HomeMy WebLinkAbout2023-03-07; City Council; Resolution 2023-074RESOLUTION NO. 2023-0 7 4
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CARLSBAD,
CALIFORNIA, ADOPTING A UTILITIES RESERVE POLICY FOR THE
WASTEWATER ENTERPRISE FUND
WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of Carlsbad, California believes financial policies are
central to a strategic, long-term approach to financial management; and
WHEREAS, the City Council desires to establish a Utilities Reserve Policy for the wastewater
enterprise fund to further support the city's other financial management policies; and
WHEREAS, the Policy, as it applies to potable water and recycled water enterprise funds, was
approved by the Board of Directors of the Carlsbad Municipal Water District of the City of Carlsbad on
March 7, 2023 by Resolution No. 1700; and
WHEREAS, the Utilities Reserve Policy will inform the future cost-of-service studies, rate setting,
and budgetary decisions for the wastewater enterprise fund.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Carlsbad, California, as
follows:
1.That the above recitations are true and correct.
2.That the City Council adopts the Utilities Reserve Policy provided in Attachment A.
PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED at a Joint Meeting of the City Council of the City of Carlsbad
and the Board of Directors of the Carlsbad Municipal Water District of the City of Carlsbad on the 7th
day of March, 2023, by the following vote, to wit:
AYES:
NAYS:
ABSTAIN:
ABSENT:
Blackburn, Bhat-Patel, Acosta, Burkholder, Luna.
None.
None.
None.
KEITH BLACKBURN, Mayor
�
SHERRY FREISINGER, City Clerk
(SEAL)
Policy No.
Date Issued
Resolution No.
Subject: Utilities Reserve Policy
Purpose
The Utilities Reserve Policy is designed to establish guidelines to ensure the fiscal stability of
the potable water, recycled water and wastewater funds and provide guidance to staff in the
management of each utility’s finances.1
Background
Properly designed utility reserve policies send a positive signal to ratepayers, investors and
regulatory and credit rating agencies that the city and the Carlsbad Municipal Water District, or
CMWD, are committed to maintaining long-lasting fiscal strength. Strong and transparent
financial policies, including maintaining prudent reserves for emergencies, rate stability,
working capital and capital improvement program, or CIP, projects, are consistent with best
practices in the utility industry and are important to the city and the CMWD as it helps to:
•Maintain the short-term and long-term financial health of each system’s utility
•Maintain stable rates for customers and help ensure manageable rate increases
•Fund unanticipated cost contingencies
•Ensure funds exist for system improvements
•Ensure cash exists for the timely payment of bills
•Act as a significant positive credit factor in bond and other credit ratings
Reserve policies typically consist of multiple components set based on operational, capital and
financial metrics. The sum of the component reserves should meet the overall reserve goal,
typically between 180 and 365 days of operating costs. The appropriate target for days of cash
on hand is unique to any utility and should reflect its specific finances, physical system and
risks.
Based on the Standard and Poor’s 2021 Sector Summary for Municipal Water and Wastewater
Utilities, agencies with ratings of BBB+ and above held average cash on hand at a minimum of
approximately 200 days.
Statement of policy
SECTION 1: MINIMUM AND TARGET RESERVES
Each utility should have sufficient unrestricted, undesignated reserves to maintain or improve
its credit ratings, ensure that operating and maintenance costs will be paid in a timely manner,
pay debt service obligations, and invest in needed capital improvements and equipment
1 The policy, as it applies to potable water and recycled water funds, was approved by the Board of
Directors of Carlsbad Municipal Water District of the City of Carlsbad on [date] by Resolution No. [number].
Attachment A
City Council
POLICY STATEMENT
Utilities Reserve Policy
Jan. 24, 2023
Page 2
replacement on a timely basis. In addition, each system utility should maintain sufficient
reserves to minimize rate increases due to market volatility, weather impacts on demands,
emergencies (such as natural disasters), and regulatory changes. The table below summarizes
the desired reserve levels for each category
Table 1 Minimum and Target Reserves
SECTION 2: OPERATING (WORKING CAPITAL)
The operating or working capital reserve component provides a source of funds to manage
normal monthly changes in revenues or expenses. It ensures sufficient resources to pay
budgeted operating and maintenance expenses, including power supply costs, recognizing the
timing differences between payment of expenditures and receipt of revenues. Minimum and
target levels for the operating reserve component are set based on operating costs, specifically
a number of days’ worth of operating and maintenance expenses as described below.
Minimum Level
Potable Water and Recycled Water: Equal to 90 days of operating and maintenance expenses
based on the most recent adopted budget.
Wastewater: Equal to 90 days of operating and maintenance expenses based on the most
recent adopted budget.
Target Level
Potable Water and Recycled Water: Equal to 120 days of operating and maintenance expenses
based on the most recent adopted budget.
Wastewater: Equal to 120 days of operating and maintenance expenses based on the most
recent adopted budget.
