HomeMy WebLinkAbout2023-04-18; City Council; ; 2022 Annual Racial Identity Profiling Act Report - AB 953: Racial and Identity Profiling ActCA Review ___AF___
Meeting Date:
To:
From:
Staff Contact:
Subject:
District:
April 18, 2023
Mayor and City Council
Scott Chadwick, City Manager
Mickey Williams, Chief of Police
mickey.williams@carlsbadca.gov, 442-339-2130
Eric Kovanda, Police Lieutenant
eric.kovanda@carlsbadca.gov, 442-339-2146
2022 Annual Racial Identity Profiling Act Report - AB 953: Racial
and Identity Profiling Act
All
Recommended Action
Receive an informational report from the Police Department regarding the 2022 Annual Racial
and Identity Profiling Act Report in accordance with AB 953: Racial and Identity Profiling Act.
Executive Summary
California’s Racial and Identity Profiling Act, known as RIPA, (Assembly Bill AB 953, 2015)
requires law enforcement agencies in the state to collect perceived demographic data from
specified police contacts with the public, that is, the demographic data the officers perceive of
the people they encounter in these contacts.
Law enforcement agencies that employ 1,000 or more officers were required to issue their first
annual report by April 1, 2019. The Carlsbad Police Department, as an agency that employs
fewer than 334 peace officers, was required to issue its first annual RIPA report by April 1, 2023.
The Carlsbad Police Department’s 2022 Annual RIPA Report, attached as Exhibit 1, represents
the data required by the law covering the period from Jan. 1, 2022, to Dec. 31, 2022. The report
includes graphs and charts to visually display the data required by this state law. Custom
questions added to our data collection on April 1, 2022, allow this report to include more
information about:
•Whether the person stopped was a resident or non-resident of Carlsbad
•Race perception for stops involving residents of Carlsbad compared with 2020 SANDAG
race estimates for Carlsbad
•Race perception for stops involving non-residents of Carlsbad compared with 2020 San
Diego Association of Governments’ race estimates for San Diego County
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 1 of 30
This report also includes analysis of officers’ perception of the race of people they encountered
in stops occurring during daylight or during dark hours of night for stops involving residents of
Carlsbad compared with 2020 SANDAG race estimates for Carlsbad, and for all stops compared
with the 2020 SANDAG race estimates for San Diego County. The additional information
gathered is not required for this report by law, but has been included for context and
transparency.
While RIPA does not require the City Council’s review or approval of the annual report, the
Police Department is presenting the report to the City Council in keeping with its commitment
to sharing information with the City Council and the community.
Explanation & Analysis
As outlined by the California Code of Regulations (11 CCR Section 999.224), the data required
by RIPA must be collected during police contacts matching either of the following criteria:
1) Any detention, as defined above in these regulations, by a peace officer of a
person; or
2) Any peace officer interaction with a person in which the officer conducts a
search, as defined in these regulations.
It should be noted that, although the law uses the term “stop” for each contact, the RIPA data
requirement does not only apply to officer-initiated activity such as traffic stops and may apply
to other police contacts, such as certain calls for service in which a person may be detained.
Specified data fields for each RIPA stop must be completed at the end of every qualifying
contact, and certain data collected is based on the officer’s perception. Therefore, it is
important to note that the way an officer perceives any given individual might differ from the
way that individual identifies themselves.
The Carlsbad Police Department’s Annual Racial and Identity Profiling Act Report seeks to
provide the public with a transparent overview of the Carlsbad Police Department’s RIPA stop
data gathered between Jan. 1, 2022, and Dec. 31, 2022. The report will be published online for
public review as we continuously endeavor to foster and maintain strong community relations.
Fiscal Analysis
There is no fiscal impact in receiving this departmental report.
Next Steps
The Police Department will continue to gather stop data in compliance with AB 953: Racial and
Identity Profiling Act, and will produce annual reports for public review. City Council will receive
the 2022 Annual Racial and Identity Profiling Act Report. No further City Council action is
required.
Environmental Evaluation
This action does not require environmental review because it does not constitute a project
within the meaning of the California Environmental Quality Act under California Public
Resources Code Section 21065 in that it has no potential to cause either a direct physical
change or a reasonably foreseeable indirect physical change in the environment.
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 2 of 30
Exhibits
1. 2022 Annual Racial and Identity Profiling Act Report
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 3 of 30
CARLSBAD POLICE
DEPARTMENT
AB 953: Racial and Identity Profiling Act
(RIPA) Report
2022 | ANNUAL RIPA REPORT
Exhibit 1
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 4 of 30
Police Department
Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
1 | Page
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... 2
OVERALL STATISTICAL REVIEW .......................................................................................................................... 4
SANDAG 2020 RACIAL DEMOGRAPHICS ............................................................................................................. 5
CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA ................................................................................................................................... 5
STOPS BY CATEGORY ............................................................................................................................................ 6
PERCEIVED RACE ................................................................................................................................................ 6
PERCEIVED GENDER ........................................................................................................................................... 7
PERCEIVED LGBT ................................................................................................................................................ 7
PERCEIVED AGE .................................................................................................................................................. 8
KNOWN OR PERCEIVED DISABILITY ................................................................................................................. 9
PERCEIVED LIMITED ENGLISH SPEAKING ..................................................................................................... 10
REASON FOR STOP .............................................................................................................................................. 11
ACTIONS TAKEN DURING THE STOP ................................................................................................................. 12
ACTIONS TAKEN – ALL STOPS ........................................................................................................................ 12
ACTIONS TAKEN – OFFICER-INTIATED STOPS .............................................................................................. 13
ACTIONS TAKEN – CALLS FOR SERVICE ....................................................................................................... 14
RESULT OF STOP .................................................................................................................................................. 15
OVERALL RESULT OF THE STOP ..................................................................................................................... 15
RESULT OF THE STOP BY RACE ...................................................................................................................... 16
CALL-FOR-SERVICE VS. OFFICER INITIATED ................................................................................................... 17
PERCEIVED RACE – CALLS FOR SERVICE ..................................................................................................... 17
PERCEIVED RACE – OFFICER-INITIATED ....................................................................................................... 18
CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................................... 19
CARLSBAD POLICY 402 ........................................................................................................................................ 20
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 5 of 30
{city of
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Police Department
Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
In 2015, the State of California passed Assembly Bill No. 953 (AB 953), otherwise known as the Racial and Identity
Profiling Act (RIPA). AB 953, hereafter referred to simply as RIPA, requires that law enforcement agencies in the state of
California collect perceived demographic data from specified police contacts.
