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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCT 2018-0006; LAGUNA DRIVE SUBDIVISION; CULTURAL RESOURCE MONITORING REPORT; 2021-11-11t CULTURAL RESOURCE MONITORING REPORT FOR THE LAGUNA DRIVE f' SUBDIVISION PROJECT 570 AND 580 LAGUNA DRIVE CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 92008 Project Nos. CT 2018-0006 / RP 2018-0008 / CDP 2018-0032 / UDP 2018-0003 / UMP 2018-0003 APN 155-221-12 Submitted to: City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carsbad, California 92008 Prepared for: Brett Farrow 125 Mozart Avenue Cardiff, California 92007 Prepared by: Jillian L.H. Conroy and Brian F. Smith Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 14010 Poway Road, Suite A Poway, California 92064 November 11, 2021 C11/111ral Resource Moniloring Report for !he Laguna Drive Subdivision Projec/ Archaeological Database Information Authors: Jillian L.H. Conroy and Brian F. Smith Consulting Firm: Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 140 IO Poway Road, Suite A Poway, California 92064 (858) 679-82 I 8 Report Date: November 11 , 2021 Report Title: Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project, 570 and 580 Laguna Drive, Carlsbad, California 92008 Prepared for: Brett Farrow 125 Mozart A venue Cardiff, California 92007 Submitted to: City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday A venue Carlsbad, Cali fornia 92008 Submitted by: Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 14010 Poway Road, Suite A Poway, California 92064 Lead Agency Identifier: Project Numbers CT 2018-0006 I RP 2018-0008 / CDP 2018-0032 / HDP 2018-0003 / HMP 2018-0003 USGS Quadrangle: Carlsbad, California (7.5 minute) Study Area: 0.75 acre Key Words: Archaeological monitoring; SDI-627; City of Carlsbad; positive recovery; not significant. Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project Table of Contents Section Page I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................... 1 II. SETTING ................................................................................................................... 1 Cultural Setting ......................................................................................................... 4 P aleoenvironment ................................................................................................ 4 Prehistory ............................................................................................................ 4 History ................................................................................................................. ? General History of Carlsbad ............................................................................... 9 III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................... 12 IV. STUDY METHODS ................................................................................................. 12 V. RESULTSOFTHESTUDY .................................................................................... 14 Background Research .............................................................................................. 14 Field Monitoring ...................................................................................................... 14 Evaluation ................................................................................................................ 1 7 VI. RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................... 18 VII. CERTIFICATION .................................................................................................... 18 VIII.REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 18 Appendices Appendix A -Resumes of Key Personnel Appendix B-Site Record Form Update Appendix C -Artifact Catalog Figure Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 List of Figures Page General Location Map ................................................................................. 2 Project Location Map (USGS) .................................................................... .3 Project Development Map ......................................................................... 13 Cultural Resource Location Map ............................................................... 15 Monitoring Recovery Location Map ......................................................... 16 Plate 1 Plate 2 Table 1 Table 2 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project List of Plates From left to right: John Frazier, his wife and daughter, Gerhard Schutte, Samuel Church Smith, and D.D. Wadsworth standing at the platform in Page front of Wadsworth's mansion (left) and the Carlsbad Hotel (right) ......... 11 1896 map of the Kelly Grant division of Rancho Agua Hedionda ........... .11 List of Tables Artifact Recovery From Site SDI-627 at the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project ........................................................................................................ 14 Sampled Marine Shell Recovery by Species From Site SDI-627 at the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project.. ........................................................... 17 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project I. INTRODUCTION The Laguna Drive Subdivision Project includes the demolition of an existing 1,600-square- foot medical office building and a single-family dwelling and the construction of 13 detached, three-story, single-family condominiums. The approximately 0.75-acre project is located at 570 and 580 Laguna Drive within Section 1, Township 11 South, Range 4 West of the USGS San Luis Rey Quadrangle in the city of Carlsbad, California (Figures 1 and 2). Because of the historic nature of the area and the presence of known archaeological sites near the project, the City of Carlsbad required mitigation measures and a Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Program (MMRP) as part of the project Conditions of Approval. The requirements included monitoring all excavation and grading activities associated with the project, and a testing and significance evaluation program should significant historic or prehistoric resources be encountered at any time during the investigation. As defined in Public Resources Code 21083 .2, mitigation measures would be required for any resources found to be significant. In the case of the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project, if necessary, mitigation would be accomplished through data recovery. Archaeological and Native American monitoring of the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project took place between August 26 , 2020 and October 26, 2021. During this time period, archaeological work primarily consisted of cultural resource monitoring. No limitations or constraints were encountered during the project. A total of 15 fragments of debitage, one adze, two manos, one ground stone fragment, 11 ,403.8 grams of fire-affected rock (FAR), 2.1 grams of fauna! bone, and 3,483.9 grams of marine shell were recovered as a result of the monitoring program. A copy of this report will be permanently curated at the South Coastal Information Center (SCIC) at San Diego State University (SDSU). All remaining project records will be stored at the Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. (BFSA) offices in Poway, California. II. SETTING The project is located in the coastal zone in northwestern San Diego County. Geologically, the project area is mapped as being underlain by upper Pleistocene paralic (terrace) deposits (Wirths 2021). The existing biological setting surrounding the project ranges from landscapes disturbed by previous development to coastal and inland sage scrub and other native species, as well as wetlands associated with the Buena Vista Lagoon, which is adjacent to the project. The biological environment that existed prior to modern times likely included coastal and inland sage scrub species. Figure 1 General Location Map The Laguna Drive Subdivision Project DeLorme ( I :250,000) 2 P""lw-w'*"•.,..... 0 500 Ill 0 1000 2000 fl Figure 2 Project Location Map The Laguna Drive Subdivision Project USGS San Luis Rey Quadrangle (7.5-minute series) 3 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project Cultural Environment The cultures that have been identified in the general vicinity of the project consist of a possible Paleo Indian manifestation of the San Dieguito Complex, the Archaic and Early Milling Stone horizons represented by the La Jolla Complex, and the Late Prehistoric Kumeyaay culture. The area was used for ranching and farming following the Hispanic intrusion into the region, continuing through the historic period. A brief discussion of the cultural elements within the project is provided below. Paleoenvironment Because of the close relationship between prehistoric settlement and subsistence patterns and the environment, it is necessary to understand the setting in which these systems operated. At the end of the final period of glaciation, approximately 11,000 to 10,000 years before the present (YBP), the sea level was considerably lower than it is now; the coastline at that time would have been approximately two miles west of its present location (Smith and Moriarty 1985). At approximately 7,000 YBP, the sea level rose rapidly, filling in many coastal canyons that had been dry during the glacial period. The period between 7,000 and 4,000 YBP was characterized by conditions that were drier and warmer than they were previously, followed by a cooler, moister environment (Robbins-Wade 1990). Changes in sea level and coastal topography are often manifested in archaeological sites through the types of shellfish that were utilized by prehistoric groups. Different species of shellfish prefer certain types of environments, and dated sites that contain shellfish remains reflect the setting that was exploited by the prehistoric occupants. Unfortunately, pollen studies have not been conducted for this section of San Diego; however, studies in