HomeMy WebLinkAboutCT 12-01; Miles Pacific Subdivision; Tentative Map (CT) (9)GREENHOUSE GAS ASSESSMENT
Miles Tentative Map
Residential Development
Carlsbad, CA
Project Proponent:
Miles Pacific Limited Partnership
2373 Pio Pico Drive
Carlsbad, CA 92008
Prepared by:
LJn~lne.
446 Crestcourt Lane
Fallbrook, CA 92028
760-473-1253
January 24, 2013
Project: 1310-02 Miles TM GHG Study
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................................. II
LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................................................... Ill
LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................................................... 111
APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................................................. 111
LIST OF ACRONYMS .............................................................................................................................................. IV
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................... V
1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 PURPOSEOFTHISSTUDY .................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 PROJECT LOCATION ......................................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 PROJECT SETIING ............................................................................................................................................ 1
2.0 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTALSETIING ........................................................................................................... 4
2.1 UNDERSTANDING GREENHOUSE GASSES .............................................................................................................. 4
2.2 EXISTING SETIING .......................................................................................................................................... .4
2.3 CLIMATE AND METEOROLOGY .......................................................................................................................... .4
3.0 CLIMATE CHANGE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................... 6
3.1 AB 1493 (PAVLEY) STANDARDS ........................................................................................................................ 6
3.2 REGULATORY STANDARDS (AsSEMBLY BILL 32) .................................................................................................... 6
3.3 REGULATORY STANDARDS (SENATE BILL 97) ........................................................................................................ 7
3.4 AB 1493 (PAVLEY STANDARDS) ........................................................................................................................ 8
3.S ENERGY INDEPENDENCE AND SECURITY ACT OF 2007 ............................................................................................ 8
3.6 EXECUTIVE ORDER S-01-07 ............................................................................................................................. 8
3. 7 CALIFORNIA ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT (CEQA) SIGNIFICANCE THRESHOLDS ....................................................... 8
3.8 GREENHOUSE GAS THRESHOLDS OF SiGNIFICANCE ............................................................................................... 10
4.0 METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................................................................... 11
4.1 CONSTRUCTION C02E EMISSIONS CALCULATION METHODOLOGY ........................................................................... ll
4.2 OPERATIONAl VEHICULAR EMISSIONS CALCULATION METHODOlOGY ..................................................................... 12
4.3 ELECTRICITY USAGE CALCULATION METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................. 12
4.4 NATURAL GAS USAGE CALCULATION METHODOLOGY .......................................................................................... 13
4.S SOLID WASTE EMISSIONS CALCULATION METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... 13
4.6 WATER USE EMISSION CALCULATION METHODOLOGY ......................................................................................... 14
5.0 FINDINGS .................................................................................................................................................... 15
S.1 PROJECT RELATED CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS .................................................................................................... 15
5.2 PROJECT RELATED OPERATION VEHICULAR EMISSIONS ......................................................................................... 15
5.3 PROJECT RELATED ELECTRICITY UsE .................................................................................................................. 16
5.4 PROJECT RELATED NATURAL GAS USAGE ........................................................................................................... 16
5.5 PROJECT RELATED SOLID WASTE EMISSIONS GAS USAGE ..................................................................................... 17
5.6 PROJECT RELATED WATER USAGE .................................................................................................................... 17
5. 7 PROJECT CUMULATIVE TOTALS ........................................................................................................................ 18
6.0 CERTIFICATIONS .......................................................................................................................................... 19
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List of Figures
FIGURE 1-A: PROJECT VICINITY MAP ••••••••••.•.•••..•.•.•••••••••.•••••••.••••.•.•.•....•.•.....•........•....•.....•.•••.••.•.•••••••••••••••••••••••.• 2
FIGURE 1-B: PROJECT SITE PLAN •.•..•.•.....•.•.••.•.••..•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••• 3
List of Tables
TABLE 3.1: ADOPTED DISCRETIONARY MEASURES •....••••......•...•.•.••.•.•.•..•......••.••.•..•.•••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••..•..••••. 10
TABLE 4.1: EXPECTED CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT .•.•.•••••.•.••••••••••.•.••••••••.•..••••••••••.•...•••..•••••.•••••••••••••••••••••.•••••• ll
TABLE 4.2: AVERAGE WASTE BREAKDOWN AND EMISSION RATES ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..••.•.......••.••.••••••••••••• 14
TABLE 5.1: EXPECTED CONSTRUCTION EMISSIONS SUMMARY ..•........•..•..••.••.•....••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..••...•••••• 15
TABLE 5.2: TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS FACTORS (ELECTRICITY USAGE) .•..•...•.•...•.•.••••.••.••....•..•.•••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••• 16
TABLE 5.3: TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS FACTORS (NATURAL GAS USAGE) •....•.••....•..•.•..........••...•••••••..•••••••••••••••.••••••• 16
TABLE 5.4: TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS FACTORS (SOLID WASTE) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..•..•..•••••••••••••••••••••• 17
TABLE 5.5: TOTAL GHG EMISSIONS FACTORS (ELECTRICITY FROM WATER USAGE) .••.•••...•...•••.....•••••••••••••••••••••••• 18
TABLE 5.6: EXPECTED C02E EMISSIONS SUMMARY •••.••.•.•....•....••..•.••.•••••••..•.••••••••....••.........•.....•.••••••••••••••••••••••• 18
Appendix
URBEMIS 2007 .••••.•.••••••.•.•.•.•••••.•..•••••••.••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••.••.•..•..•.......•.•.••••••••••••••• 20
EMFAC20112020 INPUT/OUTPUT •••••••••••.•.•.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•..•.•••...•••••••••••••••••••••• 24
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UST OF ACRONYMS
Assembly Bill 32 (AB32)
Business as Usual (BAU)
California Air Pollution Control Officers Association's (CAPCOA)
California Air Resource Board (CARB)
California Climate Action Registry General Reporting Protocol Version 3.1
(CCARGRPV3.1)
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA)
Carbon Dioxide (C02)
Cubic Yards (CY)
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Green House Gas (GHG)
International Residential Code (IRC)
Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS)
Methane (CH4)
Nitrous Oxide (N20)
San Diego Air Basin (SDAB)
San Diego Air Pollution Control District (SDAPCD)
Senate Bill 97 (SB97)
Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT)
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This analysis has been completed in order to quantify Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions from
the project site and was prepared according to guidelines established within the California
Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 -Assembly Bill 32 (AB32), Senate Bill 97 (SB97), and
California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). Greenhouse Gasses analyzed in this study are
Carbon Dioxide (C02), Methane (CH4), and Nitrous Oxide (N20). To simplify greenhouse gas
calculations, both CH4 and N20 are converted to equivalent amounts of C02 and are identified
as C02e.
The project proposes the construction of a 17 unit residential development within a 5.4 acre
site. All phases (i.e. grading, paving and construction) of the proposed Project are anticipated
to start in May 2013 and could be completed by the end of the year.
The proposed project will emit GHGs directly through the burning of carbon-based fuels such as
gasoline and natural gas as well as indirectly through usage of electricity, water and from the
anaerobic bacterial breakdown of organic solid waste. The proposed project would only
generate approximately 411.19 Metric Tons of C02e each year under business as usual, which is
below the strictest screening thresholds under the California Air Pollution Control Officers
Association's (CAPCOA) recommendations of 900 Metric Ton per year. Given this no impacts or
remedial mitigation measures would be required.
