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HomeMy WebLinkAboutGPA 06-03; Rancho Milagro MND Attachment 4; General Plan Amendment (GPA)RECON RECEIVEO NOV 3 0 2010 CITY OF CARLSBAD PLANNING DEPT Cultural Resources Survey Report for the Rancho Milagro Study Area, Carlsbad, California Prepared for Prepared by Lyall Enterprises, Inc. 15529 Highway 76 Pauma Valley, CA 92061 RECON 1927 Fifth Avenue San Diego, CA 92101-2358 P 619.308.9333 F 619.308.9334 RECON Number 3889.1A October 27, 2010 armen Zepeda-Herman, M.A., Principal Inv Investigator Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property NATIONAL ARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA BASE INFORMATION Principal investigator Author: Consulting Firm: Report Date: Report Title: Submitted to: Contract Number: USGS Quadrangle Map: Keywords: Carmen Zepeda-Herman, M.A. Harry J Price RECON Environmental, Inc. 1927 Fifth Avenue San Diego, CA 92101-2358 October 27, 2010 Cultural Resources Survey for Rancho Milagro, Carlsbad, California Lyall Enterprises, Inc. 15529 Highway 76 Pauma Valley, CA 92061 RECON Number 3889-lA USGS 7.5 minute San Luis Rey quadrangle CA-SDI-9698, CA-SDI-9699, CA-SDI-9701, CA-SDI- 9092, CA-SDI-14339H, positive cultural resources survey, Agua Hedionda Creek, shell midden, Late Prehistoric site, Archaic period site, Carlsbad RECON Page i Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property TABLE OF CONTENTS Management Summary 1 1.0 Introduction 2 2.0 Project Setting 5 3.0 Previous Research in the Project Area 11 4.0 Survey Methods 12 5.0 Field Results 13 6.0 Management Considerations 18 7.0 References Cited 21 FIGURES Regional Location 3 Project Location on USGS Map 4 Project Location on Aerial Photograph 6 PHOTOGRAPHS 1: Typical Density of Riparian Vegetation along Agua Hedionda Creek 14 2: Dense Weeds in Area North of Riparian Vegetation 14 3: Recently Cleared Agricultural Field Showing Good Ground Visibility 15 4: Fallow Agricultural Field Showing Low Ground Visibility 15 5. View of the Northern Drainage and Adjacent Slope 16 ATTACHMENTS 1: Resumes of Key Personnel 2: Native American Heritage Commission Correspondence CONFIDENTIAL ATTACHMENTS 1: Record Search Results 2: Confidential Figures 1. Recorded Locations of Cultural Resources in Relation to Locations Found During the Current Survey 2. Location of SDI-9698, SDI-9699, and SDI-9701 in Relation to Project Impacts RECON Pageil Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property Management Summary This report describes the results of a cultural resources survey on the 43.57-acre Rancho Milagro project in the city of Carlsbad, California (Figure 1). The site is on an unsectioned portion of Rancho Agua Hedionda, U.S. Geological Service (USGS) San Luis Rey quadrangle (USGS 1997). The site is north of El Camino Real near the intersection of College Boulevard and El Camino Real, approximately one mile north of Palomar Airport Road and a half mile east of Sintorosa Country Club (Figure 2). The study area is composed ofthe 43.57-acre Rancho Milagro property and the adjacent and off-site 0.06-acre section of a sewer line. The cultural resources survey was undertaken in accordance with requirements of the City of Carlsbad Planning Department to avoid significant impacts to cultural resources under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) and City of Carlsbad guidelines. Prior to the survey, a record search with a 0.5-mile-radius buffer was conducted at the California Historical Resources Information System, South Coastal Information Center. There were five previously recorded sites within the survey area, CA-SDI-9092, CA-SDI- 9698, CA-SDI-9699, CA-SDI-9701 (SDM-W-601), and CA-SDI-14339H. CA-SDI-9092, CA-SDI-9698, and CA-SDI-9699 are described as shell middens and CA-SDI-9701 is described as a possible village site. CA-SDI-14339H consisted of a small historic complex of foundations, stairways, paths, a standing structure, and numerous fruit trees. The pedestrian survey was conducted on August 2, 2010, using 10-15 meter transects. RECON archaeologists relocated three of the previously recorded sites on the project property, CA-SDI-9698, CA-SDI-9699, and CA-SDI-9701 (SDM-W-601). No cultural material was found in the mapped location of CA-SDI-9092. A 1998 study revealed CA- SDI-9092 did not contain cultural material throughout the site footprint recorded in 1981 and subsequent investigations to assess site significance in 2001 showed the site did not extend southward to the Rancho Milagro property boundary. Additionally, CA-SDI- 9092 was assessed as not a significant archaeological site under CEQA guidelines. No material was found at the location of the small portion of CA-SDI-14339H mapped in the project. This area has been heavily impacted by grading for Sunnycreek Road and slope construction for the residential development. No previously unrecorded prehistoric or historic sites were found. As currently designed, the proposed project will impact all of CA-SDI-9698 and CA-SDI- 9699, and part of CA-SDI-9701, thereby significantly impacting historical resources as defined in §15064.5 of the State CEQA Guidelines. Based on the survey results, RECON has determined that CA-SDI-9698 and CA-SDI-9699, and the part of CA-SDI-9701 within the proposed impact area, are significant historic resources and eligible under Criterion 4 for listing on the CRHR (Public Resources Code 5024.1, Title 14 California Code of Regulations [CCR], Section 4852) and Criterion 4 of the City of RECON Page 1 Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property Carlsbad resource guidelines. RECON recommends a data recovery program for CA- SDI-9698, CA-SDI-9699 and the part of CA-SDI-9701 within project impact areas to reduce the level of impacts to below that of significance. Prior to the issuance of a grading permit by the City, the collection and documentation of a valid sample of the significant scientific data contained within the three sites should be performed. The collection and documentation shall involve the following actions and shall be completed to the satisfaction of the Planning Director of the City of Carlsbad. All work shall be completed under the direction of a qualified archaeologist. 1. Preparation of a research design 2. Excavation of a phased sample; the size of the samples shall be sufficient to recover the scientific data for which the resources were determined significant 3. Cataloguing and report of the results of the field work 4. Curation of all cultural materials, including original maps, field notes, catalog information and final report, with an appropriate institution consistent with state and federal standards. The project file, including field notes, project information, and photographic log, is curated at RECON under job number 3889.1 A. 1.0 Introduction This report describes the results of a cultural resources survey on the 43.57-acre Rancho Milagro project site in the city of Carlsbad, California (Figure 1). The site is in Township 12 South, Range 4 West, on an unsectioned portion of Rancho Agua Hedionda, U.S. Geological Service (USGS) San Luis Rey quadrangle (USGS 1997). The site is north of El Camino Real near the intersection of College Boulevard and El Camino Real, approximately 1 mile north of Palomar Airport Road and 0.5 mile east of Sintorosa Country Club (Figure 2). The Assessor's Parcel Number for the property is 209-060-61. The study area is composed of the 43.57-acre Rancho Milagro property and the adjacent and off-site 0.06-acre section of a sewer line. RECON Page 2 ;iytCB; Pendteloh Bonsall Paum; Oceans insidef UNINCORPORATED ,. \yalley Renter I 76 ' Buena Vista Lagoon Sar Agua Agi lSSSn^\\ Carlsbad Loveland Resen/oir Batiquitos\, L^agoon fHodge^' i UNHMCORPORATED JeathJ, Via Rancho Penasquitos Pacific Ocean Carmel sy San Diego Resafi/oir 0 Miles Project location RECON FIGURE 1 Regional Location M;\jobs2\3889-1\common_gis\fig1.mxd 03/09/10 Map Source: USGS 7.5 minute topographic map series, SAN LUIS REY quadrangle, Agua Hedionda Land Grants Feet 2,000 Study Area RECON M:\iobs2\3889-1\common_gis\fig2.mxd 02/23/10 FIGURE 2 Project Location on USGS Map Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property This report was prepared in compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), and with policies and procedures of the City of Carlsbad. To the best of our knowledge, the statements and information contained in this report are accurate. The following individuals participated in the field tasks or preparation of this report. Resumes for key personnel are included as Attachment 1. Principal Investigator Carmen Zepeda-Herman, M.A. Project Archaeologist/field crew Harry J. Price Field Crew Mike D. Vader Graphic Artist Greg Kazmer GIS Specialist Sean Bohac Production Specialist Greg Kazmer 1.1 Project Description The study area is composed of the 43.57-acre Rancho Milagro property and the adjacent and off-site 0.06-acre section of a sewer line. The Rancho Milagro property is divided into two portions: a 16.30-acre area in the southern portion ofthe study area that was previously dedicated for mitigation and restoration for the adjacent Terraces at Sunny Creek development, and a 27.27-acre upland and riparian area in the remaining northem portion of the study area (Figure 3). The proposed project includes the development of 19 houses, a biofiltration detention area, and a sewer line. All house lot boundaries have been designed to ensure they do not encroach on the 100-foot wetland buffer. A total of approximately 15.05 acres of land will be impacted by grading activities associated with the proposed on-site development and on- and off-site trenching activities associated with the sewer line. The method of construction associated with the sewer line alignment through the Agua Hedionda Creek riparian area is to jack and bore underneath the creek. The area of potential effect (APE) for the purposes of this survey was the entire project property, even though the 16. 