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BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL
REPORT FOR THE KLOV ANISH
RESIDENCE PROJECT
4385 ADAMS STREET
CITY OF CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA
APN 206-180-041
Submitted to:
City of Carlsbad
Planning Department
1635 Faraday Avenue
Carlsbad, California 92008
Prepared for:
Steve Klovanish
2721 Carlsbad Boulevard
Carlsbad, California 92008
Prepared by:
Ruben S. Ramirez, Jr.
Cadre Environmental
c/o Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.
14010 Poway Road, Suite A
Poway, California 92064
November 2016; Revised February 2017; Revised March 2017
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ES1
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 PROJECT LOCATION/DESCRIPTION 1
2.0 METHODOLOGY 5
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.2 FIELD SURVEYS 5
3.0 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING 8
3.1 SURROUNDING LAND USES/TOPOGRAPHY/SOILS 8
3.2 VEGETATION COMMUNITIES 8
3.3 GENERAL PLANT & WILDLIFE SPECIES 9
3.4 JURISDICTIONAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 9
4.0 SENSITIVE BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES 14
4.1 FEDERAL PROTECTION AND CLASSIFICATIONS 14
4.2 STATE PROTECTION AND CLASSIFICATIONS 15
4.3 LOCAL PROTECTION AND CLASSIFICATIONS 18
4.4 SENSITIVE HABIT A TS 18
4.5 SENSITIVE PLANTS 18
4.6 SENSITIVE WILDLIFE 21
4.7 REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY/WILDLIFE MOVEMENT CORRIDORS 26
5.0 REGIONAL AND REGULATORY SETTING 28
5.1 LOCAL 28
5.2 FEDERAL 33
5.3 STATE 34
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 35
6.1 THRESHOLD OF SIGNIFICANCE 35
6.2 DIRECT IMPACTS 37
6.3 INDIRECT IMPACTS 40
6.4 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS 44
7.0 MITIGATION MEASURES 45
8.0 LITERATURE CITED 46
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1 -Regional Location Map
2 -Project Site Map
3 -Vegetation Communities Map
4 -Current Project Site Photographs
5 -Current Project Site Photographs
6 -Soil Associations Map
7 -Sensitive Species Observations
LIST OF FIGURES
8 -Vegetation Communities Impact Map
LIST OF TABLES
PAGE
2
3
10
11
12
13
25
39
PAGE
1 -Project Site Vegetation Community Acreages 9
2 -Sensitive Plant Species Listed as Occurring or Potentially Occurring in the City of 19
Carlsbad
3 -Sensitive Wildlife Species Listed as Occurring or Potentially Occurring in the City of 22
Carlsbad
4 -Vegetation Community Impacts 37
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CDFG
CDFW
CESA
CEQA
CNDDB
CNPS
CRPR
ESHA
FESA
GIS
GPS
HOP
HCP
HMP
LCP
MBTA
MHCP
MWD
NCCP
NPDS
NPPA
NRCS
OHWM
RWQCB
SAA
SANDAG
SSC
SWRCB
USFWS
USGS
WDR
GLOSSARY
California Department of Fish and Game (CDFW effective Jan P 1 2013)
California Department of Fish and Wildlife
California Endangered Species Act
California Environmental Quality Act
California Natural Diversity Database
California Native Plant Society
California Rare Plant Ranking
Environmental Sensitive Habitat Areas
federal Endangered Species Act
Geographic Information System
Global Positioning System
Hillside Development Permit
Habitat Conservation Plan
City of Carlsbad, Habitat Management Plan for Natural Communities
Local Coastal Program
Migratory Bird Treaty Act
Multiple Habitat Conservation Program
City of Carlsbad Municipal Water District
Natural Communities Conservation Plan
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Native Plant Protection Act
Natural Resources Conservation Service
Ordinary High Water Mark
Regional Water Quality Control Board
Streambed Alteration Agreement
San Diego Association of Governments
California Species of Special Concern
State Water Resources Control Board
United States Fish and Wildlife Service
United States Geological Survey
State Waste Discharge Requirements
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Klovanish Residence Project Site is located at 4385 Adams Street (APN 206-180-
041) within the City of Carlsbad, California and extends northeast of Adams Street. The
Project Site is also located approximately 450 ft. northeast of Agua Hedionda Lagoon.
The project proposes the development of a single-family residence, pervious driveway,
pool and spa above grade, pervious decks, and covered patio on the 0.42-acre Project
Site including 0.02-acre of offsite improvements within the Adams Street right-of-way.
The Project Site is located completely within the North County Multiple Habitat
Conservation Program area and is located within the City of Carlsbad Subarea Plan
Area which is managed based on the Habitat Management Plan for Natural
Communities in the City of Carlsbad.
The Project Site is not located within a proposed or existing hardline preserve area (City
of Carlsbad 2004).
The Project Site is not located within a standards area and therefore is not subject to
Local Facilities Management Zone 1 standards. However, the open space habitat
located south of the Project Site and Adams Street is located within a standards area
(Zone 1) and therefore potential edge effects will be addressed and mitigated as
warranted.
The Project Site is located completely within the coastal zone and a special set of
conservation standards may apply as addressed in the following report in the section
titled, Regional and Regulatory Setting.
The Project Site is a single-family residence and therefore exempt from obtaining a
Hillside Development Permit (HDP) (City of Carlsbad 1998). Also, the Project Site does
not possess suitable habitat for federal/state endangered or threatened plant and
wildlife species, does not possess any native habitats including coastal sage scrub and
chaparral vegetation communities, and therefore is not subject to Hillside Development
and Design Standards (City of Carlsbad 1998).
The Project Site will impact a total of 0.44-acre of disturbed (ornamental) vegetation
community. Impacts to vegetation communities would be reduced to less than
significant with the implementation of Biological Mitigation Measure (BIO-MM1
Mitigation Fee).
Two (2) recently cleared shrubs (stumps/vegetative material remaining) documented
onsite were likely Adolphia califomica specimens. Also, a total of 3-5 A. califomica
plants were documented south of the Project Site within the Adams Street right-of-way
impact area. The proposed project would permanently impact between five (5) and
seven (7) A. califomica specimens listed as a CNPS CRPR List 2B.1 sensitive plants.
The loss of up to seven (7) A. califomica shrubs would not result in a substantial
adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modification.
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The proposed project would not directly impact any federal/state threatened or
endangered wildlife species. However, several sensitive species including the Southern
California rufous-crowned sparrow, grasshopper sparrow, northern harrier, Cooper's
hawk and white-tailed kite are expected to occasionally forage within the disturbed
(ornamental) vegetation documented onsite. The orange-throated whiptail may also
occasionally utilize the disturbed (ornamental) vegetation habitat for foraging and
refugia. Impacts to sensitive wildlife species would be reduced to less than significant
with the implementation of BIO-MM1 Mitigation Fee.
The project has the potential to result in significant indirect impacts to common and/or
sensitive nesting birds potentially occurring 50 ft. southwest of the Project Site within the
offsite coastal sage scrub habitat, due to noise levels generated during project
construction within the general bird breeding season (February 15 to September 15).
Additionally, significant indirect impacts to nesting coastal California gnatcatcher within
the coastal sage scrub located south of the Project Site may potentially result from
construction noise generated during the gnatcatcher breeding season (March 1 to
August 15). The loss of a nest would be considered a violation of the California
Department of Fish and Wildlife Code, Section 3503, 3503.5, 3513 and federal
Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Impacts to sensitive wildlife species and nesting birds would
be reduced to less than significant with the implementation of Biological Mitigation
Measures (BIO-MM1 Mitigation Fee and BIO-MM2 Mitigation for Potential Indirect
Impacts to Nesting Birds).
No wetlands, riparian habitat or vernal pools regulated by the United States Army Corps
of Engineers, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, or Regional Water Quality
Control Board were documented within the Project Site.
Implementation of Mitigation Measures BIO-MM1 and BIO-MM2 would reduce all
potential significant unavoidable impacts on biological resources to a level of less than
significant or below.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The following biological resources technical report describes a detailed assessment of
potential sensitive natural resources located within and immediately adjacent to the
Klovanish Residence project site (Project Site). Specifically, the report has been
prepared to support the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) documentation
and Habitat Management Plan for Natural Communities (HMP) compliance review
process conducted by the City of Carlsbad, California. As discussed below, the
assessment includes a thorough literature review, site reconnaissance characterizing
baseline conditions (including floral and faunal and dominant vegetation communities),
sensitive species observations, impact analysis, and proposed mitigation measures .
1.1 PROJECT LOCATION/DESCRIPTION
The 0.42-acre Project Site (0.02-acre Adams Street right-of-way) is located at 4385
Adams Street (APN 206-180-041) within the City of Carlsbad , California and extends
northeast of Adams Street (including right-of-way) as shown in Figure 1, Regional
Location Map, and Figure 2, Project Site Map. The Project Site is also located
approximately 450 ft. northeast of Agua Hedionda Lagoon.
The Project Site is located completely within the North County Multiple Habitat
Conservation Program (MHCP) area and is located within the City of Carlsbad Subarea
Plan Area which is managed based on the Habitat Management Plan for Natural
Communities in the City of Carlsbad . As stated by SAN DAG :
"The Multiple Habitat Conservation Program (MHCP) is a comprehensive,
multiple jurisdictional planning program designed to develop an ecosystem
preserve in northwestern San Diego County. Implementation of the
regional preserve system is intended to protect viable populations of key
sensitive plant and animal species and their habitats, while
accommodating continued economic development and quality of life for
residents of the north county region . The MHCP is one of several large
multiple jurisdictional habitat planning efforts in San Diego County (Figure
1-1), each of which constitutes a subregional plan under the State of
California's Natural Community Conservation Planning (NCCP) Act of
1991 . The combination of the subregional MHCP plan and city subarea
plans will serve as a multiple species Habitat Conservation Plan (HCP)
pursuant to Section 10(a)(1)(B) of the federal Endangered Species Act
(ESA}, as well as an NCCP plan under the NCCP Act and the California
Endangered Species Act (CESA)." (SANDAG 2003a).
The Project Site has been identified as a "Development Area" in the City of Carlsbad 's
HMP (City of Carlsbad. 2004). The property is not located within or immediately
adjacent to an existing/proposed Hardline Preserve (Conservation) Area, Focus
Planning Area, and/or core , linkage or Special Resource Area. However, the Project
Site is located completely within the coastal zone.
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Hardline Preserve Area
The Project Site is not located within or immediately adjacent to a proposed or existing
hardline area (City of Carlsbad 2004). Based on the fact that Agua Hedionda Lagoon,
an existing hard preserve area is located a minimum of 450 ft. southwest of the Project
Site and Adams Street, implementation of adjacency standards will not be required .
Standards Area
The Project Site is not located within a standards area (City of Carlsbad 2004) and
therefore is not subject to Local Facilities Management Zone 1 standards (City of
Carlsbad 2004). However, the open space habitat located south of the Project Site and
Adams Street is located within a standards area (Zone 1) and therefore potential edge
effects will be addressed and mitigated as warranted .
Coastal Zone
The Project Site is located completely within the Coastal zone and a special set of
conservation standards pursuant to Carlsbad Municipal Code Section Code
21.210.040.D.9 and the HMP Coastal Zone Standards (Section D.7, Standards 7-1
through 7-12) will apply as addressed in the following report in the section titled ,
Regional and Regulatory Setting.