other areas of southern California, such as Santa Barbara, indicate that the coastal plains supported a pine forest between approximately 12,000 and 8,000 YBP (Robbins- Wade 1990). After 8,000 YBP, this environment was replaced by more open habitats, which supported oak and non-arboreal communities. The coastal sage scrub and chaparral environments of today appear to have become dominant after 2,200 YBP (Robbins-Wade 1990). Prehistory In general, the prehistoric record of San Diego County has been documented in many reports and studies, several of which represent the earliest scientific works concerning the recognition and interpretation of the archaeological manifestations present in this region. Geographer Malcolm Rogers initiated the recordation of sites in the area during the 1920s and 1930s, using his field notes to construct the first cultural sequences based upon artifact assemblages and stratigraphy (Rogers 1966). Subsequent scholars expanded the information gathered by Rogers and offered more academic interpretations of the prehistoric record. Moriarty (1966, 1967, 1969), Warren (1964, 1966), and True (1958, 1966) all produced seminal works that critically defined the various prehistoric cultural phenomena present in this region (Moratto 1984). Additional studies have sought to refine these earlier works to a greater extent (Cardenas 1986; 4 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project Moratto 1984; Moriarty 1966, 1967; True 1970, 1980, 1986; True and Beemer 1982; True and Pankey 1985; Waugh 1986). In sharp contrast, the current trend in San Diego prehistory has also resulted in a revisionist group that rejects the established cultural historical sequence for San Diego. This revisionist group (Warren et al. 1998) has replaced the concepts of La Jolla, San Dieguito, and all of their other manifestations with an extensive, all-encompassing, chronologically undifferentiated cultural unit that ranges from the initial occupation of southern California to around A.D. 1000 (Bull 1983, 1987; Ezell 1983, 1987; Gallegos 1987; Kyle et al. 1990; Stropes 2007). For the present study, the prehistory of the region is divided into four major periods: Early Man, Paleo Indian, Early Archaic, and Late Prehistoric. Early Man Period (Prior to 8500 B.C.) At the present time, there has been no concrete archaeological evidence to support the occupation of San Diego County prior to 10,500 years ago. Some archaeologists, such as Carter (1957, 1980) and Minshall (1976), have been proponents of Native American occupation of the region as early as 100,000 years ago. However, their evidence for such claims is sparse at best and they've lost much support over the years as more precise dating techniques have become available for skeletal remains thought to represent early man in San Diego. In addition, many of the "artifacts" initially identified as products of early man in the region have since been rejected as natural products of geologic activity. Some of the local proposed Early Man Period sites include Texas Street, Mission Valley (San Diego River Valley), Del Mar, La Jolla, Buchanan Canyon, and Brown (Bada et al. 1974; Carter 1957, 1980; Minshall 1976, 1989; Moriarty and Minshall 1972; Reeves 1985; Reeves et al. 1986). Paleo Indian Period (8500 to 6000 B.C.) For the region, it is generally accepted that the earliest identifiable culture in the archaeological record is represented by the material remains of the Paleo Indian Period San Dieguito Complex. The San Dieguito Complex was thought to represent the remains of a group of people who occupied sites in this region between 10,500 and 8,000 YBP, and who were related to or contemporaneous with groups in the Great Basin. As of yet, no absolute dates have been forthcoming to support the great age attributed to this cultural phenomenon. The artifacts recovered from San Dieguito Complex sites duplicate the typology attributed to the Western Pluvial Lakes Tradition (Moratto 1984; Davis et al. 1969). These artifacts generally include scrapers, choppers, large bifaces, and large projectile points, with few milling tools. Tools recovered from San Dieguito Complex sites, along with the general pattern of their site locations, led early researchers to believe that the people of the San Dieguito Complex were a wandering, hunting, and gathering society (Moriarty 1969; Rogers 1966). The San Dieguito Complex is the least understood of the cultures that have inhabited the San Diego County region. This is due to an overall lack of stratigraphic information and/or datable materials recovered from sites identified as the San Dieguito Complex. Currently, controversy 5 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project exists among researchers regarding the relationship of the San Dieguito Complex and the subsequent cultural manifestation in the area, the La Jolla Complex. Although, firm evidence has not been recovered to indicate whether the San Dieguito Complex "evolved" into the La Jolla Complex, the people of the La Jolla Complex moved into the area and assimilated with the people of the San Dieguito Complex, or the people of the San Dieguito Complex retreated from the area due to environmental or cultural pressures. Early Archaic Period (6000 B. C. to A.D. 0) Based upon evidence suggesting climatic shifts and archaeologically observable changes in subsistence strategies, a new cultural pattern is believed to have emerged in the San Diego region around 6000 B.C. This Archaic Period pattern is believed by archaeologists to have evolved from or replaced the San Dieguito Complex culture, resulting in a pattern referred to as the Encinitas Tradition. In San Diego, the Encinitas Tradition is thought to be represented by the coastal La Jolla Complex and its inland manifestation, the Pauma Complex. The La Jolla Complex is best recognized for its pattern of shell middens and grinding tools closely associated with marine resources and flexed burials (Shumway et al. 1961; Smith and Moriarty 1985). Increasing numbers of inland sites have been identified as dating to the Archaic Period and have focused upon terrestrial subsistence (Cardenas 1986; Smith 1996; Raven-Jennings and Smith 1999a, 1999b). The tool typology of the La Jolla Complex displays a wide range of sophistication in the lithic manufacturing techniques used to create the tools found at their sites. Scrapers, the dominant flaked tool type, were created by either splitting cobbles or by finely flaking quarried material. Evidence suggests that after about 8,200 YBP, milling tools began to appear in La Jolla Complex sites. Inland sites of the Encinitas Tradition (Pauma Complex) exhibit a reduced quantity of marine-related food refuse and contain large quantities of milling tools and food bone. The lithic tool assemblage shifts slightly to encompass the procurement and processing of terrestrial resources, suggesting seasonal migration from the coast to the inland valleys (Smith 1996). At the present time, the transition from the Archaic Period to the Late Prehistoric Period is not well understood. Many questions remain concerning cultural transformation between periods, possibilities of ethnic replacement, and/or a possible hiatus from the western portion of the county. Late Prehistoric Period (A.D. 0 to 1769) The transition into the Late Prehistoric Period in the project area is primarily represented by a marked change in archaeological patterning known as the Yuman Tradition. This tradition is primarily represented by the Cuyamaca Complex, which is believed be derived from the mountains of southern San Diego County. The people of the Cuyamaca Complex are considered as ancestral to the ethnohistoric Kumeyaay (Diegueflo ). Although several archaeologists consider the local Native American tribes to be latecomers, the traditional stories and histories passed down through oral tradition by the local Native American groups speak both presently and ethnographically to tribal presence in the region as being since the time of creation. 6 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project The Kumeyaay Native Americans were a seasonal hunting and gathering people with cultural elements that were very distinct from the people of the La Jolla Complex. Noted variations in material culture included cremation, the use of the bow and arrow, and adaptation to the use of the acorn as a main food staple (Moratto 1984). Along the coast, the Kumeyaay made use of marine resources by fishing and collecting shellfish for food. Seasonally available game and plant food resources (including acorns) were sources of nourishment for the Kumeyaay. By far the most important food resource for these people was the acorn. The acorn represented a storable surplus, which in tum allowed for seasonal sedentism and its attendant expansion of social phenomena. Firm evidence has not been recovered to indicate whether the people of the La Jolla Complex were present when the Kumeyaay Native Americans migrated into the coastal zone. However, stratigraphic information recovered from Site SDI-4609 in Sorrento Valley suggests a possible hiatus of 650 ± 100 years between the occupation of the coastal area by the La Jolla Complex (1,730 ± 75 YBP is the youngest date for the La Jolla Complex inhabitants at SDI-4609) and Late Prehistoric cultures (Smith and Moriarty 1983). More recently, a reevaluation of two prone burials at the Spindrift Site excavated by Moriarty ( 1965) and radiocarbon dates of a pre- ceramic phase of Yuman occupation near Santee suggest a commingling of the latest La Jolla Complex inhabitants and the earliest Yuman inhabitants about 2,000 years ago (Kyle and Gallegos 1993). History Exploration Period (1530 to 1769) The historic period around San Diego Bay began with the landing of Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo and his men in 1542 (Chapman 1921). Sixty years after the Cabrillo expeditions (1602 to 1603), an expedition under Sebastian Vizcaino made an extensive and thorough exploration of the Pacific coast. Although