 3
Date: June 2003 Page: 6 of 26
Table 3-1
RUNOFF COEFFICIENTS FOR URBAN AREAS
Land Use Runoff Coefficient "C"
Soil Type
NRCS Elements County Elements % IMPER. A B C D
Undisturbed Natural Terrain (Natural) Permanent Open Space 0 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35
Low Density Residential (LDR) Residential, 1.0 DU/A or less 10 0.27 0.32 0.36 0.41
Low Density Residential (LDR) Residential, 2.0 DU/A or less 20 0.34 0.38 0.42 0.46
Low Density Residential (LDR) Residential, 2.9 DU/A or less 25 0.38 0.41 0.45 0.49
Medium Density Residential (MDR) Residential, 4.3 DU/A or less 30 0.41 0.45 0.48 0.52
Medium Density Residential (MDR) Residential, 7.3 DU/A or less . 40 0.48 0.51 0.54 0.57
Medium Density Residential (MDR) Residential, 10.9 DU/A or less 45 0.52 0.54 0.57 . 0.60
Medium Density Residential (MDR) Residential, 14.5 DU/A or less 50 0.55 0.58 0.60 0.63
High Density Residential (HDR) Residential, 24.0 DU/A or less 65 0.66 0.67 0.69 0.71
High Density Residential (HDR) Residential, 43.0 DU/A or less 80 0.76 0.77 0.78 0.79
Commercial/Industrial (N. Corn) Neighborhood Commercial 80 0.76 0.77 0.78 0.79
Commercial/Industrial (U. Corn) General Commercial 85 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.82
Commercial/Industrial (O.P. Corn) Office Professional/Commercial 90 0.83 0.84 0.84 0.85
Commercial/Industrial (Limited I.) Limited Industrial 90 0.83 . 0.84 0.84 0.85
Commercial/Industrial (General I.) General Industrial 95 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.87
The values associated with 0% impervious may be used for direct calculation of the runoff coefficient as described in Section 3.1.2 (representing the pervious runoff
coefficient, Cp, for the soil type), or for areas that will remain undisturbed in perpetuity. Justification must be given that the area will remain natural forever (e.g., the area
is located in Cleveland National Forest).
DU/A = dwelling units per acre
NRCS = National Resources Conservation Service
3-6
100 30
In
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Ui
3 0 20j
LU U z
LU
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o
0
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Slope (a) __________ T= 1.8 (1.1-C) V
Runoff Coefficient (C) = 0.41
Overland Flow Tune (1) = 9.6 Minutes
SOURCE; Airport Drainage. Federal Aviation Administration. 1965
FIGURE
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LEGEND*
PROJECT BOUNDARY
BASIN NO.
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XA EXISTING HYDROLOGY EXHIBIT
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
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12632 EVERSTON ROAD
SAN DIEGO, CA 92128 FIGURE: 2A
PH: (858) 391-8216 EXISTING HYDROLOGY EXHIBIT
FAX: (858)391-8216
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...... .......
12632 EVERSTON ROAD FIGURE: 213 SAN DIEGO, CA 92128
PH: (858)391-8216 DEVELOPED HYDROLOGY EXHIBIT
FAX: (858)391-8216
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
Appendix C
Educational Materials
May 5, 2009
Erosion Control
When unvegetated areas like slopes and graded lots are not properly or
adequatly protected, rain water can carry oil, fertilizers, pesticides, and
sediments into the storm drain system. Impervious surfaces such as roads,
roofs, driveways and parking lots will not absorb
- water and the runoff that flows over these areas
._• .. goes directly into our waterways. Streams,
creeks, and rivers help remove sediments and
other pollutants from surface waters, however
.• : these natural systems have their limits.
Sediments and other pollutants can overload a
waterway and prevent natural biological,
chemical, and physical processes from occurring.
Best Management Practices (BMPs) are procedures that help to prevent
pollutants from entering our storm drains. Each of us can do our part to keep
storm water clean. Using BMPs adds up to a pollution solution!
RT!
It is illegal to pile dirt or other materials on streets, driveways, and sidewalks where it
could run off into the storm drain. If you must temporarily remove soil and dirt,
make sure it is contained by a berm and covered with a tarp. If you are
permanently removing dirt, you should locate your nearest disposal area or
contact a commercial business to handle your disposal needs. 0 0
The Bare Necessities
Slopes, lots, and other areas where erosion can occur should not be left bare for long
periods of time. Sand bags, hay bales, silt fences, and detention basins can help to
control erosion, but are not long term solutions to an erosion control problem. Where
bare areas are not immediately revegetated, mulch or straw matting can also provide
temporary protection.
Keep it Green
Leaving as much vegetation as possible is the best way to minimize erosion.
Plants are a natural, inexpensive and highly effective means of controlling
runoff. Runoff slows down and loses much of its force when it reaches a strip
of vegetation. Vegetation also works as a filter, straining out sediment, debris
and other pollutants.
What you can DO!!
Use native plants in your landscape, • Report illegal discharges.
whenever possible. • Use pesticides and fertilizers sparingly.
Sweep up, instead of hosing down. • Regularly check irrigation timers and
Try composting! sprinkler systems.
Protect slopes from runoff. • Cut back, not clear cut!!
Volunteer to help clean up and revegetate.
For information about properly disposing of and/or recycling dirt, concrete,
paint, drywall, and other materials call 1-800-CLEAN-UP or visit
www.1800CLEANUP.org
For more information or to report an illegal
discharge, please call 760-602-2799
V
Trash and debris that enter the storm drain system eventually end up
polluting our beaches and waterways. Trash not
only pollutes our water and harms marine life, it 1ølI gi can clog storm drains which results in floods during '
rainy weather. Best Management Practices or
BMPs are procedures that help to prevent trash
and other pollutants from entering our storm
drains. Each of us can do our part to keep storm
water clean. Using BMPs adds up to a pollution
solution!
DUMPSTERS!
All trash must be placed inside dumpsters or containers until it can be
hauled away. Dumpsters should neN e be allowed to overflow and
should always be kept closed to prevent rainwater from entering. Never
place liquid waste, leaky garbage bags, and hazardous waste in a
dumpster or trash bin. Routinely check dumpsters for leaks and
immediately contact your trash disposal company if leaks are found.
TRY IT DRY!
Instead of using a hose or pressure washing system, tl\ dr\ ln up
method! Use mops, brooms or wire brushes to clean dumpsters, sidewalks,
buildings, equipment, pavement, driveways, or other impervious surfaces.
Use brooms and absorbents such as cat litter, sawdust or vermiculite to clean
up small spills. Sweep up around dumpsters and other areas frequently to
prevent trash from accumulating.
ONLY RAIN IN THE STORM DRAIN!
Identify and locate storm drains near your business or home where pollutants could flow
from your dumpster or trash bin. The City has stencils you can use to paint your nearby
storm drain to let ever one k nov that water flows to the ocean. If a storm drain is on your
private property, check it frequently and clean out any debris.
RECYCLE! RECYCLE! RECYCLE!
Most trash and debris can be recycled and used for other purposes. Items
such as cans, bottles, newspaper, office paper, and cardboard can be recycled
at sites throughout the City. For information about recycling opportunities in
your area call 1-800-( IF \-t P or visit .I 800( I F, % \ I P.oig
SPILLS
If an accidental spill occurs immediately use rags, a mop, or an absorbent and containment
materials to prevent liquids from dumpsters and trash bins from entering the
storm drain. Keep cleanup kits in places where they are easily accessible.
Develop a spill response plan for your business and make sure your
- employees ko v.liat to d when spills occur. The City can work with you
to develop a plan and BMPs for your specific business.
For more information or to report an illegal
discharge. please call 760-602-2799
Billions of cigarette butts are discarded eaCti yea1 on our
Ifickin 'Buffs in Carlsbad!
Only Rain in the Storm Drain
H-oLo( Ovto yokr -F::>ktts P>efore
Tl'iej Cet A H-oLc C)vL The
& vJI,ro vvt&e t
streets and sidewalKs. When it rains, storm water carries
them to our water ways, beaches and ocean. As a result, they
have become the most common type of litter found on our
coastline and in the storm drain system. Cigarette butts are
not biodegradable; in fact, it can talce over 15 years to breaK
them down, all the while releasing the toxic chemicals
contained in the filters. Please hold onto your cigarette butts
until they can be disposed Of properly. Become apart of the
City of Carlsbad Pollution Colutlon I - r p Storm Water Protection Program
HOTline (760) 602-2799
www.carlsbadconservesorg
Site Design & Landscape Planning SD-10
VA
-
1- -
- • -i:;,
.•
.-
Design Objectives
11 Maximize infiltration
El Provide Retention
El Stow Runoff
Minimize Impervious Land
Coverage
Prohibit Dumping of improper
Materials
Contain Pollutants
Collect and Convey
Description
Each project site possesses unique topographic. hydrologic, and vegetative features, some of
which are more suitable for development than others. Integrating and incorporating
appropriate landscape planning methodologies into the project design is the most effective
action that can be done to minimize surface and groundwater contamination from stormwater.
Approach
Landscape planning should couple consideration of land suitability for urban uses with
consideration of community goals and projected growth. Project plan designs should conserve
natural areas to the extent possible, maximize natural water storage and infiltration
opportunities, and protect slopes and channels.
Suitable Applications
Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for
development or redevelopment.
Design Considerations
Design requirements for site design and landscapes planning
should conform to applicable standards and specifications of
agencies with jurisdiction and be consistent with applicable
General Plan and Local Area Plan policies.
January 2003 Catifoma Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 4
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphanclhooks.com
SD-10 Site Design & Landscape Planning
Designing New Installations
Begin the development of a plan for the landscape unit with attention to the following general
principles:
Formulate the plan on the basis of dearly articulated community goals. Carefully identify
conflicts and choices between retaining and protecting desired resources and community
growth.
Map and assess land suitability for urban uses. Include the following landscape features in
the assessment: wooded land, open unwooded land, steep slopes, erosion-prone soils,
foundation suitability, soil suitability for waste disposal, aquifers, aquifer recharge areas,
wetlands, floodplains, surface waters, agricultural lands, and various categories of urban
land use. When appropriate, the assessment can highlight outstanding local or regional
resources that the community determines should be protected (e.g., a scenic area,
recreational area, threatened species habitat, farmland, fish run). Mapping and assessment
should recognize not only these resources but also additional areas needed for their
sustenance.
Project plan designs should conserve natural areas to the extent possible, maximize natural
water storage and infiltration opportunities, and protect slopes and channels.
Conserve Natural Areas during Landscape Planning
If applicable, the following items are required and must be implemented in the site layout
during the subdivision design and approval process, consistent with applicable General Plan and
Local Area Plan policies:
Cluster development on least-sensitive portions of a site while leaving the remaining land in
a natural undisturbed condition.
Limit clearing and grading of native vegetation at a site to the minimum amount needed to
build lots, allow access, and provide fire protection.
Maximize trees and other vegetation at each site by planting additional vegetation, clustering
tree areas, and promoting the use of native and/or drought tolerant plants.
Promote natural vegetation by using parking lot islands and other landscaped areas.
Preserve riparian areas and wetlands.
Maximize Natural Water Storage and Infiltration Opportunities Within the Landscape Unit
Promote the conservation of forest cover. Building on land that is already deforested affects
basin hydrology to a lesser extent than converting forested land. Loss of forest cover reduces
interception storage, detention in the organic forest floor layer, and water losses by
evapotranspiration, resulting in large peak runoff increases and either their negative effects
or the expense of countering them with structural solutions.
Maintain natural storage reservoirs and drainage condors, including depressions, areas of
permeable soils, swales, and intermittent streams. Develop and implement policies and
2 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Site Design & Landscape Planning SD-10
regulations to discourage the clearing, filling, and channelization of these features. Utilize
them in drainage networks in preference top, culverts, and engineered ditches.
Evaluating infiltration opportunities by referring to the stormwater management manual for
the jurisdiction and pay particular attention to the selection criteria for avoiding
groundwater contamination, poor soils, and hydrogeological conditions that cause these
facilities to fail. If necessary, locate developments with large amounts of impervious
surfaces or a potential to produce relatively contaminated runoff away from groundwater
recharge areas.
Protection of Slopes and Channels during Landscape Design
Convey runoff safely from the tops of slopes.
. Avoid disturbing steep or unstable slopes.
Avoid disturbing natural channels.
Stabilize disturbed slopes as quicidy as possible.
Vegetate slopes with native or drought tolerant vegetation.
Control and treat flows in landscaping and/or other controls prior to reaching existing
natural drainage systems.
Stabilize temporary and permanent channel crossings as quickly as possible, and ensure that
increases in run-off velocity and frequency caused by the project do not erode the channel.
Install energy dissipaters, such as riprap, at the outlets of new storm drains, culverts,
conduits, or channels that enter unlined channels in accordance with applicable
specifications to m1n1nu7e erosion. Energy dissipaters shall be installed in such a way as to
minimize impacts to receiving waters.
Line on-site conveyance channels where appropriate, to reduce erosion caused by increased
flow velocity due to increases in tributary impervious area. The first choice for linings
should be grass or some other vegetative surface, since these materials not only reduce
runoff velocities, but also provide water quality benefits from filtration and infiltration. If
velocities in the channel are high enough to erode grass or other vegetative linings, riprap,
concrete, soil cement, or geo-grid stabilization are other alternatives.
Consider other design principles that are comparable and equally effective.
Redeveloping Existing Installations
Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.)
define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross
floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or
impervious surfaces. The definition of" redevelopment" must be consulted to determine
whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for
redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations"
above should be followed.
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 4
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
SD-10 Site Design & Landscape Planning
Redevelopment may present significant opportunity to add features which had not previously
been implemented. Examples include incorporation of depressions, areas of permeable soils,
and swales in newly redeveloped areas. While some site constraints may exist due to the status
of already existing infrastructure, opportunities should not be missed to maximize infiltration,
slow runoff, reduce impervious areas, disconnect directly connected impervious areas.
Other Resources
A Manual for the Standard Urban Stomiwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County
Department of Public Works, May 2002.
Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Washington State Department of
Ecology, August 2001.
Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of
San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 42002.
Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood
Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003.
Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures,
July 2002.
4 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook • January 2003
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Efficient Irrigation SD-12
Design Objectives
21 Maximize Infiltration
El Provide Retention
El Slow Runoff
Minimize Impervious Land
Coverage
Prohibit Dumping of Improper
Materials
Contain Pollutants
Collect and Convey
Description
Irrigation water provided to landscaped areas may result in excess irrigation water being
conveyed into stormwater drainage systems.
Approach
Project plan designs for development and redevelopment should include application methods of
irrigation water that minimize runoff of excess irrigation water into the stormwater conveyance
system.
Suitable Applications
Appropriate applications include residential, conmiercial and industrial areas planned for
development or redevelopment. (Detached residential single-family homes are typically
excluded from this requirement.)
Design Considerations
Designing New Installations
The following methods to reduce excessive irrigation runoff should be considered, and
incorporated and implemented where determined applicable and feasible by the Permittee:
Employ rain-triggered shutoff devices to prevent irrigation after precipitation.
Design irrigation systems to each landscape areas specific water requirements.
Include design featuring flow reducers or shutoff valves
triggered by a pressure drop to control water loss in the event
of broken sprinkler heads or lines.
Implement landscape plans consistent with County or City
water conservation resolutions, which may include provision
of water sensors, programmable irrigation times (for short
cycles) etc.
h91
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 2
New Development and Redevelopment www.cahmphandhooks.com
SD-12 Efficient Irrigation
Design timing and application methods of irrigation water to minimize the runoff of excess
irrigation water into the storm water drainage system.
Group plants with similar water requirements in order to reduce excess irrigation runoff and
promote surface filtration. Choose plants with low irrigation requirements (for example,
native or drought tolerant species). Consider design features such as:
- Using mulches (such as wood chips or bar) in planter areas without ground cover to
minimize sediment in runoff
- Installing appropriate plant materials for the location, in accordance with amount of
sunlight and climate, and use native plant materials where possible and/or as
recommended by the landscape architect
- Leaving a vegetative barrier along the property boundary and interior watercourses, to
act as a pollutant filter, where appropriate and feasible
- Choosing plants that minimize or eliminate the use of fertilizer or pesticides to sustain
growth
Employ other comparable, equally effective methods to reduce irrigation water runoff.
Redeveloping Existing Installations
Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.)
define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross
floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or
impervious surfaces. The definition of" redevelopment" must be consulted to determine
whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for
redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps-outlined under "designing new installations"
above should be followed.
Other Resources
A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County
Department of Public Works, May 2002.
Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of
San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002.
Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood
Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003.
Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures,
July 2002.
2 of 2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Pervious Pavements SD-20
Design Objectives
Maximize Infiltration
El Provide Retention
El Slow Runoff
Minimize Impervious Land
Coverage
Prohibit Dumping of Improper
Materials
Contain Pollutants
Collect and Convey
Description
Pervious paving is used for light vehicle loading in parking areas. The term describes a system comprising a load-bearing, durable surface together with an underlying layered structure that
temporarily stores water prior to infiltration or drainage to a controlled outlet. The surface can
itself be porous such that water infiltrates across the entire surface of the material (e.g., grass
and gravel surfaces, porous concrete and porous asphalt), or can be built up of impermeable
blocks separated by spaces and joints, through which the water can drain. This latter system is
termed permeable' paving. Advantages of pervious pavements is that they reduce runoff
volume while providing treatment, and are unobtrusive resulting in a high level of acceptability.
Approach
Attenuation of flow is provided by the storage within the underlying structure or sub base,
together with appropriate flow controls. An underlying geotextile may permit groundwater
recharge, thus contributing to the restoration of the natural water cycle. Alternatively, where
infiltration is inappropriate (e.g., if the groundwater vulnerability is high, or the soil type is
unsuitable), the surface can be constructed above an impermeable membrane. The system offers
a valuable solution for drainage of spatially constrained urban areas.
Significant attenuation and improvement in water quality can be achieved by permeable
pavements, whichever method is used. The surface and subsurface infrastructure can remove
both the soluble and fine particulate pollutants that occur within urban runoff. Roof water can
be piped into the storage area directly, adding areas from which the flow can be attenuated.
Also, within lined systems, there is the opportunity for stored runoff to be piped out for reuse.
Suitable Applications
Residential, commercial and industrial applications are possible.