3 acre dedicated mitigation area will not be impacted by development. 2.0 Project Setting 2.1 Natural Setting Elevation on-site ranges from approximately 80 feet above mean sea level (MSL) in the southwestern portion ofthe site to 200 feet above MSL in the northeastern portion ofthe site (USGS 1997). Agua Hedionda Creek flows from southeast to northwest along the southern boundary of the site and an unnamed tributary of Agua Hedionda Creek flows roughly from east to west along the northern boundary of the site (see Figures 2 and 3). RECON Pages Image source: Copyright 2008 GlobeXplorer, LLC, All Rights Reserved (flown Jan 2008) 0 Feet 350 RECON study Area M:\jobs2\3889-1\common_gis\fig3.mxd 02/23/10 FIGURES Project Location on Aerial Photograph Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property A knoll, sloping to the northwest, runs between the two drainages with a moderately steep slope on the south side and a gentler slope on the north side. Agua Hedionda Lagoon is approximately 1.1 miles to the west. Currently, the site contains an agricultural operation on the hilltop in the northern half of the site. Undeveloped riparian vegetation communities occur along the northern drainage and within the Agua Hedionda Creek floodplain. A small strip of coastal sage scrub occurs along a south facing slope above Agua Hedionda Creek. The site is immediately bounded by agricultural development, scattered ranch homes, and patches of undeveloped native vegetation communities (see Figure 3). 2.2 Cultural Setting 2.2.1 Prehistory The prehistoric cultural sequence in northern San Diego County is generally conceived as comprised of three basic periods: (1) the Paleoindian Period, dated between about 11,500 and 8,500 years ago (2) the Archaic Period, lasting from about 8,500 to 1,500 years ago (A.D. 500); and (3) the Late Prehistoric Period, lasting from about 1,500 years ago to historic contact (i.e., 500 to 1769) and represented by the Cuyamaca and San Luis Rey Complexes. 2.2.1.1 Paleoindian Period The Paleoindian Period in San Diego County is most closely associated with the San Dieguito Complex, as identified by Rogers (1938, 1939, 1945). The San Dieguito assemblage consists of well-made scraper planes, choppers, scraping tools, crescentics, elongated bifacial knives, and leaf-shaped projectile points. The most thoroughly investigated San Dieguito component in San Diego County is found at CA-SDI-149 (the C.W. Harris site), located on a terrace overiooking the San Dieguito River. The San Dieguito Complex is thought to represent an eariy emphasis on hunting (Warren etal.1993:lll-33). 2.2.1.2 Archaic Period The Archaic Period in coastal San Diego County is represented by the La Jolla Complex, a local manifestation of the widespread Millingstone Horizon. Archaic assemblages in interior northern San Diego County have been designated as the Pauma Complex. The La Jolla and Pauma complexes have very similar assemblages and are thought to be different environmental adaptations ofthe same culture (True 1958). Both La Jolla and Pauma Complex assemblages suggest a generalized subsistence focus with an emphasis on hard seeds. This emphasis is indicated by the increased RECON Page 7 Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property frequency of slab and basin metates and the adoption of a mixed cobble/core-based tool assemblage composed primarily of crudely made choppers, scrapers, and cobble hammerstones. For coastal La Jolla Complex sites, large deposits of marine shell argue for the importance of shellfish gathering to the coastal Archaic economy. Pauma Complex sites are typically found on terraces or ridges above a water source such as a stream. They often do not have discernible midden development, but they may have subsurface deposits. While they typically have numerous portable metates and manos, they lack bedrock milling, and mortars and pestles (True and Waugh 1981:101-102). There seems to have been some reorientation in settlement from coastal to inland settings during the latter portion of this period in northern San Diego County. This settlement shift appears to have occurred around 4,000 years ago, and is thought to relate to the final phases of Holocene sea level rise and the resulting siltation of coastal lagoons. Prior to this time, the lagoons had been highly productive sources of shellfish for La Jollan people (Gallegos 1987; Warren et al. 1993). 2.2.1.3 Late Prehistoric Period The late prehistoric archaeology of the San Diego coast and foothills, beginning approximately 1,500 years ago, is characterized by two major complexes: the Cuyamaca and the San Luis Rey. The Cuyamaca complex is primarily known from the work of D. L. True at Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, southeast of the project. The Cuyamaca complex is characterized by the presence of steatite arrowshaft straighteners, steatite pendants (some of these steatite items are incised with crosshatching), steatite comales (heating stones), Tizon Brownware pottery, ceramic figurines reminiscent of Hohokam styles, ceramic "Yuman bow pipes," ceramic rattles, miniature pottery, various cobble-based tools (e.g., scrapers, choppers, hammerstones), bone awls, manos and metates, mortars and pestles, and Desert Side-Notched (more common) and Cottonwood Series projectile points. The definition of the San Luis Rey complex was based primarily on excavations near Pala, about 45 miles northeast of the project area. The San Luis Rey complex is thought to represent the ancestors of the ethnographic Luiseno (True 1966, 1970) who arrive in northern San Diego County, as part of the large series of coastward migrations of Shoshonean speakers, sometimes called the Takic Wedge (Meighan 1954; Waugh 1986). San Luis Rey 1 is characterized by slab metates and mortars, both ofwhich can be found in shaped and unshaped, bedrock and portable configurations. Cremations, bone awls, and stone and shell ornaments are also prominent in the material culture. In San Luis Rey 11 assemblage pottery cooking and storage vessels, cremation urns, polychrome pictographs appear. Chipped stone arrowpoints are dominated by the RECON Pages Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property Cottonwood Triangular series, but Desert Side-notched, Dos Cabazas Serrated, leaf- shaped, and stemmed styles also occur. 2.3 Ethnohistory The project is at the boundary of the Kumeyaay and Luiseno ethnographic groups. Kumeyaay territory traditionally extended north to Carisbad from southern San Diego County and Luiseno territory extended south from Orange County to Carisbad. The Yuman-speaking Kumeyaay, inhabited an area between the Pacific Ocean and the Imperial Valley on the east, the vicinity of Carisbad in the north, and the Ensenada area of Baja California in the south. The Kumeyaay traditionally maintained a system of patrilineal, patrilocal, exogamous sibs that were distributed within a territorially associated band structure (Luomala 1978:602; Shipek 1982:297; Gifford 1973:378). Each band contained members of up to 15 sibs within its organization (Shipek 1982:297). The household was the primary social structure and consisted of a married couple together with their unmarried children, married sons and families, and such dependent relatives within the father's lineage as his parents, grandparents, and unmarried aunts or uncles (May 1975:3). At any one time, the Kumeyaay band usually maintained a main village and several outlying villages (May 1975:4; Shipek 1982:297; Luomala 1978:597). Since the economy was based on intensive utilization of locally available natural resources, these settlements were more or less temporary. Residential units often split into their constituent clans when movement to other areas was necessitated either by seasonal changes or by local overexploitation. A "permanent" village, as recorded by eariy European explorers, probably consisted of an area that was regulariy used by local band members for a large part of the yeariy cycle (Luomala 1978:597). At the time of Spanish intrusion, institutionalized leadership roles within the clans and various integrating systems between the clans facilitated flexible patterns of personnel movement and trade throughout the region (Shipek 1982:302). There were also various connections with the bands and clans of other ethnolinguistic traditions. The ethnographic group abutting the Kumeyaay to the north is the Luiseno. The Luiseno are the most southwesteriy of the Shoshonean or Uto-Aztecan speakers. Luiseno territory encompassed much of northern San Diego and Orange Counties. Luisefio settlement systems have been carefully reconstructed on the basis of extensive ethnographic and ethnohistoric research (Bean and Shipek 1978a; Kroeber 1925; Sparkman 1908; Strong 1929; White 1963). White (1963:117) suggested that the average inland rancheria had a territory of approximately 30 square miles. He suggested that the Luiseno settlement system consisted of a series of villages or rancherias located on terraces above a valley bottom watercourse (e.g., the