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HomeMy WebLinkAboutRP 00-17; KFC Taco Bell; Redevelopment Permits (RP) (8)CIVIL ENGINEERING • LAND SURVEYING FRANK A. SLINKARD RECEIVEO 2/13/2001 FEB 20 2001 ^•x. . ^ ^ CITYOFCARLSBAD City of Carlsbad HOUSING & REDEVELOPMENT Engineering Department DEPARTMENT Cartsbad, Ca. Gentlemen, I have review the storm drainage on the existing site and the proposed reconstruction for the Taco Bell Site at 745 Carlsbad Village Dr. in the City of Carlsbad. I found that the impervious surface area on the existing site Is approx. 16.040 sq.ft. compared to the 14.400 sq. ft. on the proposed reconstruction. This means that the proposed reconstruction will decrease the storm runoff from this site. Therefore, the existing down stream facilities will not be adversely affected by this reconstruction. It wili actually decrease the load on those facilities. Sincerely Jfijfry L. Hendricks. RCE 200320thStraat Bakar»fiaW.CA 03301 t681)32M838 Fax(681)326^21 WUCOLS PROJECT WATER USE CLASSIFICATION OF LANDSCAPE SPECIES L R. Costello UNIVERSITY OF CAUFORNIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION K. S. Jones UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION PURPOSE To provide guidance to landscape professionals in selecting and maintaining plants based on their irrigation water requirements. 11 r PERSPECTIVE This project was initiated and funded by the Water Conservation Office of the California Department of Water Resources. The work was pertormed by the University of California Cooperative Extension (San Francisco and San Mateo County Office) in cooperation with 32 participating landscape professionals Work began in January, 1991 and was completed in February 1992 INTENDED USE The WUCOLS list is intended solely as a guide to help landscape professionals identify irrigation water needs of landscape species. It can be used either for the selection of species when designing hydrozones, or to assist in developing irrigation schedules for existing landscapes. It is not intended to be used as a "required", "mandatory", "approved" or "master" list by local, regional, or statewide governments, government agencies, or water authorities for the selection of plant species. This list should not be used in part or in entirety to restrict species selection to only those species listed here. The evaluations of irrigation water requirements should not be considered absolute and are not intended to be used as such, i.e., the user is not "required" to use these evaluations. If the user has reason to believe that an evaluation made for a species is not appropriate, then the species could be reclassified to reflect the user's assessment. Ill TABLE OF CONTENTS I. PROJECT PARTICIPANTS II. INTRODUCTION Rationale Objectives Applications III. THE EVALUATION PROCESS Method Species List Preliminary Evaluations Sources of Information Coordinating Committee Regions Committees Committee Meetings Standard Conditions Categories of Water Requirements Making Assignments IV. THE LIST How to Read the List Limitations Information to Consider V. EVALUATIONS Trees Shrubs Ground Covers Perennials, Ferns, Grasses, and Bulbs VI. REFERENCES VII. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS VIII. SPECIES EVALUATIONS IV PROJECT PARTICIPANTS Project Leader: Project Coordinator: Coordinating Committee: Regional Evaluation Committees: L. R. Costello, Environmental Horticulture Advisor University of California Cooperative Extension San Mateo and San Francisco Counties K. S. Jones, Horticulture Associate University of California Cooperative Extension San Mateo and San Francisco Counties Nelda Matheny, HortScience, Inc. James MacNair, MacNair and Associates Ed Perry, UC Cooperative Extension Bob Perry, Perry and Associates Mike MacCaskey, Sunset Magazine Don Hodel, UC Cooperative Extension North Central Coast Barrie D. Coate, Horticultural Consultant; Barrie D. Coate & Associates, Los Gatos Laurence R. Costello, Horticulture Advisor; UC Cooperative Extension, San Mateo and San Francisco Counties Katherine S. Jones, Horticulture Associate; UC Cooperative Extension, San Mateo and San Francisco Counties James MacNair, Horticultural Consultant; MacNair & Associates, Glen Ellen Nelda Matheny, Horticultural Consultant; Hort Science, Inc., Pleasanton Linda Novy, President & C.E.O.; Gardener's Guild, Inc., San Rafael Richard Sealana, Land Management Consultant; Sealana Associates, Fremont Dan Sheehy, Area Manager; Cagwin & Dorward, Inc., Novato Central Vallev Fred Allen, Landscape Architect; City of Modesto Ralph Carhart, Landscape Architect; CalTrans, Division of Maintenance, Sacramento Ann Chandler, Owner; Cornflower Farms Nursery, Elk Grove Pam Elam, Farm Advisor; UC Cooperative Extension, Fresno Larry Fitzgerald, Container Production Manager; Oki Nursery, Sacramento Gary Hickman, Farm Advisor; UC Cooperative Extension, San Joaquin County Ed Perry, Farm Advisor; UC Cooperative Extension, Stanislaus County Lance Walheim, Horticultural Consultant; Exeter South Coastal Randy Baldwin, General Manager; San Marcos Growers, Santa Barbara Scott Molentin, Landscape Architect; Estrada Land Planning, San Diego Wesley A. Humphrey, Horticultural Consultant, Fallbrook Frederick M. Lang, Landscape Architect; South Laguna Lynn Ocone, Garden Writer; Sunset Magazine, Los Angeles VI Rick Mosbaugh, President; Statice Landscape Inc., Los Angeles Ray Sodomka, Owner; Turk Hesselund Nursery, Montecito Tom Larson, Sales Manager and Executive Vice-President; Sea Tree Nursery, Irvine South Inland Mike Evans, Partner; Tree of Life Nursery, San Juan Capistrano Michael MacCaskey, Garden Writer; Sunset Magazine, Los Angeles L. K. Smith, Landscape Architect; Newbury Park Kenneth K. Kammeyer, Landscape Architect; Kammeyer & Associates, Corona Hiqh & Low Desert Ronald L. Baetz, Administrative Services Officer; Desert Water Agency, Palm Springs William Deady, Horticultural Consultant; Morongo Valley David Harbison, Water Management Specialist; Coachella Valley Water District, Coachella Eric Johnson, Desert Landscape Consultant; Palm Desert Bob Perry, Landscape Architect; Claremont Vll INTRODUCTION RATIONALE Water conservation is an essential consideration in the design and management of California landscapes. Landscape professionals are challenged to identify and implement effective strategies to conserve water. Although there are many strategies, and many components of each strategy, one important common element is the use of hydrozones*. By grouping plants with similar water needs together, all species in an irrigation zone can be effectively maintained at one level of irrigation. This avoids or limits the need to overwater some species in order to maintain others in the same location whose water requirements are higher, a practice which wastes water and can lead to root disease in many species. Conversely, some species may be undenvatered to meet the lower requirements of other species, which may result in water stress and poor performance. Hydrozones save water and maintain plant health by matching irrigation supply with species requirements. To create effective hydrozones, however, planners and managers need to know the irrigation needs of our many landscape species. It is well recognized that species vary considerably in water needs: some have a high demand (e.g., birch and dogwood) while others are very low (e.g., olive and redbud). Although we have substantial information regarding water needs of turf (Gibeault, 1985), we have very limited information on woody and herbaceous species. Specifically, field studies have quantified irrigation requirements for six groundcover species (Pittenger,1990) and three tree species (Hartin, 1991). Considering that well over 1,000 tree, shrub, groundcover, vine, and perennial species are available from California nurseries, more information is needed to select species for hydrozones. Since field studies will not likely be the source of such information (few species are expected to be evaluated in the next five to ten years), other sources of information need to be considered. It was recognized that substantial information of an observational nature exists in this regard: many knowledgeable and experienced landscape professionals have "in-the-field" observations of the relative water needs of landscape species. It was thought, therefore, that by using consistent evaluation methods, these observations could be collected to generate reasonable assessments of species. Although it is acknowledged that objective field data is generally more useful information than subjective assessments, it was reasoned that some subjective information regarding the 99+ percent of landscape species that have not been field tested is better than no information. In fact, such subjective assessments are often very useful even when objective data exists. It was based on this rationale that the (WUCOLS) Water Use Classification of Landscape Species Project was initiated. * A hydrozone is a portion of a landscaped area having plants with similar water needs that are served by one irrigation vaive, or set of valves with the same schedule. OBJECTIVES 1) To evaluate landscape species for irrigation water needs using "standard" methods and conditions. "Standard" meaning that the same evaluation methods were used for all species, and plant site conditions were the same for all evaluations. 2) To compile the evaluations into a useful guide for plant selection. 3) To develop a computer program designed to select or sort species by water needs, vegetation types, and climatic region. APPLICATIONS 1) To assist landscape architects, designers, and planners in creating effective hydrozones for new projects. 