The project proposes the development of a single-family residence, pervious driveway,
pool and spa above grade, pervious decks, and covered patio on the 0.42-acre Project
Site including 0.02-acre of offsite improvements (driveway approach) within the Adams
Street right-of-way. The property is designated R-4 Residential (0-4 dwelling units per
acre) and zoned R-1 -15000, Coastal Zone, Local Coastal Program "LCP")
Hillside Development and Design Guidelines
The Project Site is a single-family residence and therefore exempt from obtaining a
Hillside Development Permit (HOP) (City of Carlsbad 1998). Also, the Project Site does
not possess suitable habitat for federal/state endangered or threatened plant and
wildlife species, does not possess any native habitats including coastal sage scrub and
chaparral vegetation communities, and therefore is not subject to Hillside Development
and Design Standards (City of Carlsbad 1998).
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2.0 METHODOLOGY
2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW
Existing biological resource conditions within and adjacent to the Project Site were
initially investigated through review of pertinent scientific literature. Federal register
listings, protocols, and species data provided by the United States Fish and Wildlife
Service (USFWS) were reviewed in conjunction with anticipated federally listed species
potentially occurring within the Project Site. The California Natural Diversity Database
(CNDDB), a California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) Natural Heritage
Division species account database, San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG)
and San Diego Natural History Museum resources, were also reviewed for all pertinent
information regarding the locations of known occurrences of sensitive species in the
vicinity of the property. In addition, numerous regional floral and faunal field guides
were utilized in the identification of species and suitable habitats. Combined, the
reviewed sources provided an excellent baseline from which to inventory the biological
resources potentially occurring in the area. Other sources of information included the
review of unpublished biological resource letter reports and assessments. Other CDFW
reports and publications consulted include the following:
• Special Animals (CDFW 2016a);
• Special Vascular Plants and Bryophytes List (CDFW 2016c);
• Endangered, Threatened, and Rare Plants of California (CDFW 2016d); and
• State and Federally Listed Endangered and Threatened Animals of California
(CDFW 2016e);
2.2 FIELD SURVEYS
A reconnaissance survey of the Project Site was conducted in November 2016 by
Ruben Ramirez of Cadre Environmental (USFWS permit 780566-13, CDFW permit
2243) in order to characterize and identify potential sensitive plant and wildlife habitats,
and to establish the accuracy of the data identified in the literature search. Geologic
and soil maps were examined to identify local soil types that may support sensitive taxa.
Aerial photograph, topographic maps, vegetation and rare plant maps prepared for
previous studies in the region were used to determine community types and other
physical features that may support sensitive plants/wildlife, uncommon taxa, or rare
communities that occur within or adjacent to the Project Site. Habitat assessments
were conducted for, but not limited to the following target species/groups.
• HMP narrow endemic species
• Belding's savannah sparrow -SE
• Light-footed clapper rail-FE/SE
• Western snowy plover-FT/SSC
• California Least Tern-FE/SE
• Coastal California gnatcatcher-FT/SSC
• Least Bell's vireo -FE/SE
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• Southwestern willow flycatcher -FE/SE
• Sensitive plants
• Riparian, wetland and vernal pool resources
Vegetation Communities/Habitat Classification Mapping
Vegetation community names and hierarchical structure follows the Preliminary
Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California (Oberbauer et al.
2008).
Floristic Plant Inventory
A general plant survey was conducted throughout the Project Site during the initial
reconnaissance in a collective effort to identify all species occurring onsite.
All plants observed during the survey efforts were either identified in the field or
collected and later identified using taxonomic keys. Plant taxonomy follows Hickman
(1993). Scientific nomenclature and common names used in this report generally follow
Roberts et al. (2004) or Baldwin et al. (2012) for updated taxonomy. Scientific names are
included only at the first mention of a species; thereafter, common names alone are
used.
Wildlife Resources Inventory
All animals identified during the reconnaissance survey by sight, call, tracks, scat, or
other characteristic sign were recorded onto a 1 :200 scale orthorectified color aerial
photograph or documented using a global positioning system (GPS). In addition to
species actually detected, expected use of the site by other wildlife was derived from
the analysis of habitats on the site, combined with known habitat preferences of
regionally occurring wildlife species.
Vertebrate taxonomy followed in this report is according to the Center for North
American Herpetology (2013 for amphibians and reptiles), the American Ornithologists'
Union (1988 and supplemental) for birds, and Baker et al. (2003) for mammals. Both
common and scientific names are used during the first mention of a species; common
names only are used in the remainder of the text.
Regional Connectivity/Wildlife Movement Corridors
The analysis of wildlife movement corridors associated with the Project Site and
immediate vicinity is based on information compiled from literature, analysis of the aerial
photograph data, and direct observations made in the field during the reconnaissance
site visit.
A literature review was conducted that includes documents on island biogeography
(studies of fragmented and isolated habitat "islands"), reports on wildlife home range
sizes and migration patterns, and studies on wildlife dispersal. Wildlife movement
studies conducted in southern California were also reviewed. Use of field-verified digital
data, in conjunction with the Geographic Information System (GIS) database, allowed
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proper identification of regional vegetation communities and drainage features. This
information was crucial to assessing the relationship of the Project Site to large open
space areas in the immediate vicinity and was also evaluated in terms of connectivity
and habitat linkages. Relative to corridor issues, the discussions in this report are
intended to focus on wildlife movement associated within the Project Site and the
immediate vicinity.
Jurisdictional Resources Assessment
The Project Site was assessed for jurisdiction resources regulated by the United States
Army Corps of Engineers (USAGE), California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW),
and Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) in November 2016 to determine if
a formal delineation was warranted.
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3.0 EXISTING ENVIRONMENT AL SETTING
3.1 SURROUNDING LAND USES/TOPOGRAPHY/SOILS
The 0.42-acre Project Site (0.02-acre Adams Street right-of-way) is dominated by
disturbed vegetation which is described in this report and illustrated in Figure 3,
Vegetation Communities Map, and Figures 4-5, Current Project Site Photographs.
The entire Project Site is characterized by a previously disturbed slope planted with ice
plant (sea fig) for purposes of maintaining soil/slope stabilization. The Project Site slope
extends from the north (125 ft. elevation) to approximately 100 ft. elevation in the
southern region. The slope is dominated by disturbed habitat as described below.
Soils mapped by the Soil Conservation Service (SCS)1 within the Project Site consist
exclusively of sandy and loam substrates (NRCS 1992, NRCS 2016). The Soil Survey
of the San Diego Area has the following soil mapped within the boundary of the property
as illustrated in Figure 6, Soil Associations Map.:
• Marina loamy coarse sand (MIC), 9 to 30 percent slopes
3.2 VEGETATION COMMUNITIES
Vegetation community names and hierarchical structure follows the Preliminary
Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California (Oberbauer et al.
2008).
Disturbed
The entire Project Site (0.42-acre) including the 0.02-acre offsite impact area is
disturbed habitat as outlined in Table 1, Project Site Vegetation Community Acreages.
The dominant ornamental plant species documented onsite is sea fig ( Carpobrotus
chilensis), commonly planted on slopes for soil stabilization purposes. Less common
non-native species documented onsite include Russian thistle (Kali tragus), castor bean
(Ricinus communis), and white-stemmed filaree (Erodium moschatum). A few remnant
native species (in some cases a single plant) documented onsite include deerweed
(Acmispon glaber), coyote brush (Baccharis pilularis), California buckwheat (Eriogonum
fascicu/atum), laurel sumac (Malosma laurina), and salt grass (Distich/is spicata).
As stated by SANDAG:
"Past or present physical disturbance prevalent (e.g. brushing, tilling,
vehicular disturbance, etc.). Typically comprised of a mixture of grasses
and forbs with grasses contributing <213 of the relative cover and with non-
native forbs like Erodium botrys, Hypocheris g/abra, Foeniculum vulgare,
and Sa/sofa kali being common dominants. Native shrub (e.g. Eriogonum
fasciculatum, Baccharis sarothroides, Eriodictyon crassifolium, and Lotus
scoparius) and non-native shrubs (e.g., Ricinus communis) may be
1 SCS is now known as the National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS).
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patchily admixed. Substantial amounts of bare ground may exist.
Potential for colonization and succession of native plant communities
exists. If area is fragmented, it must have reasonable proximity to native
seed sources. MHCP: Disturbed." (SANDAG 2003a)
Table 1 -Project Site Vegetation Community Acreages
Vegetation Community Total
Project Site Assessment
Onsite (ac) Offsite (ac) Area (ac)
Disturbed 0.42 0.02 0.44
TOTAL 0.42 0.02 0.44
Source: Cadre Environmental 2016.
3.3 GENERAL PLANT & WILDLIFE SPECIES
General plant species documented within the Project Site are presented in the previous
section.
General wildlife species documented onsite or within the vicinity during the site
assessment include red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), rock dove (Columba livia),
mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos), house
finch (Haemorhous mexicanus) and northern mockingbird (Mimus polyglottos). Small
3.4 JURISDICTIONAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT
No wetlands, riparian habitat or vernal pools regulated by the USACE, CDFW, or
RWQCB were documented within or immediately adjacent to the Project Site.
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Vegetation Communities
c:J Disturbed
Figure 3 -Vegetation Communities Map C.A.D RE [!]
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PHOTOGRAPH 1 -Southeast view of Project Site from
western corner. Adams Street easement extends the length of
the southwest Project Site boundary.
PHOTOGRAPH 2 -Southern view of Project Site from
northern corner. The property is dominated by disturbed
vegetation (sea fig) commonly utilized for soil stabilization.
Figure 4 -Current Project Site Photographs
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PHOTOGRAPH 3 -Westward view of Project Site from
eastern corner. The property is bordered by existing
residential development to the northeast and southeast.
PHOTOGRAPH 4 -Northward view of Project Site from
southern corner. Disturbed vegetation is located immediately
northwest of the property between the Project Site and an
existing residential development.
Figure 5 -Current Project Site Photographs
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MIE Marina loamy coarse sand, 9 to 30 percent slopes
Properties and qualities
Slope: 9 to 30 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Runoff class: High
Capacity of the most limiting layer to transmit water (Ksat): Moderately high to high (0.57 to 1.98 in/hr)
Depth to water table: More than 80 inches
Frequency offloading: None
Frequency of ponding: None
Salinity, maximum in profile: Nonsaline to very slightly saline (0.0 to 2.0 mmhos/cm)
Available water storage in profile: Moderate (about 8.7 inches)
Source: NRCS 2016
Figure 6 -Soil Associations Map C.AD RE [!l
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4.0 SENSITIVE BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES
The following discussion describes the plant and wildlife species present, or potentially
present within the property boundaries, that have been afforded special recognition by
federal , state, or local resource conservation agencies and organizations, principally
due to the species' declining or limited population sizes, usually resulting from habitat
loss. Also discussed are habitats that are unique, of relatively limited distribution, or of
particular value to wildlife. Protected sensitive species are classified by state and/or
federal resource management agencies , or both , as threatened or endangered , under
provisions of the state and federal endangered species act. Vulnerable or "at-risk"
species that are proposed for listing as threatened or endangered (and thereby for
protected status) are categorized administratively as "candidates" by the USFWS.
CDFW uses various terminology and classifications to describe vulnerable species.
There are additional sensitive species classifications applicable in California. These are
described below.
Sensitive biological resources are habitats or individual species that have special
recognition by federal, state, or local conservation agencies and organizations as
endangered, threatened , or rare. The CDFW, USFWS, and special groups like the
CNPS maintain watch lists of such resources. For the purpose of this assessment
sources used to determine the sensitive status of biological resources are:
Plants: USFWS (2016), CDFW (2016d), CNDDB (CDFW 2016b), CNPS
(2016), and Skinner and Pavlik (1994) City of Carlsbad HMP (2004),
Wildlife: California Wildlife Habitat Relationships (2008), USFWS (2016),
CDFW (2016a, 2016e), and CNDDB (CDFW 2016b), City of Carlsbad
HMP (2004),
Habitats: CNDDB (CDFW 2016b), City of Carlsbad HMP (2004).