PROPOSED MINIMUM AND TARGET RESERVES
Reserve
metric
Operating
(working
capital)
Days of
operating
costs
Debt service
Percent of
annual debt
service
Potable water and recycled water
M inimum 90 100%
Target 120 100%
Wastewater
Minimum 90 100%
Target 120 100%
Capital
construction
5-year average
Percent of 5-year
rolling average of
annual spending
on capital
improvement
projects
50%
100%
25%
50%
Emergency
capital
Percent of
system
replacement
value
0.5%
1%
0.5%
1%
Rate
stabilization
fund
Percent of
rate
revenues
10%
20%
5%
10%
Utilities Reserve Policy
Jan. 24, 2023
Page 3
Events or Conditions Prompting Use of the Operating Component
The operating reserve component may be routinely used to cover temporary cash flow
deficiencies caused by timing differences between receipt of revenues and incurring expense
obligations and unexpected increases in operating expenses or decreases in revenues.
SECTION 3: DEBT SERVICE
The debt service reserve component ensures ability to make debt service payments in an
extreme event that may impact the ability to provide services, thus impacting revenues at a
time critical infrastructure repairs are needed to restore systems. The debt service reserve is
intended to prevent an event in which the city and/or the CMWD would be unable to pay its
debt service obligations during such emergencies, or extreme market disruptions. The
minimum and target levels for the debt service reserve are set based on a percentage of the
amount of debt service to be paid in a given fiscal year. Due to the strong negative implications
of missed debt service payments, both the minimum and target levels are equal to 100% of the
maximum annual debt service in the current fiscal year.
Minimum Level
Potable Water and Recycled Water: 100% of the maximum annual debt service payment in the
current fiscal year.
Wastewater: 100% of the maximum annual debt service payment in the current fiscal year.
Target Level
Potable Water and Recycled Water: 100% of the maximum annual debt service payment in the
current fiscal year.
Wastewater: 100% of the maximum annual debt service payment in the current fiscal year.
Events or Conditions Prompting Use of the Debt Service Component
The debt service reserve may be utilized in the event that one of the utilities is otherwise
unable to pay its debt service obligations. It is not anticipated that the city and/or the CMWD
would ever utilize these reserves absent a significant disaster or extreme market disruption.
SECTION 4: CAPITAL CONSTRUCTION
The capital construction reserve component provides funds to ensure continuity of
construction over fiscal years as well as a source of funds to complete in-progress projects in
the event that their intended funding source becomes unavailable during the course of
construction. The capital construction reserve is set as a percentage of the forward-looking five-
year rolling average Utilities Department and CMWD CIP budget.
The capital construction minimum and target levels for wastewater are inclusive of the city’s
Encina Wastewater Authority (EWA) costs as EWA does not plan to hold reserves internally.
EWA provides wastewater treatment for the City of Carlsbad and operates the Carlsbad Water
Recycling Facility. Due to the proportionally higher CIP costs for the wastewater fund (as
compared to the potable water and recycled water funds), a lower percentage minimum and
target values are used for wastewater. This helps to keep the overall reserve target in
alignment with the Policy goals as well as to avoid undue pressure on wastewater rates.
Utilities Reserve Policy
Jan. 24, 2023
Page 4
Minimum Level
Potable Water and Recycled Water: 50% of the projected five-year rolling average annual
CMWD CIP expenditures for the potable water utility or recycled water utility.
Wastewater: 25% of the projected five-year rolling average annual Utilities Department CIP
expenditures for the wastewater utility.
Target Level
Potable Water and Recycled Water: 100% of the projected five-year rolling average annual
CMWD CIP expenditures for the potable water utility or recycled water utility.
Wastewater: 50% of the projected five-year rolling average annual Utilities Department CIP
expenditures for the wastewater utility.
Events or Conditions Prompting Use of the Capital Construction Component
The capital construction reserve component may be used to fund capital expenditures during
the year as funding resources are acquired (e.g., bond proceeds, capital contributions,
revenues, etc.) or to fund projects in the event that their intended funding source is no longer
available.
SECTION 5: EMERGENCY CAPITAL
The emergency capital reserve component provides funds to ensure ability to repair the system
after an emergency or natural disaster such as a flood or an earthquake. It is set based on a
percentage of the estimated replacement value of each utility’s system. The replacement
values used for this analysis are determined by adjusting the original cost of each utility’s assets
(from the city and the CMWD’s fixed asset records) to current fiscal year dollars using the
regional Engineering News-Record Construction Cost Index.
While an annual evaluation of the system replacement value is not necessary for setting the
minimum and target reserve levels, the replacement value should be adjusted annually
(between evaluations) to account for cost inflation.
Minimum Level
Potable Water and Recycled Water: Equivalent to 0.5% of the replacement value of
depreciable capital assets for the potable and recycled water systems. Based on the 2019 Asset
Management Plan, the replacement value of the potable water system is currently estimated at
$1.5 billion, yielding a minimum reserve balance of $7.5 million, and the replacement value of
the recycled water system is currently estimated at $346 million, yielding a minimum reserve
balance of $1.7 million.
Wastewater: Equivalent to 0.5% of the replacement value of depreciable capital assets for the
wastewater system. Based on the 2019 Asset Management Plan, the replacement value of the
wastewater system is currently estimated at $780 million, yielding a minimum reserve balance
of $3.9 million.