2) To assist landscape managers in the evaluation of water needs for existing plantings to create schedules that match species needs; or provide options for changing species composition to reduce variation in water needs within plantings. IMPORTANT NOTE: Species selection is only one part of designing and maintaining effective hydrozones. Information on soil chemical and physical properties (salinity, depth, water holding capacity, etc.), irrigation system performance (application rate, efficiency, etc.) and microclimates is needed as well to achieve the benefits of hydrozoning. THE EVALUATION PROCESS METHOD Subjective evaluations of irrigation water needs of landscape species were made using a standardized format. Evaluations were based on the experience and observations of project participants, as well as limited research information. Standard conditions for each species to be evaluated were established by a coordinating committee, and the same evaluation process was used by eacli of six regional evaluation committees. Details of this process are outlined in the following sections. SPECIES LIST A comprehensive species list was initially compiled from fifteen California wholesale growers and brokers catalogs. Over 900 species (trees, shrubs, groundcovers, vines and perennials) were included. The list was subsequently expanded by the regional committees and now includes over 1100 species. PRELIMINARY EVALUATIONS Current horticultural literature (see below) was used to research recommendations of species water needs. Species were assigned to preliminary categories of high, moderate and low water use. Few authors use precise terminology when describing water use. Instead, general words that describe frequency of irrigations (periodic, monthly, etc.) or quantity of water applied (ample, generous, little) or soil and atmospheric conditions (moist, wet, dry) or ability to withstand periods of less than normal watering (drought tolerant, drought resistant) are used. Therefore, preliminary assignments of species to water requirement categories were simply based on an interpretation of these various terms and phrases. The list was reviewed and added to by the six regional evaluation committees and preliminary evaluations of water needs were changed as decided by committee consensus. SOURCES OF INFORMATION FOR PRELIMINARY EVALUATIONS Success List of Water Conserving Plants. Saratoga Horticultural Foundation, San Martin, Ca., 1983 Feldman. F., and Fogle, C. Ed., Sunset Waterwise Gardening. Lane Publishing Company, Menio Park, Ca., 1989. Sunset Book and Magazine Editors, Sunset Western Garden Book. Menlo Park, Ca., 1990. Perry, R., Trees and Shrubs for Drv California Landscapes. Land Design Publishing, San Dimas, Ca., 1987. Coate, B., Water-Conserving Plants and Landscape of the Bav Area. East Bay Municipal Utility District, Alamo, Ca., 1990. Relative Water Reguirements of Commonly Used Plants. Sacramento Water Use Ordinance. Pittenger, D. R., Can You Save Water With Ground Covers?. Environmental Horticulture Newsletter, 1990. Beutel, J., Saving Water in Home Orchards. - U.C. Leaflet 2975, 1977. Nursery catalogs (1990) with water designations: Boething, S&S Seeds, Hines, El Modeno and Bordiers. COORDINATING COMMITTEE A statewide coordinating committee was established to develop standard conditions for evaluations, identify appropriate water use categories, determine regions within the state which represent differing climatic conditions, and select appropriate members for regional evaluation teams. This committee consisted of six members (listed under "Project Participants"). REGIONS Since there are substantially different climate zones in California, six regions representing different climatic conditions were identified by the coordinating committee: Region 1 North/Central Coastal (California Climate Zones 14, 15, 16, and 17 [see U.C. Publication 3328, Generalized Plant Climate Map of California]), Region 2 Central Valley (zones 8, 9 and 14), Region 3 South Coastal (zones 22, 23 and 24), Region 4 South Inland Valleys and Foothills (zones 18, 19, 20 and 21), Region 5 High Desert (zone 11) and Region 6 Low Desert (zone 13). The following is a list of some cities that characterize each region: WUCOLS REGIONS NORTH/CENTRAL COASTAL CENTRAL VALLEY HIGH DESERT Concord Auburn Apple Valley Cupertino Bakersfield Barstow Healdsburg Chico Bishop Livermore Coalinga Boulder City Los Altos Hills Fresno China Lake Napa Los Banos Gorman Novato Marysville Independence Oakland Merced Joshua Tree Petaluma Modesto Lancaster Salinas Red Bluff Lone Pine San Francisco Redding Mojave San Jose Roseville Olancha San Luis Obispo Sacramento Palmdale Santa Cruz Stockton Pear Blossom Santa Rosa Tracy Tehachapi Visalia Victorville SOUTH COASTAL S. INLAND VALLEY LOW DESERT Anaheim Altadena Borrego Springs Camarillo Azuza BIythe Fallbrook Chino Brawley Fullerton Corona Coachella Irvine Covina Desert Center Laguna Beach El Monte Desert Hot Springs La Mesa Escondido Death Valley Long Beach Hemet El Centro Los Angeles Ojai Indian Wells Mission Viejo Pasadena Indio Oxnard Perris Jacumba Santa Ana Pomona Needles Santa Barbara Ramona Palm Desert San Diego Riverside Palm Springs San Juan Capistrano San Bernardino Rancho Mirage Santa Monica San Fernando Thermal Ventura Santa Paula Vista Simi Valley Whittier Sun City Thousand Oaks Van Nuys Woodland Hills (NOTE: If a city is not listed and is located in zone 14 which overlaps regions 1 and 2, it will be necessary to decide, for example, if the city is more similar to Petaluma (coastal influence) or Sacramento Valley. If a city is located In zones 1, 2, 3, and 7 (mainly high elevation, cold winter areas) which were not evaluated, an estimate may be made by looking at all the evaluations for the species in question.) COMMITTEES It was recognized that a singie statewide committee would have difficulty evaluating species water needs in all six regions. Therefore, committees were established in each region consisting of from 5 to 9 members. Members were selected on the basis of their horticultural knowledge, familiarity with the region, and experience in the landscape industry. Attempts were made to include 2representatives of the various landscape professions: contractors, consultants, architects, nurserymen, park supervisors, irrigation specialists, and academics. COMMITTEE MEETINGS Each regional committee met for a two day period to review the project rationale, the evaluation process and standard conditions. Most of the time was devoted to evaluating each species on the preliminary list and making water needs assignments. STANDARD CONDITIONS The following conditions were applied to all species evaluations: 1) Established Plants. Irrigation water needs were assessed for plants that had become "established" in the landscape. "Established" meaning that substantial root development had occurred in the landscape soil adjacent to the rootball. The time for establishment varies among species but generally occurs by the second or third year after planting. After establishment, roots of trees, shrubs, groundcovers, etc., become intertwined in the soil, creating a common rootzone. 2) Reference ET Conditions. Evaluations were made for plants occumng in areas equivalent to those used for reference evapotranspiration conditions (ETJ, i.e., open field (full sun) with no extraordinary winds, no shading from nearby structures or plants, and no heat inputs from nearby sources such as buildings, pavements, or reflective suriaces. As an exception, shade requiring species (e.g., Japanese aucuba) were evaluated for shade conditions. Plants that can be used in either sun or shade (e.g., ivy) were evaluated for full sun. (For more information on reference evapotranspiration conditions refer to UCCE Leaflet # 21426.) 3) Good Qualitv. Plant performance can vary substantially depending on the amount of water supplied. Small amounts may simply prevent the dehydration of plant tissues (i.e., survival amounts), but appearance is likely to be affected. Increasing amounts may improve appearance (leaf color, canopy density or fullness) but may not be enough to promote grov\rth. More water may be sufficient to maintain good appearance and support typical (average) growth for the species (and flower or fruit production if desired). Still more water may result in excessive growth; while more water may cause decline (typically from root disease) in certain species. Since both appearance and some growth (not excessive) are important in most landscapes, WUCOLS evaluations were made to provide sufficient water for the species to be maintained as such, i.e., in good condition. This is somewhat difficult to evaluate precisely for some species, however, so whenever a question was raised as to whether a species required a greater or lesser amount of water to maintain good quality, the higher evaluation (i.e., more water) was assigned. 4) Groundwater Not Available. Although many species of plants develop root systems deep enough to extract groundwater (e.g., valley oak), groundwater is not available in all planting sites. A species capable of extracting groundwater may not be able to do so because the water is simply not available. Therefore, evaluations were made for conditions where the only sources of water were rainfall and irrigation. In areas where groundwater is available and a species is known to utilize groundwater, then adjustments in irrigation scheduling should be made for that species (or group of species). 5) Plants Must be "Irrioatable". In some cases the soil surface may be sealed around plants (particularly trees) by pavements or other surface barriers. This inhibits the infiltration of water into the rootzone. In other cases the soil volume capable of holding water may be so small and may dry so rapidly that It may be difficult to maintain available water in the rootzone. In either case, the amount of water identified as being needed to maintain good quality may not be sufficient simply because the plant is not "irrigatable". Evaluations made here assume as a standard condition that the species can be irrigated, i.e., the water applied can enter and be held in the rootzone sufficiently long for uptake. CATEGORIES OF WATER REQUIREMENTS Species were classified as high (H) moderate (M), low (L) or very low (VL) in irrigation water requirement. Each classification corresponds to a species factor (kJ range as follows: High 0.7 - 0.9 Moderate 0.4 - 0.6 Low 0.1 - 0.3 Very low <0.1 The range of k, values assigned for each water use category was derived from U.C. Leaflet 21493, which is based on extrapolations from agricultural research data and from limited horticultural research (Pittenger, 1990 and Hartin, 1991). The species factor is used in the following equation to estimate a landscape coefficient (KJ: K^ = K X k, X k,, where k^j = density factor k^c = microclimate factor The derivation of this equation and a description of the method is contained in U.C. Leaflet 21493. The landscape coefficient is used to estimate water needs for a planting using the equation: ET, = K, X ET, where ET, = landscape evapotranspirational water loss ETQ = reference evapotranspiration The landscape coefficient is a functional equivalent of the crop coefficient used for turfgrass and agricultural crops. By assigning a species to a water use category (H, M, L or VL), an estimate of water needed to replace evapotranspiration losses can be obtained. For example, if a species is evaluated as being in the "moderate" category, then k, would range from 0.4 to 0.6. If no adjustments are needed for density or microclimate (k^ = 1.0 and k,„, = 1.0), then k, = K,, and ET, = k, x ET^ To estimate water losses for a planting of one species (eg., a groundcover) or a hydrozone in the moderate category for the month of July in San Diego, then the following calculations are made: (k^ = 1.0, k„, = 1.0) ETo ^O"" July in San Diego = 4.6 inches (approx.) When k. = 0.4, ETL = 0.4 X 4.6 inches = 1.84 inches. When k, = 0.6, ETL = 0.6 X 4.6 inches = 2.76 inches. Irrigation managers would need to decide whether the species (or hydrozone) needed the lesser (1.84 inches) or the greater (2.76 inches) or some amount in between for the month. Table 1 gives species water requirements (inches per month) for low, moderate, and high categories for cifies in each region for the month of July. NOTE: For species typically planted only in the shade, use a "high range" k, value. For example, for a "moderate" species (k, range of 0.4 to 0.6) use the 0.6 