Regulatory measures such as the AB 1493 Pavley rules and California's Low Carbon Fuel
Standards will further reduce these emissions as the programs develop further and would be
independent of the project applicant. Therefore, the project conforms to the goals of AB 32
and would not result in any direct or cumulative impacts.
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of this Study
The purpose of this Green House Gas Assessment (GHG) is to show conformance to the
California Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 -Assembly Bill 32 (AB32) and Senate Bill
97 (SB97). AB32 requires that by 2020 the state's greenhouse gas emissions be reduced to
1990 levels and SB97 a "companion" bill directed amendments to the California
Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) statute to specifically establish that GHG emissions and
their impacts are appropriate subjects for CEQA analysis. Should impacts be determined,
the intent of this study would be to recommend suitable design measures to bring the
project to a level considered less than significant.
1. 2 Project Location
The proposed project is located within the City of carlsbad, CA. More specifically, the
project site is located west of Pia Pica Drive, north of Las Flores Drive, east and adjacent to
Interstate 5 in the City of carlsbad CA. Access to the project site is from Pia Pica Drive via
Las Flores Drive. A general project vicinity map is shown in Figure 1-A on the following
page.
1.3 Project Setting
The proposed project consists of 17 single-family residences. The existing site conditions are
characterized as disturbed land that is currently utilized as a nursery. Residential uses exist
adjacent to the site to the north, south and east. Interstate 5 is located along the western
boundary of the site. A project site plan is shown in Figure 1-B on Page 3 of this report.
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Figure 1-A: Project Vicinity Map
''~:-J·P,~tt-:4 'comreun,..,.-P••• ~' ,.-1'
'f'~
~ ... ,,
~~m~ c,~~·~·,~;,
Source: Google Maps, 11/12
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Figure 1-B: Project Site Plan
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2.0 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
2.1 Understanding Greenhouse Gasses
Greenhouse gases such as water vapor and carbon dioxide are abundant in the earth's
atmosphere. These gases are called "Greenhouse Gases" because they absorb and emit
thermal infrared radiation which acts like an insulator to the planet. Without these gases,
the earth ambient temperature would either be extremely hot during the day or blistering
cold at night. However, because these gases can both absorb and emit heat, the earth's
temperature does not sway too far in either direction.
Over the years as human activities require the use of burning fossil fuels stored carbon is
released into the air in the form of C02 and to a much lesser extent CO. Additionally, over
the years scientist have measured this rise in carbon Dioxide and fear that it may be
heating the planet too. Additionally, it is thought that other greenhouse gases such as
Methane and Nitrous Oxide are to blame.
Greenhouse Gasses of concern as analyzed in this study are carbon Dioxide (C02), Methane
(CH4), and Nitrous Oxide (N20). To simply greenhouse gas calculations, both CH4 and N20
can be converted to an equivalent amount of C02 or C02e. C02e is calculated by multiplying
the calculated levels of CH4 and N20 by a Global Warming Potential (GWP). The U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency publishes GWPs for various GHGs and reports that the
GWP for CH4 and N20 is 21 and 310, respectively.
2.2 Existing Setting
The Project site lies within a mostly disturbed flat lot with agricultural uses. Land uses
surrounding the project site is residential. The average elevations over the site ranges from
between 85 to 100-feet above mean sea level.
2.3 Climate and Meteorology
Climate within the San Diego Air Basin (SDAB) area often varies dramatically over short
geographical distances with cooler temperatures on the western cost gradually warming to
the east as prevailing winds from the west heats up. Most of southern california is
dominated by high-pressure systems for much of the year, which keeps carlsbad mostly
sunny and warm. Typically, during the winter months, the high pressure system drops to
the south and brings cooler, moister weather from the north.
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It is common for inversion layers to develop within high-pressure areas, which mostly define
pressure patterns over the SDAB. These inversions are caused when a thin layer of the
atmosphere increases in temperature with height. An inversion acts like a lid preventing
vertical mixing of air through convective overturning.
Meteorological trends within the carlsbad area generally experience daytime highs ranging
between 660f in the winter to approximately 79°F in the summer with August usually being
the hottest month. Median temperatures range from approximately ssoF in the winter to
approximately 72°F in the summer. The average humidity is approximately 66% in the
winter and about 73% in the summer (Source: http://www.city-data.com/city/carlsbad-
california.html). carlsbad usually receives approximately 10.4-inches of rain per year with
February being the wettest month (Source: http://www.weather.com
/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/USCA0182).
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3.0 CLIMATE CHANGE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT
3.1 AB 1493 (Pavley) Standards
Assembly Bill 1493 was California's first bill which was approved by the Governor in 2002
and was designed to reduce greenhouse gases within the state of California. It required the
State Board do develop and adopt motor vehicle regulations to cost effectively reduce
greenhouse gasses by January 1, 2005 and start enforcing them a year later. Furthermore,
the state board shall develop and adopt regulations that achieve the maximum feasible and
cost-effective reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles.
3.2 Regulatory Standards (Assembly Bill 32)
The Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006 (AB 32), requires that by 2020 the State's
greenhouse gas emissions be reduced to 1990 levels or roughly a 28.3% reduction.
Significance thresholds have not been adopted but are currently being discussed. AB 32 is
specific as to when thresholds shall be defined. The pertinent Sections are referenced within
Part 4 of AB 32 Titled Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reductions are shown below:
Section 38560.5 (b) states:
On or before January 1, 2010, the state board shall adopt regulations to implement the
measures identified on the list published pursuant to subdivision (a).
Section 38562 states:
(A) On or before January 1, 2011, the state board shall adopt greenhouse gas emission
limits and emission reduction measures by regulation to achieve the maximum
technologically feasible and cost-effective reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in
furtherance of achieving the statewide greenhouse gas emissions limit, to become
operative beginning on January 1, 2012.
(B) In adopting regulations pursuant to this Section and Part 5 (commencing with Section
(38570}, to the extent feasible and in furtherance of achieving the statewide greenhouse
gas emissions limit, the state board shall do all of the following:
1. Design the regulations, including distribution of emissions allowances where appropriate,
in a manner that is equitable, seeks to minimize costs and maximize the total benefits to
california, and encourages early action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
2. Ensure that activities undertaken to comply with the regulations do not
disproportionately impact low-income communities.
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3. Ensure that entities that have voluntarily reduced their greenhouse gas emissions prior
to the implementation of this Section receive appropriate credit for early voluntary
reductions.
4. Ensure that activities undertaken pursuant to the regulations complement, and do not
interfere with, efforts to achieve and maintain federal and state ambient air quality
standards and to reduce toxic air contaminant emissions.
5. Consider cost-effectiveness of these regulations.
6. Consider overall societal benefits, including reductions in other air pollutants,
diversification of energy sources, and other benefits to the economy, environment, and
public health.
7. Minimize the administrative burden of implementing and complying with these
regulations.
8. Minimize leakage.
9. Consider the significance of the contribution of each source or category of sources to
statewide emissions of greenhouse gases.