Beginning July 1, 2018, law enforcement agencies began collecting stop data and reporting the information to the DOJ.
The first annual report was due April 2018, for data collection from the previous year. However, not all agencies were
required to begin reporting the first year. Reporting requirements are as follows:
• An agency that employs 1,000 or more peace officers to issue its first annual report by April 1, 2019.
• An agency that employs 667 or more but less than 1,000 peace officers to issue its first annual report by April 1, 2020.
• An agency that employs 334 or more but less than 667 peace officers to issue its first annual report by April 1, 2022.
• An agency that employs one or more but less than 334 peace officers to issue its first annual report by April 1, 2023.
Therefore, the Carlsbad Police Department was required to start collecting RIPA stop data on January 1, 2022 and was
required to produce our first annual report by April 1, 2023.
As outlined by the California Code of Regulations (11 CCR § 999.224), RIPA stop data must be collected during police
contacts matching either of the following criteria: “(1) Any detention, as defined above in these regulations, by a peace
officer of a person; or (2) any peace officer interaction with a person in which the officer conducts a search, as defined in
these regulations.” It should be noted that, although titled “stop,” the RIPA data stop requirement does not only apply
to officer-initiated activity such as a traffic stop and can be triggered at any point during any police contact such as calls
for service. Further explanation of legal standards concerning a temporary “detention” or “stop” is provided below:
Per Cal. Code Regs. tit. 11 § 999.224, "Detention," unless otherwise provided in these regulations, means a
seizure of a person by an officer that results from physical restraint, unequivocal verbal commands, or words or
conduct by an officer that would result in a reasonable person believing that he or she is not free to leave or
otherwise disregard the officer.
A valid “detention” is when an officer has “reasonable suspicion” that: (1) something relating to criminal activity
has just happened, is happening, or is about to happen; and (2) the vehicle and/or the person to be detain
relates to that activity. “Reasonable suspicion” means articulable facts, together with rational inferences from
those facts, warranting an objective suspicion. A temporary “detention” or “stop” is an exertion of authority that
is something less than an arrest but more substantial than a simple "contact" or "consensual encounter." A
"consensual encounter" is a contact between an officer and an individual that is strictly voluntary.
RIPA requires that specified data fields for each RIPA stop must be completed at the end of every qualifying contact and
certain data collected is based solely on the officer’s perception. Consequently, it is important to note that the way an
officer perceives any given individual might differ from the way that individual identifies themselves.
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 6 of 30
{city of
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Police Department
Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
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As outlined in Penal Code Section 13519.4, this Act also established the Racial and Identity Profiling Advisory Board for
the purpose of eliminating racial and identity profiling, and improving diversity and racial and identity sensitivity in law
enforcement.
The Carlsbad Police Department is firmly committed to providing police services in a Constitutional and transparent
manner. Additionally, the Police Department has created policies and provides training to department members in
furtherance of this commitment. Lastly, the Police Department looks forward to providing the people of Carlsbad with a
transparent overview of each year’s RIPA data and utilizing that data to continuously foster strong community relations.
The following report has been compiled using Carlsbad Police Department’s RIPA stop data gathered between January 1,
2022, and December 31, 2022.
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 7 of 30
{city of
Carlsbad
Police Department
Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
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OVERALL STATISTICAL REVIEW
The information presented in this report is representative of the 2022 statistical data gathered from all RIPA stops
conducted by members of the Carlsbad Police Department. This report also presents population information gathered
by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) for reference.
As outlined by the California Code of Regulations (11 CCR § 999.224), RIPA stop data is based on the perceptions of the
officer most involved in the RIPA stop. The data collected is hereinafter referred to as “perceived” data.
Some of these perceived data elements include:
• Perceived Race or Ethnicity of Person Stopped
• Perceived Gender of Person Stopped
• Person Stopped Perceived to be LGBT
• Perceived Age of Person Stopped
• Person Stopped Has Limited or No English Fluency
• Perceived or Known Disability of Person Stopped
Once the conditions of RIPA are triggered, specific officer actions have been designated as being required data elements
and must be submitted by the officer most involved at the conclusion of each RIPA stop. Some of these actions include:
• Reason for stop
• Result of the stop
• Actions taken during the stop
RIPA stop data does not require consideration factors including but not limited to:
• Intelligence-led policing
• Examples: Crime trend analysis, license plate reader hits, crime intelligence bulletins with vehicle or
suspect descriptions, or other investigative information known by the officer prior to the stop.