value. This will compensate for the microclimate factor {k„^ adjustment used for shaded areas when calculating the landscape coefficient (KJ. Otherwise, shade will be compensated for twice, in the k. factor and in the k„^ factor. MAKING ASSIGNMENTS Using the categories outlined above, each species was assigned to one water requirement category, as determined by consensus of regional committee. Standard conditions applied for each evaluation. Essenfially, the following quesfion was being addressed: "In order to be maintained in good condition in the region considered and under the standard conditions outlined, does the species need high, moderate, low, or very low amounts of irrigafion water?" Starting with this quesfion, committee members shared their experiences in growing and maintaining the particular species and then made a decision assigning it to one category. When disagreements occurred, the higher water requirement category was assigned. For example, if some evaluators thought the species required a "moderate" ranking, while others thought "low" was appropriate, then the "moderate" assignment was used. In cases where the evaluafion committee did not know the species, or did not have sufficient experience growing it, then no water requirement assignment was made and a quesfion mark (?) was entered for the species. When the species was simply not appropriate for the region (i.e., it doesn't grow there, or it is known not to perform well) then no evaluation was made and a slash (/) was entered for the species. For example, Ocotillo is not grown in the Central Valley and therefore was assigned a (/) for the region. The "very low" category was assigned to species that do not need irrigafion during the summer months during normal rainfall years. When below normal rainfall occurs, then some irrigation might be needed. THE LIST HOW TO READ THE LIST The list includes over 1,100 species of landscape plants idenfified by both botanical name and common name. It is divided into five vegetafion types: Trees Shrubs Groundcovers Vines Perennials, Ferns, Grasses, and Bulbs NOTE: Some species are listed under more than one vegetation type. For example. Crape Myrtle is found under both trees and shrubs. The evaluations for the species remain the same, however, regardless of the number of vegetation types it is listed under. The list also has columns for each of the six geographical regions. Region 1 North/Central Coastal Region 2 Central Valley Region 3 South Coastal Region 4 South Inland Valleys and Foothills Region 5 High Desert Region 6 Low Desert Water need evaluations are listed for each species and in each region. Symbols are defined as follows: H = High M = Moderate L = Low VL = Very Low ? = No experience growing it in the region / = Not appropriate or not grown in the region EXAMPLES: Evaluafions for Acer macrophvllum are as follows: Regions 1 and 3 M (moderate) Regions 2 and 4 H (high) Regions 5 and 6 / (not appropriate) Evaluations for Acacia famesiana are as follows: Regions 1 and 2 ? (don't know it) Regions 3, 4 and 6....L (low) Region 5 / (not appropriate) NOTE: It will be helpful to look at all the evaluations for each species, (i.e., for all six regions) to get a general assessment of irrigation water needs. It is important to be aware of both consistencies and differences among the regional evaluations. LIMITATIONS This list is limited in a number of ways: 1) it is subiective. ie., it is based largely on field observafions rather than scientific data. As such, evaluafions are not definitive and may change as more informafion becomes available. 2) it is a partial list - not all landscape species are included. It Is a large list which includes most plants available from California nurseries, but it does not included all plants. Addifions to the list are expected as new species are introduced or less common species are evaluated. 3) not all regions of California are included in the evaluafions. Extrapolations may be possible from a region evaluated to one that is not. INFORMATION TO CONSIDER WHEN USING THE LIST In several cases, evaluations are not consistent among regions. For example, Laurus nobilis is evaluated as needing "low" amounts of irrigafion water In Regions 1, 2, and 4, while needing "moderate" amounts in Regions 3, 5, and 6. Such differences resulted principally from two factors: 1) regional climafic differences (e.g., species in desert regions were generally evaluated as needing more water than the same species in other regions), and 2) differences in observafions and experience ofthe regional committees. In most cases, variability was largely attributed to climatic differences among regions. Although variafion due to differences among observers could not be eliminated, it was thought to be minimized by the evaluation process, i.e., observations of each committee were 10 pooled to generate a collective evaluation. As such, atypical observafions for the species generally were not likely to consfitute the sole basis for an evaluation. Although some species perform well with little or no irrigafion water, their suscepfibility to insect attack and injury may increase. For example, many Eucalyptus species perform well in non-irrigated conditions in many parts of California. When drought stressed, however, they become suscepfible to attack and injury from the Eucalyptus long-horned borer. This is the case as well for Monterey pine (California five-spined engraver beefie) and white alder (Flatheaded borer). For these species, evaluations were made with consideration given to water stress and pest interactions. For example, although Eucalyptus globulus will perform well in regions 3 and 4 with littie summer water, it was assigned to the "moderate" category to minimize its susceptibility to borer injury. Although deciduous species are not typically irrigated in the winter months, there may be some need to do so in desert regions. Certain species are considered invasive, such as some Cvtisus spp., Spartium spp., and Pennisetum setaceum. Although these plants have been evaluated and are listed here, there is no recommendation implied regarding their appropriateness for a site. Where fruit or flower producfion is an important considerafion In planfing/specifying a species, e.g., citrus, pomegranate, or bougainvillea, then the evaluation was made for an irrigation level that would meet this need. Cultivars are not menfioned, except in a few cases. It is presumed that most culfivars will have the same water requirements as the species. One excepfion, Nandina domestica 'Purpurea', was thought to require more water than the species in three regions. If the cultivar was thought to be more common than the species, such as Lonicera laponica 'Halliana', then the cultivar was listed. Addifions to the list can be made. Submit species names to: WUCOLS PROJECT 625 Miramontes, Ste. 200 Half Moon Bay, California 94019 Submitted names will be sent out for evaluafion by committee members and addifions will be made on an annual basis. 11 REFERENCES BOOKS, PAPERS, SOFTWARE Coate, B., Water-Conserving Plants and landscape of the Bav Area. East Bay Municipal Ufility District, Alamo, Ca., 1990. Cornell University Bailey Hortorium Staff, Hortus third. MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1976. Feldman F., and Fogle C. Ed, Sunset Waten^/ise Gardening. Lane Publishing Company, Menlo Park, Ca., 1989. Irrigafion Management Group, E.T. Calc (irrigafion management software). Union City. 1992. MacNair, James, Estimating water Use and Irrigation Schedules for Ornamental Landscape, presented at the 1992 Northern California Zeriscape Conference Perry, R., Trees and Shrubs for Drv California Landscapes. Land Design Publishing, San Dimas, Ca., 1987. Sunset Book and Magazine Editors, Sunset Western Garden Book. Menlo Park, Ca., 1990. Success List of Water Conserving Plants. Saratoga Horticultural Foundafion, San Martin, Ca., 1983. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PUBLICATIONS 2975 Beutel, J., Saving Water in Home Orchards. 1977 21493 Costello, L R., Matheny N., and Clark, J., Esfimafing Water Reguirements of Landscape Plantings 3328 Generalized Plant ClimateMap of California. 1988 21499 Gibeault, V., Meyer, J., Harivandi, A., Henry, M., Cockerham, S., Managing Turfgrass During Drought. 1991. 21405 Gibeault, V., Turfgrass Water Conservation. 1985. 2976 Harris, R., Coppock, R., Saving Water in Landscape Irrigafion, 1976. 4091 McClintock, E., and Leiser, A., An Annotated Checklist of Woody Ornamental Plants of California. Oregon and Washington. 1979. 12 3276 McClintock, E., Mathias M., and Lewis, L, Ed., An Annotated Checklist of Ornamental Plants of Coastal Southern California. 1982. 21432 Snyder, R., Harivandi, A., Lawn Watering Reguirements Along California's Central Coast. 1988. 21426 Snyder, R., Pruitt, W., and Shaw, D., Determining Dailv Reference Evapotranspirafion (ETJ. 1987. Gibeault, V., Meyer, R., Turfgrass Alternatives With Low Water Needs. California Agriculture, 1989 Hartin, J., Meyer, J., 1991 Research in progress at U.C. South Coast Field Stafion on four landscape tree species. U.C. Cooperafive Extension, San Bernardino County. Hartin, J., Pittenger, D., Suggested Landscape Trees For the San Bernardino Vallev. University of California Cooperative Extension San Bernardino and Riverside Counfies, 1988. Pittenger, D., Can You Save Water With Groundcovers?. Environmental Horticulture Newsletter, 1990. OTHER RESOURCES California Department of Water Resources Water Conservation Office 1416 Ninth Street Sacramento, California 94236-0001 California Irrigation Management Informafion System (CIMIS) California Department of Water Resources Division of Local Assistance P.O. Box 942836 Sacramento, California 94236-0001 University of California Cooperative Extension San Mateo and San Francisco Counties 625 Miramontes St., Ste. 200 Half Moon Bay, California 94019 UC Cooperative Extension - County Offices (Check local phone directory) University of California Publications can be obtained from: ANR Publications University of California 6701 San Pablo Ave. Oakland, California 94608-1239 (415) 642-2431 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to thank all the regional committee members who generously donated their time and talents to the WUCOLS Project. This work is a compendium of their observafions and experience, which was highly impressive in both quaiity and quantity. We also thank the many reviewers who offered valuable ideas and comments. We particularly appreciate the support provided by Linda Hanson (UC Cooperative Extension, San Mateo County office) in the preparafion of the many drafts and copies of this document. Finally, we thank Marsha Prillwitz of the Department of Water Resources for her support, assistance, and encouragement. This project is largely a consequence of her strong interest in providing technical support for landscape irrigafion planners and managers in California. 