HomeMy WebLinkAboutCT 2018-0006; LAGUNA DRIVE SUBDIVISION; CULTURAL RESOURCE MONITORING REPORT; 2021-11-11t
CULTURAL RESOURCE
MONITORING REPORT
FOR THE LAGUNA DRIVE f'
SUBDIVISION PROJECT
570 AND 580 LAGUNA DRIVE
CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 92008
Project Nos. CT 2018-0006 / RP 2018-0008 /
CDP 2018-0032 / UDP 2018-0003 / UMP 2018-0003
APN 155-221-12
Submitted to:
City of Carlsbad
1635 Faraday Avenue
Carsbad, California 92008
Prepared for:
Brett Farrow
125 Mozart Avenue
Cardiff, California 92007
Prepared by:
Jillian L.H. Conroy and Brian F. Smith
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.
14010 Poway Road, Suite A
Poway, California 92064
November 11, 2021
C11/111ral Resource Moniloring Report for !he Laguna Drive Subdivision Projec/
Archaeological Database Information
Authors: Jillian L.H. Conroy and Brian F. Smith
Consulting Firm: Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.
140 IO Poway Road, Suite A
Poway, California 92064
(858) 679-82 I 8
Report Date: November 11 , 2021
Report Title: Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive
Subdivision Project, 570 and 580 Laguna Drive, Carlsbad,
California 92008
Prepared for: Brett Farrow
125 Mozart A venue
Cardiff, California 92007
Submitted to: City of Carlsbad
1635 Faraday A venue
Carlsbad, Cali fornia 92008
Submitted by: Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.
14010 Poway Road, Suite A
Poway, California 92064
Lead Agency Identifier: Project Numbers CT 2018-0006 I RP 2018-0008 / CDP 2018-0032
/ HDP 2018-0003 / HMP 2018-0003
USGS Quadrangle: Carlsbad, California (7.5 minute)
Study Area: 0.75 acre
Key Words: Archaeological monitoring; SDI-627; City of Carlsbad; positive
recovery; not significant.
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
Table of Contents
Section Page
I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1
II. SETTING ................................................................................................................... 1
Cultural Setting ......................................................................................................... 4
P aleoenvironment ................................................................................................ 4
Prehistory ............................................................................................................ 4
History ................................................................................................................. ?
General History of Carlsbad ............................................................................... 9
III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................... 12
IV. STUDY METHODS ................................................................................................. 12
V. RESULTSOFTHESTUDY .................................................................................... 14
Background Research .............................................................................................. 14
Field Monitoring ...................................................................................................... 14
Evaluation ................................................................................................................ 1 7
VI. RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................... 18
VII. CERTIFICATION .................................................................................................... 18
VIII.REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 18
Appendices
Appendix A -Resumes of Key Personnel
Appendix B-Site Record Form Update
Appendix C -Artifact Catalog
Figure
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
List of Figures
Page
General Location Map ................................................................................. 2
Project Location Map (USGS) .................................................................... .3
Project Development Map ......................................................................... 13
Cultural Resource Location Map ............................................................... 15
Monitoring Recovery Location Map ......................................................... 16
Plate 1
Plate 2
Table 1
Table 2
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
List of Plates
From left to right: John Frazier, his wife and daughter, Gerhard Schutte,
Samuel Church Smith, and D.D. Wadsworth standing at the platform in
Page
front of Wadsworth's mansion (left) and the Carlsbad Hotel (right) ......... 11
1896 map of the Kelly Grant division of Rancho Agua Hedionda ........... .11
List of Tables
Artifact Recovery From Site SDI-627 at the Laguna Drive Subdivision
Project ........................................................................................................ 14
Sampled Marine Shell Recovery by Species From Site SDI-627 at the
Laguna Drive Subdivision Project.. ........................................................... 17
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
I. INTRODUCTION
The Laguna Drive Subdivision Project includes the demolition of an existing 1,600-square-
foot medical office building and a single-family dwelling and the construction of 13 detached,
three-story, single-family condominiums. The approximately 0.75-acre project is located at 570
and 580 Laguna Drive within Section 1, Township 11 South, Range 4 West of the USGS San Luis
Rey Quadrangle in the city of Carlsbad, California (Figures 1 and 2). Because of the historic nature
of the area and the presence of known archaeological sites near the project, the City of Carlsbad
required mitigation measures and a Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) as
part of the project Conditions of Approval. The requirements included monitoring all excavation
and grading activities associated with the project, and a testing and significance evaluation
program should significant historic or prehistoric resources be encountered at any time during the
investigation. As defined in Public Resources Code 21083 .2, mitigation measures would be
required for any resources found to be significant. In the case of the Laguna Drive Subdivision
Project, if necessary, mitigation would be accomplished through data recovery.
Archaeological and Native American monitoring of the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
took place between August 26 , 2020 and October 26, 2021. During this time period,
archaeological work primarily consisted of cultural resource monitoring. No limitations or
constraints were encountered during the project. A total of 15 fragments of debitage, one adze,
two manos, one ground stone fragment, 11 ,403.8 grams of fire-affected rock (FAR), 2.1 grams of
fauna! bone, and 3,483.9 grams of marine shell were recovered as a result of the monitoring
program. A copy of this report will be permanently curated at the South Coastal Information
Center (SCIC) at San Diego State University (SDSU). All remaining project records will be stored
at the Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. (BFSA) offices in Poway, California.
II. SETTING
The project is located in the coastal zone in northwestern San Diego County. Geologically,
the project area is mapped as being underlain by upper Pleistocene paralic (terrace) deposits
(Wirths 2021). The existing biological setting surrounding the project ranges from landscapes
disturbed by previous development to coastal and inland sage scrub and other native species, as
well as wetlands associated with the Buena Vista Lagoon, which is adjacent to the project. The
biological environment that existed prior to modern times likely included coastal and inland sage
scrub species.
Figure 1
General Location Map
The Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
DeLorme ( I :250,000)
2
P""lw-w'*"•.,.....
0 500 Ill
0 1000 2000 fl
Figure 2
Project Location Map
The Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
USGS San Luis Rey Quadrangle (7.5-minute series)
3
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
Cultural Environment
The cultures that have been identified in the general vicinity of the project consist of a
possible Paleo Indian manifestation of the San Dieguito Complex, the Archaic and Early Milling
Stone horizons represented by the La Jolla Complex, and the Late Prehistoric Kumeyaay culture.
The area was used for ranching and farming following the Hispanic intrusion into the region,
continuing through the historic period. A brief discussion of the cultural elements within the
project is provided below.
Paleoenvironment
Because of the close relationship between prehistoric settlement and subsistence patterns
and the environment, it is necessary to understand the setting in which these systems operated. At
the end of the final period of glaciation, approximately 11,000 to 10,000 years before the present
(YBP), the sea level was considerably lower than it is now; the coastline at that time would have
been approximately two miles west of its present location (Smith and Moriarty 1985). At
approximately 7,000 YBP, the sea level rose rapidly, filling in many coastal canyons that had been
dry during the glacial period. The period between 7,000 and 4,000 YBP was characterized by
conditions that were drier and warmer than they were previously, followed by a cooler, moister
environment (Robbins-Wade 1990). Changes in sea level and coastal topography are often
manifested in archaeological sites through the types of shellfish that were utilized by prehistoric
groups. Different species of shellfish prefer certain types of environments, and dated sites that
contain shellfish remains reflect the setting that was exploited by the prehistoric occupants.
Unfortunately, pollen studies have not been conducted for this section of San Diego;
however, studies in other areas of southern California, such as Santa Barbara, indicate that the
coastal plains supported a pine forest between approximately 12,000 and 8,000 YBP (Robbins-
Wade 1990). After 8,000 YBP, this environment was replaced by more open habitats, which
supported oak and non-arboreal communities. The coastal sage scrub and chaparral environments
of today appear to have become dominant after 2,200 YBP (Robbins-Wade 1990).
Prehistory
In general, the prehistoric record of San Diego County has been documented in many
reports and studies, several of which represent the earliest scientific works concerning the
recognition and interpretation of the archaeological manifestations present in this region.
Geographer Malcolm Rogers initiated the recordation of sites in the area during the 1920s and
1930s, using his field notes to construct the first cultural sequences based upon artifact
assemblages and stratigraphy (Rogers 1966). Subsequent scholars expanded the information
gathered by Rogers and offered more academic interpretations of the prehistoric record. Moriarty
(1966, 1967, 1969), Warren (1964, 1966), and True (1958, 1966) all produced seminal works that
critically defined the various prehistoric cultural phenomena present in this region (Moratto 1984).