• Commuter traffic
• Example: The City of Carlsbad alone employs approximately 1,250 people. Of 774 full-time employees,
77% do not reside in Carlsbad. Of 476 part-time employees, 63% do not reside in Carlsbad.
• Tourism
• In May of 2022, the Carlsbad Tourism Business Improvement District reported Carlsbad has 3.5 million
visitors annually.
The SANDAG 2020 RACIAL DEMOGRAPHICS for the City of Carlsbad were used as the basis for comparison in this report
for the following sections:
• STOPS BY CATEGORY - statistics related to perception data and the associated demographic breakdowns.
• REASON FOR STOP - statistics related to stop reason data and the associated demographic breakdowns.
• RESULT OF STOP - statistics related to stop result data and the associated demographic breakdowns.
• ACTIONS TAKEN DURING THE STOP - statistics related to actions taken by officers.
• We have also provided sections for data comparing CALLS FOR SERVICE VS. OFFICER INITIATED ACTIVITY.
Refer to the Appendix for Carlsbad Police Policy 402 concerning RIPA compliance.
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 8 of 30
{city of
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Police Department
Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
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SANDAG 2020 RACIAL DEMOGRAPHICS
CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA
The chart below depicts the SANDAG race percentage estimates for the City of Carlsbad.
For context, the total population estimate for Carlsbad provided by SANDAG was 114,463. SANDAG population
estimates for the City of Carlsbad by race were reported as follows: White (78,002), Hispanic/Latino(a) (21,499),
Black/African American (1,188), Asian (9,212), Other (249), Two or More Races (3,525), Pacific Islander (408), and Native
American (308).
0.22%
0.33%
0.36%
1.04%
3.08%
8.05%
18.78%
68.15%
Other
Native American
Pacific Islander
Black/African American
Two or More Races
Asian
Hispanic/Latino(a)
White
0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%70.00%80.00%
SANDAG Carlsbad Race 2020 Percentage Estimate
SANDAG Race Percentage
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 9 of 30
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Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
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STOPS BY CATEGORY
PERCEIVED RACE
The chart below depicts stop data collected by the Carlsbad Police Department during 2022. The chart represents the
perceived race percentage of all people reported to be involved in a stop compared with the SANDAG race percentage
estimates for the City of Carlsbad.
For context, 9,367 people were reported to be involved in 8,729 stops. The total population estimate for Carlsbad
provided by SANDAG was 114,463 with the following race estimates: White (78,002), Hispanic/Latino(a) (21,499),
Black/African American (1,188), Asian (9,212), Other (249), Two or More Races (3,525), Pacific Islander (408), and Native
American (308).
Source: SANDAG
Note: The Stop Data race categories were converted to match the SANDAG race categories for comparison purposes. In the RIPA requirements, multiple races could be selected for each person stopped, these individuals are counted in the two or more races category. Also, Middle Eastern or South Asian perceptions were counted in the “Other” category to match the SANDAG estimates. The 2020 SANDAG census is scheduled to be published in August of 2023.
For additional information see Government Code Section 12525.5; 11 CCR §999.226(a)(4)
6, 0.06%
69, 0.74%
73, 0.78%
243, 2.59%
313, 3.34%
578, 6.17%
2386, 25.47%
5699, 60.84%
0.33%
0.36%
3.08%
0.22%
8.05%
1.04%
18.78%
68.15%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%
Native American
Pacific Islander
Two or More Races
Other
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latino(a)
White
All People Stopped-Perceived Race Vs.
2020 SANDAG Carlsbad Race Estimate %
SANDAG 2020 Carlsbad Race % Estimate Officers' Perceived Race
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 10 of 30
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Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
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PERCEIVED GENDER
According to the SANDAG data, (cisgender) females account for 50.45% of the Carlsbad population. Of all the people
stopped, officers perceived the gender of the person stopped to be (cisgender) male 66.73% of the time.
Note: Cisgender is listed in parenthesis because the term is not used in the SANDAG 2020 gender estimates.
PERCEIVED LGBT
Per RIPA requirements, one gender element must be selected; however, one gender along with gender non-conforming
can both be selected in a single entry.1 When either transgender or gender non-conforming is selected, LGBT is
automatically selected for PERCEIVED LGBT.2
According to the data, 0.14%, or less than 1% of total stopped persons were perceived as LGBT.
1 For additional information see Government Code Section 12525.5; 11 CCR §999.226(a)(5)
2 For additional information see Government Code Section 12525.5; 11 CCR §999.226(a)(6)
6251, 66.73%
3102, 33.12%
6, 0.06%4, 0.04%4, 0.04%0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
Cisgender/Male Cisgender/Female Trans Woman/Girl Trans Man/Boy Gender Nonconforming
All People Stopped-Gender Perception
Total
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 11 of 30
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Police Department
Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
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PERCEIVED AGE
People perceived to be in the age ranges of 20-29, 20-29, and 40-49 had the highest variance between the SANDAG
population estimates and the percentage of people stopped. This accounted for 68.47% of the people stopped.
23, 0.25%
905, 9.66%
2350, 25.09%
2357, 25.16%
1707, 18.22%
1190, 12.70%
618, 6.60%
169, 1.80%
48, 0.51%
12.81%
11.51%
12.97%
15.41%
12.43%
12.87%
11.22%
6.71%
4.06%
0%5%10%15%20%25%30%
Under 10
10-19
20-29
30 to 39
40 to 49
50 to 59
60 to 69
70 to 79
80+
All People Stopped-Perceived Age
Vs. 2020 SANDAG Carlsbad Age Estimate %
SANDAG Age %Officers' Perceived Age Stop %
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 12 of 30
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KNOWN OR PERCEIVED DISABILITY
Approximately 0.85% (Less than 1 percent) of total stopped persons were perceived or known to have at least one
disability.