The use of permeable pavement may be restricted in cold regions, ..-- arid regions or regions with high wind erosion. There are some
specific disadvantages associated with permeable pavement,
which are as follows:
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook I of 10 New Development and Redevelopment
www.cahmphandhooks.com
SD-20 Pervious Pavements
Permeable pavement can become clogged if improperly installed or maintained. However,
this is countered by the ease with which small areas of paving can be cleaned or replaced when blocked or damaged.
Their application should be limited to highways with low traffic volumes, axle loads and
speeds (less than 30 mph limit), car parking areas and other lightly trafficked or non-
trafficked areas. Permeable surfaces are currently not considered suitable for adoptable
roads due to the risks associated with failure on high speed roads, the safety implications of
ponding, and disruption arising from reconstruction.
When using un-lined, infiltration systems, there is some risk of contaminating groundwater,
depending on soil conditions and aquifer susceptibility. However, this risk is likely to be
small because the areas drained tend to have inherently low pollutant loadings.
The use of permeable pavement is restricted to gentle slopes.
Porous block paving has a higher risk of abrasion and damage than solid blocks.
Design Considerations
Designing New Installations
If the grades, subsoils, drainage characteristics, and groundwater conditions are suitable,
permeable paving may be substituted for conventional pavement on parking areas, cul de sacs
and other areas with light traffic. Slopes should be flat or very gentle. Scottish experience has
shown that permeable paving systems can be installed in a wide range of ground conditions, and
the flow attenuation performance is excellent even when the systems are lined.
The suitability of a pervious system at a particular pavement site will, however, depend on the
loading criteria required of the pavement.
Where the system is to be used for infiltrating drainage waters into the ground, the vulnerability
of local groundwater sources to pollution from the site should be low, and the seasonal high
water table should be at least 4 feet below the surface.
Ideally, the pervious surface should be horizontal in order to intercept local rainfall at source.
On sloping sites, pervious surfaces may be terraced to accommodate differences in levels.
Design Guidelines
The design of each layer of the pavement must be determined by the likely traffic loadings and
their required operational life. To provide satisfactory performance, the following criteria
should be considered:
The subgrade should be able to sustain traffic loading without excessive deformation.
The granular capping and sub-base layers should give sufficient load-bearing to provide an
adequate construction platform and base for the overlying pavement layers.
The pavement materials should not crack of suffer excessive rutting under the influence of
traffic. This is controlled by the horizontal tensile stress at the base of these layers.
2 of 10 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Pervious Pavements SD-20
There is no current structural design method specifically for pervious pavements. Allowances
should be considered the following factors in the design and specification of materials:
a Pervious pavements use materials with high permeability and void space. All the current UK
pavement design methods are based on the use of conventional materials that are dense and
relatively impermeable. The stiffness of the materials must therefore be assessed.
a Water is present within the construction and can soften and weaken materials, and this must
be allowed for.
Existing design methods assume full friction between layers. Any geotextiles or
geomenibranes must be carefully specified to minimize loss of friction between layers.
Porous asphalt loses adhesion and becomes brittle as air passes through the voids. Its
durability is therefore lower than conventional materials.
The single sized grading of materials used means that care should be taken to ensure that loss of
finer particles between unbound layers does not occur.
Positioning a geotextile near the surface of the pervious construction should enable pollutants to
be trapped and retained close to the surface of the construction. This has both advantages and
disadvantages. The main disadvantage is that the filtering of sediments and their associated
pollutants at this level may hamper percolation of waters and can eventually lead to surface
ponding. One advantage is that even if eventual maintenance is required to reinstate
infiltration, only a limited amount of the construction needs to be disturbed, since the sub-base
below the geotextile is protected. In addition, the pollutant concentration at a high level in the
structure allows for its release over time. it is slowly transported in the stormwater to lower
levels where chemical and biological processes may be operating to retain or degrade pollutants.
The design should ensure that sufficient void space exists for the storage of sediments to limit
the period between remedial works.
Pervious pavements require a single size grading to give open voids. The choice of materials
is therefore a compromise between stiffness, permeability and storage capacity.
a Because the sub-base and capping will be in contact with water for a large part of the time,
the strength and durability of the aggregate particles when saturated and subjected to
wetting and drying should be assessed.
A uniformly graded single size material cannot be compacted and is liable to move when
construction traffic passes over it. This effect can be reduced by the use of angular crushed
rock material with a high surface friction.
In pollution control terms, these layers represent the site of long term chemical and biological
pollutant retention and degradation processes. The construction materials should be selected,
in addition to their structural strength properties, for their ability to sustain such processes. In
general, this means that materials should create neutral or slightly alkaline conditions and they
should provide favorable sites for colonization by microbial populations.
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 10 New Development and Redevelopment
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SD-20 .. . Pervious Pavements
Construction/Inspection Considerations . ... . :: ......
Permeable surfaces can be laid without cross-falls or longitudinal gradients
The blocks should be lain level• .:
They should not be used for storage of site materials, unless the surface is well protected
from deposition of silt and other spillages.
. . .... .:
The pavement should be constructed in a single operation, as one of the last items to be
built, on a development site. Landscape development should be completed before pavement
construction to avoid contamination by silt or soil from this source.
Surfaces draining to the pavement should be stabilized before construction of the pavement.
Inappropriate construction equipment should be kept away from the pavement to prevent
damage to the surface, sub-base or sub-grade.
Maintenance Requirements . -. .
The maintenance requirements of a pervious surface should be reviewed at the time of design
and should be clearly specified. Maintenance is required to prevent clogging of the pervious
surface. The factors to be considered when defining maintenance requirements must include:
Type ofuse •:. •::. .
.
S
Ownership
.
. : : :.
Level of trafficking
The local environment and any contributing catchments : .•
Studies in the UK have shown satisfactory operation of porous pavement systems without.
maintenance for over 10 years and recent work by Imbe et al. at 9th ICUD, Portland, 2002
describes systems operating for over 20 years without maintenance. However, performance
under such regimes could not be guaranteed, Table 1 shows typical recommended maintenance
regimes:
4 of 10 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
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Pervious Pavements SD-20
Table 1 Typical Recommended Maintenance Regimes
Activity Schedule
Minimize use of salt or grit for de-icing.
Keep landscaped areas well maintained Ongoing
Prevent soil being washed onto pavement
Vacuum clean surface using commercially available sweeping
machines at the following times:
- End of winter (April) 2/3 x per year
- Mid-summer (July / August)
- After Autumn leaf-fall (November)
Inspect outlets Annual
If routine cleaning does not restore infiltration rates, then
reconstruction of part of the whole of a pervious surface may be
required.
i The surface area affected by hydraulic failure should be lifted for
inspection of the internal materials to identify the location and
As needed (infrequent) extent of the blockage. Maximum 15-20 years
i Surface materials should be lifted and replaced after brush
cleaning. Geotextiles may need complete replacement.
i Sub-surface layers may need cleaning and replacing.
i Removed silts may need to be disposed of as controlled waste.
Permeable pavements are up to 25 % cheaper (or at least no more expensive than the traditional
forms of pavement construction), when all construction and drainage costs are taken into
account. (Accepting that the porous asphalt itself is a more expensive surfacing, the extra cost of
which is offset by the savings in underground pipework etc.) (Niemczynowicz, et al., 1987)
Table 1 gives US cost estimates for capital and maintenance costs of porous pavements
(Landphair et al., 2000)
Redeveloping Existing Installations
Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.)
define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross
floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or
impervious surfaces. The definition of" redevelopment" must be consulted to determine
whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for
redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations"
above should be followed.
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 10 New Development and Redevelopment
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SD'20 Pervious Pavements
Additional Information
Cost Considerations
Permeable pavements are up to 25 % cheaper (or at least no more expensive than the traditional
forms of pavement construction), when all construction and drainage costs are taken into
account. (Accepting that the porous asphalt itself is a more expensive surfacing, the extra cost of
which is offset by the savings in underground pipework etc.) (Niemczynowicz, et al., 1987)
Table 2 gives US cost estimates for capital and maintenance costs of porous pavements
(Landphair et al., 2000)
6 of 10 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment
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Pervious Pavements SD-20
Table 2 Engineer's Estimate for Porous Pavement
_Porous Pavement_____
Item tJdt Price CyCI&
Year
Qwt. I
Acre WS Total Quint?
AcrcWS Total Quial.3
Acre %V.% Total Qu.nL4
AereWS Total Q.aut
Acre WS Total
Grading V $2.00 604 81.208 1209 $2,418 1812 $3624 2419 $4,838 3020 ____
$6,040
Pavrng Sy 119.00 212 $4,028 424 $8056 638 $12,064 848 $16,112 1080 $20,140
xcavatio 'V $3.60 201 $724 403 $1,451 604 82,174 806 $2,902 iooa 53.829 Filter Fabric I $1.15 TOO $805 1400 $1,610 1 2000 $2,300 2800 1 $3.220 3600 $4.140
Stone Fill CV $16.00 201 $3,216 403 $6,448 604 $9.664 808 $12,896 1008 $16,128 Sand CV $7.00 100 $700 200 $1,400 300 32,100 400 $2,800 500 $3500
Sight WoN EA $300.00 2 $600 3 $900 4 $1.200 7 $2,100 7 $2,100
Seeding T $0.05 644 $32 1288 $64 1932 $97 2576 1129 3220 8161
Check Dam CV $35.00 $0 0 80 0 $0 0 80 0 $0
Total Construction Coats $10,105 $19,929 $29,019 $40,158. $49,798
Conatruction Costs Ain
or20Years; $505 $998 $1481 $2,008 $2,490
Annual Maintenance Expense
Item Udha Price
_
(vdejl
Year
Qaaat.l
Acre WS Total AcieWS AcreWS Total
______
Qufl
AcreWS Total Told
AC $250.00 6 I 1T AcreWSSweeping 2
QuinL2
FS3000
3 84,500 4 56,000 5
AC $250.00 6 1 $1,500
57.500Washing 2 3 $4,500 4 58.000 5
P4 $20.00 5 5 $100
$
Inspection 5 5 $100 5 8100 5 $100 fleepClean _.--.AC $450.00 0.5 1 I $225 1 2 $450 1 3 1 $675 1 3.9 $878 5 $1.125
Total Annual Mahonanco Expense $3,980 $7,792 $11,651 $15483 $19,370
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 7 of 10
New Development and Redevelopment
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SD-20 Pervious Pavements
Other Resources
Abbott C.L. and Comino-Mateos L. 2001. In situ performance monitoring of an infiltration
drainage system and field testing of current design procedures. Journal CIWEM, 15(3), pp.198-
202.
Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA). 2002. Source Control using Constructed Pervious Surfaces C582, London, SWiP 3AU.
Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA). 2000. Sustainable urban drainage systems - design manual for Scotland and Northern IrelandReport C521, London, SWiP 3AU.
Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA). 2000 C522 Sustainable
urban drainage systems - design manual for England and Wales, London, SWiP 3AU.
Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA). RP448 Manual of good
practice for the design, construction and maintenance of infiltration drainage systems for
stormwater runoff control and disposal, London, SWiP 3AU.
Dierkes C., Kuhlmann L., Kandasamy J. & Angelis G. Pollution Retention Capability and
Maintenance of Permeable Pavements. Proc 91h International Conference on Urban Drainage,
Portland Oregon, September 2002.
Hart P (2002) Permeable Paving as a Stormwater Source Control System. Paper presented at Scottish Hydraulics Study Group 14th Annual seminar, SUDS. 22 March 2002, Glasgow.
Kobayashi M., 1999. Stormwater runoff control in Nagoya City. Proc. 8th mt. Conf. on
Urban Storm Drainage, Sydney, Australia, pp.825-833.
Landphair, H., McFalls, J., Thompson, D., 2000, Design Methods, Selection, and Cost
Effectiveness of Stormwater Quality Structures, Texas Transportation Institute Research Report
1837-1, College Station, Texas.
Legret M, Colandini V, Effects of a porous pavement with reservor strucutre on runoff
water:water quality and the fate of heavy metals. Laboratoire Central Des Ponts et Chaussesss
Macdonald K. & Jefferies C. Performance Comparison of Porous Paved and Traditional Car
Parks. Proc. First National Conference on Sustainable Drainage Systems, Coventry June 2001.
Niemczynowicz J, Hogland W, 1987: Test of porous pavements performed in Lund, Sweden, in
Topics in Drainage Hydraulics and Hydrology. BC. Yen (Ed.), pub. mt. Assoc. For Hydraulic
Research, pp 3L9-80.
Pratt C.J. SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE - A Review of published material on the
performance of various SUDS devices prepared for the UK Environment Agency. Coventry
University, UK December 2001.
Pratt C.J., 1995. Infiltration drainage - case studies of UK practice. Project Report
8 of 10 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Pervious Pavements SD-20
22,Construction Industry Research and Information Association, London, SWiP 3AU; also
known as National Rivers Authority R & D Note 485
Pratt. C. J., 1990. Permeable Pavements for Stormwater Quality Enhancement. In: Urban
Stormwater Quality Enhancement - Source Control, retrofitting and combined sewer
technology, Ed. H.C. Torno, ASCE, ISBN 087262 7594, pp. 131-155
Raimbault G., 1997 French Developments in Reservoir Structures Sustainable water resources I
the 21g century. Malmo Sweden
Schlüter W. & Jefferies C. Monitoring the outflow from a Porous Car Park Proc. First National
Conference on Sustainable Drainage Systems, Coventry June 2001.
Wild, T.C., Jefferies, C., and D'Arcy, B.J. SUDS in Scotland - the Scottish SUDS database
Report No SR(02)09 Scotland and Northern Ireland Forum for Environmental Research,
Edinburgh. In preparation August 2002.
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 9 of 10
New Development and Redevelopment
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SD-20 Pervious Pavements
Pennepme -I Overlim ...4 ••Sub.boc•
-
----.To fifter 1
Ireatun . I PIfl1CAIO
V Sub-base Mentn. . or teuset . ••. . InriI,nuon
la) Pervious pavement used for attenuation (b) Pervious pavement used for Infiltration
Piolt'ct the I3ai,
IPaint'H
Use tire Household lVaslc
::. Trenimessi Facility
Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
Description
Non-stormwater discharges are those flows that do not consist
entirely of stormwater. Some non-stormwater discharges do not
include pollutants and may be discharged to the storm drain.
These include uncontaminated groundwater and natural springs.
There are also some non-stormwater discharges that typically do
not contain pollutants and may be discharged to the storm drain
with conditions. These include car washing, air conditioner
condensate, etc. However there are certain non-stormwater
discharges that pose-environmental concern. These discharges
may originate from illegal dumping or from internal floor drains,
appliances, industrial processes, sinks, and toilets that are
connected to the nearby storm drainage system. These
discharges (which may include: process waste waters, cooling
waters, wash waters, and sanitary wastewater) can carry
substances such as paint, oil, fuel and other automotive fluids,
chemicals and other pollutants into storm drains. They can
generally be detected through a combination of detection and
elimination. The ultimate goal is to effectively eliminate non-
stormwater discharges to the stormwater drainage system
through implementation of measures to detect, correct, and
enforce against illicit connections and illegal discharges of
pollutants on streets and into the storm drain system and creeks.
Approach
Initially the industry must make an assessment of non-
stormwater discharges to determine which types must be
eliminated or addressed through BMPs. The focus of the
following approach is in the elimination of non-stormwater
discharges.
Objectives
is Cover
Contain
Educate
Reduc&Mãnimize
is Product Substitution
Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients f
Trash
Metals /
Bacteria /
Oil and Grease /
Organics /
AS; QA.
;can
Stormwater
\ Quality )A1soctatIon
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 6
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SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges
Pollution Prevention
Ensure that used oil, used antifreeze, and hazardous chemical recycling programs are being
implemented. Encourage litter control.
Suggested Protocols
Recommended Complaint Investigation Equipment
Field Screening Analysis
- pH paper or meter
- Commercial stormwater pollutant screening kit that can detect for reactive phosphorus,
nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, specific conductance, and turbidity
- Sample jars
- Sample collection pole
- A tool to remove access hole covers
. Laboratory Analysis
- Sample cooler
- Ice
- Sample jars and labels
- Chain of custody forms
Documentation
- Camera
- Notebook
- Pens
- Notice of Violation forms
- Educational materials
General
Develop clear protocols and lines of communication for effectively prohibiting non-
stormwater discharges, especially those that are not classified as hazardous. These are often
not responded to as effectively as they need to be.
Stencil or demarcate storm drains, where applicable, to prevent illegal disposal of pollutants.
Storm drain inlets should have messages such as "Dump No Waste Drains to Stream"
stenciled or demarcated next to them to warn against ignorant or intentional dumping of
pollutants into the storm drainage system.
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Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
See SC44 Stormwater Drainage System Maintenance for additional information.
Illicit Connections
Locate discharges from the industrial storm drainage system to the municipal storm drain
system through review of "as-built" piping schematics.
Isolate problem areas and plug illicit discharge points.
Locate and evaluate all discharges to the industrial storm drain system.
Visual Inspection and Inventory
Inventory and inspect each discharge point during dry weather.
Keep in mind that drainage from a storm event can continue for a day or two following the
end of a storm and groundwater may infiltrate the underground stormwater collection system. Also, non-stormwater discharges are often intermittent and may require periodic inspections.
Review Infield Piping
A review of the "as-built" piping schematic is a way to determine if there are any connections
to the stormwater collection system.
Inspect the path of floor drains in older buildings.
Smoke Testing
Smoke testing of wastewater and stormwater collection systems is used to detect connections between the two systems.
During dry weather the stormwater collection system is filled with smoke and then traced to sources. The appearance of smoke at the base of a toilet indicates that there may be a connection between the sanitary and the stormwater system.
Dye Testing
A dye test can be performed by simply releasing a dye into either your sanitary or process wastewater system and examining the discharge points from the stormwater collection
system for discoloration..
TVlnspection of Drainage System
TV Cameras can be employed to visually identify illicit connections to the industrial storm
drainage system.
Illegal Dumping
Regularly inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas where illegal
dumping and disposal occurs.
On paved surfaces, clean up spills with as little water as possible. Use a rag for small spills, a damp mop for general cleanup, and absorbent material for larger spills. If the spilled
material is hazardous, then the used cleanup materials are also hazardous and must be sent to a certified laundry (rags) or disposed of as hazardous waste.
3anuary 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 6
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SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges
Never hose down or bury dry material spills. Sweep up the material and dispose of properly.
Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down the spill. Remove the
adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly.