Additional studies have sought to refine these earlier works to a greater extent (Cardenas 1986;
4
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
Moratto 1984; Moriarty 1966, 1967; True 1970, 1980, 1986; True and Beemer 1982; True and
Pankey 1985; Waugh 1986). In sharp contrast, the current trend in San Diego prehistory has also
resulted in a revisionist group that rejects the established cultural historical sequence for San
Diego. This revisionist group (Warren et al. 1998) has replaced the concepts of La Jolla, San
Dieguito, and all of their other manifestations with an extensive, all-encompassing,
chronologically undifferentiated cultural unit that ranges from the initial occupation of southern
California to around A.D. 1000 (Bull 1983, 1987; Ezell 1983, 1987; Gallegos 1987; Kyle et al.
1990; Stropes 2007). For the present study, the prehistory of the region is divided into four major
periods: Early Man, Paleo Indian, Early Archaic, and Late Prehistoric.
Early Man Period (Prior to 8500 B.C.)
At the present time, there has been no concrete archaeological evidence to support the
occupation of San Diego County prior to 10,500 years ago. Some archaeologists, such as Carter
(1957, 1980) and Minshall (1976), have been proponents of Native American occupation of the
region as early as 100,000 years ago. However, their evidence for such claims is sparse at best
and they've lost much support over the years as more precise dating techniques have become
available for skeletal remains thought to represent early man in San Diego. In addition, many of
the "artifacts" initially identified as products of early man in the region have since been rejected
as natural products of geologic activity. Some of the local proposed Early Man Period sites include
Texas Street, Mission Valley (San Diego River Valley), Del Mar, La Jolla, Buchanan Canyon, and
Brown (Bada et al. 1974; Carter 1957, 1980; Minshall 1976, 1989; Moriarty and Minshall 1972;
Reeves 1985; Reeves et al. 1986).
Paleo Indian Period (8500 to 6000 B.C.)
For the region, it is generally accepted that the earliest identifiable culture in the
archaeological record is represented by the material remains of the Paleo Indian Period San
Dieguito Complex. The San Dieguito Complex was thought to represent the remains of a group
of people who occupied sites in this region between 10,500 and 8,000 YBP, and who were related
to or contemporaneous with groups in the Great Basin. As of yet, no absolute dates have been
forthcoming to support the great age attributed to this cultural phenomenon. The artifacts
recovered from San Dieguito Complex sites duplicate the typology attributed to the Western
Pluvial Lakes Tradition (Moratto 1984; Davis et al. 1969). These artifacts generally include
scrapers, choppers, large bifaces, and large projectile points, with few milling tools. Tools
recovered from San Dieguito Complex sites, along with the general pattern of their site locations,
led early researchers to believe that the people of the San Dieguito Complex were a wandering,
hunting, and gathering society (Moriarty 1969; Rogers 1966).
The San Dieguito Complex is the least understood of the cultures that have inhabited the
San Diego County region. This is due to an overall lack of stratigraphic information and/or datable
materials recovered from sites identified as the San Dieguito Complex. Currently, controversy
5
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
exists among researchers regarding the relationship of the San Dieguito Complex and the
subsequent cultural manifestation in the area, the La Jolla Complex. Although, firm evidence has
not been recovered to indicate whether the San Dieguito Complex "evolved" into the La Jolla
Complex, the people of the La Jolla Complex moved into the area and assimilated with the people
of the San Dieguito Complex, or the people of the San Dieguito Complex retreated from the area
due to environmental or cultural pressures.
Early Archaic Period (6000 B. C. to A.D. 0)
Based upon evidence suggesting climatic shifts and archaeologically observable changes
in subsistence strategies, a new cultural pattern is believed to have emerged in the San Diego region
around 6000 B.C. This Archaic Period pattern is believed by archaeologists to have evolved from
or replaced the San Dieguito Complex culture, resulting in a pattern referred to as the Encinitas
Tradition. In San Diego, the Encinitas Tradition is thought to be represented by the coastal La
Jolla Complex and its inland manifestation, the Pauma Complex. The La Jolla Complex is best
recognized for its pattern of shell middens and grinding tools closely associated with marine
resources and flexed burials (Shumway et al. 1961; Smith and Moriarty 1985). Increasing numbers
of inland sites have been identified as dating to the Archaic Period and have focused upon
terrestrial subsistence (Cardenas 1986; Smith 1996; Raven-Jennings and Smith 1999a, 1999b).
The tool typology of the La Jolla Complex displays a wide range of sophistication in the
lithic manufacturing techniques used to create the tools found at their sites. Scrapers, the dominant
flaked tool type, were created by either splitting cobbles or by finely flaking quarried material.
Evidence suggests that after about 8,200 YBP, milling tools began to appear in La Jolla Complex
sites. Inland sites of the Encinitas Tradition (Pauma Complex) exhibit a reduced quantity of
marine-related food refuse and contain large quantities of milling tools and food bone. The lithic
tool assemblage shifts slightly to encompass the procurement and processing of terrestrial
resources, suggesting seasonal migration from the coast to the inland valleys (Smith 1996). At the
present time, the transition from the Archaic Period to the Late Prehistoric Period is not well
understood. Many questions remain concerning cultural transformation between periods,
possibilities of ethnic replacement, and/or a possible hiatus from the western portion of the county.
Late Prehistoric Period (A.D. 0 to 1769)
The transition into the Late Prehistoric Period in the project area is primarily represented
by a marked change in archaeological patterning known as the Yuman Tradition. This tradition is
primarily represented by the Cuyamaca Complex, which is believed be derived from the mountains
of southern San Diego County. The people of the Cuyamaca Complex are considered as ancestral
to the ethnohistoric Kumeyaay (Diegueflo ). Although several archaeologists consider the local
Native American tribes to be latecomers, the traditional stories and histories passed down through
oral tradition by the local Native American groups speak both presently and ethnographically to
tribal presence in the region as being since the time of creation.
6
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
The Kumeyaay Native Americans were a seasonal hunting and gathering people with
cultural elements that were very distinct from the people of the La Jolla Complex. Noted variations
in material culture included cremation, the use of the bow and arrow, and adaptation to the use of
the acorn as a main food staple (Moratto 1984). Along the coast, the Kumeyaay made use of
marine resources by fishing and collecting shellfish for food. Seasonally available game and plant
food resources (including acorns) were sources of nourishment for the Kumeyaay. By far the most
important food resource for these people was the acorn. The acorn represented a storable surplus,
which in tum allowed for seasonal sedentism and its attendant expansion of social phenomena.
Firm evidence has not been recovered to indicate whether the people of the La Jolla
Complex were present when the Kumeyaay Native Americans migrated into the coastal zone.
However, stratigraphic information recovered from Site SDI-4609 in Sorrento Valley suggests a
possible hiatus of 650 ± 100 years between the occupation of the coastal area by the La Jolla
Complex (1,730 ± 75 YBP is the youngest date for the La Jolla Complex inhabitants at SDI-4609)
and Late Prehistoric cultures (Smith and Moriarty 1983). More recently, a reevaluation of two
prone burials at the Spindrift Site excavated by Moriarty ( 1965) and radiocarbon dates of a pre-
ceramic phase of Yuman occupation near Santee suggest a commingling of the latest La Jolla
Complex inhabitants and the earliest Yuman inhabitants about 2,000 years ago (Kyle and Gallegos
1993).
History
Exploration Period (1530 to 1769)
The historic period around San Diego Bay began with the landing of Juan Rodriguez
Cabrillo and his men in 1542 (Chapman 1921). Sixty years after the Cabrillo expeditions (1602
to 1603), an expedition under Sebastian Vizcaino made an extensive and thorough exploration of
the Pacific coast. Although his voyage did not extend beyond the northern limits of the Cabrillo
track, Vizcaino had the most lasting effect on the nomenclature of the coast. Many of the names
Vizcaino gave to various locations throughout the region have survived to the present time,
whereas nearly every one of Cabrillo's has faded from use. For example, Cabrillo gave the name
"San Miguel" to the first port at which he stopped in what is now the United States; 60 years later,
Vizcaino changed the port name to "San Diego" (Rolle 1969).