(C) In furtherance of achieving the statewide greenhouse gas emissions limit, by January 1,
2011, the state board may adopt a regulation that establishes a system of market-based
declining annual aggregate emission limits for sources or categories of sources that emit
greenhouse gas emissions, applicable from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2020,
inclusive, that the state board determines will achieve the maximum technologically
feasible and cost-effective reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, in the aggregate,
from those sources or categories of sources.
(D) Any regulation adopted by the state board pursuant to this part or Part 5 (commencing
with Section 38570) shall ensure all of the following:
1. The greenhouse gas emission reductions achieved are rea~ permanent, quantifiable,
verifiable, and enforceable by the state board
2. For regulations pursuant to Part 5 (commencing with Section 38570), the reduction is in
addition to any greenhouse gas emission reduction otherwise required by law or
regulation, and any other greenhouse gas emission reduction that otherwise would
occur.
3. If applicable, the greenhouse gas emission reduction occurs over the same time period
and is equivalent in amount to any direct emission reduction required pursuant to this
division.
3.3 Regulatory Standards (Senate Bill 97)
SB 97 requires the Office of Planning and Research (OPR) to prepare and transmit to the
Resources Agency, guidelines and directed amendments to the CEQA statute specifically for
the mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions or the effects of greenhouse gas emissions.
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___________________________ __.
3.4 AB 1493 (Pavley Standards)
AB 1493 regulations are similar to CAFE Standards however are expected to produce a
Greenhouse Gas Benefit greater to that of the CAFE Standard and would be expected to
double the amount of GHGs saved under CAFE. The Pavley rules or also referred to as
california Standards are designed to regulate GHG emissions while the federal standards are
aimed at reducing the nation's fuel consumption.
Under Pavley starting with vehicles produced in 2009, manufactures have the flexibility in
meeting california standards through a combination of reducing tailpipe emissions of carbon
Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, Methane and hydrofluorocarbons from vehicle air conditions
systems. Furthermore, the california standards are estimated to increase fuel efficiency to
43 miles per gallon by 2020. The 2020 reductions are based on a more stringent emission
limit than the current California Standards, Called the Pavley 2 Rule, as set forth in the
california Climate Action Plan and committed to by the ARV in its Early Action Measures
under AB32.
3.5 Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007
The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (P.L. 110-140, H.R. 6) is an energy
policy law adopted by congress which consists mainly of provisions designed to increase
energy efficiency and the availability of renewable energy. The law will require automakers
to boost fleet wide gas mileage averages from the current 25 mpg to 35 mpg by 2020,
which will reduce energy needs by 28.5%. This fleet wide average is known as the
Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) standard.
3.6 Executive Order S-01-07
Executive Order 5-01-07 was signed by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger in January 2007
and is effectively known as the Low carbon Fuel Standard or LCFS. The executive order
seeks to reduce the carbon intensity of california's passenger vehicle fuels by at least 10%
by 2020. The LCFS will require fuel providers in california to ensure that the mix of fuel
they sell into the California market meet, on average, a declining standard for GHG
emissions measured in C02e grams per unit of fuel energy sold.
3.7 california Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) Significance Thresholds
As directed by SB 97, the Natural Resources Agency adopted Amendments to Title 14
Division 6 Chapter 3 CEQA Guidelines for greenhouse gas emissions on December 30, 2009.
On February 16, 2010, the Office of Administrative Law approved the Amendments, and
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filed them with the Secretary of State for inclusion in the california Code of Regulations. The
amendments became effective on March 18, 2010. The pertinent Sections are shown below:
Section 15064.4 -Determining the Significance of Impacts from Greenhouse Gas
(A) The determination of the significance of greenhouse gas emissions calls for a careful
judgment by the lead agency consistent with the provisions in Section 15064. A lead
agency should make a good-faith effort, based to the extent possible on scientific and
factual data, to describe, calculate or estimate the amount of greenhouse gas
emissions resulting from a project A lead agency shall have discretion to determine, in
the context of a particular project, whether to:
1. Use a model or methodology to quantify greenhouse gas emissions resulting from a
project, and which model or methodology to use. The lead agency has discretion to
select the model or methodology it considers most appropriate provided it supports its
decision with substantial evidence. The lead agency should explain the limitations of
the particular model or methodology selected for use; and/or
2. Rely on a qualitative analysis or performance-based standards.
(B) A lead agency should consider the following factors, among others, when assessing the
significance of impacts from greenhouse gas emissions on the environment:
1. The extent to which the project may increase or reduce greenhouse gas emissions as
compared to the existing environmental setting;
2. Whether the project emissions exceed a threshold of significance that the lead agency
determines applies to the project.
3. The extent to which the project complies with regulations or requirements adopted to
implement a statewide, regional, or local plan for the reduction or mitigation of
greenhouse gas emissions. Such requirements must be adopted by the relevant public
agency through a public review process and must reduce or mitigate the project's
incremental contribution of greenhouse gas emissions. If there is substantial evidence
that the possible effects of a particular project are still cumulatively considerable
notwithstanding compliance with the adopted regulations or requirements, an EIR
must be prepared for the project.
General Questions recommended within the environmental checklist are:
(a) Will the project generate greenhouse gas emissions, either directly or indirectly, that
may have a significant impact on the environment?
(b) Will the project conflict with an applicable plan, policy or regulation adopted for the
purpose of reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases?
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3.8 Greenhouse Gas Thresholds of Significance
As directed by SB 97, the Natural Resources Agency adopted Amendments to Title 14
Division 6 Chapter 3 CEQA Guidelines for greenhouse gas emissions on December 30, 2009.
On February 16, 2010, the Office of Administrative Law approved the Amendments, and
filed them with the Secretary of State for inclusion in the california Code of Regulations. The
amendments became effective on March 18, 2010. The pertinent Sections are shown below
in Table 3.1.
Table 3.1: Adopted Discretionary Measures
Row# Scoping Plan Measure Measure# Page#
1 Ship Electrification at Ports T-5 C-66
2 Limit High GWP Use in Consumer Products H-4 C-179
3 Heavy-Duty Vehicle GHG Emission Reduction T-7 C-73
Motor Vehicle Air Conditioning Systems:
4 Reduction of Refrigerant Emissions from Non-H-1 C-175
Professional Servicing
5 SF6 Limits in Non-Utility and Non-Semiconductor H-2 C-176 Applications
6 Reduction of Perfluorocarbons in Semiconductor H-3 C-177 Manufacturing
7 lire Pressure Program T-4 C-63
8 Low carbon Fuel Standard T-2 C-64
9 Landfill Methane Control Measure RW-1 C-160
Additionally, as stated in Section 38562-A of AB 32, the state board adopted greenhouse
gas emission limits and emission reduction measures on January 1, 2011 and began
enforcing them on January 1, 2012. Currently, greenhouse gas emission limits for
residential project such as the proposed project have not been adopted, however, Section
38562-B-3 encourages projects producing large quantities of GHGs to voluntarily identify
greenhouse gas reductions and receive appropriate credit for early voluntary reductions.
The california Air Pollution Control Officers Association (CAPCOA) published a white paper,
which suggested a screening criterion of 900 metric tons per year of GHGs and require all
projects producing more than 900 metric tons per year of GHGs produce an inventory of
project gases and demonstrate reasonable mitigation measures necessary to reduce GHG's
by 28.3% from business as usual (BAU).