Per RIPA requirements, multiple perceived disabilities could be selected for each stopped person. These perceived
disabilities can include but are not limited to vision impairments, hearing impairments, mental health conditions, speech
issues, and intellectual or developmental disabilities, etc.3
3 For additional information see Government Code Section 12525.5; 11 CCR §999.226(a)(9)
1 4 6
1 1
1
48
22
1
84 Disabilities Perceived From 80 People
including dementia
Blind or limited vision
Deafness or difficulty hearing
Disability related to hyperactivity or impulsive behavior
Intellectual or developmental disability
Intellectual or developmental disability including dementia
Mental health condition
Other disability
Speech impairment or limited use of language
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 13 of 30
{city of
Carlsbad
Police Department
Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
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PERCEIVED LIMITED ENGLISH SPEAKING
84 individuals, which is about 0.9% (Less than 1 Percent) of the total stopped persons were perceived to have limited or
no fluency in English.
9283, 99.10%
84, 0.90%
People Stopped Perceived with Limited English
No
Yes
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 14 of 30
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{city of
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Police Department
Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
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REASON FOR STOP
Of the 8729 stops made, the most frequently reported reason for a stop was, in descending order, Traffic Violations
80.85% (7,057), followed by Reasonable Suspicion 15.28% (1,334), Consensual Encounter with Search 2.53% (221), and
Parole/Probation/PCRS .72% (63).
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 15 of 30
Reason for Stop
Traffic Violation
Reasonable Suspicion 15.28%, 1334
Consensual Encounter resulting in a search I 2.53%, 221
Known to be on Parole/ Probation/ PRCS / Mandatory Supervision I O. 72%, 63
Knowledge of outstanding arrest warrant/wanted person I 0.56%, 49
Investigation to determine whether the person was truant 0.05%, 4
Determine whet her the student violated school policy (Schools Only) 0.01%, 1
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000
{city of
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80.85%, 7057
■Total
7000 8000
Police Department
Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
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ACTIONS TAKEN DURING THE STOP
ACTIONS TAKEN – ALL STOPS
Per RIPA requirements, multiple actions can be selected for each stopped person.
A total of 12,484 actions were taken during all 8,729 stops involving 9,367 people. Officers reported no action was taken
54.17% (6,763) of the time. The chart below depicts the actions taken as a percentage of all 12,484 actions taken during
all stops.
For additional information see Government Code Section 12525.5; 11 CCR §999.226(a)(12)
1, 0.01%
4, 0.03%
6, 0.05%
15, 0.12%
20, 0.16%
28, 0.22%
72, 0.58%
76, 0.61%
91, 0.73%
215, 1.72%
234, 1.87%
237, 1.90%
241, 1.93%
516, 4.13%
590, 4.73%
603, 4.83%
746, 5.98%
824, 6.60%
1202, 9.63%
6763, 54.17%
0.00%10.00%20.00%30.00%40.00%50.00%60.00%
Electronic control device used
Admission or written statement obtained from student
Canine removed from vehicle or used to search
Physical or Vehicle contact
Person removed from vehicle by physical contact
Firearm pointed at person
Vehicle impounded
Person photographed
Other physical or vehicle contact
Property was seized
Asked for consent to search property
Field sobriety test conducted
Asked for consent to search person
Person removed from vehicle by order
Search of property was conducted
Patrol car detention
Search of person was conducted
Handcuffed or flex cuffed
Curbside detention
No Action Taken
Actions Taken-All Stops
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 16 of 30
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{city of
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Police Department
Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
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ACTIONS TAKEN – OFFICER-INTIATED STOPS
Officer-initiated stops occur when an officer makes a stop based on their own observations. Examples would be an
officer stopping a vehicle after the officer observes the vehicle commit a traffic violation, or an officer stopping a person
after the officer observes the person commit a violation of law. A total of 10,138 actions were taken during officer-
initiated stops. Multiple actions could be selected per person stopped.
3, 0.03%
3, 0.03%
12, 0.12%
12, 0.12%
14, 0.14%
31, 0.31%
42, 0.41%
79, 0.78%
141, 1.39%
167, 1.65%
170, 1.68%
178, 1.76%
303, 2.99%
381, 3.76%
405, 3.99%
414, 4.08%
420, 4.14%
792, 7.81%
6571, 64.82%
0.00%20.00%40.00%60.00%80.00%
Canine removed from vehicle or used to search
Admission or written statement obtained from…
Firearm pointed at person
Physical or Vehicle contact
Person removed from vehicle by physical contact
Person photographed
Vehicle impounded
Other physical or vehicle contact
Property was seized
Asked for consent to search person
Field sobriety test conducted
Asked for consent to search property
Patrol car detention
Handcuffed or flex cuffed
Search of property was conducted
Person removed from vehicle by order
Search of person was conducted
Curbside detention
No Action Taken
Actions Taken-Officer Intiated Stops
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 17 of 30
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{city of
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Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
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ACTIONS TAKEN – CALLS FOR SERVICE
A call for service occurs when a member of the public contacts the police department to report an emergency, an
incident, or other issue of concern that they believe is a matter for the police to address. Examples would be a citizen
calling the police to report a crime in progress, reporting a traffic collision, or to report suspicious activity. A total of
2,346 actions were taken when officers responded to calls for service. Multiple actions could be selected per person
stopped.