Spanish Colonial Period (1769 to 1821)
The Spanish occupation of the claimed territory of Alta California took place during the
reign of King Carlos III of Spain (Engelhardt 1920). A powerful representative of the king in
Mexico, Jose de Galvez conceived the plan to colonize Alta California and thereby secure the area
for the Spanish Crown (Rolle 1969). The effort involved both military and religious contingents,
where the overall intent of establishing forts and missions was to gain control of the land and the
native inhabitants through conversion. Actual colonization of the San Diego area began on July
16, 1769 when the first Spanish exploring party, commanded by Gaspar de Portola (with Father
7
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
Junipero Serra in charge of religious conversion of the native populations), arrived by the overland
route to San Diego to secure California for the Spanish Crown (Palou 1926). The natural attraction
of the harbor at San Diego and the establishment of a military presence in the area solidified the
importance of San Diego to the Spanish colonization of the region and the growth of the civilian
population.
Missions were constructed from San Diego to the area as far north as San Francisco. The
mission locations were based upon a number of important territorial, military, and religious
considerations. Grants of land were made to persons who applied, but many tracts reverted back
to the government for lack of use. As an extension of territorial control by the Spanish Empire,
each mission was placed so as to command as much territory and as large a population as possible.
While primary access to California during the Spanish Period was by sea, the route of El Camino
Real served as the land route for transportation, commercial, and military activities within the
colony. This route was considered to be the most direct path between the missions (Rolle 1969;
Caughey 1970). As increasing numbers of Spanish and Mexican peoples, as well as the later
Americans during the Gold Rush, settled in the area, the Native American populations diminished
as they were displaced or decimated by disease (Carrico and Taylor 1983).
Mexican Period (1821 to 1846)
On September 16, 1810, the priest Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla started a revolt against
Spanish rule. He and his untrained Native American followers fought against the Spanish, but his
revolt was unsuccessful and Father Hidalgo was executed. After this setback, Father Jose Morales
led the revolutionaries, but he too failed and was executed. These two men are still symbols of
Mexican liberty and patriotism. After the Mexican-born Spanish and the Catholic Church joined
the revolution, Spain was finally defeated in 1821. Mexican Independence Day is celebrated on
September 16 of each year, signifying the anniversary of the start of Father Hidalgo's revolt. The
revolution had repercussions in the northern territories, and by 1834, all of the mission lands had
been removed from the control of the Franciscan Order under the Acts of Secularization. Without
proper maintenance, the missions quickly began to disintegrate, and after 1836, missionaries
ceased to make regular visits inland to minister to the needs of the Native Americans (Engelhardt
1920). Large tracts of land continued to be granted to persons who applied for them or who had
gained favor with the Mexican government. Grants of land were also made to settle government
debts and the Mexican government was called upon to reaffirm some older Spanish land grants
shortly before the Mexican-American War of 1846 (Moyer 1969).
Anglo-American Period (1846 to Present)
California was invaded by United States troops during the Mexican-American War from
1846 to 1848. The acquisition of strategic Pacific ports and California land was one of the principal
objectives of the war (Price 1967). At the time, the inhabitants of California were practically
defenseless, and they quickly surrendered to the United States Navy in July 184 7 (Bancroft 1886).
8
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report/or the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
The cattle ranchers of the "counties" of southern California had prospered during the cattle
boom of the early 1850s. They were able to "reap windfall profit ... pay taxes and lawyer's bills
... and generally live according to custom" (Pitt 1966). However, cattle ranching soon declined,
contributing to the expansion of agriculture. With the passage of the "No Fence Act," San Diego's
economy shifted from raising cattle to farming (Robinson 1948). The act allowed for the
expansion of unfenced farms, which was crucial in an area where fencing material was practically
unavailable. Five years after its passage, most of the arable lands in San Diego County had been
patented as either ranchos or homesteads, and growing grain crops replaced raising cattle in many
of the county's inland valleys (Blick 1976; Elliott 1883 [1965]).
By 1870, farmers had learned to dry farm and were coping with some of the peculiarities
of San Diego County's climate (San Diego Union 1868; Van Dyke 1886). Between 1869 and
1871, the amount of cultivated acreage in the county increased from less than 5,000 to more than
20,000 acres (San Diego Union 1872). Of course, droughts continued to hinder the development
of agriculture (Crouch 1915; San Diego Union 1870; Shipek 1977). Large-scale farming in San
Diego County was limited by a lack of water and the small size of arable valleys. The small urban
population and poor roads also restricted commercial crop growing. Meanwhile, cattle continued
to be grazed in parts of inland San Diego County. In the Otay Mesa area, for example, the "No
Fence Act" had little effect on cattle farmers because ranches were spaced far apart and natural
ridges kept the cattle out of nearby growing crops (Gordinier 1966).
During the first two decades of the twentieth century, the population of San Diego County
continued to grow. The population of the inland county declined during the 1890s, but between
1900 and 1910, it rose by about 70 percent. The pioneering efforts were over, the railroads had
broken the relative isolation of southern California, and life in San Diego County became similar
to other communities throughout the west. After World War I, the history of San Diego County
was primarily determined by the growth of San Diego Bay. In 1919, the United States Navy
decided to make the bay the home base for the Pacific Fleet (Pourade 1967), as did the aircraft
industry during the 1920s (Heiges 1976). The establishment of these industries led to the growth
of the county as a whole; however, most of the civilian population growth occurred in the north
county coastal areas, where the population almost tripled between 1920 and 1930. During this
time period, the history of inland San Diego County was subsidiary to that of the city of San Diego,
which had become a Navy center and an industrial city (Heiges 1976). In inland San Diego
County, agriculture became specialized and recreational areas were established in the mountain
and desert areas. Just before World War II, urbanization began to spread to the inland parts of the
county.
General History of Carlsbad
Mission San Luis Rey de Franca was constructed in 1798 near present-day Oceanside. The
mission's lands encompassed present-day Carlsbad north to the current location of Marine Corps
Base Camp Pendleton, east to Santa Ysabel, and south past Encinitas. The establishment of the
9
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
mission had detrimental effects upon the Native American communities within the area, as the
fathers focused upon religious conversion and utilization of Native American labor to develop and
maintain the cattle ranches, orchards, and water systems necessary for the mission's operation
(Carlsbad Historical Society n.d.).
In 1821, Mexico gained independence from Spain and the missions were soon secularized.
As a result of the secularization, mission lands were divided up and granted to prominent Mexican
families by the Mexican government (Stropes and Gallegos 2005). Juan Maria Marron II was
granted 13,311 acres in 1842, naming the land grant Rancho Agua Hedionda. The grant included
present-day Carlsbad and Carlsbad Ranch. After Marr6n's death in 1853, the ranch was divided
up among his family; however, financial troubles eventually led to the land being sold to Francis
Hinton in 1865. Hinton then hired Robert Kelly, who later inherited the ranch from Hinton
(Stropes and Gallegos 2005).
In 1880, Kelly granted the Southern California Railway a coastal right-of-way that allowed
for a connection between San Diego and Los Angeles. In 1883, John Frazier and his family settled
on 160 acres near the railroad line, just south of Buena Vista Lagoon. Unfortunately, a lack of
potable water made it difficult for Frazier to farm the land. As a result, he hired expert well borers,
the Mull Brothers, to dig a well on his property in 1885. The boring for the well resulted in the
discovery of both mineral and artesian water at 245 feet, which increased the value of the land by
50 percent. After discovering the water, Frazier constructed a platform near the rail line, called
Frazier's Station, and gave water to passengers (Carlsbad Historical Society n.d.).
The water from Frazier's well was tested and found to match the mineral content of Well
Number Nine in the Karlsbad Bohemia Spas. After hearing about Frazier's well, Gerhard Schutte,
D.D. Wadsworth, Henry Nelson, and Samuel Church Smith came to the area in 1886 and formed
a real estate investment group (the Carlsbad Land and Water Company) in order to associate the
land with the famous Karlsbad Bohemia Spas. Once formed, the Carlsbad Land and Water
Company purchased 270 acres of land from Frazier and 130 acres of coastal lands, all located
outside of the Kelly Rancho Agua Hedionda Land Grant. The company drilled additional wells
and water was piped throughout the newly purchased lands, which Schutte and Wadsworth platted
as a new townsite. They also built the Carlsbad Hotel in 1888, which was destroyed by a fire in
1896 (Carlsbad Historical Society n.d.) (Plate 1).