his voyage did not extend beyond the northern limits of the Cabrillo track, Vizcaino had the most lasting effect on the nomenclature of the coast. Many of the names Vizcaino gave to various locations throughout the region have survived to the present time, whereas nearly every one of Cabrillo's has faded from use. For example, Cabrillo gave the name "San Miguel" to the first port at which he stopped in what is now the United States; 60 years later, Vizcaino changed the port name to "San Diego" (Rolle 1969). Spanish Colonial Period (1769 to 1821) The Spanish occupation of the claimed territory of Alta California took place during the reign of King Carlos III of Spain (Engelhardt 1920). A powerful representative of the king in Mexico, Jose de Galvez conceived the plan to colonize Alta California and thereby secure the area for the Spanish Crown (Rolle 1969). The effort involved both military and religious contingents, where the overall intent of establishing forts and missions was to gain control of the land and the native inhabitants through conversion. Actual colonization of the San Diego area began on July 16, 1769 when the first Spanish exploring party, commanded by Gaspar de Portola (with Father 7 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project Junipero Serra in charge of religious conversion of the native populations), arrived by the overland route to San Diego to secure California for the Spanish Crown (Palou 1926). The natural attraction of the harbor at San Diego and the establishment of a military presence in the area solidified the importance of San Diego to the Spanish colonization of the region and the growth of the civilian population. Missions were constructed from San Diego to the area as far north as San Francisco. The mission locations were based upon a number of important territorial, military, and religious considerations. Grants of land were made to persons who applied, but many tracts reverted back to the government for lack of use. As an extension of territorial control by the Spanish Empire, each mission was placed so as to command as much territory and as large a population as possible. While primary access to California during the Spanish Period was by sea, the route of El Camino Real served as the land route for transportation, commercial, and military activities within the colony. This route was considered to be the most direct path between the missions (Rolle 1969; Caughey 1970). As increasing numbers of Spanish and Mexican peoples, as well as the later Americans during the Gold Rush, settled in the area, the Native American populations diminished as they were displaced or decimated by disease (Carrico and Taylor 1983). Mexican Period (1821 to 1846) On September 16, 1810, the priest Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla started a revolt against Spanish rule. He and his untrained Native American followers fought against the Spanish, but his revolt was unsuccessful and Father Hidalgo was executed. After this setback, Father Jose Morales led the revolutionaries, but he too failed and was executed. These two men are still symbols of Mexican liberty and patriotism. After the Mexican-born Spanish and the Catholic Church joined the revolution, Spain was finally defeated in 1821. Mexican Independence Day is celebrated on September 16 of each year, signifying the anniversary of the start of Father Hidalgo's revolt. The revolution had repercussions in the northern territories, and by 1834, all of the mission lands had been removed from the control of the Franciscan Order under the Acts of Secularization. Without proper maintenance, the missions quickly began to disintegrate, and after 1836, missionaries ceased to make regular visits inland to minister to the needs of the Native Americans (Engelhardt 1920). Large tracts of land continued to be granted to persons who applied for them or who had gained favor with the Mexican government. Grants of land were also made to settle government debts and the Mexican government was called upon to reaffirm some older Spanish land grants shortly before the Mexican-American War of 1846 (Moyer 1969). Anglo-American Period (1846 to Present) California was invaded by United States troops during the Mexican-American War from 1846 to 1848. The acquisition of strategic Pacific ports and California land was one of the principal objectives of the war (Price 1967). At the time, the inhabitants of California were practically defenseless, and they quickly surrendered to the United States Navy in July 184 7 (Bancroft 1886). 8 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report/or the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project The cattle ranchers of the "counties" of southern California had prospered during the cattle boom of the early 1850s. They were able to "reap windfall profit ... pay taxes and lawyer's bills ... and generally live according to custom" (Pitt 1966). However, cattle ranching soon declined, contributing to the expansion of agriculture. With the passage of the "No Fence Act," San Diego's economy shifted from raising cattle to farming (Robinson 1948). The act allowed for the expansion of unfenced farms, which was crucial in an area where fencing material was practically unavailable. Five years after its passage, most of the arable lands in San Diego County had been patented as either ranchos or homesteads, and growing grain crops replaced raising cattle in many of the county's inland valleys (Blick 1976; Elliott 1883 [1965]). By 1870, farmers had learned to dry farm and were coping with some of the peculiarities of San Diego County's climate (San Diego Union 1868; Van Dyke 1886). Between 1869 and 1871, the amount of cultivated acreage in the county increased from less than 5,000 to more than 20,000 acres (San Diego Union 1872). Of course, droughts continued to hinder the development of agriculture (Crouch 1915; San Diego Union 1870; Shipek 1977). Large-scale farming in San Diego County was limited by a lack of water and the small size of arable valleys. The small urban population and poor roads also restricted commercial crop growing. Meanwhile, cattle continued to be grazed in parts of inland San Diego County. In the Otay Mesa area, for example, the "No Fence Act" had little effect on cattle farmers because ranches were spaced far apart and natural ridges kept the cattle out of nearby growing crops (Gordinier 1966). During the first two decades of the twentieth century, the population of San Diego County continued to grow. The population of the inland county declined during the 1890s, but between 1900 and 1910, it rose by about 70 percent. The pioneering efforts were over, the railroads had broken the relative isolation of southern California, and life in San Diego County became similar to other communities throughout the west. After World War I, the history of San Diego County was primarily determined by the growth of San Diego Bay. In 1919, the United States Navy decided to make the bay the home base for the Pacific Fleet (Pourade 1967), as did the aircraft industry during the 1920s (Heiges 1976). The establishment of these industries led to the growth of the county as a whole; however, most of the civilian population growth occurred in the north county coastal areas, where the population almost tripled between 1920 and 1930. During this time period, the history of inland San Diego County was subsidiary to that of the city of San Diego, which had become a Navy center and an industrial city (Heiges 1976). In inland San Diego County, agriculture became specialized and recreational areas were established in the mountain and desert areas. Just before World War II, urbanization began to spread to the inland parts of the county. General History of Carlsbad Mission San Luis Rey de Franca was constructed in 1798 near present-day Oceanside. The mission's lands encompassed present-day Carlsbad north to the current location of Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, east to Santa Ysabel, and south past Encinitas. The establishment of the 9 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project mission had detrimental effects upon the Native American communities within the area, as the fathers focused upon religious conversion and utilization of Native American labor to develop and maintain the cattle ranches, orchards, and water systems necessary for the mission's operation (Carlsbad Historical Society n.d.). In 1821, Mexico gained independence from Spain and the missions were soon secularized. As a result of the secularization, mission lands were divided up and granted to prominent Mexican families by the Mexican government (Stropes and Gallegos 2005). Juan Maria Marron II was granted 13,311 acres in 1842, naming the land grant Rancho Agua Hedionda. The grant included present-day Carlsbad and Carlsbad Ranch. After Marr6n's death in 1853, the ranch was divided up among his family; however, financial troubles eventually led to the land being sold to Francis Hinton in 1865. Hinton then hired Robert Kelly, who later inherited the ranch from Hinton (Stropes and Gallegos 2005). In 1880, Kelly granted the Southern California Railway a coastal right-of-way that allowed for a connection between San Diego and Los Angeles. In 1883, John Frazier and his family settled on 160 acres near the railroad line, just south of Buena Vista Lagoon. Unfortunately, a lack of potable water made it difficult for Frazier to farm the land. As a result, he hired expert well borers, the Mull Brothers, to dig a well on his property in 1885. The boring for the well resulted in the discovery of both mineral and artesian water at 245 feet, which increased the value of the land by 50 percent. After discovering the water, Frazier constructed a platform near the rail line, called Frazier's Station, and gave water to passengers (Carlsbad Historical Society n.d.). The water from Frazier's well was tested and found to match the mineral content of Well Number Nine in the Karlsbad Bohemia Spas. After hearing about Frazier's