4.1 FEDERAL PROTECTION AND CLASSIFICATIONS
The Federal Endangered Species Act of 1973 (FESA) defines an endangered species
as "any species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its
range ... " Threatened species are defined as "any species which is likely to become an
endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout all or a significant portion
of its range." Under provisions of Section 9(a)(1 )(B) of the FESA it is unlawful to "take"
any listed species. 'Take" is defined as follows in Section 3(18) of the FESA:
" ... harass, harm , pursue, hunt, shoot, wound , kill, trap, capture, or collect, or to attempt
to engage in any such conduct." Further, the USFWS, through regulation, has
interpreted the terms "harm" and "harass" to include certain types of habitat modification
as forms of a "take." These interpretations, however, are generally considered and
applied on a case-by-case basis and often vary from species to species. In a case
where a property owner seeks permission from a federal agency for an action that could
affect a federally listed plant and animal species, the property owner and agency are
required to consult with USFWS. Section 9(a)(2)(b) of the FESA addresses the
protections afforded to listed plants. Recently, the USFWS instituted changes in the
listing status of former candidate species. Former C1 (candidate) species are now
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referred to simply as candidate species and represent the only candidates for listing.
Former C2 species (for which the USFWS had insufficient evidence to warrant listing at
this time) and C3 species (either extinct, no longer a valid taxon or more abundant than
was formerly believed) are no longer considered as candidate species. Therefore,
these species are no longer maintained in list form by the USFWS, nor are they formally
protected. However, some USFWS field offices have issued memoranda stating that
former C2 species are henceforth to be considered Federal Species of Concern. This
term is employed in this document, but carries no official protections. All references to
federally protected species in this report (whether listed, proposed for listing or
candidate) include the most current published status or candidate category to which
each species has been assigned by USFWS.
For purposes of this assessment, the following acronyms are used for federal status
species:
FE Federal Endangered
FT Federal Threatened
FPE Federal Proposed Endangered
FPT Federal Proposed Threatened
FC Federal Candidate for Listing
The designation of critical habitat can also have a significant impact on the development
of land designated as "critical habitat." The FESA prohibits federal agencies from taking
any action that will "adversely modify or destroy" critical habitat (16 U.S.C. §
1536(a)(2)). This provision of the FESA applies to the issuance of permits by federal
agencies. Before approving an action affecting critical habitat, the federal agency is
required to consult with the USFWS who then issues a biological opinion evaluating
whether the action will "adversely modify" critical habitat. Thus, the designation of
critical habitat effectively gives the USFWS extensive regulatory control over the
development of land designated as critical habitat.
The Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 (MBTA) makes it unlawful to "take" any migratory
bird or part, nest, or egg of such bird listed in wildlife protection treaties between the
United States and Great Britain, the Republic of Mexico, Japan, and the Union of Soviet
States. For purposes of the MBTA, "take" is defined as to pursue, hunt, capture, kill, or
possess or attempt to do the same.
The Bald Eagle and Golden Eagle Protection Act explicitly protects the bald eagle and
golden eagle and imposes its own prohibition on any taking of these species. As defined
in this act, take means to pursue, shoot, shoot at, poison, wound, kill, capture, trap,
collect, or molest or disturb. Current USFWS policy is not to refer the incidental take of
bald eagles for prosecution under the Bald Eagle and Golden Eagle Protection Act (16
U.S.C. 668-668d).
4.2 STATE PROTECTION AND CLASSIFICATIONS
California's Endangered Species Act (CESA) defines an endangered species as " ... a
native species or subspecies of a bird, mammal, fish, amphibian, reptile, or plant which
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is in serious danger of becoming extinct throughout all, or a significant portion, of its
range due to one or more causes, including loss of habitat, change in habitat,
overexploitation, predation, competition, or disease." The State defines a threatened
species as " ... a native species or subspecies of a bird, mammal, fish, amphibian, reptile,
or plant that, although not presently threatened with extinction, is likely to become an
endangered species in the foreseeable future in the absence of the special protection
and management efforts required by this chapter. Any animal determined by the
commission as rare on or before January 1, 1985 is a threatened species." Candidate
species are defined as " ... a native species or subspecies of a bird, mammal, fish,
amphibian, reptile, or plant that the commission has formally noticed as being under
review by the department for addition to either the list of endangered species or the list
of threatened species, or a species for which the commission has published a notice of
proposed regulation to add the species to either list." Candidate species may be
afforded temporary protection as though they were already listed as threatened or
endangered at the discretion of the Fish and Game Commission. Unlike FESA, CESA •
does not include listing provisions for invertebrate species.
Article 3, Sections 2080 through 2085, of CESA addresses the taking of threatened or
endangered species by stating "No person shall import into this state, export out of this
state, or take, possess, purchase, or sell within this state, any species, or any part or
product thereof, that the commission determines to be an endangered species or a
threatened species, or attempt any of those acts, except as otherwise provided ... "
Under CESA, "take" is defined as " ... hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill, or attempt to
hunt, pursue, catch, capture, or kill." Exceptions authorized by the state to allow "take"
require " ... permits or memorandums of understanding ... " and can be authorized for
" ... endangered species, threatened species, or candidate species for scientific,
educational, or management purposes." Sections 1901 and 1913 of the California Fish
and Game Code provide that notification is required prior to disturbance.
Additionally, some sensitive mammals and birds are protected by the State as Fully
Protected Mammals or Fully Protected Birds, as described in the California Fish and
Game Code, Sections 4700 and 3511, respectively. CSC ("special" animals and plants)
listings include special status species, including all state and federal protected and
candidate taxa, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and US Forest Service (USFS)
sensitive species, species considered to be declining or rare by the CNPS or National
Audubon Society, and a selection of species which are considered to be under
population stress but are not formally proposed for listing. This list is primarily a working
document for the CDFW's CNDDB project. Informally listed taxa are not protected per
se, but warrant consideration in the preparation of biotic assessments. For some
species, the CNDDB is only concerned with specific portions of the life history, such as
roosts, rookeries, or nest sites.
For the purposes of this assessment, the following acronyms are used for State status
species:
SE State Endangered
ST State Threatened
SCE State Candidate Endangered
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SCT State Candidate Threatened
SFP State Fully Protected
SP State Protected
SR State Rare
SSC California Species of Special Concern
SWL California Watch List
The CNPS is a private plant conservation organization dedicated to the monitoring and
protection of sensitive species in the State. This organization has compiled an
inventory comprised of the information focusing on geographic distribution and
qualitative characterization of rare, threatened, or endangered vascular plant species of
California (Tibor 2001 ). The list serves as the candidate list for listing as threatened and
endangered by CDFW. The CNPS has developed five categories of rarity (CRPR):
CRPR1A Presumed extinct in California.
CRPR1B Rare, threatened, or endangered in California and elsewhere.
CRPR2 Rare, threatened, or endangered in California, but more common
elsewhere.
CRPR3 Plants about which we need more information -a review list.
Species of limited distribution in California (i.e., naturally rare in the
CRPR4 wild), but whose existence does not appear to be susceptible to
threat.
As stated by the CNPS:
"Threat Rank is an extension added onto the California Rare Plant Rank
and designates the level of endangerment by a 1 to 3 ranking with 1 being
the most endangered and 3 being the least endangered. A Threat Rank is
present for all California Rare Plant Rank 1 B's, 2's, 4's, and the majority of
California Rare Plant Rank 3's. California Rare Plant Rank 4 plants are
seldom assigned a Threat Rank of 0. 1, as they generally have large
enough populations to not have significant threats to their continued
existence in California; however, certain conditions exist to make the plant
a species of concern and hence be assigned a California Rare Plant
Rank. In addition, all California Rare Plant Rank 1 A (presumed extinct in
California), and some California Rare Plant Rank 3 (need more
information) plants, which lack threat information, do not have a Threat
Rank extension." (CNPS 2016)
0.1 Seriously threatened in California (over 80% of occurrences
threatened I high degree and immediacy of threat)
0.2 Fairly threatened in California (20-80% occurrences threatened I
moderate degree and immediacy of threat)
0.3 Not very threatened in California (<20% of occurrences threatened I
low degree and immediacy of threat or no current threats known)
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4.3 LOCAL PROTECTION AND CLASSIFICATIONS
The City of Carlsbad's HMP covers a total of six (6) sensitive plant, two (2) invertebrate,
and seventeen (17) wildlife species. As stated by the City of Carlsbad:
"The Habitat Management Plan for Natural Communities in the City of
Carlsbad (Carlsbad HMP, "the Plan'J proposes a comprehensive,
citywide, program to identify how the City, in cooperation with federal and
state wildlife agencies, can preserve the diversity of habitat and protect
sensitive biological resources within the City while allowing for additional
development consistent with the City's General Plan and its Growth
Management Plan. In so doing, the Plan is intended to lead to citywide
permits and authorization for the incidental take of sensitive species in
conjunction with private development projects, public projects, and other
activities, which are consistent with the Plan. These permits would be
issued under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, the California
Endangered Species Act, the California Natural Community Conservation
Planning Act." (City of Carlsbad 2004)
4.4 SENSITIVE HABITATS
As stated by CDFW:
"One purpose of the vegetation classification is to assist in determining the
level of rarity and imperilment of vegetation types. Ranking of alliances
according to their degree of imperilment (as measured by rarity, trends,
and threats) follows NatureServe's Heritage Methodology, in which all
alliances are listed with a G (global) and S (state) rank. For alliances with
State ranks of S1-S3, all associations within them are also considered to
be highly imperiled' (CDFW 2010)
No sensitive wetland or upland habitats regulated by CDFW or the HMP occur within
the Project Site. The entire Project Site (including offsite area) are characterized as
disturbed. No native or sensitive habitats occur onsite.
4.5 SENSITIVE PLANTS
A comprehensive assessment of sensitive plant species known to occur within the
region and the potential for occurrence within the Project Site is presented in Table 2,
Sensitive Plant Species Listed as Occurring or Potentially Occurring in the City of
Carlsbad.
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Table 2. Sensitive Plant Species Listed as Occurring or Potentially Occurring in
the City of Carlsbad.
Common Name
Scientific Name
8Iochman's Dudleya
Dudleya blochmaniae ssp. blochmaniae
California Adelphia
Adolphia califomica
California Orcutt Grass
Orcuttia ca/ifomica
Cliff Spurge
Euphorbia misera
Del Mar Manzanita
Arctostaphy/os g/andu/osa ssp. crassifo/ia
Del Mar Mesa Sand Aster
Corethrogyne filaginifo/ia var. linifolia
Encinitas 8accharis
Baccharis vanessae
Engelmann Oak
Quercus engelmannii
Little Mousetail
Myosurus minimus ssp. apus
Nuttall's Lotus
Lotus nutta/lianus
Nuttall's Scrub Oak
Quercus dumosa
Orcutt's 8rodiaea
Brodiaea orcuttii
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Status
CRPR 18.1
HC
CRPR 28.1
FE/SE
CRPR 18.1
NE
CRPR28.2
HC
FE
CRPR 18.1
NE
CRPR 18.1
NE
FT/SE
CRPR 18.1
NE
CRPR4.2
CRPR 3.1
NE
CRPR 18.1
CRPR 18.1
HC
CRPR 18.1
19
Comments
Occurs in rocky, clay substrates in
coastal sage, chaparral and grassland
habitats. Not expected to occur onsite
based on the disturbed condition of the
project site and lack of suitable habitats.