Cultural Resource Moniloring Report/or the Laguna Drive Subdivision Projecl
Plate 1: From left to right: John Frazier, his wife and daughter, Gerhard Schutte, Samuel
Church Smith, and D.D. Wadsworth standing at the platform in front of Wadsworth's mansion
(left) and the Carlsbad Hotel (right). (Photograph courtesy of the San Diego History Center)
Despite Frazier's well and the efforts of the Carlsbad Land and Water Company, during
the late 1890s, drought forced farmers in the region to
implement dry farming as the primary method of
agriculture. When Robert Kelly died in 1890, Ra
ncho Agua Hedionda passed to his brother Matthew's
nine children, who subsequently divided up the land
between them (Plate 2) (Moyer 1969). The Kelly
heirs raised livestock and dry-farmed beans, corn, and
hay (Stropes and Gallegos 2005). Not only did the
drought necessitate a change in agricultural practices,
but it also resulted in a land bust. The population of
Carlsbad dwindled to nearly 150 people and even
Samuel Church Smith and his family left Carlsbad for
National City. Alexander Shipley purchased the
Smith home in the 1890s, relocating to the area with
his family from Calistoga (Carlsbad Historical
Society n.d.).
In 1906, the waterworks sourced by Frazier's
well were no longer operational and Shipley paid to
get the pipelines back up and running. In 1914, the
South Coast Land Company drilled wells in the San
Luis Rey Valley and began piping water to Carlsbad.
11
1 ,1 I , -r./ '11.il,. •
Plate 2: 1896 map of the Kelly Grant
division of Rancho Agua Hedionda.
(Map courtesy of the Carlsbad History
Room, Carlsbad City Library)
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
The South Coast Land Company had also purchased all of the Carlsbad Land and Water Company
lands. The new availability of water caused Carlsbad to grow once again. People, particularly
farmers, began arriving in Carlsbad in great numbers and in 1916, the first avocado grove was
planted. The avocado did so well in the area that the South Coast Land Company began selling
larger tracts of land for the new owners to use for agriculture (Carlsbad Historical Society n.d.).
III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION
This archaeological review encompasses the entire residential lot on Assessor's Parcel
Number (APN) 155-221-12. The property contained a single-family residence and a 1,600-square-
foot medical office building which were subsequently demolished. The project proposes to
subdivide the 0.75-acre property into two lots, one lot for 13 three-story condominium units and
one lot dedicated to open space (Figure 3). Previous studies indicate that the project is located
adjacent to the recorded boundaries of prehistoric Site SDI-627.
IV. STUDY METHODS
BFSA provided monitoring services from between August 25, 2020 and October 26, 2021.
A preconstruction meeting was held on August 25, 2020 and was attended by BFSA Project
Archaeologist Andrew Garrison and a Cami Mojado, a Luisefio Native American representative
from Saving Sacred Sites. BFSA project personnel for the current phase of cultural resource
monitoring work included Principal Investigator Brian F. Smith and cultural resource monitors
David Grabski, Kirstie McPeek, Adrian Sanchez-Moreno, Andrew Garrison, Allison Reynolds,
Clarence Hoff, Sabrina Corcoran-Kadi, and John Baber.
At the preconstruction meeting on August 25, 2020, the BFSA representative noted that
the buildings at the property had been demolished, and that excavation had occurred around a
temporary power pole in the southeast corner of the property. Within the soils, a concentration of
shell, fire-affected rock, and ground stone were observed. BFSA notified the project applicant and
the City of Carlsbad of the discovery and the intent to screen the spoils pile created by the power
pole installation for further cultural materials. On August 28, 2020, BFSA archaeologists hand
screened the excavated piles, bucketed the recovery, and returned it to the BFSA laboratory for
processing. The screening process was observed by a Native American monitor from Saving
Sacred Sites.
12
0
0
= CD c::::s:
-'" LINE 11,6,SEO ON ADJACENT-,. "
STRUCTURES '-
OS BUFFER SETBACK
UEl MODIFICATION ZONE 8-3 -
, MODIFIED
ATIO STRING LINE BASED ON-r-
ADJACENT STRUClVFES
TOP OF SLOPE PER --.,
'-SURVEY •
LINE-
F SLOPE
WETI.ANO EDGE j
I
0 ZS' LATERAL PUBLIC ACCESS ~ MY
20 40 fl
5 LO Ill
~ DASH~O LINES
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Figure 3
Project Development Map
The Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
Legend
c::I Project Boundary
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
V. RESULTS OF THE STUDY
Background Research
There is documented evidence of the presence of a prehistoric campsite in the general area
of the project. The property is identified as being adjacent to the southwest boundary of
archaeological Site SDI-627 (Figure 4). No studies have been conducted at Site SDI-627 since it
was recorded by Wallace in 1958. However, Wallace describes the site as a prehistoric campsite
that was largely destroyed by housing and road construction in the 1940s and 1950s. Based upon
the background research and the location of the project, the subject property is considered sensitive
for potential cultural resources.
Field Monitoring
As required by City of Carlsbad guidelines, an archaeologist from BFSA and a Native
American monitor from Saving Sacred Sites were present during earth-disturbing activities within
the lot. During the monitoring program, careful attention was paid to the excavation process and
the excavated soils to search for evidence of historic and prehistoric resources. Archaeological
and Native American monitoring were conducted on an as-needed basis between August 25, 2020
and October 26, 2021. Monitoring identified disturbed remnants of SDI-627, including 15
fragments of debitage, one adze, two manos, one ground stone fragment, 11 ,403.8 grams of FAR,
2.1 grams of fauna! bone, and 3,483.9 grams of marine shell (Table 1 and Appendix C) from
throughout the project area (Figure 5).
Table 1
Artifact Recovery From Site SDI-627 at the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
ObjeetType Quatity Peneat
Flaked Stone
Debitage 15 78.95
Adze 1 5.26
Ground Stone
Mano 2 10.53
Ground Stone 1 5.26
Bulk Items (in grams)
Marine Shell 3,483 .9 -
Fauna! Bone 2.1 -
FAR 11,403.8 -
Total 19 100.00
14
Legend
c::I Project Boundary
• Cultural Resource
Figure 4
Cultural Resource L~_cation Map
The Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
USGS San l.uis Rey Quadrangle (7.5-minute series)
15
L'S.'Sl -0
0
• •
Project Boundary
Monitoring Recovery I
Monitoring Recovery 2
Monitoring Recovery 3
Monitoring Recovery 4
Monitoring Recovery 5
Monitoring Reco ery 6
Monitoring Recovery 7
Monitoring Recovery 8
Monitoring Recovery 9
Figure 5
Monitoring Recovery Location Map
The Laguna Drive Subdivis ion Project
16
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
A total of3,483.9 grams of marine shell were recovered from SDI-627 (Table 1). A sample
of approximately 10.00 percent of the recovered marine shell was analyzed in order to characterize
the marine shell recovery at this portion of SDI-627. All shell within the sample was identified to
species, unless the shell was too weathered or fragmented. In that case, the shell was identified to
family.
Table 2
Sampled Marine Shell Recovery by Species From
Site SDI-627 at the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
Spedel Weipt Percent (&rams)
Mollusca: Bivalvia
Argopecten sp. 18.1 5.46
Chione sp. 279.8 84.40
Donax gouldii 3.4 1.03
Ostrea sp. 21.3 6.43
Protothaca sp. 8.9 2.68
Total 331.5 100.00
A variety of clams and oysters representing five different genera were identified (see Table
2). The majority of the shell consists of Chione sp., comprising 84.40 percent (279.8 grams) of
the sample. Ostrea sp. was the second most common mollusk, making up 6.43 percent (21.3 grams
of the sample. Argopecten sp. followed with 18.1 grams (5.46 percent), followed by Protothaca
sp . with 8.9 grams (2.68 percent) and Donax gouldii with 3.4 grams (1.03 percent) of the overall
sample. The recovered mollusks were common food resources during prehistory. The recovered
shell could have easily been found at the nearby sandy beaches or lagoon and utilized for food ,
utilitarian, and ornamental purposes by the occupants of SDI-627.
Evaluation
The monitoring program resulted in the discovery of prehistoric cultural materials
associated with SDI-627. The scope of work for this project did not include standard
archaeological test units nor was the process of monitoring intended to contribute to the scientific
analysis of Site SDI-627. The monitoring program cleared the property of any intact deposits
(none were found) and led to the determination that although SDI-627 can now be extended in its
breadth, this portion of the archaeological deposit is essentially artifactual and ecofactual "noise"
extending from the core areas of the site to the northwest of the cmTent project. It is clear that the
current project was disturbed previously by grading for the neighborhood in the 1950s and 1960s.