well, Gerhard Schutte, D.D. Wadsworth, Henry Nelson, and Samuel Church Smith came to the area in 1886 and formed a real estate investment group (the Carlsbad Land and Water Company) in order to associate the land with the famous Karlsbad Bohemia Spas. Once formed, the Carlsbad Land and Water Company purchased 270 acres of land from Frazier and 130 acres of coastal lands, all located outside of the Kelly Rancho Agua Hedionda Land Grant. The company drilled additional wells and water was piped throughout the newly purchased lands, which Schutte and Wadsworth platted as a new townsite. They also built the Carlsbad Hotel in 1888, which was destroyed by a fire in 1896 (Carlsbad Historical Society n.d.) (Plate 1). Cultural Resource Moniloring Report/or the Laguna Drive Subdivision Projecl Plate 1: From left to right: John Frazier, his wife and daughter, Gerhard Schutte, Samuel Church Smith, and D.D. Wadsworth standing at the platform in front of Wadsworth's mansion (left) and the Carlsbad Hotel (right). (Photograph courtesy of the San Diego History Center) Despite Frazier's well and the efforts of the Carlsbad Land and Water Company, during the late 1890s, drought forced farmers in the region to implement dry farming as the primary method of agriculture. When Robert Kelly died in 1890, Ra ncho Agua Hedionda passed to his brother Matthew's nine children, who subsequently divided up the land between them (Plate 2) (Moyer 1969). The Kelly heirs raised livestock and dry-farmed beans, corn, and hay (Stropes and Gallegos 2005). Not only did the drought necessitate a change in agricultural practices, but it also resulted in a land bust. The population of Carlsbad dwindled to nearly 150 people and even Samuel Church Smith and his family left Carlsbad for National City. Alexander Shipley purchased the Smith home in the 1890s, relocating to the area with his family from Calistoga (Carlsbad Historical Society n.d.). In 1906, the waterworks sourced by Frazier's well were no longer operational and Shipley paid to get the pipelines back up and running. In 1914, the South Coast Land Company drilled wells in the San Luis Rey Valley and began piping water to Carlsbad. 11 1 ,1 I , -r./ '11.il,. • Plate 2: 1896 map of the Kelly Grant division of Rancho Agua Hedionda. (Map courtesy of the Carlsbad History Room, Carlsbad City Library) Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project The South Coast Land Company had also purchased all of the Carlsbad Land and Water Company lands. The new availability of water caused Carlsbad to grow once again. People, particularly farmers, began arriving in Carlsbad in great numbers and in 1916, the first avocado grove was planted. The avocado did so well in the area that the South Coast Land Company began selling larger tracts of land for the new owners to use for agriculture (Carlsbad Historical Society n.d.). III. PROJECT DESCRIPTION This archaeological review encompasses the entire residential lot on Assessor's Parcel Number (APN) 155-221-12. The property contained a single-family residence and a 1,600-square- foot medical office building which were subsequently demolished. The project proposes to subdivide the 0.75-acre property into two lots, one lot for 13 three-story condominium units and one lot dedicated to open space (Figure 3). Previous studies indicate that the project is located adjacent to the recorded boundaries of prehistoric Site SDI-627. IV. STUDY METHODS BFSA provided monitoring services from between August 25, 2020 and October 26, 2021. A preconstruction meeting was held on August 25, 2020 and was attended by BFSA Project Archaeologist Andrew Garrison and a Cami Mojado, a Luisefio Native American representative from Saving Sacred Sites. BFSA project personnel for the current phase of cultural resource monitoring work included Principal Investigator Brian F. Smith and cultural resource monitors David Grabski, Kirstie McPeek, Adrian Sanchez-Moreno, Andrew Garrison, Allison Reynolds, Clarence Hoff, Sabrina Corcoran-Kadi, and John Baber. At the preconstruction meeting on August 25, 2020, the BFSA representative noted that the buildings at the property had been demolished, and that excavation had occurred around a temporary power pole in the southeast corner of the property. Within the soils, a concentration of shell, fire-affected rock, and ground stone were observed. BFSA notified the project applicant and the City of Carlsbad of the discovery and the intent to screen the spoils pile created by the power pole installation for further cultural materials. On August 28, 2020, BFSA archaeologists hand screened the excavated piles, bucketed the recovery, and returned it to the BFSA laboratory for processing. The screening process was observed by a Native American monitor from Saving Sacred Sites. 12 0 0 = CD c::::s: -'" LINE 11,6,SEO ON ADJACENT-,. " STRUCTURES '- OS BUFFER SETBACK UEl MODIFICATION ZONE 8-3 - , MODIFIED ATIO STRING LINE BASED ON-r- ADJACENT STRUClVFES TOP OF SLOPE PER --., '-SURVEY • LINE- F SLOPE WETI.ANO EDGE j I 0 ZS' LATERAL PUBLIC ACCESS ~ MY 20 40 fl 5 LO Ill ~ DASH~O LINES )NOICATE EDGES OF 'NW.F\JEL MOO ZONE ll-3 Figure 3 Project Development Map The Laguna Drive Subdivision Project Legend c::I Project Boundary Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project V. RESULTS OF THE STUDY Background Research There is documented evidence of the presence of a prehistoric campsite in the general area of the project. The property is identified as being adjacent to the southwest boundary of archaeological Site SDI-627 (Figure 4). No studies have been conducted at Site SDI-627 since it was recorded by Wallace in 1958. However, Wallace describes the site as a prehistoric campsite that was largely destroyed by housing and road construction in the 1940s and 1950s. Based upon the background research and the location of the project, the subject property is considered sensitive for potential cultural resources. Field Monitoring As required by City of Carlsbad guidelines, an archaeologist from BFSA and a Native American monitor from Saving Sacred Sites were present during earth-disturbing activities within the lot. During the monitoring program, careful attention was paid to the excavation process and the excavated soils to search for evidence of historic and prehistoric resources. Archaeological and Native American monitoring were conducted on an as-needed basis between August 25, 2020 and October 26, 2021. Monitoring identified disturbed remnants of SDI-627, including 15 fragments of debitage, one adze, two manos, one ground stone fragment, 11 ,403.8 grams of FAR, 2.1 grams of fauna! bone, and 3,483.9 grams of marine shell (Table 1 and Appendix C) from throughout the project area (Figure 5). Table 1 Artifact Recovery From Site SDI-627 at the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project ObjeetType Quatity Peneat Flaked Stone Debitage 15 78.95 Adze 1 5.26 Ground Stone Mano 2 10.53 Ground Stone 1 5.26 Bulk Items (in grams) Marine Shell 3,483 .9 - Fauna! Bone 2.1 - FAR 11,403.8 - Total 19 100.00 14 Legend c::I Project Boundary • Cultural Resource Figure 4 Cultural Resource L~_cation Map The Laguna Drive Subdivision Project USGS San l.uis Rey Quadrangle (7.5-minute series) 15 L'S.'Sl -0 0 • • Project Boundary Monitoring Recovery I Monitoring Recovery 2 Monitoring Recovery 3 Monitoring Recovery 4 Monitoring Recovery 5 Monitoring Reco ery 6 Monitoring Recovery 7 Monitoring Recovery 8 Monitoring Recovery 9 Figure 5 Monitoring Recovery Location Map The Laguna Drive Subdivis ion Project 16 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project A total of3,483.9 grams of marine shell were recovered from SDI-627 (Table 1). A sample of approximately 10.00 percent of the recovered marine shell was analyzed in order to characterize the marine shell recovery at this portion of SDI-627. All shell within the sample was identified to species, unless the shell was too weathered or fragmented. In that case, the shell was identified to family. Table 2 Sampled Marine Shell Recovery by Species From Site SDI-627 at the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project Spedel Weipt Percent (&rams) Mollusca: Bivalvia Argopecten sp. 18.1 5.46 Chione sp. 279.8 84.40 Donax gouldii 3.4 1.03 Ostrea sp. 21.3 6.43 Protothaca sp. 8.9 2.68 Total 331.5 100.00 A variety of clams and oysters representing five different genera were identified (see Table 2). The majority of the shell consists of Chione sp., comprising 84.40 percent (279.8 grams) of the sample. Ostrea sp. was the second most common mollusk, making up 6.43 percent (21.3 grams of the sample. Argopecten sp. followed with 18.1 grams (5.46 percent), followed by Protothaca sp . with 8.9 grams (2.68 percent) and Donax gouldii with 3.4 grams (1.03 percent) of the overall sample. The recovered mollusks were common food resources during prehistory. The recovered shell could have easily been found at the nearby sandy beaches or lagoon and utilized for food , utilitarian, and ornamental purposes by the occupants of SDI-627. Evaluation The monitoring program resulted in the discovery of prehistoric cultural materials associated with SDI-627. The scope of work for this project did not include standard archaeological test units nor was the process of monitoring intended to contribute to the scientific analysis of Site SDI-627. The monitoring program cleared the property of any intact deposits (none were found) and led to the determination that although SDI-627 can now be extended in its breadth, this portion of the archaeological deposit is essentially artifactual and ecofactual "noise" extending from the core areas of the site to the northwest of the cmTent project. It is clear that the current project was disturbed previously by grading for the neighborhood in the 1950s and 1960s. 17 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project VI. REC OMMENDATIONS The archeological monitoring for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project revealed the presence of a small amount of disturbed