Several plants (3-5) documented within
Adams Street right-of-way impact area.
Two (2) recently cleared shrubs
(stumps/vegetative material)
documented onsite were likely Ado/phia
ca/ifomica specimens.
Occurs in vernal pools. Not expected to
occur onsite based on the disturbed
condition of the project site and lack of
suitable habitats.
Occurs in rocky habitats. Not detected
onsite.
Occurs in maritime chaparral habitat.
Not expected to occur onsite based on
the disturbed condition of the project
site and lack of suitable habitats. Not
detected onsite.
Occurs in sandy coastal bluff, chaparral
and coastal sage scrub habitats. Not
expected to occur onsite based on the
disturbed condition of the project site.
Occurs in sandstone maritime chaparral
habitat. Not expected to occur onsite
based on the disturbed condition of the
project site and lack of suitable habitats.
Not detected onsite.
Not detected onsite.
Occurs in alkaline vernal pool habitat.
Not expected to occur onsite based on
the disturbed condition of the project
site and lack of suitable habitats.
Occurs in coastal dunes Not expected
to occur onsite based on the disturbed
condition of the project site and lack of
suitable habitats.
Not detected onsite.
Occurs in clay soils within chaparral,
meadow, grassland, and vernal pool
habitats. Not expected to occur onsite
based on the disturbed condition of the
project site and lack of suitable habitats.
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Common Name
Scientific Name
Orcutt's Hazardia
Hazardia orcuttii
Orcutt's Spineflower
Chorizanthe orcuttiana
San Diego Ambrosia
Ambrosia pumi/a
San Diego Barrel Cactus
Ferocactus viridenscens
San Diego Button-Celery
Eryngium aristulatum var. parishii
San Diego Goldenstar
Mui/la clevelandii
San Diego Marsh Elder
Iva hayesiana
San Diego Thorn-mint
Acanthomintha ilicifo/ia
Short-leaved dudleya
Dudleya b/ochmaniae ssp. brevifolia
Spreading Navarretia
Navarretia fossalis
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Status
ST
CRPR 18.1
HC/NE
FE/SE
CRPR 18.1
HC/NE
FE
CRPR 18.1
NE
CRPR 28.1
FE/SE
CRPR 18.1
NE
CRPR 18.1
CRPR 28.2
FT/SE
CRPR 18.1
NE
SE
CRPR 18.1
FT
CRPR 18.1
NE
20
Comments
Occurs in clay substrates within
maritime chaparral and coastal sage
scrub habitats. Not expected to occur
onsite based on the disturbed condition
of the project site and lack of suitable
habitats.
Occurs in sandy openings within
maritime chaparral and coastal sage
scrub habitats. Not expected to occur
onsite based on the disturbed condition
of the project site and lack of suitable
habitats.
Occurs in sandy loam or clay substrates
within chaparral, coastal sage scrub,
vernal pool and grassland habitats. Not
expected to occur onsite based on the
disturbed condition of the project site
and lack of suitable habitats.
Not detected onsite.
Occurs within mesic coastal scrub,
grassland and vernal pool habitats. Not
expected to occur onsite based on the
disturbed condition of the project site
and lack of suitable habitats.
Occurs in clay substrates within
chaparral, coastal scrub, grassland and
vernal pool habitats. Not expected to
occur onsite based on the disturbed
condition of the project site and lack of
suitable habitats.
Occurs in marshes and playas. Not
expected to occur onsite based on the
disturbed condition of the project site
and lack of suitable habitats.
Occurs in clay substrates within
chaparral, coastal scrub, grassland and
vernal pool habitats. Not expected to
occur onsite based on the disturbed
condition of the project site and lack of
suitable habitats.
Occurs in Torrey sandstone substrate.
Not expected to occur onsite based on
the disturbed condition of the project
site and lack of suitable habitats.
Occurs within marsh, playa and vernal
pool habitats. Not expected to occur
onsite based on the disturbed condition
of the project site and lack of suitable
habitats.
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Common Name Listing Comments
Scientific Name Status
Sticky Dudleya CRPR 1B.2 Occurs in rocky habitats. Not expected
Dudleya viscida to occur onsite based on the disturbed
condition of the project site and lack of
suitable habitats.
Summer Holly CRPR 1B.2 Not detected onsite.
Comarostaphylis diversifolia ssp. NE
diversifolia
Thread-leaved Brodiaea FT/SE Occurs is clay substrates within
Brodiaea filifolia CRPR 1B.1 chaparral, coastal scrub, playas,
HC/NE grassland and vernal pool habitats. Not
expected to occur onsite based on the
disturbed condition of the project site
and lack of suitable habitats.
Torrey Pine CRPR 1B.2 Not detected onsite.
Pinus torreyana ssp. toffeyana
Wart-stemmed Ceanothus CRPR 2B.2 Not detected onsite.
Ceanothus veffucosus
HG = Carlsbad HMP Covered, NE = MHCP Naffow Endemic Species
None of the twenty-six (26) plant species proposed for coverage under the City of
Carlsbad's HCP were detected and/or are expected to occur onsite due to a lack of
suitable habitat, soils and existing disturbed conditions.
One (1) CNPS CRPR List 28.1 sensitive plant species, California adolphia (Adolphia
ca/ifornica) was detected during the site assessment. Specifically, 3-5 California
adolphia plants were documented immediately south of the Project Site within the
Adams Street right-of-way impact area as illustrated in Figure 7, Sensitive Species
Occurrences. Two (2) recently cleared shrubs (stumps/vegetative material remaining)
documented onsite were also likely Adolphia californica specimens.
California adolphia is a perennial shrub which generally blooms from December to May
and primarily occurs in clay substrates dominated by chaparral, coastal scrub and
grassland vegetation communities (CNPS 2016). The species is primarily known from
the southwest region of Southern and Baja California.
4.6 SENSITIVE WILDLIFE
A comprehensive assessment of sensitive wildlife species known to occur within the
region and the potential for occurrence within the Project Site is presented in Table 3,
Sensitive Wildlife Species Listed as Occurring or Potentially Occurring in the City of
Carlsbad.
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Table 3. Sensitive Wildlife Species Listed as Occurring or Potentially Occurring in
the City of Carlsbad
Common Name
Scientific Name
Harbison's Dun Skipper
Euphyes vestries harbisoni
Hermes Copper Butterfly
Lycaena hermes
Quino Checkerspot Butterfly
Euphydryas editha quino
Riverside Fairy Shrimp
Streptocepha/us woottoni
Salt Marsh (Wandering) Skipper
Panoquina errans
San Diego Fairy Shrimp
Branchinecta sandiegoensis
Arroyo Toad
Anaxyrus califomicus
Orange-throated Whiptail
Aspidoscelis hyperythra
San Diego Horned Lizard
Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillei
Southwestern Pond Turtle
Actinemys marmorata pa/Iida
Western Spadefoot
Spea hammondii
American Peregrine Falcon
Falco peregrinus anatum
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Listing Comments
Status
INVERTEBRATES
HC Not expected to occur onsite based on a
lack of host plant, San Diego sedge ( Carex
spissa).
FC Not expected to occur onsite based on a
lack of host plant, spiny red berry
(Rhamnus crocea).
FE Not expected to occur onsite based on a
lack of cryptobiotic soil crusts and. host
plant including Plantago erecta, Plantago
patagonica, Antirrhinum coulterianum,
Cordylanthus rigidus, Castilleja exserta,
and Castilleja rigidus.
FE Occurs in vernal pools and seasonal
NE depressions. Not expected to occur onsite
based on a lack of suitable habitat.
HC Not expected to occur onsite based on a
lack of saltmarsh habitat within or
immediately adjacent to the project site.
FE Occurs in vernal pools and seasonal
NE depressions. Not expected to occur onsite
based on a lack of suitable habitat.
AMPHIBIANS/REPTILES
FE/SSC
SSC
HC
SSC
SSC
SSC
BIRDS
SFP
HC
22
Breeds in intermittent drainages and
aestivates within floodprone areas and
adjacent scrub and woodland habitats.
Not expected to occur onsite based on a
lack of suitable habitat. USFWS Permit
780566-13
May occasionally occur onsite within the
disturbed habitats. Suitable habitat is
located south of Adams Street within the
coastal sage scrub vegetation.
Occurs in open coastal sage scrub and
chaparral habitats. Not expected to occur
onsite based on a lack of suitable habitat
and disturbed conditions documented
onsite.
Occurs within and adjacent to creeks and
open water. Not expected to occur onsite
based on a lack of suitable habitat.
Breeds within vernal pools and seasonal
depressions -aestivates in adjacent
grassland habitats. Not expected to occur
onsite based on a lack of suitable habitat.
Typically breeds on cliffs. Not expected to
occur onsite based on a lack of suitable
nestinQ habitat.
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Common Name
Scientific Name
Belding's Savannah Sparrow
Passercu/us sandwichensis beldingi
Burrowing Owl
Athene cunicu/aria hypuaea
California Brown Pelican
Pe/ecanus occidentalis califomicus
California Least Tern
Stema antillarum browni
Coastal California Gnatcatcher
Polioptila califomica califomica
Cooper's Hawk
Accipiter cooperii
Elegant Tern
Stema elegans
Grasshopper Sparrow
Ammodramus savannarum
Large-billed Savannah Sparrow
Passerculus sandwichensis rostratus
Least Bell's Vireo
Vireo be/Iii pusillus
Light-footed Clapper Rail
Rallus /ongirostris levipes
Long-Billed Curlew
Numenius americanus
Northern Harrier
Circus cyaneus
Osprey
Pandion haliaetus
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Status
SE
HC
SSC
SFP
HC
FE/SE/SWL
SFP
HC
FT/SSC
HC
SWL
HC
SWL
HC
SSC
SSC
HC
FE/SE
HC
FE/SE/SFP
HC
SWL
SSC
SWL
HC
23
Comments
Occurs within pickleweed dominated
coastal marshes. Not expected to occur
onsite based on a lack of suitable foraging
and nesting habitat.
No potential burrows documented within or
adjacent to project site. Not expected to
occur onsite based on a lack of suitable
nesting/refugia habitat.
Primarily occur along sea coast and are
rarely found inland. Not expected to occur
onsite based on a lack of foraging and
nesting habitat.
Feeds and breeds in shallow estuaries or
lagoons. Not expected to occur onsite
based on a lack of suitable foraging and
nesting habitat.
Not expected to breed or forage onsite
based on a lack of suitable habitat.
Suitable habitat is located immediately
south of Adams Street within the coastal
sage scrub vegetation where the species
has been documented (USFWS GIS
Database 2016). USFWS Permit 780566-
13
May occasionally forage onsite. Not
expected to breed onsite based on a lack
of suitable nesting habitat.
Occurs near coast. Not expected to occur
onsite based on a lack of suitable foraging
and nesting habitat.
May occasionally forage onsite. Not
expected to breed onsite based on a lack
of suitable nesting habitat.
Occurs in coastal marshes and beaches
and does not breed in California. Not
expected to occur onsite based on a lack
of suitable habitat.
Occurs within riparian habitat. Not
expected to occur onsite based on a lack
of suitable nesting/foragina habitat.
Occurs within coastal salt marsh/lagoons
in cordgrass and pickleweed. Not
expected to occur onsite based on a lack
of suitable foraaina and nestina habitat.
Occurs within cultivated lands, salt
marshes and breeds in native grasslands
adjacent to inundated areas. Not
expected to occur onsite based on a lack
of suitable nesting habitat.
May occasionally forage onsite. Not
expected to breed onsite based on a lack
of suitable nesting habitat.