For larger spills, a private spill cleanup company or Hazmat team may be necessary.
Once a site has been cleaned:
Post "No Dumping" signs with a phone number for reporting dumping and disposal.
Landscaping and beautification efforts of hot spots may also discourage future dumping, as
well as provide open space and increase property values.
Lighting or barriers may also be needed to discourage future dumping.
See fact sheet SCu Spill Prevention, Control, and Cleanup.
Inspection
Regularly inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas where illegal
dumping and disposal occurs.
Conduct field investigations of the industrial storm drain system for potential sources of
non-stormwater discharges.
Pro-actively conduct investigations of high priority areas. Based on historical data, prioritize
specific geographic areas and/or incident type for pro-active investigations.
Reporting
A database is useful for defining and tracking the magnitude and location of the problem.
Report prohibited non-stormwater discharges observed during the course of normal daily
activities so they can be investigated, contained, and cleaned up or eliminated.
Document that non-stormwater discharges have been eliminated by recording tests
performed, methods used, dates of testing, and any on-site drainage points observed.
Document and report annually the results of the program.
Maintain documentation of illicit connection and illegal dumping incidents, including
significant conditionally exempt discharges that are not properly managed.
Training
Training of technical staff in identifying and documenting illegal dumping incidents is
required.
Consider posting the quick reference table near storm drains to reinforce training.
Train employees to identify non-stormwater discharges and report discharges to the
appropriate departments.
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Non-Stormwater Discharges SC-10
Educate employees about spill prevention and cleanup.
Well-trained employees can reduce human errors that lead to accidental releases or spills.
The employee should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill
should one occur. Employees should be familiar with the Spill Prevention Control and
Countermeasure Plan.
Determine and implement appropriate outreach efforts to reduce non-permissible non-
stormwater discharges.
Conduct spill response drills annually (if no events occurred to evaluate your plan) in
cooperation with other industries.
When a responsible party is identified, educate the party on the impacts of his or her actions.
Spill Response and Prevention
See SCil Spill Prevention Control and Cleanup.
Other Considerations
Many facilities do not have accurate, up-to-date schematic drawings.
Requirements
Costs (including capital and operation & maintenance)
The primary cost is for staff time and depends on how aggressively a program is
implemented.
Cost for containment and disposal is borne by the discharger.
illicit connections can be difficult to locate especially if there is groundwater infiltration.
Indoor floor drains may require re-plumbing if cross-connections to storm drains are
detected.
Maintenance (including administrative and staffing)
illegal dumping and illicit connection violations requires technical staff to detect and
investigate them.
Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Illegal Dumping
Substances illegally dumped on streets and into the storm drain systems and creeks include
paints, used oil and other automotive fluids, construction debris, chemicals, fresh concrete,
leaves, grass clippings, and pet wastes. All of these wastes cause storrnwater and receiving
water quality problems as well as clog the storm drain system itself.
Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the
following:
- illegal dumping hot spots
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SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges
- Types and quantities (in some cases) of wastes
- Patterns in time of occurrence (time of day/night, month, or year)
- Mode of dumping (abandoned containers, "midnight dumping" from moving vehicles,
direct dumping of materials, accidents/spills)
- Responsible parties
One of the keys to success of reducing or eliminating illegal dumping is increasing the number of
people at the facility who are aware of the problem and who have the tools to at least identify the
incident, if not correct it. Therefore, train field staff to recognize and report the incidents.
What constitutes a "non-stormwater" discharge?
Non-stormwater discharges to the stormwater collection system may include any water used
directly in the manufacturing process (process wastewater), air conditioning condensate and
coolant, non-contact cooling water, cooling equipment condensate, outdoor secondary
containment water, vehicle and equipment wash water, sink and drinking fountain
wastewater, sanitary wastes, or other wastewaters.
Permit Requirements
Facilities subject to stormwater permit requirements must include a certification that the
stormwater collection system has been tested or evaluated for the presence of non-
stormwater discharges. The State's General Industrial Stormwater Permit requires that non-
stormwater discharges be eliminated prior to implementation of the facility's SWPPP.
Performance Evaluation
Review annually internal investigation results; assess whether goals were met and what
changes or improvements are necessary.
Obtain feedback from personnel assigned to respond to, or inspect for, illicit connections
and illegal dumping incidents.
References and Resources
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org
The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
6 of 6 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
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Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup SC-11
Photo Credit: Geoff Brosseou
Description
Many activities that occur at an industrial or commercial site
have the potential to cause accidental or illegal spills.
Preparation for accidental or illegal spills, with proper training
and reporting systems implemented, can minimize the discharge
of pollutants to the environment.
Spills and leaks are one of the largest contributors of stormwater
pollutants. Spill prevention and control plans are applicable to
any site at which hazardous materials are stored or used. An
effective plan should have spill prevention and response
procedures that identify potential spill areas, specify material
handling procedures, describe spill response procedures, and
provide spill clean-up equipment. The plan should take steps to
identify and characterize potential spills, eliminate and reduce
spill potential, respond to spills when they occur in an effort to
prevent pollutants from entering the stormwater drainage
system, and train personnel to prevent and control future spills.
Approach
Pollution Prevention
Develop procedures to prevent/mitigate spills to storm drain
systems. Develop and standardize reporting procedures,
containment, storage, and disposal activities, documentation,
and follow-up procedures.
Develop a Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure
(SPCC) Plan. The plan should include:
Objectives
Cover
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize
Product Substitution
Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals
Bacteria
Oil and Grease EZ
Organics
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 9
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SC-11 Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup
- Description of the facility, owner and address, activities and chemicals present
- Facility map
- Notification and evacuation procedures
- Cleanup instructions
- Identification of responsible departments
- Identify key Spill response personnel
Recycle, reclaim, or reuse materials whenever possible. This will reduce the amount of
process materials that are brought into the facility.
Suggested Protocols (including equipment needs)
Spill Prevention
Develop procedures to prevent/mitigate spills to storm drain systems. Develop and
standardize reporting procedures, containment, storage, and disposal activities,
documentation, and follow-up procedures.
If consistent illegal dumping is observed at the facility:
- Post "No Dumping" signs with a phone number for reporting illegal dumping and
disposal. Signs should also indicate fines and penalties applicable for illegal dumping.
- Landscaping and beautification efforts may also discourage illegal dumping.
- Bright lighting and/or entrance barriers may also be needed to discourage illegal dumping.
Store and contain liquid materials in such a manner that if the tank is ruptured, the contents
will not discharge, flow, or be washed into the storm drainage system, surface waters, or
groundwater.
If the liquid is oil, gas, or other material that separates from and floats on water, install a
spill control device (such as a tee section) in the catch basins that collects runoff from the
storage tank area.
Routine maintenance:
- Place drip pans or absorbent materials beneath all mounted taps, and at all potential
drip and spill locations during filling and unloading of tanks. Any collected liquids or
soiled absorbent materials must be reused/recycled or properly disposed.
- Store and maintain appropriate spill cleanup materials in a location known to all near
the tank storage area; and ensure that employees are familiar with the site's spill control
plan and/or proper spill cleanupprocedures.
- Sweep and clean the storage area monthly if it is paved, do not hose down the area to a storm drain.
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ill Prevention, Control & Cleanup SC-11
- Check tanks (and any containment sumps) daily for leaks and spills. Replace tanks that are leaking, corroded, or otherwise deteriorating with tanks in good condition. Collect all spilled liquids and properly dispose of them.
Label all containers according to their contents (e.g., solvent, gasoline).
Label hazardous substances regarding the potential hazard (corrosive, radioactive, flammable, explosive, poisonous).
Prominently display required labels on transported hazardous and toxic materials (per US
DOT regulations).
Identify key spill response personnel.
Spill Control and Cleanup Activities
Follow the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan.
• Clean up leaks and spills immediately.
Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible (e.g., near
storage and maintenance areas).
On paved surfaces, clean up spills with as little water as possible. Use a rag for small spills, a
damp mop for general cleanup, and absorbent material for larger spills. If the spilled material is hazardous, then the used cleanup materials are also hazardous and must be sent to a certified laundry (rags) or disposed of as hazardous waste. Physical methods for the cleanup of dry chemicals include the use of brooms, shovels, sweepers, or plows.
Never hose down or bury dry material spills. Sweep up the material and dispose of properly.
Chemical cleanups of material can be achieved with the use of adsorbents, gels, and foams. Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down the spill. Remove the
adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly.
For larger spills, a private spill cleanup company or Hazmat team may be necessary.
Reporting
Report spills that pose an immediate threat to human health or the environment to the
Regional Water Quality Control Board.
Federal regulations require that any oil spill into a water body or onto an adjoining shoreline
be reported to the National Response Center (NRC) at 800-424-8802(24 hour).
Report spills to local agencies, such as the fire department; they can assist in cleanup.
Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the
following:
- Types and quantities (in some cases) of wastes
- Patterns in time of occurrence (time of day/night, month, or year)
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 9
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SC-11 Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup
Mode of dumping (abandoned containers, "midnight dumping" from moving vehicles,
direct dumping of materials, accidents/spills)
- Responsible parties
Training
. Educate employees about spill prevention and cleanup.
. Well-trained employees can reduce human errors that lead to accidental releases or spills:
- The employee should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill should one occur.
Employees should be familiar with the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure
Plan.
Employees should be educated about aboveground storage tank requirements. Employees responsible for aboveground storage tanks and liquid transfers should be thoroughly
familiar with the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan and the plan should be readily available.
. Train employees to recognize and report illegal dumping incidents.
Other Considerations (Limitations and Regulations)
A Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan (SPCC) is required for facilities that are
subject to the oil pollution regulations specified in Part 112 of Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations or if they have a storage capacity of 10,000 gallons or more of petroleum.
(Health and Safety Code 6.67)
State regulations also exist for storage of hazardous materials (Health & Safety Code Chapter 6.95), including the preparation of area and business plans for emergency response to the releases or threatened releases.
Consider requiring smaller secondary containment areas (less than 200 sq. ft.) to be
connected to the sanitary sewer, prohibiting any hard connections to the storm drain.
Requirements
Costs (including capital and operation & maintenance)
. Will vary depending on the size of the facility and the necessary controls.
Prevention of leaks and spills is inexpensive. Treatment and/or disposal of contaminated soil or water can be quite expensive.
Maintenance (including administrative and staffing)
This BMP has no major administrative or staffing requirements. However, extra time is
needed to properly handle and dispose of spills, which results in increased labor costs.
4 of 9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook S January 2003
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Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup SC-11
Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Reporting
Record keeping and internal reporting represent good operating practices because they can
increase the efficiency of the facility and the effectiveness of BMPs. A good record keeping system helps the facility minimize incident recurrence, correctly respond with appropriate
cleanup activities, and comply with legal requirements. A record keeping and reporting system
should be set up for documenting spills, leaks, and other discharges, including discharges of hazardous substances in reportable quantities. Incident records describe the quality and quantity of non-stormwater discharges to the storm sewer. These records should contain the following information:
Date and time of the incident
Weather conditions
Duration of the spill/leak/discharge
Cause of the spill/leak/discharge
Response procedures implemented
Persons notified
Environmental problems associated with the spill/leak/discharge
Separate record keeping systems should be established to document housekeeping and
preventive maintenance inspections, and training activities. All housekeeping and preventive maintenance inspections should be documented. Inspection documentation should contain the
following information:
The date and time the inspection was performed
Name of the inspector
Items inspected
Problems noted
Corrective action required
Date corrective action was taken
Other means to document and record inspection results are field notes, timed and dated photographs, videotapes, and drawings and maps.
Aboveground Tank Leak and Spill Control
Accidental releases of materials from aboveground liquid storage tanks present the potential for
contaminating stormwater with many different pollutants. Materials spilled, leaked, or lost from
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tanks may accumulate in soils or on impervious surfaces and be carried away by stormwater runoff.
The most common causes of unintentional releases are:
Installation problems
Failure of piping systems (pipes, pumps, flanges, couplings, hoses, and valves)
External corrosion and structural failure
Spills and overfills due to operator error
Leaks during pumping of liquids or gases from truck or rail car to a storage tank or vice versa
Storage of reactive, ignitable, or flammable liquids should comply with the Uniform Fire Code and the National Electric Code. Practices listed below should be employed to enhance the code requirements:
Tanks should be placed in a designated area.
Tanks located in areas where firearms are discharged should be encapsulated in concrete or the equivalent.
Designated areas should be impervious and paved with Portland cement concrete, free of cracks and gaps, in order to contain leaks and spills.
Liquid materials should be stored in UL approved double walled tanks or surrounded by a
curb or dike to provide the volume to contain 10 percent of the volume of all of the containers or 110 percent of the volume of the largest container, whichever is greater. The area inside the curb should slope to a drain.
For used oil or dangerous waste, a dead-end sump should be installed in the drain.
All other liquids should be drained to the sanitary sewer if available. The drain must have a positive control such as a lock, valve, or plug to prevent release of contaminated liquids.
Accumulated stormwater in petroleum storage areas should be passed through an oil/water separator.
Maintenance is critical to preventing leaks and spills. Conduct routine inspections andi
Check for external corrosion and structural failure.
Check for spills and overfills due to operator error.
Check for failure of piping system (pipes, pumps, flanger, coupling, hoses, and valves).
Check for leaks or spills during pumping of liquids or gases from truck or rail car to a storage facility or vice versa.
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Visually inspect new tank or container installation for loose fittings, poor welding, and improper or poorly fitted gaskets.
Inspect tank foundations, connections, coatings, and tank walls and piping system. Look for corrosion, leaks, cracks, scratches, and other physical damage that may weaken the tank or container system.
Frequently relocate accumulated stormwater during the wet season.
Periodically conduct integrity testing by a qualified professional.
Vehicle Leak and Spill Control
Major spills on roadways and other public areas are generally handled by highly trained Hazmat teams from local fire departments or environmental health departments. The measures listed below pertain to leaks and smaller spills at vehicle maintenance shops.
In addition to implementing the spill prevention, control, and clean up practices above, use the
following measures related to specific activities:
Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance
Perform all vehicle fluid removal or changing inside or under cover to prevent the run-on of stormwater and the runoff of spills.
Regularly inspect vehicles and equipment for leaks, and repair immediately.
Check incoming vehicles and equipment (including delivery trucks, and employee and subcontractor vehicles) for leaking oil and fluids. Do not allow leaking vehicles or equipment
onsite.
Always use secondary containment, such as a drain pan or drop cloth, to catch spills or leaks when removing or changing fluids.
Immediately drain all fluids from wrecked vehicles.
Store wrecked vehicles or damaged equipment under cover.
Place drip pans or absorbent materials under heavy equipment when not in use.
Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down the spill.
Remove the adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly.
Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper waste or recycling drums. Don't leave full drip
pans or other open containers lying around.
Oil filters disposed of in trashcans or dumpsters can leak oil and contaminate stormwater.
Place the oil filter in a funnel over a waste oil recycling drum to drain excess oil before
disposal. Oil filters can also be recycled. Ask your oil supplier or recycler about recycling oil filters.
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Store cracked batteries in a non-leaking secondary container. Do this with all cracked batteries, even if you think all the acid has drained out. If you drop a battery, treat it as if it is cracked. Put it into the containment area until you are sure it is not leaking.
Vehicle and Equipment Fueling
Design the fueling area to prevent the run-on of stormwater and the runoff of spills:
- Cover fueling area if possible.
- Use a perimeter drain or slope pavement inward with drainage to a sump.
- Pave fueling area with concrete rather than asphalt.
If dead-end sump is not used to collect spills, install an oil/water separator.
Install vapor recovery nozzles to help control drips as well as air pollution.
Discourage "topping-off of fuel tanks.
Use secondary containment when transferring fuel from the tank truck to the fuel tank.
Use adsorbent materials on small spills and general cleaning rather than hosing down the
area. Remove the adsorbent materials promptly.
Carry out all Federal and State requirements regarding underground storage tanks, or install above ground tanks.
Do not use mobile fueling of mobile industrial equipment around the facility; rather,
transport the equipment to designated fueling areas.
Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date.
Train employees in proper fueling and cleanup procedures.
Industrial Spill Prevention Response
For the purposes of developing a spill prevention and response program to meet the stormwater regulations, facility managers should use information provided in this fact sheet and the spill
prevention/response portions of the fact sheets in this handbook, for specific activities. The program should:
Integrate with existing emergency response/hazardous materials programs (e.g., Fire
Department)
Develop procedures to prevent/mitigate spills to storm drain systems
Identify responsible departments
Develop and standardize reporting procedures, containment, storage, and disposal activities, documentation, and follow-up procedures
Address spills at municipal facilities, as well as public areas
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Provide training concerning spill prevention, response and cleanup to all appropriate
personnel
References and Resources I
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual : http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf ....
.• .......
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual hth://dnr.metrokc.ov/wlr/dss/spern.htm
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org
The Stormwater Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook - 9 of 9
Errata 4-06r Industrial and Commercial
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Targeted Constituents
Sediment if
Nutrients if
Trash
Metals if
Bacteria
Oil and Grease I
Organics 'I
Outdoor Loading/ Unloading SC-30
Description
The loading/unloading of materials usually takes place outside
on docks or terminals; therefore, materials spilled, leaked, or lost
during loading/unloading may collect in the soil or on other
surfaces and have the potential to be carried away by stormwater
runoff or when the area is cleaned. Additionally, rainfall may
wash pollutants from machinery used to unload or move
materials. Implementation of the following protocols will
prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from
outdoor loading/unloading of materials.
Approach
Reduce potential for pollutant discharge through source control
pollution prevention and BMP implementation. Successful
implementation depends on effective training of employees on
applicable BMPs and general pollution prevention strategies and
objectives.
Pollution Prevention
Keep accurate maintenance logs to evaluate materials
removed and improvements made.
Park tank trucks or delivery vehicles in designated areas so
that spills or leaks can be contained.
Limit exposure of material to rainfall whenever possible.
Prevent stormwater run-on.
Check equipment regularly for leaks.
Objectives
Cover
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize
Product Substitution
CASQA
California
Stormwater
Ouality
Association
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SC-30 Outdoor Loading/ Unloading
Suggested Protocols
Loading and Unloading - General Guidelines
Develop an operations plan that describes procedures for loading and/or unloading.
Conduct loading and unloading in dry weather if possible.
Cover designated loading/unloading areas to reduce exposure of materials to rain.
Consider placing a seal or door skirt between delivery vehicles and building to prevent
exposure to rain.