17
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
VI. REC OMMENDATIONS
The archeological monitoring for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project revealed the
presence of a small amount of disturbed cultural materials associated with the prehistoric site at
SDI-627. Because this cultural material was disturbed and had no research potential, additional
mitigation measures were not required as part of the MMRP. The development has not resulted in
any significant impacts to SDI-627. It is entirely possible that additional elements of SDI-627 are
located on adjacent parcels and streets, and the City should require monitoring of any construction
excavations in the vicinity of this property. The recovery for the project will be recorded at the
SCIC and the artifacts be repatriated at the request of San Luis Rey representatives.
VII. CERTIFICATION
I hereby certify that the statements furnished above and in the attached exhibits present the
data and information required for this archaeological report, and that the facts, statements, and
information presented are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief, and have been
compiled in accordance with CEQA criteria as defined in Section 15064.5 and City of Carlsbad
Historical Resources Guidelines.
Brian F. Smith, M.A.
Principal Investigator
VIII. REFERENCES
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November 11, 2021
Date
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Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
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Carrico, Richard L. and Clifford V.F. Taylor
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Carter, George F.
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Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
Ezell, Paul H.
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Gallegos, Dennis R.
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Heiges, Harvey
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Kyle, Carolyn E. and Dennis R. Gallegos
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Kyle, Carolyn, Adella Schroth, and Dennis R. Gallegos
1990 Early Period Occupation at the Kuebler Ranch Site SDl-8,654 Otay Mesa, San Diego
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Minshall, Herbert L.
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Moratto, Michael J.
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Moriarty, James R., III
1965 Cosmogeny, Rituals, and Medical Practice Among the Dieguefto Indians of Southern
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20
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
1966 Culture Phase Divisions Suggested by Topological Change Coordinated with
Stratigraphically Controlled Radiocarbon Dating in San Diego. Anthropological
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1967 Transitional Pre-Desert Phase in San Diego, California. Science 155(3762):553-336.
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1969 San Dieguito Complex: Suggested Environmental and Cultural Relationships.
Anthropological Journal of Canada 7(3):2-18.
Moriarty, James Robert, III and Herbert L. Minshall
1972 A New Pre-Desert Site Discovered near Texas Street. Anthropological Journal of
Canada 10(3):10-13.
Moyer, Cecil C.
1969 Historic Ranchos of San Diego. Edited by Richard F. Pourade. Union-Tribune
Publishing Company, San Diego.
Palau, Fray Francisco
1926 Historical Memoirs of New California. Edited by Herbert Eugene Bolton ( 4 Volumes).
University of California Press, Berkeley.
Pitt, Leonard
1966 The Decline of the Californios. University of California Press, Los Angeles.
Pourade, Richard F.
1967 The Rising Tide: Southern California in the Twenties and Thirties. Union-Tribune
Publishing Company, San Diego.
Price, Glenn W.
1967 Origins of the War with Mexico. University of Texas Press, Austin.
Raven-Jennings, Shelly and Brian F. Smith
1999a Final Report for Site SDI-8330/W-240 "Scraper Hill," Escondido, California.
Unpublished report on file at the South Coastal Information Center at San Diego State
University, San Diego, California.
1999b Report of Excavations at CA-SDI-4608: Subsistence and Technology Transitions
during the Mid-to-Late Holocene in San Diego County (Scripps Poway Parkway).
Unpublished report on file at the South Coastal Information Center at San Diego State
University, San Diego, California.
Reeves, Brian O.K.
1985 Early Man in the Americas: Who, When, and Why. In: Woman, Poet, Scientist: Essays
in New World Anthropology Honoring Dr. Emma Louise Davis, edited by Thomas C.
21
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report/or the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
Blackbum, pp. 79-104. Ballena Press Anthropological Papers No. 29. Los Altos,
California.
Reeves, Brian, John M.D. Pohl, and Jason W. Smith.
1986 The Mission Ridge Site and the Texas Street Question. In: New Evidence for the
Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas, edited by Alan Lyle Bryan, pp. 65-80. Center
for the Study of Early Man, University of Maine, Orono.
Robinson, W.W.
1948 Land in California. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Robbins-Wade, Mary Judith
1990 Prehistoric Settlement Pattern of Otay Mesa San Diego County, California.
Unpublished Master's thesis, San Diego State University, San Diego, California.
Rogers, Malcolm
1966 Ancient Hunters of the Far West. Edited with contributions by H.M. Worthington,
E.L. Davis, and Clark W. Brott. Union Tribune Publishing Company, San Diego.
Rolle, Andrew F.
1969 California: A History (Second Edition). Thomas Y. Crowell Company, New York.
San Diego Union
1868 6 February. San Diego, California.
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Shipek, Florence
1977 A Strategy for Change: The Luiseiio of Southern California. Unpublished Doctoral
dissertation on file at the University of Hawaii.
Shumway, George, Carl L. Hubbs, and James R. Moriarty
1961 Scripps Estate Site, San Diego, California: A La Jollan Site Dated 5,460-7,370 Years
Before the Present. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 93(3).
Smith, Brian F.
1996 The Results of a Cultural Resource Study at the 4S Ranch. Unpublished report on file
at the South Coastal Information Center at San Diego State University, San Diego,
Califomoa.
Smith, Brian F. and James R. Moriarty
1983 An Archaeological Evaluation of a Drainage Channel Project at the South Sorrento
Business Park. Environmental Impact Report on file at the City of San Diego, San
22
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
Diego, California.
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file at the South Coastal Information Center at San Diego State University, San Diego,
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Stropes, Tracy A.
2007 Nodule Industries of North Coastal San Diego: Understanding Change and Stasis in
10,000 Years of Lithic Technology. Thesis, San Diego State University, San Diego,
California.
Stropes, Tracy A. and Dennis R. Gallegos.
2005 Cultural Resource Data Recovery and Indexing and Preservation Program for the
Grand Pacific Resorts Site CA-SDI-8797 Area A, City of Carlsbad, California.
Gallegos & Associates. Unpublished report on file at the South Coastal Information
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True, Delbert L.
1958 An Early Complex in San Diego County, California. American Antiquity 23(3).
1966 Archaeological Differentiation of the Shoshonean and Yuman Speaking Groups in
Southern California. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California at Los
Angeles.
1970 Investigations of a Late Prehistoric Complex in Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, San
Diego County, California. Archaeological Survey Monograph. University of
California, Los Angeles.
1980 The Pauma Complex in Northern San Diego County: 1978. Journal of New World
Archaeology 3(4):1-39.
1986 Molpa, a Late Prehistoric Site in Northern San Diego County: The San Luis Rey
Complex, 1983. In: Symposium: A New Look at Some Old Sites, edited by Gary S.
Breschini and Trudy Haversat, pp. 29-36. Coyote Press, Salinas.
True, D.L. and Eleanor Beemer
1982 Two Milling Stone Inventories from Northern San Diego County, California. Journal
of California and Great Basin Anthropology 4:233-261.
True, D.L. and R. Pankey
1985 Radiocarbon Dates for the Pauma Complex Component at the Pankey Site, Northern
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7:240-244.
23
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
Van Dyke, Theodore
1886 Southern California. Fords, Howard and Hulbert.
Warren, Claude N.
1964 Cultural Change and Continuity on the San Diego Coast. Unpublished Doctoral
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1966 The San Dieguito Type Site: Malcolm J. Rogers' 1938 Excavation on the San Dieguito
River. San Diego Museum Papers (6).
Warren, Claude L., Gretchen Siegler, and Frank Dittmer
1998 Paleoindian and Early Archaic Periods, In Prehistoric and Historic Archaeology of
Metropolitan San Diego: A Historical Properties Background Study (draft). Prepared
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Waugh, Georgie
1986 Intensification and Land-use: Archaeological Indication of Transition and
Transformation in a Late Prehistoric Complex in Southern California. Unpublished
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Wirths, Todd A.
2021 Negative Paleontological Monitoring and Mitigation Report for the Laguna Drive
Subdivision Project, 570 and 580 Laguna Drive, Carlsbad, California (CT 2018-0006 /
RP 2018-0008 I CDP 2018-0032 I HDP 2018-0003 I HMP 2018-0003). Brian F. Smith
and Associates, Inc. Report in progress and on file at Brian F. Smith and Associates,
Inc., Poway, California.
24
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project
APPENDIX A
Resumes of Qualified Personnel
Brian F. Smith, MA
Owner, Principal Investigator
r,,ian I"'. Smith and Aeeoc:iaties, Inc.