Utilities Reserve Policy
Jan. 24, 2023
Page 5
Target Level
Potable Water and Recycled Water: Equivalent to 1% of the replacement value of depreciable
capital assets for the potable and recycled water systems. Based on the 2019 Asset
Management Plan, the replacement value of the potable water system is currently estimated at
$1.5 billion, yielding a minimum reserve balance of $15.0 million, and the replacement value of
the recycled water system is currently estimated at $346 million, yielding a target reserve
balance of $3.5 million.
Wastewater: Equivalent to 1% of the replacement value of depreciable capital assets for the
wastewater system. Based on the 2019 Asset Management Plan, the replacement value of the
wastewater system is currently estimated at $780 million, yielding a target reserve balance of
$7.8 million.
Events or Conditions Prompting Use of the Emergency Capital Component
The emergency capital reserve component may be used in an emergency event requiring the
need to fund necessary capital expenditures (e.g., natural disaster causing significant damage to
the distribution or collections system).
SECTION 6: RATE STABILIZATION
The rate stabilization reserve component provides a source of funds to smooth rates or avoid
rate increases in the event of short- or mid-term disruptions to revenues such as drought-
related demand reductions. The minimum and target levels are set based on a percentage of
expected user rate revenues. The selected percentages reflect the revenue risk associated with
potential decreases in water demands. The potential demand decreases assumed for each
reserve level are informed by an analysis of customer usage data and the CMWD drought
response plan.
Minimum Level
The percentage assumptions for the minimum levels are set to provide sufficient reserve funds
to cover a demand reduction of approximately 15%, which is the average of the conservation
targets for drought response levels 1 and 2 as described in the Drought Response Plan. Because
a greater share of wastewater revenue is generated through fixed charges, they are less
sensitive to changes in demands; therefore, the percentage for wastewater is lower than for
potable water and recycled water.
Utilities Reserve Policy
Jan. 24, 2023
Page 6
Potable Water and Recycled Water: Equal to 10% of budgeted rate revenues in each fiscal
year.
Wastewater: Equal to 5% of budgeted rate revenues in each fiscal year.
Target Level
The percentage assumptions for the minimum levels are set to provide sufficient reserve funds
to cover a demand reduction of approximately 30%, which is the average of the conservation
targets for drought response levels 2 and 3 as described in the Drought Response Plan. That
reduction would reflect usage roughly equivalent to the average usage in the three lowest
demand months of the year. Because a greater share of wastewater revenues is generated
through fixed charges, they are less sensitive to changes in demands; therefore, the percentage
for wastewater is lower than for potable water and recycled water.
Potable Water and Recycled Water: Equal to 20% of budgeted rate revenues in each fiscal
year.
Wastewater: Equal to 10% of budgeted rate revenues in each fiscal year.
Events or Conditions Prompting Use of the Reserve
The rate stabilization reserve component may be used to cover unexpected changes in
operating revenues and changes in operating costs to reduce year-over-year volatility in needed
rate increases.
Procedure
SECTION 1: USE AND REPLENISHMENT OF RESERVES
The city or the CMWD’s potable water, recycled water and wastewater utilities will treat
the minimum reserve levels as practical reserve floors and allow reserves to increase or
decrease as necessary within the minimum and target levels prescribed above.
To the extent that unrestricted, undesignated reserves are above the minimum level
and below the target level, the utility has the flexibility to utilize those available funds to
pay for capital projects (reducing the need for future debt), pay down unfunded
liabilities such as pension obligations, decrease outstanding debt or fund other strategic
objectives. No other action would be required if reserves are between the minimum and
target levels unless directed by the City Council or the CMWD Board.
If reserve funds exceed the target level, the utility would seek the City Council or the
CMWD Board’s approval to use the excess to finance capital improvements on a pay-as-
you-go basis, pay down existing debt, offset other long-term liabilities such as pension
obligations, reduce rates or for other strategic purposes.
Reserve levels below the minimum targeted reserves would leave the city and/or the
CMWD exposed to significant operational risks. Should a utility draw down reserves
below the minimum levels, it will implement plans to return reserves to their minimum
levels within a set timeframe. Such plans will be provided to the City Council and/or the
CMWD Board for approval within 12 months of occurrence.
Utilities Reserve Policy
Jan. 24, 2023
Page 7
SECTION 2: REPORTING AND OVERSIGHT
Reserve levels will be monitored during the fiscal year and reported in annual financial reports
and/or presentations. Reserve minimum and target levels will be analyzed annually, and an
over/under reserve determination shall be made in conjunction with year-end financial results.
These results will be reported to the City Council and the CMWD Board as part of the year-end
financial report presentation. Should unrestricted designated or undesignated reserve levels
need adjustment due to new risk factors or due to changes in the industry, these will be
brought to the City Council and the CMWD Board as part of the year-end report.
The Policy will be reviewed annually and updated (at a minimum once every three years) if
there are material changes in the risk exposures or new conditions that require changes in
reserve levels.