Design loading/unloading area to prevent stormwater run-on, which would include grading
or berrning the area, and position roof downspouts so they direct stormwater away from the
loading/unloading areas.
Have employees load and unload all materials and equipment in covered areas such as
building overhangs at loading docks if feasible.
Load/unload only at designated loading areas.
Use drip pans underneath hose and pipe connections and other leak-prone spots during
liquid transfer operations, and when making and breaking connections. Several drip pans
should be stored in a covered location near the liquid transfer area so that they are always
available, yet protected from precipitation when not in use. Drip pans can be made
specifically for railroad tracks. Drip pans must be cleaned periodically, and drip collected
materials must be disposed of properly.
Pave loading areas with concrete instead of asphalt.
Avoid placing storm drains in the area.
Grade and/or berm the loading/unloading area to a drain that is connected to a deadend.
Inspection
Check loading and unloading equipment regularly for leaks, including valves, pumps, flanges
and connections.
Look for dust or-fumes during loading or unloading operations.
Training
Train employees (e.g., fork lift operators) and contractors on proper spill containment and
cleanup.
Have employees trained in spill containment and cleanup present during loading/unloading.
Train employees in proper handling techniques during liquid transfers to avoid spills..
Make sure forklift operators are properly trained on loading and unloading procedures.
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Spill Response and Prevention
Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date.
• Contain leaks during transfer.
Store and maintain appropriate spill cleanup materials in a location that is readily accessible
and known to all and ensure that employees are familiar with the site's spill control plan and
proper spill cleanup procedures.
Have an emergency spill cleanup plan readily available.
Use drip pans or comparable devices when transferring oils, solvents, and paints.
Other Considerations (Limitations and Regulations)
Space and time limitations may preclude all transfers from being performed indoors or
under cover.
It may not be possible to conduct transfers only during dry weather.
Requirements
Costs
Costs should be low except when covering a large loading/unloading area.
Maintenance
Conduct regular inspections and make repairs as necessary. The frequency of repairs will
depend on the age of the facility.
Check loading and unloading equipment regularly for leaks.
Conduct regular broom dry-sweeping of area.
Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Special Circumstances for Indoor Loading/Unloading of Materials
Loading or unloading of liquids should occur in the manufacturing building so that any spills
that are not completely retained can be discharged to the sanitary sewer, treatment plant, or
treated in a manner consistent with local sewer authorities and permit requirements.
For loading and unloading tank trucks to above and below ground storage tanks, the
following procedures should be used:
- The area where the transfer takes place should be paved. If the liquid is reactive with the
asphalt, Portland cement should be used to pave the area.
- The transfer area should be designed to prevent run-on of stormwater from adjacent
areas. Sloping the pad and using a curb, like a speed bump, around the uphill side of the
transfer area should reduce run-on.
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- The transfer area should be designed to prevent runoff of spilled liquids from the area.
Sloping the area to a drain should prevent runoff. The drain should be connected to a
dead-end sump or to the sanitary sewer. A positive control valve should be installed on
the drain.
For transfer from rail cars to storage tanks that must occur outside, use the following
procedures:
- Drip pans should be placed at locations where spillage may occur, such as hose
connections, hose reels, and filler nozzles. Use drip pans when making and breaking
connections.
- Drip pan systems should be installed between the rails to collect spillage from tank cars.
References and Resources
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org
The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
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Outdoor Liquid Container Storage SC-31
Description
Accidental releases of materials from above ground liquid storage
tanks, drums, and dumpsters present the potential for
contaminating stormwaters with many different pollutants.
Tanks may store many potential stormwater runoff pollutants,
such as gasoline, aviation gas, diesel fuel, kerosene, oils, greases,
lubricants and other distilled, blended and refined products
derived from crude petroleum. Materials spilled, leaked, or lost
from storage tanks may accumulate in soils or on other surfaces
and be carried away by rainfall runoff. These source controls
apply to containers located outside of a building used to
temporarily store liquid materials and include installing
safeguards against accidental releases, installing secondary
containment, conducting regular inspections, and training
employees in standard operating procedures and spill cleanup
techniques.
Approach
Pollution Prevention
Educate employees about pollution prevention measures and
goals.
Keep an accurate, up-to-date inventory of the materials
delivered and stored on-site.
Try to keep chemicals in their original containers, and keep
them well labeled.
Suggested Protocols
General
Develop an operations plan that describes procedures for
loading and/or unloading. Refer to SC-30 - Outdoor
Objectives
a Cover
a Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize
Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients IVA
Trash
Metals V1
Bacteria
Oil and Grease
Organics
CASQA
California
Stormwater
Quality
Association
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SC-31 Outdoor Liquid Container Storage
Loading/Unloading of Materials for more detailed BMP information pertaining to loading
and unloading of liquids.
Protect materials from rainfall, run-on, runoff, and wind dispersal:
- Cover the storage area with a roof.
- Minimize stormwater run-on by enclosing the area or building a berm around it.
- Use a "doghouse" structure for storage of liquid containers.
- Use covered dumpsters for waste product containers.
Employ safeguards against accidental releases:
- Provide overflow protection devices to warn operator or automatic shut down transfer
pumps.
- Provide protection guards (bollards) around tanks and piping to prevent damage from a
vehicle or forklift.
- Provide clear tagging or labeling, and restrict access to valves to reduce human error.
Berm or surround tank or container with secondary containment system, including dikes,
liners, vaults, or double walled tanks.
Be aware and ready to address the fact that some municipalities require secondary
containment areas to be connected to the sanitary sewer, prohibiting any hard connections
to the storm drain.
Contact the appropriate regulatory agency regarding environmental compliance for facilities
with "spill ponds" designed to intercept, treat, and/or divert spills.
Have registered and specifically trained professional engineers identify and correct potential
problems such as loose fittings, poor welding, and improper or poorly fitted gaskets for
newly installed tank systems.
Storage Areas
Provide storage tank piping located below product level with a shut-off valve at the tank;
ideally this valve should be an automatic shear valve with the shut-off located inside the
tank
Provide barriers such as posts or guardrails, where tanks are exposed, to prevent collision
damage with vehicles.
Provide secure storage to prevent vandalism-caused contamination.
Place tight-fitting lids on all containers.
Enclose or cover the containers where they are stored.
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Raise the containers off the ground by use of pallet or similar method, with provisions for
spill control.
Contain the material in such a manner that if the container leaks or spills, the contents will
not discharge, flow, or be washed into the storm drainage system, surface waters or
groundwater.
Place drip pans or absorbent materials beneath all mounted container taps, and at all
potential drip and spill locations during filling and unloading of containers. Any collected
liquids or soiled absorbent materials must be reused/recycled or properly disposed.
Ensure that any underground or aboveground storage tanks are designed and managed in
accordance with applicable regulations, identified as a potential pollution source, and have
secondary containment such as a berm or dike with an impervious surface.
Inspection
Provide regular inspections:
- Inspect storage areas regularly for leaks or spills.
- Conduct routine inspections and check for external corrosion of material containers.
Also check for structural failure, spills and overfills due to operator error, failure of
piping system.
- Check for leaks or spills during pumping of liquids or gases from truck or rail car to a
storage facility or vice versa.
- Visually inspect new tank or container installations for loose fittings, poor welding, and
improper or poorly fitted gaskets.
- Inspect tank foundations, connections, coatings, and tank walls and piping system. Look
for corrosion, leaks, cracks, scratches, and other physical damage that may weaken the
tank or container system.
- Replace containers that are leaking, corroded, or otherwise deteriorating with ones in
good condition. If the liquid chemicals are corrosive, containers made of compatible
materials must be used instead of metal drums.
- New or secondary containers must be labeled with the product name and hazards.
Training
Train employee (e.g., fork lift operators) and contractors in proper spill containment and
cleanup. The employee should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning
up a spill if one should occur.
Train employees in proper storage measures.
Use a training log or similar method to document training.
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Spill Response and Prevention
Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date.
Have an emergency plan, equipment, and trained personnel ready at all times to deal
immediately with major spills.
Collect all spilled liquids and properly dispose of them.
Have employees trained in emergency spill cleanup procedures present when dangerous
waste, liquid chemicals, or other wastes are delivered.
Prevent operator errors by using engineering safeguards and thus reducing accidental
releases of pollutants.
Store and maintain appropriate spill cleanup materials in a location near the tank storage
area and known to all.
Other Considerations
Storage sheds often must meet building and fire code requirements.
The local fire district must be consulted for limitations on clearance of roof covers over
containers used to store flammable materials.
All specific standards set by Federal and State laws concerning the storage of oil and
hazardous materials must be met.
Storage of reactive, ignitable, or flammable liquids should comply with the Uniform Fire
Code and the National Electric Code.
Storage of oil and hazardous materials must meet specific Federal and State standards
including:
- Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan (SPCC) Plan
- Secondary containment
- Integrity and leak detection monitoring
- Emergency preparedness plans
Requirements
Costs
Costs will vary depending on the size of the facility and the necessary controls, such as berms or
safeguards against accidental controls.
Maintenance
Conduct weekly inspection.
Sweep and clean the storage area regularly if it is paved, do not hose down the area to a
storm drain.
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Supplemental Information
The most common causes of unintentional releases are:
Installation problems
Failure of piping systems (pipes, pumps, flanges, couplings, hoses, and valves)
External corrosion and structural failure
Spills and overfills due to operator error
Leaks during pumping of liquids or gases from truck or rail car to a storage tank or vice versa
Further Detail of the BMP
Aboveground Tank Leak and Spill Control
Storage of reactive, ignitable, or flammable liquids should comply with the Uniform Fire Code
and the National Electric Code. Practices listed below should be employed to enhance the code
requirements:
Tanks should be placed in a designated area.
Tanks located in areas where firearms are discharged should be encapsulated in concrete or
the equivalent.
Designated areas should be paved with Portland cement concrete, free of cracks and gaps,
and impervious in order to contain leaks and spills,
Liquid materials should be stored in UL approved double walled tanks or surrounded by a
curb or dike to provide the volume to contain io% of the volume of all of the containers or
iio% of the volume of the largest container, whichever is greater. The area inside the curb
should slope to a drain.
For used oil or dangerous waste, a dead-end sump should be installed in the drain.
All other liquids should be drained to the sanitary sewer if available. The drain must have a
positive control such as a lock, valve, or plug to prevent release of contaminated liquids.
Accumulated stormwater in petroleum storage areas should be passed through an oil/water
separator
Maintenance is critical to preventing leaks and spills. Conduct routine weekly inspections and:
Check for external corrosion and structural failure.
Check for spills and overfills due to operator error.
Check for failure of piping system (pipes, pumps, flanger, coupling, hoses, and valves).
Check for leaks or spills during pumping of liquids or gases from truck or rail car to a storage
facility or vice versa
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Inspect new tank or container installation visually for loose fittings, poor welding, and
improper or poorly fitted gaskets.
Inspect tank foundations, connections, coatings, and tank walls and piping system. Look for
corrosion, leaks, cracks, scratches, and other physical damage that may weaken the tank or
container system.
Frequently release accumulated stormwater during the wet season.
Have periodic integrity testing conducted by a qualified professional.
Container Management
To limit the possibility of stormwater pollution, containers used to store dangerous waste or
other liquids should be kept inside the building unless this is impractical due to site
constraints. If the containers are placed outside, the following procedures should be
employed:
- Dumpsters used to store items awaiting transfer to a landfill should be placed in a lean-
to structure or otherwise covered. Dumpsters shall be kept in good condition without
corrosion or leaky seams.
- Garbage dumpsters shall be replaced if they are deteriorating to the point where leakage
is occurring. Dumpsters should be kept undercover to prevent the entry of stormwater.
Employees should be made aware of the importance of keeping the dumpsters covered
and free from leaks.
- Waste container drums should be kept in an area such as a service bay. If drums are kept
outside, they must be stored in a lean-to type structure, shed or walk-in container to
keep rainfall from reaching the drums.
Dikes
One of the best protective measures against contamination of stormwater is diking.
Containment dikes are berms or retaining walls that are designed to hold spills. Diking is an
effective pollution prevention measure for above ground storage tanks and railcar or tank truck
loading and unloading areas. The dike surrounds the area of concern and holds the spill,
keeping spill materials separated from the stormwater side of the dike area. Diking can be used
in any industrial or municipal facility, but it is most commonly used for controlling large spills
or releases from liquid storage areas and liquid transfer areas.
For single-wall tanks, containment dikes should be large enough to hold the contents of the
storage tank for the facility plus rain water.
For trucks, diked areas should be capable of holding an amount equal to the volume of the
tank truck compartment. Diked construction material should be strong enough to safely
hold spilled materials.
Dike materials can consist of earth, concrete, synthetic materials, metal, or other impervious
materials.
Strong acids or bases may react with metal containers, concrete, and some plastics.
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Where strong acids or bases or stored, alternative dike materials should be considered. More
active organic chemicals may need certain special liners for dikes.
Dikes may also be designed with impermeable materials to increase containment
capabilities.
Dikes should be inspected during or after significant storms or spills to check for washouts
or overflows.
Regular checks of containment dikes to insure the dikes are capable of holding spills should
be conducted.
Inability of a structure to retain stormwater, dike erosion, soggy areas, or changes in
vegetation indicate problems with dike structures. Damaged areas should be patched and
stabilized immediately.
Earthen dikes may require special maintenance of vegetation such as mulching and
irrigation.
Curbing
Curbing is a barrier that surrounds an area of concern. Curbing is similar to containment diking
in the way that it prevents spills and leaks from being released into the environment. Curbing is
usually small scaled and does not contain large spills like diking. Curbing is common at many
facilities in small areas where handling and transfer of liquid materials occur. Curbing can
redirect contaminated stormwater away from the storage area. It is useful in areas where liquid materials are transferred from one container to another. Asphalt is a common material used for
curbing; however, curbing materials can include earth, concrete, synthetic materials, metal, or
other impenetrable materials.
Spilled materials should be removed immediately from curbed areas to allow space for
future spills.
Curbs should have manually-controlled pump systems rather than common drainage
systems for collection of spilled materials.
The curbed area should be inspected regularly to clear clogging debris.
Maintenance should also be conducted frequently to prevent overflow of any spilled
materials as curbed areas are designed only for smaller spills.
Curbing has the following advantages:
- Excellent run-on control
- Inexpensive
- Ease of installment
- Provides option to recycle materials spilled in curb areas
- Common industry practice
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Examples
The "doghouse" design has been used to store small liquid containers. The roof and flooring
design prevent contact with direct rain or runoff. The doghouse has two solid structural walls
and two canvas covered walls. The flooring is wire mesh about secondary containment. The
unit has been used successfully at Lockheed Missile and Space Company in Sunnyvale.
References and Resources
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http:/Iw'.swrcb.ca.ov/nps/index.html
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program httD://www.scvurpnn.ora
The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
8 of 8 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
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Outdoor Equipment Operations SC-32
Description Objectives
Outside process equipment operations and maintenance can Cover
contaminate stormwater runoff. Activities, such as grinding, Contain painting, coating, sanding, degreasing or parts cleaning, landfills Educate and waste piles, solid waste treatment and disposal, are examples RUCIMIIi mize of process operations that can lead to contamination of
stormwater runoff. Source controls for outdoor process equip-
ment operations and maintenance include reducing the amount of waste created, enclosing or covering all or some of the
equipment, installing secondary containment, and training employees.
Approach
Pollution Prevention
Perform the activity during dry periods.
Use non-toxic chemicals for maintenance and minimize or Targeted Constituents eliminate the use of solvents.
Sediment I Suggested Protocols Nutrients Consider enclosing the activity in a building and connecting Trash the floor drains to the sanitary sewer. Metals I
Cover the work area with.a permanent roof if possible. Bacteria
Oil and Grease q,q
Minimize contact of stormwater with outside process Organics / equipment operations through berniiñg and drainage routing (run-on prevention). If possible, connect process equipment area to public sewer or facility wastewater treatment system.
Some municipalities require that secondary containment
areas be connected to the sanitary sewer, prohibiting any
hard connections to the storm drain.
Dry clean the work area regularly.
Training
Train employees to perform the activity during dry periods
only or substituting benign materials for more toxic ones.
Train employee and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup. Employees should have the tools
and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill should one occur.
Spill Response and Prevention 'C * S 0 A. Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure
(SPCC) Plan up-to-date. Sto nnwater
auality
Auodadan
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SC-32 Outdoor Equipment Operations
Have employees trained in emergency spill cleanup procedures present when dangerous
waste, liquid chemicals, or other wastes are delivered.
Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible.
Prevent operator errors by using engineering safe guards and thus reducing accidental
releases of pollutant.
Inspect storage areas regularly for leaks or spills. Also check for structural failure, spills and
overfills due to operator error, and/or failure of piping system.
Other Considerations
Providing cover may be expensive.
Space limitations may preclude enclosing some equipment.
Storage sheds often must meet building and fire code requirements.
Requirements
Costs
Costs vary depending on the complexity of the operation and the amount of control necessary
for stormwater pollution control.
Maintenance
Conduct routine preventive maintenance, including checking process equipment for leaks.
• Clean the storm drain system regularly.
Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Hydraulic/Treatment Modifications
If stormwater becomes polluted, it should be captured and treated. If you do not have your own
process wastewater treatment system, consider discharging to the public sewer system. Use of
the public sewer might be allowed under the following conditions:
If the activity area is very small. (less than a few hundred square feet), the local sewer
authority may be willing to allow the area to remain uncovered with the drain connected to
the public sewer.
It may be possible under unusual circumstances to connect a much larger area to the public
sewer, as long as the rate of stormwater discharges does not exceed the capacity of the
wastewater treatment plant. The stormwater could be stored during the storm and then
transferred to the public sewer when the normal flow is low, such as at night.
Industries that generate large volumes of process wastewater typically have their own treatment
system and corresponding permit. These industries have the discretion to use their wastewater
treatment system to treat stormwater within the constraints of their permit requirements for
process treatment. It may also be possible for the industry to discharge the stormwater directly
to an effluent outfall without treatment as long as the total loading of the discharged process
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Outdoor Equipment Operations SC-32
water and storinwater does not exceed the loading had a stormwater treatment device been
used. This could be achieved by reducing the loading from the process wastewater treatment
system. Check with your Regional Water Quality Control Board or local sewering agency, as this
option would be subject to permit constraints and potentially regular monitoring.