14 TABLE 1. Irrigation water requirement for species classified as 'low', 'medium', and 'high' in selected cities in California Average July Reference Evapotranspiration Rates (ETo) in Inches per month for selected Califomia locations LOW 0.1 02 03 SPECIES FACTOR (k.) MEDIUM HIGH 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Species water requirement (inches per month)* NORTH CENTRAL COASTAL ETo Novato 59 San Francisco 4.9 Concord 7.0 San Jose 65 Monterey 43 San Luis Obispo 4.6 LOW 0.5 1.1 1.7 0.4 0.9 1.4 0,7 1.4 21 0.6 13 1.9 0.4 0.8 12 0.4 0.9 13 MEDIUM 23 2.9 3J IS 2.4 29 2-8 3.5 42 2JS 32 3.9 1.7 2.1 25 1.8 23 27 HIQH 4.1 4.7 53 3.4 3.9-4.4 45 5.6 63 45 52 5.8 3.0 3.4 3.8 32 3.6 4.1 CENTRAL VALLEY Auburn Sacramento Modesto/Stockton Fresno Bakersfield/Redding ETo 83 8.4 8.1 8.4 65 OS 1.6 24 0-8 1.6 25 0-8 1.6 24 0.8 1.6 25 0-8 1.7 25 33 4.1 4.9 33 42 5.0 32 4.0 4.8 33 42 5.0 3.4 42 5.1 5-8 6.6 7.4 5-8 6.7 75 5.6 6.4 72 5-8 6.7 75 5.9 6.8 7.6 SOUTH COASTAL Santa Barbara Ventura Los Angeles Laguna Beach San Oiego ETo 5-5 5-5 6.6 4.9 4.6 05 1.1 1.6 05 1.1 1.6 0.6 13 1.9 0.4 0.9 1.4 0.4 0.9 13 22 2.7 33 22 2.7 33 2.6 3.3 3.9 1.9 2.4 29 1.8 23 27 3S 4.4 4.9 3-8 4.4 4.9 4.6 52 5.7 3.4 3.9 4.4 32 3.6 4.1 SOUTH INLAND VALLEY San Fernando Pasadena Riverside Ramona San Bernadino ETo 73 7.1 7.9 73 7.9 0.7 12 21 0.7 1.4 21 0.7 1.5 23 0.7 12 21 0.7 1.5 23 2.9 3.6 43 2.8 3.5 42 3.1 3.9 4.7 2.9 3.6 43 3.1 3.9 4.7 5.1 5.8 6^ 4.9 5.6 63 55 63 7.1 5.1 5.8 6-5 5-5 63 7.1 HIGH DESERT Palmdale Lancaster Victorville Bishop IndeperKience ETo 9.9 11.0 112 7.4 9.8 0.9 1.9 29 1.1 22 33 1.1 22 33 0.7 1.4 22 09 1.9 29 3.9 4.9 5.9 4.4 5-5 6.6 4.4 5.6 6.7 2.9 3.7 4.4 35 4.9 5.8 6.9 7.9 8.9 7.7 8.8 9.9 7.8 8910.0 5.1 5.9 6.6 6-8 7.8 8.8 LOW DESERT Palm Springs Coachella Needles El Centro ETo 11.6 123 128 11.6 1.1 23 3.4 12 2.4 3.6 12 25 3.8 1.1 22 3.4 4.6 5.8 6.9 4.9 6.1 73 5.1 6.4 7.6 45 5.7 6.8 ai 92ia4 86 9-811.0 89X121151 75 91102 * Species water requirement - Species Factor x ETo SPECIES EVALUATION 1. North/Central Coastal 2. Central Valley TREES 3. South Coastal 4. South Inland Valley 5. High Desert 6. Low Desert 1 2 3 4 5 6 Abies pinsapo Spanish Fir L / L / 1 Abies spp. Fir M ./ M M 1 1 Acacia abyssinica Abyssinian Acacia / ? / 7 L Acacia aneura Mulga / 7 L 7 1 L Acacia baileyana Bailey Acacia L L L L 1 / Acacia berlandieri Guajilio 7 7 / 7 L Acacia cognate (Asubporosa) Bower Wattle L L M L / Acacia constricta Whitethorn Acacia 7 / 7 L Acacia cultriformis Knife Acacia L L L L / / / L Acacia dealbata Silver Wattle VL L L L / / / L Acacia decurrens Green Wattle VL L L L / / / L Acacia famesiana Sweet Acacia 7 7 L L / / / L Acacia greggii Catclaw Acacia VL L L L L Acacia longifolia Sydney Golden Wattle L L L L , / Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood Acacia VL L L L / Acacia pendula Weeping Acacia L L M M L Acacia salicina Willow Acacia 7 7 L 7 1 M Acacia saligna Blue Leaf Wattle L L L L M Acacia schaffneri Twisted Acacia 7 7 / 7 L Acacia smallii Desert Sweet Acacia 7 7 VL 7 L Acacia stenophyla Eumong 7 L L L 1 L Acacia willardiana Palo Blanco / 7 L 7 1 L Acer circinatum Vine Maple M H / / 1 Acer oblongum Evergreen Maple (Oblongum) M / M M 1 / Acer macrophyllum Big Leaf Maple M H M H 1 / Acer palmatum Japanese Maple M M H H 1 1 Acer paxii Evergreen Maple (Paxii) M 7 M 7 1 I Acer platanoides Norway Maple M M / H 1 1 Acer rubrum Scarlet Red Maple M H H H 1 Acer saccharinum Silver Maple M M / M 1 1 Acer saccharum Sugar Maple M / / / 1 1 Adenostema sparsifolium Red Shanks/ Ribbonwood VL 7 VL VL 1 1 Aesculus californica California Buckeye VL VL VL L 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 Aesculus carnea Red Horsechestnut M M M / / / Agathis australis Australian Agathis/ Kauri M / M 7 / / Agathis robusta Queensland Kauri M / M H / / Agonis flexuosa Peppermint Tree M / L M / / Ailanthus altissima Tree of Heaven VL VL L L L L Albizia julibrissin Silk Tree L L M M M M Alectryon excelsus Alectryon M / M 7 / / Aloe bainesil Baines Aloe 7 VL VL / / / Alnus cordata Italian Alder M M M M / / Alnus rhombifolia White Alder H H H H H / Alnus oregona Oregon Alder H H / / / / Alnus glutinosa Black Alder M M M H / / Angophora costata Gum Myrtle L / L M / / Annona cherimola Cherimoya M / M / / / Araucaria araucana Monkey Puzzle Tree L M / M / / Araucaria bidwilii Bunya-Bunya L M M M / / Araucaria heterophyla Norfolk Island Pine M M M / / / Arbutus 'Marina' Marina Arbutus M L M 7 M M Arbutus unedo Strawberry Tree L L M L M M Arbutus menziesii Madrone VL VL / / / / Archontophoenix cunninghamiana King Palm M M M M / / Arecastrum romanzoffianum Queen Palm L M M M M M Bauhinia blakeana Hong Kong Orchid Tree / / M M / M Bauhinia forficata Brazilian Butterfly Tree / / M M / / Bauhinia variegata Purple Orchid Tree / / M M / M Beaucarnea recurvata Bottle Palm / / L L / L Betula occidentalis Water Birch H / H H / / Betula jacquemontii White Barked Himalayan Birch H H / / / / Betula nigra River/Red Birch H H H H / / Betula pendula European White Birch H M H H / / Brachychiton acerifolius Flame Tree L / M L / / Brachychiton discolor Queensland Lace Bark M / M L / / Brachychiton populneus Bottle Tree L M M L M M Brachychiton rupestris Queensland Bottle Tree / / L L / / Brahea armata Mexican Blue Palm L / L L L L Brahea edulis Guadelupe Palm L / L M L L Butia capitate Pindo Palm L L L L L L Callistemon citrinus Bottle Brush L L M L / M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Callistemon viminalis Weeping Bottle Brush L L M M / M Calocedrus decurrens Incense Cedar M M M M M / Calodendrum capense Cape Chestnut L / M M / / Carpinus betulus 'Fastigiata' European Hornbeam L M / / / / Carya illinoensis Pecan L M M M M M Caryota mitis Clustered Fishtail Palm / / M I / / Caryota urens Fishtail Wine Palm H / M 1 / / Caryota urens Hardy Fishtail Wine Palm H / M H / / Casimiroa edulis White Sapote M / M M / / Cassia leptophylla Gold Medallion Tree L L M M / / Cassia spectabilis (C.exceisa) Crown of Gold Tree L / M M / / Castanospermum australe Moreton Bay Chestnut L / M M / / Casuarina cunninghamiana River She-Oal< L L L M M M Casuarina stricta Coast Beefwood L L L M M M Cataipa speciosa Western Cataipa L M M M M M Cedrus atlantica Atlas Cedar M M L M M M Cedrus deodora Deodar Cedar L M M M M M Celtis australis European Hackberry L M / / M M Celtis occidentalis Common Hackberry L L / 7 M M Celtis reticulata Western Hackberry L / / / M M Celtis sinensis Chinese Hackberry L M / 7 M M Ceratonia siliqua Carob L L L L / L Cercidum floridum Blue Palo Verde VL VL VL L L L Cercidum microphyllum Little Leaf Palo Verde / VL VL L L L Cercidum praecox Sonoran Palo Verde / L VL L L L Cercis canadensis Eastern Redbud M M M M / / Cercis occidentalis Western Redbud VL VL L L / / Chamaerops humilis Mediterranean Fan Palm L L M M M M Chilopsis linearis Desert Willow VL VL VL L M M Chionanthus retusus Chinese Fringe Tree M M M M / / Chitalpa tashkentensis Chitalpa L M M L L M Chorisia insignis White Floss Silk Tree M / M L / M Chorisia speciosa Floss Silk Tree L / M L / M Cinnamomum camphora Camphor Tree M M M M / M Citrus spp. Orange, Lemon etc. M M M M / M Cocculus iaurifolius Laurel Leaf Cocculus M M M M / M Cordia boissieri Texas Olive 7 7 / 7 L L Cordyline australis New Zealand Cabbage Tree L M L M M M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cornus florlda Eastem Dogwood H H H / / / Cornus nuttallii Western Dogwood M M / M / / Corynocarpus laevigata New Zealand Laurel M / H / / / Crataegus spp. Hawthorne M L / M M / Crinodendron patagua Uly-of-the-Valley Tree M / M 7 / / Cryptomeria japonica Japanese Cryptomeria M H H H / / Cupaniopsis anacardioides Carrotwood M / M M / / X Cupressocyparis leylandii Leyland Cypress M M M / M M Cupressus arlzonica var.glabra Smooth Arizona Cypress VL VL L VL L L Cupressus guadalupensis forbesii Tecate Cypress L L L VL / / Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey Cypress M M M / / / Cupressus sempervirens Italian Cypress L L M L M M Dalbergta sissoo Sissoo / / / / / M Dalea spinosa Smoke Tree / L / L / L Diospyros kaki Japanese Persimmon L M M M M M Dodonaea viscosa Hopseed Bush L L L M / M Dracaena draco Dragon Tree L / VL L / / Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive L L L L M M Eryobotrya deflexa Bronze Loquat M M M M / M Eryobotrya japonica Loquat L L M M / M Erythrina americana(E.coralloides) Naked Coral Tree / / L M / / Erythrina caffra Kaffir Bloom Coral Tree / / L L / / Erythrina crista-galli Cockspur Coral Tree M L L L / M Erythrina falcate Coral Tree (Falcate) 7 7 L / / / Erythrina humeana Natal Coral Tree / M L M / / Erythrina sykesii Sykes Coral Tree 7 / L L / / Eucalyptus camaldulensis Red Gum VL L L L M M Eucalyptus campaspe Silver Gimlet 7 L M 7 / M Eucalyptus cinerea Ash Leaved Gum, Silver Dollar Tree VL L L L / / Eucalyptus citriodora Lemon Scented Gum L / M M / M Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar Gum L / L L / / Eucalyptus deglupta Mindinao Gum / / M M / / Eucalyptus erythrocorys Red Cap Gum L L M M / M Eucalyptus ficifolia Red Flowering Gum L L M M / / Eucalyptus globulus Blue Gum L L M M / / Eucalyptus gunnii Cider Gum L VL L L / / Eucalyptus lehmannii Bushy Yate L L M L / 7 Eucalyptus leucoxylon White Ironbark L L L L / M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Eucalyptus maculate Spotted Gum L 7 M M / / Eucalyptus microtheca Coolibah L L L L M M Eucalyptus nicholii Nichol's Willow Leaf Peppermint L L M M M M Eucalyptus polyanthemos Silver Dollar Gum L L L L M M Eucalyptus pulverulenta Silver Mountain Gum L ? M M / M Eucalyptus robusta Swamp Mahogany M L M L M / Eucalyptus rudis Flooded Gum . L L L L M M Eucalyptus sideroxylon Red Iron Bark L L L L M M Eucalyptus spathuiata Swamp Mallee L / L L / M Eucalyptus torquata Coral Gum L L L M / M Eucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum L L L M / M Euphorbia cotinifolia Carribean Copper Plant / 7 M / / / Fagus sylvatica European Beech M H / / / / Feijoa sellowiana Pineapple Guava L L L M / M Ficus auriculata Roxburgh Fig / / M M / / Ficus benjamina Weeping Chinese Banyan / / M / / M Ficus carica Edible Fig M M M M M M Ficus elastica Rubber Plant / / M M / / Ficus macrophylla Moreton Bay Fig / / M H / / Ficus microcarpa Indian Laurel Fig/ Laurel Fig M / M M / M Ficus rubiginosa Rusty Leaf Fig M / M M / / Fraxinus 'Moraine' Moraine Ash M M / M M M Fraxinus americana White Ash M M / / / / Fraxinus latifolia Oregon Ash H H / / / / Fraxinus oxycarpa 'Raywood' Raywood Ash M M M M M M Fraxinus pennsylvanica'Marshal' Green /\sh H M / / M M Fraxinus uhdei Evergreen Ash M M M M H H Fraxinus velutina Arizona Ash M M M M M M Fraxinus velutina 'Modesto' Modesto Ash M M M M M M Geijera parviflora Australian Willow M M L M M M Ginkgo blloba Maiden Hair Tree M M M M M / Gleditsia triacanthos Honey Locust L M M M L L Grevillea robusta Silk Oak L L L M / M Hakea laurina Sea Urchin Tree L L L L / / Harpephyllum caffrum Kaffir Plum M / M M / / Harpullia arborea Harpullia / / M / / / Hymenosporum flavum Sweet Shade M 7 M M / / Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda L M M M / M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Jubaea chilensis Chilean Wine Palm L M M M / 1 Juglans californica S. California Black Walnut L / L L / 1 Juglans nigra Eastern Black Walnut M M / / / 1 Juglans hindsii California Black Walnut M L / L / 1 Juglans regia English Walnut H H M M / 1 Juniperus scopulorum Tolleson' Tolleson's Juniper L L M M M M Juniperus californica California Juniper L L L L L L Koelreuteria biplnnata Chinese Flame Tree M M M M M M Koelreuteria paniculata Golden Rain Tree M M M L M M Laburnum X watereri Golden Chain Tree M M / / / / Lagerstroemla Indica Crape Myrtle L L M M M M Lagunaria patersonii Primrose Tree M / L L / / Laurus nobilis Sweet Bay L L M L M M Leptospermum laevigatum Australian Tea Tree L L L L / / Leptospermum scoparium New Zealand Tea Tree M L M L / / Leucadendron argenteum Silver Tree L 7 L / / / Ligustrum lucidum Glossy Privet L L M M M M LIquldambar styraciflua Sweet Gum M M M M M / Uriodendron tulipifera Tulip Tree M H H M M / LIthocarpus densiflorus Tanbark Oak L 7 L L / / Livlstona australis Australia Fountain Palm 7 7 M M / / Livistona chinensis Chinese Fountain Palm 7 7 M M / / Lophostemon confertus Brisbane Box M / M M / / Lyonothamnus floribunda Catalina Ironwood L ? VL L / / Lysiloma Candida Palo Blanca 7 / L 7 / M Lysiloma thornberi Feather Bush 7 / L 7 / M Macadamia spp. Macadamia M / M M / / Magnolia grandiflora Southern Magnolia M H M M / H Magnolia soulangeana Saucer Magnolia M H H M M / Magnolia stellate Star Magnolia M H H M M / Malus spp. eg.'Robinson' Crabapple M M / M M / Malus spp.