San Luis Rey River). The rancheria owned territory in a contiguous strip leading from the valley bottom to upland areas. This vertical pattern of rancheria territory facilitated gathering plant foods through RECON Page 9 Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property the year. In early spring, tubers and berries first ripened along the watercourse below the rancheria. As spring turned to summer, chaparral plants near the rancheria became ripe. Later, those at a higher elevation above the rancheria ripened. In fall, the people moved temporarily to higher elevations (e.g., Palomar Mountain) for the acorn harvest (White 1963:121). The material culture among both of these ethnohistoricaUy known groups was quite similar. A wide range of tools was made of locally available and also imported materials. A simple shoulder-height bow was made of mesquite or willow for hunting. Arrows had either fire-hardened wood or flaked stone points. Numerous other flaked stone tools were made including scrapers, choppers, flake-based cutting tools, and bifacial knives. Preferred stone types were locally available metavolcanics, quartz, and chert among the Luiseno. Obsidian was imported from the deserts to the north and east. Ground stone objects include mortars and pestles typically made of fine-grained granite. Mortars are associated with grinding acorns, although a variety of other materials were processed in them as well (Yohe et al. 1991). Simple basin metates and cobble manos were also used for grinding grass seeds and other items. Shaped metates were not known until the arrival ofthe Spanish (Kroeber 1925:653; Sparkman 1908:208). The manufacture and use of native ceramic vessels was also common to both of these groups. 2.2.2.1 Historic Period The Spanish Period in Alta California (1769-1821) represents a time of European exploration and settlement. Military and religious contingents established the San Diego Presidio and the San Diego Mission in 1769. In 1798, Mission San Luis Rey de Francia was founded on the San Luis Rey River in the present-day city of Oceanside. The mission system also introduced horses, cattle, sheep, and agricultural goods and implements as well as new construction methods and architectural styles. During the Mexican Period (1821-1848), the missions were secularized, opening vast tracts of former mission lands for private use and settlement. The numerous grants dramatically expanded the rancho system. The southern California economy became increasingly based on cattle ranching. The project property is part of Rancho Agua Hedionda, granted to Juan Maria Marron in 1843 (Pourade 1969). The Mexican Period ended when Mexico signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo on February 2, 1848, concluding the Mexican-American War (1846-1848; Rolle 1998). The great influx of Americans and Europeans, beginning with the Gold Rush in the summer of 1848, eliminated many remaining vestiges of Native American culture. The American homestead system encouraged settlement beyond the coastal plain into areas where Indians had retreated to avoid the worst of Spanish and Mexican influences (Carrico 1987; Cook 1976). In 1865, Francis Hinton assumed ownership of Rancho Agua Hedionda (Pourade 1969). When Hinton died in 1870 the ranch passed to his RECON Page 10 Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property foreman, Robert Kelly. Members of Kelly's family homesteaded approximately 10,000 acres south of the rancho in the late 1860s. The arrival of the California Southern Railroad to the Carisbad area in 1881 greatly aided access from the coastal communities, at the time very small, to San Diego. John Frazer found an artesian spring on his 127-acre homestead in the mid 1880s, and in 1886 he sold the property to G. Schutte and S. C. Smith (City of Carisbad 2010). Schutte and Smith founded the town of Carisbad, named after the famous health spa in Karisbad, Bohemia (City of Carisbad 2010). 3.0 Previous Research in the Project Area A record search was requested from the California Historical Resources Information System South Coastal Information Center (SCIC) (Confidential Attachment 1) for the project area with a 0.5-mile radius search buffer. The results of the record search indicate that there are five archaeological sites within the project property; CA-SDI-9092, CA-SDI-9698, -9699, -9701 (SDM-W-601) and -14339H. CA-SDI-9092 was originally recorded in 1981 by D. Hanna immediately adjacent to the northwestern corner of the project. The site was originally described as a unique shell midden site containing hearths, groundstone and flaked stone artifacts, flakes, shell and animal bone, and pottery. This site was resurveyed during a constraints study of the Cantarini Ranch property to the north (Collett and Cheever 1998). The 1998 study revealed CA-SDI-9092 did not contain cultural material throughout the site footprint recorded in 1981. Subsequent investigations to assess site significance were implemented in 2001 (Berryman and Cheever). CA-SDI-9092 was found to be smaller than originally mapped, with a focus of cultural materials located farther to the northwest and not extending southward to the Rancho Milagro property boundary. Additionally, CA-SDI-9092 was assessed as not a significant archaeological site as defined in CEQA guidelines. CA-SDI-9698 was recorded in 1983 by S Hector as a shell midden measuring approximately 60 meters by 40 meters on a rocky hilltop. Only shell was observed during the 1983 survey and the site was described as undisturbed. This site is mapped in the knoll in the east central part of the project. CA-SDI-9699 was also recorded in 1983 by S. Hector and was described as a small shell midden measuring 30 meters by 20 meters. Again, no artifacts were seen during the 1983 survey. This site was also described as undisturbed. The site is located on the western end of the knoll running through the project property. RECON Page 11 Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property CA-SDI-9701 (SDM-W-601) was originally recorded by G. Fink in 1974, and updated in 1983 during the S Hector survey. The site was described as a large village site immediately adjacent to Agua Hedionda Creek with "the potential to contain considerable cultural deposits." A single milling feature was noted on the northern edge of the site. Although dense vegetation obscured much of the site, the area was estimated as 500 meters by 100 meters, with the long axis running parallel to the creek. No impacts were noted except Sunnycreek Road, which cut across the southern portion of the site. The SCIC and San Diego Museum of Man (SDMM) site forms show differing site boundaries (see site forms in Confidential Attachment 1). The SCIC site is roughly oval in shape and is in roughly the center of the portion of Agua Hedionda Creek within the project property. The SDMM site is roughly crescent shaped and covers a much longer portion of the north side of Agua Hedionda Creek. A portion of the site was tested in 1997 when it was dedicated for mitigation and restoration for the adjacent Terraces at Sunny Creek development. The area tested was approximately 245m long by 30m wide, and 29 STPs and 2 test units were excavated. The northern end of the area tested in 1997 is immediately south ofthe proposed detention basin. CA-SDI-14339H is mapped immediately south of the southwestern edge of the project, with a small portion extending to the north side of Sunnycreek Road. CA-SDI-14339H was recorded in 1996 by R. D. Shultz, and consisted of a small historic complex of foundations, stairways, paths, a standing structure, and numerous fruit trees. None of the structures were mapped within or abutting the project boundary. A letter was sent to the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) on August 10, 2010. The NAHC Sacred Lands Search did not indicate the presence of Native American cultural resources within a 0.5-mile radius of the proposed project (Attachment 2). A list of interested Native American individuals was also included in the correspondence. These individuals will be contacted to solicit their input before the testing program is initiated. 