References and Resources
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.httnl
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.dark.wa.us/pubworks/bmDman.Ddf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.aov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org
The Storinwater Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 3
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Outdoor Storage of Raw Materials SC-33
Description
Raw materials, by-products, finished products, containers, and
material storage areas exposed to rain and/or runoff can pollute
stormwater. Stormwater can become contaminated when
materials wash off or dissolve into water or are added to runoff
by spills and leaks. Improper storage of these materials can
result in accidental spills and the release of materials. To prevent
or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from
material delivery and storage, pollution prevention and source
control measures must be implemented, such as minimizing the
storage of hazardous materials on-site, enclosing or covering
materials, storing materials in a designated area, installing
secondary containment, conducting regular inspections,
preventing stormwater run-on and runoff, and training
employees and subcontractors.
Approach
Reduce potential for pollutant discharge through source control
pollution prevention and BMP implementation. Successful
implementation depends on effective training of employees on
applicable BMPs and general pollution prevention strategies and
objectives.
Pollution Prevention
Emphasize employee education for successful BMP
implementation.
Minimize inventory of raw materials.
Keep an accurate, up-to-date inventory of the materials
delivered and stored on-site.
Objectives
Cover
Contain
Educate
. Reduce/Minimize
Targeted Constituents
Sediment If
Nutnents I
Trash
Metals I
Bacteria
Oil and Grease
Organics
X
ifornia
Stormwater
Quality
Association
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook - - - 1 of 4
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SC-33 Outdoor Storage of Raw Materials
Try to keep chemicals in their original containers and keep them well labeled.
Suggested Protocols
General
Store all materials inside. If this is not feasible, then all outside storage areas should be
covered with a roof and bermed or enclosed to prevent stormwater contact. At the very
minimum, a temporary waterproof covering made of polyethylene, polypropylene or hypalon
should be used over all materials stored outside.
Cover and contain the stockpiles of raw materials to prevent stormwater from running into
the covered piles. The covers must be in place at all times when work with the stockpiles is
not occurring. (Applicable to small stockpiles only).
Implement erosion control practices at the perimeter of your site and at any catch basins to
prevent erosion of the stockpiled material off-site, if the stockpiles are so large that they
cannot feasibly be covered and contained.
Keep liquids in a designated area on a paved impervious surface within a secondary
containment.
Keep outdoor storage containers in good condition.
Minimize stormwater run-on by enclosing the area or building a berm around it.
Keep storage areas clean and dry.
Slope paved areas should be sloped in a manner that minimize pooling of water on the site,
particularly with materials that may leach pollutants into stormwater and/or groundwater,
such as compost, logs, and wood chips. A minimum slope of 1.5% is recommended.
Secure drums stored in an area where unauthorized persons may gain access to prevent
accidental spillage, pilferage, or any unauthorized use.
Cover wood products treated with chromated copper arsenate, ammonical copper zinc
arsenate, creosote, or pentachlorophenol with tarps or store indoors.
Raw Material Containment
Curbing should be placed along the perimeter of the area to prevent the run-on of
uncontaminated stormwater from adjacent areas as well as runoff of stormwater from the
stockpile areas.
Tanks should be bermed or surrounded by a secondary containment system.
The area inside the curb should slope to a drain. Liquids should be drained to the sanitary
sewer if available. The drain must have a positive control such as a lock, valve, or plug to
prevent release of contaminated liquids.
Accumulated stormwater in petroleum storage areas should be passed through an oil/water
separator.
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Outdoor Storage of Raw Materials SC-33
Inspection
Conduct regular inspections of storage areas so that leaks and spills are detected as soon as
possible.
Check berms, curbing, containment for repair and patching.
Training
Train employees well in proper material storage.
Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup.
Spill Response and Prevention
Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date.
Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials, such as brooms, dustpans, and vacuum sweepers
(if desired) near the storage area where it will be readily accessible.
Have employees trained in spill containment and cleanup present during the
loading/unloading of dangerous wastes, liquid chemicals, or other materials.
Other Considerations
Storage sheds often must meet building and fire code requirements. Storage of reactive,
ignitable, or flammable liquids must comply with the Uniform Fire Code and the National
Electric Code.
Space limitations may preclude storing some materials indoors.
Some municipalities require that secondary containment areas (regardless of size) be
connected to the sanitary sewer, prohibiting any hard connections to the storm drain.
Storage sheds often must meet building and fire code requirements.
The local fire district must be consulted for limitations on clearance of roof covers over
containers used to store flammable materials.
Requirements
Costs
Costs will vary depending on the size of the facility and the necessary controls. They should be
low except where large areas may have to be covered.
Maintenance
Accurate and up-to-date inventories should be kept of all stored materials.
• Berms and curbs may require periodic repair and patching.
Parking lots or other surfaces near bulk materials storage areas should be swept periodically
to remove debris blown or washed from storage areas.
Sweep paved storage areas regularly for collection and disposal of loose solid materials, do
not hose down the area to a storm drain or conveyance ditch.
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SC-33 Outdoor Storage of Raw Materials
Keep outdoor storage areas in good condition (e.g., repair roofs, floors, etc., to limit releases
to runoff).
Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Raw Material Containment
Paved areas should be sloped in a manner that minimizes pooling of water on the site,
particularly with materials that may leach pollutants into stormwater and/or groundwater, such
as compost, logs, and wood chips. A minimum slope of 1.5% is recommended.
Curbing should be placed along the perimeter of the area to prevent the run-on of
uncontaminated stormwater from adjacent areas as well as runoff of stormwater from
stockpile areas.
The storm drainage system should be designed to minimize use of catch basins in the
interior of the area as they tend to rapidly fill with manufacturing material.
The area should be sloped to drain stormwater to the perimeter where it can be collected or
to internal drainage alleyways where material is not stockpiled.
If the raw material, by-product, or product is a liquid, more information for outside storage
of liquids can be found under SC31, Outdoor Liquid Container Storage.
Supplemental Information
Examples
The "doghouse" design has been used to store small liquid containers. The roof and flooring
design prevent contact with direct rain or runoff. The doghouse has two solid structural walls
and two canvas covered walls. The flooring is wire mesh about secondary containment. The
unit has been used successively at Lockheed Missile and Space Company in Sunnyvale.
References and Resources
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gpv/nps/index.html
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/brnpman.pdf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.ht
m
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurnpe.org
The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net!
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Targeted Constituents
Sediment
Nutrients
Trash
Metals /
Bacteria /
Oil and Grease /
Organics /
Waste Handling & Disposal SC-34
Description
Improper storage and handling of solid wastes can allow toxic
compounds, oils and greases, heavy metals, nutrients, suspended
solids, and other pollutants to enter stormwater runoff. The
discharge of pollutants to stormwater from waste handling and
disposal can be prevented and reduced by tracking waste
generation, storage, and disposal; reducing waste generation and
disposal through source reduction, reuse, and recycling; and
preventing run-on and runoff.
Approach
Pollution Prevention
Accomplish reduction in the amount of waste generated
using the following source controls:
- Production planning and sequencing
- Process or equipment modification
- Raw material substitution or elimination
- Loss prevention and housekeeping
- Waste segregation and separation
- Close loop recycling
Establish a material tracking system to increase awareness
about material usage. This may reduce spills and minimize
contamination, thus reducing the amount of waste produced.
Recycle materials whenever possible.
Objectives
Cover
Contain
. Educate
. Reduce/Minimize
Product Substitution
CASCIA
Xfornia
tormwater
Quality
Association
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SC-34 Waste Handling & Disposal
Suggested Protocols
General
Cover storage containers with leak proof lids or some other means. If waste is not in
containers, cover all waste piles (plastic tarps are acceptable coverage) and prevent
stormwater run-on and runoff with a berm. The waste containers or piles must be covered
except when in use.
Use drip pans or absorbent materials whenever grease containers are emptied by vacuum
trucks or other means. Grease cannot be left on the ground. Collected grease must be
properly disposed of as garbage.
Check storage containers weekly for leaks and to ensure that lids are on tightly. Replace any
that are leaking, corroded, or otherwise deteriorating.
Sweep and clean the storage area regularly. If it is paved, do not hose down the area to a
storm drain.
Dispose of rinse and wash water from cleaning waste containers into a sanitary sewer if
allowed by the local sewer authority. Do not discharge wash water to the street or storm
drain.
Transfer waste from damaged containers into safe containers.
Take special care when loading or unloading wastes to minimize losses. Loading systems
can be used to minimize spills and fugitive emission losses such as dust or mist. Vacuum
transfer systems can minimize waste loss.
Controlling Litter
Post "No Littering" signs and enforce anti-litter laws.
Provide a sufficient number of litter receptacles for the facility.
Clean out and cover litter receptacles frequently to prevent spillage.
Waste Collection
Keep waste collection areas clean.
Inspect solid waste containers for structural damage regularly. Repair or replace damaged
containers as necessary.
Secure solid waste containers; containers must be closed tightly when not in use.
Do not fill waste containers with washout water or any other liquid.
Ensure that only appropriate solid wastes are added to the solid waste container. Certain
wastes such as hazardous wastes, appliances, fluorescent lamps, pesticides, etc., may not be
disposed of in solid waste containers (see chemical/ hazardous waste collection section
below).
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Waste Handling & Disposal SC-34
Do not mix wastes; this can cause chemical reactions, make recycling impossible, and
complicate disposal.
Good Housekeeping
Use all of the product before disposing of the container.
Keep the waste management area clean at all times by sweeping and cleaning up spills
immediately.
Use dry methods when possible (e.g., sweeping, use of absorbents) when cleaning around
restaurant/food handling dumpster areas. If water must be used after sweeping/using
absorbents, collect water and discharge through grease interceptor to the sewer.
Chemical/Hazardous Wastes
Select designated hazardous waste collection areas on-site.
Store hazardous materials and wastes in covered containers and protect them from
vandalism.
Place hazardous waste containers in secondary containment.
Make sure that hazardous waste is collected, removed, and disposed of only at authorized
disposal areas.
Stencil or demarcate storm drains on the facility's property with prohibitive message
regarding waste disposal.
Run-on/Runoff Prevention
Prevent stormwater run-on from entering the waste management area by enclosing the area
or building a berm around the area.
Prevent waste materials from directly contacting rain.
Cover waste piles with temporary covering material such as reinforced tarpaulin,
polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropyleneor hypalon.
Cover the area with a permanent roof if feasible.
Cover dumpsters to prevent rain from washing waste out of holes or cracks in the bottom of
the dumpster.
Move the activity indoor after ensuring all safety concerns such as fire hazard and
ventilation are addressed.
Inspection
Inspect and replace faulty pumps or hoses regularly to minimize the potential of releases and
Spills.
Check waste management areas for leaking containers or spills.
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SC-34 Waste Handling & Disposal
Repair leaking equipment including valves, lines, seals, or pumps promptly.
Training
Train staff in pollution prevention measures and properdisposal methods.
Train employees and contractors in proper spill containment and cleanup. The employee
should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill should one
occur.
Train employees and subcontractors in proper hazardous waste management.
Spill Response and Prevention
Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date.
Have an emergency plan, equipment and trained personnel ready at all times to deal
immediately with major spills
Collect all spilled liquids and properly dispose of them.
Store and maintain appropriate spill cleanup materials in a location known to all near the
designated wash area.
Ensure that vehicles transporting waste have spill prevention equipment that can prevent
spills during transport. Spill prevention equipment includes:
- Vehicles equipped with baffles for liquid waste
r - Trucks with sealed gates and spill guards for solid waste
Other Considerations (Limitations and Regulations)
Hazardous waste cannot be reused or recycled; it must be disposed of by a licensed hazardous
waste hauler.
Requirements
Costs
Capital and O&M costs for these programs will vary substantially depending on the size of the
facility and the types of waste handled. Costs should be low if there is an inventory program in
place.
Maintenance
. None except for maintaining equipment for material tracking program.
Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the I3MP
Land Treatment System
Minimize runoff of polluted stormwater from land application by:
Choosing a site where slopes are under 6%, the soil is permeable, there is a low water table,
it is located away from wetlands or marshes, and there is a closed drainage system
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Waste Handling & Disposal SC-34
Avoiding application of waste to the site when it is raining or when the ground is saturated
with water
Growing vegetation on land disposal areas to stabilize soils and reduce the volume of surface
water runoff from the site
Maintaining adequate barriers between the land application site and the receiving waters
(planted strips are particularly good)
Using erosion control techniques such as mulching and matting, filter fences, straw bales,
diversion terracing, and sediment basins
Performing routine maintenance to ensure the erosion control or site stabilization measures
are working
Exwnples
The port of Long Beach has a state-of-the-art database for identifying potential pollutant
sources, documenting facility management practices, and tracking pollutants.
References and Resources
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.htinl
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
Solid Waste Container-Best Management Practices - Fact Sheet On-Line Resources - Environmental Health and Safety. Harvard University. 2002.
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual htto://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm
Pollution from Surface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association (BASMAA). http://www.basinaa.org
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurPDo.org
The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
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Safer Alternative Products
Description
Promote the use of less harmful products and products that contain little or no TMDL pollutants. Alternatives exist for most
product classes including chemical fertilizers, pesticides,
S cleaning solutions, janitorial chemicals, automotive and paint
products, and consumables (batteries, fluorescent lamps).
SC-35
Objectives
Educate
. Reduc&Minimize
Product Substitution
Approach
Pattern a new program after the many established progiams around the state and country. Integrate this best management practice as much as possible with existing programs at your• facility.
Develop a comprehensive program based on:
The "Precautionary Principle," which is an alternative to the. .
. "Risk Assessment" model that says its acceptable to use a potentially harmful product until physical evidence of its Targeted constituents harmful effects are established and deemed too costly from• an environmental or public health perspective. For instance, Sediment
a risk assessment approach might say it's acceptable to use a Nutrients 1
pesticide until there is direct proof of an environmental •.. Trash
impact. The Precautionary Principle approach is used to Metals . evaluate whether a given product is safe, whether it is really Bacteria necessary, and whether alternative products would perform Oil and Grease I just as well. .
•. Organics I
Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program to minimize
the purchase of products containing hazardous ingredients
used in the facility's custodial services, fleet maintenance,
and facility maintenance in favor of using alternate products
that pose less risk to employees and to the environment.
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) or Less-Toxic Pesticide
Program, which uses a pest management approach that
minimizes the use of toxic chemicals and gets rid of pests by • methods that pose a lower risk to employees, the public, and the environment. ..
Energy Efficiency Program including no-cost and low-cost
energy conservation and efficiency actions that can reduce both energy consumption and electricity bills, along with long-term energy efficiency investments.
Consider the following mechanisms for developing and
implementing a comprehensive program:
Policies ::. S •:::
LCASQA.
IC
Stormwater
\ Quality
Association
January 2003 • •• • California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 5
• Industrial and Commercial
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SC-35 Safer Alternative Products
. Procedures
- Standard operating procedures (SOPs)
- Purchasing guidelines and procedures
- Bid packages (services and supplies)
. Materials
- Preferred or approved product and supplier lists
- Product and supplier evaluation criteria
- Training sessions and manuals
- Fact sheets for employees
Implement this BMP in conjunction with the Vehicle and Equipment Management fact sheets
(SC20 - SC22) and SC41, Building and Grounds Maintenance.
Training
Employees who handle potentially harmful materials in the use of safer alternatives.
Purchasing departments should be encouraged to procure less hazardous materials and
products that contain little or no harmful substances or TMDL pollutants.
Regulations
This BMP has no regulatory requirements. Existing regulations already encourage facilities to
reduce the use of hazardous materials through incentives such as reduced:
Specialized equipment storage and handling requirements,
Storm water runoff sampling requirements,
Training and licensing requirements, and
Record keeping and reporting requirements.
Equipment
There are no major equipment requirements to this BMP.
Limitations
Alternative products may not be available, suitable, or effective in every case.
Requirements
Cost Considerations
The primary cost is for staff time to: i) develop new policies and procedures and 2) educate purchasing departments and employees who handle potentially harmful materials about the
availability, procurement, and use of safer alternatives.
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Some alternative products may be slightly more expensive than conventional products.
Supplemental Information
Employees and contractors / service providers can both be educated about safer alternatives by
using information developed by a number of organizations including the references and
resources listed below.
The following discussion provides some general information on safer alternatives. More specific
information on particular hazardous materials and the available alternatives may be found in
the references and resources listed below.
Automotive products - Less toxic alternatives are not available for many automotive
products, especially engine fluids. But there are alternatives to grease lubricants, car
polishes, degreasers, and windshield washer solution. Rerefined motor oil is also available.
Vehicle/Trailer lubrication - Fifth wheel bearings on trucks require routine lubrication.
Adhesive lubricants are available to replace typical chassis grease.
Cleaners - Vegetables-based or citrus-based soaps are available to replace petroleum-based
soaps/detergents.
Paint products - Water-based paints, wood preservatives, stains, and finishes are available.
Pesticides - Specific alternative products or methods exist to control most insects, fungi, and
weeds.
Chemical Fertilizers - Compost and soil amendments are natural alternatives.
Consumables - Manufacturers have either reduced or are in the process of reducing the
amount of heavy metals in consumables such as batteries and fluorescent lamps. All
fluorescent lamps contain mercury, however low-mercury containing lamps are now
available from most hardware and lighting stores. Fluorescent lamps are also more energy
efficient than the average incandescent lamp.
Janitorial chemicals - Even biodegradable soap can harm fish and wildlife before it
biodegrades. Biodegradable does not mean non-toxic. Safer products and procedures are
available for floor stripping and cleaning, as well as carpet, glass, metal, and restroom
cleaning and disinfecting.
Examples
There are a number of business and trade associations, and communities with effective
programs. Some of the more prominent are listed below in the references and resources section.
References and Resources
Note: Many of these references provide alternative products for materials that typically are used
inside and disposed to the sanitary sewer as well as alternatives to products that usually end up
in the storm drain.