(edible) Apple M M M M M / Markhamla hildebrandtii Markhamia / 7 M / / / Maytenus boaria Mayten Tree M M M M / / Melaleuca linarirfolia Flax Leaf Paper Bark L L L L / / Melaleuca nesophila Pink Melaleuca L L L L / / Melaleuca quinquenervia Cajeput Tree L L M M / M Meiia azedarach Chinaberry VL L VL L / M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Metasequoia glyptostroboides Dawn Redwood H H H H / / Metrosideros excelsus New Zealand Christmas Tree L 7 M M / / Michelia doltsopa Michelia M 7 M M / / Morus alba White Mulberry M M M M L M Myoporum laetum Myoporum L M M M / / Neodypsis decaryi Triangle Palm 7 7 M 7 / / Nerium oleander Oleander . L VL L L M M Nyssa sylvatica Sour Gum/Tupelo H M M H / / Oiea europaea Olive VL VL L L M M Olmediella betschieriana Guatemalan Holly M / M M / / Olneya tesota Desert Ironwood / / L / L L Parkinsonia aculeate Mexican Palo Verde/ Jerusalem ThornVL VL L L L L Persea americana Avocado M M M M / / Phoenix canariensis ; Canary Island Date Palm L L L L M M Phoenix dactylifera _ Date Palm L L L L M M Phoenix reclinata Senegal Date Palm / / M M / M Phoenix roebelenii Pigmy Date Palm / / M M / M Phoenix rupicola Cliff Date Palm / / M M / / Photinia X fraseri Fraser Photinia M M M M M M Photinia serrulata Chinese Photinia M M / M M M Picea pungens Colorado Spruce M M / / / / Pinus attenuata Knobcone Pine L 7 L L / / Pinus brutia Calabrian Pine L L L L M M Pinus canariensis Canarian Island Pine L L L M M M Pinus contorta Beach Pine M 7 / / / / Pinus coulteri Coulter Pine L L L L M / Pinus densiflora Japanese Red Pine M M / M / / Pinus edulis Pinyon Pine L / VL L L / Pinus eldarica Eldarica Pine L VL L L M M Pinus halepensis Aleppo Pine L VL L L M M Pinus jeffreyi Jeffrey Pine L L / / / / Pinus monophylla Single Leaf Pinyon Pine L / L L L / Pinus muricata Bishop Pine M L L / / / Pinus nigra Austrian Black Pine M L / M M / Pinus patula Jelecote Pine M M M M M M Pinus pinaster Cluster Pine M L L / / / Pinus pinea Italian Stone Pine L L L L M M Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa Pine L L / L / / 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pinus radiata Monterey Pine L / M M / / Pinus roxburghll Chir Pine M M M M M M Pinus sabiniana Foothill Pine/ Digger Pine L VL VL L / / Pinus sylvestris Scotch Pine M M / M / / Pinus thunbergiana Japanese Black Pine M M M M M M Pinus torreyana Torrey Pine L 7 L M / / Pistacia chinensis Chinese Pistache L L M M M M Pistacia vera Pistachio L L M M / / Pithecelloblum flexicaule Texas Ebony 7 7 / 7 L L Pittosporum crassifolium Evergreen Pittosporum M M M M / / Pittosporum eugenioides Tarata M M M M / / Pittosporum phillyraeoides Willow Pittosporum M M M L / M Pittosporum rhombifolium Queensland Pittosporum / 7 M M / / Pittosporum tenuifolium Tawhiwhi M M M M / / Pittosporum undulatum Victorian Box M 7 M M / / Platanus acerifolia London Plane L L M M M / Platanus racemosa California Sycamore M M M M / M Platanus wrightii Arizona Sycamore M 7 M M H H Podocarpus gracilior Fern Pine M M M H / M Podocarpus henkelii Long Leaf Yellow Wood M H M M M / Podocarpus latifolius Podocarpus M 7 M 7 M / Podocarpus macrophyllus Yew Pine M M M M M M Populus alba 'Pyramidalis' Bolleana Poplar H M H H M M Populus balsam if era Balsam Poplar M M H H M M Populus 'Mohavensis' Mohave Poplar H 7 M H M M Populus X canadensis Carolina Poplar H H 7 H M M Populus fremontii Western Poplar M H H H M M Populus nigra 'Italica' Lombardy Poplar M H H H M M Populus tremuloides Quaking Aspen / / / H / / Populus trichocarpa Black Cottonwood H M H H M / Prosopis alba Argentine Mesquite / L L L M M Prosopis chilensis Chilean Mesquite / L L L M M Prosopis glandulosa glandulosa Honey Mesquite / L L L M M Prosopis pubescens Screwbean Mesquite / L L L M M Prosopis velutina Velvet Mesquite / L L L M M Prunus spp. (edible) Almond L M M M M / Apricot M M M M M / Cherry M M M H M / 1 2 3 4 5 6 Peach M M M M M / Prunus spp. (edible) Peach (low chill only) M M M M / M Nectarine M M M M M / Plum L M M M M / Plum (low chill only) L M M M / M Prune L M M M M / Prunus spp. (ornamental) Flowering Cherry M H M M M / Flowering Peach L M M M M / Flowering Plum L M M M M M Prunus caroliniana Carolina Laurel Cherry L L M M M M Prunus ilicifolia • Holly Leaf Cherry L L L VL / / Prunus lauroceracus English Laurel M M / H / / Prunus lusitanica Portugal Laurel L L / / / / Prunus lyonii A Catalina Cherry L L L L / / Punica granatum Pomegranate L L M M M M Pyrus communis Edible Pear M M M M M / Pyrus calleryana cultivars Gallery Pear M M M M M M Pyrus kawakamii Evergreen Pear M M M M M M Quercus agrifolia Coast Live Oak VL VL L L / / Quercus chrysolepis Canyon Live Oak VL L L L / / Quercus coccinea Scarlet Oak M M / M / / Quercus douglasli Blue Oak VL VL VL L / / Quercus engelmannii Mesa Oak / L L L / / Quercus ilex Holly Oak L M L L M M Quercus kelloggii California Black Oak L M / M / / Quercus lobata Valley Oak L L / M / / Quercus palustris Pin Oak M M / M / / Quercus rubra Red Oak M M / M / / Quercus shumardii Shumard Red Oak M M 7 / / / Quercus suber Cork Oak L L L L L L Quercus tomentella Island Oak L 7 L / / / Quercus virglniana Southern Uve Oak M M M M M M Quercus wislizeni Interior Uve Oak VL VL VL L M / Radermachera sinica Radermachera 7 7 M / / / Ravanea rivularis Ravanea / 7 M M / / Rhaphiolepis 'Majestic Beauty' Majestic Beauty L L M M M M Rhus lancea African Sumac L L L L M M Rhus laurina Laurel Sumac L L VL L / / 1 2 3 4 5 6 Robinia X ambigua Locust L L L L M M Robinia pseudoacacia Black Locust L L L L M M Sabai spp. Palmetto / / M M / / Salix babylonica Weeping Willow H H H H M H Salix matsudana cvs. Globe Willow H H H H M H Sambucus caerulea Blue Elderberry L L / M M M Sambucus mexicana Mexican Elderberry L L L L M M Sapium sebiferum Chinese Tallow Tree M M M M / / Schefflera pueckleri Australian Umbrella Tree / / M H / H Schinus molle California Pepper Tree L L VL L M M Schinus polygamous Peruvian Pepper L 7 L L L M Schinus terebinthefolius Brazilian Pepper Tree M M M M / M Sequoia sempen/irens Coast Redwood H H H H / / Sequoladendron giganteum Giant Sequoia M M / M / / Sophora japonica Japanese Pagoda Tree L L M M M M Sophora secundiflora Texas Mountain Laurel L 7 L L M M Sorbus aucuparia European Mountain Ash / M / / M M Spathodea campanulata African Tulip Tree / / M / / / Stenocarpus sinuatus Firewheel Tree / / M M / / Strelitzia nicolai Giant Bird of Paradise M / M M / M Tabebuia chrysantha Sonoran Tabebuia / / M 7 / M Tabebuia chrysotricha Golden Trumpet Tree / 7 M M / M Tabebuia impetiginosa Pink/Lavender Trumpet Tree / / M M / / Tamarix spp. Tamarisk VL VL / L L L Taxodium distichum Bald Cypress H / M M / / Taxus baccate English Yew M M / H M / Taxus baccate 'Stricta' Irish Yew M M / H M / Tecoma stans Yellow Bells / / M M M M Thevetia peruviana Yellow Oleander / / M M / M Thevetia thevetioldes Giant Thevetia / / M M / M Tilia americana American Linden M M / / / / Tilia cordata Little Leaf Unden M M / / / / Tipuana tipu Tipu Tree M / M M / / Trachycarpus fortunii Windmill Palm L M M M M / Tristania conferta (See Lophostemon confertus) Tristania laurina (See Tristaniopsis laurina) Tristaniopsis laurina Little Leaf Myrtle Tupidanthus calyptratus (See Schefflera pueckleri) M M M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Umbellularia californica California Bay M M M M / / Ulmus americana American Elm M M / / / / Uimus parvifolia Chinese Evergreen Elm M M M M M M Ulmus pumila Siberian Elm L L / M M M Vitex agnus-castus Chaste Tree L L L M M M Washingtonia filifera ^California Fan Palm L M L L M M Washingtonia robusta Mexican Fan Palm L M L L M M Yucca elephantipes Giant Yucca / L M / / M Yucca gloriosa Spanish Dagger L L L L / M Zelkova serrate Saw Leaf Zelkova M L M M M M Ziziphus jujuba Chinese Jujube M L L M M M SHRUBS 1. North/Central Coastal 3. South Coastal 5. High Desert Z Central Valley 4. South Inland Valley 6. Low Desert 1 2 3 4 5 6 Abelia floribunda Mexican Abelia M L M M / / Abelia X grandiflora Glossy Abelia L M M M / M Abelia 'Edward Goucher' Pink Abelia M M M M / M Abelia 'Shenvoodii* ShenA/ood Dwarf Abelia M M M M / / Abutilon hybridum Flowering Maple M H H H M M Acacia constricta Whitethorn Acacia 7 L L L L L Acacia greggii Catclaw Acacia L L L L L L Acanthus mollis Bear's Breech M M M H / M Acer circinatum Vine Maple M H / / / / Adenostoma fasciculatum Chamise VL VL VL VL / / Adenostoma sparsifolium Red Shanks/Ribbonwood VL 7 VL VL / / Aeonium spp. Aeonium M / L L / L Agapanthus africanus Lily-of-the-Nile M L M M / M Agave spp. Agave L VL L L / L Aloe spp. Aloe L L L L / L Alpinia zerumbet Shell Ginger H 7 H H / H Alyogyne hakeifolia Blue Hibiscus (Hakeifolia) / 7 L L / / Alyogyne huegelii Blue Hibiscus (Huegelii) L L L L / L Andromeda polifolia Bog Rosemary H H / / / / Anisodontea X hypomandarum South African Mallow 7 7 M M / M Arbutus unedo 'Compacta' Strawberry Tree L L M L M M Arctostaphylos spp. Manzanita VL L L L L / Arctostaphylos cultivars Manzanita cultivars L L L L L / Artemisia spp. Sage/Wormwood VL L L L L L Arundinaria spp. Bamboo (Arundinaria) L L M M / M Asteriscus sericeus Asteriscus L 7 VL 7 / / Atriplex spp. Saltbush VL VL VL VL VL VL Aucuba japonica Japanese Aucuba M M M H / M Azara dentate Azara M 7 H / M / Azara microphylla Box Leaf Azara M 7 H / M / Baccharis pilularis consanguinea Coyote Brush L L L L / / Baccharis sarothroides Desert Broom VL L VL L L L Bambusa spp. Bamboo (Bambusa) L L M M M M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Bauhinia punctata Red Bauhinia / / M M / / Beaucarnea recurvata Bottle Palm / / L L / L Berberis spp. Barberry L L M M M M Bougainvillea (shrub cvs.) Bougainvillea M M L L / M Brassaia actlnophylla Queensland Umbrella Tree / / M / / M Brugmansia spp. Angel's Trumpet M 7 M H / / Brunfelsia