Occurs near lakes and ponds. Not
expected to occur onsite based on a lack
of suitable foraging and nesting habitat.
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Common Name Listing Comments
Scientific Name Status
Southern California Rufous-crowned CWL May occasionally forage onsite. Suitable
Sparrow HC habitat is located immediately south of
Aimophila ruficeps canescens Adams Street within the coastal sage
scrub vegetation. Not expected to breed
onsite based on a lack of suitable nesting
habitat.
Southwestern Willow Flycatcher FE/SE Occurs in riparian habitat. Not expected to
Empidonax trail/ii extimus HC occur onsite based on a lack of suitable
nesting habitat.
Western Snowy Plover FT/SSC Nests on beaches and banks of lagoons
Charadrius alexandrinus nivosus HC and estuaries. Not expected to occur
onsite based on a lack of suitable nesting
habitat.
White-faced Ibis SWL Occurs in marsh habitats. Not expected to
P/egadis chihi HC occur onsite based on a lack of suitable
forai:iinQ and nestini:i habitat.
White-tailed Kite SFP May occasionally forage onsite. Not
E/anus leucurus expected to breed onsite based on a lack
of suitable nestini:i habitat.
Yellow-breasted Chat SSC Occurs within riparian and adjacent scrub
/cteria virens HC habitats. Not expected to occur onsite
based on a lack of suitable foraging and
nestinQ habitat.
MAMMALS
Pacific Pocket Mouse FE/SSC Occurs in river and marine alluvium.
Perognathus longimembris pacificus Although suitable soils were documented
onsite, the species is not expected to
occur onsite based on the disturbed
condition of the site a lack of suitable
vegetative habitat. USFWS Permit
780566-13
Stephens' Kangaroo Rat FE/ST No kangaroo rat burrows were
Dipodomys stephensi documented onsite. Not expected to occur
onsite based on a lack of suitable habitat.
San Diego Black-Tailed Jackrabbit SSC Occurs is open scrub and grassland
Lepus califomicus bennettii habitats. Not expected to occur onsite
based on a lack of observations and
suitable habitat.
HG = Carlsbad HMP Covered, NE = MHCP Narrow Endemic Species
The orange-throated whiptail may occasionally utilize the disturbed habitats onsite for
foraging and refugia. Southern California rufous-crowned sparrow, grasshopper
sparrow, northern harrier, Cooper's hawk and white-tailed kite are expected to
occasionally forage onsite. However, nesting habitat for these bird species was not
documented within the Project Site. Although the coastal California gnatcatcher has
been documented southwest of the Project Site within coastal sage scrub located south
of Adams Street, as shown in Figure 7, Sensitive Species Observations, the species is
not expected to breed or forage onsite based on a complete lack of suitable habitat.
The Project Site is not located within a USFWS designated critical habitat for any
federally listed species.
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Figure 7 -Sensitive Species Occurrences
Biological Resources Technical Report
Klovanish Residence APN: 206-180-041
C..ADRE [!] ~ m
1 .,.,7,,.
4.7 REGIONAL CONNECTIVITY/WILDLIFE MOVEMENT CORRIDORS
Overview
Wildlife corridors link areas of suitable habitat that are otherwise separated by rugged
terrain, changes in vegetation , or human disturbance. The fragmentation of open space
areas by urbanization creates isolated "islands" of wildlife habitat. In the absence of
habitat linkages that allow movement to adjoining open space areas, various studies
have concluded that some wildlife species, especially the larger and more mobile
mammals, will not likely persist over time in fragmented or isolated habitat areas
because they prohibit the infusion of new individuals and genetic information (MacArthur
and Wilson 1967; Soule 1987; Harris and Gallager 1989; Bennett 1990). Corridors
effectively act as links between different populations of a species. A group of smaller
populations (termed "demes") linked together via a system of corridors is termed a
"metapopulation." The long-term health of each deme within the metapopulation is
dependent upon its size and the frequency of interchange of individuals (immigration vs.
emigration). The smaller the deme, the more important immigration becomes, because
prolonged inbreeding with the same individuals can reduce genetic variability.
Immigrant individuals that move into the deme from adjoining demes mate with
individuals and supply that deme with new genes and gene combinations that increases
overall genetic diversity. An increase in a population's genetic variability is generally
associated with an increase in a population's health.
Corridors mitigate the effects of habitat fragmentation by:
(1) allowing animals to move between remaining habitats, which allows depleted
populations to be replenished and promotes genetic diversity;
(2) providing escape routes from fire, predators, and human disturbances, thus
reducing the risk that catastrophic events (such as fires or disease) will result in
population or local species extinction ; and
(3) serving as travel routes for individual animals as they move within their home
ranges in search of food, water, mates, and other needs (Noss 1983; Fahrig and
Merriam 1985; Simberloff and Cox 1987; Harris and Gallagher 1989).
Wildlife movement activities usually fall into one of three movement categories: (1)
dispersal (e.g ., juvenile animals from natal areas, individuals extending range
distributions); (2) seasonal migration; and (3) movements related to home range
activities (foraging for food or water, defending territories, searching for mates,
breeding areas, or cover). A number of terms have been used in various wildlife
movement studies, such as "wildlife corridor", "travel route", "habitat linkage", and
"wildlife crossing" to refer to areas in which wildlife moves from one area to another. To
clarify the meaning of these terms and facilitate the discussion on wildlife movement in
this study, these terms are defined as follows:
Travel Route: A landscape feature (such as a ridge line, drainage, canyon, or riparian
strip) within a larger natural habitat area that is used frequently by animals to facilitate
movement and provide access to necessary resources (e.g., water, food , cover, den
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Klovanish Residence
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sites). The travel route is generally preferred because it provides the least amount of
topographic resistance in moving from one area to another; it contains adequate food,
water, and/or cover while moving between habitat areas; and provides a relatively direct
link between target habitat areas.
Wildlife Corridor. A piece of habitat, usually linear in nature, that connects two or more
habitat patches that would otherwise be fragmented or isolated from one another.
Wildlife corridors are usually bounded by urban land areas or other areas unsuitable for
wildlife. The corridor generally contains suitable cover, food, and/or water to support
species and facilitate movement while in the corridor. Larger, landscape-level corridors
(often referred to as "habitat or landscape linkages") can provide both transitory and
resident habitat for a variety of species.
Wildlife Crossing: A small, narrow area, relatively short in length and generally
constricted in nature, that allows wildlife to pass under or through an obstacle or barrier
that otherwise hinders or prevents movement. Crossings typically are manmade and
include culverts, underpasses, drainage pipes, and tunnels to provide access across or
under roads, highways, pipelines, or other physical obstacles. These are often "choke
points" along a movement corridor.
Wildlife Movement within Project Site
The Project Site is bordered by existing residential development, developed (Adams
Street) and disturbed habitats. The Project Site does not represent a travel route,
wildlife corridor or wildlife crossing based on the definitions provided above.
The Project Site is not located within the Focus Planning Area including core, linkage or
Special Resource Area (City of Carlsbad 2004).
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5.0 REGIONAL AND REGULATORY SETTING
The following section describes the project compliance with local federal and state
regulations.
5.1 LOCAL
As stated by the City of Carlsbad:
Multiple Habitat Conservation Program
"Under the California NCCP Act, the cities of Carlsbad, Encinitas, Escondido,
Oceanside, San Marcos, Solana Beach, and Vista participated in the preparation of the
MHCP, a comprehensive plan that addresses the needs of multiple plant and animal
species in northwestern San Diego County. The MHCP Subregional Plan was adopted
and certified by the San Diego Association of Governments (SANDAG) Board of
Directors in March 2003. The intent is that each jurisdiction will implement their
respective portions of the MHCP Plan through citywide "subarea" plans, which describe
the specific policies each city will institute for the MHCP.4" (City of Carlsbad 2014)
Habitat Management Plan for Natural Communities in the City of Carlsbad
"The City of Carlsbad prepared a subarea plan as a part of the MHCP, called the
"Habitat Management Plan for Natural Communities in the City of Carlsbad," (HMP)
which was adopted by the Carlsbad City Council in November 2004. The HMP outlines
specific conservation, management, facility siting, land use, and other measures that
the city will take to preserve the diversity of habitat and protect sensitive biological
resources in the city while also allowing for additional development and growth as
anticipated under the city's General Plan. Formal approval and adoption of the HMP
occurred through issuance of a permit by wildlife agencies, namely USFWS and CDFW,
as well as execution of an implementation agreement between the city and the wildlife
agencies. To date, Carlsbad's HMP is the only adopted subarea plan in the MHCP
subregion. The Carlsbad HMP preserve contains natural habitats that are necessary to
sustain threatened, listed, or sensitive species, and to maintain biological value.
According to the permit issued by the wildlife agencies, the HMP is required to establish
a preserve of 6,478 acres of natural habitat (within the city's jurisdictional boundary), as
well as an additional 308 acres of "core area" habitat for the coastal California
gnatcatcher (outside of the city's jurisdiction). One of the HMP management goals is to
conserve a full range of vegetation community types, with an emphasis on sensitive
habitat types. As part of the HMP, the city is required to preserve 6,478 acres of land
within the city's jurisdictional boundaries and an additional 308 acres of habitat for the
coastal California gnatcatcher outside of the city's jurisdiction (i.e., "gnatcatcher core'}
The number of acres of each habitat projected to be conserved in the HMP is given in
Table 3.3-2, for a total of 6,786 acres. As shown in Table 3.3-3, as of October 31, 2012,
the city had preserved 5,877 acres within the city's boundaries (91 percent of the HMP
target) and 280 acres outside the city's boundaries (91 percent of the HMP target) for
the gnatcatcher core; there is a remaining 601 acres within the city's boundaries and 28
acres outside the city's boundaries to be preserved to meet the HMP requirements."
(City of Carlsbad 2014)
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Habitat Management Plan for Natural Communities in the City of Carlsbad
Consistency Analysis
City of Carlsbad Coastal Zone Conservation Standards
(7-1) Environmentally Sensitive Habitat Areas (ESHA)
Environmental Sensitive Habitat Areas (ESHA) shall be protected against significant
disruption of habitat values. Only uses dependent on those resources shall be allowed
within those areas. ESHA is defined as "any area in which plant or animal life or their
habitats are either rare or especially valuable because of their special nature or role in
an ecosystem and which could be easily disturbed or degraded by human activities and
developments."
No ESHA are located within the Project Site. The property is heavily disturbed and
dominated by ornamental vegetation. No native or sensitive vegetation communities
were documented onsite. The proposed project is in compliance with the standard.
(7-2) Coastal Sage Scrub
Conserve a minimum of 67% of the coastal sage scrub habitat and 75% of the
gnatcatchers onsite.
No coastal sage scrub vegetation was documented within or immediately adjacent to
the Project Site. The closest coastal sage scrub vegetation is located south of Adams
Street, adjacent to the Agua Hedionda Lagoon. This region will not be directly impacted
as a result of project initiation. The proposed project is in compliance with the standard.
(7-3) Oak Woodland
No individual oak or oak woodland vegetation is located within or adjacent to the Project
Site. The proposed project is in compliance with the standard.
(7-4) Streams
No streams are located within or adjacent to the Project Site. The proposed project is in
compliance with the standard.
(7-5) Ephemeral Drainages and Ephemeral Streams
No ephemeral drainages or streams are located within or adjacent to the Project Site.
The proposed project is in compliance with the standard.
(7-6) Wetlands
No impacts to wetlands are allowed except where stated in the California Public
Resources Code Section 30233. If impacts to wetlands are allowed, mitigation shall be
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provided at a ratio of 3:1 for riparian impacts and 4:1 for impacts to saltwater or
freshwater wetland, or marsh.
