HomeMy WebLinkAboutSDP 05-04; DKN Hotel; Site Development Plan (SDP) (6)--... -
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STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR
Dahya and Shantaben Patel
540 Golan Cirlcle Drive, Suite 214
Santa Ana, CA 92705
(714) 480-0661
PROJECT:
SPRINGHILL SUITES
3136 Carlsbad Blvd .
RP 05-03/ DEV 05-19/ ZC 05-02/ GPA 05-05/
LCPA 05-02 I SOP 05-04/EIA 05-02/ COP 05-14
A.P .N. 203-250-08, -26
PREPARED BY:
Aquaterra Engineering Inc.
1843 Campesino Place
Oceanside, CA 92054
tele: 760-439-2802
fax: 760-439-2866
April 26, 2005
Revised October 11, 2005
Revised January 23, 2006
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STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
FOR
Dahya and Shantaben Patel
540 Golan Cirlcle Drive, Suite 214
Santa Ana, CA 92705
(714) 480-0661
PROJECT:
SPRINGHILL SUITES
3136 Carlsbad Blvd .
RP 05-03/ DEV 05-19/ ZC 05-02 I GPA 05-05/
LCPA 05-02/ SOP 05-04/EtA 05-02/ COP 05-14
A.P.N. 203-250-26
PREPARED BY:
Aquaterra Engineering Inc.
1843 Campesino Place
Oceanside, CA 92054
tele: 760-439-2802
fax: 760-439-2866
April26, 2005
Revised October 11, 2005
Revised January 23, 2006
Prepared under the supervision of:
Krist n Lips a Borer, PE C57860
Exp. 6/30/06
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Springhill Suites
Storm Water Management Plan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT
Vicinity Map, USGS Map, Site Plan
2. APPLICABLE LAWS, REGULATIONS, POLICIES AND REQUIREMENTS
3. POTENTIAL EFFECTS TO WATER QUAUTY ENVIRONMENTS
4. POLLUTANTS OF CONCERN
5. MITIGATION MEASURES TO PROTECT WATER QUALITY
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES (BMPs) Priority Project Category BMPs
5.1 Construction BMPs
5.2 Post-Construction BMPs
5.2.1 Site Design BMPs
5.2.2 Source Control BMPs
5.2.3 Treatment Control BMPs
6. OPERATION & MAINTENANCE OF BMPs
Cost Analysis of BMP Implementation and Maintenance
7. SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS
ATTACHMENT LISTING
A) Hydrology Report
B) Specification for Grass Lined Drainage Swales, Roof Drains Filters,
Rain Gardens
C) "NPDES Permit "Lite" for Non-technical Readers"
D) "General Categories for Water Pollution"
E) "Non-point Source Pollution: The Nation's Largest Water Quality Problem"
F) Resources and References
G) Employer Training Log
H) Best Management Practices, CASQA Storm Water Quality Handbook, 2003
SD-10 "Site Design & Landscape Planning"
SD-12 "Efficient Irrigation"
SD-13 "Storm Drain Signage"
SD-32 "Trash Storage Areas"
REFERENCES
1) Stormwater Standards Manual, Ordinance No. 9426 (N.S.)
2) Hydrology Manual, County of San Diego
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-1. DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT --.. ..
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Project Location: The site, totally 0.84 acres, is bordered on the west side by Carlsbad
Blvd., to the north by Oak Avenue and to the east by Lincoln Street. The site is located
just east of the Pacific Ocean. A Vicinity Map and a USGS Map is attached for review
on the following pages .
Project Description: This a re-development project. The proposed project consists of
removing an existing hotel (Surf Inn) and parking lot and constructing a new hotel with
underground parking. The project will only have a small increase (6,500 s.f.) in the
impervious surface.
The plan indicates there will be grading quantities of 14,870 C.Y. of excavation, with 80
C.Y. of compacted fill, for an overall Export of 14,790 C.Y. The majority of the
excavation will be related to the construction of the underground parking structure. The
building site has the following coverages:
Existing Impervious Surfaces
Including Building footprint and parking areas 22970 s.f. (0.527 ac.) 62%
Proposed Impervious Surfaces
Including Building footprint and parking areas 29454 s.f. (0.676 ac.) 80%
A Hydrology study prepared by Aquaterra Engineering is provided in Attachment "A"
which gives the calculation of this quantity.
Physical Features: The site is a vacant rectangularly shaped lot of 0.84 acres. The
majority of the site is a graded relatively level pad. The south and east property lines
have 2: 1 slopes to meet the existing street.
Surrounding Land Use: The adjacent properties are developed commercial.
Proposed Project Land Use: The subject application will use the existing commercial
designation. No land use or zoning change is required for approval of this project.
Hydrologic Unit: This project is located within Carlsbad Watershed and the Hydrologic
Area numbered 904.4. The Carlsbad Hydrologic unit is approximately 210 square
miles. This project is a minute portion of this hydrologic area at less than 0.0000003%
of the total area .
A Hydrology Report is included as Attachment "A" .
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SPRINGHILL SUITES
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STORM DRAIN LEGEND
(!]) CATCH BASIN \liTH 'FilSSIL FUEL FILTER' INSERT (PRIVATE>
@ PVC DRAINAGE PIPE (6' MIN. DIAl (PRIVATD
iJ:1> CURB OUTLET PER S.D.R.S.D. D-25
($;) GRASS LINE DRAINAGE S\IALE PER DETAIL 'A'
({) CONCRETE \liNG TYPE HEAD\IALL <PRIVATE>
I]) DESIL TING BASIN
STORM. WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
CS'v/MP) NOTES
TREATMENT CONTROL BMPS
@-INFILTRATIVE VEGETATIVE S'v/ AI_ES
@ ROOF DRAIN FILTERS
~ DESIL TING BASIN
~ WATER QUALITY FILTERS
IMPERVIOUS AREA TABLE
CURRENT IMPERVIOUS AREA• 22970 S.F. (0.527 ACRD
PROPOSED IMPERVIOUS AREA• 29454 S.F. <0.676 ACRD
NET INCREASE IMPERVIOUS AREA• 6484 S.F. (0.149 ACRE>
GRASS DR TURF LINED
OPTION OVER LANDLDK
TURF REINFORCEMENT
DETAIL: GRASS LINED DRAINAGE SWALE
NO SCALE
NOTES•
D PLACE 3 ANCHORS PER SQUARE YARD OF MATERIAL
2) FOR GRASS DR TURF OPTION, INSTALL LANDLOK
TRM 450 TURF REINFORCEMENT MAT.
UPERVISJON DF•
JWDA
ARCHITECTVR£/PLANNING/INTERIOR DESIGN
Joseph Wong Design A..o;socio.le!!
2350 Fourth Ava. Snn Di,.go, CA 92l01-1GOG
Phone (619) 233-6'?'77 Fax (619) 237-0541
PROJECT NAME:
SPRINGHILL SUITES
PROJECT ADDRESS;
3136 CARLSBAD BLVD.
CARLSBAD, CA
SHEET TITLE:
STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
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DATC:
02-17-2005
SHEET
rLDT DATE: 10/JOIIJ:j
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2. APPLICABLE LAWS , REGULATIONS, POLICIES AND REQUIREMENTS
The Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP) is required under the County of San Diego
Watershed Protection, Stormwater Management, and Discharge Control Ordinance
(section 67.817, and the City of Carlsbad's SUSMP. The purpose of this SWMP is to
address the water quality impacts from the proposed improvements on the Springhill
Suites Hotel project. Best Management Practices (BMPs) will be utilized to provide a
long-term solution to water quality. The SWMP is also intended to ensure the
effectiveness of the BMPs through proper maintenance that is based on long-term
fiscal planning. The SWMP is subject to revisions as needed by the engineer .
BENEFICIAL USES
The beneficial uses for the hydrologic unit are included in Tables 2.1 and 2.2. These
tables have been extracted from the Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego
Basin.
MUN -Municipal and Domestic Supply: Includes uses of water for community , military,
or individual water supply systems including, but not limited to, drinking water supply .
AGR -Agricultural Supply: Includes uses of water for farming, horticulture, or ranching
including but not limited to, irrigation, stock, watering, or support of vegetation for range
grazing.
IND -Industrial Services Supply: Includes uses of water for industrial activities that do
not depend primarUy on water quality including, but not limited to, mining, cooling water
supply, hydraulic conveyance, gravel washing, fire protection, or oil-well re-
pressurization.
REC1-Contact Recreation: Includes uses of water for recreational activities involving
body contact with water, where ingestion of water is reasonably possible. These uses
include, but are not limited to, swimming, wading, water skiing, skin and SCUBA diving,
surfing, white water activities, fishing, or us of natural hot springs.
REC2 -Non-Contact Recreation: Includes the uses of water for recreational involving
proximity to water, but not normally involving body contact with water, where ingestion
of water is reasonably possible. These uses include, but are not limited to picnicking,
sunbathing, hiking, camping, boating, tide pool and marine life study, hunting,
sightseeing, or aesthetic enjoyment in conjunction with the above activities.
WARM -Warm Freshwater Habitat: Includes uses of water that support warm water
ecosystems including, but not limited to, preservation or enhancement or aquatic
habitats, vegetation, fish or wildlife, including invertebrates.
COLD -Cold Freshwater Habitat: Includes uses of water that support cold water
ecosystems including, but not limited to, preservation or enhancement of aquatic
habitats, vegetation, fish, or wildlife, including invertebrates.
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WILD -Wildlife Habitat: Includes uses of water that support terrestrial ecosystems
including, but not limited to, preservation and enhancement or terrestrial habitats,
vegetation, wildlife, {e.g. mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates), or
wildlife water and food sources .
RARE-Rare, Threatened or Endangered Species: Habitats necessary, at least in part,
for the survival and successful maintenance of plant and animal species established
under state or federal law as rare, threatened, or endangered.
INLAND SURFACES WATERS
Inland Surfaces waters have the following beneficial uses as shown on Table 2.1
Table 2.1 Beneficial uses for Inland Surfaces Waters
Hydrologic
MUN AGR INO Hydro REC1 REC2 WARM RARE Unit
Number
904.4 X X X X X X X X
GROUNDWATER
Groundwater beneficial uses includes agricultural and potentially municipal and
industrial, none or these beneficial uses will be impaired or diminish due to the
construction and operation of this project.
Table 2.2 Beneficial Uses for Groundwater
Hydrologic
Unit MUN
Number
904.4 X
* Excepted from Municipal
x Existing Beneficial Use
0 Potential Beneficial Use
AGR INO
X X
WILD
X
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3. CHARACTERIZATION OF PROJECT RUNOFF
According to the California 2002 303d list published by the San Diego Regional Water
Quality Control Board; the Pacific Ocean at the mouth of the Buena Vista Lagoon is an
impaired water body within the Carlsbad Watershed. The Pacific Ocean is located
within 200' feet of the project site.
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The project location and watersheds have been compared to the current
published 303d list of impaired water bodies and the nearest impaired
water bodies are the Pacific Ocean at the Buena Vista Lagoon, impaired
by bacteria indicators generated by non-point/point source pollution.
However, the runoff will not be directed to this area of the Pacific Ocean.
Education materials including in this SWMP in the Attachments will be
distributed by the project owners and will limit pollution by limiting
exposure of these pollutants to the storm water runoff.
• EXPECTED DISCHARGES
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There are no sampling data available for the existing site condition. In addition, the
project is not expected to generate significant amounts of non-visible pollutants.
However, the following constituents are commonly found on similar developments and
could affect water quality:
T bl 3 a e
Basin
A
B
c
D
Sediment discharge due to construction activities and post-construction
areas left bare.
Nutrients from fertilizers
Hydrocarbons from paved areas.
Pesticides from landscaping use.
.1 Pre an dP De I ost veopment R ff uno
Area Existing Area Prop. Q100 (cfs) C1oo (cfs) Q100 (cfs)
(acres) (acres) Existing Proposed Change
0.27 0.62 1.1 2.5 1.4
0.26 0.09 1.1 .4 -0.7
0.23 0.23 1.0 1.0 0.0
0.31 0.12 1.3 0.5 -0.8
Because this is a redevelopment project the calculated difference between the pre &
post-development Q 100 is 0.1 cfs. The Calculated difference between the pre & post-
development Q10 is negligible. The increase in Q, although very srnaU, will be mitigated
by the construction of a "rain garden" detention structure and drainage swale in Basin A,
and a grass lined drainage swale in Basin B. All roof areas that will be unable to be
filtered through landscaped areas (Basin D) will have roof drain filters on the
appropriate downspouts. See Section 5.2.3. for description and sizing of these
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4. POLLUTANTS/CONSTITUENTS OF CONCERN
The project locations and watersheds have been compared to the current published
303d list of impaired water bodies. The Agua Hedionda, Buena Vista and San Elijo
Lagoons are experiencing impairments to beneficial uses due to excessive coliform
bacteria, sediment as well as trace metal and toxics from upstream sources. These
coastal lagoons represent critical regional resources that provide freshwater and
estuarine habitats for numerous plant and animal species .
None of these lagoons are downstream of this project and therefore will not contribute to
the pollutants of concern. The Buena Vista Lagoon and Buena Vista creek are located
within 5 miles of the property and are impaired by coliform bacteria, Nutrients, and
Sediment. However, the runoff from this site does not drain to either of these impaired
water bodies .
The primary constituents of concern are then coliform, nutrients, and sediment.
The sources and activities contributing to the impairments in this area are Urban runoff,
agricultural runoff, sewage spills, and livestock I domestic animals. Coliform bacteria is
generated by fecal material from human and animal waste released in sewage spills .
This project is not likely to produce this constituent of concern. The Secondary
Pollutants of concern are trace minerals and toxins. Possible pollutants found on this
site may include:
Wash down water from Asphalt a)
b)
c)
Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals from pavement surfaces
Sediment from Construction Activities
Project Sed
Category
Parking X
Areas
X= anticipated
P = Potential
Nutrients Hvy Org Comp
Met
p X X
( 1) A potential pollutant if landscaping exists on-site
Trash
&Deb
X
(2) A potential pollutant if the project includes landscaping .
Oxy Dem Oil&
Grease
p X
The fotlowing section will outline the Best Management Practices that will provide for the
protection of the water quality, with respect to the Possible pollutants of concern that are
generated by this project.
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5 . MITIGATION MEASURES TO PROTECT WATER QUALITY
BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES lBMPl
According to the Model Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan for San
Diego County. Port of San Diego. and Cities in San Diego County. (SUSMP).
approved by the San Diego County Regional Water Quality Control Board June
12. 2002, parking areas with more than 5000 s.f. of paving are considered
"priority projects" and therefore have certain storm water mitigation design
requirements. The following a list of those requirements:
Parking area shall include the following:
a)
b)
c)
Where landscaping is proposed in parking areas, incorporate
landscape areas into drainage design .
Overflow parking (parking stalls provided in excess of the
City of Carlsbad's parking requirements, may be constructed
with permeable paving .
Other design concepts that comparable and equally effective.
The majority of the proposed parking areas in this project are covered and therefore are
not subject to runoff. So the actual pollutants will be lessened
Best Management Practices (BMPs) are intended to provide measures which minimize
or eliminate the introduction of pollutants into the storm water system. All constituents
of concern will be removed from the storm water runoff as to minimize impact of
development on impaired water bodies.
5.1 Construction BMPs
To address water quality for the project, BMPs will be implemented during construction
and post-construction. The construction activities are dually regulated by the California
State wide General Construction Permit and San Diego County Ordinances. A grading
and erosion control plan will be processed through the City of Carlsbad. Erosion
Control must be incorporated per City Standards.
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Gravel Bag Barrier
Material Spill Prevention and Control
Spill Prevention and Control
Concrete Waste Management
Water Conservation Practices
Gravel Bag Berm
Material Delivery and Storage
Stockpile Management
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Solid Waste Management
Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit
Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance
Dust Controls
Permanent re-vegetation of all disturbed areas
Scheduling to reduce Erosion of Wind, Rain Runoff
5.2 Post--Construction BMPs
5.2.1. Site Design BMPs
This project was designed to minimize, to the maximum extent practical, the introduction
of pollutants and conditions of concern that may result in significant impacts to the storm
water conveyance system. Site Design BMPs are designed to maintain pre-
development runoff characteristics. The following concepts were applied to this project
in the following manner:
1) Minimize impervious footprint
1) Increase building density
2) Construct Walkways, trails, patios, overflow parking lots and alleys, and other
low-traffic areas with permeable surfaces, such as pervious concrete, porous
asphalt, unit pavers, and granular materials;
3) construct streets, sidewalks, and parking aisles to the minimum widths
necessary, provided that public safety and walkable environment for pedestrians
are not compromised; and
4) minimize the use of impervious surfaces, such as decorative concrete, in the
landscape design.
The project has been designed with maximize parlsing spaces on the 0.84 acre site.
The building has been designed to minimize the footprint by designing it with multi-
stories. Landscape areas border all parking areas. Parking areas are mainly
underground and will not be subject to storm water runoff.
2) Conserve natural area.
1) Concentrate or cluster development on the least environmentally sensitive
portions of a site while leaving the remaining land in a natural undisturbed
condition.
2) Use natural drainage systems to the maximum extent practicable.
This project is a re-development project so there is no "natural area" on the site.
3} Minimize directly connected Impervious Area .
This was not possible. Impervious areas are parking areas and must pe connected .
However, where ever possible landscape areas are provided.
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4) Maximize canopy interception and water conservation.
1) Preserve existing native trees and shrubs; and
2} Plant additional native or drought tolerant trees and large shrubs in place on
non-drought tolerant exotics .
Landscape plan calls for native tree and shrubs.
5) Convey runoff safely from the tops of slopes .
There are no slopes on this project .
6) Vegetate slopes with native or drought tolerant vegetation .
There are no slopes on this proiect.
7) Stabilize permanent channel crossings .
Not-apolicable -No channel crossings.
8) Install energy dissipaters, such as rip-rap, at the outlets of new storm drains, culverts,
conduits, or channels that enter unlined channels in accordance with applicable
specifications to minimize impacts to receiving waters .
This project will drain eventually drain to paved surfaces. The jncrease in 010 for this
oroject is very small and will not need energy dissipaters .
Source Control (Non-structural) BMPs include education, clean-up and facility
maintenance to prevent pollutants from entering the storm water system. Treatment
Control BMPs are facilities designed to remove pollutants of concern from the storm
water conveyance system to the maximum extent practicable through the incorporation
of treatment control BMPs .
The following is a specific list of suggested Source Control BMP's for this project and
discussion of their effectiveness .
5.2.2 Source Control (Non-Structural) BMPs
(N1) Owner Education -The Project Owner will educate employees and tenants
of general good housekeeping practices that contribute to the protection of storm
water quality by providing information on Best Management Practices. (See All
Attachments)
(N2) Activity Restrictions -All activities will comply with Order 2001-01. Waste
Discharge Reauirements of the Urban Runoff From the Municipal Separate Storm
Sewer Systems (MS-4) Regulations, and the City of Carlsbad Municipal Code
and Zoning Ordinance. Specific restrictions of the site will include, but are not
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limited to, the following:
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No Hosing of Paved Area -Parking surfaces and driveways will not be
cleaned by "hosing down", but will instead be swept clean or vacuumed,
with collected waste disposed of in a covered container. Oil stains will not
be cleaned via an acid wash of the driveway. Instead, oil stains and leaks
will cleaned using rags or absorbents, then swept using granular solvent
material, and finally mopped. Mop water shall be disposed of into a
sanitary sewer facility.