paucifiora Yesterday Today and Tomorrow M. H M H / M Buddteia aiternifolia Fountain Butterfly Bush L ? M / M M Buddleia davldii Butterfly Bush L L M M M M Buddleia marrubiifolia Woolly Butterfly Bush / 7 M 7 / L Buxus microphylla japonica Japanese Boxwood M L M M M M Buxus sempervirens English Boxwood M M M / M M Cactaceae: Cactus Family: Carneglea gigantea Saguaro / VL VL L / L Cephalocereus spp. Old Man Cactus VL VL VL L L L Cereus peruvianus Apple Cactus VL VL L L / L Echinocactus spp. Barrel Cactus VL VL L L / L Espostoa lantana Peruvian Old Man Cactus VL VL L L L L Ferocactus spp. Barrel Cactus VL VL VL L L L Lemaireocereus thurbii Organ Pipe Cactus / VL VL L / L Opuntia spp. Prickly Pear/Cholla VL VL VL L L L Caesalpinea cacalaca Mexican Bird of Paradise L 7 L 7 / L Caesalpinea gilliesii Bird of Paradise Bush L L M L / M Caesalpinea pulcherrima Dwarf Poinciana L L M M / M Calliandra californica Calliandra / / VL L / L Calliandra eriophylla Fairy Duster / / VL VL / L Calliandra hematocephala Pink Powder Puff / / M / / H Calliandra tweedii Trinidad Flame Bush / 7 M M / M Callicarpa japonica Beauty Berry / M / M / / Callistemon citrinus Bottle Brush L L M L / M Calluna vulgaris Scotch Heather M M / / / / Calocephalus brownii Cushion Bush L / L L / L Calycanthus occidentalis Western Spice Bush L M M M / / Camellia japonica Camellia M M M H / H Camellia sasanqua Sasanqua Camellia M M M H / H Carissa spp. Natal Plum L / M M / M Carpenteria californica Bush Anemone L L L M / / Cassia artemisioides Feathery Cassia L L L L L L 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cassia bicapsularis (candolleana) Cassia (Bicapsularis) 7 L L / / L Cassia eremophila (nemophila) Desert Cassia / 7 L L L L Cassia odorata Cassia (Odorata) 7 7 L 7 / L Cassia phyllodenia Silver Cassia 7 7 L L L L Cassia sturtii Sturt's Cassia / 7 L / / L Cassia wiziizeni Shrubby Senna 7 7 L 7 / L Ceanothus spp. California Ulac VL L VL L / / Ceanothus cultivars Ceanothus L L L L / / Ceratostlgma abyssinicum Abyssinian Plumbago L 7 M M M M Ceratostigma griffithii Burmese Plumbago L 7 M M M M Cercis occidentalis Western Redbud VL VL L L / / Cercocarpus betuloides Mountain Ironwood L L VL VL / / Cercocarpus minutiflorus San Diego Mountain Mahogany L 7 VL VL / / Oestrum elegans Red Oestrum M / M M / M Oestrum nocturnum Night Jessamine M H M H / M Chaenomeles spp. Flowering Quince L L M M M M Chamaecyparis spp. False Cypress M M / / / / Chamelaucium uncinatum Geraldton Wax Flower L 7 L M / M Chamaerops humilis Mediterranean Fan Palm L L M M M M Choisya ternata Mexican Orange M M M H / M CIstus spp. Rockrose L L L L L L Citrus spp. Orange, Lemon, Ume etc. M M M M / M Cleome Isomeris Bladder Pod VL L VL VL L L Clerodendrom ugandense Glory Bower / 7 M / / M Cocculus Iaurifolius Laurel Leaf Cocculus M M M M / M Coleonema album White Breath of Heaven M M M M / / Coleonema pulchrum Breath of Heaven M M M M / / Comarostaphylis diversifolia Summer Holly VL 7 VL L / / Convolvulus cneorum Bush Morning Glory L L L L L L Coprosma repens Mirror Plant M M M M / / Cordia boissieri Texas Olive 7 7 L 7 L L Cordia parvifolia Uttle Leaf Cordia 7 7 L 7 / L Cordyline stricta Palm Uiy / M M H / M Cornus stolonifera Redtwig Dogwood H H / H / / Corokia cotoneaster Corokia M M M M / M Correa spp. Australian Fuchsia L L L L / M Cortaderia sellowana cvs. Pampas Grass VL L L L L L Cotinus coggygria Smoke Tree L L L L 7 / 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cotoneaster spp. Cotoneaster L L M M M M Cotyledon spp. Cotyledon L 7 L L / L Crassuia spp. Crassuia L L L L / L Cryptomeria japonica Japanese Cryptomeria M H H H / / Cyathea cooperii Australian Tree Fem H H H H / / Cycas revoluta Sago Palm M M M M M M Cytisus spp. Broom (Cytisus) L L / M / / Dalea bicolor Dalea (Bicolor) / / M / M M Dalea frutescens Black Dalea / / M / M M Dalea pulchra Indigo Bush / / M / M M Dalea versicolor Dalea (Versicolor) / / M / M M Daphne odora Winter Daphne M M / / M M Dasylirion spp. Desert Spoon 7 7 L L L L Dendromecon spp. Bush Poppy L L VL L / / Deutzia spp. Deutzia M M / M M / Dicksonia antarctica Tasmanian Tree Fern H H H H / / Dietes bicolor Fortnight Lily L L M M / M Dietes vegeta Butterfly Uiy L L M M / M Dizygotheca elegantissima Thread Leaf False Aralia / M M M / M Dodonaea viscosa 'Purpurea' Purple Hopseed Bush L L L M / M Dombeya spp. Dombeya / / M / / / Doryranthes palmeri Spear Lily L / L L / / Dorycnium hirtusum Dorycnium / 7 L 7 7 7 Durante repens Sky Flower / / M M / M Durante stenostachya Brazilian Sky Flower / / M M / / Echeveria spp. Echeveria L L L L / M Echium fastuosum Pride of Madeira L L L L / / Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian Olive L L L L M M Elaeagnus pungens Silverberry L L L L L L Encelia californica California Encelia L 7 VL L / L Encelia farinose Brittle Bush L 7 VL L L L Ensete ventricosum Abyssinian Banana H H H H / / Erica spp. Heath M M M / / / Ericaneria larisifolia Turpentine Bush 7 7 VL 7 L L Eriogonum spp. Buckwheat L L VL L L L Escallonia spp. Escallonia M M M M / M Euonymus japonica Evergreen Euonymus L L M M M M Euphorbia cotinifolia Carribean Copper Plant / 7 M / / / 1 2 3 4 5 6 Euphorbia milli Crown of Thorns / L L L / L Euphorbia pulcherrima Poinsettia / / L M / M Euphorbia rigida Euphorbia (Rigida) / L VL L / L Euphorbia firucali Milk Bush / / VL / / L Euryops pectinatus Euryops/Shrub Daisy L L M L M M Fallugia paradoxa Apache Plume / 7 VL VL L L Fatsia japonica Japanese Aralia M M M H • / M Feijoa sellowiana Pineapple Guava L L L M / M Felicia fruticosa Blue Marguerite / L L M / M Ficus benjamina Weeping Chinese Banyan / / M / / M Forsythia X intermedia Forsythia L L M M M M Fouquieria splendens Ocotillo / / VL L L L Fremontedendron spp. Flannel Bush VL L VL L / / Fuchsia spp. Fuchsia M H H H / / Galvesia speciosa Island Bush Snapdragon L L VL L M Gardenia spp. Gardenia M M M H / M Garrya eliptica Coast Silktassel L L L M / / Garrya flavescens Ashy Silktassel / 7 L L / / Garrya fremontii Fremont Silktassel VL L VL / / / Gaultheria shallon Salal M M / H / / Genista spp. Broom (Genista) L L M M / M Grevillea spp. Grevillea L L L L / M Grewia occidentalis Lavender Star Flower M M M M / M Griselinia littoralis Griselinia (Uttoralis) M 7 M / / / Griselinia lucida Griselinia (Lucida) M 7 M / / / Hakea laurina Sea Urchin Tree L L L L / / Hakea suaveolens Sweet Hakea L L L L / / Hebe spp. Hebe M M M H / M Hedychium coronarlum White Ginger Lily M / H H / H Hedychlum gardneranum Kahili Ginger M / H H / H Heteromeles arbutifolia Toyon VL VL L L / / Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Chinese Hibiscus M M M H / M Hibiscus syriacus Rose of Sharon L M M M M M Howea forsterana Sentry Palm / / M M / / Hydrangea macrophylla Hydrangea M H M H M M Hypericum moseranum Gold Flower M M M M M / Hypericum 'Hidecote' St.Johnswort M M M M M / Hex X altaclarensis 'Wilsonii' Wilson Holly M M M M M M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ilex aquifolium English Holly L M M M M M llexcornuta 'Burfordii' Burford Holly L M M M M M Ilex dimorphophilla Oklnawan Holly M M M M / 7 Ilex X meserveae Blue Boy/Girt etc. cvs. M M M M / 7 Ilex vomltoria Yaupon L M L L M M Jasmlnum floridum Showy Jasmine L M M M / M Jasminum humile Italian Jasmine L M M M / M Jasmlnum mesnyi Primrose Jasmine L M M M / M Jasminum nitidum Angel Wing Jasmine L M M M / M Juniperus spp. Juniper L L L M M M Justicia brandegeana Shrimp Plant M M M M / M Justicia californica Chuparosa 7 7 VL L L L Justicia carnea Brazilian Plume Flower M H H H / M Justicia spicigera Mexican Honeysuckle / 7 L M / L Kalanchoe spp. Kalanchoe L L L L / M Keckiella antirhinnoides Keckiella 7 7 L L / / Lagerstroemla indica (dwarfs) Crape Myrtle L L M M M M Lantana camera Lantana L M M L / L Larrea tridentata Creosote VL VL VL L L L Lavandula spp. Lavender L L L L M M Lavatera assurgentiflora Tree Mallow L M L L / M Leonotis leonurus Lion's Tail L L L L M M Leptospermum laevigatum Australian Tea Tree L L L L / / Leptospermum scoparium New Zealand Tea Tree M L M L / / Leucophyllum frutescens Texas Ranger VL L L L L L Leucophyllum laevigatum Chihuahuan Sage VL L L L L L Leucospermum cordifolium Nodding Pincushion 7 7 L / / / Ligustrum japonicum Japanese Privet M M M M M M Lobelia laxiflora Mexican Lobelia Bush 7 7 VL L 7 M Lonicera nitida Box Honeysuckle L M / M / / Lonicera subspicata Chaparral Honeysuckle 7 7 / M / / Luma apiculata Luma M 7 M M / / Lupinus arboreus Tree Lupine L 7 L / / / Lycianthes rantonnei Paraguay Nightshade/Blue Potato BusM 7 M M / M Lysiloma Candida Palo Blanca 7 / L 7 / M Lysiloma thornberi Feather Bush 7 / L / / M Mahonia aquifolium Oregon Grape M L M M M M Mahonia beaiei Leatherieaf Mahonia M L M M M M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mahonia 'Golden Abundance' Golden Abundance Mahonia L L L M M M Mahonia lomariifolia Chinese Holly Grape M L L M M M Mahonia nevinii Nevin Mahonia VL L L L M M Mahonia pinnata California Holly Grape L L M M M M Malacothamnus fasciculatus Bush Mallow L 7 VL L / / Mandevilla splendens Mandevilla M / M H / M Melaleuca spp. Melaleuca L L L M / M Melianthus major Honey Bush L 7 M M / M Michelia Ago Banana Shrub M 7 M H / M Musa spp. Banana H H H H / H Murraya paniculata Orange Jessamine / H M H / M Myoporum laetum Myoporum L M M M / / Myoporum 'Pac'ificum' Pacifica Saltbush L L M M M / Myrica californica Pacific Wax Myrtle L L L M / / Myrslne africana African Boxwood L L L M / / Myrtus communis True Myrtle L L L M M M Nandina domestica Heavenly Bamboo L L L M M M Nandina domestica 'Purpurea' Heavenly Bamboo (Nana) M M M M M M Nerium oleander Oleander L VL L L M M Ochna serrulata Bird's Eye Bush L / M M / / Osmanthus fragrans Sweet Olive M M M M M M Osmanthus heterophyllus Holly Leaf Osmanthus M M M M M M Philadelphus mexicanus Evergreen Mock Orange L M M M M M Philadelphus X virginalis Double Mock Orange M M M / 7 ? Philodendron selloum Philodendron M M M M / M Phlomis fruticosa Jerusalem Sage L L L L / / Phormium tenax New Zealand Flax L L L M / M Phormium hybrids Flax L M M M / M Photinia X fraseri Photinia M M M M M M Photinia serrulata Chinese Phofinia M M / M M M Phyllostachys spp. Bamboo (Phylostachys) L L M M M M Picea spp. Spruce M M / / / / Pieris japonica Uly-of-the-Valley Shrub M M / / / / Pieris forestii Chinese Pieris M M / / / / Pinus mugo Mugo Pine L L / M M / Pittosporum crassifolium Evergreen Pittosporum M M M M / / Pittosporum eugenioides Tarata M M M M / / Pittosporum rhombifolium Queensland Pittosporum / 7 M M / 1 2 3 4 5 6 P'rttospomm tenuifolium Tawhiwhi M M M M / / Pittosporum tobira Mock Orange L M M M M M Pittosporum tobira Wheelers DwarlDwarf Pittosporum M M M M M M Piatycladus orientalis Oriental Arborvitae M M M M M M Plumbago auriculata Cape Plumbago L M M M / M Plumeria rubra Frangipani / 7 L / / M Podocarpus macrophyllus Yew Pine M M M M M M Poiygala X dalmaisiana Sweet Pea Shrub L M M M / / Portulacaria afra Elephant's Food L 7 L L / L Potentilla fruticosa Cinquefoil M M / / M / Prostanthera rotundifolia Round Leaf Mint Bush L M L M / / Prunus caroliniana Carolina Laurel Cherry L L L M M M Prunus ilicifolia Holly Leaf