No wetlands or riparian habitat are located within or adjacent to the Project Site. The
proposed project is in compliance with the standard.
(7-7) Wetland Mitigation Requirements
No wetlands or riparian habitat are located within or adjacent to the Project Site. The
proposed project is in compliance with the standard.
(7-8} No Net Loss of Habitats
A no net loss standard applies to coastal sage scrub, maritime succulent scrub,
southern maritime chaparral, southern mixed chaparral, native grassland, and oak
woodland. Mitigation shall include a creation component that achieves the no-net-loss
standard. Substantial restoration may be substituted for creation if approved by wildlife
agencies and CCC.
No coastal sage scrub, maritime succulent scrub, southern maritime chaparral, southern
mixed chaparral, native grassland, and/or oak woodland was documented within or
immediately adjacent to the Project Site. The proposed project is in compliance with the
standard.
(7-9) Upland Habitat
Mitigation will typically include creation at a ratio of least 1: 1 . Onsite mitigation is not
eligible for mitigation credit in the Coastal Zone. Onsite or offsite areas may be used for
mitigation if habitat is disturbed and suitable for restoration or enhancement, or if habitat
is devoid of habitat value and therefore eligible for the 1 :1 creation/substantial
restoration mitigation component. Mitigation should be provided within the Coastal
Zone.
No coastal sage scrub, maritime succulent scrub, southern maritime chaparral, southern
mixed chaparral, native grassland, and/or oak woodland will be impacted. No mitigation
is proposed. The proposed project is in compliance with the standard.
(7-10) Highly Constrained Properties
(a) If more than 80% of property is covered with ESHA, at least 75% of the property
shall be conserved, or (b) If the City approves a hardline preserve boundary for these
properties as part of the HMP, the amount of onsite preservation as identified in the
hardline boundary will apply.
The Project Site does not occur within an ESHA or proposed/existing hardline preserve
area. No conservation is proposed. The proposed project is in compliance with the
standard. '
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(7-11) Buffers and Fuel Modification Zones
Minimum buffers between all preserved habitat and development are (a) 100 ft. for
wetlands; (b) 50 ft. for riparian areas; (c) 20 ft. for native uplands • No development,
grading, or alteration shall occur within a buffer except (a) Fuel modification in Zone 3 to
max of 20 ft. for upland and non-riparian habitat, and not within 50 ft. of riparian,
wetland or oak woodland habitat; (b) some recreational trails and paths (see 7-11 for
details) • Buffer areas that do not contain native habitat will be landscaped using native
plants.
The Project Site is bordered by existing residential, developed (Adams Street) and
disturbed habitat. The Project Site does not occur within an ESHA or proposed/existing
hardline preserve area. The proposed project is in compliance with the standard.
(7-12) Grading and Landscaping Requirements
See model grading ordinance in Carlsbad Master Drainage Plan; (a) Grading in the
Coastal Zone has generally been prohibited during the rainy season, Oct 1 to April 1;
(however, pursuant to revisions to the City Zoning Ordinance processed through a Local
Coastal Plan Amendment, grading is allowed if appropriate Best Management Practices
(BMPs) are established); (b) All graded areas will be landscaped by October 1 to reduce
erosion. Exceptions to these guidelines may be approved as described in 7-12. For
example, habitat should not be cleared during the bird breeding season (Sept 15 -
March 15) unless birds are cleared from the habitat first.
Project initiation including grading and landscaping activities will comply with all
standards including compliance with the federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act as discussed
in the section titled, Environmental Impacts. The proposed project is in compliance with
the standard.
(7-13) City Owned Lands Adjacent to Macario Canyon and Veterans
Memorial Park
The Project Site is not located adjacent to Macario Canyon or Veterans Memorial Park.
The proposed project is in compliance with the standard.
(7-14) Parcel-Specific Standards
The following properties have parcel specific standards -specific parcels in Zones 20
and 21 that are located within biological core and linkage areas. The Project Site is not
located in Zones 20 or 21 where biological core or linkages areas have been
designated. The proposed project is in compliance with the standard.
Special Status Species
None of the twenty-six (26) HMP sensitive and narrow endemic plant species were
detected and/or are expected to occur onsite due to a lack of suitable habitat, soils
and/or existing site conditions.
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One (1) CNPS CRPR List 2B.1 sensitive plant species, California adolphia was
detected during the site assessment. Specifically, 3-5 California adolphia plants were
documented immediately adjacent (offsite) to the southwest Project Site boundary
(Adams Street right-of-way) as illustrated in Figure 7, Sensitive Species Occurrences.
Two (2) recently cleared shrubs (stumps/vegetative material remaining) documented
onsite were likely Adolphia californica specimens. The two (2) specimens onsite do not
provide long term conservation value. No mitigation proposed.
Six (6) of the thirty-five (35) HMP sensitive and narrow endemic wildlife species may
occasionally occur within the Project Site including the orange-throated whiptail,
Cooper's hawk, northern harrier, white-tailed kite, grasshopper sparrow, and Southern
California rufous-crowned sparrow. However, the disturbed condition of the Project Site
does not provide nesting habitat for sensitive bird species and/or long term conservation
value. Although the coastal California gnatcatcher has been documented southwest of
the Project Site within coastal sage scrub habitat located south of Adams Street, as
shown in Figure 7, Sensitive Species Observations, the species is not expected to
breed or forage onsite based on a complete lack of suitable habitat. Project
implementation will not directly impact the species. However, pre-construction nesting
bird surveys will be conducted to ensure that no direct and/or indirect impacts occur to
common or sensitive species during the breeding season.
City of Carlsbad General Plan -Open Space and Conservation Element
As outlined below, the Draft City of Carlsbad General Plan Open Space and
Conservation Elements (Chapter 4 -Recreational Element Excluded) Goals and
Polices for the preservation and protection of critical open space and natural resources
have been incorporated into the project design and mitigation approach, as warranted.
Goals -Biological Resources and Open Space for Conservation
4-G.2 Protect environmentally sensitive lands, wildlife habitats, and rare,
threatened or endangered plant and animal communities.
4-G.3 Promote conservation of hillsides and ridgelines.
The Project Site is characterized as disturbed and would not conflict with the goal of
conserving undeveloped hillsides and ridgelines. Project initiation would not conflict
with the goal of protecting sensitive habitats and lands occupied by rare and/or
threatened/endangered species.
Policies -Open Space Framework
The Project Site is characterized as disturbed and would not conflict with the goal of
developing an Open Space Framework.
Policies -Habitat and Open Space Conservation
The proposed project has been designed to ensure compliance with all HMP standards
and provisions including the protection of sensitive resources, adjacency guidelines,
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and wildlife corridor analysis. Project initiation would not conflict with the goal of the
HMP.
Policies -Water Quality
No wetlands, riparian habitat or vernal pools regulated by the USAGE, CDFW, or
RWQCB were documented within the Project Site. Project initiation would not conflict
with water quality policies.
5.2 FEDERAL
Federal Endangered Species Act
The MHCP and City of Carlsbad HMP serve as an HCP pursuant to Section 1 0(a)(1 )(B)
of the FESA of 1973, allowing participating jurisdictions to authorize "take" of plant and
wildlife species. The MHCP has been issued under this Section and provides incidental
take for all covered species.
Clean Water Act
The USAGE Regulatory Program regulates activities pursuant to Section 404 of the
federal CWA.
Although not expressly defined it is assumed that the USAGE Manual (Environmental
Laboratory 1987) for delineating wetlands should be used in determining the presence
of wetland indicators in vernal pools. With the exception of wetlands created for the
purpose of providing wetlands habitat or resulting from human actions to create open
waters or from the alteration of natural stream courses, areas demonstrating
characteristics as described above which are artificially created are not included in
these definitions.
As stated by the USAGE: "(a) The term waters of the United States means, (1) all
waters which are currently used, or were used in the past, or may be susceptible to use
in interstate or foreign commerce, including all waters which are subject to the ebb and
flow of the tide; (2) all interstate waters including interstate wetlands; and (3) all other
waters such as intrastate lakes, rivers, streams (including intermittent streams),
mudflats, sandflats, wetlands, sloughs, prairie potholes, wet meadows, playa lakes, or
natural ponds, the use, degradation or destruction of which could affect interstate or
foreign commerce including any such waters" (33 C.F.R. § 328.3).
The USAGE generally takes jurisdiction within rivers and streams to the "ordinary high
water mark," determined by erosion, the deposition of vegetation or debris, and changes
in vegetation or soil characteristics (33 C.F.R. § 328.4). However, if there is no federal
nexus to navigable waters, these waters are considered "isolated" and thus not subject
to their jurisdiction.
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Migratory Bird Treaty and Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Acts
Migratory birds including resident raptors and passerines are protected under the
federal MBTA. The MBTA of 1918 implemented the 1916 convention between the
United States and Great Britain for the protection of birds migrating between the U.S.
and Canada. Similar conventions between the United States and Mexico (1936), Japan
(1972) and the Union of Soviet Socialists Republics (1976) further expanded the scope
of international protection of migratory birds. Each new treaty has been incorporated
into the MBTA as an amendment and the provisions of the new treaty are implemented
domestically. These four treaties and their enabling legislation, the MBTA, established
Federal responsibilities for the protection of nearly all species of birds, their eggs and
nests.
The MBTA makes it illegal for people to "take" migratory birds, their eggs, feathers or
nests. Take is defined in the MBTA to include by any means or in any manner, any
attempt at hunting, pursuing, wounding, killing, possessing or transporting any migratory
bird, nest, egg, or part thereof. The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act affords
additional protection to all bald and golden eagles.
5.3 STATE
California Endangered Species Act
The CESA is similar to FESA in that it contains a process for listing of species
regulating potential impacts to listed species. Section 2081 of the CESA authorizes the
CDFW to enter into a memorandum of agreement for take of listed species for scientific,
educational, or management purposes. The MHCP and City of Carlsbad HMP serve as
an HCP pursuant the Natural Communities Conservation Plan (NCCP) under the NCCP
Act of 2001, allowing participating jurisdictions to authorize "take" of plant and wildlife
species.
Native Plant Protection Act
The Native Plant Protection Act (NPPA) enacted a process by which plants are listed as
rare or endangered. The NPPA regulates collection, transport, and commerce in plants
that are listed. The CESA follows the NPPA and covers both plants and wildlife
determined to be threatened with extinction or endangered. Plants listed as rare under
the NPPA are designated as threated under the CESA.
Porter-Cologne Water Quality Control Act
The RWQCB regulates activities pursuant to Section 401 (a)(1) of the federal CWA as
well as the Porter Cologne Water Quality Control Act of 1969 (California Water Code
section 13260). Section 401 of the CWA specifies that certification from the State is
required for any applicant requesting a federal license or permit to conduct any activity
including but not limited to the construction or operation of facilities that may result in
any discharge into navigable waters. The certification shall originate from the State in
which the discharge originates or will originate, or, if appropriate, from the interstate
water pollution control agency having jurisdiction over the navigable water at the point
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where the discharge originates or will originate. Any such discharge will comply with the
applicable provisions of Sections 301, 302, 303, 306, and 307 of the CWA. The Porter
Cologne Act requires "any person discharging waste, or proposing to discharge waste,
within any region that could affect the waters of the state to file a report of discharge (an
application for waste discharge requirements (WDRs))" (Water Code § 13260(a)(1 )).
Discharge of fill material into "waters" of the State which does not fall under the
jurisdiction of the USACE pursuant to Section 404 of the CWA may require
authorization through application for WDRs or through waiver of WDRs.