Trash -No rubbish, trash, garbage or other waste material shall be kept on-
site or on any public street abutting the properties, except in sanitary
container located in appropriate areas (trash containers).
Drainage -There shall be no interference with or alteration of the
established drainage pattern on the site unless an adequate alternative
provision is made for proper drainage with the prior written approval of the
City.
Outside Storage -Storage of materials will not be allowed outside the main
buildings unless authorized by the governing agencies. A revised SWMP
will be issued in this event detailing the BMPs associated with outdoor
storage.
Pet Waste -Pet waste will be disposed of in trash containers or sewers and
not be allowed in public gutters. ·
· (N3) BMP Maintenance -Owner shall assign a person who will be responsible for
implementation of each non-structural BMP and scheduled cleaning of all structural
BMP facilities. (See Section 5.)
(N4) Local Industrial Permit Compliance-Owner will be responsible for relaying
requirements to any future owner.
(N5) Spill Contingency Plan-Owner shall provide and implement a spill
contingency plan if Hazardous Wastes are known to be stored on property .
(N6) Common Area Litter Control -Owner shall implement a trash management
and litter control program for the reduction of off site migration of trash. Owners
and Tenants will be responsible for having the site inspected twice a week and
cleaned as necessary.
(N7) Owner Training-Owners wiJJ periodically provide information from this
document and available from other Agencies to tenants and employees of good
housekeeping practices that contribute to the protection of storm water quality.
This education will address, but is not limited to the use and storage of chemicals,
13
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1111 -• -• ----------..
pesticides, BMPs regarding site cleanup, litter control and trash collection. (See all
Attachments.)
(N9) Common Area Efficient Irrigation -Irrigation shall be implemented as
indicated on the City approved Landscape Plans and be consistent with City water
conservation resolution. This shall include programmable irrigation and run-off
minimizing landscaping.
(N10) Common Area Runoff-Minimizing Landscape Design-Plants with similar
water requirements shall be grouped in order to minimize the amount of excess
water flow. See NS-1 & NS-7 (attached).
(N11) Catch Basin Stenciling-Phrase "No Dumping-Drains to Ocean" to be
stenciled on catch basin and curb inlet to alert the public to the destination of
pollutants discharged into storm water.
5.2.3. Treatment Control (Structural} BMPs
There will be three Treatment Control BMPs used for this project .
Roof Surface from Basin D
Flow based BMPs will be designed to mitigate (infiltrate~ filter or treat) the flow of runoff
produced from a 24-hour 85th percentile storm event, as determined from the local
historical rainfall record and shown on the official County lsopluvial Map for the 85th
percentile storm.
(S1) Water Quality Filters .. Roof drains -Runoff from roofs will be directed to
roof drains with water quality filters. These filters are installed for the removal of
non-soluble pollutants normally found on building roofs such as sediment, gravel,
hydrocarbons. See Attachment "8" for Specification.
Efficiency: Likely to have a significant impact on Sediment and Non-visible
pollutants.
• Flow based calculation: --..
•
• -..
Q=CI A Q = allowable Q
I= 0.2 inlhr for 6 hour event
A= Impervious Surface = 0.12 ac .
C = coefficient of runoff = 1.0
Q = C I A= 1.0(.2) (.12) = 0.02 cfs .
14
-•
111111 The allowable filtering Q for the designed filter is 0.35 cfs
Ill -.. -
• • --.. -...
• ... -... -------• -• ...
• -.. -• -•
Volume based and Flow based BMPs will be designed to mitigate (infiltrate, filter or treat)
the volume of runoff produced from a 24-hour 85th percentile storm event, as determined
form the local historical rainfall record and shown on the official County lsopluvial Map for
the 85th percentile storm. The Volume is calculated as:
Basin B & C
Flow based calculation:
Q=CIA Q = allowable Q
I= 0.2 in/hr
A= Impervious Surface= 0.49 ac .
C = coefficient of runoff= 1.0
Q =CIA= 1.0(.2) (.31) = 0.06 cfs .
The allowable Q for the channel is 1.12 cfs
Basin B site will have a landscaped vegetative swale located at the southeasterly section
of the property. This swale will be each 3' wide X 65' long X .33' deep @ 1.6% providing
an allowable Q of 1.12 cfs .
See Attachment "8" for specifications of this Treatment BMPs. Further investigation into
this design will be done as the drainage and grading are in the final phase.
(82) Grass Lined Swale -Runoff from the impervious portion of the driveway and
a portion of the roof will be directed to a the infiltrative channel before discharging
to the public street. This channel will be maintained by the property owner. See
"Attachment 8" for design criteria and Site Plan for locations.
Grass Lined channels that receive directed flow and convey storm water. Pollutants
are removed through the grass, sedimentation, adsorption to soil particles, and
infiltration through soil. This infiltrative channel is mainly effective at removing
debris and solid particles, although some dissolved constituents are removed by
adsorption onto the soil .
Efficiency: Likely to have a significant impact on Sediment, debris and Non-visible
pollutants, such as fertilizer .
Basin A
V=Aa CP V = required storage volume of the Detention Basin
15
-• .. .. -• -.. -•
• •
• • -• -.. -------.. ---• -• ---• --
A = area of proposed increased impervious surface = 6484 s.f .
a=1
C =coefficient of runoff= 1.0
P = Precipitation = 0.6" = .054'
V = 6484 X 1 X 1 X .054 = 350 CF
(S3) Detention Basin (Vertical) -Runoff from Basin A will be directed toward a
vertical detention basin. This vertical detention basin will be a 36" pipe standing
vertically which will provide for onsite filtration of the water quality volume
calculated for the increase in impervious surface created by this project. See Site
Plan for locations and Attachment "B" for Specification .
Efficiency: likely to have a significant impact on Sediment and Non-visible
pollutants.
Underground Parking (Garage) Areas
(S4) Water Quality Filters -Undrgound Parking Areas -All drainage waters
within the underground garage shall be collected in a filtration devise and pumped
to the onsite surface drainage system. See Site Plan for locations and Attachment
"B" for Specification.
The allowable filtering flow is 0.4 cfs which is acceptable for this underground area
which will not received Storm Drain runoff, but only wash water runoff.
6. MAINTENANCE STORMWATER MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Pollution Prevention BMPs (MEP based): The owner of the hotel will be responsible for
developing a plan to educate new employees regarding limiting exposure of pollutants to
storm water. This plan will include education regarding proper use and disposal of
pollutants and a plan for Spill Cleanup procedures and may include all Attachments
included in this SWMP.
Operation & Maintenance Program
The operation and maintenance for the Roof drain filters will be done by Kristar or other
certified company. The recommended maintenance for this BMP is quarterly maintenance
including 3 inspections & cleaning and 1 filter change. See Attachment "B" for this
Specification.
The operational and maintenance needs of a Rock Lined Swale and Rain Garden are:
16
-..
1111111
il -•
• •
1111111
• ..
•
• •
1111111
• -• -.. -----• -•
• -• -• -•
•
Vegetation management to maintain adequate hydraulic functioning and to limit
habitat for disease-carrying animals.
Animal and vector control.
Periodic sediment removal to optimize performance.
Trash, debris, grass trimmings, tree pruning, and leaf collection and removal to
prevent obstruction of a Swale and monitoring equipment.
Removal of standing water, which may contribute to the development of aquatic
plant communities or mosquito breeding areas .
Removal of graffiti.
Preventive maintenance on sampling, flow measurement, and associated BMP
equipment and structures.
Erosion and structural maintenance to prevent the loss of soil and maintain the
performance of the Swale .
Inspection Frequency
The facility will be inspected and inspection visits will be completely documented:
Once a month at a minimum .
After every large storm (after every storm monitored or those storms with more than
0.50 inch of precipitation.)
On a weekly basis during extended periods of wet weather .
Aesthetic and Functional Maintenance
Aesthetic maintenance is important for public acceptance of stormwater facilities.
Functional maintenance is important for performance and safety reasons.
Both forms of maintenance will be combined into an overall Stormwater Management
System Maintenance.
Aesthetic Maintenance
The following activities will be included in the aesthetic maintenance program:
Graffiti Removal. Graffiti will be removed in a timely manner to improve the appearance of
the Swale & Rain Garden and to discourage additional graffiti or other acts of vandalism .
Grass Trimming. Trimming of grass will be done on the Swale and Rain Garden, around
fences, at the inlet and outlet structures, and sampling structures .
Weed Control. Weeds will be removed through mechanical means. Herbicide will not be
used because these chemicals may impact the water quality monitoring .
Functional Maintenance
Functional maintenance has two components:
1) Preventive maintenance
2) Corrective maintenance
-• -
• -• -• -
• • ..
• -• -------• -• -• -• -•
• -•
1) Preventive Maintenance
Preventive maintenance activities to be instituted at a Swale & Rain Garden are:
c) Grass Mowing. Vegetation seed mix within the Swale & Rain Garden is designed to
be kept short to maintain adequate hydraulic functioning and to limit the
development of faunal habitats.
d) Trash and Debris. During each inspection and maintenance visit to the site, debris
and trash removal wiJJ be conducted to reduce the potential for inlet and outlet
structures and other components from becoming clogged and inoperable during
storm events .
e) Sediment Removal. Sediment accumulation, as part of the operation and
maintenance program at a Swale & Rain Garden, will be monitored once a month
during the dry season, after every large storm (0.50 inch), and monthly during the
wet season. Specifically, if sediment reaches a level at or near plant height, or
could interfere with flow or operation, the sediment will be removed. If accumulation
of debris or sediment is determined to be the cause of decline in design
performance, prompt action {i.e., within ten working days) will be taken to restore
the Swale & Rain Garden to design performance standards. Actions will include
using additional fill and vegetation and/or removing accumulated sediment to
correct channeling or ponding. Characterization and Appropriate disposal of
sediment will comply with applicable local, county, state, or federal requirements.
The Swale & Rain Garden will be regraded, if the flow gradient has changed, and
then replanted with sod.
f) Removal of Standing Water. Standing water must be removed if it contributes to
the development of aquatiC plant communities or mosquito breeding areas.
g) Mechanical and Electronic Components. Regularly scheduled maintenance will be
performed on fences, gates, locks, and sampling and monitoring equipment in
accordance with the manufacturers' recommendations. Electronic and mechanical
components will be operated during each maintenance inspection to assure
continued performance.
h) Fertilization and Irrigation. The vegetation seed mix has been designed so that
fertilization and irrigation is not necessary. Fertilizers and irrigation will not be used
to maintain the vegetation .
i) Elimination of Mosguito Breeding Habitats. The most effective mosquito control
program is one that eliminates potential breeding habitats.
Corrective Maintenance
Corrective maintenance is required on an emergency or non-routine basis to correct
problems and to restore the intended operation and safe function of a Swale & Rain
Garden. Corrective maintenance activities include:
Removal of Debris and Sediment. Sediment, debris, and trash, which impede the
hydraulic functioning of a Swale & Rain Garden and prevent vegetative growth, will
be removed and properly disposed. Temporary arrangements will be made for
handling the sediments until a permanent arrangement is made. Vegetation will be
reestablished after sediment removal .
-• -• -----• -.. --
• ..
• -----.. --..
•
.. -.. ..
• .. .. -..
Structural Repairs. Once deemed necessary, repairs to structural components of a
Swale & Rain Garden and its inlet and outlet structures will be done within 10
working days. Qualified individuals (i.e.~ the designers or contractors) will conduct
repairs where structural damage has occurred.
Embankment and Slope Repairs. Once deemed necessary, damage to the
embankments and slopes of Swale & Rain Gardens will be repaired within 1 0
working days).
Erosion Repair. Where a reseeding program has been ineffective, or where other
factors have created erosive conditions (i.e., pedestrian traffic, concentrated flow,
etc.), corrective steps will be taken to prevent loss of soil and any subsequent
danger to the performance of a Swale & Rain Garden. There are a number of
corrective actions than can be taken. These include erosion control blankets,
riprap, sodding, or reduced flow through the area. Designers or contractors will be
consulted to address erosion problems if the solution is not evident.
Fence Repair. Repair offences will be done within 30 days to maintain the security
of the site.
Elimination of Animal Burrows. Animal burrows will be filled and steps taken to
remove the animals if burrowing problems continue to occur (filling and
compacting). If the problem persists, vector control specialists will be consulted
regarding removal steps. This consulting is necessary as the threat of rabies in
some areas may necessitate the animals being destroyed rather than relocated. If
the BMP performance is affected, abatement will begin. Otherwise, abatement will
be performed annually in September.
General Facility Maintenance. In addition to the above elements of corrective
maintenance, general corrective maintenance will address the overall facility and its
associated components. If corrective maintenance is being done to one component, other
components will be inspected to see if maintenance is needed.
Maintenance Frequency
The maintenance indicator document, included as Appendix B, lists the schedule of
maintenance activities to be implemented at a Swale & Rain Garden.
Debris and Sediment Disposal Waste generated at SwaJe & Rain Gardens is ultimately
the responsibility of the owner of the property. Disposal of sediment, debris, and trash will
comply with applicable local, county, state, and federal waste control programs. Table
3.1.2.1 shows a few possible disposal services for waste material.
Hazardous Waste Suspected hazardous wastes will be analyzed to determine disposal
options. Hazardous wastes generated onsite will be handled and disposed of according to
applicable 11al, state, and federal regulations. A solid or liquid waste is considered a
hazardous waste if it exceeds the criteria listed in the CAR, Title 22, Article 11 .
Maintenance Responsibility: All BMPs and erosion control devices shall be maintained,
repaired and replaced as needed by the Owner. The operation and maintenance
requirements for post-construction BMPs are shown in Table 6.1
-• -TABLE 6.1
• P t t cf BMP P os -cons ru ton s t f M . t reven a 1ve am enance an dR f cf ou me nspe ton .. Type ofBMP: Roof Drains with Water Quality Filters -(51} -Routine Action Visual Inspection monthly
• 3 annual cleanings and replace of filter
annually -• Maintenance Indicator Accumulation of silt and debris. Signs of
erosion. -• Field Measurement Accumulation of debris in basket
-Measurement Frequency Inspect system monthly
• Maintenance Activity Remove debris ..
• Type of BMP: Grass Lined Drainage Swale -(52)
• Routine Action Visual Inspection ..
Maintenance Indicator Plant health and excessive foliage -Field Measurement Excessive foliage & grass height --Measurement Frequency Weekly
-Maintehance Activity Water, fertilize, prune, mow --Type ofBMP: Detention Basin (Vertical) -(53) -Routine Action Visual Inspection •
Maintenance Indicator Plant health and excessive foliage -• Field Measurement Excessive foliage & grass height -Measurement Frequency Weekly
• Maintenance Activity Remove debris and maintain landscaping -• -• -•
-• -.. -.. -----•
•
• -• -• -----------• -• -• -• -•
Type of BMP: Water Quality Filter for Underground
Parking
(S4)
Routine Action Visual Inspection monthly
3 annual cleanings and replace of filter
annually
Maintenance Indicator Accumulation of silt and debris. Signs of
erosion.
Field Measurement Accumulation of debris in basket
Measurement Frequency Inspect system monthly
Maintenance Activity Remove debris
The maintenance of post-construction BMPs will be the responsibility of the Owner of the
project. The average annual cost for maintaining the Vegetated Swale & Rain Garden will
be $1000/year. The average cost for maintaining Roof Drain & Underground Parking
Water Quality Filters is estimated at approximately $3000/year .
----... ---
---..
---
-
·-
-... ..
... .. .. -.. -
""" ..
...
Certification of Responsibility
Inspection and maintenance of BMPs is the responsibility of Owner of this project.
A contract for trash management and litter control and landscape maintenance, will
be made with outside contractors, as necessary.
The future tenants will be instructed about environmental procedure regarding
contamination and clean-up procedures.
All documents, including this Storm Water Management Plan, relating to site
maintenance will be kept on-site and will be made available to county Inspector,
upon request.
The following person is in responsible charge of education of tenants & employees,
and implementation and maintenance of the required BMP's. Subsequent owners
shall obtain said responsibilities.
Name: Dahya and Sha aben Patel l!atrJoi;J . ' wt .
Telephone: (714) 480-0661
1 '
; /, jc[;
Date
The Stormwater Management Plan has been prepared under the direction of the following
Registered Civil Engineer. The Registered Civil Engineer attests to the to technical
information contained herein and the engineering data upon which recommendations,
conclusions, and ecisions are based.
ICJ{It { Ot;
Date
-• -• -
---------• -• ---------• ---• -• ..
• -•
ATTACHMENT "A"
-• -• -.. -
---
-• -• -• -..
-------• ..
• -• -• -• -•
PRELIMINARY
HYDROLOGY REPORT
FOR
DKN HOTELS
540 GOLAN CIRCLE DRIVE
SUITE 214
SANTA ANA, CA 92705
PROJECT
SPRINGHILL SUITES
RP 05-03/DEV 05-19/ZC 05-02/GPA 05-05/LCPA
05-02/SDP 05-04/EIA 05-02
PREPARED BY:
Aquaterra Engineering Inc.
1843 Campesino Place
Oceanside, CA 92054
tete: 760-439-2802
fax: 760-439-2866
October 10, 2005
-• -• -... -----.. -
Hydrology & Hydraulics Report
City of Carlsbad
This Hydraulics and Hydrology Report was prepared using the following
Manuals:
Hydrology Manual, June 2003, County of San Diego
Drainage of Highway Pavements, U.S. Dept. of Transportation
• The Rational Method was used to determine the 100 yr. storm Q values. -.. ---..
--
..
------• -•
•
•
The Rational Method uses the following formula to establish the flow:
where,
Q=CIA
Q = the peak runoff in cubic feet per second
C = Runoff coefficient representing the ratio of runoff to
rainfall
I = time average intensity in inches per hour
A = Area of the subbasin in acres
--• -• -----• -• -•
• • -----...
---• -.. -• -.. -.. --
HYDROLOGY REPORT
) .· )
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l I I I I I
\ I I
County of San Diego
Hydrology Manual
Rainfall /sopluvials
100 Yenr Rnlnfnll Evoot • 6 Hours
lsopluvial (lllchas)
··\\·~-~-.,. ==.-.::.:::::=:-.:::::·=~ ....,,_.n,:nfJSifDMI. .... ,......,...., ....... ...,._.. ....... '-~-· ...,. .. s..aoot'....-ttn-saon.r.....,._
3 0 3 Miles ,...__ .
I I I I I I I I
) )
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 4 I I I I I I I I I I I I I
County of San Diego
Hydrology Manual
Rainfalllsopluvials
100 Year Ralnfnll Event~ 24 Hours
lsopfuvlal(lnclles)
-lw~:wto-1! 5.$::.~~~~
I 1 .. I I
...... ~INt_.....,_..,.....,..._~ ... ........... ., ...... ._111:1.