HOK) Powa,g Road • Suite A•
Phone: CMB) 679-81J8 • l"'ax; CMB) 679-98'6 • t:-Mad, ~com
E:duc.ation
Master of Arts, History, University of San Diego, California
Bachelor of Arts, History, and Anthropology, University of San Diego, California
Professional Memberships
Society for California Archaeology
Experience
Principal Investigator
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.
1982
1975
1977-Present
Poway, California
Brian F. Smith is the o_wner and principal historical and archaeological consultant for Brian F. Smith and
Associates. Over the past 32 years, he has conducted over 2,500 cultural resource studies in California,
Arizona, Nevada, Montana, and Texas. These studies include every possible aspect of archaeology
from literature searches and large-scale surveys to intensive data recovery excavations. Reports
prepared by Mr. Smith have been submitted to all facets of local, state, and federal review agencies,
including the US Army Corps of Engineers, the Bureau of Land Management, the Bureau of
Reclamation, the Department of Defense, and the Department of Homeland Security. In addition, Mr.
Smith has conducted studies for utility companies (Sempra Energy) and state highway departments
(CalTrans).
Professional Accomplishments
These selected major professional accomplishments represent research efforts that have added
significantly to the body of knowledge concerning the prehistoric life ways of cultures once present in
the Southern California area and historic settlement since the late 18th century. Mr. Smith has been
principal investigator on the following select projects, except where noted.
Downtown San Diego Mitigation and Monitoring Reporting Programs: Large numbers of downtown San
Diego mitigation and monitoring projects, some of which included Broadway Block (2019), 915 Grape
Street (2019), 1919 Pacific Highway (2018), Moxy Hotel (2018), Makers Quarter Block D (2017), Ballpark
Village (2017), 460 16th Street (2017), Kettner and Ash (2017), Bayside Fire Station (2017), Pinnacle on the
Park (2017), IDEA 1 (2016), Blue Sky San Diego (2016), Pacific Gate (2016), Pendry Hotel (2015), Cisterra
Sempra Office Tower (2014), 15th and Island (2014), Park and G (2014), Comm 22 (2014), 7th and F Street
Parking (2013), Ariel Suites (2013), 13th and Marker (2012), Strata (2008), Hotel Indigo (2008), Lofts at 707
10th Avenue Project (2007), Breeza (2007), Bayside at the Embarcadero (2007), Aria (2007), Icon (2007),
Vantage Pointe (2007), Aperture (2007), Sapphire Tower (2007), Lofts at 655 Sixth Avenue (2007),
Metrowork (2007), The Legend (2006), The Mark (2006), Smart Corner (2006), Lofts at 677 7th Avenue
(2005), Aloft on Cortez Hill (2005), Front and Beech Apartments (2003), Bella Via Condominiums (2003),
Acqua Vista Residential Tower (2003), Northblock Lofts (2003), Westin Park Place Hotel (2001 ), Parkloft
frim f'. smith and Associatcs, Inc.. 2
Apartment Complex (2001 ), Renaissance Park (2001 ), and Laurel Bay Apartments (2001 ).
1900 and 1912 Spindrift Drive: An extensive data recovery and mitigation monitoring program at the
Spindrift Site, an important prehistoric archaeological habitation site stretching across the La Jolla
area. The project resulted in the discovery of over 20,000 artifacts and nearly 100,000 grams of bulk
faunal remains and marine shell, indicating a substantial occupation area (2013-2014).
San Diego Airport Development Project: An extensive historic assessment of multiple buildings at the
San Diego International Airport and included the preparation of Historic American Buildings Survey
documentation to preserve significant elements of the airport prior to demolition (2017-2018).
Citracado Parkway Extension: A still-ongoing project in the city of Escondido to mitigate impacts to an
important archaeological occupation site. Various archaeological studies have been conducted by
BFSA resulting in the identification of a significant cultural deposit within the project area.
Westin Hotel and Timeshare (Grand Pacific Resorts): Data recovery and mitigation monitoring program
in the city of Carlsbad consisted of the excavation of 17 6 one-square-meter archaeological data
recovery units which produced thousands of prehistoric artifacts and ecofacts, and resulted in the
preservation of a significant prehistoric habitation site. The artifacts recovered from the site presented
important new data about the prehistory of the region and Native American occupation in the area
(2017).
The Everly Subdivision Project: Data recovery and mitigation monitoring program in the city of El Cajon
resulted in the identification of a significant prehistoric occupation site from both the Late Prehistoric
and Archaic Periods, as well as producing historic artifacts that correspond to the use of the property
since 1886. The project produced an unprecedented quantity of artifacts in comparison to the area
. encompassed by the site, but lacked characteristics that typically reflect intense occupation, indicating
that the site was used intensively for food processing (2014-2015).
Ballpark Village: A mitigation and monitoring program within three city blocks in the East Village area of
San Diego resulting in the discovery of a significant historic deposit. Nearly 5,000 historic artifacts and
over 500,000 grams of bulk historic building fragments, food waste, and other materials representing an
occupation period between 1880 and 1917 were recovered (2015-2017).
Archaeology at the Padres Ballpark: Involved the analysis of historic resources within a seven-block area
of the "East Village" area of San Diego, where occupation spanned a period from the 1870s to the
1940s. Over a period of two years, BFSA recovered over 200,000 artifacts and hundreds of pounds of
metal, construction debris, unidentified broken glass, and wood. Collectively, the Ballpark Project and
the other downtown mitigation and monitoring projects represent the largest historical archaeological
program anywhere in the country in the past decade (2000-2007).
4S Ranch Archaeological and Historical Cultural Resources Study: Data recovery program consisted of
the excavation of over 2,000 square meters of archaeological deposits that produced over one million
artifacts, containing primarily prehistoric materials. The archaeological program at 4S Ranch is the
largest archaeological study ever undertaken in the San Diego County area and has produced data
that has exceeded expectations regarding the resolution of long-standing research questions and
regional prehistoric settlement patterns.
Charles H. Brown Site: Attracted international attention to the discovery of evidence of the antiquity of
man in North America. Site located in Mission Valley, in the city of San Diego.
Del Mar Man Site: Study of the now famous Early Man Site in Del Mar, California, for the San Diego
Science Foundation and the San Diego Museum of Man, under the direction of Dr. Spencer Rogers and
Dr. James R. Moriarty.
Brian F. smith and Associates, Inc. }
Old Town State Park Projects: Consulting Historical Archaeologist. Projects completed in the Old Town
State Park involved development of individual lots for commercial enterprises. The projects completed
in Old Town include Archaeological and Historical Site Assessment for the Great Wall Cafe (1992),
Archaeological Study for the Old Town Commercial Project ( 1991), and Cultural Resources Site Survey at
the Old San Diego Inn (1988).
Site W-20, Del Mar, California: A two-year-long investigation of a major prehistoric site in the Del Mar
area of the city of San Diego. This research effort documented the earliest practice of
religious/ceremonial activities in San Diego County (circa 6,000 years ago), facilitated the projection of
major non-material aspects of the La Jolla Complex, and revealed the pattern of civilization at this site
over a continuous period of 5,000 years. The report for the investigation included over 600 pages, with
nearly 500,000 words of text, illustrations, maps, and photographs documenting this major study.
City of San Diego Reclaimed Water Distribution System: A cultural resource study of nearly 400 miles of
pipeline in the city and county of San Diego.
Master Environmental Assessment Project, City of Poway: Conducted for the City of Poway to produce
a complete inventory of all recorded historic and prehistoric properties within the city. The information
was used in conjunction with the City's General Plan Update to produce a map matrix of the city
showing areas of high, moderate, and low potential for the presence of cultural resources. The effort
also included the development of the City's Cultural Resource Guidelines, which were adopted as City
policy.
Draft of the City of Carlsbad Historical and Archaeological Guidelines: Contracted by the City of
Carlsbad to produce the draft of the City's historical and archaeological guidelines for use by the
Planning Department of the City.
The Mid-Bayfront Project for the City of Chula Vista: Involved a large expanse of undeveloped
agricultural land situated between the railroad and San Diego Bay in the northwestern portion of the
city. The study included the analysis of some potentially historic features and numerous prehistoric
Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Audie Murphy
Ranch, Riverside County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of 1, 113.4 acres
and 43 sites, both prehistoric and historic-included project coordination; direction of field crews;
evaluation of sites for significance based on County of Riverside and CEQA guidelines; assessment of
cupule, pictograph, and rock shelter sites, co-authoring of cultural resources project report.
February-September 2002.