Streambed Alteration Agreement
The CDFW regulates activities within streambeds, lakes, and wetlands pursuant to
Division 2, Chapter 6, Section 1600 of the California Fish and Game Code (Streambed
Alteration) and has jurisdiction of "waters" of the State. Regulated activities are those
that "will substantially divert, obstruct, or substantially change the natural flow or bed,
channel or bank of any river, stream, or lake or extends to the limit of the adjacent
riparian vegetation designated by the department in which there is at any time an
existing fish or wildlife resource or from which these resources derive benefit."
(California. Fish & Wildlife Code, § 1602).
6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
The following sections include an analysis of the direct impacts, indirect impacts, and
cumulative effects of the proposed action on sensitive biological resources. This
analysis characterizes the project related activities that are anticipated to adversely
impact the species, and when feasible, quantifies such impacts. Direct effects are
defined as actions that may cause an immediate effect on the species or its habitat,
including the effects of interrelated actions and interdependent actions. Indirect effects
are caused by or result from the proposed actions, are later in time, and are reasonably
certain to occur. Indirect effects may occur outside of the area directly affected by the
proposed action.
Cumulative impacts refer to incremental, individual environmental effects of two or more
projects when considered together. These impacts taken individually may be minor but
may be collectively significant. Cumulative effects include future tribal, local, or private
actions that are reasonably certain to occur in the proposal vicinity considered in this
report. A cumulative impact to biological resources may occur if a project has the
potential to collectively degrade the quality of the environment, substantially reduce the
habitat of wildlife species or cause a population to drop below self-sustaining levels,
thereby threatening to eliminate a plant or animal community, or reduce the number or
restrict the range of a rare or endangered plant or animal species.
6.1 THRESHOLD OF SIGNIFICANCE
The environmental impacts relative to biological resources are assessed using impact
significance criteria which mirror the policy statement contained in the CEQA at Section
21001 (c) of the Public Resources Code. This section reflects that the legislature has
established it to be the policy of the state to:
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"Prevent the elimination of fish and wildlife species due to man's activities,
ensure that fish and wildlife populations do not drop below self-
perpetuating levels, and preserve for future generations representations of
all plant and animal communities ... "
The following definitions apply to the significance criteria for biological resources:
• "Endangered' means that the species is listed as endangered under state or federal
law.
• "Threatened' means that the species is listed as threatened under state or federal
law.
• "Rare" means that the species exists in such small numbers throughout all or a
significant portion of its range that it may become endangered if its environment
worsens.
• "Region" refers to the area within southern California that is within the range of the
individual species.
• "Sensitive habitaf' refers to habitat for plants and animals (1) which plays a special
role in perpetuating species utilizing the habitat on the property, and (2) without
which there would be substantial danger that the population of that species would
drop below self-perpetuating levels.
• "Substantial effecf' means significance loss or harm of a magnitude which, based on
current scientific data and knowledge, (1) would cause a species or a native plant or
animal community to drop below self-perpetuating levels on a statewide or regional
basis or (2) would cause a species to become threatened or endangered.
Impacts to biological resources may result in a significant adverse impact if one or more
of the following conditions would result from implementation of the proposed project.
• Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modification, on
any endangered, or threatened species, as listed in Tittle 14 of the California Code
of Regulations (Sections 670.2 or 670.5) or Title 50, Code of Federal Regulations
(Sections 17.11 or 17.12). No Impact.
• Have a substantial adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modification, on
any species identified as a candidate, sensitive, or special status species in local or
regional plans, policies, or regulations, or by the CDFW or USFWS, and meets the
definition of Section 15380 (b), (c), or (d) of the CEQA Guidelines. Less than
significant.
• Have a substantial adverse effect on any riparian habitat or other sensitive natural
community identified in local or regional plans, policies, and regulations or by the
CDFW or USFWS. No impact.
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• Have a substantial adverse effect on federally protected wetlands as defined by
Section 404 of the CWA (including, but not limited to, marsh, vernal pool, coastal,
etc.) through direct removal, filling, hydrological interruption, or other means. No
impact.
• Interfere substantially with the movement of any native resident or migratory fish and
wildlife species or with established native resident migratory wildlife corridors, or
impede the use of native nursery sites. Less than significant with mitigation
incorporated.
• Conflict with any local policies or ordinances protecting biological resources, such as
a tree preservation policy or ordinance. No impact.
• Conflict with the provisions of an adopted HCP, NCCP, or other approved local,
regional, or state conservation plan. No Impact.
Also, the determination of impacts has been made according to the federal definition of
"take". FESA prohibits the "taking'' of a member of an endangered or threatened wildlife
species or removing, damaging, or destroying a listed plant species by any person
(including private individuals and private or government entities). FESA defines "take"
as "to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, would, kill, trap, capture or collect:' an
endangered or threatened species, or to attempt to engage in these activities.
6.2 DIRECT IMPACTS
Vegetation Communities
A total of 0.42-acre of onsite and 0.02-acre offsite (0.44-acre total) vegetation
communities will be directly impacted as a result of project implementation as
summarized in Table 4, Vegetation Community Impacts, and illustrated on Figure 8,
Vegetation Communities Impact Map. Direct impacts to disturbed vegetation will be
mitigated to a level of less than significant by implementing Biological Mitigation
Measures (BIO-MM1)
Table 4 -Vegetation Community Impacts
Vegetation Community
Disturbed
TOTAL
Source: Cadre Environmental 2016.
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Total
Assessment
Area (ac)
0.42
0.42
37
Permanent
Onsite
Impact (ac)
0.42
0.42
Permanent Total
Offsite Impacts
Impact (ac) • (ac)
0.02 0.44
0.02 0.44
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Sensitive Habitats
No sensitive habitats were documented within or adjacent to the Project Site. No
impact.
Sensitive Plants
The proposed project would not impact any federal/state threatened or endangered
plant species. No impact.
Two (2) recently cleared shrubs (stumps/vegetative material remaining) documented
onsite were likely Adolphia californica specimens. Also, a total of 3-5 A. ca/ifornica
plants were documented south of the Project Site within the Adams Street right-of-way
impact area. The proposed project would permanently impact between five (5) and
seven (7) A. californica specimens listed as a CNPS CRPR List 2B.1 sensitive plants.
The loss of up to seven (7) A. californica shrubs would not result in a substantial
adverse effect, either directly or through habitat modification. Less than significant.
Sensitive Wildlife
Southern California rufous-crowned sparrow, grasshopper sparrow, northern harrier,
Cooper's hawk and white-tailed kite are expected to occasionally forage within the
disturbed vegetation documented onsite. The orange-throated whiptail may occasionally
utilize the disturbed vegetation habitat for foraging and refugia. Impacts to sensitive
wildlife species would be reduced to less than significant with the implementation of
BIO-MM1.
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Vegetation Communities
LJ Disturbed
Oberbauer et al. 2008. Classification
Figure 8 -Vegetation Communities Impact Map C~D RE [!]
Biological Resources Technical Report ~ m
L._ ____ K_l_o_v_an_i_sh_R_e_s_id_e_n_ce_A_P_N_:_2_0_6_-1_8_0_-0_4_1 ______________ ___, ,..,::,.
Jurisdictional Resources
No wetlands, riparian habitat or vernal pools regulated by the USAGE, CDFW, or
RWQCB were documented within the Project Site. No Impact.
As warranted, the project will comply with all applicable water quality regulations
including the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit process.
The implementation of applicable Best Management Practices (BMPs) during
construction activities and the installation and proper maintenance of structural BMPs
will ensure compliance with water quality regulations
Wildlife Movement within Project Site
The Project Site is bordered by existing residential development, developed (Adams
Street) and disturbed habitats. The Project Site does not represent a travel route,
wildlife corridor or wildlife crossing. The Project Site is not located within the Focus
Planning Area including core, linkage or Special Resource Area (City of Carlsbad 2004).
No impact.
City of Carlsbad General Plan -Open Space and Conservation Element
All project elements are consistent with the provisions and goals of the MHCP, HMP
and City of Carlsbad Draft General Plan.
Hardline Preserve Area
The Project Site is not located within a proposed or existing hardline area (City of
Carlsbad 2004).
Standards Area
The Project Site is not located within a standards area (City of Carlsbad 2004) and
therefore is not subject to Local Facilities Management Zone 1 standards (City of
Carlsbad 2004). However, the open space habitat located south of the Project Site and
Adams Street is located within a standards area (Zone 1) and therefore potential edge
effects will be addressed and mitigated as warranted.
Coastal Zone
The Project Site is located completely within the coastal zone and a special set of
conservation standards has been reviewed as addressed in the previous section titled ,
Regional and Regulatory Setting.
6.3 INDIRECT IMPACTS
The following section addresses potential indirect impacts associated with proposed
development adjacent to existing or proposed open space areas. Specifically, the
Project Site is located 40ft. from a Standards Area (Zone 1 ). Therefore, the following
outline summarizes the proposed project respective of each HMP adjacency standard
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(HMP F.3) for properties in proximity to existing or proposed conserved open space
areas. As stated by the City of Carlsbad:
"The HMP will result in an urban wildlife preserve system in which
conserved habitat areas are adjacent to development of various types. In
order to prevent negative effects of either area on the other, these
adjacency standards must be addressed in the planning of any
development/habitat interface: " (City of Carlsbad 2004)
Fuel Management
Where existing Hardline Preserve areas are adjacent to existing developed areas, the
fuel management zone may continue to encroach into the preserve. However, where
new development or preservation is planned, fuel management must be incorporated
within the development boundaries and cannot encroach into the preserve.
The Project Site is not located within or adjacent to a proposed or existing hardline area
(City of Carlsbad 2004). The closest conservation area is located approximately 450 ft.
southwest of the Project Site (Agua Hedionda Lagoon). Therefore, no significant
impacts from fuel management are anticipated.
Positioning of Fuel Modification Areas
Fuel reduction zones, fire breaks and access routes should be positioned to (1) avoid
sensitive biological resources, (2) be located at the top or bottom of (not across) a
slope, or (3) be located along existing fire breaks where available.
The Project Site is not located within or adjacent to a proposed or existing hardline area
(City of Carlsbad 2004). The closest conservation area is located approximately 450 ft.
southwest of the Project Site (Agua Hedionda Lagoon). Therefore, no significant
impacts from fuel modification zones are anticipated.
Erosion Control Measures
Erosion control measures should be implemented to avoid new surface drainage or
erosion within or near the preserve.
The Project Site is not located within or adjacent to a proposed or existing hardline area
(City of Carlsbad 2004). The closest conservation area is located approximately 450 ft.
southwest of the Project Site (Agua Hedionda Lagoon). Therefore, no significant
impacts from erosion are anticipated.
Non-Native/Invasive Species
The use of non-native or invasive plant species in landscaping for public projects
adjacent to preserves is prohibited.
No invasive non-native plant species including but not limited to the list of invasive
exotic plants occurring or potentially occurring in the City of Carlsbad as listed in the
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HMP (Tat>;; 12) will be used in project landscaping. Therefore, no significant impacts
are anticipated.
Native Plants
Native plants used for restoration or revegetation should be obtained from local genetic
stock to avoid genetic contamination of native species.
The Project Site is not located within or adjacent to a proposed or existing hardline area
(City of Carlsbad 2004). The closest conservation area is located approximately 450 ft.
southwest of the Project Site (Agua Hedionda Lagoon). No restoration or revegetation
efforts are proposed for the project. Therefore, no significant impacts from genetic
contamination of native species are anticipated to result.
Irrigation Runoff
Irrigation runoff should be prevented from entering into the preserve from adjacent
landscaping to reduce nitrogen, pesticides, and excess moisture.