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4.0 METHODOLOGY
4.1 Construction C02e Emissions calculation Methodology
The Project Engineer expects Grading to be completed in approximately one month, Paving
complete in roughly two weeks and Building Construction complete in just less than six
months. The proposed project would require approximately 9,910 Cubic Yards CY of
earthwork and would be balanced. Build out of the Project is expected to be late 2013.
Table 4.1 shows the expected timeframes for the construction and project infrastructure
and facilities.
Table 4.1: Expected Construction Equipment
Equipment Identification Proposed Dates Quantity
Fine Site Grading and Trenching 5/1/2013-6/1/2013
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 2
Excavators 1
Graders 1
Rubber Tired Dozers 1
Water Trucks 1
Paving 6/2/2013-6/16/2013
Cement and Mortar Mixers 4
Pavers 1
Paving Equipment 1
Rollers 1
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1
Building Construction 6/17/2013-12/30/2013
Welders 3
Forklifts 2
Cranes 1
Generator Sets 1
Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes 1
Architectural Coating 11/1/2013-12/30/2013
This equipment list is based upon equipment inventory within URBEMIS2007. The quantity and types are based upon
assumptions from Projects of similar size and scope in the County of San Diego and Vista.
GHG impacts related to construction will be calculated using the latest URBEMIS2007 air
quality model, which was developed by the california Air Resource Board (CARB).
URBEMIS2007 has been approved by the San Diego Air Pollution Control District (SDAPCD)
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and the City for construction emission calculations. URBEMIS incorporates emission factors
from the EMFAC2007 model for on-road vehicle emissions and the OFFROAD2007 model for
off-road vehicle emissions. Because C02 emissions from construction only occur at the
beginning of a project, emissions will be averaged over a 30-year period. This
recommendation was based on recommendations from South Coast Air Quality Management
District in 2008 and has been followed within the County of San Diego and Cities within the
County.
4.2 Operational Vehicular Emissions Calculation Methodology
Operational Emissions from daily trips will be quantified utilizing emission levels reported in
grams/mile from the EMFAC2011 emission model for the year 2020. These estimates will
then be tabulated to show the yearly emission levels generated by the project. Utilizing the
347 day correction factor recommended by CARB to account for lower vehicle emissions
over weekends from reduced daily trips. All emission levels will then be multiplied by the
daily mileage and then converted to metric tons for typical reporting consistency. Equation
1 below was utilized to determine GHG levels in Metric tons:
( g ) Metric ton GHG(Metric Tons)= Emission Factor -.l-x Annual Mileage x .000001( ) mz e g
4.3 Electricity Usage Calculation Methodology
Utilizing methodologies within the California Climate Action Registry General Reporting
Protocol Version 3.1-January 2009 (CCARGRPV3.1) C02t CH4, and N20 from electricity use
can be calculated utilizing equations III.6b which is shown below:
Equation III.6b (GHG = C02, or CH4, or N20)
Electricity Use (kWh) x Electricity Emission Factor ebz:,~G)
GHG(Metric Tons)= · lb
2 204 .s ' metrzc ton
The electricity emission factors are published within Table C.2 within the CCARGRPV3.1
document and are broken out into sub region. The proposed project is located within
California and for C02, CH4, and N20 the Electricity Emission Factors are 0.72412,
0.0000302 and 0.0000081, respectively.
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Ldn Consulting, Inc. 1/24/13 1310-02 Miles TM GHG Study
4.4 Natural Gas Usage calculation Methodology
C02e generated from stationary combustion such as water heaters, stoves, and clothing
dryers can be calculated for C02, CH4, and N20 utilizing equations III.Bb within the
CCARGRPV3.1 document as shown below:
Equation III.Bb (GHG= C02, or CH4, or N20)
Natrual Gas Emission Factor ("Jt%~G) x Fuel Consumed (MMBTu)
GHG(Metric Tons)= k;
l,OOO metric ton
The natural gas emission factors are published within Table C.7 and C.B within the
CCARGRPV3.1 natural gas emission factors for C021 CH4, and N20 are 53.06, 0.005 and
0.0001, respectively. These natural gas emission factors are inserted into equation III.BB
and were published by CCARGRPV3.1. Natural Gas generation rates per residential dwelling
unit were obtained from the 2009 california Residential Appliance Saturation Study (2010)
which was prepared for the california Energy Commission (CEC).
4.5 Solid Waste Emissions calculation Methodology
Solid waste generated from the proposed project will ultimately be discarded as trash and
then deposited into a landfill. The decomposition of organic matter such as food, paper,
yard trimmings and wood are anaerobicly digested by bacteria which primarily produces
GHG's as a bi-product. However, organic decomposition occurs at different rates and is a
function of the material content. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published
various emission rates with units of Metric Tons of carbon Dioxide Equivalent per Ton
(Source: Solid Waste management and Greenhouse Gases; A Life-Cycle Assessment of
Emissions and Sinks).
Average waste generation mixes vary between land use however, California's Department of
Resources Recycling and Recovery (caiRecycle) estimates that the average waste
generation for single-family could be up to 2.04 tons/unit/year (Source:
http: 1 /www.calrecycle.ca .gov /wastechar/WasteGenRates/Residential. htm) and generally
consist of paper plastic and other organics. Table 4.2 on the following page identifies the
typical mix ratio of waste by land use (Source: California 2008 Statewide Waste
Characterization Study -cascadia Consulting Group, 2009). The best way to reduce these
generation rates is to promote recycling.
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Ldn Consulting, Inc. 1/24/13 1310-02 Miles TM GHG Study
Table 4.2: Average Waste Breakdown and Emission Rates
Waste Type Residential Waste Landfill Emission Factors
Breakdown (MTC02e per Ton)
Special Waste 1.5% 0.42
Mixed Residue 2.5% 0.04
Paper 19.6% 0.35
Glass 2.4% 0.04
Metal 4.0% 0.04
Electronics 0.7% 0.04
Plastic 9.2% 0.04
Other Organics 48.6% 0.24
Inert and Other 11.2% 0.04
Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) 0.3% 0.40
4.6 Water Use Emission calculation Methodology
Water used from the proposed project will indirectly utilize energy for preparation and
conveyance of clean water to the project site. It is estimated that indirect electricity for
water conveyance requires 12,700 kWh/Million Gallons (MG) (Source:
http:/ /www.greenbuildingadvisor.com/book /export/html/18037). GHG emissions are then
calculated using Equation 111.6b as shown in Section 4.3. Water demand per capita is 119
gallons per day for california (Source: Estimated Use of Water in the United States in 2005,
USGS). Given that the US census estimates that there are approximately 2.58 individuals
per household (Source: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/OOOOO.html) it is estimated
that each unit would require 307 gallons per day or 1,904,935 gallons per year.
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Ldn Consulting, Inc. 1/24/13 1310-02 Miles TM GHG Study
5.0 FINDINGS
5.1 Project Related Construction Emissions
Utilizing the URBEMIS 2007 inputs for the model as shown in Table 4.1 above, we find that
grading and construction of the project will produce approximately 175.57 tons over the
construction life of the project. The URBEMIS model outputs are provided as Attachment
A to this report. Given the fact that the total emissions will ultimately contribute to 2020
cumulative levels, it is acceptable to average the total construction emission over a 30 year
period (Source: SCAQMD 2008). A summary of the construction emissions is shown in
Table 5.1 below.