I I I I I II
-• -• -----•
.. -.. -• -• ---------
---• -• -• -•
(/
San Diego County Hydrology Manual
· Date: June 2003
Section:
Page:
3
12 of26
Note that the Initial Time of Concentration should be reflective of the general land-use at the
upstream end of a drainage basin. A single lot with an area of two or less acres does not have
a significant effect wpere the drainage basin area is 20 to 600 acres.
Table 3-2 provides limits of the length (Maximum Length (LM)) of sheet flow to be used in -----hydrology studies. Initial Ti values based on average C values for the Land Use Element are
also included. These values can be used in planning and design applications as described
below. Exceptions may be approved by the '"Regulating Agency'' when submitted with a .
detailed study .
Table 3-2
MAXIMUM OVERLAND FLOW LENGTH (LM)
& INITIAL TIME OF CONCENTRATION (Ttl
Element* DU/ .5% 1% 2% 3% 5% 10%
Acre LM Ti LM Ti LM Ti LM Ti LM Ti LM Ti
Natural 50 13.2 70 12.5 85 10.9 100 10.3 100 8.7 100 6.9
LDR 1 50 12.2 70 11.5 85 10.0 100 9.5 100 8.0 100 6.4
LDR 2 50 11.3 70 10.5 85 9.2 100 8.8 100 7.4 100 5.8
LDR 2.9 50 10.7 70 10.0 . 85 8.8 95 8.1 100 7.0 100 5.6
MDR 4.3 50 10.2 70 9.6 80 8.1 95 7.8 100 6.7 100 5.3
MDR 7.3 50 9.2 65 8.4 80 7.4 95 7.0 100 6.0 100 4.8
MDR 10.9 50 8.7 65 7.9 80 6.9 90 6.4 100 5.7 100 4.5
MDR 14.5 50 8.2 65 7.4 80 6.5 90 6.0 100 5.4 100 4.3
HDR 24 50 6.7 65 6.1 75 5.1 90 4.9 95 4.3 100 3.5
HDR 43 50 5.3 65 4.7 75 4.0 85 3.8 95 3.4 100 2.7
N.Com 50 5.3 60 4.5 75 4.0 85 3.8 95 3.4 100 2.7 ..
G. Com I 50 4.7 60 4.1 75 3.6 85 3.4 90 2.9 100 2.4
O.PJCom 50 4.2 60 3.7 70 3.1 80 2.9 90 2.6 100 2.2
Limited I. 50 4.2 60 3.7 70 3.1 80 2.9 90 2.6 100 2.2
;
~"*See Table 3-1 for more detailed descriptio~. General I. 50 3.7 60 3.2 70 2.7 80 2.6 90 2.3 100 1.9
3-12
I J II II II II II II I II II II II II •1 II II II 1• II
San Diego County Hydrology Manual
Date: June 2003
Table 3-1
Section:
Page:
RUNOFF COEFFICIENTS FOR URBAN AREAS
Land Use Runoff Coefficient "C"
Soil Txpe
. NRCS Elements Conn Elements %IMPER. A B
Undisturbed Natural Terrain (Natural) Pennnnent Open Space 0* 0.20 0.25
-Low Density Residential (LDR) Residential, 1.0 DU/A or less 10 0.27 0.32
Low Density Residential (LOR) Residential, 2.0 DU/A or less 20 0.34 0.38
Low Density Residential (LOR) Residential, 2.9 DU/A or less 25 0.38 0.41
Medium Density Residential (MDR) Residential, 4.3 DU/A or less 30 0.41 0.45
Medium Density Residential (MDR) Residential, 7.3 DU/A or less 40 0.48 0.51
.Medium Density Residential (MDR) Residential, 10.9 DU/A or less 45 0.52 0.54
Medium Density Residential (MDR) Residential, 14.5 DU/A or less 50 0.55 0.58
High Density Residential (HDR) Residential, 24.0 DU/A or less 65 0.66 0.67
High Density Residential (HDR) Residential, 43.0 DU/A or less 80 0.76 0.77
~~ommerc~l/l~ustri!~(N~EIL Neighbo~ood Com~ercia~_ 80 0.76 0.77
<&>.-<,..-~~···-
CommerciaVIndustrial (G. Com) General Commercial 85 0.80 0.80
Commercial/lndustrial (O.P. Com) Office Professional/Commercial 90 0.83 0.84
Commercial/lndustrial (Limited I.) Limited Industrial 90 0.83 0.84
General Industrial 95 0.87 0.87
c
0.30
0.36
0.42
0.45
0.48
0.54
0.57
0.60
0.69
0.1'8
0.78
0.81
0.84
0.84
0.87
3
6of26
D
0.35
0.41
0.46
0.49
0.52
0.57
0.60
0.63
0.71
0.79
0.79
0.82
0.85
0.85
0.87
*The values associated with 0% impervious may be used for direct calculation of the runoff coefficient as described in Section 3.1.2 (representing the pervious mnoff
coefficient, Cp, for the soil type), or for areas that will remain undisturbed in perpetuity. Justification must be given that the area will remain natural forever (e.g., the area
is located in Cleveland National Forest).
DU/ A= dwelling units per acre
NRCS =National Resources Conservation Service
3-6
• .. -----•
•
• ..
Ill ---• ---.. -... --
•
~
0
...¢,
0
SOIL SURVEY MAP (U.SaD.A.)
SAN LUIS REV QUADRANGLE
SHEET22
SCALE 1"=2000'
----... ..
-----
-..
--..
• ---------•
• • -• -• -• -•
TABLE 11.--INTERPRETATIONS FOR LAND MANAGEMENT--Continued
Map
symbo
LfE
LpB
LpC
LpC2
LpD2
LpE2
LrE
LrE2
Soil
Las Flores-Utban land complex, 9 to 30 percent slopes:
Las Flores--------------------------------------------
Urban land--------------------------------------------
Las Posas fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------
Las Posas fine sandy loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes----------
Las Posas fine sandy loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes,
eroded.
Las Posas fine sandy loam, 9 to 15 percent slopes,
eroded.
Las Posas fine sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes,
eroded.
Las Posas stony fine sandy loam, 9 to 30 percent
slopes.
Las Posas
slopes,
LrG Las Posas
stony fine sandy loam, 9 to 30 percent
eroded.
stony fine sandy loam, 30 to 65 percent
LsE
LsF
slopes .
Linne clay loam, 9 to 30 percent slopes------------------
Linne clay loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes-----------------
Lu Loamy alluvial land--------------------------------------
LvF3 Loamy alluvial land-Huerhuero complex, 9 to SO percent
slopes, severely eroded:
Loamy alluvial land----------------------------------
Huerhuero--------------------------------------------
Md Made land------------------------------------------------
Hydro-
logic
group
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
c c
B
D
D
D
A
A."" m~-·-'" ~~i~t·¥o~{~fi~·-::I~:·-~·"~~ .;(jP.~~;~~}t s ~~~~~~====-=-=-=_,_..._::,:.....
MnA Mecca coarse sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------
MnB ~ecca coarse sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-----------
MeA ~ecca sandy loam, saline, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------
MpA2 ~ecca fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, eroded-----
MrG ~etamoTphic rock land------------------------------------
MvA Mottsville loamy coarse sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes------
MvC MOttsville loamy coarse sand, 2 to 9 percent slopes------
MvD Mottsville loamy coarse sand, 9 to 15 percent slopes-----
MxA Mottsville loamy coarse sand, \~et, 0 to 2 percent
OhC
OhE
OhF
OkC
slopes.
Olivenhain cobbly loam, 2 to 9 percent slopes------------
Olivenhain cobbly loam, 9 to 30 percent slopes-----------
Olivenhain cobbly loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes----------
Olivenhain-Urban land complex, 2 to 9 percent slopes:
Olivenhain-------------------------------------------
Urban land-------------------------------------------
OkE Olivenhain-Urban land complex, 9 to 30 percent slopes:
PeA
Pee
PeC2
PeD2
PfA
Olivenhain-------------------------------------------
Urban land-------------------------------------------
Placentia sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------
Placentia sandy loam, 2 to 9 percent slopes--------------
Placentia sandy loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes, eroded------
Placentia sandy loam, 9 to 15 percent slopes, eroded-----
Placentia sandy loam, thick surface, 0 to 2 percent
slopes.
PfC Placentia sandy loam, thick surface, 2 to 9 percent
slopes .
Py Playas---------------------------------------------------
See footnotes at end of table .
36
B
B
B
B
D
A
A
A
D
D
D
D
0
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
0
Erodibility
Moderate 2----
Moderate 2----
Moderate 2----
Moderate 2----
Moderate 1---
Moderate 1---
Moderate 1---
Severe 1-----
~federate 2---
Severe 1-----Severe 16----
Severe 1-----
Severe 1-----
Severe 2-----
Severe 2-----
Severe 16
Severe 16
Severe 16
Severe 16
Severe 1-----Severe 2-----
Severe 2-----
Severe 2-----
Severe 2-----
Severe 16----
Severe 16----
Severe 1-----
Severe 9-----
Severe 9-----
Severe 9-----
Severe 9-----
Severe 16----
Severe 16----
Moderate 2
l.imi ta.t.:. :::-~;:.
comre:-::. ~-:
free i:;:-·..:..; •
g=a..:=.
Sli~~::-. :::. ;-:.~ .:.::. ;:::·:·
' Slight.
Slight.
Moderate.
Moderate.
Moderate.
Moderate.
Moderate.
Slight.
Severe.
Severe.
Sl i_gh t -~----Slight.
Severe.
Slight. 4,
Slight. ~
Slight. ~
Slight. !!
Slight.
Slight.
Moderate.
Slight.
Slight.
Slight.
Slight.
Slight.
Slight.
1 1 I 1 I J I I -. I I I I I 1 J I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
SUMMARY TABLE OF HYDROLOGY CALCULATIONS
HAMPTON INN SUITES
05-03/DEV 05-19/ZC 05-02/GPA 05-05/LCPA 05-02/SDP 05-04/EIA 05-02/CDP
EXISTING
CONDITION
BASIN A
BASIN B
BASIN C
BASIN 0
POST
-CONSTRUCTION
BASIN A
BASIN B
BASIN C
BASIN D
c
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
0.76
Tc
(min.)
7.1
7.1
6.2
5.6
6.1
6.1
6.2
5.9
I
("lhr)
5.25
5.25
5.73
6.12
5.79
5.79
5.73
5.92
A
(acres)
0.27
0.62
0.26
0.09
0.23
0.23
0.31
0.12
Q
(cfs)
1.1
2.5
1.1
0.4
1.0
1.0
1.3
0.5
1.4
<0.7>
-0-
<0.8>
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10.0 ~ , ..... ,r--. v;u 1'-Dintctlons for Application:
A. r-. ' I"" ~
·.o...., ' ' r-.. "i'~ (1} From precipitation maps determine 6 hr and 24 hr amounts
' '" ~" .. ~~ for the selected frequency. These maps are Included in the
An " EQUATION County Hydrology Manual (10, 50, and 100 yr maps Included
·~ '""'' ~ 1-~ :-.."" f = 7.44 P6 0-0.645 In the Design and Procedure Manual).
li (2) Adjust 6 hr precipitation (If necessary) so that it is within ""~ ..... I ::: Intensify (lnlhr)
..... "~-o. ~ Ps = the range of 45% to 65% of the 24 hr precipitation (not
4" ' ~ 6-Hour Precipitation ( In)
...... ~ "'r-., D = Duration (min) applicaple to Desert).
I' ..... .. , r-., r-(3) Plot 6 hr precipitation on the right side of the chart .
~n
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..... (5) This line Is the Intensity-duration curve for the location r--. ..... ..... ,, being analyzed .
'3" ....
""'r-.. ~ ........ .... ~ Application Fonn:
......... .... ..... ~ ... ..... ~ lfl {a) Selected frequency __ year ''F ~ "~ ::t
'"' 0 p s .... c: (b) P6 = 2 .. !; ln .• p24 = ~, P 6 = ~ %<21 1--r .. I' I'
.,
'1J "~ I' a ? s; 24
l~: Q. (c) Adjusted p6C21 = ~in. 6.0 "2. I' 5.5 ~ lin " 5.0 ~ (d) tx = __ min.
ijo.r " 4.6 3' (e) I = __ in.lhr.
I' I'
0
n 4.0 i
3.5.!!!. Note: This chart replaces the Intensity-Duration-Frequency o.• ·~
~ 3.0 curves used since 1965.
n 2.5 t>s---..J I ! t \ -...J--h ____ L__,
~' .... r-+···1~~5F11·1r-Fri:~s: 4 ···4.11 . !l . !;i~--i_!_·
"r--ourliiiOn -r-J-·----·;··· , I I 2.0 I . I , I
0.3 f..---s ~--~63~~~ 6.27J6.59~1~:~. , ••• 11 ... t'.,r 7 2.12 3.18 4.2~)11.30 ~~~.?'.::!.~ --10 .l.48 • ~M-1~~Q. J!~ . .!b?,g .. J& ~:53 ~·;E.J4,g1. ~~~5.90 6.74!7.59 !8.42 9.27 10.11
1.5
__ ,_, __ 15
~-.1:~!!. !:'?!i 3.24 13.~JL~ t~~~'~·H:!l~.· -7.13 _7.7!. -20 .J~~~-2.15~1! ~j3.n n =--·-.. ~ 4 85,5.39 ·~ ...§.46. ~ ··1r ....... I ... ~ ~jlf ~<R ~~ 0.83 T24 1:86 2.01 2:49 2"]0 iii;li!i 1.0 40 i!~!1!~~ ----so ----eo ~~l~-.g:!!!. 2;~~ )?.eg_ -~·Jt -go 0.41 0.61 0.82 J 1.02 1.23 1.43 ...!.!.~-1.111.. 2.lf-:2.25 ~~ ---;Zii 0.=!4 0.51 ~:;¥a~ 1.02 1.19 ..1,311 ua; qo .. 1.87 2.04 --tso ~ o-:44~! o.1s o.ao T.o3 1.18 1.3211.47 1.62 1.76
o .• ~ U6439~~~M1 1.04 1.18 1.31_j_1.44 I 1.67
5 8 ·o 15 20 ~() 40 !iO 2 4 . 5 240 ~ 0.33 o.4s OJ)4 o.e~ o.76 .m. ~~-J-!:!!..,1.19 1.30
Minutes Hours f--· 300 0.19 0.28 0.~ lf.1?J.Q~S6 6:66 0.75 0.85. 0.94 1.03 1.13
Duration 360 0.17 0.25 0.33 0.42 i 0.50 0.58 o.s1 o.75 1 o.84 r o.92 1.00
.. . -FIGURE
Intensity-Duration Design Chart-Template 3-1
( \. ~ ..
-• -• -... ---•
• ..
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-• -----.. ---.. -.. --
AE
Feet
5000
4000
Tc
Tc
L
..6.E
=
= =
=
EQUATiON
c~~3Y.385
Time of concentration (houn>)
Watercourse Distance (miles)
Change In elevation along
effective slope fine (See Rgure J..5)(feet)
3000 Tc
Hours Minutes
2000
3
2
1 60
300
50
200
L Miles Feet
100
20 .
3000
0.5 ' ' 201)() ' ' 1800 ' 1600 ' 1400 ' 1200
1000
900
800
700
600 5
500
400
5
L Tc
SOURCE: California Division of Highways (19,41) and Kirpich (1940)
Nomograph for Determination of
Time of Concentration (Tc) or Travel Time (Tf) for Natural Wltersheds
, .. ----...... .... ,
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Engineerina Inc.
1843 Campesino PYace
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Fax: (760) .439-2866
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2> FOR GRASS DR TURF OPTION, INSTALL LANDLDK
TRM 450 TURF REINFORCEMENT MAT.
SCALE: 1"=20'
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Tele: (760) 439-2802
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ATTACHMENT "B"
---
-.. --
... -.. -
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Ill
Flo-Gard™ Downspout Filter
A multi-model building-mounted filter designed to collect particulates, debris, metals and petroleum hydrocarbons from
rooftop stormwater runoff.
The working chamber of the Downspout Filter is made of a durable dual-wall geotextile fabric liner encapsulating an
adsorbent which is easily replaced and provides for flexibility, ease of maintenance and economy. It is designed to collect
particulates and debris, as well as metals and petroleum hydrocarbons (oils and greases). As with all Flo-GardTM filters,
the Downspout Filter performs as an effective filtering device at low flows ("first flush") and, because of the built-in high
flow bypass, will not impede the system's maximum design flow.
Flo-GardTM Downspout Filters are available in sizes to frt common sizes of downspouts and may be mounted in
(recessed) or on (flush) a wall.
Flo-Gard™ Downspout Filters are recommended for ultra-urban sites with little to no property area outside of the building
perimeter. Examples of such areas are downtown buildings and parking garages .
See full specifications for details .
• Questions? Contact Kristar at (BOO) 579-8819. 05/03/04 -•
---------------------• ..
• -•
•
Inlet ID .Box Dim.
Model No. nn dia.) {in ·x in x in)
FG·DS4 .4 .14x24x7.5
.FG-DS6 .6 .14x24x7.5
FG-DS8 .8 22x28x 17.!
FG-DS10 .10 .22 X 51 X 17.5
• NOTES:
• -.. -• -• -•
.1. Storage capacity l1lflec:ls 80% 1:4 fiiiXinun solids
. collection prior to~ filllering bypass.
2. Filttnd tlow rate includlls allflty factDr d 2.
3. FbGird Downspout Fillets ... available
. With standard Fossil Rock or zeolilll adsorbent
. Call !'or details on specialty adscxbents.
A. flo.OIRttfllus filter inserts shauld be used In co!1unction
. Willi regular mdiiiiii•IC! program. Refer to
. 11111111fac:11n .. s I1ICillllllll'l f!llinll!nance guidelines.
.US PAlENl'PEN:JING
.Solids Storage .Filtered Flow .Total Bypass
.Capacity (cu ft) (cfs) . Cap. (cfs)
.0.35 .0.35 .1.15
.0.35 .0.35 .1.15
2.60· .1.40 4.35
.5.20 2.60 .4.35
.FLO-GARD ·™
.DOWNSPOUT FILTER
KriStar Enterprises, Inc., Santa Rosa, CA (BOO) 579-8619
-------------.. ------• • -Ill ..
• -.. -• -• -• -• -•
14.00'
O'E
JSPATI:NT
~ ...
-r-
~~ [~~~~~~]
r1E ,.. ·-,_ I-'
"
I 3118"
I
I !:til
.NOTES:
.1. FJo-GanfTM Dawnspout Filller Is milable fo fit most industry-
standard downspouts (see specilioations) •
.2. Filter insert shall haM ICiequate bypass capacity fo allow
. cbNnspout fo tlow lrimpeded at all times.
.3. Filtar assembly shall be consiructld tram stainless steel
. (Type304~
4. Filw medium shd be zeoDte Installed and maintained
in acoo~danoe Wit manufacturer 111C1011tiM'tdations.
.FLO-GARD™ DOWNSPOUT FILTER
FOR 4"/6" DOWNSPOUTS
.(Models FF-054 & FF-056)
J<riStar Enterprises, Inc., Sam Rosa, CA (Em) 579-8819
.06/04
-------------.. ------• •
• • ..
• -• -• ..