1, 0.04%
1, 0.04%
3, 0.13%
3, 0.13%
6, 0.26%
12, 0.51%
16, 0.68%
30, 1.28%
45, 1.92%
56, 2.39%
67, 2.86%
74, 3.15%
74, 3.15%
102, 4.35%
185, 7.89%
192, 8.18%
300, 12.79%
326, 13.90%
410, 17.48%
443, 18.88%
0.00%5.00%10.00%15.00%20.00%
Electronic control device used
Admission or written statement obtained from student
Physical or Vehicle contact
Canine removed from vehicle or used to search
Person removed from vehicle by physical contact
Other physical or vehicle contact
Firearm pointed at person
Vehicle impounded
Person photographed
Asked for consent to search property
Field sobriety test conducted
Asked for consent to search person
Property was seized
Person removed from vehicle by order
Search of property was conducted
No Action Taken
Patrol car detention
Search of person was conducted
Curbside detention
Handcuffed or flex cuffed
ActionsTaken-Call For Service Stops
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 18 of 30
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{city of
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Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
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RESULT OF STOP
OVERALL RESULT OF THE STOP
Multiple outcomes could be selected for each person stopped. Overall, approximately 56% (5,232) of total stopped
persons were met with a Warning or No Action. Multiple outcomes could be selected for each person stopped.
Note: There was one (1) record submitted to DOJ indicating that the U.S. Department of Homeland Security was contacted. This record was researched and found to be an
error made by the officer entering the RIPA data. The U.S. Department of Homeland Security was not contacted.
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 19 of 30
2022 Results of Stops
■ Warning (verbal or written)
■ Citation for Infraction
■ No Action
■ Custodial Arrest without warrant
■ In-field cite and release
{city of
Carlsbad
■ Psychiatric hold (Welfare & Institutions Code sections 5150 and/0< 5585.20)
■ Field Interview card completed
■ Custodial Arrest pursuant to outstanding warrant
■ Psychiatric hold
■ Contacted parent/legal guardian
■ Noncriminal transport or caretaking transport (including transport by officer
ambulance or another agency)
■ Noncriminal transport or caretaking transport
■ Referral to school administrator
■ Contacted U.S. Department of Homeland Security
Police Department
Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
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RESULT OF THE STOP BY RACE
There can be multiple results for each person stopped.
For additional information see Government Code Section 12525.5; 11 CCR §999.226(a)(13)
April 18, 2023 Item #13 Page 20 of 30
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
424
It of Stops-Compare Resu d By Race
,,1327 2.40 151 2
177 • -79 66
9
7
26 37 35-69 57 17 . 16 .. 13 .. 17 ..
12 •12 • 7 .. 4 .. 1 .. 2 ..
13 _7 _8 _5 _ -1 -
28 30 6 -----39 4P18 4P -..lr .J.. ~ Ji..
.. 4P .. ..lr Jr ~ ~~~
29
5 .. -2 -1 -
{city of
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■ Native American
■ Pacific Islander
■ Two or More Races
■Asian
■ Other
■Black/African American
■ Hispanic/ Latino(a)
■White
Police Department
Police Administration 2560 Orion Way, Carlsbad CA 92010 760-931-2100
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CALL-FOR-SERVICE VS. OFFICER INITIATED
PERCEIVED RACE – CALLS FOR SERVICE
The following chart shows the officer’s perception of race for people stopped when officers responded to calls for
service compared against the 2020 SANDAG race estimate for Carlsbad.
2, 0.18%
7, 0.62%
13, 1.16%
17, 1.51%
17, 1.51%
96, 8.53%
237, 21.07%
736, 65.42%
0.33%
0.36%
3.08%
0.22%
8.05%
1.04%
18.78%
68.15%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%
Native American
Pacific Islander
Two or More Races
Other
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latino(a)
White
Call for Service People Stopped-Perceived Race Vs.
2020 SANDAG Carlsbad Race Estimate %
SANDAG 2020 Carlsbad Race % Estimate Officers' Perceived Race
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PERCEIVED RACE – OFFICER-INITIATED
The following chart shows the officer’s perception of race for people stopped when stops were officer-initiated
compared against the 2020 SANDAG race estimate for Carlsbad.
4, 0.05%
60, 0.73%
62, 0.75%
226, 2.74%
296, 3.59%
482, 5.85%
2149, 26.07%
4963, 60.22%
0.33%
3.08%
0.36%
0.22%
8.05%
1.04%
18.78%
68.15%
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%
Native American
Two or More Races
Pacific Islander
Other
Asian
Black/African American
Hispanic/Latino(a)
White
Officer Initiated People Stopped-Perceived Race Vs.
2020 SANDAG Carlsbad Race Estimate %
SANDAG 2020 Carlsbad Race % Estimate Officers' Perceived Race
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CONCLUSION
From January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022, Carlsbad Police Officers made 8,729 total RIPA stops involving 9,367
people.
The data collected for each RIPA stop is recorded as perceived by Carlsbad Police Officers and may not reflect the actual
race, age, or disability status of the person stopped. Officers are not permitted to ask individuals to self-identify for data
collection purposes.
Of these stops, approximately 80.85% were made for traffic violations, 15.28% for reasonable suspicion, 2.53% for
consensual encounters with a search, 0.72% for parole/probation/PCRS, and 0.56% or less for wanted/arrest warrants or
school related violations, e.g., truancy or education code/policy concerns.