4.0 Survey IVIethods The primary goals of this survey were to systematically survey the project area to determine if there are cultural resources present, document where these resources are and what they consist of, and attempt to determine the site's time of occupation and function within the prehistoric settlement and economic systems. The kinds of research information available from a survey-level examination of a site's surface are limited; however, tentative evaluations of a site's research potential can be made, and these tentative evaluations can be of considerable utility in the land-use planning process. The project area was surveyed on-foot on August 2, 2010 by RECON archaeologists Harry Price and Mike Vader. The project's APE was inspected for evidence of RECON Page 12 Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property archaeological materials such as marine shell, flaked stone, debris, flaked and ground stone tools, or milling features. Transects were varied between 10 and 15 meters apart, depending on the vegetation cover. Locations of recorded sites were checked especially closely. The project property was photographed to document environmental setting and general conditions. No artifacts were collected during the survey. Access to Agua Hedionda Creek was limited due to the presence of a dense understory of western poison oak {Toxicodendron diversilobum) and impenetrable vegetation within the southern willow scrub and sycamore/oak woodland. As a result, the survey was limited to only a few select accessible locations. This area has been set aside for open space mitigation and will not be developed. All notes, photographs, and GPS data from the survey are curated at the offices of RECON Environmental, Inc. in San Diego 5.0 Field Results The field survey was conducted on a sunny day with light breeze, offering ideal survey conditions. Ground visibility varied dramatically over the project property. As noted above, the area of Agua Hedionda Creek was densely covered with vegetation and the ground could be seen in only a few places where narrow trails had been worn into the ground cover (Photograph 1). As most of the riparian area is part of an easement and will not be developed, this is not a concern. The area north of the creek riparian vegetation and south of the knoll slope was densely covered in mustard grass {Brassica sp.) and other non-native weeds that completely obscured most of the ground surface (Photograph 2). A narrow strip along the edge of the riparian vegetation that widened at the north end was the only area where vegetation had been cleared enough that ground visibility was at least 50 percent. Visibility on the south-facing slope was also reduced due to vegetation, averaging about 25 percent. Ground visibility in the agricultural fields on the knoll varied considerably (Photograph 3). The field in the western end and the majority of the fields on the north side of the knoll were either recently cleared or just planted and had ground visibility averaging 50- 75 percent. The high part of the knoll and the fields on the south-facing slope were fallow and weed cover reduced ground visibility to between 40 and 10 percent (Photograph 4). The northern drainage and the short slope down to it were heavily covered in vegetation, and again ground visibility averaged below 10 percent. The low, south-facing slope at the far north end of the property was densely covered in non-native vegetation and ground visibility was below 10 percent (Photograph 5). RECON Page 13 PHOTOGRAPH 1 Typical Density of Riparian Vegetation along Agua Hedionda Creek RECON PHOTOGRAPH 2 Dense Weeds in Area North of Riparian Vegetation l\/l:\JOBS2\3889-1\arc\graphics\photos.indd 8/9/10 PHOTOGRAPH 3 Recently Cleared Agricultural Field Showing Good Ground Visibility RECON PHOTOGRAPH 4 Fallow Agricultural Field Showing Low Ground Visibility M:\JOBS2\3889-1\arc\graphics\photos.indd 8/9/10 PHOTOGRAPH 5 View of the Northern Drainage and Adjacent Slope RECON M:\JOBS2\3889-1\arc\graphics\photos.indd 8/9/10 Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property Three of the five archaeological sites recorded within the project property, CA-SDI-9698, CA-SDI-9699, and CA-SDI-9701 (SDM-W-601) were relocated during the survey. CA- SDI-9698 was relocated in approximately the same place it was mapped on the 1983 site form, although shell was seen in a smaller area than shown on the site form. The site was recorded as a light shell scatter consisting of approximately 30 pieces of shell, primarily Chione sp., and a single fine-grained porphyritic metavolcanic flake. Most of the shell was found in two small concentrations in the southern portion of the site. The site is in an agricultural field on the western end of the knoll, approximately 70 meters east of the western property boundary. Due to recent disking, the ground surface visibility was 100 percent. No impacts were noted on the 1983 site form, so agricultural impacts have occurred since then. Confidential Figure 1 shows the location of CA-SDI- 9698. No cultural material was found in the mapped location of CA-SDI-9699, but a large shell scatter was found approximately 40 meters to the west of the mapped location. The site location mapped in 1983 was carefully checked, but no indication of a site could be found. The shell scatter found during the survey was approximately 60 meters by 50 meters, roughly the same as the original described size of CA-SDI-9699. This is probably the actual location of the site, the discrepancy being the result of greater accuracy available by using GPS equipment for mapping on the current survey. The site found during this survey is on the top and north-facing slope of the knoll, in an area currently under cultivation. The area is bounded by a dirt road on the east and is bisected by a second east-west running dirt road. Due to the present day agricultural activities and low ground surface visibility, exact site boundaries were difficult to define. Shell varied in concentration from approximately 2 per square meter in the dirt roads to more than 40 per square meter in some parts of the flower fields. No stone artifacts were seen during the survey. Confidential Figure 1 shows the 1983 SCIC mapped location of CA-SDI-9699 in relation to the site found in the current survey. Portions of CA-SDI-9701 (SDM-W-601) were found in its mapped location in and along the north side of Agua Hedionda Creek drainage. During the current survey, shell and a flake were found on the northern edge of the mapped locations of the site, corresponding somewhat more closely to the northern boundary of the SDMM site. It could not be determined if material extends north of the observed shell due to heavy vegetation. A small shell scatter was found approximately 50 meters southeast of the recorded southeastern end of the site just north of the riparian vegetation. Although no shell or other cultural material was found between the recorded site and the new shell, ground visibility was very low and it is considered an extension of the existing site. A continuous scatter of shell was seen in Sunnycreek Road east of the previous recorded site boundary. The shell extended along the road to within 10 meters of the eastern property boundary. This extends the boundary of the site approximately 50 meters southeast of the recorded site boundary in this area also. The northern end of the site, close to the project boundary, has been impacted by a road and dumping of wood RECON Page 17 Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property chippings and clippings obscures some of the ground. The 1983 site form does not mention any impacts except Sunnycreek Road to the site. A 1990 aerial photograph shows the northern half of the site outside the riparian vegetation cleared of native vegetation and under cultivation. Confidential Figure 1 shows the SCIC and SDMM boundaries of CA-SDI-9701 in relation to the shell deposit found during the current survey. The mapped location of CA-SDI-9092 was inspected during the survey, even though 2001 investigations to assess site significance (Berryman and Cheever 2001) determined CA-SDI-9092 was smaller than originally mapped and did not extend into the Rancho Milagro project. No cultural material was found. The current survey also noted that the far northwestern corner of the project property has been impacted by the grading of an access road. No cultural material was found at the mapped location of CA-SDI-14339H. The main site was destroyed by a residential development and the portion extending onto the project property has been heavily impacted by the maintenance of Sunnycreek Road. The north edge ofthe road has also been heavily disturbed. It may also be subjected to intermittent flooding when water flow is high in Agua Hedionda Creek. Confidential Figure 1 shows the 1983 SCIC mapped location of CA-SDI-14339H. 6.0 Management Considerations 6.1 Regulatory Framework The proposed project is subject to State of California and City of Carisbad environmental regulations. Under the state regulations, compliance with the CEQA requires consideration of impacts to cultural resources as historical resources or those resources potentially eligible for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR). The procedures for assessing archaeological and historical resources are addressed in State CEQA Guidelines Sections 15064.5(a) and 15064.5(c). These guidelines require the identification of cultural resources that could be affected by the proposed project, the evaluation of the significance of such resources, an assessment of the proposed project impacts on significant resources, and a development of a treatment plan to avoid or address adverse effects to significant resources. Significant resources, also called historical resources, are those cultural resources (whether prehistoric or historic) that have been evaluated and determined to be eligible for listing in the CRHR. Under CEQA, effects of a proposed project on significant cultural resources, or historical resources, must be considered in the planning process. According to CEQA, a resource is historically significant if it meets one of the criteria for listing on the CRHR (Public RECON Page 18 Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property Resources Code 5024.1, Title 14 California Code of Regulations [CCR], Section 4852). That is, a property is significant if it: 1. Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California's history and cultural heritage. 2 Is associated with the lives of persons important to our past. 3. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values. 4. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Some resources that do not meet these criteria may still be historically significant for the purposes of CEQA. According to CEQA, a significant impact is a project effect that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource. Adverse changes include physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings resulting in the impairment ofthe resource's significance (Sec. 15064.5.4b, CEQA Guidelines). Mitigation measures are required for adverse effects on significant historical resources (Sec. 21083.2 CEQA Code). Under City of Carisbad cultural resources guidelines (City of Carisbad Municipal Code, Chapter 22.06), a cultural resource may be eligible for inclusion on the Carisbad Historic Resource Inventory if: 1. It exemplifies or reflects special elements of the city's cultural, social, economic, political, aesthetic, engineering, or architectural history; or 2. It is identified with persons or events significant in local, state, or national history; or 3. It embodies distinctive characteristics of a style, type, period, or method of construction, is a valuable example of the use of indigenous materials or craftsmanship, or is representative of a notable work of and acclaimed builder, designer, or architect; or 4. It is an archaeological, paieontological, botanical, geological, topographical, ecological, or geographical site which has the potential of yielding information of scientific value; or RECON Page 19 Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property 5. It is a geographically definable area possessing concentration of site, buildings, structures, improvements, or objects linked historically through location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and/or association, in which the collective value of the improvements may be greater than the value of each individual improvement. 6.2 Effects and Recommendations CA-SDI-9698, CA-SDI-9699, and a portion of CA-SDI-9701 will be impacted by construction of the proposed project as it is currently designed (Confidential Figure 2). Based on the survey results, RECON has determined that CA-SDI-9698 and CA-SDI- 9699 are significant cultural resources and eligible under Criterion 4 for listing on the CRHR (Public Resources Code 5024.1, Title 14 California Code of Regulations [CCR], Section 4852) and Criterion 4 of the city of Carisbad resource guidelines. CA-SDI-9698 and CA-SDI-9699 are within the proposed residential development footprint and would be destroyed, which would be a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource and therefore a significant impact under CEQA. Under CEQA, the preferred mitigation for impacts is to redesign the project to avoid the two sites. Because of other project restraints, avoidance is not possible. RECON recommends a data recovery program for CA-SDI-9698 and CA-SDI-9699 to reduce the level of impacts to below that of significance. Prior to the issuance of a grading permit by the City the collection and documentation of a valid sample of the significant scientific data contained within sites CA-SDI-9698 and CA-SDI-9699 should be performed. The collection and documentation shall involve the following actions and shall be completed to the satisfaction of the Planning Director of the City of Carisbad. All work shall be completed under the direction of a qualified archaeologist. 1. Preparation of a research design 2. Excavation of a phased sample; the size of the samples shall be sufficient to recover the scientific data for which the resources were determined significant 3. Cataloguing and report of the results of the field work 4. Curation of all cultural materials, including original maps, field notes, catalog information and final report, with an appropriate institution consistent with state and federal standards. A portion of CA-SDI-9701 would be impacted by the construction of a detention basin and part of the proposed sewer line from the residential lots to the existing line. Based on the survey results, RECON has determined that this portion of CA-SDI-9701 is a RECON Page 20 Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property significant historical resource and eligible under Criterion 4 for listing on the CRHR (Public Resources Code 5024.1, Title 14 California Code of Regulations [CCR], Section 4852) and Criterion 4 of the city of Carisbad resource guidelines. The area potentially impacted is approximately 100 meters by 20 meters of the western end of the site. Under CEQA, the preferred mitigation for impacts is to redesign the project to avoid the structure, but as noted above, project design restraints make this unfeasible. RECON recommends a data recovery program for the portion of CA-SDI-9701 to be impacted to reduce the level of impacts to below that of significance. Prior to the issuance of a grading permit by the City, the collection and documentation of a valid sample of the significant scientific data contained within site CA-SDI-9701. That collection and documentation shall involve the following actions and shall be completed to the satisfaction of the Planning Director of the City of Carisbad. All work shall be completed under the direction ofa qualified archaeologist. 1. Preparation of a research design 2. Excavation of a phased sample; the size of the samples shall be sufficient to recover the scientific data for which the resources were determined significant 3. Cataloguing and report of the results of the field work 4. Curation of all cultural materials, including original maps, field notes, catalog information and final report, with an appropriate institution consistent with state and federal standards. 7.0 References Cited Bean, L. J., and F. Shipek 1978 Luisefio. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 550-563. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8, William G. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Berryman, Judy A., and Dayle M. Cheever 2001 Significance Evaluations of Cultural Resource Sites CA-SDI-9092, -9094, - 15544, -15545, and -15546, Located on the Cantarini Property, City of Carisbad. RECON, San Diego. Unpublished manuscript on file at RECON (No. 3041 A). Carrico, Richard L. 1987 Strangers in a Stolen Land. American Indians in San Diego 1850-1880. Sierra Oaks Publishing, Newcastle, California. RECON Page 21 Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property City of Carisbad 1985 General Plan, Historic Preservation Element, Chapter 22 1990 Cultural Resources Guidelines 2010 History of Carisbad on the City of Carisbad website. www.carisbadca.gov/about/history/Pages/default.aspx. Accessed August 8 Collett, Russell O. and Dayle M. Cheever 1998 Cultural Resource Survey of the Cantarini Property and Adjacent Portions of the Neighboring Lands Including a Proposed College Boulevard Alignment City of Carisbad, California. RECON, San Diego. Unpublished manuscript on file at RECON (No. 3041A). Cook, Shelburne F. 1976 The Population of the California Indians, 1769-1970. University of California Press, Berkeley. Gallegos, D. R. 1987 A Review and Synthesis of Environmental and Cultural Material for the Batiquitos Lagoon Region. In San Dieguito-La Jolla: Chronology and Controversy, edited by Dennis Gallegos, Susan M. Hector, and Stephen R. Van Wormer. San Diego County Archaeological Society. Gifford, Edward W. 1973 Miwok Lineages and the Political Unit in Aboriginal California. In The California Indians, edited by R. F. Heizer and W. A. Whipple. University of California Press, Berkeley. Kroeber, A. L. 1925 Handbook ofthe Indians of California.Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 78. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Luomala, Katherine. 1978 Tipai-lpai. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 592-609. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Meighan, C. W. 1954 A Late Complex in Southern California Prehistory. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 10:215-227. RECON Page 22 Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property Pourade, Richard F. 1969 Historic Ranchos of San Diego. A Copley Book, Union-Tribune Publishing, San Diego. Rogers, M. J. 1938 Archaeological and Geological Investigations of the Culture Levels in an Old Channel of San Dieguito Valley. Carnegie Institution of Washington Yearbook 37:344-45. 1939 Eariy Lithic Industries of the Lower Basin of the Colorado River and Adjacent Desert Areas. San Diego Museum of Man Papers 3. 1945 An Outline of Yuman Prehistory. Southwestern Journal of Anthropology 1(2):167-198. Rolle, Andrew 1998 California: A History. Harian Davidson, Wheeling, Illinois. Shipek, Florence C. 1982 Kumeyaay Socio-Political Structure. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 4(2):96-303. Sparkman, Philip S. 1908 The Culture of the Luisefio Indians. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 8(4):187-234. Strong, William 1929 Aboriginal Society in Southern California. University of California Publications in American Archeology and Ethnology 26:1-358. True, D. L. 1958 An Early Complex in San Diego County, California. American Antiquity 23(3):255-263. 1966 Archaeological Differentiation of Shoshonean and Yuman Speaking Groups in Southern California. Doctoral dissertation. University of California, Los Angeles. 1970 Investigation of a Late Prehistoric Complex in Cuyamaca Rancho State Park, San Diego County, California. Department of Anthropology Publications, University of California, Los Angeles. RECON Page 23 Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro Property True, D. L., and G. Waugh 1981 Archaeological Investigations in Northern San Diego County, California: Frey Creek. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 3(1 ):84-115. 