The Project Site is not located within or adjacent to a proposed or existing hardline area
(City of Carlsbad 2004). The closest conservation area is located approximately 450 ft.
southwest of the Project Site (Agua Hedionda Lagoon). Therefore, no significant
impacts from irrigation runoff are anticipated.
Signage and Fencing
Signage and fencing should be used as necessary to prevent harmful or unauthorized
use of the adjacent preserve, and to protect animals from road kill mortality. Fences that
restrict animal movement across movement corridors and habitat linkages should be
removed.
The Project Site is not located within or adjacent to a proposed or existing hardline area
(City of Carlsbad 2004). The closest conservation area is located approximately 450 ft.
southwest of the Project Site (Agua Hedionda Lagoon). The Project Site does not
represent an access route to the Agua Hedionda Lagoon conserved area. Therefore, no
significant impacts from unauthorized use of property to access the Agua Hedionda
Lagoon preserve is anticipated.
Lighting
Lighting adjacent to preserves should be reduced (low pressure sodium lighting) and/or
shielded.
The Project Site (single family residence) is not located within or adjacent to a proposed
or existing hard line area (City of Carlsbad 2004 ). The closest conservation area is
located approximately 450 ft. southwest of the Project Site (Agua Hedionda Lagoon).
However, due to the proximity of the Project Site to Standards Area Zone 1, all
proposed lighting will be directed away from this region. Therefore, no significant
impacts from lighting are anticipated to result as a result of project approval.
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Noise
Although common and/or sensitive bird species are not expected to nest onsite,
mitigation for potential indirect impacts to common and/or sensitive nesting bird species
within 500ft of the property will require compliance with the federal MBT A. Construction
outside the nesting season (between September 15th and February 15th) do not require
pre-removal nesting bird surveys. The loss of any nest for bird species covered by the
MBTA would be considered a potentially significant impact.
Specifically, the project has the potential to result in significant indirect impacts to
common and/or sensitive nesting birds potentially occurring 50 ft. southwest of the
Project Site within the coastal sage scrub habitat (Zone 1 Standards Area), due to noise
levels generated during project construction within the general bird breeding season
(February 15 to September 15). Additionally, significant indirect impacts to nesting
coastal California gnatcatcher within the coastal sage scrub located south of the Project
Site may potentially result from construction noise generated during the gnatcatcher
breeding season (March 1 to August 15). Mitigation measures to avoid indirect impacts
from noise to nesting birds are identified in BIO-MM2. Additionally, project design
features intended to further reduce potential noise impacts include the following:
• During all Project Site excavation and grading, the construction contractors shall
equip all construction equipment, fixed or mobile, with properly operating and
maintained mufflers, consistent with manufacturers' standards.
• The construction contractor shall place all stationary construction equipment so
that emitted noise is directed away from sensitive receptors nearest the Project
Site.
• The construction contractor shall locate equipment staging in areas that will create
the greatest distance between construction-related noise sources and sensitive
receptors nearest the Project Site during all project construction.
• The construction contractor shall limit all construction-related activities that would
result in high noise levels according to the construction hours to be determined by
City of Carlsbad staff.
• The construction contractor shall limit haul truck deliveries to the same hours
specified for construction equipment. To the extent feasible, haul routes shall not
pass sensitive land uses.
Therefore, no significant impacts from noise generating equipment during the breeding
season are anticipated to result.
The above measures would serve to minimize adverse project effects on conservation
configurations and would minimize management challenges that can arise during
development located adjacent to open space and/or conservation habitat. The project
design and BMPs incorporated into the proposed project will address and minimize
edge effects associated with the adjacency standards.
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6.4 CUMULATIVE IMPACTS
The temporary direct and/or indirect impacts of the project would not result in significant
cumulative impacts (CEQA Section 15310) to environmental resources within the region
of the Project Site. Cumulative impacts refer to incremental effects of an individual
project when assessed with the effects of past, current, and proposed projects. The
0.42-acre (0.02 offsite) single residential development Project Site has been identified
as a "Development Area" in the City of Carlsbad's HMP (City of Carlsbad. 2004). The
MHCP and HMP was developed to address the comprehensive regional planning effort
and anticipated growth in the City of Carlsbad. The proposed project has been
designed and mitigated to remain in compliance with all MHCP and HMP conservation
goals and guidelines and therefore will not result in an adverse cumulative impact.
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7.0 MITIGATION MEASURES
The following biological mitigation measures address those adverse impacts determined
to be potentially significant, or are relevant to the protection of biological resources to
the extent practicable as part of ensuring compliance and consistency with all MHCP
and HMP conservation goals and guidelines.
BIO-MM1 Mitigation Fee
As required by the HMP (Section D, Table 11) prior to issuance of a grading permit, the
project applicant will pay a per acre mitigation fee for a total 0.44-acre of impacts. The
project specific in lieu mitigation fee will be determined by the City Council.
BIO-MM2 Mitigation for Potential Indirect Impacts to Nesting Birds
The project has the potential to result in significant indirect impacts to common and/or
sensitive nesting birds potentially occurring 50 ft. southwest of the Project Site within the
offsite coastal sage scrub habitat, due to noise levels generated during project
construction within the general bird breeding season (February 15 to September 15).
Additionally, significant indirect impacts to nesting coastal California gnatcatcher within
the coastal sage scrub located south of the Project Site (Standards Area Zone 1) may
potentially result from construction noise generated during the gnatcatcher breeding
season (March 1 to August 15).
Construction activities should avoid the bird breeding season. However, if the nesting
season cannot be avoided, the following measures will be implemented:
• Note: The offsite suitable coastal sage scrub habitat is located on private land
(APN's 206-172-05 and 206-172-06). Authorization to access the property to
conduct the nesting bird surveys will require owner authorization. If authorization is
not granted, the City of Carlsbad will provide direction to ensure no indirect impacts
occur to nesting bird species as a result of project initiation.
• A single pre-construction nesting bird survey will be conducted by a qualified
biologist in appropriate habitat for all nesting MBTA covered bird species including
the coastal California gnatcatcher within a 500-ft survey buffer within three (3) days
of construction.
• The USFWS will be notified immediately of any federally listed species that are
located during pre-construction surveys.
• If nests of listed birds, migratory birds, raptors, or other sensitive species are
located, they will be fenced with a protective buffer of at least 500 ft. from active
nests of listed species, and 300 ft. from common bird species. All construction
activity will be prohibited within this area.
• During the breeding season, construction noise will be measured regularly to
maintain a threshold at or below 60dBA hourly Leq within 500 ft. of breeding habitat
occupied by listed species. If noise levels supersede the threshold, the construction
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array will be changed or noise attenuation measures will be implemented until a
qualified biologist determines that the nestlings have successfully fledged.
8.0 LITERATURE CITED
Beier, Paul. 1995. Dispersal of Juvenile Cougars in Fragmented Habitat. Journal of
Wildlife Management 59(2)(1995): 228-237.
Beier, Paul. 1998. Do Habitat Corridors Provide Connectivity?.
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Study. Department of Forestry and Resource Management. University of
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Braun, Clait E., ed. 1991. Mountain Lion-Human Interaction. Symposium and
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California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 2010. Natural Communities Background
Info. www.dfg.ca.gov/biogeodata/vegcamp/natural_comm_background.asp.
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California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). 2016a. Special Animals. Natural
Heritage Division, Natural Diversity Data Base.
California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), Natural Diversity Data Base (CNDDB).
2016b. Sensitive Element Record Search for the San Luis Rey Quadrangle.
California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Sacramento, California. Accessed
November 2016.
California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). 2016c. Special Vascular Plants,
Bryophytes, and Lichens. Natural Heritage Division, Natural Diversity Data
Base.
California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). 2016d. Endangered, Threatened,
and Rare Plants of California. Natural Heritage Division, Natural Diversity Data
Base.
California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW). 2016e. State and Federally Listed
Endangered and Threatened Animals of California. Natural Heritage Division,
Natural Diversity Data Base.
California Native Plant Society. 2016. Inventory of Rare and Endangered Plants in
California, 8th Edition. www.cnps.org. Accessed November 2016.
Casterline. M. 2003. Wildlife Corridor Design and Implementation in Southern Ventura
County.
City of Carlsbad, 1996. Local Coastal Program.
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City of Carlsbad, 1998. Hillside Development and Design Guidelines.
City of Carlsbad. 2004. Habitat Management Plan for Natural Communities in the City of
Carlsbad. Final Approval November 2004.
City of Carlsbad. 2008. Guidelines for Biological Studies.
City of Carlsbad. 2014. Draft General Plan & Draft Climate Action Plan -Draft
Environmental Impact Report.
Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual,
Technical Report Y-87-1, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experimental Station,
Vicksburg, Mississippi.
Erickson, C. H. and D. Belk. 1999. Fairy shrimps of California's pools, puddles, and
playas. Mad River Press. Eureka, CA.
Farhig, L. and G. Merriam. 1985. Habitat patch connectivity and population survival.
Ecology 66:1762-1768.
Ferren, W. R., Jr., P. L. Fiedler, and R. A. Leidy. 1996c. Wetlands of California. Part I.
History of wetland habitat. Madroiio 32: 105-124.
Harris, L. and Gallagher, P. 1989. New initiatives for wildlife conservation: the need for
movement corridors. In: Preserving communities and corridors: 11-34.
MacKintosh, G. (Ed.). Washington, DC: Defenders of Wildlife.
McArthur, R. and Wilson, E. 0. 1967. The theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton
University Press, 1967.
Noss, R. F. 1983. A regional landscape approach to maintain diversity. Bioscience
33:700-706.
NRCS. 2016. http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/WebSoilSurvey.aspx. Accessed
November 2016.
NRCS, 1992. Hydric Soils list of California.
Oberbauer, T., M. Kelly, and J. Buegge. 2008. Draft Vegetation Communities of San
Diego County. Based on Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural
Communities of California, Robert F. Holland, PhD., October 1986. March 2008.
SANDAG. 2003a. Final MHCP Plan for the Cities of Carlsbad, Encinitas, Escondido,
Oceanside, San Marcos, Solana Beach and Vista -Volume I.
SANDAG. 2003b. MHCP Biological Monitoring and Management Plan, Multiple Habitat
Conservation Program for the Cities of Carlsbad, Encinitas, Escondido,
Oceanside, San Marcos, Solana Beach and Vista -Volume Ill.
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Simberloff, D. and J. Cox. 1987. Consequences and cost of conservation corridors.
Conservation Biology 1 :63-71.
Skinner, M. W. and B. M. Pavlik. 1994. California Native Plant Society's Inventory of
Rare and Endangered Vascular Plants of California. California Native Plant
Society. Special Publication, no. 1, 5th ed. Sacramento, California.
Soule, M. 1987. Viable populations for conservation. Cambridge University Press.
Cambridge.
South Coast Wildlands. 2008. South Coast Mission Linkages: A Wildland Network for
the South Coast Ecoregion.
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 2016. Threatened and Endangered Species.
Pacific Southwest Region. Carlsbad Office. Available online at
http://www.fws.gov/carlsbad/SpeciesStatuslist/CFWO _Species_ Status_ List%20.
htm Accessed November 2016.
Unitt, P. 0. 2004. San Diego County Bird Atlas. Proceedings of the San Diego Society
of Natural History No. 39.
Certification "I hereby certify that the statements furnished above and in the attached
exhibits present the data and information required for this biological evaluation, and that
the facts, statements, and information presented are true and correct to the best of my
knowledge.
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Contact Ruben S Ramirez Jr 949-300-0212 r ram1rez@cadreenv1ronmental com