cultural materials associated with the prehistoric site at SDI-627. Because this cultural material was disturbed and had no research potential, additional mitigation measures were not required as part of the MMRP. The development has not resulted in any significant impacts to SDI-627. It is entirely possible that additional elements of SDI-627 are located on adjacent parcels and streets, and the City should require monitoring of any construction excavations in the vicinity of this property. The recovery for the project will be recorded at the SCIC and the artifacts be repatriated at the request of San Luis Rey representatives. VII. CERTIFICATION I hereby certify that the statements furnished above and in the attached exhibits present the data and information required for this archaeological report, and that the facts, statements, and information presented are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief, and have been compiled in accordance with CEQA criteria as defined in Section 15064.5 and City of Carlsbad Historical Resources Guidelines. Brian F. Smith, M.A. Principal Investigator VIII. REFERENCES Bada, Jeffrey L., Roy A. Schroeder, and George F. Carter November 11, 2021 Date 1974 New Evidence for the Antiquity of Man in America Deduced from Aspartic Acid Racemization. Science 184:791-793 . Bancroft, Hubert Howe 1886 History of California (Vol. II). The History Company, San Francisco. Blick, J.D. 1976 Agriculture in San Diego County. In San Diego -An Introduction to the Area. Edited by Philip Pryde. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa. Bull, C. 1983 Shaking the Foundations: The Evidence for San Diego Prehistory. Cultural Resource Management Casual Papers 1(3):15-64. Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University. 18 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project 1987 A New Proposal: Some Suggestions for San Diego Prehistory. In: San Dieguito-La Jolla: Chronology and Controversy, edited by Dennis Gallegos, pp. 35-42. San Diego County Archaeological Society Research Paper No. 1. Cardenas, D. Sean 1986 Avocado Highlands: An Inland Late La Jolla and Preceramic Yuman Site from Southern San Diego County. Cultural Resource Management Casual Paper 2(2). Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University. Carlsbad Historical Society N.d. Carlsbad history. Electronic document, https://www.carlsbadhistoricalsociety.com/, accessed August 26, 2018. Carrico, Richard L. and Clifford V.F. Taylor 1983 Excavation of a Portion of Y stagua: A Coastal Valley Ipai Settlement Environmental Impact Report on file at the City of San Diego, Environmental Quality Division. Carter, George F. 1957 Pleistocene Man at San Diego. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore. 1980 Earlier than You Think: A Personal View of Man in America. Texas A&M University Press, College Station. Caughey, John W. 1970 California: A Remarkable State's Life History (Third Edition). Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. Chapman, Charles E. 1921 A History of California: The Spanish Period. The Macmillan Company, New York. Crouch, Herbert 1915 Reminiscences, 1868-1915. Unpublished manuscript, California Room, San Diego Public Library; and SDHS Library, Serra Museum. Davis, E.L., C.W. Brott, and D.L. Weide 1969 The Western Lithic Co-Tradition. San Diego Museum Papers (6). San Diego Museum of Man, San Diego. Elliott, Wallace W. 1883 History of San Bernardino and San Diego Counties (1965 Edition). Riverside Museum Press, Riverside, California. Engelhardt, Zephryn 1920 San Diego Mission. James M. Barry Company, San Francisco. 19 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project Ezell, Paul H. 1983 A New Look at the San Dieguito Culture. Cultural Resource Management Casual Papers 1(3):103-109. Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, San Diego. 1987 The Harris Site -An Atypical San Dieguito Site, or am I Beating a Dead Horse? In: San Dieguito-La Jolla: Chronology and Controversy, edited by Dennis Gallegos, pp. 15-22. San Diego County Archaeological Society Research Paper No. 1. Gallegos, Dennis R. 1987 A Review and Synthesis of Environmental and Cultural Material for the Batiquitos Lagoon Region. In San Dieguito-La Jolla: Chronology and Controversy, Edited by D. Gallegos. San Diego County Archaeological Society Research Paper 1 :23-34. Gordinier, Jerry G. 1966 Problems of Settlement in the San Diego Foothills. Unpublished Master's thesis, San Diego State College, San Diego. Heiges, Harvey 1976 The Economic Base of San Diego County. In San Diego -An Introduction to the Region. Edited by Philip Pryde. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa. Kyle, Carolyn E. and Dennis R. Gallegos 1993 Data Recovery Program for a Portion of Prehistoric Site CA-SDI-10148, East Mission Gorge Pump Station and Force Main, San Diego, California. Unpublished report on file at the South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Kyle, Carolyn, Adella Schroth, and Dennis R. Gallegos 1990 Early Period Occupation at the Kuebler Ranch Site SDl-8,654 Otay Mesa, San Diego County, California. Prepared for County of San Diego, Department of Public Works by ERCE Environmental and Energy Services Co., San Diego, California. Minshall, Herbert L. 1976 The Broken Stones. Copley Books, San Diego. 1989 Buchanan Canyon: Ancient Human Presence in the Americas. Slawson Communications, San Marcos, California. Moratto, Michael J. 1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, New York. Moriarty, James R., III 1965 Cosmogeny, Rituals, and Medical Practice Among the Dieguefto Indians of Southern California. Anthropological Journal of Canada 3(3):2-14. 20 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project 1966 Culture Phase Divisions Suggested by Topological Change Coordinated with Stratigraphically Controlled Radiocarbon Dating in San Diego. Anthropological Journal of Canada 4(4):20-30. 1967 Transitional Pre-Desert Phase in San Diego, California. Science 155(3762):553-336. Scripps Institution -UCSD Contribution NO. 2278. 1969 San Dieguito Complex: Suggested Environmental and Cultural Relationships. Anthropological Journal of Canada 7(3):2-18. Moriarty, James Robert, III and Herbert L. Minshall 1972 A New Pre-Desert Site Discovered near Texas Street. Anthropological Journal of Canada 10(3):10-13. Moyer, Cecil C. 1969 Historic Ranchos of San Diego. Edited by Richard F. Pourade. Union-Tribune Publishing Company, San Diego. Palau, Fray Francisco 1926 Historical Memoirs of New California. Edited by Herbert Eugene Bolton ( 4 Volumes). University of California Press, Berkeley. Pitt, Leonard 1966 The Decline of the Californios. University of California Press, Los Angeles. Pourade, Richard F. 1967 The Rising Tide: Southern California in the Twenties and Thirties. Union-Tribune Publishing Company, San Diego. Price, Glenn W. 1967 Origins of the War with Mexico. University of Texas Press, Austin. Raven-Jennings, Shelly and Brian F. Smith 1999a Final Report for Site SDI-8330/W-240 "Scraper Hill," Escondido, California. Unpublished report on file at the South Coastal Information Center at San Diego State University, San Diego, California. 1999b Report of Excavations at CA-SDI-4608: Subsistence and Technology Transitions during the Mid-to-Late Holocene in San Diego County (Scripps Poway Parkway). Unpublished report on file at the South Coastal Information Center at San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Reeves, Brian O.K. 1985 Early Man in the Americas: Who, When, and Why. In: Woman, Poet, Scientist: Essays in New World Anthropology Honoring Dr. Emma Louise Davis, edited by Thomas C. 21 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report/or the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project Blackbum, pp. 79-104. Ballena Press Anthropological Papers No. 29. Los Altos, California. Reeves, Brian, John M.D. Pohl, and Jason W. Smith. 1986 The Mission Ridge Site and the Texas Street Question. In: New Evidence for the Pleistocene Peopling of the Americas, edited by Alan Lyle Bryan, pp. 65-80. Center for the Study of Early Man, University of Maine, Orono. Robinson, W.W. 1948 Land in California. University of California Press, Berkeley. Robbins-Wade, Mary Judith 1990 Prehistoric Settlement Pattern of Otay Mesa San Diego County, California. Unpublished Master's thesis, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Rogers, Malcolm 1966 Ancient Hunters of the Far West. Edited with contributions by H.M. Worthington, E.L. Davis, and Clark W. Brott. Union Tribune Publishing Company, San Diego. Rolle, Andrew F. 1969 California: A History (Second Edition). Thomas Y. Crowell Company, New York. San Diego Union 1868 6 February. San Diego, California. 1870 10 November. San Diego, California. 1872 2 January. San Diego, California. Shipek, Florence 1977 A Strategy for Change: The Luiseiio of Southern California. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation on file at the University of Hawaii. Shumway, George, Carl L. Hubbs, and James R. Moriarty 1961 Scripps Estate Site, San Diego, California: A La Jollan Site Dated 5,460-7,370 Years Before the Present. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 93(3). Smith, Brian F. 1996 The Results of a Cultural Resource Study at the 4S Ranch. Unpublished report on file at the South Coastal Information Center at San Diego State University, San Diego, Califomoa. Smith, Brian F. and James R. Moriarty 1983 An Archaeological Evaluation of a Drainage Channel Project at the South Sorrento Business Park. Environmental Impact Report on file at the City of San Diego, San 22 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project Diego, California. 1985 The Archaeological Excavations at Site W-20, Sierra Del Mar. Unpublished report on file at the South Coastal Information Center at San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Stropes, Tracy A. 2007 Nodule Industries of North Coastal San Diego: Understanding Change and Stasis in 10,000 Years of Lithic Technology. Thesis, San Diego State University, San Diego, California. Stropes, Tracy A. and Dennis R. Gallegos. 