Cherry L L L VL / / Prunus lauroceracus English Laurel M M / H / / Prunus lusitanica Portugal Laurel L L / / / / Prunus lyonii Catalina Cherry L L L L / / Psidium cattielanum Strawberry Guava M M M M / M Psidium guajava Common Guava / 7 M / / M Punica granatum 'Nana' Dwarf Pomegranate L L M M M M Pyracantha spp. Firethorn L L L M M M Quercus dumosa California Scrub Oak VL VL VL VL L / Rhamnus californica Coffeeberry L VL VL L / M Rhamnus crocea Redberry L L VL L / M Rhamnus crocea ilicifolia Hollyleaf Redberry L 7 VL L / M Rhamnus alaternus Italian Buckthorn L L L M / / Rhapis excelsa Lady Palm / 7 M M / / Raphiolepis spp. Indian Hawthorne L L M M M M Rhododendron spp. Azalea M M H H M / Rhododendron spp. Rhododendron M M H H / / Romneya coulteri Matilija Poppy VL VL VL L L L Rhus integrifolia Lemonade Berry L L VL L / / Rhus ovata Sugar Bush L L VL L M M Rhus laurina Laurel Sumac L L VL L / / Ribes malvaceum Chaparral Currant L 7 VL L / / Ribes sanguineum Red Flowering Currant L L M M / / Ribes speciosum Fuchsia Flowering Gooseberry L L L M / / Ribes viburnifolium Evergreen Currant L M L M / / Rosa californica California Wild Rose L L L L / / 1 2 3 4 5 6 Rosa hybrids Rose M M M M H H Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary L L L L M M Ruellia peninsutaris Baja Ruellia / 7 M M / M Salix spp. Willow H H H H / H Salvia chamaedroides Blue Sage 7 L L L / M Salvia clevelandii Cleveland Sage L L VL L / L Salvia gregii Autumn Sage L L L L M M Salvia ieucantha Mexican Bush Sage L L L L / M Salvia leucophylla Purple Sage L / L L / M Salvia uliglnosa Bog Sage M M M 7 / / Sambucus caerulea Blue Elderberry L L / M M M Sambucus mexicana Mexican Elderberry L L L L M M Sarcococca ruscifolla Fragrant Sarcococca M M M M M M Sasa spp. Bamboo (Sasa) L L M M / M Schefflera actlnophylla (See Brassaia actlnophylla) Simmondsia chinensis Jojoba VL VL VL VL L L Soltya heterophylta Australian Bluebell Creeper L L L L / / Sophora secundiflora Texas Mountain Laurel L 7 L L M M Spartium junceum Spanish Broom / VL VL L / / Spirea spp. Spirea M M M M M M Strelitzia reginae Bird of Paradise M M M M / M Slreptosolen jamesonii Marmalade Bush / 7 M H / / Syringa vulgaris Lilac M M / M M / Syzygium paniculatum Australian Brush Cherry M M M M / / Tagetes lemmoni Mountain Marigold L L L L M M Tamarix spp. Tamarisk VL VL / L L L Taxus baccata English Yew M M / H M / Tecoma stans Yellow Bells / / M M M M Tecomaria capensis Cape Honeysuckle M M M M / M Ternstroemia gymnanthera Ternstroemia M M M M M / Teucrium fruticans Bush Germander L L L L / M Thevetia peruviana Yellow Oleander / / M M / M Thuja occidentalis American Arborvitae M M / M M M Tibouchina urviileana Princess Flower M / M H / M Trachelospermum jasminoides Star Jasmine M M M M M M Trichocerus spp. Golden Torch 7 7 L 7 L L Trichostema lanatum Woolly Blue Curls (Lanatum) L VL VL L / M Tupidanthus calyptratus Australian Umbrella Tree / / M H / M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vaccinium ovatum Evergreen Huckleberry M M / / / / Vaccinium parvifolium Red Huckleberry / M / / / / Vauquelinia californica Arizona Rosewood L 7 / / M M Viburnum burkwoodii Burkwood Viburnum L M M / M / Viburnum davldii David Viburnum M M / / M / Viburnum japonicum Japanese Viburnum M M M M M / Viburnum ododratissimum Sweet Viburnum L M M / M / Viburnum opulus European Cranberry Bush L 7 M M M / Viburnum rhytidophyllum Leatherieaf Viburnum M 7 M M M M Viburnum suspensum Sadanqua Viburnum M M M M M M Viburnum tinus Laurustinus M L M M M M Weigela florida Weigelia M M M H M / Westrlngia rosmariniformis Westrlngia M L L L / M Xylosma congestum Shiny Xylosma L L M L M M Yucca spp. Yucca L L L L L L GROUND COVERS 1. North/Central Coastal 3. South Coastal 5. High Desert 2. Central Valley 4. South Inland Valley 6. Low Desert 1 2 3 4 5 6 Abelia grandiflora prostrate Prostrate Glossy Abelia M M M M / / Acacia redolens Prostrate Acacia L L L L L L Achillea tomentosa Woolly Yarrow L L L L M M Achillea millefolium Common Yarrow L L L L M M Ajuga reptans Carpet Bugle M M M H M M Andromeda polifolia Bog Rosemary H H / / / / Antigonon leptopus Coral Vine M / M M / M Aptenia cordifolia and: Ice Plant (Aptenia) L L M L / M Carpobrotus spp. Ice Plant (Carpobrotus) L M VL L / L Cephalophyllum spp. Ice Plant (Cephalophyllum) L L L L / L Delosperma spp. Ice Plant (Delosperma) L M L L / L Dorotheanthus bellidiformis Ice Plant (Dorotheanthus) L L / L / / Drosanthemum spp. Ice Plant (Drosanthemum) L L L L / L Lampranthus spp. Ice Plant (Lampranthus) L L L L / L Malephora spp. Ice Plant (Malephora) L L L L / L Mesembryanthemum crystallinunice Plant (Mesembryanthemum) L M / L / L Arctostaphylos spp. i Manzanita VL L L L / / Arctostaphylos cultivars Manzanita (cvs.) L L L L / / Arctotheca calendula Cape Weed M M M M / M Arenaria verna Irish Moss H H M H M M Arenaria verna 'Aurea' Scotch Moss H H M H M M Armeria marltima Sea Pink M M M M / M Artemisia californica Coastal Sage Brush VL L L L / L Artemesia caucasia Silver Spreader L L L L / / Atriplex semibaccata Australian Saltbush VL VL VL L / L Baccharis pilularis cvs. Dwarf Coyote Brush L L L L / / Baccharis sarathroides'Centennial'Centennial Baccharis VL L VL L L L Berberis Invinii Barberry M L / / M M Bougainvillea spp. Bougainvillea M M L L / M Calyophus hartwegii Fairy Duster / 7 / 7 7 M Campanula poscharskyana Serbian Bell Flower M M M M / M Carissa macrocarpa (prost.cvs.) Natal Plum L / M M / M Ceanothus spp. California Lilac VL L VL L / / 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ceanothus cuKivars Ceanothus L L L L / / Cerastium tomentosum Snow in Summer M M M M M M Ceratostigma plumbaginoldes Dwarf Plumbago L M M M M M Cistus spp. Rockrose L L L L L L Convolvulus mauritanicus Ground Morning Glory L L L L M M Coprosma kirkii Creeping Coprosma L L M M / / Coprosma pumila Verde Vista' Coprosma (Pumila) L L M M / / Cotoneaster spp. Cotoneaster L L M M M M Cymbalaria muralis Kenllworth Ivy M 7 H H / / Cytissus kewensis Kew Broom M M / / M / Dalea greggi Trailing Indigo Bush 7 / L L L L Dalea orcutii Baja Indigo Bush / / L L / L Dichondra micrantha Dichondra H H H H / H Dodonaea procumbens Trailing Hop Bush / L / 7 / / Duchesnea Indica Indian Mock Strawberry M L M M / M Dymondia margaretae Dymondia L 7 L L / / Epimedium grandiflorum Bishop's Hat M 7 / / / / Erica spp. Heath M M M / / / Eriogonum spp. Buckwheat L L VL L M M Erodium chamaedryoides Cranesbill L M M H 7 M Euonymus fortunei Purple Winter Creeper M M M M M / Fragaria chiloensis Wild Strawberry M M M M M M Gazania spp. Gazania M L L M / M Genista pilose Genista (Pilose) L L / M 7 M Geranium incanum Cranesbill L L M M / M Hedera canariensis Algerian Ivy M M M M M M Hedera helix English Ivy M M M M M M Helianthemum nummularium Sunrose L L L L / / Herniaria glabra Green Carpet H M M M / / Hypericum calycinum Aaron's Beard M M M M M / Iva hayesiana Poverty Weed VL 7 VL L / / Lantana montevidensis Lantana L L L L / M Laurentia fluviatilis Blue Star Creeper M M M M 7 M Urope spicata Creeping Uiy Turf M M M M M M Lithodora diffusa Lithodora M L / / 7 / Lonicera japonica 'Halliana' Hall's Honeysuckle M M L L M M Lotus corniculatus Birdsfoot Trefoil L H M M / M Lysimachia nummularia Moneywort H H H H / / 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mahonia repens Creeping Mahonia L L L M M / Mentha spp. Mint L L M M M M Muehlenbeckia axillaris Creeping Wire Vine M M M M 1 M Muehlenbeckia complexa Mattress Vine L L M M 1 M Myoporum parvifolium Myoporum L L M L 1 M Myoporum 'Pacificum' Pacifica Saltbush L L M M 1 / Oenothera berlandieri Mexican Evening Primrose L L L L M M Oenothera stubbei Baja Evening Primrose L L L L M M Ophiopogon japonicum Mondo Grass M M M H M M Osteospermum spp. African Daisy L L M L / M Pachysandra terminalis Japanese Spurge M M M / M / Parthenoclssus quinquefolia Virginia Creeper M M M M M M Parthenocissus tricuspidata Boston Ivy M M M M M M Pelargonium peltatum Ivy Geranium M M M M / M Phlox subulate Moss Pink M M / / M M Phyla nodiflora Lippia L M L L / M Polygonum capitatum Knotweed M M M M M M Potentilla verna Cinquefoil M M M M / M Prunella spp. Self Heal M M M M 7 7 Pyracantha spp. Firethorn L L L M M M Ragotia deltaphylla Ragotia 7 7 VL 7 7 7 Ribes viburnifolium Evergreen Currant L M L M / / Rosemarinus 'Prostratus' Trailing Rosemary L L L L M M Rubus calyclnoides Bramble M M M / H / Sagina subulate Irish Moss H H M H M M Saglna subulate 'Aurea' Scotch Moss H H M H M M Salvia melifera Tera Seca' Creeping Black Sage L 7 L L / 7 Sarcococca hookerana humilis Sweet Sarcococca M M / M M M Santoiina spp. Lavender Cotton L L L L L L Scaevola 'Mauve Clusters' Fan Flower L L M M / / Sedum spp. Stonecrop L L L L L L Soleirolia soleroli Baby's Tears H H H H / H Sollya heterophylla Australian Bluebell Creeper L L L L / / Teucrium chamaedrys Germander L L L L M M Trachelospermum aslaticum Asian Star Jasmine M M M M M M Trachelospermum jasminoides Star Jasmine M M M M M M Trifolium fragiferum O'Connor O'Connor's Legume M M M L M M Thymus spp. Thyme M M M L M M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Verbena gooddingii Goodding Verbena L L M L / M Verbena peruviana Peruvian Verbena L L L L / M Verbena rigida Vervian 7 M M 7 / M Verbena stricta Hoary Vervian L 7 M 7 M M Verbena tenulsecta MossVertjena L L M 7 / M Veronica repens Speedwell M M M / / / Vinca major Periwinkle • M M M M M M Vinca minor Periwinkle M M M M M M Viola iabradorica Viola M M M H H H Viola odorarta Sweet Violet M M M H H H Viola hederacea Australien Violet M M M H M M Zauschneria spp. (Epilobium) California Fuchsia L L VL L / M Zinnia grandiflora Perennial Zinnia M M M M M M Zoysia tenuifolia Mascarene Grass M M M M / M VINES 1. North/Central Coastal 3. South Coastal 5. High Desert 2. Central Valley 4. South Inland Valley 6. Low Desert 1 2 3 4 5 6 Actinidia deliciosa Kiwi H H H H / / Akebia quinata Fiveleaf Akebia M M M M / f Ailamanda cathartica Golden Trumpet 7 / M / / f Ampelopsis brevipedunculata Blueberry Creeper M M / M M M Anemopaegma chamberlaynii Yellow Trumpet Vine M L M M / / Antigonon leptopus Coral Vine M / M M / M Aristolochia elegans Calico Flower 7 / M M / / Beaumontia grandiflora Easter Uiy Vine M / M H / / Bougainvillea spp. Bougainvillea M M L L / M Campsis spp. Trumpet Creepers L L M M M M Cissus antarctica Kangaroo Treebine L M M M / M Cissus rhombifolia Grape Ivy / M M M / M Clematis armandii Evergreen Clematis M M M M M M Clematis hybrids Deciduous Clematis M M H H M M Clematis lasiantha Pipestem Clematis L 7 VL L / / Clytostoma callistigioides Violet Trumpet Vine M M M M / M Combretum fruticosum Combretum / / M M / / Distictis buccinatoria Blood Red Trumpet Vine M M M M / M Distictis 'Rivers' Royal Trumpet Vine M M M M / M Euonymus fortunei radicans Winter Creeper M M / M M M Fatshedera lizei Fatshedera M M M H / M Ficus pumila Creeping Fig M M M M M M Gelsemium sempervirens Carolina Jessamine M L M M / M Hardenbergia violacea Lilac Vine M M M M / Kl Hedera canariensis Algerian Ivy M M M M M M Hedera helix English Ivy M M M M M M Hibbertia scandens Guinea Gold Vine M M M M / M Hydrangea anomala petiolaris Climbing Hydrangea M H / H / / Ipomoea acuminata Blue Dawn Flower L M L 7 / M Jasminum leratii Jasmine (Leratii) 7 7 M M 7 7 Jasminum polyanthum Pink Jasmine M M M M / M Lonicera hildebrandiana Giant Burmese Honeysuckle M M M L M M Lonicera sempervirens Trumpet Honeysuckle M M / M M M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lonicera japonica Japanese Honeysuckle M M L L M M Macfadyena unguis-cati Cat's Claw L L L L L L Mandevilla spp. 