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SC-35 Safer Alternative Products
General Sustainable Practices and Pollution Prevention Including Pollutant- Specific Information
California Department of Toxic Substances Control (www.dtsc.ca.gov)
California Integrated Waste Management Board (www.ciwmb.ca.gov)
City of Santa Monica (www.santa-monica.org/environment)
City of Palo Alto (www.city.palo-alto.ca.us/cleanbay)
City and County of San Francisco, Department of the Environment
(www.ci.sf.ca.us/sfenvironment)
Earth 911 (www.earth911.org/master.asp)
Environmental Finance Center Region IX (www.greenstart.org/efc9)
Flex Your Power (www.flexyourpower.ca.gov)
GreenBi corn (www.greenbiz.com)
Green Business Program (www.abag.org/bayarea/enviro/gbus/gb.html)
Pacific Industrial and Business Association (www.piba.org)
Sacramento Clean Water Business Partners (www.sacstormwater.org)
USEPA BMP fact sheet - Alternative products
(http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/polL2.cfrn)
USEPA Region IX Pollution Prevention Program (www.epa.gov/region09/p2)
Western Regional Pollution Prevention Network (www.westp2net.orgj
Metals (mercury, copper)
National Electrical Manufacturers Association - Environment, Health and Safety (www.nema.orgj
Sustainable Conservation (www.suscon.org)
Auto Recycling Project
Brake Pad Partnership
Pesticides and Chemical Fertilizers
Bio-Integral Resource Center (www.birc.org)
California Department of Pesticide Regulation (www.cdpr.cagov)
University of California Statewide IPM Program (www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/default.html)
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Dioxins
Bay Area Dioxins Project (http://dioxin.abag.ca.gov/)
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Contaminated or Erodible Areas SC-40
Description Objectives
. . Areas within an industrial site that are bare of vegetation or are .Cover subject to activities that promote the suppression of vegetation . Contain
are often subject to erosion. In addition, they may or may not be Educate contaminated from past or current activities. If the area is Ruinimize temporarily bare because of construction, see SC-42, Building
Repair, Remodeling, and Construction. Sites with excessive . Product Substitution
erosion or the potential for excessive erosion should consider
employing the soil erosion BMPs identified in the Construction
BMP Handbook. Note that this fact sheet addresses soils that are not so contaminated as to exceed hazardous waste criteria (see
Title 22 California Code of Regulations for Hazardous Waste
Criteria).
Approach
Reduce potential for pollutant discharge through source control pollution prevention and BMP implementation. Successful Targeted Constituents implementation depends on effective training of employees on
applicable BMPs and general pollution prevention strategies and Sediment I
objectives. Nutrients I
Trash Pollution Prevention Metals Preserve natural vegetation whenever possible. See also EC-2, Bacteria I Preservation of Existing Vegetation, in the Construction BMP Oil and Grease 1 Handbook.
Organics /
Suggested Protocols
Preserve natural vegetation.
Analyze soil conditions.
Re-vegetate when necessary.
Remove contaminated soil.
Utilize chemical stabilization when needed. See also EC-5,
Soil Binders, and EC-13, Polyacrylamide, in the Construction
BMP Handbook.
. Use geosynthetic membranes to control erosion if feasible.
See also EC-7, Geotextiles and Mats, in the Construction BMP
Handbook.
l'aining
Training is not a significant element of this best management
It
S Q A practice.
stortmivater
Atsodadon
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SC-40 Contaminated or Erodible Areas
Other Considerations
Disadvantages of preserving natural vegetation or revegetation include-
- Requires substantial planning to preserve and maintain the existing vegetation
- May not be cost-effective with high land costs
- Lack of rainfall, inadequate irrigation and/or poor soils may limit the success of re-
vegetated areas
Disadvantages of chemical stabilization include:
- Creation of impervious surfaces
- May cause harmful effects on water quality
- Is usually more expensive than vegetative cover
Requirements
Costs
Except for preservation of natural vegetation, each of the above solutions can be quite expensive
depending upon the size of the area.
Maintenance
Maintenance should be minimal, except possibly if irrigation of vegetation is necessary.
Supplemental Information
Preserving Vegetation to Minimize Eros on
Preserving stabilized areas minimizes erosion potential, protects water quality, and provides
aesthetic benefits. The most effective way to control erosion is to preserve existing vegetation.
Preservation of natural vegetation provides a natural buffer zone and an opportunity for
infiltration of stôrmwater and capture of pollutants in the soil matrix. This practice can be used
as a permanent source control measure.
Vegetation preservation should be incorporated into the site. Preservation requires good site
management to minimize the impact of construction when construction is underway and
exposure of soils after construction. Proper maintenance is important to ensure healthy
vegetation that can control erosion. Different species, soil types, and climatic conditions will
require different maintenance activities such as mulching, fertilizing, liming, irrigation, pruning
and weed and pest control. Maintenance should be performed regularly especially during
construction phases.
The preferred approach is to leave as much native vegetation on-site as possible, thereby
reducing or eliminating any erosion problem. However, assuming the site already has
contaminated or erodible surface areas, there are four possible courses of action which can be
taken:
The area can be revegetated if it is not in use and therefore not subject to damage from site
activities. In as much as the area is already devoid of vegetation, special measures are likely
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Contaminated or Erodible Areas SC-40
necessary. Lack of vegetation may be due to the lack of water and/or poor soils. The latter
can perhaps be solved with fertilization, or the ground may simply be too compacted from
prior use. Improving soil conditions may be sufficient to support the recovery of vegetation.
Use process wastewater for irrigation if possible. Finally, see the Construction BMP
Handbook for further procedures on establishing vegetation.
Chemical stabilization can be used as an alternate method in areas where temporary seeding
practices cannot be used because of season or climate. It can provide immediate, effective,
and inexpensive erosion control. Application rates and procedures recommended by the
manufacturer should be followed as closely as possible to prevent the products from forming
ponds and creating large areas where moisture cannot penetrate the soil. See also EC-5, Soil
Binders, and EC-1.3, Polyacrylamide, in the Construction BMP Handbook for more
information. Advantages of chemical stabilization include:
- Applied easily to the surface
- Stabilizes areas effectively
- Provides immediate protection to soils that are in danger of erosion
Contaminated soils can be removed, however this is a last resort and quite expensive. The
level and extent of the contamination must be determined. This determination and removal
must comply with State and Federal regulations, permits must be acquired and fees paid.
Geosynthetics may be used. Geosynthetics include those materials that are designed as an
impermeable barrier to contain or control large amounts of liquid or solid matter.
Geosynthetics have been developed primarily for use in landfills and surface impoundments,
and the technology is well established. There are two general types of geosynthetics:
geomembranes (impermeable) and geotextiles (permeable). Geomembranes are composed
of one of three types of impermeable materials: elastomers (rubbers), thermoplasics
(plastics), or a combination of these two types of materials. See also EC-7, Geotextiles and
Mats, in the Construction BMP Handbook for more information. The advantages of these
materials include:
- A variety of compounds are available
- Sheeting is produced in a factory environment
- Polymeric membranes are flexible
- Installation is simple
Disadvantages include:
- Chemical resistance must be determined for each application
- Seaming systems may be a weak link in the system
- Many materials are subject to attack from biotic, mechanical, or environmental sources
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 4 Industrial and Commercial
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SC-40 Contaminated or Erodible Areas
Geotextiles are uncoated synthetic textile products that are not watertight. They are
composed of a variety of materials, most commonly polypropylene and polyester.
Geotextiles serve five basic functions:
- Filtration
- Drainage
- Separation
- Reinforcement
- Armoring
References and Resources
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.govJnps/index.html
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/nubworks/bmnrnan.df
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htm
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org
The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
4 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
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Building & Grounds Maintenance SC-41
Objectives
Cover
Contain
PI . Educate
Reduce/Minimize
. Product Substitution
_L I.
Targeted Constituents
Description Sediment /
Stormwater runoff from building and grounds maintenance Nutrients 1
activities can be contaminated with toxic hydrocarbons in Trash
solvents, fertilizers and pesticides, suspended solids, heavy Metals / metals, abnormal pH, and oils and greases. Utilizing the Bacteria / protocols in this fact sheet will prevent or reduce the discharge of Oil and Grease pollutants to stormwater from building and grounds
Organics maintenance activities by washing and cleaning up with as little
water as possible, following good landscape management
practices, preventing and cleaning up spills immediately, keeping
debris from entering the storm drains, and maintaining the
stormwater collection system.
Approach
Reduce potential for pollutant discharge through source control
pollution prevention and BMP implementation. Successful
implementation depends on effective training of employees on
applicable BMPs and general pollution prevention strategies and
objectives.
Pollution Prevention
Switch to non-toxic chemicals for maintenance when
possible.
Choose cleaning agents that can be recycled.
Alai Q A Encourage proper lawn management and landscaping,
including use of native vegetation. Iffornla
Stormwater
Quality
Association
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SC-41 Building & Grounds Maintenance
Encourage use of Integrated Pest Management techniques for pest control.
Encourage proper onsite recycling of yard trimmings.
Recycle residual paints, solvents, lumber, and other material as much as possible.
Suggested Protocols
Pressure Washing of Buildings, Rooftops, and Other Large Objects
In situations where soaps or detergents are used and the surrounding area is paved, pressure
washers must use a water collection device that enables collection of wash water and
associated solids. A sump pump, wet vacuum or similarly effective device must be used to
collect the runoff and loose materials. The collected runoff and solids must be disposed of
properly.
If soaps or detergents are not used, and the surrounding area is paved, wash runoff does not
have to be collected but must be screened. Pressure washers must use filter fabric or some
other type of screen on the ground and/or in the catch basin to trap the particles in wash
water runoff.
U If you are pressure washing on a grassed area (with or without soap), runoff must be
dispersed as sheet flow as much as possible, rather than as a concentrated stream. The wash
runoff must remain on the grass and not drain to pavement.
Landscaping Activities
Dispose of grass clippings, leaves, sticks, or other collected vegetation as garbage, or by
composting. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into waterways or storm drainage
systems.
Use mulch or other erosion control measures on exposed soils.
Building Repair, Remodeling, and Construction
U Do not dump any toxic substance or liquid waste on the pavement, the ground, or toward a
storm drain.
U Use ground or drop cloths underneath outdoor painting, scraping, and sandblasting work,
and properly dispose of collected material daily.
Use a ground cloth or oversized tub for activities such as paint mixing and tool cleaning.
U Clean paintbrushes and tools covered with water-based paints in sinks connected to sanitary
sewers or in portable containers that can be dumped into a sanitary sewer drain. Brushes
and tools covered with non-water-based paints, finishes, or other materials must be cleaned
in a manner that enables collection of used solvents (e.g., paint thinner, turpentine, etc.) for
recycling or proper disposal.
U Use a storm drain cover, filter fabric, or similarly effective runoff control mechanism if dust,
grit, wash water, or other pollutants may escape the work area and enter a catch basin. This
is particularly necessary on rainy days. The containment device(s) must be in place at the
beginning of the work day, and accumulated dirty runoff and solids must be collected and
disposed of before removing the containment device(s) at the end of the work day.
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If you need to de-water an excavation site, you may need to filter the water before
discharging to a catch basin or off-site. If directed off-site, you should direct the water
through hay bales and filter fabric or use other sediment filters or traps.
Store toxic material under cover during precipitation events and when not in use. A cover
would include tarps or other temporary cover material.
Mowing, Trimming, and Planting
Dispose of leaves, sticks, or other collected vegetation as garbage, by composting or at a
permitted landfill. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into waterways or storm drainage
systems.
Use mulch or other erosion control measures when soils are exposed.
Place temporarily stockpiled material away from watercourses and drain inlets, and berm or
cover stockpiles to prevent material releases to the storm drain system.
Consider an alternative approach when bailing out muddy water: do not put it in the storm
drain; pour over landscaped areas.
Use hand weeding where practical.
Fertilizer and Pesticide Management
Follow all federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing the use, storage, and
disposal of fertilizers and pesticides and training of applicators and pest control advisors.
Use less toxic pesticides that will do the job when applicable. Avoid use of copper-based
pesticides if possible.
Do not use pesticides if rain is expected.
Do not mix or prepare pesticides for application near storm drains.
Use the minimum amount needed for the job.
Calibrate fertilizer distributors to avoid excessive application.
Employ techniques to minimize off-target application (e.g., spray drift) of pesticides,
including consideration of alternative application techniques.
Apply pesticides only when wind speeds are low.
Fertilizers should be worked into the soil rather than dumped or broadcast onto the surface.
Irrigate slowly to prevent runoff and then only as much as is needed.
Clean pavement and sidewalk if fertilizer is spilled on these surfaces before applying
irrigation water.
Dispose of empty pesticide containers according to the instructions on the container label.
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SC-41 Building & Grounds Maintenance
Use up the pesticides. Rinse containers, and use rinse water as product. Dispose of unused
pesticide as hazardous waste.
Implement storage requirements for pesticide products with guidance from the local fire
department and County Agricultural Commissioner. Provide secondary containment for
pesticides.
Inspection
Inspect irrigation system periodically to ensure that the right amount of water is being
applied and that excessive runoff is not occurring. Minimize excess watering and repair
leaks in the irrigation system as soon as they are observed.
Training
Educate and train employees on pesticide use and in pesticide application techniques to
prevent pollution.
Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup.
Be sure the frequency of training takes into account the complexity of the operations and the
nature of the staff.
Spill Response and Prevention
Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date.
Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials, such as brooms, dustpans, and vacuum sweepers
(if desired) near the storage area where it will be readily accessible.
Have employees trained in spill containment and cleanup present during the
loading/unloading of dangerous wastes, liquid chemicals, or other materials.
Familiarize employees with the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan.
Clean up spills immediately.
Other Considerations
Alternative pest/weed controls may not be available, suitable, or effective in many cases.
Requirements
Costs
Cost will vary depending on the type and size of facility.
Overall costs should be low in comparison to other BMPs.
Maintenance
Sweep paved areas regularly to collect loose particles. Wipe up spills with rags and other
absorbent material immediately, do not hose down the area to a storm drain.
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Building & Grounds Maintenance SC-41
Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Fire Sprinkler Line Flushing
Building fire sprinkler line flushing may be a source of non-stormwater runoff pollution. The
water entering the system is usually potable water, though in some areas it may be non-potable
reclaimed wastewater. There are subsequent factors that may drastically reduce the quality of
the water in such systems. Black iron pipe is usually used since it is cheaper than potable
piping, but it is subject to rusting and results in lower quality water. Initially, the black iron pipe
has an oil coating to protect it from rusting between manufacture and installation; this will
contaminate the water from the first flush but not from subsequent flushes. Nitrates, poly-
phosphates and other corrosion inhibitors, as well as fire suppressants and antifreeze may be
added to the sprinkler water system. Water generally remains in the sprinkler system a long
time (typically a year) and between flushes may accumulate iron, manganese, lead, copper,
nickel, and zinc. The water generally becomes anoxic and contains living and dead bacteria and
breakdown products from chlorination. This may result in a significant BOD problem and the
water often smells. Consequently dispose fire sprinkler line flush water into the sanitary sewer.
Do not allow discharge to storm drain or infiltration due to potential high levels of pollutants in
fire sprinkler line water.
References and Resources
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/sDcm.htm
Mobile Cleaners Pilot Program: Final Report. 1997. Bay Area Stormwater Management
Agencies Association (BASMAA). http://www.basmaa.orgl
Pollution from Surface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies
Association (BASMAA). htto://www.basmaa.orgJ
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurpn.or
The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
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Building Repair and Construction SC-42
Objechves
• Cover
-
. Contain
m Educate
MIIWI1IZ
Recycle
V
4
Targeted Constituents
Description Sediment
Modifications are common particularly at large industrial sites. Nutrients
The activity may vary from minor and normal building repair to Trash /
major remodeling, or the construction of new facilities. These Metals I activities can generate pollutants including solvents, paints, paint Bacteria and varnish removers, finishing residues, spent thinners, soap Oil and Grease / cleaners, kerosene, asphalt and concrete materials, adhesive
residues, and old asbestos installation. Protocols in this fact Organics
sheet are intended to prevent or reduce the discharge of
pollutants to stormwater from building repair, remodeling, and
construction by using soil erosion controls, enclosing or covering
building material storage areas, using good housekeeping
practices, using safer alternative products, and training
employees.
Approach
Pollution Prevention
Recycle residual paints, solvents, lumber, and other materials
to the maximum extent practical.
Buy recycled products to the maximum extent practical.
Inform on-site contractors of company policy on these
matters and include appropriate provisions in their contract
to ensure certain proper housekeeping and disposal practices
are implemented. MC AS CIA
California
Stormwater
Quality
Association
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 1 of 4
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SC-42 Building Repair and Construction
Make sure that nearby storm drains are well marked to minimize the chance of inadvertent
disposal of residual paints and other liquids.
Suggested Protocols
Repair & Remodeling
Follow BMPs identified in Construction BMP Handbook.
Maintain good housekeeping practices while work is underway.
Keep the work site clean and orderly. Remove debris in a timely fashion. Sweep the area.
Cover materials of particular concern that must be left outside, particularly during the rainy
season.
Do not dump waste liquids down the storm drain.
Dispose of wash water, sweepings, and sediments properly.
Store materials properly that are normally used in repair and remodeling such as paints and
solvents.
Sweep out the gutter or wash the gutter and trap the particles at the outlet of the downspout
if when repairing roofs, small particles have accumulated in the gutter. A sock or geofabric
placed over the outlet may effectively trap the materials. If the downspout is tight lined,
place a temporary plug at the first convenient point in the storm drain and pump out the
water with a vactor truck, and clean the catch basin sump where you placed the plug.
Properly store and dispose waste materials generated from construction activities. See
Construction BMP Handbook.
Clean the storm drain system in the immediate vicinity of the construction activity after it is
completed.
Painting
Enclose painting operations consistent with local air quality regulations and OSHA.
Local air pollution regulations may, in many areas of the state, specify painting procedures
which if properly carried out are usually sufficient to protect water quality.
Develop paint handling procedures for proper use, storage, and disposal of paints.
Transport paint and materials to and from job sites in containers with secure lids and tied
down to the transport vehicle.
Test and inspect spray equipment prior to starting to paint. Tighten all hoses and
connections and do not overfill paint containers.
Mix paint indoors before using so that any spill will not be exposed to rain. Do so even
during dry weather because cleanup of a spill will never be 100% effective.
Transfer and load paint and hot thermoplastic away from storm drain inlets.
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Do not transfer or load paint near storm drain inlets.
Plug nearby storm drain inlets prior to starting painting and remove plugs when job is
complete when there is significant risk of a spill reaching storm drains.
Cover nearby storm drain inlets prior to starting work if sand blasting is used to remove
paint.
Use a ground cloth to collect the chips if painting requires scraping or sand blasting of the
existing surface. Dispose the residue properly.
Cover or enclose painting operations properly to avoid drift.
Clean the application equipment in a sink that is connected to the sanitary sewer if using
water based paints.