The demographics reported by the SANDAG estimates used for comparison are not necessarily a direct reflection of the
demographics of Carlsbad on any given day. Some factors which account for this may include:
1) The data only accounts for actual residents and not tourists or visitors to the city.
2) Carlsbad boarders several other cities and the populations of these locations are known to traverse Carlsbad for
work, entertainment, shopping, dining, and/or various other activities.
3) Carlsbad contains a freeway, highway, NCTD railways, and the McClellan-Palomar Airport, all of which provide
access to and from the city for both local and long-distance visitors.
RIPA stop data does not account for intelligence-led policing in the process of an officer’s decision to make a stop.
Intelligence-led policing involves analysis of crime trend information, partnership with the community, and collaboration
among various law enforcement agencies with a focus of preventing victimization. It is designed to guide policing
activities toward high-frequency offenders, locations, or crimes to impact resource allocation decisions.
In closing, the Carlsbad Police Department is committed to adhering to the stipulations set forth by the RIPA statute. The
Department recognizes the importance of collecting and analyzing stop data and then using that data to make any
applicable proactive changes and improvements to maintain and advance community relations and trust. The Police
Department will continue to provide policing services to the community consistent with Constitutional policing best
practices.
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CARLSBAD POLICY 402
402.1 PURPOSE AND SCOPE
The Racial and Identity Profiling Act of 2015 (hereinafter referred to as RIPA), requires local law enforcement agencies to
collect perceived demographic and other detailed data regarding individuals detained or searched by peace officers. For
the purposes of this law, “peace officer” is as defined by Penal Code § 830 and 832. RIPA was passed into law and
codified in Government Code section 12525.5, Penal Code sections 13012 and 13519.4, and as part of Title 11, Division
1, Chapter 19, of the California Code of Regulations. This collected data is required to be submitted to the California
Department of Justice on a periodic basis.
It is the intent of the Department to gather and report the required data and no part of this policy should be
interpreted in a way to conflict with any currently existing law. The Department’s RIPA Stop
Data Collection Application may be modified as needed to maintain compliance with required data reporting.
Bias-based policing undermines legitimate law enforcement efforts and may lead to claims of civil rights violations. Bias-
based policing alienates the community, fosters community distrust of law enforcement, and invites media scrutiny,
legislative action, and judicial intervention. The Department neither condones nor tolerates the use of bias-based
policing.
Discriminatory conduct based on race, religion, color, ethnicity, national origin, age, gender, gender identity, gender
expression, sexual orientation, or disability while performing any law enforcement activity is prohibited. All law
enforcement contacts and activities, including, but not limited to, calls for service, investigations, law enforcement-
initiated stops or detentions, and activities following stops or detentions, shall be unbiased and based on legitimate,
articulable facts. All law enforcement action taken shall be consistent with the standards of reasonable suspicion or
probable cause as required by federal and state law.
Failure to comply with this policy is counterproductive to professional law enforcement and is an act of misconduct,
which is subject to discipline. Any employee who becomes aware of biased policing or any other violation of this policy
shall report it in accordance with established policy and procedure.
402.1.1 DEFINITIONS
Definitions related to this policy include:
Bias-Based Policing means conduct by peace officers motivated, implicitly or explicitly, by the officer’s beliefs about
someone based on the person’s actual or perceived personal characteristics, i.e., race, color, ethnicity, national origin,
age, religion, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, or mental or physical disability.
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Consensual search means any search that occurs when a person gives an officer consent or permission to search the
person or the person’s property. Consent can be given in writing or verbally or may be implied by conduct. (11 CCR §
999.224).
Designee a person who has been designated or selected by the primary officer.
Detention means a seizure of a person’s body by an officer that results from physical restraint, unequivocal verbal
commands, or words or conduct by an officer that would result in a reasonable person believing that he or she is not
free to leave or otherwise disregard the officer. (11 CCR § 999.224)
Encounter means a detention or traffic stop where the officer initiates activity based solely on the officer's own
observations or the observations and direction of another officer, rather than on information provided by dispatch or
reported by a member of the public.
Gender Identity means an individual's actual or perceived gender identity, or gender-related characteristics intrinsically
related to an individual's gender or gender-identity, regardless of the individual's assigned sex at birth.
Location means the hundred block where the encounter occurred, or the closest intersection thereto.
Officer means a peace officer as defined by Penal Code § 830 and 832, employed by the Carlsbad Police Department.
Primary Officer means the principal officer when one or more officers are assisting on the detention and/or search.
Search means a search of a person’s body or property in the person’s possession or control and includes a pat-down
search of a person’s outer clothing as well as a consensual search. (11 CCR § 999.224)
Stop means any detention by an officer of a person or any officer interaction with a person in which the officer conducts
a search, including a consensual search of the person’s body or property in the person’s possession or control, and
includes a pat-down search of a person’s outer clothing. (Govt. Code § 12525.5(g)(2); 11 CCR § 999.224).
Traffic Stop means an interaction between an officer and an individual driving a vehicle, in which the officer orders the
individual to stop the vehicle.
Use of Force means an officer's use of force on an individual that is required to be reported by Department Policy § 300.
402.2 DATA COLLECTION REQUIREMENT
Every officer is required to complete a RIPA report following interactions described in section 402.4 of this
order. Officers must report their perceptions of specified characteristics when an individual is detained, searched, or has
their property searched. An officer’s perception shall be based on their personal observations and interactions with the
individual detained. The officer shall not ask the individual any additional identifying questions, refer to their
driver’s license or identification card, or ask another individual for information which would verify the identity of the
individual detained.