2005 Cultural Resource Data Recovery and Indexing and Preservation Program for the Grand Pacific Resorts Site CA-SDI-8797 Area A, City of Carlsbad, California. Gallegos & Associates. Unpublished report on file at the South Coastal Information Center at San Diego State University, San Diego, California. True, Delbert L. 1958 An Early Complex in San Diego County, California. American Antiquity 23(3). 1966 Archaeological Differentiation of the Shoshonean and Yuman Speaking Groups in Southern California. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California at Los Angeles. 1970 Investigations of a Late Prehistoric Complex in Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, San Diego County, California. Archaeological Survey Monograph. University of California, Los Angeles. 1980 The Pauma Complex in Northern San Diego County: 1978. Journal of New World Archaeology 3(4):1-39. 1986 Molpa, a Late Prehistoric Site in Northern San Diego County: The San Luis Rey Complex, 1983. In: Symposium: A New Look at Some Old Sites, edited by Gary S. Breschini and Trudy Haversat, pp. 29-36. Coyote Press, Salinas. True, D.L. and Eleanor Beemer 1982 Two Milling Stone Inventories from Northern San Diego County, California. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 4:233-261. True, D.L. and R. Pankey 1985 Radiocarbon Dates for the Pauma Complex Component at the Pankey Site, Northern San Diego County, California. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 7:240-244. 23 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project Van Dyke, Theodore 1886 Southern California. Fords, Howard and Hulbert. Warren, Claude N. 1964 Cultural Change and Continuity on the San Diego Coast. Unpublished Doctoral dissertation on file at the University of California, Los Angeles. 1966 The San Dieguito Type Site: Malcolm J. Rogers' 1938 Excavation on the San Dieguito River. San Diego Museum Papers (6). Warren, Claude L., Gretchen Siegler, and Frank Dittmer 1998 Paleoindian and Early Archaic Periods, In Prehistoric and Historic Archaeology of Metropolitan San Diego: A Historical Properties Background Study (draft). Prepared for and on file at ASM Affiliates, Inc., San Diego, California. Waugh, Georgie 1986 Intensification and Land-use: Archaeological Indication of Transition and Transformation in a Late Prehistoric Complex in Southern California. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis. Wirths, Todd A. 2021 Negative Paleontological Monitoring and Mitigation Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project, 570 and 580 Laguna Drive, Carlsbad, California (CT 2018-0006 / RP 2018-0008 I CDP 2018-0032 I HDP 2018-0003 I HMP 2018-0003). Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. Report in progress and on file at Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc., Poway, California. 24 Cultural Resource Monitoring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdivision Project APPENDIX A Resumes of Qualified Personnel Brian F. Smith, MA Owner, Principal Investigator r,,ian I"'. Smith and Aeeoc:iaties, Inc. HOK) Powa,g Road • Suite A• Phone: CMB) 679-81J8 • l"'ax; CMB) 679-98'6 • t:-Mad, ~com E:duc.ation Master of Arts, History, University of San Diego, California Bachelor of Arts, History, and Anthropology, University of San Diego, California Professional Memberships Society for California Archaeology Experience Principal Investigator Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. 1982 1975 1977-Present Poway, California Brian F. Smith is the o_wner and principal historical and archaeological consultant for Brian F. Smith and Associates. Over the past 32 years, he has conducted over 2,500 cultural resource studies in California, Arizona, Nevada, Montana, and Texas. These studies include every possible aspect of archaeology from literature searches and large-scale surveys to intensive data recovery excavations. Reports prepared by Mr. Smith have been submitted to all facets of local, state, and federal review agencies, including the US Army Corps of Engineers, the Bureau of Land Management, the Bureau of Reclamation, the Department of Defense, and the Department of Homeland Security. In addition, Mr. Smith has conducted studies for utility companies (Sempra Energy) and state highway departments (CalTrans). Professional Accomplishments These selected major professional accomplishments represent research efforts that have added significantly to the body of knowledge concerning the prehistoric life ways of cultures once present in the Southern California area and historic settlement since the late 18th century. Mr. Smith has been principal investigator on the following select projects, except where noted. Downtown San Diego Mitigation and Monitoring Reporting Programs: Large numbers of downtown San Diego mitigation and monitoring projects, some of which included Broadway Block (2019), 915 Grape Street (2019), 1919 Pacific Highway (2018), Moxy Hotel (2018), Makers Quarter Block D (2017), Ballpark Village (2017), 460 16th Street (2017), Kettner and Ash (2017), Bayside Fire Station (2017), Pinnacle on the Park (2017), IDEA 1 (2016), Blue Sky San Diego (2016), Pacific Gate (2016), Pendry Hotel (2015), Cisterra Sempra Office Tower (2014), 15th and Island (2014), Park and G (2014), Comm 22 (2014), 7th and F Street Parking (2013), Ariel Suites (2013), 13th and Marker (2012), Strata (2008), Hotel Indigo (2008), Lofts at 707 10th Avenue Project (2007), Breeza (2007), Bayside at the Embarcadero (2007), Aria (2007), Icon (2007), Vantage Pointe (2007), Aperture (2007), Sapphire Tower (2007), Lofts at 655 Sixth Avenue (2007), Metrowork (2007), The Legend (2006), The Mark (2006), Smart Corner (2006), Lofts at 677 7th Avenue (2005), Aloft on Cortez Hill (2005), Front and Beech Apartments (2003), Bella Via Condominiums (2003), Acqua Vista Residential Tower (2003), Northblock Lofts (2003), Westin Park Place Hotel (2001 ), Parkloft frim f'. smith and Associatcs, Inc.. 2 Apartment Complex (2001 ), Renaissance Park (2001 ), and Laurel Bay Apartments (2001 ). 1900 and 1912 Spindrift Drive: An extensive data recovery and mitigation monitoring program at the Spindrift Site, an important prehistoric archaeological habitation site stretching across the La Jolla area. The project resulted in the discovery of over 20,000 artifacts and nearly 100,000 grams of bulk faunal remains and marine shell, indicating a substantial occupation area (2013-2014). San Diego Airport Development Project: An extensive historic assessment of multiple buildings at the San Diego International Airport and included the preparation of Historic American Buildings Survey documentation to preserve significant elements of the airport prior to demolition (2017-2018). Citracado Parkway Extension: A still-ongoing project in the city of Escondido to mitigate impacts to an important archaeological occupation site. Various archaeological studies have been conducted by BFSA resulting in the identification of a significant cultural deposit within the project area. Westin Hotel and Timeshare (Grand Pacific Resorts): Data recovery and mitigation monitoring program in the city of Carlsbad consisted of the excavation of 17 6 one-square-meter archaeological data recovery units which produced thousands of prehistoric artifacts and ecofacts, and resulted in the preservation of a significant prehistoric habitation site. The artifacts recovered from the site presented important new data about the prehistory of the region and Native American occupation in the area (2017). The Everly Subdivision Project: Data recovery and mitigation monitoring program in the city of El Cajon resulted in the identification of a significant prehistoric occupation site from both the Late Prehistoric and Archaic Periods, as well as producing historic artifacts that correspond to the use of the property since 1886. The project produced an unprecedented quantity of artifacts in comparison to the area . encompassed by the site, but lacked characteristics that typically reflect intense occupation, indicating that the site was used intensively for food processing (2014-2015). Ballpark Village: A mitigation and monitoring program within three city blocks in the East Village area of San Diego resulting in the discovery of a significant historic deposit. Nearly 5,000 historic artifacts and over 500,000 grams of bulk historic building fragments, food waste, and other materials representing an occupation period between 1880 and 1917 were recovered (2015-2017). Archaeology at the Padres Ballpark: Involved the analysis of historic resources within a seven-block area of the "East Village" area of San Diego, where occupation spanned a period from the 1870s to the 1940s. Over a period of two years, BFSA recovered over 200,000 artifacts and hundreds of pounds of metal, construction debris, unidentified broken glass, and wood. Collectively, the Ballpark Project and the other downtown mitigation and monitoring projects represent the largest historical archaeological program anywhere in the country in the past decade (2000-2007). 