Capture all cleanup-water and dispose of properly.
Dispose of paints containing lead or tributyl tin and considered a hazardous waste properly.
Store leftover paints if they are to be kept for the next job properly, or dispose properly.
Recycle paint when possible. Dispose of paint at an appropriate household hazardous waste
facility.
Training
Proper education of off-site contractors is often overlooked. The conscientious efforts of well
trained employees can be lost by unknowing off-site contractors, so make sure they are well
informed about what they are expected to do.
Spill Response and Prevention
Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date.
Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible.
Clean up spills immediately.
Excavate and remove the contaminated (stained) soil if a spill occurs on dirt.
Limitations
This BMP is for minor construction only. The State's General Construction Activity
Stormwater Permit has more requirements for larger projects. The companion
"Construction Best Management Practice Handbook" contains specific guidance and best
management practices for larger-scale projects.
Hazardous waste that cannot be reused or recycled must be disposed of by a licensed
hazardous waste hauler.
Be certain that actions to help stormwater quality are consistent with Cal- and Fed-OSHA
and air quality regulations.
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SC-42 Building Repair and Construction
Requirements
Costs
These BMPs are generally low to modest in cost.
Maintenance
N/A
Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Soil/Erosion Control
If the work involves exposing large areas of soil, employ the appropriate soil erosion and control
techniques. See the Construction Best Management Practice Handbook. If old buildings are
being torn down and not replaced in the near future, stabilize the site using measures described
in SC-40 Contaminated or Erodible Areas.
If a building is to be placed over an open area with a storm drainage system, make sure the
storm inlets within the building are covered or removed, or the storm line is connected to the
sanitary sewer. If because of the remodeling a new drainage system is to be installed or the
existing system is to be modified, consider installing catch basins as they serve as effective "in-
line" treatment devices. See Treatment Control Fact Sheet TC-20 Wet Pond/Basin in Section 5
of the New Development and Redevelopment Handbook regarding design criteria. Include in
the catch basin a "turn-down" elbow or similar device to trap floatables.
References and Resources
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.ppf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual httn://dnr.metrokc.gpv/wlr/dss/spcm.htm
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.s
The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.n
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Objectives
Cover
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize
Product Substitution
Targeted Constituents
Sediment I
Nutrients
Trash If
Metals If
Bacteria
Oil and Grease I
Organics I
VSQA
rnia
rmwater
Quality
Association
Parking/Storage Area Maintenance SC-43
Description
Parking lots and storage areas can contribute a number of
substances, such as trash, suspended solids, hydrocarbons, oil
and grease, and heavy metals that can enter receiving waters
through stormwater runoff or non-stormwater discharges. The
protocols in this fact sheet are intended to prevent or reduce the
discharge of pollutants from parking/storage areas and include
using good housekeeping practices, following appropriate
cleaning BMPs, and training employees.
Approach
The goal of this program is to ensure stormwater pollution
prevention practices are considered when conducting activities
on or around parking areas and storage areas to reduce potential
for pollutant discharge to receiving waters. Successful
implementation depends on effective training of employees on
applicable BMPs and general pollution prevention strategies and
objectives.
Pollution Prevention
Encourage alternative designs and maintenance strategies for
impervious parking lots. (See New Development and
Redevelopment BMP Handbook)
Keep accurate maintenance logs to evaluate BMP
implementation.
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SC-43 Parking/Storage Area Maintenance
Suggested Protocols
General
Keep the parking and storage areas clean and orderly. Remove debris in a timely fashion.
Allow sheet runoff to flow into biofilters (vegetated strip and swale) and/or infiltration
devices.
Utilize sand filters or oleophiic collectors for oily waste in low quantities.
Arrange rooftop drains to prevent drainage directly onto paved surfaces.
Design lot to include semi-permeable hardscape.
Discharge soapy water remaining in mop or wash buckets to the sanitary sewer through a
sink, toilet, clean-out, or wash area with drain.
Controlling Litter
Post "No Littering" signs and enforce anti-litter laws.
Provide an adequate number of litter receptacles.
Clean out and cover litter receptacles frequently to prevent spillage.
Provide trash receptacles in parking lots to discourage litter.
Routinely sweep, shovel, and dispose of litter in the trash.
Surface Cleaning
Use dry cleaning methods (e.g., sweeping, vacuuming) to prevent the discharge of pollutants
into the stormwater conveyance system if possible.
Establish frequency of public parking lot sweeping based on usage and field observations of
waste accumulation.
. Sweep all parking lots at least once before the onset of the wet season.
Follow the procedures below if water is used to clean surfaces:
- Block the storm drain or contain runoff.
- Collect and pump wash water to the sanitary sewer or discharge to a pervious surface.
Do not allow wash water to enter storm drains.
- Dispose of parking lot sweeping debris and dirt at a landfill.
Follow the procedures below when cleaning heavy oily deposits:
- Clean oily spots with absorbent materials.
Use a screen or filter fabric over inlet, then wash surfaces.
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- Do not allow discharges to the storm drain.
- Vacuum/pump discharges to a tank or discharge to sanitary sewer.
- Appropriately dispose of spilled materials and absorbents.
Surface Repair
Preheat, transfer or load hot bituminous material away from storm drain inlets.
Apply concrete, asphalt, and seal coat during dry weather to prevent contamination from
contacting storinwater runoff.
Cover and seal nearby storm drain inlets where applicable (with waterproof material or
mesh) and manholes before applying seal coat, slurry seal, etc. Leave covers in place until
job is complete and all water from emulsified oil sealants has drained or evaporated. Clean
any debris from these covered manholes and drains for proper disposal.
Use only as much water as necessary for dust control, to avoid runoff.
Catch drips from paving equipment that is not in use with pans or absorbent material placed
under the machines. Dispose of collected material and absorbents properly.
Inspection
Have designated personnel conduct inspections of parking facilities and stormwater
conveyance systems associated with parking facilities on a regular basis.
Inspect cleaning equipment/sweepers for leaks on a regular basis.
Training
Provide regular training to field employees and/or contractors regarding cleaning of paved
areas and proper operation of equipment.
• Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup.
Spill Response and Prevention
Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan up-to-date.
Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible or at a central
location.
Clean up fluid spills immediately with absorbent rags or material.
Dispose of spilled material and absorbents properly.
Other Considerations
Limitations related to sweeping activities at large parking facilities-may include high equipment
costs, the need for sweeper operator training, and the inability of current sweeper technology to
remove oil and grease.
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SC-43 Parking/Storage Area Maintenance
Requirements
Costs
Cleaning/sweeping costs can be quite large. Construction and maintenance of stormwater
structural controls can be quite expensive as well.
Maintenance
Sweep parking lot regularly to minimize cleaning with water.
• Clean out oil/water/sand separators regularly, especially after heavy storms.
Clean parking facilities regularly to prevent accumulated wastes and pollutants from being
discharged into conveyance systems during rainy conditions.
Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Surface Repair
Apply concrete, asphalt, and seal coat during dry weather to prevent contamination from
contacting stormwater runoff. Where applicable, cover and seal nearby storm drain inlets (with
waterproof material or mesh) and manholes before applying seal coat, slurry seal, etc. Leave
covers in place until job is complete and all water from emulsified oil sealants has drained or
evaporated. Clean any debris from these covered manholes and drains for proper disposal.
Only use only as much water as is necessary for dust control to avoid runoff.
References and Resources
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/npslindex.htxnl
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.clark.wa.us/pubworks/bmpman.pdf
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual httu://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spctn.htm
Pollution from Surface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies
Association (BASMAA). http://www.basmaa.org/
Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies. Oregon Municipal Stormwater Toolbox for
Maintenance Practices. June 1998.
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.or
The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net/
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Objectives
Cover
Contain
Educate
Reduce/Minimize
Targeted Constituents
Sediment I
Nutrients
Trash I
Metals
Bacteria lf
Oil and Grease
Organics
V
ia
water
CASOA
ality
Association
Drainage System Maintenance SC-44
Description
As a consequence of its function, the stormwater conveyance
system collects and transports urban runoff and stormwater that
may contain certain pollutants. The protocols in this fact sheet
are intended to reduce pollutants reaching receiving waters
through proper conveyance system operation and maintenance..
Approach
Pollution Prevention
Maintain catch basins, stormwater inlets, and other stormwater
conveyance structures on a regular basis to remove pollutants,
reduce high pollutant concentrations during the first flush of
storms, prevent clogging of the downstream conveyance system,
restore catch basins' sediment trapping capacity, and ensure the
system functions properly hydraulically to avoid flooding.
Suggested Protocols
Catch Basins/Inlet Structures
Staff should regularly inspect facilities to ensure compliance
with the following:
Immediate repair of any deterioration threatening
structural integrity.
Cleaning before the sump is 40% full. Catch basins
should be cleaned as frequently as needed to meet this
standard.
- Stenciling of catch basins and inlets (see SC34 Waste
Handling and Disposal).
January 2003 CaliforriiaStorrnwater BMP Handbook 1 of 6
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SC-44 Drainage System Maintenance
Clean catch basins, storm drain inlets, and other conveyance structures before the wet
season to remove sediments and debris accumulated during the summer.
Conduct inspections more frequently during the wet season for problem areas where
sediment or trash accumulates more often. Clean and repair as needed.
Keep accurate logs of the number of catch basins cleaned.
Store wastes collected from cleaning activities of the drainage system in appropriate
containers or temporary storage sites in a manner that prevents discharge to the storm
drain.
Dewater the wastes if necessary with outflow into the sanitary sewer if permitted. Water
should be treated with an appropriate filtering device prior to discharge to the sanitary
sewer. If discharge to the sanitary sewer is not allowed, water should be pumped or
vacuumed to a tank and properly disposed. Do not dewater near a storm drain or stream.
Storm Drain Conveyance System
Locate reaches of storm drain with deposit problems and develop a flushing schedule that
keeps the pipe clear of excessive buildup.
Collect and pump flushed effluent to the sanitary sewer for treatment whenever possible.
Pump Stations
Clean all storm drain pump stations prior to the wet season to remove silt and trash.
Do not allow discharge to reach the storm drain system when cleaning a storm drain pump
station or other facility.
Conduct routine maintenance at each pump station.
Inspect, clean, and repair as necessary all outlet structures prior to the wet season.
Open Channel
Modify storm channel characteristics to improve channel hydraulics, increase pollutant
removals, and enhance channel/creek aesthetic and habitat value.
Conduct channel modification/improvement in accordance with existing laws. Any person,
government agency, or public utility proposing an activity that will change the natural
(emphasis added) state of any river, stream, or lake in California, must enter into a Steam or
Lake Alteration Agreement with the Department of Fish and Game. The developer-applicant
should also contact local governments (city, county, special districts), other state agencies
(SWRCB, RWQCB, Department of Forestry, Department of Water Resources), and Federal
Corps of Engineers and USFWS.
Illicit Connections and Discharges
Look for evidence of illegal discharges or illicit connections during routine maintenance of
conveyance system and drainage structures:
- Is there evidence of spills such as paints, discoloring, etc?
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Drainage System Maintenance SC-44
- Are there any odors associated with the drainage system?
- Record locations of apparent illegal discharges/illicit connections?
- Track flows back to potential dischargers and conduct aboveground inspections. This
can be done through visual inspection of upgradient manholes or alternate techniques
including zinc chloride smoke testing, fluorometric dye testing, physical inspection
testing, or television camera inspection.
- Eliminate the discharge once the origin of flow is established.
Stencil or demarcate storm drains, where applicable, to prevent illegal disposal of pollutants.
Storm drain inlets should have messages such as "Dump No Waste Drains to Stream"
stenciled next to them to warn against ignorant or intentional dumping of pollutants into the
storm drainage system.
. Refer to fact sheet SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges.
fliegal Dumping
Inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas regularly where illegal
dumping and disposal occurs.
Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the
following:
- Illegal dumping hot spots
- Types and quantities (in some cases) of wastes
- Patterns in time of occurrence (time of day/night, month, or year)
- Mode of dumping (abandoned containers, "midnight dumping" from moving vehicles,
direct dumping of materials, accidents/spills)
- Responsible parties
Post "No Dumping" signs in problem areas with a phone number for reporting dumping and
disposal. Signs should also indicate fines and penalties for illegal dumping.
• Refer to fact sheet SC-10 Non-Stormwater Discharges.
Training
Train crews in proper maintenance activities, including record keeping and disposal.
Allow only properly trained individuals to handle hazardous materials/wastes.
Have staff involved in detection and removal of illicit connections trained in the following:
- OSHA-required Health and Safety Training (29 CFR 1910.120) plus annual refresher
training (as needed).
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 6
Industrial and Commercial
www.cabmphandbooks.com
SC-44 Drainage System Maintenance
- OSHA Confined Space Entry training (Cal-OSHA Confined Space, Title 8 and Federal OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146).
- Procedural training (field screening, sampling, smoke/dye testing, TV inspection).
Spill Response and Prevention
Investigate all reports of spills, leaks, and/or illegal dumping promptly.
Clean up all spills and leaks using "dry" methods (with absorbent materials and/or rags) or
dig up, remove, and properly dispose of contaminated soil.
Refer to fact sheet SC-11 Spill Prevention, Control, and Cleanup
Other Considerations (Limitations and Regulations)
Clean-up activities may create a slight disturbance for local aquatic species. Access to items
and material on private property may be limited. Trade-offs may exist between channel
hydraulics and water quality/riparian habitat. If storm channels or basins are recognized as
wetlands, many activities, including maintenance, may be subject to regulation and
permitting.
Storm drain flushing is most effective in small diameter pipes (36-inch diameter pipe or less,
depending on water supply and sediment collection capacity). Other considerations
associated with storm drain flushing may include the availability of a water source, finding a
downstream area to collect sediments, liquid/sediment disposal, and prohibition against
disposal of flushed effluent to sanitary sewer in some areas.
Regulations may include adoption of substantial penalties for illegal dumping and disposal.
Local municipal codes may include sections prohibiting discharge of soil, debris, refuse,
hazardous wastes, and other pollutants into the storm drain system.
Requirements
Costs
An aggressive catch basin cleaning program could require a significant capital and O&M
budget.
The elimination of illegal dumping is dependent on the availability, convenience, and cost of
alternative means of disposal. The primary cost is for staff time. Cost depends on how
aggressively a program is implemented. Other cost considerations for an illegal dumping
program include:
- Purchase and installation of signs.
- Rental of vehicle(s) to haul illegally-disposed items and material to landfills.
- Rental of heavy equipment to remove larger items (e.g., car-bodies) from channels.
- Purchase of landfill space to dispose of illegally-dumped items and material.
4 of 6 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
Industrial and Commercial
www.cabmphandbooks.com
Drainage S rn Maintenance SC-44
Methods used for illicit connection detection (smoke testing, dye testing, visual inspection,
and flow monitoring) can be costly and time-consuming. Site-specific factors, such as the
level of impervious area, the density and ages of buildings, and type of land use will
determine the level of investigation necessary.
Maintenance
Two-person teams may be required to clean catch basins with vactor trucks.
Teams of at least two people plus administrative personnel are required to identify illicit
discharges, depending on the complexity of the storm sewer system.
Arrangements must be made for proper disposal of collected wastes.
Technical staff are required to detect and investigate illegal dumping violations.
Supplemental Information
Further Detail of the BMP
Storm Drain Flushing
Flushing is a common maintenance activity used to improve pipe hydraulics and to remove
pollutants in storm drainage systems.. Flushing may be designed to hydraulically convey
accumulated material to strategic locations, such as an open channel, another point where
flushing will be initiated, or the sanitary sewer and the treatment facilities, thus preventing
resuspension and overflow of a portion of the solids during storm events. Flushing prevents
"plug flow" discharges of concentrated pollutant loadings and sediments. Deposits can hinder
the designed conveyance capacity of the storm drain system and potentially cause backwater
conditions in severe cases of dogging.
Storm drain flushing usually takes place along segments of pipe with grades that are too flat to
maintain adequate velocityto keep particles in suspension. An upstream manhole is selected to
place an inflatable device that temporarily plugs the pipe. Further upstream, water is pumped
into the line to create a flushing wave. When the upstream reach of pipe is sufficiently full to
cause a flushing wave, the inflated device is rapidly deflated with the assistance of a vacuum
pump, thereby releasing the backed up water and resulting in the cleaning of the storm drain
segment.
To further reduce impacts of stormwater pollution, a second inflatable device placed well
downstream may be used to recollect the water after the force of the flushing wave has
dissipated. A pump may then be used to transfer the water and accumulated material to the
sanitary sewer for treatment. In some cases, an interceptor structure may be more practical or
required to recollect the flushed waters.
It has been found that cleansing efficiency of periodic flush waves is dependent upon flush
volume, flush discharge rate, sewer slope, sewer length, sewer flow rate, sewer diameter, and
population density. As a rule of thumb, the length of line to be flushed should not exceed 700
feet. At this maximum recommended length, the percent removal efficiency ranges between 65-
75% for organics and 55-65% for dry weather grit/inorganic material. The percent removal
efficiency drops rapidly beyond that. Water is commonly supplied by a water truck, but fire
hydrants can also supply water. To make the best use of water, it is recommended that
reclaimed water be used or that fire hydrant line flushing coincide with storm sewer flushing.
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 6
Industrial and Commercial
www.cabmphandbooks.com
SC-44 Drainage System Maintenance
References and Resources
California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nDs/index.html
Clark County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual
http://www.co.dark.wa.us/nubworks/bmman.df
Ferguson, B.K. 1991. Urban Stream Reclamation, p. 324-322, Journal of Soil and Water
Conservation.
King County Storm Water Pollution Control Manual httt://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/scm.htm
Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies. Oregon Municipal Stormwater Toolbox for
Maintenance Practices. June 1998.
Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program http://www.scvurppp.org
The Storm Water Managers Resource Center http://www.stormwatercenter.net
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good
Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Storm Drain System Cleaning. On line:
http://www.eDa.gov/n1des/menupfhmfls/jjoll 16.htm
6 of 6 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003
Industrial and Commercial
www.cabmphandbooks.com
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN (SWMP)
CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER
Appendix D
Soils Report
May 5, 2009
GEOCON
INCORPORATED
GEOTECHNICAL CONSULTANTS
10)
Project No. 07394-42-03
May 1, 2009
Mansour Architectural Group
5897 Oberlin Drive, Suite 111
San Diego, California 92121
Attention: Mr. Tony Mansour
Subject: CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER - LOT 45
CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA
UPDATE REPORT FOR PARKING LOT IMPROVEMENTS
AND RETAINING WALL
References: 1. Update Geotechnical Investigation For New Access Driveways and Parking Lots,
Carlsbad Research Center, Carlsba4 California, prepared by Geocon Incorporated,
dated October 6, 2004 (Project No. 07394-42-01).