1983 Radiocarbon Determinations from the Frey Creek Drainage in Northern San Diego County. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 5(1-2):253- 255. Warren, Claude N., Gretchen Siegler, and Frank Dittmer 1993 Paleoindian and Early Archaic Periods. In Historic Properties Background Study for the City of San Diego Clean Water Program. On file with City of San Diego Clean Water Program and Mooney Associates, San Diego. Waugh, M. Georgie 1986 Intensification and Land-use: Archaeological Indication of Transition and Transformation in a Late Prehistoric Complex in Southern California. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Anthropology, University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles. White, Raymond 1963 Luiseno Social Organization. University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology 48(2):91-194. Yohe, Robert M., Margaret E. Newman, and Joan S. Schneider 1991 Immunological Identification of Small-Mammal Proteins on Aboriginal Milling Equipment. American Antiquity 56:679-666. RECON Page 24 ATTACHMENTS RECON ATTACHMENT 1 Resumes of Key Personnel RECON Highlights Field surveying, excavation, and monitoring Experience evaluating properties for the NRHP Experience: 35 years Education: B.A., Anthropology, San Diego State University, 1976 Certifications/Trainings: County of San Diego Approved CEQA Consultants List - Archaeological and Historic Resources Qualified Archaeological Monitor, City of San Diego Archaeological Field Training at Bancroft Ranch House and San Diego Presidio Riverside County Cultural Sensitivity Training Course, Register No. 241 California BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit No. CA-08-16 Harry Price Archaeologist/Architectural Historian Experience Summary Mr. Price is an experienced archaeologist in the areas of excavation, site mapping, soil profiling, column sampling, surface collection, and field reconnaissance. He serves as field crew supervisor, conducts field surveys, provides illustration of artifacts, and prepares maps of archaeological sites. Mr. Price's archaeological duties include organizing personnel and equipment for work in the field, daily assignment of duties to field crew, daily field notes on progress and results, site sampling strategy (i.e., shovel tests, Ixl-meter units, trenching), placement of sample unites, and site mapping. Mr. Price has experience in Historic American Building Survey (HABS) and Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) documentation for historic structures. He has performed historic building evaluations and archival research for many historic structures in the San Diego area and is familiar with the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) and National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligibility requirements. Mr. Price is on the County of San Diego's Qualified Consultants List for the fields of Historic Resources and Archaeology. Historic Building Survey ofthe Escondido Mutual Water District Shop/Warehouse, Escondido, CA Archival photographic research on history of a half round metal building constructed by the Escondido Water Districts to determine its significance under CEQA and City of Escondido Guidelines. Historic Building Survey of Four Buildings on South Orange Avenue, Escondido, CA Project Architectural Historian for this redevelopment project in Escondido. Responsible for background research, on-site current conditions survey, and buildings evaluation report with mitigation recommendations for these four buildings (three residences and an outbuilding) built between 1930 and 1960. The evaluation included archival, aerial photography and architectural research following CEQA and City of Escondido Guidelines. Historic Building Survey on West San Ysidro Boulevard, City of San Diego, CA Building was a single family residence constructed in 1920's and extensively modified. Evaluation was requested by City of San RECON Price 2 Diego as part of environmental document for multi-family residences on the property. Historic American Building Survey (HABS) for the Descanso Ranger Station, Engine Garage, San Diego County, CA Completed HABS documentation ofthe wood frame building including photography, sketches, and archival research to meet HABS level documentation determined necessary before destruction of the building. Evaluation of Apartment/Day School at 4153 4th Avenue, San Diego, CA Took photos and performed basic research to determine construction dates and original use of three buildings in Hillcrest area of San Diego for City staff to use to determine level of additional documentation required for redevelopment plan by UCSD. National Register Evaluation/Documentation of Schwanbeck's Store, Crossroads, CA Scope of project was to do a HABS level documentation of store remains for archival purposes as the resource was in declining condition. Cultural Resource Survey of the Borrego Valley Airport Improvement sites, Borrego Springs, County of San Diego Department of Public Works Environmental Services, CA For this County of San Diego project, Mr. Price served as project archaeologist responsible for conducting a pedestrian survey, technical report, construction monitoring, and monitoring report of improvement areas at the airport. La Cresta Cultural Resources Test Excavations, San Diego, CA Project archaeologist responsible for testing and site survey and recordation for this project. Testing of the site consisted of ten STP and eight soil profiles. The purpose ofthe STPs was to identify the presence or absence of cultural material and thus determine ifany cultural resources had been disturbed during the flood control activities conducted by the County of San Diego Department of Public Works. Historical Resources Survey for the Mission Gorge Superior Mine Reclamation Master Development Plan, City of San Diego, CA Project Archaeologist responsible for conducting record search, directing the field effort, and writing the technical report with mitigation recommendations for this 395-acre. redevelopment project in Mission Gorge. Included the relocation and evaluation several segments of the Old Mission Flume, a City, State, and Federally listed historical resource. RECON Price 3 Cultural Resources Survey ofthe Goddard Residence Property, Harbison Canyon, County of San Diego, CA Cultural resource survey of 17 acre parcel for construction of house. Project included testing of small site on property, evaluation of remains of old house, recommendations for avoidance of resources. Cultural Resource Survey ofthe Alvarado Apartments Project, San Diego, CA Cultural resources survey of 9.9 acre developed property for edevelopment of apartment complex. Project included survey and eport of negative findings. Representative Projects Monitoring for the San Dieguito Lagoon Restoration Project, Del Mar, City of San Diego, CA Monitoring for the Arbor Terrace Project, North Park, City of San Diego, CA Monitoring for a Portion ofthe West Clusters Development Grading, Black Mountain Ranch, San Diego, CA Monitoring for the Veterinary Specialty Hospital Grading, Sorrento Valley, San Diego, CA Monitoring for AAA Office, Mission Valley, San Diego, CA Monitoring for Camino Del Sur and Lusardi Creek Bridge Grading, Black Mountain Ranch, San Diego, CA Monitoring for the Egyptian Condominiums, San Diego, CA Monitoring for Construction at MILCON P-634, MCB Camp Pendleton, CA 230 kV Transmission Corridor from Imperial Valley Substation to the International Border, CA Cultural Resources Survey for the Navy SERE Remote Training Site, Warner Springs, CA Cultural Resources Survey for BLM Dulzura Fuel Break, Dulzura, CA Cultural Resources Survey ofa Portion ofthe Golf Training Area, MCB CampPendleton, CA Cultural Resource Survey ofthe Archstone Mission Gorge Development Project, Mission Gorge, City of San Diego, CA Cultural Resource Survey ofthe River Park Equestrian Center, Del Mar, City of San Diego, CA Cultural Resources Survey for Chula Vista Bayfront Master Plan EIR, Chula Vista, CA Cultural Resources Survey for Santee Town Center Specific Plan Amendment, Santee, CA Cultural Resource Survey and Building Evaluation ofthe AMCAL Multi-housing Project, El Centro, CA RECON Carmen Zepeda-Herman, RPA Archaeologist Highlights RPA California BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit Experience: 10 years Education: M.A., Anthropology, San Diego State University Thesis Title: Exchange Networks, Beads, and Social Status among the Historic Kumeyaay B.A., Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley Certifications/ Trainings Certified by the Register of Professional Archaeologists (RPA) Qualified Archaeological Principal Investigator, City of San Diego California BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit No. CA-08-16 Arizona BLM Cultural Resource Use Permit No. AZ-000458 County of San Diego Approved Consultant - Archaeology Riverside County Cultural Sensitivity Training Course, Register No. 240 Experience Summary Ms. Zepeda-Herman is certified by the Register of Professional Archaeologists (RPA) and is responsible for leading and conducting field surveys, test excavations, data recovery excavations, and construction monitoring for cultural resource studies. She conducts background research, site records maintenance and assembles crews for completion of projects. Ms. Zepeda-Herman regulariy works with a range of regulatory and assessment frameworks including National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), California Register of Historic Resources (CRHR), and CEQA. Priorto joining RECON, Ms. Zepeda-Herman was an archaeological project leader for the State of California Department of Parks and Recreation. There she excavated both prehistoric and historic sites. She catalogued and analyzed artifacts recovered from prehistoric shell middens and various historic adobe sites. She performed construction monitoring and historic structure recordation, prepared documentation, and participated in various surveys. Knight and Sun Properties Mitigation Site forthe Black Canyon Road Bridge Replacement Project, San Diego, CA RECON conducted a survey of the proposed mitigation area and implemented a monitoring program for the project to satisfy Caltrans and the County's cultural review requirements in accordance with Section 106 and CEQA. As project supervisor, Ms. Zepeda-Herman conducted the survey and performed monitoring during the excavation for the wetland mitigation site. She coordinated closely with the contractor and the Native American monitor. Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge Cultural Resources Review for Comprehensive Conservation Planning Seal Beach National Wildlife Refuge is located in Orange County and is managed by the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge Complex (SDNWFC). A cultural resources review was prepared to assist the SDNWFC in completing a Comprehensive Conservation Plan and accompanying environmental assessment. Ms. Herman was a co-author for the review. She compiled record search data and reviewed previous cultural resource investigations. She helped identify any data gaps and areas of archaeological sensitivity with the Refuge. RECON Zepeda-Herman, 2 Regional Research Design for the Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach Detachment Fallbrook The purpose of this research design is to provide Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach, Detachment Fallbrook with a reasonable foundation for future management decisions regarding cultural resources studies on Detachment Fallbrook property. Ms. Herman co-authored the research design. Relevant research issues included settlement systems and subsistence economy, land use and distribution in particular with the bedrock milling features and their spatial relations. Historic themes included ranching, transportation, and military history. Eastern San Diego County Draft RMP/EIS, BLM El Centro Field Office, CA In support ofthe Resources Management Plan, Ms. Zepeda- Herman conducted a site analysis and review for 25,000 acres of BLM lands within the Eastern San Diego Management Plan area. She created a site attribute table for over 600 sites using site forms and a GIS database. The data was incorporated into BLM's cultural resources database with standardized attribute values that can be easily queried. Knight and Sun Properties Mitigation Sites for the Black Canyon Road Bridge Replacement Project, Escondido, CA Ms. Zepeda-Herman completed a cultural resource survey of approximately 1.23 acres. The record search identified two cultural resources within or adjacent to the APE. No cultural material was noted within the APE. Emery Road Realignment, County of San Diego, CA Ms. Zepeda-Herman completed a cultural resource survey of approximately 0.14 mile of Emery Road with a 100-foot buffer. Recorded one new cultural resource within the APE and as result of proposed impacts, a test excavation program was implemented in orderto determine the significance ofthe archaeological site. Ten shovel test pits were excavated and APE was surface collected. Based on the results of the excavations, the site was determined to be significant and data recovery program was recommended to mitigate the impacts ofthe project. Jacumba Airport Project, San Diego, CA Ms. Zepeda-Herman completed the survey of a one-acre lot proposed for a new building and the perimeter ofthe airport in order to determine the impacts of the installation of a security fence. The purpose was to give guidance in project design and citing of projects at the airport. Two previously recorded sites and two newly recorded sites were identified. A footprint location for the new building to avoid impacts to the cultural resources and construction monitoring forthe building and the fence installation were recommended. RECON Zepeda-Herman, 3 Jamacha Blvd., Improvements, Phase 2 Project, San Diego, CA Ms. Zepeda-Herman surveyed the project area with a 300 foot buffer around the centeriine of Jamacha Blvd. One cultural resource recorded within the project area was not relocated but had been tested numerous times and determined not to have a subsurface deposit and not significant under CEQA. One historic rock feature was recorded and determined not significant under CEQA. There were no associated artifacts to date the site. The proposed project would not result in significant impacts to cultural resources. Pump Station 45 Historic Assessment, San Diego, CA Ms. Zepeda-Herman completed an on-foot survey and archival research at local historical societies and the public library for Pump Stations 28, 29, and 45. The three pump stations were evaluated for significance at the local and state level. PS45 was determined not eligible for listing at any level. PS 28 and PS 29 were determined not eligible for listing on the California Register but were found significant at the local level due to their association with Camp Callan established during WWII. Otay Valley Regional Park Trails Project, San Diego, CA RECON implemented a monitoring program for the OVRP trail system improvements project to satisfy the County's cultural review requirements in accordance with CEQA. As archaeology monitor, Ms. Zepeda-Herman performed monitoring during the excavation for the wetland mitigation site, three staging areas, four river crossings, and the bridge at Poggi Creek; grading for trails; and digging for fence post holes. She coordinated closely with the contractor and the Native American monitor. Sweetwater River Phase III Trail Project, San Diego, CA The proposed project is a multi-use trail (pedestrian, equestrian, and bicycle) approximately one mile in length that will be part ofthe planned trail system extending east from 1-805 to a loop trail around the Sweetwater Reservoir. The current trail project is located within the Sweetwater Valley Regional Park (SVRP).Ms. Zepeda-Herman performed a cultural resources survey in accordance with the requirements of the County of San Diego and CEQA to identify any potential impacts to significant cultural resources. This entailed review of archival information from the South Coastal Information Center at SDSU and completion of a pedestrian survey along the existing trail. Lake Morena County Park Pacific Crest Trail Staging Area Project, San Diego, CA The project, located within the Lake Morena County Park, involved developing a staging area adjacent to the park campground for users ofthe nearby Pacific Crest Trail. Improvements included a parking area, several campsites, a picnic area, and a group fire pit. Ms. Zepeda-Herman implemented a cultural resources monitoring RECON Zepeda-Herman, 4 program in accordance with the requirements of the County of San Diego and Section 106 ofthe National Historic Preservation Act to avoid any adverse effects to buried historic properties during construction. Mission to Miguel 230-kV Transmission Line Project, San Diego, CA Ms. Zepeda-Herman conducted a cultural resources survey and reporting for this 230-kV transmission line access road. The route follows existing transmission lines within an existing SDG&E utility easement for approximately 35 miles and extends through the Cities of El Cajon, Santee, and San Diego, and a portion of U.S. Marine Corps Air Station Miramar. The cultural resource investigation was undertaken to satisfy the conditions of project approval, regarding cultural resources, as requested by the California Public Utilities Commission and as identified in CEQA. Cultural Resource Evaluation of Site CA-SDI-7240, Sycamore Canyon, BLM South Coast/Palm Springs Field Office, CA RECON completed fieldwork involving documentation and significance testing of a large Late Prehistoric archaeological site near the community of Dulzura. A portion ofthe site had been inadvertently graded during fire suppression activities and was re- examined to determine its eligibility for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. Ms. Zepeda-Herman completed a record search and summarized previous investigations ofthe immediate project area. San Elijo Lagoon Nature Center Archaeological Monitoring and Feature Excavation, San Diego, CA As lead archaeologist for this County of San Diego project, Ms. Zepeda-Herman is responsible for archaeological monitoring for the removal of the existing one-story visitor center, trailer, and storage shed and replacement ofthe center with a new, two-story nature center complex. She served as project supervisor during the hearth feature excavation. This monitoring and feature excavation effort supported the County's responsibilities under CEQA to incur no significant impacts to cultural resources in the implementation ofthe proposed project. Agua Caliente Pool and Campsite Improvements Archaeological Monitoring and Test Excavations, San Diego, CA Ms. Zepeda-Herman is serving as project supervisor for this County of San Diego Department of Parks and Recreation project in the Anza-Borrego Desert Recreation Area. She is responsible for coordinating the archaeological and Native American monitoring and test excavations. The project was undertaken as a mitigation measure in accordance with the requirements ofthe County to avoid significant impacts to cultural resources under CEQA. RECON ATTACHMENT 2 Letter from Native American Heritage Commission RECON 1/lZ/ZOlO 14:48 FAi 918 857 5390 NAHC lfi|001/004 NATIVE AMERICAN HERITAGE COMMISSION SIS CAPnOL MALL, ROOM 98< SACRAMBNTo, CA enu (916)«»«S1 Fm(8l6)aS7-SSM Wfab aita www.nahe.eB ^ov diLnaiie0|Meb«ir.nal August 12, 2010 AUG 12 2010 Mr Harry Price RECON ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. 