4S Ranch Archaeological and Historical Cultural Resources Study: Data recovery program consisted of the excavation of over 2,000 square meters of archaeological deposits that produced over one million artifacts, containing primarily prehistoric materials. The archaeological program at 4S Ranch is the largest archaeological study ever undertaken in the San Diego County area and has produced data that has exceeded expectations regarding the resolution of long-standing research questions and regional prehistoric settlement patterns. Charles H. Brown Site: Attracted international attention to the discovery of evidence of the antiquity of man in North America. Site located in Mission Valley, in the city of San Diego. Del Mar Man Site: Study of the now famous Early Man Site in Del Mar, California, for the San Diego Science Foundation and the San Diego Museum of Man, under the direction of Dr. Spencer Rogers and Dr. James R. Moriarty. Brian F. smith and Associates, Inc. } Old Town State Park Projects: Consulting Historical Archaeologist. Projects completed in the Old Town State Park involved development of individual lots for commercial enterprises. The projects completed in Old Town include Archaeological and Historical Site Assessment for the Great Wall Cafe (1992), Archaeological Study for the Old Town Commercial Project ( 1991), and Cultural Resources Site Survey at the Old San Diego Inn (1988). Site W-20, Del Mar, California: A two-year-long investigation of a major prehistoric site in the Del Mar area of the city of San Diego. This research effort documented the earliest practice of religious/ceremonial activities in San Diego County (circa 6,000 years ago), facilitated the projection of major non-material aspects of the La Jolla Complex, and revealed the pattern of civilization at this site over a continuous period of 5,000 years. The report for the investigation included over 600 pages, with nearly 500,000 words of text, illustrations, maps, and photographs documenting this major study. City of San Diego Reclaimed Water Distribution System: A cultural resource study of nearly 400 miles of pipeline in the city and county of San Diego. Master Environmental Assessment Project, City of Poway: Conducted for the City of Poway to produce a complete inventory of all recorded historic and prehistoric properties within the city. The information was used in conjunction with the City's General Plan Update to produce a map matrix of the city showing areas of high, moderate, and low potential for the presence of cultural resources. The effort also included the development of the City's Cultural Resource Guidelines, which were adopted as City policy. Draft of the City of Carlsbad Historical and Archaeological Guidelines: Contracted by the City of Carlsbad to produce the draft of the City's historical and archaeological guidelines for use by the Planning Department of the City. The Mid-Bayfront Project for the City of Chula Vista: Involved a large expanse of undeveloped agricultural land situated between the railroad and San Diego Bay in the northwestern portion of the city. The study included the analysis of some potentially historic features and numerous prehistoric Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Audie Murphy Ranch, Riverside County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of 1, 113.4 acres and 43 sites, both prehistoric and historic-included project coordination; direction of field crews; evaluation of sites for significance based on County of Riverside and CEQA guidelines; assessment of cupule, pictograph, and rock shelter sites, co-authoring of cultural resources project report. February-September 2002. Cultural Resources Evaluation of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Otay Ranch Village 13 Project, San Diego County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of 1,947 acres and 7 6 sites, both prehistoric and historic-included project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; assessment of sites for significance based on County of San Diego and CEQA guidelines; co- authoring of cultural resources project report. May-November 2002. Cultural Resources Survey for the Remote Video Surveillance Project, El Centro Sector, Imperial County: Project manager/director for a survey of 29 individual sites near the U.S./Mexico Border for proposed video surveillance camera locations associated with the San Diego Border barrier Project-project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; site identification and recordation; assessment of potential impacts to cultural resources; meeting and coordinating with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, U.S. Border Patrol, and other government agencies involved; co-authoring of cultural resources project report. January, February, and July 2002. Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Menifee West GPA, Riverside County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of nine sites, both prehistoric and historic-included project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; assessment of sites f>rian r. Smith and Assodatcs, Inc. + for significance based on County of Riverside and CEQA guidelines; historic research; co-authoring of cultural resources project report. January-March 2002. Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed French Valley Specific Plan/EIR, Riverside County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of two prehistoric and three historic sites-included project coordination and budgeting; survey of project area; Native American consultation; direction of field crews; assessment of sites for significance based on CEQA guidelines; cultural resources project report in prep. July-August 2000. Cultural Resources Survey and Test of Sites Within the Proposed Development of the Menifee Ranch, Riverside County, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of one prehistoric and five historic sites-included project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; feature recordation; historic structure assessments; assessment of sites for significance based on CEQA guidelines; historic research; co-authoring of cultural resources project report. February-June 2000. Salvage Mitigation of a Portion of the San Diego Presidio Identified During Water Pipe Construction for the City of San Diego, California: Project archaeologist/director-included direction of field crews; development and completion of data recovery program; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis and authoring of cultural resources project report in prep. April 2000. Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Tyrian 3 Project, La Jolla, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of a single-dwelling parcel-included project coordination; assessment of parcel for potentially buried cultural deposits; authoring of cultural resources project report. April 2000. Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Lamont 5 Project, Pacific Beach, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of a single-dwelling parcel-included project coordination; assessment of parcel for potentially buried cultural deposits; authoring of cultural resources project report. April 2000. Enhanced Cultural Resource Survey and Evaluation for the Reiss Residence Project, La Jolla, California: Project manager/director of the investigation of a single-dwelling parcel-included project coordination; assessment of parcel for potentially buried cultural deposits; authoring of cultural resources project report. March-April 2000. Salvage Mitigation of a Portion of Site SDM-W-95 (CA-SDl-211) for the Poinsettia Shores Santalina Development Project and Caltrans, Carlsbad, California: Project archaeologist/ director-included direction of field crews; development and completion of data recovery program; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis and authoring of cultural resources project report in prep. December 1999-January 2000. Survey and Testing of Two Prehistoric Cultural Resources for the Airway Truck Parking Project, Otay Mesa, California: Project archaeologist/director-included direction of field crews; development and completion of testing recovery program; assessment of site for significance based on CEQA guidelines; authoring of cultural resources project report, in prep. December 1999-January 2000. Cultural Resources Phase I and II Investigations for the Tin Can Hill Segment of the Immigration and Naturalization Services Triple Fence Project Along the International Border, San Diego County, California: Project manager/director for a survey and testing of a prehistoric quarry site along the border-NRHP eligibility assessment; project coordination and budgeting; direction of field crews; feature recordation; meeting and coordinating with U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; co-authoring of cultural resources project report. December 1999-January 2000. Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. , Mitigation of a Prehistoric Cultural Resource for the Westview High School Project for the City of San Diego, California: Project archaeologist/ director-included direction of field crews; development and completion of data recovery program including collection of material for specialized faunal and botanical analyses; assessment of sites for significance based on CEQA guidelines; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis; co-authoring of cultural resources project report, in prep. October 1999-January 2000. Mitigation of a Prehistoric Cultural Resource for the Otay Ranch SPA-One West Proiect for the City of Chula Vista, California: Project archaeologist/director-included direction of field crews; development of data recovery program; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; assessment of site for significance based on CEQA guidelines; data synthesis; authoring of cultural resources project report, in prep. September 1999-January 2000. Monitoring of Grading for the Herschel Place Project, La Jolla, California: Project archaeologist/ monitor- included monitoring of grading activities associated with the development of a single-dwelling parcel. September 1999. Survey and Testing of a Historic Resource for the Osterkamp Development Project, Valley Center, California: Project archaeologist/ director-included direction of field crews; development and completion of data recovery program; budget development; assessment of site for significance based on CEQA guidelines; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis; authoring of cultural resources project report. July-August 1999. Survey and Testing of a Prehistoric Cultural Resource for the Proposed College Boulevard Alignment Project, Carlsbad. California: Project manager/director-included direction of field crews; development and completion of testing recovery program; assessment of site for significance based on CEQA