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402.3 PERSONAL IDENTIFYING INFORMATION
In no circumstance shall an officer include any individual’s personal identifying information or Unique Identifying Information of any
officer into a RIPA report. “Unique Identifying Information” means personally identifying information, the release of which, either
alone or in combination with other data reported, is reasonably likely to reveal the identity of the individual officer who collected
the stop data information. It does not include the minimum information that is specified in Government Code section 12525.5,
subdivision (b).
402.4 REPORTABLE INTERACTIONS AND ENCOUNTERS WITH THE PUBLIC
The Primary Officer or his/her designee shall complete a RIPA report for every person detained or searched or when property in
their possession is searched regardless of the initial reason for the encounter, unless it falls under an exception listed in this order. Officers shall complete all stop reports for stops made during his or her shift by the end of that shift, unless exigent circumstances
preclude doing so, and with a supervisor’s permission. In such circumstances, the data shall be completed as soon as practicable.
402.4.1 DATA COLLECTION AND REPORTING
The following information will be collected for each stop:
• Date/Time/Duration
• Location
• Reason
• A response to or while conducting an investigation as a result of a call for service? Yes/No
• Actions taken during stop, including, but not limited to:
Whether asked for consent search / Whether consent was provided
Whether search took place / Basis for search / Result of search
Whether property was seized / Type of property / Basis for seizure
Curbside detention, handcuffed/flex-cuffed, firearm pointed at person, firearm discharged or used.
Includes: Action taken based on individual suspicion or personal characteristics during traffic control, crowd
control, underage drinking detentions, DUI checkpoints.
• Result or Disposition (e.g., warning, citation, arrest)
This includes the language of the warning or offense cited/charged.
• Perceived race/ethnicity, gender and age
This information shall be based on the officer’s personal observation only. This information shall not be
requested and shall not be based on the information in the person’s driver’s license or other identification.
Vehicle Stops: Only applies to driver unless actions above are taken for passenger.
• Perceived LGBT
This information shall be based on the officer’s personal observation only. This information shall not be
requested.
• Limited to no English Fluency, if applicable
• Perceived or Known Disability
This information shall be based on the officer’s perception or knowledge that the person stopped has a
disability.
• Officer Information
Years of Experience
Type of Assignment: Patrol, Traffic, Narcotics, Investigations, etc.(11 CCR 999.226)
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402.5 REPORTING WHEN THERE ARE MULTIPLE OFFICERS OR MULTIPLE AGENCIES
1) When there are multiple officers interacting with the detained or searched individual(s):
2) Only one RIPA report shall be submitted for each individual searched or detained, regardless of the
number of officers involved in each interaction.
3) The officer with the highest level of engagement with the person stopped is responsible for completing
the RIPA report.
4) All reportable actions taken by any officer during the detention or search shall be included in
the RIPA report.
5) When there are multiple agencies at the scene and interacting with the detained or searched person(s):
6) Only the primary agency with investigative jurisdiction for the incident shall complete
the RIPA report through their reporting system.
7) In no case should duplicate reports be submitted for the same individual by multiple officers or multiple
agencies.
8) The RIPA report should be completed by the end of the officer’s shift unless exigent circumstances
preclude doing so, and with a supervisor’s permission.
In such circumstances, the data shall be completed as soon as practicable. (11 CCR 999.227).
402.6 INTERACTIONS WITH STUDENTS IN A K-12 PUBLIC SCHOOL
1) Peace officers shall complete a RIPA report only if the following interactions occur with students on the
grounds of a K-12 public school:
2) Any interaction that results in a temporary custody under Welfare and Institutions Code section 625,
citation, arrest, permanent seizure of property as evidence of a criminal offense, or referral to a school
administrator because of suspected criminal activity.
3) Any interaction in which the student is questioned for the purpose of investigating whether the student
committed a violation of law, including violations of Education Code sections 48900, 48900.2, 48900.4,
and 48900.7, or to determine whether the student is truant.
4) Any interaction in which an officer engages in one or more of the actions as described in section 402.4 of
this order.
5) Peace officers shall not complete a RIPA report in the following interactions with students on the
grounds of a K-12 public school.
6) Any detention or search of all persons as part of a neutrally applied formula that is not based upon
personal characteristics. Such as a security checkpoint.
7) The interaction only includes searches conducted at the entries or exits of school facilities by screening
devices, and secondary screenings that result from that initial screening.
8) Example 1: All students entering a school are required to pass through a metal detector. A school police
officer searches a student’s person or belongings because a metal detector is activated. The interaction
shall not be reported.
9) Example 2: An officer searches a student’s backpack because he or she suspects the backpack contains
narcotics. The interaction is reportable.
402.7 GENERAL EXPECTATIONS TO RIPA REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
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1) Peace officers are not required to complete a RIPA report in the following circumstances:
2) Any stop or search that occurs in a custodial setting or on custodial grounds. However, peace officers
who work in a custodial setting must report detentions or searches which occur in non-custodial settings
(an example would be a deputy who is assigned to the jail but detains an individual while working an off-
duty job at a football game).
3) Stops that occur during public safety mass evacuations, including bomb threats, gas leaks, flooding,
earthquakes, and other similar critical incidents.
a) For the purposes of this section, the incident commander (or designee) shall make the
determination if an incident meets the criteria for a critical incident.