• -• -.. -•
22.£J:D'
.. .m:r
23.501"
.USPAlENT
.«<!' IG
s!xr
------
••
•31oc 33ixxr
•
NOTES:
.1. FJo.Gard™ OcMtlspout Filter Is available to tit most lnclus1ry·
standard domspauts (see specifications~
.2. F"IIW insert shaft have adequate bypass capacity to allow
. downspout tD flow unimpeded at all times.
.3. Fillllr assembly shall be constructed fn:lm stainltsS steel
. (1Ype304~
4. Fillllr medium shall be zeolite lnstaUed and llllintained
in accordance v.tth manufaclurar recommendations
FLO-GARD™ DOWNSPOUT FILTER
.FOR 8" DOWNSPOUTS
~Model FF-058)
KriStar Enterprises, Inc., Sarta Rosa, CA (OCO) 579-8819
D7/04
·-
iM
--·-------• --------
•
• • ..
• ..
• -•
• • -• -• -•
2x6-16" spacing Ao-Gard™ Downspout Filter
Installed 2x8 -24" spacing
Flexible Pipe Coupfings
NOTES:
.1. Flo-Gft™ Co\\nspout Filter Is available iD tit most industry·
. standard downspouts (see specifications~
2. Flltar insert shaD have adequatlt bypass capacity ID aBow
. clov.nspout tD flow unimpeded at all limes.
3. FIHir assembly shall be construcbld from stainless steel
. (Type 304).
4. Filtar medium shall be zeolite Installed and maintained
. In aocordance with manufacturer recommendations
.US PATENT
..
.FLO-GARD™ DOWNSPOUT FILTER
.FOR 4"/fi' DOWNSPOUTS
.(V\bod Framing Recessed Installation)
KriStar Enterprises, lro., Sarta Rosa, CA (tnJ) 579-8819
-------1111 -• -
-------•
IIIII
•
IIIII •
• •
• • -• -• ..
•
• • ..
•
.NOTES:
Flo-Gard™ DoVIII'lSpout Filter
Installed
Aexible Pipe Couplings
.1. Flo-GarcfTM ll:Mftspout Filter Is available to fit most Industry·
. standard dov.nspouts (see speoillcallons~
2. Flltlr Insert stta1 have adequate bypass capacity to aflow
. dovmspout to llow unimpeded at Ill times.
3. Filter assembly shall be constructad from stainless steel
. (Type 304).
A. Filter medium shall be zeollflllnstalled and maintained
. in accordance \\4th manufacturer racornmendation.
.USPAlENT
14" Reinforced Concrete
Colurm or \/\all
.Optional Mounting Brackets
FLO-GARDTM DOWNSPOUT FILTER
FOR 4"/fl' DOWNSPOUTS
.(COnaete Will Surface Installation)
.KriStar Enterprises, I~ .• Sarta Rosa, CA (BOO) 579-8819
•• ---------• ---• ---..
•
Ill • ..
• .. .. -•
• .. ..
• -Ill ..
•
Flo-GardTM Downspout Riter
Installed
Rexible Pipe Coupfirgs
.NOTES:
.1. F1o-Gard™ Downspout Filter Is available to fit most Industry-
. standard dcwmspouts (see specillcatlons) •
2. F1Jter Insert shall haw adeqUata bypass capacity to allow
. downspout to flow unlmpadad at all times •
.3. F11tar assembly shall be constructed ll'om stainless steel
. (Type304)..
4. Flltar medium shaD be zeolite Installed and maintained
. In accordance with manufac:lurer recommendations.
US PATENT
.Reinforced Concrete \1\l;tll
.Optional Mourting Brackets
.FLO-GARDTM DOWNSPOUT FILTER
.FOR 8"/10" DONNSPOUTS
.(Concrete Wall Surface Installation)
.KriStar Erterprises, Inc., Santa Rosa, CA (000) 579-8819
--.. -.. -.. -----.. -.. ----
• .. ..
• -• -• -• -•
• -•
•••• ••
'
. .
Maintenance Services
FloGard™ Downspout Filter
Recommended Maintenance:
Plan 3:3:1 (Annual)
Three (3) system Inspections
Three (3) filter deanings
One (1) change and disposal of filter medium
*Representative of "typical" site -may vary depending on specific
Site conditions
http://www. kristar.com/msvdownspout.html 4/27/2005
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•
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KRISTAR
"'
Flo-Gard™ +Plus
Ao.Gard+Pfus Filt9r-t-_ __, instelle:1
A multipurpose catch basin insert designed to capture sediment, debris, trash & oils/grease from low (first flush) flows.
A (dual) high-flow bypass allows flows to bypass the device while retaining sediment and larger floatables (debris & trash)
AND allows sustained maximum design fiOYJS under extreme weather conditions.
Flo-GardTM +Plus inserts are available in sizes to fit most industry-standard drainage inlets ( ... flat grated, combination,
curb and round inlets) .
Flo-Gard™ +Plus catch basin inserts are recommended for areas subject to silt and debris as well as low-to-moderate
levels of petroleum hydrocarbon (oils and grease). Examples of such areas are vehicle parking lots, aircraft ramps, truck
and bus storage yards, corporation yards, subdivision streets and public streets .
Questions? Contact Krlstar at (BOO) 579-88.19. 05/03/04
--------------------------•
•
--• ..
•
•
.US PATENT
.Flo-Gani+Pius Filter lnstaled
N01ES:
.!. fiD.Ganl'llltPWS (tame mollll) ligh 01p10ly Glloll bllln
. lnllftiiN Milllllt in *-ID fl most lndullly-tllndlrd
. aaahbllin*-lllldllylll(atll*iftlralwt). R*ID
. th1Fio41111~11utfar----1Dft
. non-staudlidorCIIIIIblnBilnliyiiOIBihbalns.
1 Flfllr lnlllllhlll hMIII!thlll"'nnllrfltlrlng llypnl and
. ...."hlgiHicrtYbfplafeltln. .3. FHir_.ly .... bl~flamllliMIIIIeel
.(1'1pe31M).
flllflw I miftlmlln d'/.IJ' d aliiiiiiDI beilwln tit boiiCIID
. of om. lllld top ar *or 0111t1 pllll(s~ IWiriD tht
. flo.Oird1111111111 fDr"shhllaW' inlllllllala .5. Fif8rlllldkln lhll ~~~~~~~~~~ maiUinlcl
. In UOOrdanoe 'Ailhmaldlollftl' IIGCIIIIIIIIndltlanl.
.FLO-GARD™ +PLUS
.CATCH BASIN FILTER INSERT
(Frame Mount Installation)
FLAT GRATED INLET
.KriStar Enterprlaea, Inc., santa Rosa, CA (800) 579-8819
----~ ---;•; -----'/ --• I --TOP VIEW ---• -T ---l -------• .SIDEVIFW
• -.US PATENT •
• -•
~ -r-"
/
..... 1--
I' !'"'-....
: ...
.... "" -
~ Debris Trap
-Fossil Rock1M Pouches
r---... ,_,lllmate" Bypass
1Jner
I"
r--Catch Ballin
{Flat Grate style)
QltfetPlpe
.Grate NOTES:
.Ga&let :1. Flo4anllloltPLUS (flwniii!CIIIIt) high caplllily oalllh basin
. • .... mlllble In .. to tt 1110111ndlllby4ilndlrd .Uitlmate Bypeas . aatahbuil-llllllllylls(•ipiCiilllrotwt~ Rlflrto
. lht Flo4anl~ (WIIIIIIOIIII) inlllffcr deviaiiiD fl Debris Trap . noiMtlndtnl ot oomblnlllan llylt IIIRh blll111.
2. Fllllr 1n111t no hM balh .. "'niilll"flltlll" 11'1~ 1n11
SJpport BaaiGJt . "'tinnll" hlgh-lclwlftpns futln.
3. Flllilr-bly lhd btoonliJualldflam IIIIi .... ..,
. (\rpe3114~
II. Allow a mlnimm cl 'l.{f' cl allaJIIICII llllYMn 1111 bollam
Foail Rock Pa.chea . cl gJIIIIIIIIIDp of 1..-t ar cUIIl pipl(s~ Rtflr Ill the
. FloGinP11 n.tfcr"'IIIIW inltllllllonl.
)Jner
.OJ!Iet Pipe
J. Flllrlllldllllllllll btRubiMrlzatol inlllllld and malJD!JIId
. in IOOCifdanoe Yih lllll'llaalurll' 1'1110111111111118110111.
FLO-GARD™ +PLUS
.CATCH BASIN FILTER INSERT
!Frame Mount)
fLAT GRATED INLET
J<rlstar Enterprises, Inc., Sanla Roaa, CA (800) ~19
---------------.. -..
•
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•
• • ..
•
• •
• •
• -•
Ao-Gard+Pius FUter Installed -+--+-...,.
NOliS:
JrHtiDmln
ltbMINcl. lin xln)
PQP..1838W .11x38
FGP.tJAW 22x22
FQP4438VV 22x33
FGP4431111E .22xats
FGP.!JifN .28x28
FOP-3M .30x33
.1. storage ctpiCity rtfllc:ls&O% d IIIIXImum solids
. COI!dan prlortolmpldlra nn.na t.~yp~U.
.2. Flltertc1 now ndllncklctn • llflly factor c1 2.
.3. Flo-OaR!tPius Cllch Balin Ahr lllllrllftiYIItlblt
. In 1he standlrclalzll (-lboV•) or In Cllllallllizll.
. Call far dltalll on custom lllllllllltl.
.4. flo..GinttPius t11tr lnllrlllhauld bt UHd In caljlllttlon
. With. rea* lllllnltnlncl prog~~m. Rlftrto
. manufacturer's NCCIIIImendtd mllmiiii'ICI gutdllln-.
US PATENT
JnletlDmu
. (In xln)
.21x31
28x28
28X38
28x31
.aoxao
.38x42
Solids Stonlp
CatMaitv leu ftl
%.3
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aA
.3A
2.2
4.8
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(ofs) . eap.(ots)
.1.1 8.7
u ...
2.0 7.7
2.0 1.7
.1.1 .S.I
2.4 8.7
FLo-GARD™ +PLUS
CATCH BASIN FILTER INSERT
(VVall Mount)
.COMBINA110N INLET
Krlstar Enterprises, Inc., Santa Roaa, CA (800) 579-8819
------.... ------------•
• • -•
• ..
JnletiD
ModiiND. llnclll.l
FOP-fll18f .18
.FQP.AF18F .18
FQP.Rf20P 20
FQP.AF22F 22
FOP.maF 23
FOP-Af24F 24
Iiiii HOlES:
•
•
•
• ..
•
.1. Storage capac~\' rdects 80% ol maximum solids
. collec:tlan prior to Impeding tllerlng t.JJIIII,
.2. Flteredtlaw l'llllncllldllu~tl'/fiCior oi:Z.
3. ~~~~ Cllch Bask~ Ra.llllllls • avallalllt
. In 1he standlrcl s1z1s (• above) or In custan as.
. Call for dtlllll on custan slzt 1nnrt1.
A. Flo-GntPIIIIklllllftllllauld biUIId In conjunction
""h a regular malnllniiiCI program. Rlflr to
. manllacturtr'l recommendld malnllnlnct guldllna
US PATENT
Gm.OD Solids storlge
. llncl&.l I caDialtv (CU ft)
j8 11.3
.18 11.3
.22 0.8
24 0.8
25.1 11.8
21 0.8
Flltenld Flow .Totll BYPISS
lcFs\ em. iotsl
D.4 .2.8
DA .2.8
0.7 .4.7
0.7 A.7
0.7 A.T
IJ.T A.T
fLQ.GARDm+PLUS
.CATCH BASIN FILTER INSERT
(Frame Mount)
ROUND GRATED INLET
J<riStar Enterprises, Inc., Santa Rosa, CA (800) 579-8819
-------------------•
IIIII
IIIII ..
IIIII
• •
IIIII
111111 ..
JnlltiD
Model No. Jlnxlnl
.FGP-12F .12x12
.FGP.1630F .15x30
.FGP·18F .18x 18
.FGP-18F .18x18
.FGP.1822F 20x24
.FGP.1824F .18x22
.FGP.1838F .18x38
.FGP-2024F 20x24
.FGP-21F .22x22
.FGP-2142F 21x42
.FGP-24F .24x24
.FGP-2438F .24x38
.FGP..2445F 24x46
.FGP.2448F .24x48
.FGP-28F 28x28
.FGP-30F .30x30
.FGP-38F .38x38
.FGN848F 38x48
.FGP-48F 48x48
.. .NOlES: ..
• ..
•
-
,1. storage capacJty retlec:ta 110% rlllllldmum solids
. COIIec1ion prior to Impeding ftllrlng 17/paa.
.2. Rltel'ld flaw 1'1111 lnctudls utflly factor rl2.
.3. Flo.Gird+Pius Cllr:h 1111111 Fllllr lllhltln avilla!*
. In the sflndlnlllas (Rtlilovtl or In custcm slat.
. Cllll far dlflllll on Clllfllm alnslrtl.
A. Flo-Ga'd+Pius tilt« Jnlllls shoUld be 1111d In ~UIEtlon
· with 1 ragul8' IIIIIIDnMcl PfOWIIIIl Rtf• to
. llhlmac:lurlr"',__ndld llllllnlln111C811uldellna.
US PATENT
GrateOD
._(In X in)
.14x14
.18x38
.18x 18
20x2D
.18x22
20x24
.18xo10
22x24
.24x24
28x42
28x28
.24xo10
26x47
26x48
.30x30
.30x34
.38x.40
AOx48
48d2
Solids StoJagt
. (aUtO
0.3
2.3
0.8
0.8
2.1
.1.6
2.3
.1.2
.2.2
4.3
.2.2
.3.4
A.4
A-.4
.2.2
.3.8
A-.8
.8.8
u
.Filtered Flow :T:'.s_S:• (cfs\
OA .2.8
.1.8 .6.9
D.7 4.7
0.7 4.7
1.4 6.9
1.2 6.0
1.8 6.9
1.0 .6.9
.1.6 .8.1
2.4 .9.1
.1.6 8.1
2.0 8.0
2.4 9.3
2.4 9.3
.1.6 6.3
2.0 .8.1
2.4 .8.1
3.2 .11.6
3.9 .13.2
FLOGARD™+PLUS
.CATCH BASIN FILTER INSERT
(Frame Mount)
FLAT GRATED INLET
J<rlstar EnteJprisel, Inc., Santa Rcaa, CA (800) 579-8819
-----..
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• • ... • ..
• ..
•
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• --
.N01ES:
Flo-Gard+Pius
installed
SPECIFIER CHART
Modi! No.
FGP44CI
FGP.aoct
FGP48CI
FGP42a
FGP-480
FGP.S.oa
FGP.a.ocl
FGP-7.oa
FGP.S.oa
FGP·10.oa
FGP·12.0Q
FGP·14.0Q
FGP-18.0Q
FGP·18.0Q
FGP41.0Q
FOP48.0Q
.1. Storage capacity reflects 80% tiiiiiiCimum sclldl
. collectlcn prior to lmpldl~ tlltllrlng lrjpel .
2. Rlt...O flow l'llllncludlla ..rlty factor ol2.
.3. Flo4ard+Piul Cllch Balin Flltlr Inserts • available
. In tt. sllndanllilll (lllllxM) or In custom lizl1.
. Call far dlldl on Clllltom sllllnsuts.
.4. Available wllh IIOIIIICIIIIOUlt packiQe Including fg
jray lllcMI~ maintiiiii1CIICCIR frcn llllllholl.
" flo..On+f'lut llhr IIISII'IIIhDUtd .,. Ultd In conjUnction
. with a ..... IIIIIII'IIIIIRI progl'llll. Refwto
. IIMinufaclulll'l ftCOI1IIIIII1dl maii'IIIIIMCiguldlllllll.
.US PATENT
II'HtWdth
(In)
24
30
38
42
.48
so
12
.84 ,.
.120
.144
.188
.182
218
282
.331
SolicitS~
,Capacity (CU ft)
D.t
.1.1
.1A
.1.8
.1.8
2.3
2.8
3.2
3.7
4.8
u
.8.6
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8.7
.13.0
FlltndFiow .TotadBypan
tcP&l CID. lcfsl
D.8 .5.8
.1.0 1.7
.1.2 7.8
.1.4 8.8
.1.6 8.8
.1.8 .11.8
.2.2 .13.8
2.1 .11&
2.8 .18.0
.u 21.8
4.2 .28.2
,4.8 .30.1
J.8 .34.4
8.2 .38.2
1.2 44.3
.8.1 .ae
fLOGARD™+PLUS
.CATCH BASIN FILTER INSERT
(Curb Mount)
.CURB INLET
KriStar Enterprises, Inc., Sanla Rosa, CA (800) 5'1N819
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INFILTRATIVE VEGETATIVE SWALE
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Vegetated Swale
Description
Vegetated swales are open, shallow channels with vegetation
covering the side slopes and bottom that collect and slowly
convey runoff flow to downstream discharge points. They are
designed to treat runoff through filtering by the vegetation in the
channel, filtering through a subsoil matrix, and/ or infiltration
into the underlying soils. Swales can be natural or manmade.
They trap particulate pollutants (suspended solids and trace
metals), promote infiltration, and reduce the flow velocity of
stormwater runoff. Vegetated swales can serve as part of a
stormwater drainage system and can replace curbs, gutters and
storm sewer systems .
California Experience
Caltrans constructed and monitored six vegetated swales in
southern California. These swales were generally effective in
reducing the volume and mass of pollutants in runoff. Even in
the areas where the annual rainfall was only about 10 inches/yr,
the vegetation did not require additionalllrigation. One factor
that strongly affected performance was the presence of large
numbers of gophers at most of the sites. The gophers created
earthen mounds, destroyed vegetation, ana· generally reduced the
effectiveness of the controls for TSS reduction.
Advantages
• If properly designed, vegetated, and operated, swales can
serve as an aesthetic, potentially inexpensive urban
development or roadway drainage conveyance measure with
significant collateral water quality benefits .
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
TC-30
Design Considerations
• Tributary Area
• Area Required
• Slope
• Water Availability
Targeted Constituents
./ Sediment .6.
./ Nutrients •
./ Trash • ./ Metals ...
./ Bacteria • .,f Oil and Grease ...
./ Organics ...
Legend (Removal Effectiveness}
• Low
... Medium
• High
A
Stormwater
Quality
Association
1 of 13
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IIIII
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TC-30 Vegetated Swale
• Roadside ditches should be regarded as significant potential swale/bu:ffer strip sites and
should be utilized for this purpose whenever possible.
limitations
• Can be difficult to avoid channelization.
• May not be appropriate for industrial sites or locations where spills may occur
• Grassed swales cannot treat a very large drainage area. Large areas may be divided and
treated using multiple swales.
• A thick vegetative cover is needed for these practices to function properly.
• They are impractical in areas with steep topography.
• They are not effective and may even erode when flow velocities are high, if the grass cover is
not properly maintained.
• In some places, their use is restricted by law: many local municipalities require curb and
gutter systems in residential areas.
• Swales are mores susceptible to failure if not properly maintained than other treatment
BMPs.
Design and Sizing Guidelines
• Flow rate based design determined by local requirements or sized so that 85% of the annual
runoff volume is discharged at less than the design rainfall intensity .