1927 Fifth Avenue San Diego, CA 92101 Sent by FAX TO: 619-30&^334 No. of Pages: 4 Re: Request for a Sacred Lands File Search and Native American Contacts list for the 'Rancho Milagro Project;" located in northwestem San Diego Courrty, Califomia Dear Mr. Price: The Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC), the State of California Tmstee Agency' forthe protection and preservation of Native American cultural resources. The NAHC SLF search, did not Indicate the presence of Native American cultural resources wrthin one-half mile ofthe proposed prpject site (APE). However, there are numerous Native American cultural resources in dose proximity to the APE. Also, this letter includes state and federal statutes relating to Native American historic properties of religious and cultural significance to American Indian tribes and interested Native American individuals as 'consulting parties' under both state and federal law. State law also addresses the freedom of Native American Religious Expression in Public Resources Code §6097.9. The California Environmental Quality Act (CE(]|A- CA Public Resources Code 21000-21177, amendments effective 3/18/2010) requires that any project that causes a substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource, that includes archaeological resources, is a 'significant effect* requiring the preparation of an Environmental impact Report (EIR) perthe CEQA Guidelines defines a significant impact on the environment as 'a substantial, or potentially substantial, adverse change in any of physical conditions within an area affected by the proposed project, including ...objects of historic or aesthetic significance.' in orderto compiy with this provision, the lead agency is required to assess whether the project will have an adverse impact on these resources within the 'area of potential affect (APE), and if so, to mitigate that effect. Eariy consultation with Native American tribes in your area is the best way to avoid unanticipated discov«ies once a project is underway. Culturally-affiliated tribes and individuals may have knowledge ofthe reHgious and cultural significance ofthe historic properties in the praject area (e.g.APE). We strongly recommend that you contact persons on the attached list of Native American contacts to determine ifthe proposed project may harm a cultural resource. Furthermore we suggest that you contact the Califomia Historic Resources Infonnation System (CHRIS) for pertinent archaeological data within or near the APE, at the Office of Ua/12/ZUlO 14:48 fAA 818 857 5380 NAHC iaUU2/U04 Historic Preservation Coordinator's office (at 916-653.7278, fbr refenal to the nearest infbrmation Center of which there are 10. Consultation with trib^ and interested Native American consulting parties, on the I^HC list, should be conducted In compliance with the requirements of federal NEPA (42 U.S.C 4321- 43351) and Section 106 and 4(f) of ftederal NHPA (16 U.S.C. 470 etseq). 36 CFR Part 800.3 (f) (2), the President's Council on Environmental Quality (CSQ, 42 U.S.C 4371 etseq. and NAGPRA (25 U.S.C. 3001-3013) as appropriate. The 1992 Secretary afthe Intenors Standards fbrthe TrBatn^nt af Historic Properties were revised so ttiat they could be applied to all historic resource types includeci in the National Register of Historic Places and including cultural landscapes. Also, Public Resources Code Section 5097.98 and Health & Safety Code Section 7050.5 provide for provisions for accidentelly discovered archeological resources during constaiction and mandate tiie processes to be followed in the event of an accidental discovery of any human remains in a project tocation other than a 'dedicated cemetery'. To be effiective, consultation on specific projects must be the result of an onoolna relationshio between Native Annerican tribes and lead agencies, project proponents and their contractors, in the opinion oftiie NAHC. Regarding tribal consultetion, a relationship built around regular meetings and 'informal involvement with local tribes will lead te more qualitative consultatton tribal input on specific projects. Also, the 2006 SB 1059 the state enabling legislation to the Federal Energy Poiicy Act of 2005. does mandate tribal consultetion forthe 'electiic transmission conidors. This is codified in the Califomia Public Resources Code. Chapter 4.3, and §25330 to Division 15, requires consultation with Califomia Native American tribes, and identifies both federally recognized and non-federally recognized on a Bst maintained by the NAHC. Consultatton wfth Native Amencan communities is also a matter of environmentel justice as defined by Cafifomia Govemment Code §65040.12(e). The response to this search for Native American cuKural resource is conducted in the NAHC Sacred Lands Inventory, estebllshed by the Califbrnia Legislature (C^ Public Resources Code 5097.94(3) and is exempt firom the CA Public Records Act (cf. Califomia Govemment Code 6254.10) although Native Americans on the atteched contect list may wish to reveal tiie nature of identified cultural resources/historic properties. Confidentiality of "historic properties of religious and cultural signfficance' may aiso be protected under Section 304 of he NHA or at tiie Secretery of the Interior discretton if not eligible for listing on tiie National Register of Historic Places. The Secretary may also be advised by tiie federal Indian Religious Freedom Act (cf. 42 U.S.C, 1996) in issuing a decision on whetiier or not to disclose items of religious and/or cultural signrficance identified in or near tiie APE and possibility tiireatened by proposed project activity. if you have any questions about this response to your request, piease do not hesitate to ivHadUme atl916) 653-62 }avesihc Program < Attechment: Native American Contact List 08/12/2010 14:46 FAX 918 657 5390 NAHC 1003/004 Native American Contacts San Diego County August 12, 2010 'auma & Yuima Christobai C. Devers, Chairperson ^.0. Box 369 lojiseno 'auma Valley CA 92061 ?aumareservatlon@aol.com 760) 742-1289 760) 742-3422 Fax Pauma Valley Band of Luisefio Indians Bennae Caiac, Tribal Council Member P.O. Box 369 Luiseno Pauma Valiey CA 92061 bennaecalac@aol.com (760) 617-2872 (760) 742-3422 - FAX 'echanga Band of Mission Indians 'aul Macarro. Cultural Resource Center '.O.Box 1477 Luiseno Temecula < CA 92593 ymacarro® pechanga-nsn. 951) 308-9295 Ext 8106 951)676-2768 951)506-9491 Fax an Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians lenry Contreras. Most Ukely Descendant 763 Chapulin Lane Luiseno allbrook . CA 92028 '60) 728-6722 - Home '60) 908-7625 - Ceil San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians Carmen Mojado, Co-Chair 1889 Sunset Drive Luiseno Vista , CA 92081 cJmoJado®slrniis8lonlndian8. (760) 724-8505 (760) 724-2172-FAX (760) 917-1736-cell Kupa Cultural Center (Pala Band) Shasta Gaughen, Assistant Director 3S00a Pala-Temecuia Rd.PMB Box LulsenO Pala , CA 92059 cupa@palatribe.com (760) 891-3590 (760) 742-4643 - FAX »an Luis Rey Band of Misston Indians Itussell Romo 12064 Old Pomerado Road 'oway , CA 92064 858)748-1586 Luiseno La Jolla Band of Mission Indians ATTN: Rob Roy,Environmental Director 22CX)0 Highway 76 Luiseno Pauma Valley CA 92061 i^oila-sherry®aol.oom and (760) 742-3790 (760) 742-1704 Fax mia list Is Gurremonty as ofttw data ortMs dooumem., risMbutlen of tMa IM doea not idtove any paraon of autulory reaponalblllty aa daflned In Section 70605 of the Haalih fala^ Codo, Secaon 5097M of Itie PubHc Raaoureaotede and CacHon 5007.98 of the Publte Alao, IBdeial NaUonal CnvlfoninenW Policy Act (NEPA), National HMorlcPraaoivaiion Act Sectton 106 and fad iral NAGPRA. And 36 CPR Pan 800.3. 'hia llei la only applicable lor cenlMilns loeal Native Anierioans for ceneuHation pwposea Willi taneho Milagro De««lopment Prelect; tocaM in the Oceanalde, nofthweetam San Dlego County, CaiHomia for wMeh a leave American Contacts list were requested. Impact by the Landa File ©004/004 _ 08/12/2010 14:48 FAX 916 657 5390 NAHC Native American Contacts San Oiego County August 12, 2010 Mel Vemon, Chairperson San Luis Rey Band of Mission Indians 1044 Nortii Ivy Street Luiseno Escondido > CA 92026 melvern@aol.coni (760) 746-8692 (760) 703-1514-cell TMe list le current only as of the dete ol itile docuRiem. DIatribiitlon ot thia list doea rtot ratteve eny pmnon of stattflory reeponefbittty sc dcHned In Secdon 7050.5 o( The Heatth and Safaty Coda, SaelionS0«7.94 of lha Puuicltoaowoea Coda and SaelionS087.9« of the PubHc Reaources Code. Aleo, federal National EtwUtwinmital Polley Act(NepA>, National Htoonc Prgaarvatk>n Act. SecMon 106 and fad eralNAGPRA. And 36 CPR Part OOas. Thia litt la only appHeaUa for coritaellna local Native Anwrieana for coneultatlon purpoaas whh ra^^ ftanehoMllaBroPawleprnai* Proiact; located In the Ocaanalda,northweBletii Ban Otieg^ Native American Contacts itat wera requasiad. CONFIDENTIAL ATTACHMENTS Are not for public review RECON