Table 5.1: Expected Construction Emissions Summary
Year C02
Construction Total (2014-2015) 175.57
Yearly Average (2020)* 5.85 tons/year over 30 years
Yearly Average Metric Tons (2020)* 5.31 Metric Tons/year over 30 years
Expected Construction emissions are based upon URBEMIS modeling assumptions identified in Chapter 4 of this report.
*Total Construction related C02 averaged over a 30-year span.
Data is presented in decimal format and may have rounding errors.
5.2 Project Related Operation Vehicular Emissions
Operational emissions will be calculated utilizing a total of 17 single-family units. The
estimated one-way average trip length for home-work trips is 16.8 miles, home-shop trips is
7.1 miles, home-other trips is 7.9 miles. The percentages estimated in the modeling assume
32.9% home-work, 18.0% home-shop, and 49.1% home-other (URBEMIS 2007).
Combined it is expected that each trip could be 10.68 miles on average.
According to the project traffic study, the project would create approximately 170 daily trips
and with an average trip distance of 10.68 miles, the project would be expected to add
1815.6 Vehicle Miles Traveled per day or 662,694 miles per year (based on 347 days to
correct for weekend driving-CARB 2008 In order to obtain a realistic approximation of the
BAU baseline emissions, LDN Consulting ran the EMFAC 2011 model for 2020 which could
be assumed to be BAU and is shown Attachment Bat the end of this report. Utilizing both
emission levels from the EMFAC2011 model and Equation 1 from Section 4.2 of this report
the BAU GHG emission levels was calculated and found to be 310.08 MTC02E.
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Ldn Consulting, Inc. 1/24/13 1310-02 Miles TM GHG Study
5.3 Project Related Electricity Use
Based upon the 2009 California Statewide Residential Appliance Saturation Study (2010)
prepared for the CEC the average electricity usage for a dwelling unit per year is 7,605
KWh. Therefore, the 17-dwelling units would be expected to use 129,285 KWh. The
equivalent C02 emissions are calculated in Table 5.2 below.
Table 5.2: Total GHG Emissions Factors (Electricity Usage)
Emission Factor Energy eGRID Subregion Conversion Total C02e GHG WECC California Usage (lbs/metric ton) (Metric Tons) GWP (Metric Tons)
(lbs/KWh) (KWh)
C02 0.72412 129,285 2,204.62 42.46439 1 42.46439
CH4 0.000030 129,285 2,204.62 0.00177 21 0.03719
N20 0.0000081 129,285 2,204.62 0.00048 310 0.14725
Total 42.64884
Note: Data is presented in decimal format and may have rounding errors.
5.4 Project Related Natural Gas Usage
Based upon the 2009 California Statewide Residential Appliance Saturation Study (2010)
prepared for the CEC the average natural gas usage for a single-family residential unit
would be 421 Therms or 3,508.33 CF/Unit/Month. Given this the project would require
715,700 CF per ear. Additionally, because 1MMBtu is equivalent to 1,000 Cubic Feet of gas
the project would consume 715.7 MMBtu of natural gas per year. The equivalent C02
emissions are expected to be 38.07 Metric Tons per year as calculated in Table 5.3 below.
Table 5.3: Total GHG Emissions Factors (Natural Gas Usage)
Emission Factor Natural Conversion Total C02e GHG Gas Usage metric GWP (kg/MMBtu) (MMBtu) (ton/kg) (Metric Tons) (Metric Tons)
C02 53.060 715.7 0.001 37.9750 1 37.98
CH4 0.0050 715.7 0.001 0.0036 21 0.08
N20 0.00010 715.7 0.001 0.0001 310 0.02
Total 38.07
Note: Data is presented in decimal format and may have rounding errors.
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Ldn Consulting, Inc. 1/24/13 1310-02 Miles TM GHG Study
5.5 Project Related Solid Waste Emissions Gas Usage
Based upon methods discussed in Section 4.7 of this report, LDN Consulting multiplied 17
units by the single-family waste generation rate of 2.04 tons/unit/year as reported by
california's Department of Resources Recycling and Recovery (caiRecycle), which yields
34.68 tons of trash each year and would typically consist of paper, plastics and other types
·of waste (see actual percentages of waste breakdown in Table 4.2 above). Utilizing the
EPA's waste breakdown emission factors per trash type and multiplying those factors with
the projected waste generation yields estimates for equivalent C02 of 7.10 metric tons for
the 17-unit project, see Table 5.4 below.
Table 5.4: Total GHG Emissions Factors (Solid Waste)
Residential Landfill Emission Residential Residential MTC02e
after breakdown Waste Type Waste Factors Waste each year Breakdown {MTC02e per Ton) (Tons) (Metric Tons)
Special Waste 1.5% 0.42 0.52 0.22
Mixed Residue 2.5% 0.04 0.87 0.03
Paper 19.6% 0.35 6.80 2.38
Glass 2.4% 0.04 0.83 0.03
Metal 4.0% 0.04 1.39 0.06
Electronics 0.7% 0.04 0.24 0.01
Plastic 9.2% 0.04 3.19 0.13
Other Organics 48.6% 0.24 16.85 4.05
Inert and Other 11.2% 0.04 3.88 0.16
HHW 0.3% 0.40 0.10 0.04
Total C02E 34.68 7.10
Note: Data is presented in decimal format and may have rounding errors.
5.6 Project Related Water Usage
Based on methods identified within Section 4.6, the 17-Unit project would most likely
require 1,904,935 gallons per year and would produce and 24,192.67 kWh per year or 1.90
million gallons X 12,700 kWh/MG or 7.98 metric tons of C02e per year as shown in Table
5.5 below.
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Ldn Consulting, Inc. 1/24/13 1310-02 Miles TM GHG Study
Table 5.5: Total GHG Emissions Factors (Electricity from Water Usage)
Emission Factor Energy eGRID Subregion Conversion Total C02e GHG WECC California Usage (lbs/metric ton} (Metric Tons} GWP (Metric Tons}
(lbs/KWh} (KWh}
C02 0.72412 24,192.67 2,204.62 7.94622 1 7.946
CH4 0.000030 24,192.67 2,204.62 0.00033 21 0.007
N20 0.0000081 24,192.67 2,204.62 0.00009 310 0.028
Total 7.981
Note: Data is presented in decimal format and may have rounding errors.
5.7 Project Cumulative Totals
Cumulatively, the project will emit approximately 411.19 Metric Tons of C02e each year
which is below the Screening threshold of 900 Metric Tons per year. Based on these
findings, no mitigation or project related reduction features are necessary. A summary of
the totals is shown in Table 5.6 below.
J Table 5.6: Expected CO~ Emissions Summary
C02e Generator C02e (Metric Tons}
Construction 5.31
Vehicular Usage 310.08
Electricity Usage 42.65
Natural Gas Usage 38.07
Solid Waste Emissions 7.10
Water Usage Emissions 7.98
Project Totals (Business as Usual) 411.19
Data is presented in decimal format and may have rounding errors.
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Ldn Consulting, Inc. 1/24/13 1310-02 Miles TM GHG Study
i
I
6.0 CERTIFICATIONS
The contents of this report represent an accurate depiction of the projected C02e emissions
from the proposed Miles TM residential development project at the time of preparation. This
report was prepared utilizing the latest emission rates, the best available· information and
reduction methodologies.