• Swale should be designed so that the water level does not exceed 2/3rds the height of the
grass or 4 inches, whiCh ever is less, at the design treatment rate .
• Longitudinal slopes should not exceed 2.5%
• Trapezoidal channels are normally recommended but other configurations, such as
parabolic. can also provide substantial water quality improvem~nt and may be easier to mow
than designs with sharp breaks in slope. ·
• Swales constructed in cut are preferred, or in fill areas that are far enough from an adjacent
slope to minimize the potential for gopher damage. Do not use side slopes constructed of
fill, which are prone to structural damage by gophers and other burrowing animals.
• A diverse selection of low growing, plants that thrive under the specific site, climatic, and
watering conditions should be specified. Vegetation whose growing season corresponds to
the wet season are preferred. Drought tolerant vegetation should be considered especially
for swales that are not part of a regularly irrigated landscaped area.
• The width of the swale should be determined using Manning's Equation using a value of
0.25 for Manning's n.
2 of 13 California Storm water BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
January 2003
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Vegetated Swale TC-30
Construction/Inspection Considerations
• Include directions in the specifications for use of appropriate fertilizer and soil amendments
based on soil properties determined through testing and compared to the needs of the
vegetation requirements.
• Install swales at the time of the year when there is a reasonable chance of successful
establishment without irrigation; however, it is recognized that rainfall in a given year may
not be sufficient and temporary irrigation may be used.
• If sod tiles must be.used, they should be placed so that there are no gaps between the tiles;
stagger the ends of the tiles to prevent the formation of channels along the swale. or strip.
• Use a roller on the sod to ensure that no air pockets form between the sod and the soil.
• Where seeds are used, erosion controls will be necessary to protect seeds for at least 75 days
after the first rainfall of the season.
Performance
The literature suggests that vegetated swales represent a practical and potentially effective
technique for controlling urban runoff quality. While limited quantitative perlormance data
exists for vegetated swales, it is known that check dams, slight slopes, permeable soils, dense
grass cover, increased contact time, and small storm events all contribute to successful pollutant
removal by the swale system. Factors decreasing the effectiveness of swales include compacted
soils, short runoff contact time, large storm events, frozen ground, short grass heights, steep
slopes, and high runoff velocities and discharge rates.
Conventional vegetated swale designs have achieved mixed results in removing particulate
pollutants. A study performed by the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) monitored
three grass swales in the Washington,. D.C., area and found no significant improvement in urban
runoff quality for the pollutants analyzed. However, the weak performance of these swales was
attributed to the high flow velocities in the swales, soil compaction, steep slopes, and short grass
height .
Another project in Durham, NC, monitored the performance of a carefully designed artificial
swale that received runoff from a commercial parking lot. The project tracked 11 storms and
concluded that particulate concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd) were reduced by
approximately so percent. However, the swale proved largely ineffective for removing soluble
nutrients .
The effectiveness of vegetated swales can be enhanced by adding check dams at approximately
17 meter (50 foot) increments along their length (See Figure 1). These dams maximize the
retention time within the swale, decrease flow velocities, and promote particulate settling .
Finally, the incorporation of vegetated filter strips parallel to the top of the channel banks can
help to treat sheet flows entering the swale .
Only 9 studies have been conducted on all grassed channels designed for water quality (Table 1).
The data suggest relatively high removal rates for some pollutants, but negative removals for
some bacteria, and fair performance for phosphorus .
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
3 of 13
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TC-30 Vegetated Swale
Table 1 Grassed swale pollutant removal efficiency data
Removal Efficiencies (% Removal)
Study TSS TP TN NOa Metals Bacteria Type
Caltrans 2002 77 8 67 66 83-90 -33 dryswales
Goldberg 1993 67.8 4-5 -31-4 42-62 -100 grassed channel
Seattle Metro and Washington 6o Department of Ecology 1992 45 --25 2-16 -25 grassed charmel
Seattle Metro and Washington 83 29 --25 46-73 -25 grassed channel Department of Ecology, 1992
Wang et al., 1981 So - --70-80 -dryswale
Donnan et al., 1989 98 18 -45 37-81 -dryswale
Harper, 1988 87 83 84 So 88-90 -dryswale
Kercher et al, 1983 99 99 99 99 99 -dryswale
Harper, 1988. 81 17 40 52 37-69 -iwetswale
Koon, 1995 67 39 -9 -35t0 6 -[wet swale
While it is difficult to distinguish between different designs based on the small amount of
available data, grassed channels generally have poorer removal rates than wet and dry swales,
although some swales appear to export soluble phosphorus (Harper, 1988; Koon, 1995). It is not
clear why swales export bacteria One explanation is that bacteria thrive in the warm swale
soils .
Siting Criter-ia
The suitability of a swale at a site will depend on land use, size of the area serviced, soil type,
slope, imperviousness of the contributing watershed, and dimensions and slope of the swale
system (Schueler et al., 1992). In general, swales can be used to serve areas of less than 10 acres,
with slopes.no.greater than 5 %. Use of natural topographic lows is encoUraged and natural
drainage courses should be regarded as significant local resources to be kept in use (Young et al.,
1996) .
Selection Criteria (NCI'COG, 1.993)
• Comparable performance to wet basins
• Limited to treating a few acres
• Availability of water during dry periods to maintain vegetation
• Sufficient available land area
Research in the Austin area indicates that vegetated controls are effective at removing pollutants
even when dormant. Therefore, irrigation is not required to maintain growth during dry
periods, but may be necessary only to prevent the vegetation from dying .
4 of 13 California Storrnwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
January 2003
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1111
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Vegetated Swale TC-30
The topography of the site should perntit the design of a channel with appropriate slope and
cross-sectional area. Site topography may also dictate a need for additional structural controls.
Recommendations for longitudinal slopes range between 2 and 6 percent. F1atter slopes can be
used, if sufficient to provide adequate conveyance. Steep slopes increase flow velocity, decrease
detention time, and may require energy dissipating and grade check. Steep slopes also can be
managed using a series of check dams to terrace the swale and reduce the slope to within
acceptable limits. The use of check dams with swales also-promotes infiltration .
Additional Design Guidelines
Most of the design guidelines adopted for swale design specify a minimum hydraulic residence
time of 9 minutes. This criterion is based on the results of a single study conducted in Seattle,
Washington (Seattle Metro and Washington Department of Ecology, 1992), and is not well
supported. Analysis of the data collected in that study indicates that pollutant removal at a
residence time of 5 minutes was not significantly different, although there is more variability in
that data. Therefore, additional research in the design criteria for swales is needed. Substantial
pollutant removal has also been observed for vegetated controls designed solely for conveyance
(Barrett et al, 1998); consequently, some flen"bility in the design is warranted.
Many design guidelines recommend that grass be frequently mowed to maintain dense coverage
near the ground surface. Recent research (Colwell et al., 2000) has shown mowing frequency or
grass height has little or no effect on pollutant removal .
Summary of Design Recommendations
1) The swale should have a length that provides a minimum hydraulic residence time of
at least 10 minutes. The maximum bottom width.should not exceed 10 feet unless a
dividing berm is provided. The depth of flow should not exceed 2/ 3rds the height of
the grass at the peak of the water quality design storm intensity. The channel slope
should not exceed 2.5%.
2)
3)
4)
S)
6)
7)
A design grass height of 6 inches is recommended.
Regardless of the recommended detention time, the swale should be not less than
100 feet in length .
The width ofthe swale S"hould be determined using Manning's Equation, at the peak
of the design storm, using a Manning's n·of 0.25. ·
The swale can be sized as both a treatment facility for the design storm and as a
conveyance system to pass the peak hydraulie flows of the 100-year storm if it is
located "on-line." The side slopes should be no steeper than 3:1 (H:V).
Roadside ditches should be regarded as significant potential swale(buffer strip sites
and should be utilized for this purpose whenever possible. If flow is to be introduced
through curb cuts, place pavement slightly above the elevation of the vegetated areas.
Curb cuts should be at least 12 inches wide to prevent clogging .
Swales must be vegetated in order to provide adequate treahnent of runoff. It is
important to maximize water contact with vegetation and the soil surface. For
general purposes, select fine, close-growing, water-resistant grasses. If possible,
divert runoff (other than necessary irrigation) during the period of vegetation
January 2003 califomfa Stormwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
5 of 13
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TC-30 Vegetated Swa.le
establishment. Where runoff diversion is not possible, cover graded and seeded
areas with suitable erosion control materials.
Maintenance
The useful life of a vegetated swale system is directly proportional to its maintenance frequency.
If properly designed and regularly maintained, vegetated swales can last indefinitely. The
maintenance objectives for vegetated swale systems include keeping up the hydraulic and
removal efficiency of the channel and maintaining a dense, healthy grass cover.
Maintenance activities should include periodic mowing (with grass never cut shorter than the
design flow depth), weed control, watering during drought conditions, reseeding of bare areas,
and clearing of debris and blockages. Cuttings should be removed from the channel and·
disposed in a local composting facility. Accumulated sediment should also be removed
manually to avoid concentrated flows in the swale. The application of fertilizers and pesticides
should be minimal.
Another aspect of a good maintenance plan is repairing damaged areas within a channel. For
example, if the channel develops ruts or holes, it should be repaired utilizing a suitable soil that
is properly tamped and seeded. The grass cover should be thick; if it is not, reseed as necessazy.
Any standing water removed during the maintenance operation must be disposed to a sanitary
sewer at an approved discharge location. Residuals ·(e.g., silt, grass cuttings) must be disposed
in accordance with local or State requirements. Maintenance of grassed swales mostly involves
maintenance of the grass or wetland plant cover. Typical maintenance activities are
summarized below:
• Inspect swales at least twice annually for erosion, damage to vegetation, and sediment and
debris accumulation preferably at the end of the wet season to schedule summer
maintenance and before major fall runoff to be sure the swale is ready for winter. However,
additional inspection after periods of heavy runoff is desirable. The swale should be checked
for debris and litter, and areas of sediment accumulation.
• Grass height and mowing frequency may not have a large impact on pollutant removal .
Consequently, mowing may only be necessary once or twice a year for safety or aesthetics or
to suppress weeds and woody vegetation .
• Trash tends to accumulate in swale areas, particularly along highways. The need for litter
removal is determined through periodic inspection, but litter should always be removed
prior to mowing .
• Sediment accumulating near culverts and in channels should be removed when it builds up
to 75 mm (3 in.) at any spot, or covers vegetation.
• Regularly inspect swales for pools of standing water. Swales can become a nuisance due to
mosquito breeding in standing water if obstructions develop (e.g. debris accumulation,
invasive vegetation) and/ or if proper drainage slopes are not implemented and maintained .
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Vegetated Swale
Cost
Construction· Cost
TC-30
Little data is available to estimate the difference in cost between various swale designs. One
study (SWRPC, 1991) estimated the construction cost of grassed channels at approximately
$0.25 per ft2• This price does not include design costs or contingencies. Brown and Schueler
(1997) estimate these costs at approximately 32 percent of construction costs for most
stormwater management practices. For swales, however, these costs would probably be
significantly higher since the construction costs are so low compared with other practices. A
more realistic estimate would be a total cost of approximately $o.so per ft2, which compares
favorably with other stormwater management practices.
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Table 2 swale Cost Estimate (SEWRPC, 1991)
Unit Cost
Component Unit Extent Low Moderate High Low
MobDizatlon I Swale 1 $107 $274 $441 $107
DamobiUzatlon-Ught
Slla Pra~anlticn
Aae 0.6 $2,200 $3,800 a6.400 $1,100 Clearing ...............
Grubbln!f .............. Aae 0.25 $3,800 $5,200 $6,600 $950 General Yd1 372 $2.10 $3.70 t!S.30 $71l1 Ellcavallort' ...........
La\l&land TID' ........ Yd2 1,210 :l0.20 $0.35 ~.50 $242
Sites De\l&lopmant
Salvaged Topsoil Yd1 1,210 $0.40 $1.00 $1.80 $484 Seed, and Mulch' ..
Socii ..................... Yd2 1,210 $1.20 $2.40 $3.60 $1.452
Subtotal -· ----· $5,116
Contingencies Swala 1 26% 25% 26% $1,279
Total ------$8395
Source: (.SI:WPDr, 1991)
Nota: MoblllmllonldamobHizatlon refers to theorganiZiltlcn and planning Involved In astabHahlng a vegelativa awale.
• SWale has a bottom width of 1.0 foot, a top Wldlh Of 10 feet wah 1:3 side slopes, and a 1,00o-foot length.
b AJea cleared =(top Width + 10 feet) x swale length.
11 Area grubbed =(top width x swale length).
dvotume excavated = (0.67 x top width x swale. ~epth) x swale length (para bolla cross-section).
• AJea tilled = (top width + 8{swale deothll) X swate length (parabolic cross-section).
3(top width)
r Area seeded= area Cleared x 0.5.
a Area sodded =area cleared x 0.5.
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(
Vegetated Swa~,
Total Cost
Moderate High
$274 $441
$1,900 $2.700
$1,300 $1,650
$1,376 $1,972
$424 $605
$1,210 $1,936
$2,904 $4,356
$9,388 $13,880
$2,347 $3.416
$11 735 $17076
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Vegetated Swal!! TC-30
A
Table 3 Estimated Maintenance Costs CSEWRPC. 1991)
Component Unll Cost
Lawn Mowing $0.85/ 1,000 ftllmcv.ing
Gi'n&ral Lawn C11rv $9.00 /1,000 fill Yl'Br
Swel" Debris end Ullilr $0.10 /linl!or fool/ year
RIITIC1111I
Grass Rasaadlng wlh $0.:10/yd•
Mulch and Fertlllzar
Program Administration and $0.16/linaar fool/ year,
Swala lnspecllon plus S26/lm!pacllon
Total -----· -.....
January 2003
5wale Size
(Oeptn antl Top. WlCIU'l}
Ui Foot Depth, One~ 3-IFoot Dep1h,. 3-Fool
Foot Bottom Width, Bottom Width<, 21wFoot
10-FootTop Wldtll Top Width
ro.14111nerrool $0.21/linaarfoot
ro.18 I lin~~erfool $0.28/llnsarfoot
50.10 /llnearloot $0.10 /linear foot
SX).01/IInaarfool $0.01/llnearfoot
qD.1511inlililrfool $0.15/llnearfoot
$0.6& /ltnear foot $0.76 llinaiU'fooJ
California Stormwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
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Commem
Lawn mainlenence ersea(lop
\vld1h + 10 fest) x loogth. Mow
eight tlmts pe~r year
Lawn mainlenenca ar11a = Uop
wid1h + 10 fsal) x lenglh
-
Ama 1'9'119gQ1atad equals 1%
of lawn ~ru~lntenance ertfa per
YI!Eir
Inspect mur times par year
-
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APPENDIXB BMP DESIGN CRITERIA
8.12 VEGETATED FILTER STRIPS
DESCRIPTION
Vegetated filter strips, also known as vegetated buffer strips, are vegetated sections of land
similar to grassed swales, except they are essentially flat with low slopes, and are designed
only to accept runoff overland sheet flow (Schueler, 1992). They may appear-in any
vegetated form from grassland to forest, and are designed to intercept upstream flow, lower
flow velodty, and spread water out as sheet flow (Schueler, 1992). The dense. vegetative
cover facilitates conventional pollutant removal through detention, filtration by vegetation, and
infiltration into soil (Yu and Kaighn, 1992). Wooded and grass filter strips have sHghtly higher
removal rates. Dissolved nutrient removal for either type of vegetative cover is usually poor,
however wooded strips show slightly higher removal due to increased retention and
Impervious surface
Figure 1. Conceptual design for a vegetate~ filter strip (Indiana County Conservation District)
sequestration by the plant community (Florida Department of Transportation, 1994 ) .
Although an inexpensive control measure, they are most useful in contributing watershed
areas where peak runoff velocities are low, as they are unable to treat the high flow velocities
typically associated with high impervious cover (Barret, ru .al., 1993) .
Similar to grassed swales, filter strips can last for 1 0 to 20 years with proper conditions and
regular maintenance. Life expectancy is significantly diminished if uniform sheet flow and
dense vegetation are not maintained .
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• -.. -
1.
2 .
3.
4.
5.
6.
Lowers runoff velocity (Schueler, 1987).
Slightly reduces runoff volume (Schueler, 1987).
Slightly reduces watershed imperviousness (Schueler, 1987).
Slightly contributes to groundwater recharge (Schueler, 1987).
Aesthetic benefit of vegetated "open spaces" (Colorado Department of
Transportation, 1992).
Preserves the character of riparian zones, prevents erosion along streambanks, and
provides excellent urban wildlife habitat (Schueler, 1992).
LIMITATIONS
1.
2.
3 .
4.
5.
6 .
Filter strips cannot treat high velocity fiows, and do not provide enough storage or
infiltration to effectively reduce peak discharges to predevelopment levels for design
storms (Schueler, 1992). This lack of quantity control dictates use in rural or low
density development.
Requires slope less than 5%.
Requires low to fair permeability of natural subsoil.
Large land requirement.
Often concentrates water, which significantly reduces effectiveness.
Pollutant removal is unreliable in urban settings.
DESIGN CRITERIA
1. Successful performance of filter strips relies heavily on maintaining shallow
unconcentrated flow (Colorado Department of Transportation, 1992). To avoid flow
channelization and maintain performance, a filter strip should:
( 1) Be equipped with a level spreading device for even distribution of runoff,
(2) Contain dense vegetation with a mix of erosion resistant, soil binding species,
(3) Be graded to a uniform, even and relatively low slope,
( 4) Laterally traverse the contributing runoff area (Schueler, 1987),
(5) The area to be used for the strip should be free of gullies or rills that can
concentrate overland flow (Schueler, 1987),
(6) Filters strip should be placed 3 to 4 feet from edge of pavement to
accommodate a vegetation free zone (Washington State Department of
Transportation, 1995). The top edge of the filter strip along the pavement
should be designed to avoid the situation where runoff would travel along the
top of the filter strip, rather than through it DHhaJia, et al., (1986) suggest that
May 17, 2000 B-58
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APPE:NDIX 8 BMP DESIGN CRITERIA
2.
berms be _placed at 50 to 100 feet intervals perpendicular to the top edge of
the strip to prevent runoff from bypassing it (as cited in Washington State
Department of Transportation, 1995),
(7) Top edge of the filter strip should follow the same elevational contour. If a
section of the edge of the strip dips below the contour, runoff will tend to fonn
a channel toward the low spot,
(8) Filter strips should be landscaped after other portions of the project are
completed (Washington State Department ofTransportation, 1995). However,
level spreaders. and strips· used as sediment control measures during the
construction phase can be converted ·to permanent controls if they can be
regraded and reseeded to the top edge of the strip.
Filter strips can be used on an upgradient from watercourses, wetlands, or other water
bodies, along toes and tops of slopes, and at outlets of other stormwater
management structures (Boutiette and Duerring, 1994). They should be incorporated
into street drainage and master drainage planning (Urbonas, 1992). The most
important criteria for selection and use of this BMP are soils, space, and slope,
where:
(1) Soils and moisture are adequate to grow relatively dense vegetative stands.