'Alice Dupont' etc. M / M H / H Mandevilla laxa Chilean Jasmine M / M M / M Mascagnia lilacina Purple Orchid Vine 7 7 M 7 / M Mascagnia macroptera Yellow Orchid Vine 7 7 M 7 / M Maurandya antirriniflora Snapdragon Vine 7 7 M 7 / M Merremia aurea Merremia (Aurea) 7 7 M 7 / M Merremla quinquefolia Merremia (Quinquefolia) 7 7 M 7 / M Milletia reticulata Evergreen Wisteria 7 7 M M / / Muelenbeckia axillaris Creeping Wire Vine M M M M / M Muelenbeckia complexa Mattress Vine L L M M / M Oxera pulchella Royal Climber 7 / M M / / Pandorea jasminoides Bower Vine M / M M / / Pandorea pandorana Wonga Wonga Vine M / M M / / Parthenocissus quinquefolia Virginia Creeper M M M M M M Parthenocissus tricuspidata Boston Ivy M M M M M M Passiflora spp. Passion Vine M M M M / M Petrea volubilis Queens Wreath 7 7 M M 7 7 Podranea ricasoliana Pink Trumpet Vine / M M M / M Polygonum aubertii Silver Lace Vine L L M L M M Pyrostegia venusta Flame Vine / 7 M M / M Rhoicissus capensis Evergreen Grape M / M M / M Rosa banksiae Lady Banks Rose L L M M M M Rosa 'Cecile Brunner' Cecile Brunner Rose L L M M M M Rosa..other climbing spp. Climbing Roses M M M M H H Rubus ursinus California Blackberry L M L 7 / / Solandra maxima Cup of Gold Vine M M M M / / Solanum jasminoides Potato Vine M L M L / M Solanum wedlandii Costa Rican Nightshade L / M / / M Stephanotis floribunda Madagascar Jasmine / / M H / M Tecomaria capensis Cape Honeysuckle M M M M / M Tetrastigma voinieranum Javin Grape 7 / M M / M Thunbergia grandiflora Sky Flower M / M / / M Thunbergia gregoril Orange Clock Vine M / M M / M Trachelospermum aslaticum Asian Star Jasmine M M M M M M Trachelospermum jasminoides Star Jasmine M M M M M M Vigna caracalla Snail Vine M / M M / M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vitis californica California Wild Grape M M VL L M M Vitis girdiana Desert Grape 7 7 L L M M Vitis labrusca American Grape L L M M M M Vitis vinifera European Grape L L M M M M Wisteria spp. Wisteria M L M M M M PERENNIALS, FERNS, GRASSES AND BULBS 1. North/Central Coastal 3. South Coastal 5. High Desert 2. Central Valley 4. South Inland Valley 6. Low Desert 1 2 3 4 5 6 Acanthus mollis Bear's Breech M M M H / M Acorus gramineus Sweet Flag H H M H M M Achillea fiilipendulina Fern Leaf Yarrow L L L L M M Achillea millefolium Common Yarrow L L L L M M Aeonium spp. Aeonium L / L L / L Agapanthus aft-icanus Uly-of-the-Nile M L M M / M Alocasia odora Elephant's Ear H H H H / / Aloe spp. Aloe L L L L / L Alpinia zerumbet Shell Ginger H / H H / H Alstromeria spp. Peruvian Lily M M M M 7 M Amaryllis belladona Naked Lady VL VL VL L L L Andromeda polifolia Bog Rosemary H H / / / / Anemone hybrida Japanese Anemone M M M M M M Anigozanthos flavidus Kangaroo Paw M M M M / M Aquilegia spp. Columbine L L M M M M Arctotis hybrids African Daisy M M M L / M Aristea ecklonii Little Tyler 7 / M M / / Armeria maritima Sea Pink M M M M / M Artemisia spp. Tarragon/Angel's Hair etc. L L L L M M Asparagus spp. Ornamental Asparagus M M M M / M Aspidistra elatior Cast Iron Plant L L M M / M Asplenium bulbiferum Mother Fern H H H H / / Asplenlum nidus Bird's Nest Fern H H H / / / Aster spp. Aster M M M M M M Asteriscus maritimus Gold Coin M M L M / / Astilbe hybrida False Spirea H H / / / / Baiieya multiradiata Desert Marigold 7 7 L 7 L L Begonia 'Richmondensis' Richmond Begonia M M M M / M Begonia semperflorens Begonia M M M M / M Bergenia cordifolia Heartleaf Bergenia M M M H M M Bergenia crassifolia Winter Blooming Bergenia M M M H M M Biilbergia spp. Queen's Tears etc. M / M M / M Brachycome multifida Swan River Daisy M M M M M M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Campanula spp. Bell Flower M M M M / M Canna spp. Canna M M M H M M Carex spp. Sedge M M M M / M Catharanthus roseus Madagascar Periwinkle M M M M M M Centaurea cineraria Dusty Miller (Cineraria) L L M M / M Centaurea gymnocarpa Dusty Miller (Gymnocarpa) L L M M / M Centranthus ruber Red Valerian VL VL L L / M Chamaemelum nobiie Chamomile L M M M M M Cheiranthus cheiri Wall Flower M M M M M M Chrysanthemum frutescens Marguerite Daisy M M M M / M Chrysanthemum maximum Shasta Daisy H H M M M M Chrysanthemum parthenium Feverfew L L M M M M Olivia miniate Kaffir Uiy M M L M / M Convolvulus mauritanicus Ground Morning Glory L L L L M M Coreopsis auriculata'Nana' Dwarf Coreopsis L L L L M M Coreopsis lanceolate Coreopsis L L L L M M Coreopsis verticilata cvs. Threadleaf Coreopsis L L L L M M Cortaderia sellowana cvs. Pampas Grass VL L L L L L Cotyledon spp. Cotyledon L 7 L L / L Crassuia spp. Crassuia L L L L / L Cuphea hyssophyla False Heather M M M M / / Cuphea Ignea Cigar Plant M M M M / / Cyathea cooperii Australian Tree Fern H H H H / / Cyclamen hederifolium Cyclamen L L M 7 / M Cyclamen persicum hybrids Florists' Cyclamen M M M M / M Cyrtonlum falcatum Holly Fern M M H M / M Dahlia spp. Dahlia M M M H M M Davallia trichomanoldes Squirrel's Foot Fern M H M H / M Delphinium spp. Delphinium M M M M M M Deschampsia caespitosa Tufted Hairgrass L L L L / / Dianthus spp. Pink/Carnation M M M M M M Diascia spp. Twinspur M M M M / / Dicentra spp. Bleeding Heart M M M H / / Dietes vegeta Fortnight Lily L L M M / M Deites bicolor Butterfly Uiy L L M M / M Dicksonia antarctica Tasmanian Tree Fern H H H H / / Digitalis mertonensis Foxglove M M M M M M Diplacus spp. Monkey Flower L L L L / / 1 2 3 4 5 6 Dryopteris erythrosora Wood Fern M M M L / I Dyssodia pentachaeta Golden Fleece 7 M 7 7 M M Echeveria spp. Hens and Chickens L L L L / M Echium fastuosum Pride of Madeira L L L L / M Elymus spp. Wild Rye L L L L M M Ensete ventricosum Abyssinian Banana H H H H / H Erigeron glaucus Beach Aster L / M 7 / / Erigeron karvinskianus Fleabane L M M L M M Erodium chamaedryoides Storksbill (Chamaedryoides) L M M M M M Erodium chrysanlhum Storksbill (Chrysanyhum) L M M M M M Erysimum linifolium Wallflower L L M L / M Eschscholzia californica California Poppy VL L L L L L Euryops pectinatus Euryops L L M M M M Felicia ammelloides Blue Marguerite M M M M / M Festuca californica California Fescue L M M M M M Festuca ovina glauca Blue Fescue L L M L M M Fuchsia spp. Fuchsia M M H H / / Gaillardia grandiflora Blanket Flower L L M M M M Gasteria spp. Mother-in-Law's Tongue etc. L 7 L L 7 7 Gaura lindheimeri Gaura M M M M M M Gazania spp. Gazania M L M M M M Geranium incanum Cranesbill (Incanum) L L M M / M Geranium sanguinium Cranesbill (Sanguinium) M M M M / M Gerbera jamesonii Transvaal Daisy M M M M / M Graptopetalum spp. Graptopetalum L 7 L L 7 M Gypsophila paniculate Baby's Breath L L M M / M Haworthia spp. Haworthia L L L L / L Hellctotrichon sempervirens Blue Oat Grass L L M L M M Hemerocallis spp. Day Lily M M M M M M Heuchera maxima Island Alum Root M / M M / / Heuchera sanguinea Coral Bells M M M M M M Hibbertia cuniformis Hibbertia M M / / / M Hosta spp. Plantain Uiy M M / / / / Hypericum moseranum Gold Flower M M M M M / Iberis sempervirens Candy Tuft M M M M M M Iris spp. Spanish/Dutch Iris M M M M M M Iris spp. Bearded Iris L L M L M M Iris spp. Douglas Iris hybrids L L M L / / 1 2 3 4 5 6 Iris spp. Japanese iris H H H H / / Kalanchoe spp. Kalanchoe L L L L / M Kniphofia uvaria Red Hot Poker L L L L / M Lantana montevidensis Lantana L L L L / M Lavandula spp. Lavender L L L L M M Uatrls spicata Gay Feather M M M M M M Umonium perezi Statice L L L M / M Linaria purpurea Toadflax L M M L M M Lirope muscari Big Blue Uiy Turf M M M M M H Lithodora diffusa Lithodora M M / / / / Lobelia laxiflora Mexican Lobelia 7 7 VL VL 7 M Lotus scoparius Deer Weed VL 7 L VL / / Lupinus (Russell hybrids) Russell Lupines M M / / / / Lupinus albifrons Bush Lupine VL L / L / / Melampodium leucanthum Blackfoot Daisy L 7 L 7 L L Microlepia strigosa Lace Fern M / M H / / Mirabilis jalapa Four O'clock VL VL / L M M Miscanthus sinensis Eulalia Grass M M M L M M Muhlenbergia dumosa Giant Mullee 7 7 7 7 M M Muhlenbergia rigens Dwarf Mullee 7 7 7 7 M M Musa spp. Banana H H H H / M Myosotis spp. Forget-Me-Not M M / / / M Narcissus spp. Daffodil VL VL L L L L Nepeta faassenii Catmint L M M M M M Nephrolepis cordifolia Southern Sword Fern M M M M M M Nephrolepis exaltata Sword Fern / M M M M M Nierembergia hippomanica Cup Flower M M M M / M Oenothera berlandieri Mexican Evening Primrose L L L L M M Oenothera stubbei Baja Evening Primrose L L L L M M Ophiopogon jaburan Giant Uiy Turf L M M M M M Ophiopogan japonicum Mondo Grass M M M H M M Pelargonium hortorum Garden Geranium L L M M / M Pelargonium domesticum Martha Washington Pelargonium M M M M / M Pelargonium peltatum Ivy Geranium M M M M / M Pennisetum setaceum Fountain Grass L VL L L L L Pennisetum setaceum'Cupreum' Purple Fountain Grass L L L L L L Penstemon hybrids Penstemon (Hybrids) M M M M M M Penstemon wild spp. Penstemon (Wild) L L L L L L 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pentas lanceolate Star Clusters M M M M / / Philodendron selloum Philodendron M M M M / M Phlomis fi-uticosa Jerusalem Sage L L L L M M Phlox subulata Moss Pink M M / / M M Physostegia virginlana Obedience Plant M M M M M M Polystichum munitum Sword Fem M M M H / H Portulacaria afra Elephant's Food L 7 L L / L Prunella spp. Self Heal M M M M 7 7 Reris spp. Brake Fern M M M H M / Romneya coulteri Matilija Poppy VL VL VL L L L Rhumora adiantiformis Leather Leaf Fern M M M M / / Salvia coccinea Texas Sage L 7 M 7 M M Salvia dorrii Purple Sage 7 7 M 7 M M Salvia farinacea Mealy Cup Sage M 7 M M / M Salvia officinalis Garden Sage L M M M M M Santoiina chamaecyparissus Grey Lavender Cotton L L L L L L Santoiina virens Green Lavender Cotton L L L L L L Saxifrage spp. Saxifrage M M M H M M Sedum spp. Stone Crop L L L L L L Sempervivum spp. House Leek L 7 L L / L Senecio cineraria Dusty Miller L L L L / M Sphaeralcea ambigua Desert Mallow VL 7 L 7 / L Sprekella formosissima Aztec Uiy L L L L L L Stipa leplda Foothill Stipa VL 7 L L L L Stipe pulchra Feather Grass VL L VL L L L Stipa stipa spinosa Desert Bunch Grass 7 7 L L L L Stachys bysantina Lamb's Ears L L M M / M Tagetes lemmoni Mountain Marigold L L L L M M Tagetes lucida Mexican Tarragon 7 7 M M M M Thymus spp. Thyme L L M L M M Trichostema lantanum Woolly Blue Curls (Lantanum) L VL VL L / M Trichostema parishii Woolly Blue Curis (Parishii) 7 7 VL L / / Tropaeoium majus Nasturtium M M / M / M Tutbaghia fragrans Sweet Gariic 7 M M L / M Tulbaghia violacea Society Garlic M M M L / M Verbene hybrids Verbena L L M L / M Veronica spp. Veronica M 7 M / / M Watsonia pyramidata Watsonia L M L M M M 1 2 3 4 5 6 Woodwardia fimbriata Giant Chain Fern M M M M / / Zantedeschia aethiopia Calle M M M H / M Zauschneria spp. California Fuchsia L L VL L / M Zinnia grandiflora Perennial Zinnia M M M M M M