Report of Testing and Observation Services During Construction of Site
Improvements, Research Center Pointe, Carlsbad California, prepared by Geocon
Incorporated, dated December 15, 2005 (Project No. 07394-42-02).
Final Report of Testing and Observation Services During Site Grading, Nelicor
Puritan Bennett Addition Lot 44, Carlsbad California, prepared by Geocon
Incorporated, dated January 15, 1997 (Project No. 05772-11-02).
Horizontal Control Plans for: Carlsbad Research Center Lot 45 Carlsbad Tract 85-
24, Unit No. 3, prepared by Brent C. Moore, RCE, no date.
Dear Mr. Mansour-
In accordance with your request, we have prepared this letter to provide geotechnical parameters for
the design and construction of a 5-foot-high retaining wall and parking lot modifications/additions at
the subject project. We have reviewed the recommendations and laboratory test results for the
previously submitted geotechnical reports (References I through 3) and have visited the site to observe
the current site conditions. We have also reviewed the current project plan (Reference 4).
PREVIOUS SITE DEVELOPMENT
The project site consists of Lot 45 of the Carlsbad Research Center. Grading occurred on the property
during initial development of the research center. It is estimated that up to 65 feet of fill was placed
across the property. Reports documenting the fill were not available for our review.
6960 Flanders Drive S Son Diego, Colilornia 92121.2974 5 Telephone 18581 5586900 0 Fox (858) 5586I59
More recent grading for Lot 45 occurred in November 1996 under the testing and observation services
of Geocon Incorporated (see Reference 3). During this phase of grading portions of undocumented fill
were removed within the building pad and parking lots.
SITE AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Lot 45 of the Carlsbad Research Center is located north of Faraday Avenue east of Dalton Court in
Carlsbad, California. A concrete tilt-up building has been constructed on the property. The building is
generally surrounded by parking lot and access driveways.
Based on the referenced plan, proposed improvements will consist of modifications to the existing
eastern parking lot generally consisting of a new retaining wall in the eastern slope to create parking
space and new pavement. The new pavement will consist of concrete and asphalt concrete, as well as
pervious concrete payers that will enable storm water runoff through the paver section.
SOIL AND GEOLOGIC CONDITIONS
Based on information provided in the referenced reports, the area of new improvements is underlain by
native materials of the Point Loma Formation. This formation can be moderately to highly expansive.
However, it should provide suitable foundation support for the new retaining wall and parking lot
modifications. A map depicting general site geology is provided on Figure 1.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
1.0 Soil and Excavation Characteristics
1.1 The on-site materials are expected to be comprised of silty/sandy clays to clayey/silty sands.
Laboratory tests performed during previous investigations and during previous grading
observed by Geocon Incorporated suggest the on-site materials have a medium expansion
potential.
1.2 Laboratory tests were performed on samples of the site materials during previous
investigations to evaluate the percentage of water-soluble sulfate content. Results from the
laboratory water-soluble sulfate content tests indicate the on-site materials possess "severe"
sulfate exposure to concrete and have an "Exposure Class" of "S2"as defined by 2007 CBC
Section 1904.3 and ACI 318. Table 1 presents a summary of concrete requirements set forth
by 2007 CBC Section 1904.3 and ACI 318 Sections 4.2 and 4.3. The presence of water-
soluble sulfates is not a visually discernible characteristic; therefore, other soil samples from
the site could yield different concentrations. Additionally, over time landscaping activities
(i.e., addition of fertilizers and other soil nutrients) may affect the concentration.
Pmject No. 0739442-03 . -2- May I, 2009
TABLE 1
REQUIREMENTS FOR CONCRETE EXPOSED TO
SULFATE-CONTAINING SOLUTIONS
Sulfate Exposure Water-Soluble
Sulfate % b Cement
maximum
Water to
Minimum
Compremive
Exposure Class Weight Type Cement Ratio Strength
by Weight (psi)
Negligible SO 0.00-0.10 - - 2,500
Moderate SI 0.10-0.20 11 0.50 4,000
Severe S2 0.20-2.00 V 0.45 4,500
Very Severe S3 > 2.00 V + POZZOlafl 0.45 4,500 or slag
1.3 Geocon Incorporated does not practice in the field of corrosion engineering. Therefore, if
improvements that could be susceptible to corrosion are planned, further evaluation by a
corrosion engineer should be performed.
2.0 Grading
2.1 Site preparation should begin with the removal of all deleterious material and vegetation.
The depth of removal should be such that soil exposed in cut areas or soil to be used for fill
is mostly free of organic matter. Material generated during stripping and/or site demolition
should be exported from the site.
2.2 The foundation for the proposed retaining wall should be founded on properly compacted fill
soil or formational soil. We recommend the footing excavation be observed by a
representative of Geocon Incorporated prior to placing still. If loose or otherwise unsuitable
soil is encountered at the base of the footing excavation, the footing should be deepened to
extend to competent fill or formational soil.
2.3 All fill and backfiLl soils should be moisture conditioned to optimum moisture content or
slightly above, placed in horizontal, loose layers approximately 8 inches thick, and
compacted to at least 90 percent of the laboratory maximum dry density, as determined by
the current version of ASTM D 1557-02.
2.4 In parking areas, the existing subgrade soil should be scarified to a depth of 12 inches,
moisture conditioned, and compacted to 95 percent relative density. -
2.5 Imported soils should have an Expansion Index of less than 50 and a maximum particle
dimension of three inches. Geocon Incorporated should be notified of the import source and
Project No. 07394-42-03 -3- May 1, 2009
should perform laboratory testing prior to delivery of the material to the site to determine its
suitability as fill material.
3.0 Conventional Retaining Wails
3.1 Retaining walls that are allowed to rotate more than 0.001H (where H equals the height of
the retaining portion of the wall) at the top of the wall and having a level backfill surface
should be designed for an active soil pressure equivalent to the pressure exerted by a fluid
density of 35 pcf. Where the backfill will be inclined at 2:1 (horizontal:vertical), an active
soil pressure of 50 pcf is recommended. Expansive soils should not be used as backfill
material behind retaining waits. All soil placed for retaining wall backfill should have an
Expansion Index less than 50. Material with an Expansion Index less than 50 will likely
require importing.
3.2 Where walls are restrained from movement at the top,an active soil pressure equivalent to
the pressure exerted by a fluid density of 57 psf should be used. For retaining walls subject
to vehicular loads within a horizontal distance equal to two-thirds the wall height, a
surcharge equivalent to 2 feet of fill soil should be added (unit weight 125 pct).
3.3 Retaining walls should be provided with a drainage system adequate to prevent the buildup
of hydrostatic forces and should be waterproofed as required by the project architect. The use
of drainage openings through the base of the wall (weep holes) is not recommended where
the seepage could be a nuisance or otherwise adversely affect the property adjacent to the
base of the wall. The above recommendations assume a, properly compacted granular (El of
less than 50) free-draining backfill material with no hydrostatic forces or imposed surcharge
load. Figure 2 presents a typical retaining wail drainage detail. If conditions different than
those described are anticipated, or if specific drainage details are desired, Geocon
Incorporated should be contacted for additional recommendations.
3.4 In general, wail foundations having a minimum depth and width of one foot may be designed
for an allowable soil bearing pressure of 2,000 psf, provided the soil within 3 feet below the
base of the wall consists of compacted fill with an Expansion Index of less than 90. The
proximity of the foundation to the top of a slope steeper than 3:1 could impact the allowable
soil bearing pressure. Therefore, Geocon Incorporated should be consulted where such a
condition is anticipated.
3.5 To resist lateral loads, a passive pressure exerted by an equivalent fluid weight of
350 pounds per cubic foot (pcf) should be used for design of footings or shear keys poured
neat against properly compacted granular fill soils. The upper 12 inches of material in areas
Project No. 07394-42-03 -4- May I. 2009
not protected by floor slabs or pavement should not be included in design for passive
resistance.
3.6 If friction is to be used to resist lateral loads, an allowable coefficient of friction between soil
and concrete of 0.3 should be used for design.
3.7 The recommendations presented above are generally applicable to the design of rigid
concrete or masonry retaining walls having a maximum height of 8 feet. In the event that
walls higher than 8 feet are planned, Geocon Incorporated should be consulted for additional
recommendations.
4.0 Asphalt and Concrete Pavement Recommendations
4.1 The following pavement sections are based on an R-Value of 20. This value was determined
from testing of subgrade soils performed during Reference 1. Asphalt concrete pavement
thicknesses were determined following procedures outlined in the California Highway
Design Manual (Caltrans). Concrete pavement thicknesses are based on procedures
recommended by the American Concrete Institute report ACI 330R-01 Guide for Design and
Construction of Concrete Parking Lots using the following parameters:
Modulus of subgrade reaction, k = 100 pci
Modulus of rupture for concrete, M = 500 psi (3,200 psi)
Traffic Category = C
Average daily truck traffic, ADTf = 100 or-less
TABLE 4
RECOMMENDED PAVEMENT DESIGN SECTIONS
Asphalt Concrete Portland Cement Concrete
Traffic (PCC)
AC Class 2 PCC Class 2 Location bidex
('fl) (inches) Bkse Base
(inches) (inches) (inches)
Automobile Parking 4.5 3 5.5 5 4
Automobile Driveways 5 3 7 5 4
Heavy Truck Traffic Areas 6.5 4 11 7 6
L. (ADT less than 25)
4.2 Asphalt concrete should conform to Section 2036 of the Standard Specifications for Public
Works Construction (Green Book). Class 2 aggregate base materials should conform to
Section 26-1.02A of the Standard Specifications of the State of California, Department of
Transportation (Caltrans).
Project No. 07394-42.03 -5- May 1, 2009
4.3 Prior to placing base material, the upper 12 inches of subgrade should be scarified, moisture
conditioned and compacted to a minimum of 95 percent of the maximum dry density as
determined by ASTM D 1557-02. The base material should also be compacted to at least
95 percent relative compaction. Asphalt concrete should be compacted to a minimum of
95 percent of the laboratory Hveem density.
4.4 The performance of pavements is highly dependent upon providing positive surface drainage
away from the edge of paveinents.1Allowing water to pond on or adjacent to the pavement
will likely result in saturation of the subgrade materials and subsequent pavement distress. If
planter islands are planned, the perimeter curb should extend at least 6 inches below the
bottom of the Class 2 aggregate base.
4.5 Loading aprons, such as those used for trash bin enclosures and loading docks, should be
constructed using Portland cement concrete as recommended above for Heavy traffic areas.
The pavement should be reinforced with a minimum of No. 4 steel reinforcing bars spaced
18 inches on center in both directions placed at the slab midpoint. The concrete should
extend out from the loading dock or trash bin such that both the front and rear wheels of the
truck will be located on reinforced concrete pavement when loading.
4.6 A thickened edge or integral curb should be constructed on the outside of concrete slabs
subjected to wheel toads. The thickened edge should be 1.2 times the slab thickness at the
slab edge and taper to the recommended slab thickness 3 feet behind the face of the slab
(e.g., a 7-inch-thick slab would have an 8.4-inch-thick edge).
4.7 To control the location and spread of concrete shrinkage cracks, it is recommended that
crack-control joints be included in the design of the concrete pavement slab. Crack control
joint spacing should not exceed, in feet, twice the recommended slab thickness in inches
(e.g., 13 by 13 feet for a 6.5-inch-thick slab). The crack-control joints should be created
while the concrete is still fresh using a grooving tool, or shortly thereafter using saw cuts.
The joint should extend into the slab a minimum of one-fourth of the slab thickness.
4.8 Expansion joints should be provided at the interface between areas of concrete placed at
different times during construction. Doweling is recommended between the joints to transfer
anticipated truck traffic loading. Dowels should be located at the midpoint of the slab and be
spaced at 12 inches on center. As an alternative to doweling, a keyway may be used to
transfer wheel loads. The project structural engineer should provide recommendations for
load transfer.
4.9 Consideration should be given to the use of a crack control joint and expansion joint filler or
sealer to aid in preventing migration of water into subgrade and base materials. Appropriate
Project No. 07394-42.03 -6- May 1. 2009
fillers or sealers are discussed in section 4.7 of the American Concrete Institute's Guide for
Design of Jointed Concrete Pavements for Streets and Local Roads (AC! 325.12R-02).
5.0 Permeable Payers
5.1 Based on the referenced plans, permeable payers will be utilized within parking stalls along
the eastern side of the parking to allow surface water to infiltrate and pass through a gravel
bed before entering the storm drain system. As such, a base section will be required for water
storage. The project plans indicate the base section will consist of 4 inches of Winch
aggregate underlain by 12 inches of V4-inch aggregate. A 2-inch layer of No. 8 aggregate will
be placed directly beneath the payers. The joints between the payers will be filled with No.8
aggregate. It is our opinion this section should provide suitable support for automobile traffic
in parking stall areas.
5.2 The on-site soils are expected to be relatively impervious to infiltration, and as such, water
through the payers is expected to perch on the underlying subgrade. To collect water and
transmit it to the storm drain system, we recommend the subgrade be sloped to one side and a
drain installed to transmit water to the storm drain system. The drain should consist of a
minimum 3-inch perforated Schedule 40 PVC pipe surrounded in Mirth 140N filter fabric.
The drain should be constructed with a positive outlet to the storm drain system.
5.3 Due to the expansive nature of the subgrade, it should be understood that improvements
placed near areas where surface water is allowed to infiltrate to the subgrade soil may
experience distress related to soil swell/shrink.
5.4 Because of the potential for saturation of subgrade soils and subsequent subgrade strength
loss as a result of infiltrating storm water through pervious pavements, we recommend a
geotextile reinforcing fabric consisting of Mirafi 500X be placed across the subgrade surface
prior to placing the gravel base.
5.5 Paver installation should be performed in accordance with ICPI Tech Spec 2, Construction of
Interlocking Concrete Pavement.
5.6 Prior to placing the aggregate rock, the subgrade should be scarified, moisture conditioned to
at least 2 percent above optimum moisture content, and recompacted to a minimum of
90 percent relative compaction. The depth of scarification and compaction should be at least
12 inches.
Project No. 07394-42-03 -7- May 1, 2009
5.7 The gravel base reservoir beneath the pervious payers should be seated during placement by
applying compactive effort with a vibratory roller.
5.8 Concrete edge bands or curbs should be incorporated in interlocking concrete pavement areas
to maintain horizontal interlock while the interlocking payers are subjected to vehicular
loads.
5.9 Where pervious payers abut normal asphalt, concrete, or the retaining wall, we recommend a
cut-off wall be placed along the pervious pavement edge to reduce the potential for water
migrating into adjacent pavement base material or into subgrade soils supporting structural
improvements. The cut-off wall should extend to a depth of at least 12 inches below the
bottom of the gravel base section. Edge restraints (band and/or concrete curbs) can be used as
the cut-off wall provided they extend at least 6 inches below the bottom of the gravel base
section. Alternatively, an impermeable liner can be used as the cut-off wall.
5.10 A maintenance schedule consisting of inspecting the pavement sections should be established
and periodic removal and replacement of individual payers may be required where
displacement, settlement, or heave occurs.
6.0 Concrete Slabs-On-Grade
6.1 Exterior slabs and sidewalks should be at least 4 inches thick and reinforced with 6 x 6-6/6
welded wire mesh. The mesh should be placed within the upper one-third of the slab. Proper
mesh positioning is critical to future performance of the slabs. It has been our experience that
the mesh must be physically pulled up into the slab after concrete placement. The contractor
should take extra measures to provide proper mesh placement. Prior to construction of slabs,
the subgrade should be moisture conditioned to at least optimum moisture content and
compacted to at least 90 percent relative compaction. All concrete slabs should be provided
with adequate construction joints and/or expansion joints to control unsightly shrinkage
cracking.
7.0 Drainage
7.1 Adequate drainage is critical to the future performance of the project. Infiltration of irrigation
excess and storm runoff into the supporting soils can adversely affect the performance of the
planned improvements. Positive site drainage should be provided away from pavement and
the tops of slopes to swales or other controlled drainage structures. Pavement areas should be
fine graded such that water is not allowed to pond.
Project No. 07394-42.03 -8- May 1, 2009
Should you have questions regarding this report, or if we may be of further service, please contact the
undersigned at your convenience.
Very truly yours,
GEOCON INCORPORATED
n
G2201
RCE 56468
GWC:RCM:dmc
Rod9ef M ikesell
GE3
(3) Addressee
(2) Alidade Engineering
Attention: Mr. Larry Dutton
No.0056488
€xpO&3W09
Ptject No. 07394-42-03 -9- May 1, 2009
GROUND SUACE
2.0
I
CONCRETE LINE
DRAINAGE orrcti
PROPOSED
RETAINING WALL
GROUND SURFACE
213 H
MRAF1 140 FLTER
FABRIC OR EOUNAL4T
CtEAN. FREE DRAINING
301* CRUSHED GRAVEL
FOOTING t C D. PERPORA1ED PVC
PIPE MIN. ItZ% FALL TO
Rpm WCUflET
NOTES:
I_...PRABRICATW DRAINAGE PANELS SUCH AS MIRADRAIN 7000 OR EQUWALDIT.
MAYBE USED 01 UW OF PLACING GRAVEL TO HEIGHT OF 213 THE TOTAL WALL HEIGHT
2.-...DRAIN SHOULD BE LIl1FOALY SLOPED AND MUST LEAD TO A POSITIVE GRAVITY OUTLET
1-...TEMPORARY EXCAVATION SLOPES SHOULD BE CONSTRUCTED ANOOR SHORED VI
ACCORDANCE WITH CAL-OSHA REGULATIONS
I RETAINING WAIL DRAIN DETAIL I
GE000N
INCORPORATED W CARLSBAD RESEARCH CENTER LOT 45
CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA GEOT1CALCOPJLTAN1S
6960 P.AP1)S DiVE- SAN DGO, CALifORNIA 92fl1- 2974
PHOtE 858 558-6900-FAX 858 558-6159
GCIRA DSKIG1YPO DATE 05-01-2009 IPROJECTNo. 07394-42-03 FIO.2