Underlying soils should be of low permeability so that the majority of the
apptied water discharges as surface runoff. The range of desirable
permeability is between 0.06 to 0.6 inches/hour (Homer, 1985). Common soil
textural classes are clay, day loam, and silty clay. The presence of clay and
organic matter in soils improves the ability of filter strips to remove pollutants
from the surface runoff (Schueler, 1992). Greater removal of soluble pollutants
can be achieved where the water table is within 3 feet of the surface (i.e., within
the root zone) (Schueler, 1992). Filter strips function most effectiVely where the
climate permits year-round dense vegetation. They are not recommended in
arid regions where vegetation in upland areas is sparse.
(2) Sufficient space is available. Because filter strip effectiveness depends on
having an evenly distributed sheet flow, the siZe of the contributing area and
the associated volume runoff have to be fimited (Urbonas, 1992}. To prevent
concentrated flows from forming, it is advisable to have each filter strip serve
a contributing area of five acres or less (Schueler, 1987). When used alone,
filter strip application is in areas where impervious cover is low to moderate
and where there are smaR fluctuations in peak flow .
(3) Longitudinal slope is five percent or Jess. When filter strips are used on steep
or unstable slopes, the formation of rills and gullies can disrupt sheet flow
(Urbonas, 1992}. As a result filter strips will not function at all on slopes
greater than 15 percent and may have reduced effectiveness on slopes
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APPENDIXB BMP DESIGN CRITERIA
3.
5 .
6 .
7 .
between 6 to 15 percent.
The design should be based on the same methods detailed for swales. The preferred
geometry of a filter strip is rectangular, and this should be used when applying the
design procedures of vegetated swales.
When using this procedure, the following provisions apply specifically to filter strips
(Homer, 1993):
( 1) Slopes sllould be no greater than 15 percent and should preferably be lower
than 5 percent, and be uniform throughout the strip after final grading.
(2) Hydraulic residence time normaily no less than 9 minutes, and in no case less
than 5 minutes .
(3) Average velocity no greater than 0.9 feet/second.
(4) Manning's friction factor (n) of 0.02 should be used for grassed strips, n of
0.024 if strip is infrequently mowed, or a selected higher value if the strip is
wooded.
( 5) The width should be no greater than that where a uniform flow distribution can
be assured.
(6) Average depth of flow (design depth) should be no more than 0.5 inches.
(7) Hydraulic radius is taken to be equal to the design flow depth.
Riter strips function best with longitudinal slopes less than 10 percent, and ideally less
than 5 percent As filter strip length becomes shorter, slope becomes more influential.
Therefore, when a minimum strip length of20 feet is utilized, slopes should be graded
as close to zero as drainage permits (Schueler, 1987). With steeper slopes, terracing
through using landscape timber, concrete weirs, or other means may be required to
maintain sheet flow .
Calculate the flow rate of stormwater to be mitigated by the vegetated filter strip using
1he Los Angeles County Department of Public Works Method for Calculating
Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) Flow Rates and Volumes
Based on 0. 75-inches of Rainfall. A minimum of 8 feet is recommended for filter
strip width.
Another design issue is runoff collection and distribution to the strip, and release to
a transport system or receiving water (Homer, 1985). Flow spreader devices should
be used to introduce the flow evenly to 1he filter strip (Urbonas, 1992). Concentrated
flow needs to use a level spreader to evenly distribute flow onto a strip. There are
many alternative spreader devices, with the main consideration being that the
overland flow spreader be distributed equally across the strip. Level spreader options
include porous pavement strips, stabilized turf strips, slotted curbing, rock-filled trench,
concrete sills, or plastic-fined trench that acts as a small detention pond (Yu and
Kaighn, 1992). The outflow and filter side lip of the spreader should have a zero slope
May 17,2000 B-60
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APPENDIXB BMP DESIGN CRITERIA
8.
9.
to ensure even runoff distribution (Yu and Kaighn, 1992). Once in the filter strip, most
runoff from significant events will not be infiltrated and will require a collection and
conveyance system. Grass-lined swales are often used for this purpose and can
provide another BMP level. A filter strip can also drain to a storm sewer or street
gutter (Urbonas, 1992).
~<-----1~L-~~~------~-T------------~ Swale
Pavement
Area
Maximum Unit Hydraulic
Loading during 2-year
Slonn = 0.005 m'/s/m
So<IO% >
... "' 't. .... -+ ... .. "' F!lter Strip
-1<
!
-l
't.
Level Sprearlcr
(designs include gnwcl trenches, sills,
embedded curbs, modular porovs
pavcnwnt. and stabilized tmf strip)
...
Note: Not to Scale:
Figure 2. Sample filter strip design (Urbonas, 1992).
Filter strips should be constructed of dense, soil-binding deep-rooted water -resistant
plants. For grassed filter strips, dense tuljis needed to promote sedimentation and
entrapment, and to protect against erosion (Yuand Kaighn, 1992). Turf grass should
be maintained to a blade height of 2 to 4 inches. Most engineered, sheet-flow
systems are seeded with specific grasses. Common grasses established for filter
strip systems are rye, fescue, reed canary, and Bermuda (Homer, 1985). Tall fescue
and orchard grasses grow well on slopes and under low nutrient conditions (Homer,
1985}. The grass species chosen should be appropriate for the climatic conditions
and maintenance criteria for each project. .
Trees and woody vegetation have been shown to increase infiltration and improve
performance offdter strips. Trees and shrubs provide many stormwater management
benefits by intercepting some rainfall before it reaches the ground, and improving
infiltration and retention through the presence of a spongy, organic layer of materials
that accumulates underneath the plants (Schueler, 1987). As discussed previously
May 17, 2000 8-61
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APPENDIX B BMP DESIGN CRITERIA
in this section, wooded strips have shown significant increases in pollutant removal
over grass strips. Maintenance for wooded strips is virtually non-:existent, another
argument for using trees and shrubs. However, there are drawbacks to using woody
plants. Since the density of the vegetation is not as great as a turf grass cover,
wooded filter strips need additional length to accommodate more vegetation. In
addition, shrub .and tree trunks can cause uneven distribution of sheet flow, and
increase the possibility for development of gullies and channels. Consequently,
wooded strips require flatter slopes than a typical grass cover strip to ensure that the
presence of heavier plant stems will not facilitate channelization.
REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
M. E. Barret, R. D. Zuber, E. R. Colfins, J. F. Malina, R. J. Charbeneau, and G. H.
Ward, 1993. A Review and Evaluation ofUterature Pertaining to the Quantity and
Control of Pollution from Highway Runoff and Construction, Center for Research in
Water Resources, Bureau of Engineering Research, University of Texas at Austin,
Austin, TX.
l. N. Boutiette and C. L. Duerring, 1994. Massachusetts Nonpoint Source
Management Manual, The Megamanual: A Guidance Document for Municipal
Officials, Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, Office of
Watershed Management, Nonpoint Source Program, Boston, MA.
Camp, Dresser and McKee, Inc., Larry Walker Associates, 1993. California Best
Management Practices -Municipal, California State Water Resources Council
Board, Alameda, CA.
Colorado Department of Transportation, 1992, Erosion Control and Storrnwater
Quality Guide, Colorado Department of Transp~rtation .
DEQ Storm Water Management Guidelines, Department of Environmental Quality,
State of Oregon. http:/fwaterguality.deq.state.or.us/wg/groundwa/swrogmtguide.htm
Florida Department of Transportation, 1994. Water Quality Impact Evaluation
Manual Training, Course No. BT -05-0009, Florida Department of Transportation.
GKY and Associates, Inc. June 1996. Evaluation and Management of Highway
Runoff Water Quality, Publication No. FHWA-PD-96-032. Prepared for: US
Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. Washington, DC .
May 17,2000 B-62
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APPENDIXB BMP DESIGN CRITERIA
8. R. R. Homer, 1993. Biofiltration for Storm Runoff Water Quality Control, prepared
for the Washington State Department of Ecology, Center for Urban Water Resources
Management, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
9. R R Homer, 1985. Highway Runoff Water Quality Research Implementation
Manual, Volumes 1 and 2, Federal Highway Administration, WA-RD 72.2,
Department of Civil Engineering, F-X-1 0, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.
1 0. Indiana County Conservation District. Con trotting Sediment Pollution from Light
Duty Grave/Dirt Roads, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Bureau of Land and
Water Conservation and Indiana County Conservation District, PA.
11. Low-Impact Development Design Manual, November 1997. Department of
Environmental Resources, Prince George's County, MD.
12. T. R Schueler, 1987. Controlling Urban Runoff: A Practical Manual for Planning
and Designing Urban BMP.s, Department of Environmental Programs, Metropolitan
Washington Councif of Governments, Washington, DC.
13. T. R. Schueler, P. Kumble, and M. Heraty, 1992. A Current Assessment of Urban
Best Management Practices: Techniques for Reducing Nonpoint Source Pollution
in the Coastal Zone, Anacostia Research Team, Metropolitan Washington Council
of Governments, Washington, DC .
14. B. R. Urbonas, J. T. Doerfer, J. Sorenson, J. T. Wulliman, and T. Fairley, 1992. Urban
Storm Drainage Criteria Manual, Volume 3 -Best Management Practices.,
Storm water Quality, Urban Drainage and Flood Control District, Denver, CO .
15. Ventura Countywide Stormwater Quality Management Program, Draft BMP BF:_
Biofilters, June 1999. Ventura, CA.
16. Washington State Department of Transportation, 1995. Highway Runoff Manual,
Washington State Department of Transportation.
17. s. L. Yu,S. L. Kaighn, 1992. VDOT Manual of Practice for Planning Stot7TJwater
Management Federal Highway Administration, FHWA/V A-R13, Virginia Department
of Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, VA.
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APPENDIX B BMP DESIGN CRITERIA
The following is a known location where a Vegetated Filter Strip was Installed. The design of the
installed strip in the location may vary from what is recommended in this SUSMP due to its specific
circumstances. Los Angeles County does not endorse nor warranty any design used in the
location herein. Each individual case may require that the design be tailored to perform properly.
Installed location (City/Address) Brand/Manufacturer Owner/Client
1-605/SR91 N/A Caltrans
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Roof Runoff Controls
Rain Garden
Description
Variuw; ruufrunuffcunlruls are available lu address ~lurwwaler
SD-11
Design Objectives
~ Maximize Infiltration
~ Provide Retention
li1 Slow Runoff
Mninize Impervious Land
Coverage
Prohibl Dumping of Improper
Materials
ri:J Contain PoDutants
Collect and Convey
that drains off rooftops. The objective is to reduce the total volume and rate of runoff :from
individual lots, and retain the pollntan:ts on site that may be picked up from roofing materials
and atmospheric deposition. Roof runoff controls consist of directing the roof runoff away from
paved areas and mitigating flow to the storm drain system through one of several general
approaches: cisterns or rain barrels; dry wells or infiltration trenches; pop-up emitters, and
foundation planting. The first three approaches require the roof runoff to be contnjned in a.
gutter and downspout system. Foundation planting provides a vegetated strip under the drip
line of the roo£
Approach
Design of individual lots for single-family homes as well as lots for higher density residential and
commercial structures should consider site design provisions for containing and infiltrating roof
runoff or directing roof runoff to vegetative swales or buffer areas. Retained water can be reused
for watering gardens, lawns, and trees. Benefits to the enviromnent include reduced demand for
potable water used for irrigation, improved stormwater quality, increased groundwater
recharge, decreased runoff volume and peak flows,ancidecreasedflooding potential
Suitable Applications
Appropr:iate applications inc1ude residential, commercial and industr:ial areas planned for
development or redevelopment .
Design Considerations
Designing New Installations
Cisterns or Rain Barrels
One method of addressing roof runoff is to direct roof downspouts
to cisterns or rain barrels. A cistern is an above ground storage
vessel with either a manually operated valve or a permanently
open outlet. Roof runoff is temporarily stored and then released
for irrigation or infiltration between storms. The number of rain
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SD-11 Roof Runoff Controls
barrels needed is a function of the rooftop area. Some low impact developers recommend that
every bouse have at least 2 rain barrels7 with a minimum storage capacity of 1000 liters. Roof
barrels serve several purposes including mitigating the fll'St flush from the roof which has a high
volume, amount of contaminants, and thermal load. Several types of rain barrels are
commercially available. Consideration must be given to selecting rain barrels that are vector
proof and childproof. In addition, some barrels are designed with a bypass valve that filters out
grit and other contaminants and routes overflow to a soak-away pit or rain garden.
If the cistern has an operable valve, the valve can be closed to store storm.water for irrigation or
infiltration between storms. This system requires continual monitoring by the resident or
grounds crews, but provides greater flexibility in water storage and metering. If a cistern is
provided with an operable valve and water is stored inside for long periods, the cistern must be
covered to prevent mosquitoes from breeding.
A cistern system with a permanently open outlet can also provide for metering stonnwater
runoff If the cistern outlet is significantly smaller than the size of the downspout inlet (say l/4 to
1/2 inch diameter), runoff will build up inside the cistern during storms, and will empty out
slowly after peak intensities subside. This is a feasible way to mitigate the peak flow increases
caused by rooftop impervious land coverage, espec:ially for the frequent, small storms.
Dry wells and Infiltration Trenches
Roof downspouts can be directed to dry wells or infiltration trenches. A dry well is constructed
by excavating a hole in the ground and filling it with an open graded aggregate, and allowing the
water to fill the dry well and infiltrate after the storm event. An underground connection from
the downspout conveys water into the dry well, allowing it to be stored in the vo:ids. To
minimize sedimentation from lateral soilmovement, the sides and top of the stone storage
mAtrix r.sm be WTRpped in A permeAble filter fAhrir., though the bottom mRy remRin open. A
perforated observation pipe can be inserted vertically into the dry well to allow for inspection
and maintenance.
In practice, dry wells receiving runoff from single roof downspouts have been successful over
long periods because they contain very little sediment. They must be sized according to the
amount of rooftop runoff received, but are typically 4 to 5 feet square, and 2 to 3 feet deep, with
a minimum of 1-foot soil cover over the top (maximum depth of 10 feet).
To protect the foundation, dry wells must be set away from the building at least 10 feet. They
must be installed in solids that accommodate infiltration. In poorly drained soils, dry wells have
very limited feasibility.
Infiltration trenches function in a s:imilar manner and would be particularly effective for larger
roof areas. An infiltration trench is a long narrow, rock-filled trench with no outlet that receives
stormwater runoff. These are described under Treatment Controls.
Pop-up Drainage Emitter
Roof downspouts can be directed to an underground pipe that daylights some distance from the
bnilding funndAtion, releAsing the roofnmoffthrn11gh R pop-up emitter. SimilRr toR pop-up
irrigation head, the emitter on.Jy opens when there is flow from the roof. The emitter remains
flush to the ground during dry periods, for ease oflawn or landscape maintenance.
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Foundation Planting
Landscape planting can be provided around the base to allow increased opportunities for
stormwater infiltration and protect the soil from erosion caused by concentrated sheet flow
coming off the roof. Foundation plantings can reduce the physical impact of water on the soil
and provide a subsurface matrix of roots that encourage infiltration. These plantings must be
sturdy enough to tolerate the heavy runoff sheet flows, and periodic soil saturation.
Redeveloping E;risting In.stallations
Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.)
define "redevelopment'' in terms ofRTnmmts ofAdditionRl impervious RreR, increAses in gross
floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with strucbual or
impervious surfaces. The definition of" redevelopment'' must be consulted to determine
whether or not the requirements fur new development apply to areas intended for
redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations"
above should be followed.
Supplemental Information
&le.s
• City of Ottawa's Water Links Surface -Water Quality Protection Program
• City of Toronto Downspout Disconnection Program
• City of Boston, MA, Rain Barrel Demonstration Program
Other Resources
Hager, Marty Catherine, Stormwater, "Low-Impact Development'', January /February 2003 .
www.stor.mh2o.com
Low Impact Urban Design Tools, Low Impact Development Design Center, Beltsville, MD .
www.lid-stormwater.net
Start at the Source, Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association, 1999 Edition
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment·
www .cabmphandbook.com
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NPDES PEIMIJ n LITE"
FOR THE 'NON-TECHNICAL' READER
Thanks to the Santa Monica Restoration Bay Project, the
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination Systems document
was translated into easy to understand language.
ABOUT URBAN AND STORM WATER RUNOFF ••.
Urban and storm water runoff is a serious concern, in both dry and rainy
season. It is contaminated with pesticides, fertilizers, animal droppings,
trash, food wastes, automotive byproducts and other toxic substances
that are part of our urban environment Waters that flow over streets,
parking lots, construction sites and industrial facilities carry these
pollutants through a 5,000-mile storm drain network directly to the lakes,
streams and beaches of Southern California.
Urban runoff is the largest source of unregulated pollution to the
wateTWays and coastal areas of the United States. Locally, we see the
impacts in increased health risks to swimmers near storm drains, high
concentrations of toxic metals in harbor and ocean sediments, and
toxicity to aquatic life.
These impacts translate into losses to the County's $2 billion a year
tourism economy, loss of recreational resource, dramatic cost increases
for cleaning up contaminated sediments and impaired function and
vitality of our natural resources.
HISTORY
The Clean Water Act of 1987 established requirements for storm water
discharges under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NPDES) program. In response to those requirements, the State of
California issued a five-year permit for municipal storm water discharges
to Los Angeles County in June 1990 .
The 1990 permit was very general in nature, resulting in storm water
programs that varied widely from city to city. The 1996 permi~ a
reissuance of the 1990 permit, therefore seeks to provide better direction
by specifying actions needed to comply with permit requirements.
This permit is the result of one and a half years of discussions between
representatives of the Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control
Board (Regional Board), Los Angeles County, the City of Los Angeles,
three smaller cities, and the environmental community. It also
incorporates extensive comments received from all interested parties on
two earlier drafts .
GOALS OF THE MUNICIPAL STORM WATER PERMIT
• • To attain and protect the beneficial uses of water bodies in Los
Angeles County;
• • To reduce pollutants in stormwater to the maximum extent
1111 practicable; and
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• To evaluate compliance with the objectives and requirements
contained in the permit.
REQUIREMENTS OF THE STORM WATER MANAGEMENT
PROGRAM
In general, the permit requires implementation of both the Storm Water
Management Program contained in the permit, the elements of the
Countywide Stormwater Management Plan (CSWMP) or Watershed
Management Area Plans (WMAP) that will be developed pursuant to the
permit.
The Countywide Stonn Water Management Plan
and Water Management Area Plans
Much of the permit details the Storm Water Management Program
elements and "whaf' should be induded in the CSWMP. Developing the
specified program elements will require that Permittees determine "how"
actions will be implemented. Program elements, once developed, will
then be compiled into the unified implementation plan known as the
CSWMP.
The Watershed Management Area Plans are to be devdoped later in the
permit cycle. They are based on the requirements of the permit and the
CSWMP, but will also indude actions that address water quality problems
and concerns that are unique to the six watershed areas of Los Angeles
County. Once developed and approved, the WMAP superceded the
CSWMP .
The storm water management program is comprised of seven elements,
the objectives of which are to:
1. Effectively manage and coordinate implementation of the storm
water program;
2. Identify and eliminate illicit connections and illicit discharges to the
storm drain system;
3. · Reduce storm water impacts associated with development and
redevelopment projects;
4. Reduce storm water quality impacts associated with public agency
activities;
5. Increase public knowledge about the impacts of storm water
pollution and about actions that can be taken to prevent pollution .