DRAFT
Jeremy Louden, Principal
Ldn Consulting, Inc.
(760) 473-1253
jlouden@ldnconsulting.net
Ldn Consulting, Inc. 1/24/13
Date January 24. 2013
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1310-02 Miles TM GHG Study
ATTACHMENT A
URBEMIS 2007
Page: 1
1/20/201310:00:19 PM
Urbemis 2007 Version 9.2.4
Combined Annual Emissions Reports (TonsNear)
File Name: C:\Users\SLAPTOP\Google Drive\CT 12-01 Miles\CT 12-01 Miles Pacific.urb924
Project Name: Miles CT 12-01 17 Lot Residential
Project Location: California State-wide
On-Road Vehicle Emissions Based on: Version : Emfac2007 V2.3 Nov 1 2006
Off-Road Vehicle Emissions Based on: OFFROAD2007
Summary Report:
CONSTRUCTION EMISSION ESTIMATES
~ PM10 Dust PM10 Exhaust
2013 TOTALS (tons/year unmitigated) 0.57 1.39
AREA SOURCE EMISSION ESTIMATES
TOTALS (tons/year, unmitigated) 0.25
OPERATIONAL (VEHICLE) EMISSION ESTIMATES
TOTALS (tons/year, unmitigated) 0.14
SUM OF AREA SOURCE AND OPERATIONAL EMISSION ESTIMATES
TOTALS (tons/year, unmitigated)
Construction Unmitigated Detail Report:
Blli2
0.39
1.10
~
0.04
.tiQ.K
0.20
.tiQ.K
0.24
0.00
0.58
1.66
2.24
0.31
0.00
0.00
~
0.00
0.09
.P.M1Q
0.08
PM10
0.32
0.40
.PM1.Q PM2.5 Dust
0.40
0.08
E.Mb..S
0.06
0.14
0.07
48.83
181.00
229.83
E.M.2..Q
Elilla1W
0.08 0.15 175.57
Page:2
1/20/201310:00:19 PM
CONSTRUCTION EMISSION ESTIMATES Annual Tons Per Year, Unmitigated
~ NOx .00 ~ PM1Q D!.!!it PM1Q Exbi!Y~t eMjJ2 EM2l2 D!.!!it PM2.~ E~b!!Y~I .E.M.2..l2 .em.
2013 0.57 1.39 1.10 0.00 0.31 0.09 0.40 0.07 0.08 0.15 175.57
Fine Grading 05/01/2013-0.04 0.32 0.20 0.00 0.31 0.02 0.33 0.06 0.02 0.08 37.19 06/01/2013
Fine Grading Dust 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.31 0.00 0.31 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.00
Fine Grading Off Road Diesel 0.04 0.32 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 35.43
Fine Grading On Road Diesel 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Fine Grading Worker Trips 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.76
Asphalt 06/02/2013-06/16/2013 0.01 0.07 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 8.12
Paving Off-Gas 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Paving Off Road Diesel 0.01 0.07 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 6.36
Paving On Road Diesel 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.73
Paving Worker Trips 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.02
Building 06/17/2013-12/30/2013 0.21 1.00 0.84 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.06 0.06 129.89
Building Off Road Diesel 0.20 0.98 0.72 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.07 0.00 0.06 0.06 114.29
Building Vendor Trips 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.13
Building Worker Trips 0.00 0.01 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 12.46
Coating 11/01/2013-12130/2013 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37
Architectural Coating 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Coating Worker Trips 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.37
Phi!!!~ ~li!.!!!ll21iQnl}
Phase: Fine Grading 5/1/2013-6/1/2013-Fine Site Grading and Trenching for Utilities
Total Acres Disturbed: 5.4
Page:3
1/20/201310:00:19 PM
Maximum Daily Acreage Disturbed: 1.35
Fugitive Dust Level of Detail: Default
20 lbs per acre-day
On Road Truck Travel (VMT): 0
Off-Road Equipment:
1 Excavators (168 hp) operating at a 0.57 load factor for 8 hours per day
1 Graders (174 hp) operating at a 0.61 load factor for 6 hours per day
1 Rubber Tired Dozers (357 hp) operating at a 0.591oad factor for 6 hours per day
2 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes (108 hp) operating at a 0.551oad factor for 7 hours per day
1 Water Trucks (189 hp) operating at a 0.5 load factor for 8 hours per day
Phase: Paving 6/2/2013-6/16/2013-Paving
Acres to be Paved: 1.35
Off-Road Equipment:
4 Cement·and Mortar Mixers (10 hp) operating at a 0.561oad factor for 6 hours per day
1 Pavers (100 hp) operating at a 0.62 load factor for 7 hours per day
1 Paving Equipment (104 hp) operating at a 0.531oad factor for 8 hours per day
1 Rollers (95 hp) operating at a 0.56 load factor for 7 hours per day
1 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes (108 hp) operating at a 0.551oad factor for 7 hours per day
Phase: Building Construction 6/17/2013-12/30/2013-Building Construction
Off-Road Equipment:
1 Cranes (399 hp) operating at a 0.43 load factor for 6 hours per day
2 Forklifts (145 hp) operating at a 0.3 load factor for 6 hours per day
1 Generator Sets (49 hp) operating at a 0.741oad factor for 8 hours per day
1 Tractors/Loaders/Backhoes (1 08 hp) operating at a 0.55 load factor for 8 hours per day
3 Welders (45 hp) operating at a 0.45 load factor for 8 hours per day
Phase: Architectural Coating 11/1/2013-12/30/2013-Architectural Coating
Rule: Residential Interior Coatings begins 1/1/2005 ends 12/31/2040 specifies a VOC of 250
ATTACHMENT B
EMFAC2011 2020 input/output
Emfac2011 -2020 Title Year 2020
version Emfac2011-LDV v2.50.57.246
Run Date 2012/12/04 16:59:02
seen Year: 2020 --All model years in the range 1976 to 2020 selected
season Annual
Area : san Diego
************************************************************************************
*****
Year: 2020 --Model Years 1976 to 2020 Inclusive --Annual
Emfac2011-LDV Emission Factors: v2.50.57.246
san Diego Basin Average Average Basin
Table 1: Running Exhaust Emissions (grams/mile)
Pollutant Name: Methane Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity: 60%
Speed
MPH LOA LOT MDT HOT UBUS MCY ALL
30 0.010 0.014 0.019 0.026 0.024 0.185 0.014
35 0.009 0.012 0.017 0.023 0.021 0.182 0.013
Pollutant Name: carbon Monoxide Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
60%
Speed
MPH LOA LOT MDT HOT UBUS MCY ALL
30 0.938 1. 255 1.640 3.172 2.214 15.959 1.270
35 0.867 1.159 1. 506 2.780 1.901 16.344 1.181
Pollutant
60%
Name: oxides of Nitrogen Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
Speed
MPH LOA LOT MDT HOT UBUS MCY ALL
30 0.098 0.128 0.440 1.216 9.197 1.117 0.201
35 0.093 0.122 0.432 1.226 9.052 1.132 0.195
Pollutant Name: carbon Dioxide Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
60%
Speed
MPH LOA LOT MDT HOT UBUS MCY ALL
30 330.542 431.625 568.750 612.545 2171.804 142.794 405.307
35 300.938 392.849 518.988 542.826 2159.834 137.943 369.526
Pollutant Name: sulfur Dioxide Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
60% Page 1
Emfac2011 -2020
speed
MPH LOA LOT MDT HOT UBUS MCY ALL
30 0.003 0.004 0.006 0.006 0.021 0.002 0.004
35 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.021 0.002 0.004
Pollutant Name: PM10 Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
60%
speed
MPH LOA LOT MDT HOT UBUS MCY ALL
30 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.010 0.157 0.000 0.003
35 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.009 0.135 0.000 0.002