guidelines; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis; authoring of cultural resources project report, in prep. July-August 1999. Survey and Evaluation of Cultural Resources for the Palomar Christian Conference Center Project, Palomar Mountain, California: Project archaeologist-included direction of field crews; assessment of sites for significance based on CEQA guidelines; management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; data synthesis; authoring of cultural resources project report. July-August 1999. Survey and Evaluation of Cultural Resources at the Village 2 High School Site, Otay Ranch, City of Chula Vista. California: Project manager/director-management of artifact collections cataloging and curation; assessment of site for significance based on CEQA guidelines; data synthesis; authoring of cultural resources project report. July 1999. Cultural Resources Phase I. II. and Ill Investigations for the Immigration and Naturalization Services Triple Fence Project Along the International Border, San Diego County, California: Project manager/director for the survey, testing, and mitigation of sites along border-supervision of multiple field crews, NRHP eligibility assessments, Native American consultation, contribution to Environmental Assessment document, lithic and marine shell analysis, authoring of cultural resources project report. August 1997-January 2000. Phase I. II. and II Investigations for the Scripps Poway Parkway East Project, Poway California: Project archaeologist/project director-included recordation and assessment of multicomponent prehistoric and historic sites; direction of Phase II and Ill investigations; direction of laboratory analyses including prehistoric and historic collections; curation of collections; data synthesis; coauthorship of final cultural resources report. February 1994; March-September 1994; September-December 1995. Cultural Resource Moniloring Report for the Laguna Drive Subdicision Project APPENDIXB Site Record Form Update State of California -Natural Resources Agency DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION CONTINUATION SHEET Page 1 of 4 *Recorded by: Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. Primary# P-37-000627 HRI# Trinomial: SDI-627 *Date: 11/11/2021 *Resource Name or# SDI-627 □ Continuation ■ Update Site SDI-627 was recorded by Wallace in 1958 as a prehistoric campsite. No artifacts or features were noted. At the time, the site was already disturbed by the residential development. Brian F. Smith and Associates, Inc. conducted archaeological monitoring for the nearby Laguna Drive Subdivision Project, located at 570 and 580 Laguna Drive in Carlsbad. The monitoring program resulted in the identification of a disturbed portion of SDI-627. Monitoring identified disturbed remnants of SDI-627, including 15 debitage, one adze, two manos, and one ground stone fragment (Table 1). Additionally, 3,483.9 grams of marine shell, 2.1 grams of fauna! bone, and 11,403.8 grams of fire-affected rock were also collected. All artifacts were collected from within disturbed contexts throughout the project area and offsite utility trenching. At the completion of the project, artifacts will be repatriated at the request of Saving Sacred Sites. Table 1 --. ... --. ---... ._.. ___ Flaked Stone Debitage 15 78.95 Adze 1 5.26 Ground Stone Mano 2 10.53 Ground Stone 1 5.26 Bulk Items (weights in grams) Marine Shell 3,483 .9 - Fauna! Bone 2.1 - Fire-Affected Rock 11 ,403.8 - Total 19 100.00 DPR 523L (Rev. 1/199S}(Word 9/2013) • Required information State of California -Natural Resources Agency DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION ARTIFACT RECORD Page 2 of 4 Primary# P-37-000627 HRI# Trinomial: SDI-627 *Resource Name or# SDI-627 Location Where Collected Specimens are Curated: Repatriated with Saving Sacred Sites. cat It Dtpdl Altllld Oblect'l'Jpe Type L n c ...... Qty at(&) Type ( ) <-> ( ) I MR I 0-40 Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic Fragment 4879.37 Rock Rock ---- 2 MR 2 Surface Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic Fragment 544.30 Rock Rock ---- 3 MR 3 0-40 Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic, Fragment 575.54 Rock Rock Granitic ---- 4 MR I 0-40 Fauna Shell Undifferentiated ---Fragment -30.51 5 MR 2 Surface Fauna Shell Undifferentiated ---Fragment -29.64 6 MR 3 0-40 Fauna Shell Undifferentiated ---Fragment -7.36 7 MR I 0-40 Ground Stone Ground Stone Volcanic 58.58 36.23 29.85 Fragment I 74.29 8 MR 4 0-1 00 Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic, Fragment 4309.10 Rock Rock Granitic ---- 9 MR 4 0-100 Fauna Shell Undifferentiated ---Fragment -2986.62 IO MR 4 0-100 Fauna Bone Mammal ---Fragment -2.12 II MR 4 0-1 00 Flaked Stone Debitage Volcanic ---Fragment 12 I 01.73 12 MR 4 0-100 Flaked Stone Debitage Chert ---Fragment I 4.84 13 MR 4 0-100 Flaked Stone Debitage Quartz --" Fragment 2 29.12 14 MR 4 0-100 Flaked Stone Adze Metavolcanic 44.18 33.66 13.87 Complete I 26.93 15 MR 4 0-100 Ground Stone Mano Granite 73.09 62.61 48.56 Complete I 315.68 16 MR 4 0-100 Ground Stone Mano Granite 30.54 32.13 46.19 Fragment I 45.85 17 MR 4 0-100 Fauna Shell Chione sp. ---Fragment -279.84 18 MR 4 0-100 Fauna Shell Protothaca sp. ---Fragment -8.93 19 MR 4 0-100 Fauna Shell Ostrea sp. ---Fragment -21.3 I 20 MR 4 0-100 Fauna Shell Argopecten sp. " --Fragment -18.12 21 MR 4 0-100 Fauna Shell Donax sp. ---Fragment -3.38 22 MR 5 Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic, Fragment 366.77 -Rock Rock Granitic ---- 23 MR 5 -Fauna Marine Shell Chione sp., -" -Fragment -7.63 Ostrea so. 24 MR 6 40-50 Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic, Fragment 304.00 Rock Rock Granitic ---- Chione sp., 25 MR 7 40-50 Fauna Marine Shell Ostrea sp., ---Fragment -34.87 Argopecten sp., Donax sp. 26 MR 8 40-50 Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic, Fragment 98.87 Rock Rock Granitic ---- 27 MR 9 -Fauna Marine Shell Chione sp., ---Fragment -55.68 Arnooecten so. 28 MR 9 Fire-affected Fire-affected Volcanic, Fragment 325.89 -Rock Rock Granitic ---- NlR: Monitoring Recovery DPR 523H (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 2/2015) * Required information State of California -Natural Resources Agency DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION LOCATION MAP Page 3 of 4 *Map Name: USGS San Luis Re_y Quadrangle Legend c::::I Project Boundary -Resource DPR 523J (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Primary# P-37-000627 HRI# Trinomial: SDI-627 *Scale: 7.5-minute *Resource Name or# SDI-627 *Date of Map:.~1=9=97~--- 1000 2000 ft * Required information State of California ~ Natural Resources Agency DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION SKETCH MAP Page 4 of 4 *Drawn by: Brian F. Smith and Associates. Inc. Project Boundary Monitoring Recovery 1 -Monito1ing Recovery 2 I.S'SI Monitoring Recovery 3 -Monitoring Recovery 4 0 Monitoring Recovery 5 O Monitoring Recovery 6 0 Monitoring Recovery 7 e Monitoring Recovery 8 e Monitoring Recovery 9 DPR 523K (Rev. 1/1995)(Word 9/2013) Primary# P-37-000627 HRI# Trinomial: SDI-627 *Resource Name or# SDI-627 *Date of Map: 11/11/2021 5 10 m NOTE: Include bar scale and north arrow. Cultural Resource Monitoring Report/or the Laguna Drive Subdicision Project APPENDIXC Artifact Catalog Laguna Carlsbad (20-018) Archaeological Monitoring CA-SOl-627 2020 Field Year Masler Calalog v-Cat No SDl-627 2020 I SDl-627 2020 2 SDI-627 2020 3 SDI-627 2020 4 SDl-627 2020 5 SDJ-627 2020 6 SDI-627 2020 7 SDI-627 2020 8 SDI-627 2020 9 SDl-627 2020 IO SDl-627 2020 II SDI-627 2020 12 SDI-627 2020 13 SDI-627 2020 14 SDI-627 2020 I 5 SDI-627 2020 16 SDl-627 2020 17 SDI-627 2020 18 SDl-627 2020 19 SDl-627 2020 20 SDI-627 2020 21 SDI-627 2021 22 SDI-627 2021 23 SDI-627 2021 24 SDl-627 2021 25 SDl-627 2021 26 SDl-627 2021 27 SDI-627 2021 28 MR: Monitoring Recovery Printed on: 11/10/2021 lJalt lJIIII .,.__ N& MR I MR 2 MR 3 MR I MR 2 MR 3 MR I MR 4 MR 4 MR 4 MR 4 MR 4 MR 4 MR 4 MR 4 MR 4 MR 4 MR 4 MR 4 MR 4 MR 4 MR 5 MR 5 MR 6 MR 7 MR 8 MR 9 MR 9 .,.. Artlflct ()l,Jeet'l)pe Ol,flct!leMJpe ,_, 0-40 Fire-affecled Rock Fire-affected Rock 0=2 Surface Fire-affected Rock Fire-affected Rock 0=5 0-40 Fire-affected Rock Fire-affected Rock Q=4 0-40 Fauna Marine Shell Surface Fauna Marine Shell 0-40 Fauna Marine Shell 0-40 Ground Stone Ground Stone 0-100 Fire-affected Rock Fire-affected Rock 0--46 0-100 Fauna Marine Shell 0-100 Fauna Bone 0-100 Flaked Stone Debitage 0-1 00 Flaked Stone Debit32e 0-1 00 Flaked Stone Debitage 0-100 Flaked Stone Adze 0-100 Ground Stone Mano Unifacial Cobble 0-100 Ground Stone Mano 0-100 Fauna Marine Shell 0-100 Fauna Marine Shell 0-100 Fauna Marine Shell 0-100 Fauna Marine Shell 0-100 Fauna Marine Shell Fire-affected Rock Fire-affected Rock Q=2 Fauna Marine Shell 40-50 Fi re-affected Rock Fire-affected Rock 0 =2 40-50 Fauna Marine Shell 40-50 Fire-affected Rock Fire-affected Rock Q=2 Fauna Marine Shell Fire-affected Rock Fire-affected Rock Q=2 Page I of I Material Type L w n Coadldoa QI, Wp(I) , __ , , __ , ,_, Volcanic Fra1UT1ent 4879.37 Volcanic Fragment -544.30 Volcanic, Granitic Framnent 575.54 Undifferentiated Fragment 30.51 Undifferentiated Fra2JTient 29.64 Undifferentiated Fragment 7.36 Volcanic 58.58 36.23 29.85 Fra2111ent I 74.29 Volcanic, Granitic Fragment 4309. IO Undifferentiated -Fragment 2986.62 Mammal Fragment 2.12 Volcanic Fragment 12 101.73 Chert Fra1U11ent I 4.84 Quartz -Fra2ment 2 29.12 Metavolcanic 44.18 33.66 13.87 ComDlete I 26.93 Granite 73.09 62.61 48.56 ComDlete I 315.68 Granite 30.54 32.13 46.19 Fra2:ment I 45.85 Chione SD. Fragment 279.84 Protothaca sp. frs:.oment 8.93 Ostrea SD. Fragment 21.31 Argopecten sp. . Fragment 18.12 Donax so. . Fr:ioment 3.38 Volcanic, Granitic Fragment 366.77 Chione so., Ostrea so. Fra12ment 7.63 Volcanic, Granitic Fragment 304.00 Chione sp., Ostrea sp., Fragment 34.87 Argopecten sp., Donax sp. Volcanic. Granitic Fra2JTlent 98.87 Chione SD., Ar~opecten SD. -Fra_ll,TTlent 55.68 Volcanic, Granitic Fra2JT1ent 325.89 Acid-free Paper