6. Increase knowledge and understanding about the quality,
quantity, sources, and impacts of urban runoff; and
7. Evaluate the effectiveness of implementing storm water
management programs .
• http://www.lastorm.water.org/pages/npdeslit.htm
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GENERAL CATAGORIES FOR WATER POLLUTION
Urban runoff from a developed site has the potential to contn'bute pollutants, including oil and
grease, suspended solids, metals, gasoline, pesticides, and pathogens to the storm water
conveyance system and receiving waters. For the purposes of identifying pollutants of concern
and associated storm water B11Ps, pollutants are grouped in nine general categories ·as follows:
1. Sediments -Sediments are soils or other surficial materials eroded and then
transported or deposited by the action of wind, water, ice, or gravity. Sediments can increase
turbidity, clog fish gills, reduce spawning habitat, lower young aquatic organisms survival rates,
smother bottom dwelling organisms, and suppress aquatic vegetation growth. .
2. Nutrients-Nutrients are inorganic substances, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. They
commonly exist in the form of mineral salts that are either dissolved or suspended in water.
Primary sources of nutrients in urban runoff are fertilizers and eroded soils. Excessive discharge
of nutrients to water bodies and streams can cause ~xcessive aquatic algae and plant growth. Such
excessive production, referred to as cultural eutrophication, may lead to excessive decay of
organic matter in the water body, loss of oxygen in the water, release of toxins in sediment, and
the eventual death of aquatic organisms.
3. Metals -Metals are raw material components in non-metal products such as fuels, adhesives,
paints, and other coatings. Primary source of metal pollution in storm water are typically
commercially available metals and metal products .
Metals of concern include cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc. Lead and
chromium have been used as corrosion inln'bitors in primer coatings and cooling tower systems .
At low concentrations naturally occurring in soil, metals are not toxic. However, at higher
concentrations, certain metals can be toxic to aquaticlife. Humans can be impacted from
contaminated groundwater resources, and bioaccumulation of metals in fish and shell:fish.
Environmental concerns, regarding the potential for release of metals to the environment, have
already led to restricted metal usage in certain applications .
4. Organic Compounds -Organic compounds are carbon-based. Commercially available or
~turally occurring organic compounds are found in pesticides, solvents, and hydrocarbons.
Organic compounds can, at certain concentrations, indirectly or directly constitute a hazard to life
or health. When rinsing off objects, toxic levels of solvents and cleaning compounds can be
discharged to storm drains. Dirt, grease, and grime retained in the cleaning fluid or rinse water
may also adsorb levels of organic compounds that are harmful or hazardous to aquatic life.
5. Trash & Debris -Trash (such as paper, plastic, polystyrene packing foam, and aluminum
materials) and biodegradable organic matter (such as leaves, grass cuttings, and food waste) are
general waste products on the landscape. The presence of trash & debris may have a significant
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impact on the recreational value of a water body and aquatic habitat Excess organic matter can
create a high biochemical oxygen demand in a stream and thereby lower its water quality. Also, in
areas where stagnant water exists, the presence of excess organic matter can promote septic
conditions resulting in the growth of undesirable organisms and the release of odorous and
hazardous compounds such as hydrogen sulfide .
6. Oxygen.,. Demanding Substances -This category includes biodegradable organic material as
well as chemicals that react with dissolved oxygen in water to. form other compounds. Proteins,
carbohydrates, and fu.ts are examples of biodegradable organic compounds. Compounds such as
ammonia and hydrogen sulfide are examples of oxygen-demanding compounds. The oxygen
demand of a substance can lead to depletion of dissolved oxygen in a water body and possibly the
development of septic conditions.
7. Oil and Grease-Oil and grease are characterized as high-molecular weight organic
compounds. Primary sources of oil and grease are petroleum hydrocarbon products, motor
products from leaking vehicles, esters, oils, fats, waxes, and bighmolecular-weight fattyacids.
Introduction of these pollutants to the water bodies are very possible due to the wide uses and
applications of some of these products in municipal, residential, commercial, industrial, and
construction areas. Elevated oil and grease content can decrease the aesthetic value of the water
body, as well as the water quality.
8. Bacteria and Viruses -Bacteria and viruses are ubiquitous microorganisms that thrive under
certain environmental conditions. Their proliferation is typically caused by the transport of animal
or human fecal wastes from the watershed. Water, containing excessive bacteria and viruses can
alter the aquatic habitat and create a harmful environment for humans and aquatic life. Also, the
decomposition of excess organic waste causes increased growth of undesirable organisms in the
water .
9. Pesticides-Pesticides (including herbicides) are chemical compounds commonly used to
control nuisance growth or prevalence of organisms. Excessive application of a pesticide may
result in runoff containing toxic levels of its active component.
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Pointer No.1
EPA841-F-96-004A
Nonpoint Source Pollution: The Nation's Largest Water Quality
Problem
Why is there still water that's too dirty for swimming, fishing or
drinking? Why are native species of plants and animals disappearing
. from many rivers, lakes, and coastal waters?
The United States has made tremendous advances in the past 25 years
.:"11-ii~;;:;to clean up the aquatic environment by controlling pollution from
industries and sewage treatment plants. Unfortunately, we did not do
enough to control pollution from diffuse, or nonpoint, sources. Today,
nonpoint source (NPS) pollution remains the Nation's largest source of
· water quality problems. It's the main reason that approximately 40
. ·.·· percent of otrr surveyed rivers, lakes, and estuaries are not clean
· enough to meet basic uses such as fishing or swimming.
NPS pollution occurs when rainfall, snowmelt, or irrigation runs over
J--t-.=.;.;;.;;.;.._~=;..._~;.....;;.;;~land or through the ground, picks up pollutants, and deposits them into
rivers, lakes, and coastal waters or introduces them into ground water .
t--+-....,-nl-cs-.pai-+-IAJ-no-·.,;-pa~-t----tlmagine the path taken by a drop of rain from the time it bits the
2 point point ground to when it reaches a river, ground water, or the ocean. Any aourcea to...-oe• .j __ llutant it picks up on its journey can oeconie part of the NPS
3 AgricuttJr-. problem. NPS pollution also includes adverse changes to the
~"""'"""=~~~~""'"'"'~~vegetation, shape, and flow of streams and other aquatic systems .
· · · ·· NPS pollution is widespread because it can occur any time activities
disturb the land or water. Agriculture, forestry, grazing, septic systems,
~~.;.;;.;;;;.~~;.;.;.;;;;;;;;.;;.;.;..;~~~recreational boating, urban runoff, construction, physical changes to
NPS pollution occurs when
water runs CNer land or through
the ground, picks up pollutants,
and deposits them in surface
waters or introduces them into
groundwater
stream channels, and habitat degradation are potential sources ofNPS
pollution. Careless or uninformed household management also
contributes to NPS pollution problems.
The latest National Water Quality Inventory indicates that agriculture
is the leading contributor to water quality impairments, degrading 60
percent of the impaired river miles and half of the impaired lake acreage
surveyed by states, territories, and tnbes. Runoff from urban areas is the largest source of water quality
impairments to surveyed estuaries (areas near the coast where seawater mixes with freshwater) .
The most common NPS pollutants are sediment and nutrients. These wash into water bodies from
agricultural land, small and medium-sized animal feeding operations, construction sites, and other areas
of disturbance. Other common NPS pollutants include pesticides, pathogens (bacteria and viruses),
salts, oil, grease, toxic chemicals, and heavy metals. Beach closures, destroyed habitat, unsafe drinking
water, fish kills, and many other severe envh'onmental and human health problems result from NPS
pollutants. The pollutants also ruin the beauty of healthy, clean water habitats. Each year the United
States spends millions of dollars to restore and protect the areas damaged by NPS pollutants .
http://www.epagov/OWOW/NPS/fa.cts/pointl.htm 9/27/01
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Progress
During the last 10 years, our country has made significant headway in addressing NPS pollution. At the
federal level, recent NPS control programs include the Nonpoint Source Management Program
established by the 1987 Clean Water Act Amendments, and the Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Program
established by the 1990 Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments. Other recent federal
programs, as well as state, territorial, tnbal and local programs also tackle NPS problems.
In addition, public and private groups have developed and used pollution prevention and pollution
reduction initiatives and NPS pollution controls, known as management measures, to clean up our .
water efficiently. Water quality monitoring and environmental education activities supported by
government agencies, tribes, industry, volunteer groups, and schools have provided information about
NPS pollution and have helped to determine the effectiveness of management techniques.
Also, use of the watershed approach has helped communities address water quality problems caused by
NPS pollution. The watershed approach looks at not only a water body but also the entire area that
drains into it. This allows communities to focus resources on a watersheds most serious environmental
problems--which, in many instances, are caused by NPS pollution.
Just as important, more citizens are practicing water conservation and participating in stream walks,
beach cleanups, and other environmental activities sponsored by community-based organizations. By
helping out in such efforts, citizens address the Nation's largest water quality proble~ and ensure that
even more of our rivers, lakes, and coastal waters become safe for swimming, fishing, drinking, and
aquatic life.
RELATED PUBLICATIONS
• Additional fact sheets in the Nonpoint Pointers series (EPA-841-F-96-004)
• Watershed Approach Framework (EP A840-S-96-00 1)
EPA Journal, Vol. 17, No.5, Nov/Dec 1991, (EPA-22K-1005)
111 Managing Nonpoint Source Pollution: Final Report to Congress on Section 319 of the Clean Water
Act (EP A-506/9-90) • • -
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NPS News-Notes (EPA-841-N-92-003)
Polluted (EPA-841-F-94-005)
The Quality of Our Nation's Water: 1994 (EPA-841-S-95-004)
The Watershed Protection Approach (EPA-503/9-92/002)
To order any of the above EPA documents call or fax the National Service Center for Environmental
Publications.
Tel (513) 489-8190
http://www.epagov/OWOWINPS/facts/pointl.htm 9/27/01
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---Fax (513) 489-8695 --FOR MORE INFORMATION
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency --Nonpoint Source Control Branch
-Washington DC 2046~
• ... Office of Wetlands. Oceans & Watersheds Home I Watershed Protection Home
•
-EPA Home I Office of Water I Search I Comments I Contacts ..
Revised: 04/10/2001 07:12:01
... http://www.epa.gov/OWOWINPS/facts/pointl.htm
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Pointer No. 2
EP A841-F-96-004B
Opportunities for Public Involvement in Nonpoint Source Control
Over the last 25 years, communities have played an important role in
addressing nonpoint source (NPS) pollution, the Nation's leading source
~v<r:JU.l~ofwater quality problems. When coordinated with federal, state, and
local environmental programs and initiatives, community-bas¢ NPS
control efforts can be highly successfuL To learn about and help control
NPS pollution, contact the community-based organizations and
environmental agencies in your area. These groups often have
~;~~~~information about how citizens can get involved in the following types
~ ofNPS control activities.
Did you know
that volunteeiS
often collect
information on the
health of water-
ways and the
extent of NPS
poliutlon?
~------------~--~
NPS po llulion occurs when
water runs over land or through
the ground, picks up pollutants,
and de posits them in surface
waters or introduces them into
groundwater.
Water Conservation
Local groups organize volunteers of all skill levels to gather water
quality data This information can help government agencies understand
the magnitude ofNPS pollution. More than 500 active volunteer
monitoring groups currently operate throughout the United States.
Monitoring groups may also have information about other NPS
pollution projects, such as beach cleanups, stream walks, and
restoration activities.
Ecological Restoration
Ecological restoration provides opportunities for the public to help out
with a wide variety of projects, such as tree planting and bank
stabilization in both urban and rural areas. Restoration efforts focus on
degraded waters or habitats that have significant economic or ecological
value .
Educational Activities
Teachers can integrate NPS pollution c~cula into their classroom
activities. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), federal
and state agencies, private groups, and nonprofit organizations offer
teachers a wide variety of materials. Students can start on an NPS
control project in the primary grades and carry their work through to
the intermediate and secondary levels .
Using technologies that limit water use in the bathroom, kitchen, laundry room, lawn, driveway, and
garden can reduce the demand on existing water supplies and limit the amount of water runoff. More
than 40 states now have some type of water conservation pro~am to help citizens and businesses
implement conservation practices. Government agencies, utilities, and hardware stores have
infonna1:ion about different products that help households conserve water.
http://www.epagov/OWOW /NPS/facts/point2.htm 9/27/01
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Household Management
Learning to limit NPS pollution at the household level can reduce the overall impacts ofNPS pollution
on water quality. Households, for example, can irrigate during cooler hours of the day, limit fertilizer
applications to lawns and gardens, and properly store chemicals to reduce runoff and keep runoff clean.
Chemicals and oil should not be poured into sewers, where they can result in major water quality
problems. Pet wastes, a signi£.cant source of nutrient contamination, should be disposed of properly.
Households can also replace impervious surfaces with more porous materials.
Public Meetings and Hearings
Decisions made during public hearings on stormwater pe~ing and town planning .can determine a
community's capability to manage NPS pollution over the long term. Laws or regulations may require
federal, state, or local agencies to hold public hearings when permits are issued· or when town plans are
formed. Notices about hearings often appear in the newspaper or in government office buildings.
Community Organizations
Many communities have formed groups to protect local natural resources. These community-based
groups provide citizens with information about upcoming environmental events in their watershed,
such as ecological restoration, volunteer monitoring, and public meetings. Watershed-level associations
are particularly effective at addressing a wide range ofNPS pollution problems.
Environmental Information on the Internet
Citizens can obtain a tremendous amount of environmental data and educational material with a
computer linked to the World Wide Web. EPA's site (http://www.epagov) on the World Wide Web
provides up-to-date information on Agency activities and enables citizens to find out about air and
water quality data in specific communities.
EPA supports NPSINFO, a forum for discussion ofNPS issues, including NPS education. Citizens
with access to e-mail can Sl.lbscribe to NPSINFO free of charge by sending an e-mail message to:
listserve:r@unixmaiLrtpnc.epa.gov
and include in the body of the message:
subscribe NPSINFO (your first name) (Your last name)
Other federal, state, tribal, and local agencies, as well as businesses and nonprofit groups, also provide
environmental information on the World Wide Web.
RELATED PUBLICATIONS
Additional fact sheets in the Nonpoint Pointers series (EPA-841-F-96-004)
Clean Water in Your Watershed, Terrene Institute, Washington, DC, 1993
http://www.epa.gov/OWOWINPS/facts/point2.htm 9/27/01
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Cleaner Water Through Conservation (EPA-841-B-95-002)
Compendium of Educational Materials on the Water Environment, Alliance for Environmental Ed.,
Inc., Marshall, VA, 1992
EPA Journal, Vol. 17, No.5, Nov/Dec 1991, (EPA-22k-1005)
Environmental Resource Guide, Nonpoint Source Pollution Prevention, Air & Waste Management
Assoc., Pittsburgh, P A
Handle With Care, Terrene Institute, W asbington, DC, 1991
National Directory of Volunteer Envirorunental Monitoring Programs (EPA -841-B-94-00 1)
The Quality of Our Nation's Water: 1994 (EPA-841-S-95-004)
Xeriscape Landscaping (EPA-840-B-93-001)
• To order any of the above EPA documents, call or fax the National Center for Environmental
Publications and Information. -..
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Tel (513) 489-8190 .
Fax (513) 489-8695
FOR MORE lNFORMATON
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Nonpoint Source Control Branch
Washington DC 20460
9ffice of Wetlands. Oceans & Watersheds Home I Watershed Protection Home
EPA Home 1 Office of Water I Search I Comments I Contacts
Revised January 21, 1997
URL: http ://www.epa.gov/OWOW INPS/fucts/point2.html
http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/NPS/fucts/point2.htm 9/27/01
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Pointer No. 4
EP A841-F-96-004 D
The Nonpoint Source Management Program
The Clean Water Act of 1972 helped clean up of 111.8.ny of our country's
waters, often achieving dramatic improvements. Despite those
•J.lr= • successes, approximately 36 percent ofthe Nation's surveyed river
~miles, 37 percent ofits surve. yed lake acreage, and 37 percent ofits
'!;P: surveyed estuarine square miles are not safe for basic uses such as t::_ swimming or :fishing.
.~
Did you know
that at least 50%
of water quality
problems In the
U.S. result from
NPS pollution?
States, territories, and tribes estimate that at least half of these
impairments, as well as significant ground water contamination, are
caused by nonpoint source (NPS) pollution, making it the Nation's
leading source of water quality problems. To address these problems,
Congress amended the Clean Water Act in 1987. Congress established
the NPS Pollution Management Program under section 319 ofthe
amendments. The program provides states, territories, and tribes with
grants to implement NPS pollution controls described in approved NPS
pollution management programs.
In 1990, the U.S. EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA) began
awarding grants to states, territories, and tribes with approved
programs. By 1991, all 50 states and the territories had received EPA
approval; by 1995, 7 tribes also had received approval. Since 1990,
recipients of319 grants have directed approximately 40 percent of
awarded funds toward controlling NPS pollution from agricultural
lands. In addition, nearly one-quarter of the money was used for general
assistance purposes, including funding for outreach and technical
assistance. Efforts. to control runoff from urban sources, septic systems,
1-------------1 and construction also received significant funding under section 319, as
NPS pollution oocurswhen
wa1er runs over land or through
the ground, picks up pollutants,
and deposits them in surface
wa1ers or introduces them into
groundwater.
did projects to manage wetlands and NPS pollution from forestry,
habitat degradation, and changes to stream channels.
In 1991, EPA established the National Monitoring Program to evaluate
the effectiveness ofNPS pollution control projects. Fourteen state-
proposed projects will be evaluated over a 6-to l 0-y.ear period. The
findings from this effort will help states, territories, and tn"bes develop
more successful NPS pollution controls in other watersheds .
As of 1995, EPA had awarded states, territories, and tribes $370 million under section 319 to
implement NPS pollution controL Section 319 Success Stories provides examples of how states,
territories, and tnbes chose to use section 319 funds .
How Section 319 Works
Assessment Reports
http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/NPS/fucts/point4.htm 9/27/01
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All states, territories, and some tribes have met two basic requirements to be eligible for a section 319
grant, the first of which is to develop and gain EPA approval of a NPS pollution assessment report. In
the assessment report, the state, territory, or tribe identifies waters impacted or threatened by NPS
pollution. The state, territory, or tribe also descnbes the categories ofNPS pollution, such as
agriculture, urban runo:Et: or forestry, that are causing water quality .
A1anagementPrograms
To meet the second requirement a state, territory, or tnbe must develop and obtain EPA approval of a
NPS pollution management program. This program becomes the framework for controlling NPS
pollution, given the existing and potential water quality problems described in the NPS pollution
assessment report. A well-developed management program supports activities with the greatest
potential to produce early, demonstrable water quality results; assists in the building oflong-tenn
institutional capacity to address NPS pollution problems; and encourages strong interagency
coordination and ample opportunity for public involvement in the decision-making process .
How to Get Involved
The addresses and telephone numbers of state and territory nonpoint source officials are listed in the
Nonpoint Source Water Quality Contacts /)irectory. These individuals can inform citizens about
section 319 program activities in their home state or territory. They can also let citizens know how to
become involved in the periodic updates of section 319 NPS assessments and NPS management
programs.