Cultural Resources Evaluation of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Otay Ranch Village 13
Project, San Diego County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of 1,947 acres
and 7 6 sites, both prehistoric and historic-included project coordination and budgeting; direction of
field crews; assessment of sites for significance based on County of San Diego and CEQA guidelines; co-
authoring of cultural resources project report. May-November 2002.
Cultural Resources Survey for the Remote Video Surveillance Project, El Centro Sector, Imperial County:
Project manager/director for a survey of 29 individual sites near the U.S./Mexico Border for proposed
video surveillance camera locations associated with the San Diego Border barrier Project-project
coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; site identification and recordation; assessment of
potential impacts to cultural resources; meeting and coordinating with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
U.S. Border Patrol, and other government agencies involved; co-authoring of cultural resources project
report. January, February, and July 2002.
Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Menifee West GPA,
Riverside County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of nine sites, both prehistoric
and historic-included project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; assessment of sites
f>rian r. Smith and Assodatcs, Inc. +
for significance based on County of Riverside and CEQA guidelines; historic research; co-authoring of
cultural resources project report. January-March 2002.
Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed French Valley Specific Plan/EIR, Riverside
County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of two prehistoric and three historic
sites-included project coordination and budgeting; survey of project area; Native American
consultation; direction of field crews; assessment of sites for significance based on CEQA guidelines;
cultural resources project report in prep. July-August 2000.
Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Menifee Ranch,
Riverside County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of one prehistoric and five
historic sites-included project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; feature
recordation; historic structure assessments; assessment of sites for significance based on CEQA
guidelines; historic research; co-authoring of cultural resources project report. February-June 2000.
Salvage Mitigation of a Portion of the San Diego Presidio Identified During Water Pipe Construction for
the City of San Diego, California: Project archaeologist/director-included direction of field crews;
development and completion of data recovery program; management of artifact collections
cataloging and curation; data synthesis and authoring of cultural resources project report in prep. April
2000.
Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Tyrian 3 Project, La Jolla, California: Project
manager/director of the investigation of a single-dwelling parcel-included project coordination;
assessment of parcel for potentially buried cultural deposits; authoring of cultural resources project
report. April 2000.
Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Lamont 5 Project, Pacific Beach, California:
Project manager/director of the investigation of a single-dwelling parcel-included project
coordination; assessment of parcel for potentially buried cultural deposits; authoring of cultural
resources project report. April 2000.
Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Reiss Residence Project, La Jolla, California:
Project manager/director of the investigation of a single-dwelling parcel-included project
coordination; assessment of parcel for potentially buried cultural deposits; authoring of cultural
resources project report. March-April 2000.
Salvage Mitigation of a Portion of Site SDM-W-95 (CA-SDl-211) for the Poinsettia Shores Santalina
Development Project and Caltrans, Carlsbad, California: Project archaeologist/ director-included
direction of field crews; development and completion of data recovery program; management of
artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis and authoring of cultural resources project
report in prep. December 1999-January 2000.
Survey and Testing of Two Prehistoric Cultural Resources for the Airway Truck Parking Project, Otay Mesa,
California: Project archaeologist/director-included direction of field crews; development and
completion of testing recovery program; assessment of site for significance based on CEQA guidelines;
authoring of cultural resources project report, in prep. December 1999-January 2000.
Cultural Resources Phase I and II Investigations for the Tin Can Hill Segment of the Immigration and
Naturalization Services Triple Fence Project Along the International Border, San Diego County, California:
Project manager/director for a survey and testing of a prehistoric quarry site along the border-NRHP
eligibility assessment; project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; feature recordation;
meeting and coordinating with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; co-authoring of cultural resources project
report. December 1999-January 2000.
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. ,
Mitigation of a Prehistoric Cultural Resource for the Westview High School Project for the City of San
Diego, California: Project archaeologist/ director-included direction of field crews; development and
completion of data recovery program including collection of material for specialized faunal and
botanical analyses; assessment of sites for significance based on CEQA guidelines; management of
artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis; co-authoring of cultural resources project
report, in prep. October 1999-January 2000.
Mitigation of a Prehistoric Cultural Resource for the Otay Ranch SPA-One West Proiect for the City of
Chula Vista, California: Project archaeologist/director-included direction of field crews; development
of data recovery program; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; assessment of
site for significance based on CEQA guidelines; data synthesis; authoring of cultural resources project
report, in prep. September 1999-January 2000.
Monitoring of Grading for the Herschel Place Project, La Jolla, California: Project archaeologist/ monitor-
included monitoring of grading activities associated with the development of a single-dwelling parcel.
September 1999.
Survey and Testing of a Historic Resource for the Osterkamp Development Project, Valley Center,
California: Project archaeologist/ director-included direction of field crews; development and
completion of data recovery program; budget development; assessment of site for significance based
on CEQA guidelines; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis;
authoring of cultural resources project report. July-August 1999.
Survey and Testing of a Prehistoric Cultural Resource for the Proposed College Boulevard Alignment
Project, Carlsbad. California: Project manager/director-included direction of field crews;
development and completion of testing recovery program; assessment of site for significance based on
CEQA guidelines; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis;
authoring of cultural resources project report, in prep. July-August 1999.
Survey and Evaluation of Cultural Resources for the Palomar Christian Conference Center Project,
Palomar Mountain, California: Project archaeologist-included direction of field crews; assessment of
sites for significance based on CEQA guidelines; management of artifact collections cataloging and
curation; data synthesis; authoring of cultural resources project report. July-August 1999.
Survey and Evaluation of Cultural Resources at the Village 2 High School Site, Otay Ranch, City of Chula
Vista. California: Project manager/director-management of artifact collections cataloging and
curation; assessment of site for significance based on CEQA guidelines; data synthesis; authoring of
cultural resources project report. July 1999.
Cultural Resources Phase I. II. and Ill Investigations for the Immigration and Naturalization Services Triple
Fence Project Along the International Border, San Diego County, California: Project
manager/director for the survey, testing, and mitigation of sites along border-supervision of multiple
field crews, NRHP eligibility assessments, Native American consultation, contribution to Environmental
Assessment document, lithic and marine shell analysis, authoring of cultural resources project report.
August 1997-January 2000.
Phase I. II. and II Investigations for the Scripps Poway Parkway East Project, Poway California: Project
archaeologist/project director-included recordation and assessment of multicomponent prehistoric
and historic sites; direction of Phase II and Ill investigations; direction of laboratory analyses including
prehistoric and historic collections; curation of collections; data synthesis; coauthorship of final cultural
resources report. February 1994; March-September 1994; September-December 1995.
Cultural Resource Moniloring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdicision Project
APPENDIXB
Site Record Form Update
State of California -Natural Resources Agency
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
CONTINUATION SHEET
Page 1 of 4
*Recorded by: Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc.
Primary# P-37-000627
HRI#
Trinomial: SDI-627
*Date: 11/11/2021
*Resource Name or# SDI-627
□ Continuation ■ Update
Site SDI-627 was recorded by Wallace in 1958 as a prehistoric campsite. No artifacts or
features were noted. At the time, the site was already disturbed by the residential development.
Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. conducted archaeological monitoring for the nearby Laguna
Drive Subdivision Project, located at 570 and 580 Laguna Drive in Carlsbad. The monitoring
program resulted in the identification of a disturbed portion of SDI-627. Monitoring identified
disturbed remnants of SDI-627, including 15 debitage, one adze, two manos, and one ground stone
fragment (Table 1). Additionally, 3,483.9 grams of marine shell, 2.1 grams of fauna! bone, and
11,403.8 grams of fire-affected rock were also collected. All artifacts were collected from within
disturbed contexts throughout the project area and offsite utility trenching. At the completion of
the project, artifacts will be repatriated at the request of Saving Sacred Sites.