Pollutant Name: PM10 -Tire wear Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
60%
Speed
MPH LOA LOT MDT HOT UBUS MCY ALL
30 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008
35 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008 0.008
Pollutant Name: PM10 -Brake wear Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
60%
speed
MPH LOA LOT MDT HOT UBUS MCY ALL
30 0.037 0.037 0.041 0.043 0.705 0.037 0.039
35 0.037 0.037 0.041 0.043 0.705 0.037 0.039
Pollutant Name: Gasoline -mi/gal Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
60%
speed
MPH LOA LOT MDT HOT UBUS MCY ALL
30 2 5. 315 19.491 14.591 14.670 14.594 48.244 21.997
35 27.814 21.415 16.135 16.749 16.665 49.486 24.165
Pollutant Name: Diesel -mi/gal Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
60%
speed
MPH LOA LOT MDT HOT UBUS MCY ALL
30 35.289 34.834 19.486 8.437 4.032 0.000 19.802
35 35.567 35.097 19.488 8.882 4.032 0.000 19.848
Page 2
Emfac2011 -2020
Title Year 2020 version Emfac2011-LDV V2.50.57.246 Run Date : 2012/12/04 16:59:02 seen Year: 2020 --All model years in the range 1976 to 2020 selected
season Annual Area : san Diego ************************************************************************************ *****
Year: 2020 --Model Years 1976 to 2020 Inclusive --Annual
Emfac2011-LDV Emission Factors: v2.50.57.246
san Diego Basin Average Basin Average
Table 2: starting Emissions (grams/trip)
Pollutant Name: Methane Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
ALL
Time
min LOA LOT MDT HOT UBUS MCY ALL
5 0.001 0.001 0.004 0.019 0.005 0.067 0.002
10 0.002 0.002 0.007 0.036 0.009 0.076 0.004 20 0.004 0.005 0.013 0.068 0.017 0.095 0.008
30 0.006 0.007 0.019 0.095 0.025 0.114 0.011 40 0.008 0.009 0.024 0.119 0.031 0.133 0.014 50 0.009 0.011 0.029 0.140 0.037 0.151 0.016 60 0.011 0.012 0.033 0.157 0.041 0.164 0.018 120 0.015 0.017 0.044 0.144 0.038 0.159 0.024 180 0.011 0.014 0.039 0.153 0.040 0.149 0.020
240 0.012 0.014 0.041 0.161 0.043 0.159 0.021
300 0.013 0.015 0.043 0.169 0.045 0.169 0.023 360 0.013 0.016 0.046 0.177 0.047 0.178 0.024 420 0.014 0.017 0.048 0.185 0.049 0.188 0.025
480 0.014 0.018 0.050 0.193 0.051 0.197 0.026 540 0.015 0.018 0.052 0.200 0.053 0.206 0.027
600 0.016 0.019 0.055 0.207 0.055 0.215 0.028 660 0.016 0.020 0.057 0.213 0.056 0.224 0.029 720 0.017 0.021 0.059 0.220 0.058 0.233 0.030
Pollutant Name: carbon Monoxide Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
ALL
Time
min LOA LOT MDT HOT UBUS MCY ALL
5 0.256 0.330 0. 777 5.995 0.932 3.691 0.468
10 0.503 0.648 1. 503 11.577 1.826 4.496 0.889 20 0.973 1. 257 2.887 22.033 3. 501 6.037 1.690
30 1.412 1.827 4.177 31.546 5.024 7.483 2.436
40 1.820 2.359 5.376 40.116 6.396 8.835 3.126
50 2.196 2.853 6.482 47.743 7.616 10.093 3.762
60 2.540 3.308 7.495 54.427 8.685 11.257 4.342
120 3.707 4.749 9.623 44.661 7.138 14.919 5.703
Page 3
Emfac2011 -2020
180 2.601 3.465 7.532 46.032 7.347 11.757 4. 348
240 2. 775 3. 713 8.040 47.439 7.562 13.009 4.632
300 2.932 3.937 8.500 48.882 7.785 14.151 4.891
360 3.072 4.134 8.911 50.360 8.014 15.183 5.123
420 3.196 4. 307 9.274 51.873 8.250 16.106 5.330
480 3.303 4.453 9. 588 53.423 8.493 16.918 5.510
540 3.394 4. 574 9.853 55.007 8.743 17.620 5.665
600 3.468 4.670 10.069 56.628 9.000 18.213 5.793
660 3.526 4.740 10.236 58.284 9.264 18.695 5.896
720 3.567 4.785 10.355 59.975 9.534 19.068 5.972
Pollutant Name: oxides of Nitrogen Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
ALL
Time
min LOA LOT MDT HOT usus MCY ALL
5 0.079 0.149 0. 550 1.013 0. 310 0.176 0.206
10 0.087 0.161 0.612 1. 525 0.467 0.216 0.232
20 0.101 0.183 0.722 2.425 0.743 0.285 0.277
30 0.113 0.202 0.814 3.158 0.967 0.343 0.315
40 0.122 0.217 0.888 3. 724 1.141 0.389 0.345
50 0.129 0.228 0.944 4.124 1.264 0.423 0.367
60 0.134 0.237 0.981 4.358 1. 335 0.445 0.382
120 0.143 0.255 1.046 4.423 1. 355 0.451 0.406
180 0.149 0.264 1.059 4.407 1. 350 0.447 0.413
240 0.148 0.262 1.051 4.382 1. 342 0.440 0.410
300 0.146 0.259 1.039 4. 348 1. 332 0.430 0.406
360 0.144 0.255 1.023 4. 306 1. 319 0.418 0.400
420 0.141 0.249 1.003 4.255 1. 304 0.404 0.392
480 0.137 0.243 0.979 4.196 1.286 0.388 0.383
540 0.133 0.235 0.950 4.128 1. 265 0.370 0. 372
600 0.128 0.226 0.917 4.052 1.242 0.349 0.359
660 0.123 0.216 0.880 3.966 1.216 0.327 0.345
720 0.117 0.205 0.838 3.873 1.187 0.303 0.329
Pollutant Name: carbon Dioxide Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
ALL
Time
min LOA LOT MDT HOT usus MCY ALL
5 12.475 16.062 18.469 9.875 1.621 15.524 14.660
10 14.068 18.215 21.517 19.356 3.234 17.803 16.783
20 17.761 23.165 28.313 38.158 6.431 22.270 21.601
30 22.128 28.976 36.043 56.748 9.593 26.617 27.181
40 27.171 35.647 44.709 75.125 12.719 30.843 33.523
50 32.887 43.179 54.309 93.289 15.809 34.949 40.628
60 39.279 51.572 64.844 111.241 18.863 38.934 48.494
120 90.963 118.618 144.362 188.963 32.083 56.942 109.944
180 103.313 134.831 164.663 223.077 37.904 60.748 125.093
240 115.629 150.975 184.746 255.178 43.381 64.331 140.140
300 127.910 167.050 204.612 285.265 48.515 67.691 155.084
360 140.156 183.056 224.259 313.340 53.305 70.828 169.926
420 152.367 198.992 243.688 339.400 57.751 73.742 184.665
480 164.543 214.860 262.899 363.447 61.854 76.433 199.302
540 176.684 230.658 281.892 385.481 65.613 78.901 213.837
600 188.791 246.388 300.666 405. 501 69.029 81.146 228.269
660 200.862 262.048 319.223 423.508 72.102 83.169 242.598
Page 4
Emfac2011 -2020
720 212.899 277.639 337.562 439.501 74.830 84.968 256.825
Pollutant Name: sulfur Dioxide Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
ALL
Time
min LOA LDT MDT HOT UBUS MCY ALL
5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
10 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
20 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000
30 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000
40 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000
50 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.001 0.000
60 0.000 0.001 ·0.001 0.002 0.000 0.001 0.001
120 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.000 0.001 0.001
180 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001
240 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.002
300 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.002
360 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.002
420 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.002
480 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.002
540 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.002
600 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.002
660 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.001 0.001 0.003
720 0.002 0.003 0.004 0.006 0.001 0.001 0.003
Pollutant Name: PM10 Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
ALL
Time
min LOA LOT MDT HOT UBUS MCY ALL
5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