4) Stops that occur during an active shooter incident, meaning an individual is actively engaged in killing or
attempting to kill people in a populated area.
5) Stops that occur during or as a result of routine security screenings required of all persons to enter a
building or special event, including metal detector screenings, including any secondary searches that
result from that screening.
6) Any type of crowd control in which persons are directed to remain at a location or routed to a different
location for public safety purposes.
7) Interactions during which persons are detained at a residence so that officers may check for proof of
age, solely for the purpose of investigating possible underage drinking.
a) Example 1: An officer is dispatched to a residence to investigate a noise complaint. Upon arrival, the
officer suspects that some of the persons at the house party are engaged in underage drinking, and
he or she detains the persons to request identification to verify proof of age. Because the only
action the officer takes is to detain the persons for the sole purpose of verifying proof of age, these
interactions do not require a RIPA report.
b) Example 2: At that same party, the officer, in addition to detaining a person to question him/her,
also asks to search the person. Regardless of whether the person consents to the search or is
actually searched, that interaction will require a RIPA report.
8) Checkpoints or roadblocks in which an officer detains a person as the result of a blanket regulatory
activity that is not based on an individualized suspicion or personal characteristic.
a) Example: A checkpoint or roadblock, including a DUI checkpoint, that stops all vehicles or stops
randomly selected vehicles using a neutral formula, not based on individualized suspicion or
personal characteristics, does not require a RIPA report.
9) Diversion of traffic or individuals as a result of any routine traffic control not based upon individualized
suspicion personal characteristics.
10) Interactions with passenger(s) of traffic stops who are not the subject of an investigation or
enforcement action and who are not searched.
a) Example: Any individual(s) being asked to exit the vehicle simply because it is being towed.
11) Interactions with the targeted subject(s) of a warrant, search condition, home detention, or house
arrest while inside of their residence. However, a RIPA report is required for any interactions with
persons in the home who are not the subject of the warrant or search condition if the officer takes any
of the actions listed in section 402.4 of this order.
12) Consensual encounters that do not result in a search.
The data collected for each stop is the responsibility of a single officer on scene. The data will be reported and submitted
for supervisorial approval. The Department will maintain all “Stop Data” and prepare an annual report to the California
Department of Justice in compliance with RIPA. In addition, the Department’s Senior Management Analyst will be
responsible for producing an annual report for the Department regarding our STOP DATA.
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402.7.1 SUPERVISOR'S RESPONSIBILITIES
Supervisors should log in to the RIPA report system to review and approve or reject officer’s RIPA reports by the end of
the supervisor’s shift unless exigent circumstances preclude doing so. In such circumstances, the data shall be
completed as soon as practicable after the RIPA report was received. The primary purpose of the supervisor review is to
ensure no personal identifying information has been included in the report. If any personal identifying information is
found in the report, the supervisor shall reject the report.
Supervisors shall review reports for content and accuracy. If a correction is necessary, the reviewing supervisor should
return the report for correction. It shall be the responsibility of the originating supervisor to ensure that any report
returned for correction is processed in a timely manner.
Reports that have been approved by a supervisor and are either waiting in the que for download or have been
submitted to the DOJ shall not be modified or altered except by way of a supplemental report.
402.8 DETENTIONS
All investigative detentions, temporary detentions, vehicle stops, arrests, searches and seizures of persons or property
by officers will be based on a standard of reasonable suspicion or probable cause as required by the Fourth Amendment
of the U.S. Constitution, statutory authority, and prevailing case law. Officers must be able to articulate specific facts,
circumstances and conclusions which support reasonable suspicion or probable cause for an arrest, vehicle stop or
investigative detention.
Officers may take into account as part of a description the race, ethnic background, gender, sexual orientation, religion,
economic status, age and/or culture of a specific suspect(s) based on what reasonably appears to be credible, reliable,
relevant information that links a person to a particular criminal incident or links a specific series of crimes in an area to a
group of individuals.
Except as provided above, no person shall be singled out or otherwise treated differently on account of his/her race,
ethnic background, gender, sexual orientation, religion, economic status, age and/or culture.
402.9 POLICE CONTACTS WITH MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC
This policy allows consensual encounters, but officers should apply the principles outlined below.
In an effort to prevent inappropriate perceptions of biased based law enforcement, officers shall utilize the following
strategies when involved in any pedestrian contact or vehicle stop:
• Be courteous, polite, and professional.
• Introduce yourself by providing your name and agency affiliation. As soon as practical, explain the reason(s) for
the stop, i.e., in vehicle stops, provide this information before asking the driver for their license, registration and
proof of insurance.
• Answer any questions the member of the public may have, including explaining options for the disposition of a
traffic citation, if relevant.
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• Ensure that the length of the detention is no longer than necessary to take appropriate action for the known or
suspected offense.
• During a consensual contact to include a traffic stop or a contact at a home or business, officers shall ensure that
all persons contacted are aware of the officer's affiliation with the police department, except in situations that
may jeopardize an investigation.
402.10 TRAINING
Training on fair and objective policing and review of this policy shall be conducted as directed by the professional
standards and support bureau.
• All sworn members of this department will be scheduled to attend Peace Officer Standards and Training (POST)-
approved training on the subject of bias-based policing.
• Each sworn member of this department who received initial bias-based policing training will thereafter be
required to attend or complete on going training as deemed necessary by the Carlsbad Police Department to
keep current with changing racial, identity and cultural trends (Penal Code § 13519.4[i]).
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