Table 1
--. ... --. ---... ._.. ___
Flaked Stone
Debitage 15 78.95
Adze 1 5.26
Ground Stone
Mano 2 10.53
Ground Stone 1 5.26
Bulk Items (weights in grams)
Marine Shell 3,483 .9 -
Fauna! Bone 2.1 -
Fire-Affected Rock 11 ,403.8 -
Total 19 100.00
DPR 523L (Rev. 1/199S}(Word 9/2013) • Required information
State of California -Natural Resources Agency
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
ARTIFACT RECORD
Page 2 of 4
Primary# P-37-000627
HRI#
Trinomial: SDI-627
*Resource Name or# SDI-627
Location Where Collected Specimens are Curated: Repatriated with Saving Sacred Sites.
cat It Dtpdl Altllld Oblect'l'Jpe Type L n c ...... Qty at(&) Type ( ) <-> ( )
I MR I 0-40 Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic Fragment 4879.37 Rock Rock ----
2 MR 2 Surface Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic Fragment 544.30 Rock Rock ----
3 MR 3 0-40 Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic, Fragment 575.54 Rock Rock Granitic ----
4 MR I 0-40 Fauna Shell Undifferentiated ---Fragment -30.51
5 MR 2 Surface Fauna Shell Undifferentiated ---Fragment -29.64
6 MR 3 0-40 Fauna Shell Undifferentiated ---Fragment -7.36
7 MR I 0-40 Ground Stone Ground Stone Volcanic 58.58 36.23 29.85 Fragment I 74.29
8 MR 4 0-1 00 Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic, Fragment 4309.10 Rock Rock Granitic ----
9 MR 4 0-100 Fauna Shell Undifferentiated ---Fragment -2986.62
IO MR 4 0-100 Fauna Bone Mammal ---Fragment -2.12
II MR 4 0-1 00 Flaked Stone Debitage Volcanic ---Fragment 12 I 01.73
12 MR 4 0-100 Flaked Stone Debitage Chert ---Fragment I 4.84
13 MR 4 0-100 Flaked Stone Debitage Quartz --" Fragment 2 29.12
14 MR 4 0-100 Flaked Stone Adze Metavolcanic 44.18 33.66 13.87 Complete I 26.93
15 MR 4 0-100 Ground Stone Mano Granite 73.09 62.61 48.56 Complete I 315.68
16 MR 4 0-100 Ground Stone Mano Granite 30.54 32.13 46.19 Fragment I 45.85
17 MR 4 0-100 Fauna Shell Chione sp. ---Fragment -279.84
18 MR 4 0-100 Fauna Shell Protothaca sp. ---Fragment -8.93
19 MR 4 0-100 Fauna Shell Ostrea sp. ---Fragment -21.3 I
20 MR 4 0-100 Fauna Shell Argopecten sp. " --Fragment -18.12
21 MR 4 0-100 Fauna Shell Donax sp. ---Fragment -3.38
22 MR 5 Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic, Fragment 366.77 -Rock Rock Granitic ----
23 MR 5 -Fauna Marine Shell Chione sp., -" -Fragment -7.63 Ostrea so.
24 MR 6 40-50 Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic, Fragment 304.00 Rock Rock Granitic ----
Chione sp.,
25 MR 7 40-50 Fauna Marine Shell Ostrea sp., ---Fragment -34.87 Argopecten sp.,
Donax sp.
26 MR 8 40-50 Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic, Fragment 98.87 Rock Rock Granitic ----
27 MR 9 -Fauna Marine Shell Chione sp., ---Fragment -55.68 Arnooecten so.
28 MR 9 Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic, Fragment 325.89 -Rock Rock Granitic ----
NlR: Monitoring Recovery
DPR 523H (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 2/2015) * Required information
State of California -Natural Resources Agency
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
LOCATION MAP
Page 3 of 4
*Map Name: USGS San Luis Re_y Quadrangle
Legend
c::::I Project Boundary
-Resource
DPR 523J (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013)
Primary# P-37-000627
HRI#
Trinomial: SDI-627
*Scale: 7.5-minute
*Resource Name or# SDI-627
*Date of Map:.~1=9=97~---
1000 2000 ft
* Required information
State of California ~ Natural Resources Agency
DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION
SKETCH MAP
Page 4 of 4
*Drawn by: Brian F. Smith and Associates. Inc.
Project Boundary
Monitoring Recovery 1
-Monito1ing Recovery 2
I.S'SI Monitoring Recovery 3
-Monitoring Recovery 4
0 Monitoring Recovery 5
O Monitoring Recovery 6
0 Monitoring Recovery 7
e Monitoring Recovery 8
e Monitoring Recovery 9
DPR 523K (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013)
Primary# P-37-000627
HRI#
Trinomial: SDI-627
*Resource Name or# SDI-627
*Date of Map: 11/11/2021
5 10 m
NOTE: Include bar scale and north arrow.
Cultural Resource Monitoring Report/or the Laguna Drive Subdicision Project
APPENDIXC
Artifact Catalog
Laguna Carlsbad (20-018)
Archaeological Monitoring
CA-SOl-627
2020 Field Year
Masler Calalog
v-Cat
No
SDl-627 2020 I
SDl-627 2020 2
SDI-627 2020 3
SDI-627 2020 4
SDl-627 2020 5
SDJ-627 2020 6
SDI-627 2020 7
SDI-627 2020 8
SDI-627 2020 9
SDl-627 2020 IO
SDl-627 2020 II
SDI-627 2020 12
SDI-627 2020 13
SDI-627 2020 14
SDI-627 2020 I 5
SDI-627 2020 16
SDl-627 2020 17
SDI-627 2020 18
SDl-627 2020 19
SDl-627 2020 20
SDI-627 2020 21
SDI-627 2021 22
SDI-627 2021 23
SDI-627 2021 24
SDl-627 2021 25
SDl-627 2021 26
SDl-627 2021 27
SDI-627 2021 28
MR: Monitoring Recovery
Printed on: 11/10/2021
lJalt lJIIII .,.__ N&
MR I
MR 2
MR 3
MR I
MR 2
MR 3
MR I
MR 4
MR 4
MR 4
MR 4
MR 4
MR 4
MR 4
MR 4
MR 4
MR 4
MR 4
MR 4
MR 4
MR 4
MR 5
MR 5
MR 6
MR 7
MR 8
MR 9
MR 9
.,..
Artlflct ()l,Jeet'l)pe Ol,flct!leMJpe ,_,
0-40 Fire-affecled Rock Fire-affected Rock 0=2
Surface Fire-affected Rock Fire-affected Rock 0=5
0-40 Fire-affected Rock Fire-affected Rock Q=4
0-40 Fauna Marine Shell
Surface Fauna Marine Shell
0-40 Fauna Marine Shell
0-40 Ground Stone Ground Stone
0-100 Fire-affected Rock Fire-affected Rock 0--46
0-100 Fauna Marine Shell
0-100 Fauna Bone
0-100 Flaked Stone Debitage
0-1 00 Flaked Stone Debit32e
0-1 00 Flaked Stone Debitage
0-100 Flaked Stone Adze
0-100 Ground Stone Mano Unifacial Cobble
0-100 Ground Stone Mano
0-100 Fauna Marine Shell
0-100 Fauna Marine Shell
0-100 Fauna Marine Shell
0-100 Fauna Marine Shell
0-100 Fauna Marine Shell
Fire-affected Rock Fire-affected Rock Q=2
Fauna Marine Shell
40-50 Fi re-affected Rock Fire-affected Rock 0 =2
40-50 Fauna Marine Shell
40-50 Fire-affected Rock Fire-affected Rock Q=2
Fauna Marine Shell
Fire-affected Rock Fire-affected Rock Q=2
Page I of I
Material Type L w n Coadldoa QI, Wp(I) , __ , , __ , ,_,
Volcanic Fra1UT1ent 4879.37
Volcanic Fragment -544.30
Volcanic, Granitic Framnent 575.54
Undifferentiated Fragment 30.51
Undifferentiated Fra2JTient 29.64
Undifferentiated Fragment 7.36
Volcanic 58.58 36.23 29.85 Fra2111ent I 74.29
Volcanic, Granitic Fragment 4309. IO
Undifferentiated -Fragment 2986.62
Mammal Fragment 2.12
Volcanic Fragment 12 101.73
Chert Fra1U11ent I 4.84
Quartz -Fra2ment 2 29.12
Metavolcanic 44.18 33.66 13.87 ComDlete I 26.93
Granite 73.09 62.61 48.56 ComDlete I 315.68
Granite 30.54 32.13 46.19 Fra2:ment I 45.85
Chione SD. Fragment 279.84
Protothaca sp. frs:.oment 8.93
Ostrea SD. Fragment 21.31
Argopecten sp. . Fragment 18.12
Donax so. . Fr:ioment 3.38
Volcanic, Granitic Fragment 366.77
Chione so., Ostrea so. Fra12ment 7.63
Volcanic, Granitic Fragment 304.00
Chione sp., Ostrea sp., Fragment 34.87 Argopecten sp., Donax sp.
Volcanic. Granitic Fra2JTlent 98.87
Chione SD., Ar~opecten SD. -Fra_ll,TTlent 55.68
Volcanic, Granitic Fra2JT1ent 325.89
Acid-free Paper