10 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000
20 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001
30 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.001
40 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.001
50 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.001
60 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.002
120 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.000 0.001 0.003
180 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.000 0.001 0.003
240 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.000 0.001 0.003
300 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.000 0.001 0.003
360 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.000 0.001 0.003
420 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.000 0.001 0.004
480 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.000 0.001 0.004
540 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.000 0.001 0.004
600 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.000 0.001 0.004
660 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.000 0.001 0.004
720 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.000 0.001 0.004
Title Year 2020
Page 5
Emfac2011 -2020
version Emfac2011-LDV V2.50.57.246 Run Date 2012/12/04 16:59:02
seen Year: 2020 --All model years in the range 1976 to 2020 selected
season Annual
Area : san Diego
************************************************************************************
***** Year: 2020 --Model Years 1976 to 2020 Inclusive --Annual
Emfac2011-LDV Emission Factors: v2.50.57.246
san Diego Basin Average
Average
Table 4: Hot soak Emissions (grams/trip)
Basin
Pollutant Name: Methane Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
All
Time
min LOA LOT MDT HOT UBUS MCY All
5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
10 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
20 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
30 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
40 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Hot soak results are scaled to reflect zero emissions for trip lengths of less than
5 minutes (about 25% of in-use trips).
Title Year 2020
Version Emfac2011-LDV V2.50.57.246
Run Date 2012/12/04 16:59:02
Seen Year: 2020 --All model years in the range 1976 to 2020 selected
season Annual
Area : san Diego ************************************************************************************
*****
Year: 2020 --Model Years 1976 to 2020 Inclusive --Annual
Emfac2011-LDV Emission Factors: V2.50.57.246
san Diego Basin Average
Average
Basin
Table Sa: Partial Day Diurnal Loss Emissions
(grams/hour)
Pollutant Name: Methane
All
Temp
degF
60
LOA LOT
0.000 0.000
MDT
0.000
Temperature: ALL Relative Humidity:
HOT UBUS MCY All
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Page 6
Emfac2011 -2020
Title Year 2020
version Emfac2011-LDV V2.50.57.246 Run Date 2012/12/04 16:59:02
seen Year: 2020 --All model years in the range 1976 to 2020 selected
season : Annual
Area : san Diego
************************************************************************************ *****
Year: 2020 --Model Years 1976 to 2020 Inclusive -~ Annual
Emfac2011-LDV Emission Factors: v2.50.57.246
san Diego Basin Average
Average
Basin
Table 5b: Multi-Day Diurnal Loss Emissions
(grams/hour)
Pollutant Name: Methane ALL
Temp
degF
60
LOA
0.000
Title Year 2020
LDT
0.000
MDT
0.000
version Emfac2011-LDV v2.50.57.246
Run Date 2012/12/04 16:59:02
Temperature: ALL Relative Humidity:
HOT usus MCY ALL
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
seen Year: 2020 --All model years in the range 1976 to 2020 selected
season : Annual
Area : san Diego
************************************************************************************
*****
Year: 2020 --Model Years 1976 to 2020 Inclusive --Annual
Emfac2011-LDV Emission Factors: v2.50.57.246
san Diego Basin Average
Average
Basin
Table 6a: Partial Day Resting Loss Emissions
(grams/hour)
Pollutant Name: Methane
ALL
Temp
degF
60
LOA LDT
0.000 0.000
MDT
0.000
Temperature: ALL Relative Humidity:
HOT usus MCY ALL
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Page 7
Emfac2011 -2020
Title Year 2020 version Emfac2011-LDV V2.50.57.246
Run Date 2012/12/04 16:59:02 Seen Year: 2020 --All model years in the range 1976 to 2020 selected
season Annual
Area : san Diego ************************************************************************************
*****
Year: 2020 --Model Years 1976 to 2020 Inclusive --Annual Emfac2011-LDV Emission Factors: v2.50.57.246
san Diego Basin Average
Average Basin
Table 6b: Multi-Day Resting Loss Emissions
(grams/hour)
Pollutant Name: Methane ALL
Temp
degF
60
LOA
0.000
Title Year 2020
LOT
0.000
MDT
0.000
version Emfac2011-LDV v2.50.57.246
Run Date 2012/12/04 16:59:02
Temperature: ALL Relative Humidity:
HOT UBUS MCY ALL
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Seen Year: 2020 --All model years in the range 1976 to 2020 selected
season Annual
Area : san Diego ************************************************************************************
*****
Year: 2020 --Model Years 1976 to 2020 Inclusive --Annual Emfac2011-LDV Emission Factors: V2.50.57.246
san Diego Basin Average
Average
Basin
Table 7: Estimated Travel Fractions
ALL Pollutant Name:
%VMT
%TRIP %VEH
LOA
0. 532
0. 515 0. 524
LOT
0.274
0.255
0.263
MDT
0.178
0.212
0.172
HOT
0.007
0.009
0.012
Page 8
Temperature: ALL
UBUS
0.002
0.000
0.001
MCY
0.007
0.008
0.027
Relative Humidity:
ALL
1.000
1.000
1.000
Emfac2011 -2020
Title Year 2020
version Emfac2011-LDV V2.50.57.246
Run Date 2012/12/04 16:59:02
seen Year: 2020 --All model years in the range 1976 to 2020 selected
season Annual
Area : San Diego
************************************************************************************ *****
Year: 2020 --Model Years 1976 to 2020 Inclusive --Annual
Emfac2011-LDV Emission Factors: v2.50.57.246
san Diego Basin Average Basin Average
Table 8: Evaporative Running LOSS Emissions
(grams/minute)
Pollutant Name: Methane Temperature: 60F Relative Humidity:
ALL
Time
min LOA LOT MDT HOT UBUS MCY ALL
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 4 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 5 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
10 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
15 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
20 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 25 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
30 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
35 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
40 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 45 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
50 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
55 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 60 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Page 9