RELATED PUBLICATIONS
Additional fact sheets in the Nonpoint Pointers series (EPA.:.841-F-96-004)
Managing Nonpomt Source Pollution: Final Report to Congress on Section 319 of the Clean Water
Act (EP A-506/9-90)
Nonpoint Source Water Quality ContaCts Directory, Conservation Techtiology Information Center,
West Lafayette, Indiana ·
The Quality of Our Nation's Water: 1994 (EPA-841-S-95-004)
Section 319 National Monitoring Program Projects (EP A-841-S-94-006) l+m .... ,
Section 319 National Monitoring Program: An Overview. Water Quality Group. North Carolina State
University, March 1995
Section 319 Success Stories (EPA-841-S-94-004)
To order any EPA documents call or fax the National Center for Environmental Publications and
Information .
Tel (513) 489-8190
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FOR MORE INFORMATION
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Nonpoint Source Control Branch
Washington DC 20460
Office of Wetlands, Oceans & Watersheds Home I Watershed Protection Home
EPA Home I Office of Water I Search l Comments I Contacts
Revised January 2/, 1997
URL: http://www.epa.gov/OWOWINPS/fucts/point4.html
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Pointer No. 5
EPA841-F-96-004E
Did you know
that by 2010,
almost one-half of
the U.S. popula-
tion wl/11/ve near
coastal waters In
regions that make
up only 10 percent
of our country s
land areas?
Protecting Coastal Waters from Nonpoint Source Pollution
Coastal waters provide homes for an amazing array of plants and
animals and are recreational havens for more than 180 million visitors
each year. Yet, high levels of pollution prevented people from
swimming safely at coastal beaches on more than 12,000 occasions from
1988 through 1994, and the latest National Water Quality Inventory
reports that one-third of surveyed estuaries (areas near the coast where
seawater and freshwater mixing occurs) are damaged. Rapidly
increasing population growth and development in coastal regions could
be a source of even more coastal water quality problems in the future.
A significant portion of the threats to coastal waters are caused by
nonpoint source pollution (NPS). Major sources in coastal waters
include agriculture and urban runoff Other significant sources include
faulty septic systems, forestry, marinas and recreational boating,
physical changes to. stream channels, and habitat degradation, especially
the destruction of wetlands and vegetated areas near streams.
In 1990, Congress passed the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization
Amendments (CZARA) to tackle the nonpoint source pollution problem
in coastal waters. Section 6217 of CZARA requires the 29 states and
territories with approved Coastal Zone Management Programs to
develop Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Programs. In its program, a
state or territory descnbes how it will implement nonpoint source
pollution controls, known as management measures, that conform with
those descnbed in Guidance Specifying Management Measures for
1--------------1Sources ofNonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters.
NPS p_oiJution ocrurs when
water runs over land or through
the ground, picks up pollutants,
and deposits them in surface
waters or introduces them into
groundwater.
If these original management measures fail to produce the necessary
coastal water quality improvements, a state or territocy then must
implement additional management measures to address remaining water
quality problems. Approved programs will update and expand upon
NPS Management Programs developed under section 319 of the Clean
Water Act and Coastal Zone Management Programs developed under
section 306 of the Coastal Zone Management Act.
The coastal nonpoint program strengthens the links between federal and state/territory coastal zone
management and water quality programs in order to enhance efforts to manage land management
activities that degrade coastal waters and coastal habitats. State and territorial coastal zone agencies
and water quality agencies have coequal roles, as do the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) at the federal level.
Coastal Non point Pollution Control Programs
In 1995, coastal states and territories submitted their coastal nonpoint programs to EPA and NOAA
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for review and approval. States and territories are scheduled to implement the first phase of their
approved program by 2004 and, if necessary, the second phase by 2009. Approved programs include
several key elements, described below.
Boundary. The boundary defines the region where land and water uses have a significant impact on a
states or territorys coastal waters. It also includes areas where future land uses reasonably can be
expected to impair coastal waters. To define the boundary, a state or territory may choose a region
suggested by NOAA or may propose its own boundary based on geologic, hydrologic, and other
scientific data.
Management Measures. The state or territory coastal nonpoint program descnbes how a state or
·territory plans to control NPS pollution within the boundary. To help states and territories identifY
appropriate technologies and tools, EPA issued Guidance Specifying Management Measures for
Sources ofNonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters. This technical guidance descnbes the best available,
economically achievable approaches used to control NPS pollution from the major categories of land
management activities that can degrruje coastal water quality. States or territories may elect to
implement alternative measurement measures as long as the alternative measures will achieve the same
environmental results as those described in the guidance .
Enforceable Policies and Mechanisms. States and territories need to ensure the implementation of the
management measures. Mechanisms may include, for example, permit programs, zoning, bad actor
laws, enforceable water quality standards, and general environmental laws and prolnbitions. States and
territories may also use voluntary approaches like economic incentives if they are backed by
appropriate regulations.
Final Approval and Conditional Approval
In certain circumstances, NOAA and EPA may grant a program conditional approval for up to 5 years.
Conditional approval provides a state or territory additional time to fully develop its management
program while it begins initial program implementation. Conditional approval would include
benchmarks for progress toward eventual full program development and approval.
RELATED PUBLICATIONS
· Additional fact sheets in the Nonpoint Pointers series (EP A-841-F-96-004)
Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program: Program Development and Approval Guidance (EPA-
841-B-93-003)
Global Marine Biological Diversity, Center for Marine Conservation, Island Press. Washington, DC,
1993
Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources ofNonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters
(EPA-840-B-92-002)
The Quality ofOurNation's Water: 1994 (EPA-841-S-95-004)
Testing the Waters V: Politics and Pollution at US Beaches. Natural Resources Defense Council, June
1995
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To order any EPA documents call or fax the National Center for Environmental Publications and
Infonnation.
Te1(513)489-8190
Fax (513) 489-8695
FOR MORE INFORMATION
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Nonpoint Source Control Branch
Washington DC 20460
Office of Wetlands. Oceans & Watersheds Home I Watershed Protection Home
EPA Home I Office of Water I Search I Comments I Contacts
Revised January 21, 1997
URL: http://www.epa.gov/OWOW/NPS/facts/point5.htm.l
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Pointer No.7
EP A841-F-96-004G
Managing Urban Runoff
The most recent National Water Quality Inventory reports that runoff
from urban areas is the leading source of impairments to surveyed
estuaries and the third largest source of water quality impainnents to
• • ..,., ................. -surveyed lakes. In addition, population and development trends indicate
~ii~!i~~that by 2010 more thanhalfofthe Nation will live in coastal towns and
• cities. Runoff from these rapidly growing urban areas will continue to
· ----· degrade coastal waters.
Did you know
that because
of impetV/ous
sulfaces such as
pavement and
rooftops, a t.yplcal
city block gen-
erates 9 times
more runoff than
a woodiand area
of the same size?
To protect surface water and ground water quality, urban development
and household activities must be guided by plans that limit runoff and
reduce pollutant loadings. To this end, conununities can address urban
water quality proplems on both a local and watershed level and garner
the institutional support to help address urban runoff problems.
How Urban Areas Affect Runoff
Increased RU:noff. The porous and varied terrain of natural landscapes
like forests, wetlands, and grasslands trap rainwater and snovvmelt and
allow it to slowly filter into the ground. Runoff tends to reach receiving
waters gradually. In contrast, nonporous urban landscapes like roads,
bridges, parking lots, and buildings don't let runoff slowly percolate into
the ground. Water remains above the surface, accumulates, and ·runs off
in large amounts .
Cities install storm sewer systems that quickly channel this runoff from
NPS pollution occurs when roads and other impervious surfaces. Runoff gathers speed once it enters
water runs overland or through the storm sewer system. When it leaves the system and empties into a
the ground, picks up pollutants, J~d-............. ~~1arge volumes of quickly flowmg' ruri.off erode streambanks, and deposits them in surface
waters or introduces 1 hem into damage streamside vegetatio~ and widen stream channels. In turn, this
groundwater. will result in lower water depths during non-storm periods, higher than
normal water levels during wet weather periods, increased sediment
L--------------loads, and higher water temperatures. Native fish and other aquatic life
cannot survive in urban streams severely ]mpacted by urban runoff.
Increased Pollutant Loads. Urbanization also increases the variety and amount of pollutants
transported to receiving waters. Sediment from development and new construction; oil, grease, and
toxic chemicals from automobiles; nutrients and pesticides from turf management and gardening;
viruses and bacteria from failing septic systems; road salts; and heavy meta1s are examples of pollutants
generated in urban areas. Sediments and solids constitute the largest volume of pollutant loads to
receiving waters in urban areas .
When runoff enters storm drains, it carries many of these pollutants with it. In older cities, this polluted
runoff~ often released directly ip.to the water without any treatment. Increased pollutant loads can
harm fish and wildlife populations, kill native vegetatio~ foul drinldng water supplies, and make
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recreational areas unsafe .
Point and Nonpoint Distinctions
There are two different types of laws that help control urban runoff. one focusing on urban point
sources and the other focusing on urban nonpoint sources. Urban point source pollution is addressed
by the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System permit program of the Clean Water Act, which
regulates stormwater discharges. Urban nonpoint source pollution is covered by nonpoint source
management programs developed by states, territories, and tribes under the Clean Water Act. In states
and territories with coastal zones, programs to protect coastal waters from nonpoint source pollution
also are required by section 6217 of the Coastal Zone Act Reauthorization Amendments .
Measures to Manage Urban Runoff
Plans for New Development. New developments should attempt to maintain the volume of runoff at
predevelopment levels by using structural controls and pollution prevention strategies. Plans for the
management of runoff; sediment, toxics, and nutrients can establish guidelines to help achieve both
goals. Management plans are designed to protect sensitive ecological areas, minlm.ize land
disturbances, and retain natural drainage and vegetation.
Plans for Existing Development. Controlling runoff :from existing urban areas tends to be relatively
expensive compared to managing runoff from new developments. However, existing urban areas can
target their urban runoff control projects to make them more economical. Runoff management plans
for existing areas can first identify priority pollutant reduction opportunities, then protect natural areas
that help control runoff: and :finally begin ecological restoration and retrofit activities to clean up
degraded water bodies. Citizens can help prioritize the clean-up strategies, volunteer to become
involved with restoration efforts, and help protect ecologically valuable areas.
Plans for Onsite Disposal Systems. The control of nutrient and pathogen loadings to surface waters
can begin with the proper design, installation, and operation of onsite disposal systems (OSDSs). These
septic systems should be situated away from open waters and sensitive resources such as wetlands and
floodplains. They should also be inspected, pumped out, and repaired at regular time intervals .
Household maintenance of septic systems can play a 4u'ge role in preventing excessive system
discharges .
Public Education. Schools can conduct education projects that teach students how to prevent
pollution and keep water clean. In addition, educational outreach can target specific enterprises, such
as service stations, that have opportunities to control runoff onsite. Many communities have
implemented storm drain stenciling programs that discourage people from dumping ·traSh directly into
storm sewer systems.
RELATED PUBLICATIONS
Additional fact sheets in the Nonpoint Pointers series (EPA-841-F-96-004)
Controlling Nonpoint Source RunoffFrom Roads. Highways, and Bridges (EPA-841-F-95-00Sa)
Developing Successful Runoff Control Programs for Urbanized Areas (EPA-841-K-94-003)
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Economic Benefits of Runoff Controls (EP A-S-95-002)
Fundamentals ofUrban Runoff: Terrene Institute, Washington, DC, 1994
Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources ofNonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters,
Chapter 4 (EP A-840-B-92-002)
Storm Water Fact Sheet (EPA-933-F-94-006)
The Quality of Our Nation's Water: 1994 (EPA-841-S-95-004)
To order any of the above EPA documents call or fax the National Center for Environmental
Publications and Information.
Tel (513) 489-8190
Fax (513) 489-8695
FOR MORE INFORMATION
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Nonpoint Source Control ,Branch
• Washington DC 20460 ..
• ' Office of Wetlands. Oceans & Watersheds Home I Watershed Protection Home
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RESOURCES AND REFERENCES
STORMWATER aEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
The following are a list of BMPs may be used to minimize the introduction of pollutants
of concern that may result in significant impacts to receiving waters. Other BMPs
approved by the Copermittee as being equally or more effective in pollutant reduction
than comparable BMPs identified below are acceptable. See Appendix B: Suggested
Resources for additional sources of information. All BMPs must comply with local
zoning and building codes and other applicable regulations.
Site Design BMPs
Minimizing Impervious Areas
• Reduce sidewalk widths
• Incorporate landscaped buffer areas between sidewalks and streets.
• Design residential streets for the minimum required pavement widths
• Minimize the number of residential street cui-de-sacs and incorporate
landscaped areas to reduce their impervious cover.
• Use open space development that incorporates smaller lot sizes
• Increase building density while decreasing the building footprint
• Reduce overall lot imperviousness by promoting alternative driveway
surfaces and shared driveways that connect two or more homes together
• Reduce overall imperviousness associated with parking lots by providing
compact car spaces, minimizing stall dimensions, incorporating efficient
parking lanes, and using pervious materials in spillover parking areas
Increase Rainfall Infiltration
• Use permeable materials for private sidewalks, driveways, parking lots, and
interior roadway surfaces (examples: hybrid lots, parking groves, permeable
overflow parking, etc.)
• Direct rooftop runoff to pervious areas such as yards, open channels, or
vegetated areas, and avoid routing rooftop runoff to the roadway or the urban
runoff conveyance system
Maximize Rainfall Interception
• Maximizing canopy interception and water conservation by preserving
existing native trees and shrubs, and planting additional native or drought
tolerant trees and large shrubs.
Minimize Directly Connected Impervious Areas (DCIAs)
ANAL MODEL SUSMP
Jointly Developed by
San Diego Co-Pennittees 2/14/02
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• Draining rooftops into adjacent landscaping prior to discharging to the storm
drain
• Draining parking lots into landscape areas co-designed as biofiltration areas
• Draining roads, sidewalks, and impervious trails into adjacent landscaping
Slope and Channel Protection
• Use of natural drainage systems to the maximum extent practicable
• Stabilized permanent channel crossings
• Planting native or drought tolerant vegetation on slopes
• Energy dissipaters, such as riprap, at the outlets of new storm drains,
culverts, conduits, or channels that enter unlined channels
Maximize Rainfall Interception
• Cisterns
• Foundation planting
Increase Rainfall Infiltration
• Dry wells
Source Control BMPs
• Storm drain system stenciling and signage
• Outdoor material and trash storage area designed to reduce or control
rainfalr runoff
• Efficient irrigation system
Treatment Control BMPs
Biofilters
• Grass swale
• Grass strip
• Wetland vegetation swale
• Bioretention
Detention Basins
• Extended/dry detention basin with grass lining
• Extended/dry detention basin with impervious lining
Infiltration Basins
• Infiltration basin
• Infiltration trench
• Porous asphalt
• Porous concrete
• Porous modular concrete block
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Wet Ponds and Wetlands
• Wet pond (permanent pool}
• Constructed wetland
Drainage Inserts
• Oil/Water separator
• Catch basin insert
• Storm drain inserts
• Catch basin screens
Filtration Systems
• Media filtration
• Sand filtration
Hydrodynamic Separation Systems
• Swirl Concentrator
• Cyclone Separator
FINAL MODEL SUSMP
Jointly Developed by
San Diego Co-Pennittees 2/14/02
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APPENDIX B
SUGGESTED RESOURCES HOW TO GET A COPY
Better Site Design: A Handbook for Changing Center for Watershed Protection
Development Rules in Your Community ( 1998) 8391 Main Street
81icott City, MD 21043
Presents guidance for different model development 410-461-8323
alternatives. www.cwp.org
California Urban runoff Best Management Los Angeles County Department of Public Works
Practices Handbooks ( 1993) for Construction Cashiers Office
Activity, Municipal, and lndustriaVCommercial 900 S. Fremont Avenue
Alhambra, CA 91803
Presents a description of a large variety of 626-458-6959
Structural BMPs, Treatment Control, .BMPs and
Source Control BMPs
Caltrans Urban runoff Quality Handbook: Planning California Department of Transportation
and Design Staff Guide (Best Management P.O. Box 942874
Practices Handbooks (1998) Sacramento, CA 9427 4-0001
916-653-2975
Presents ouidance for desian of urban runoff BMPs
Design Manual for Use of Bioretention in Prince George's County
Stormwater Management (1993} Watershed Protection Branch
9400 Peppercorn Place, Suite 600
Presents guidance for designing bioretention Landover, MD 20785
facilities .
Design of Stormwater Filtering Systems (1996) by Center for Watershed Protection
Richard A. Claytor and Thomas R. Schuler 8391 Main Street
81icott City, MD 21043
Presents detailed engineering guidance on ten 410-461-8323
different urban runoff-filterino svstems.
Development Planning for Stormwater Los Angeles County
Management, A Manual for the Standard Urban Department of Public Works
Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), (May 2000) htlp;j/dpw.co.la.ca.us/epdl or
httrJ://www.888cleanLA.com
Florida Development Manual: A Guide to Sound Aorida Department of the Environment 2600
Land and Water Management (1988} Blairstone Road, Mail Station 3570
Tallahassee, FL 32399
Presents detailed guidance for designing BMPs 850-921-9472
Guidance Specifying Management Measures for National Technical lnfonnation Service U.S .
Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Water.s Department of Commerce
(1993) Report No. EPA-840-B-92-D02 . Springfield, VA 22161
800-553-6847
Provides an overview of, planning and design
considerations, programmatic and regulatory
a~ects. maintenance considerations, and costs .
Guide for BMP Selection in Urban Developed ASCE Envir. and Watar Res. lnsl
Areas (2001) ·1so1 Alexander Bell Dr.
Reston, VA 20191-4400
(800) 548-2723
FINAL MODEL SUSMP
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SUGGESTED RESOURCES HOW TO GET A COPY
Low-Impact Development Design Strategies -Prince George's County, Maryland
An Integrated Design Approach (June 1999) Department of Environmental Resource
Programs and Planning Division
9400 Peppercorn Place
Largo, Maryland 20n 4
http:/lwww.co.pg.md. us/Govemment/DERIPPD/pg
couniY/Hdmain.htm
Maryland Stormwater Design Manual (1999) Maryland Department of the Environment
2500 Broening Highway
Presents guidance for designing urban runoff Baltimore, MD 21224
BMPs 410-631-3000
National Stormwater Best Management Practices American Society of Civil Engineers
(BMP) Database, Version 1.0 1801 Alexander Bell Drive
Reston, VA20191
Provides data on performance and evaluation of 703-296-6000
urban runoff BMPs
National Stormwater Best Management Practices Urban Water Resources Research Coundl of
Database {2001) ASCE
Wright Water Engineers, Inc.
(303) 480-1700
Operation, Maintenance and Management of Watershed Management Institute, Inc.
Stormwater Management (1997) 410 White Oak Drive
Crawfordville, FL 32327
Provides a thorough look at storm water practices 850-926-5310
including, planning and design considerations,
programmatic and regulatory aspects,
maintenance considerations, and costs.
Potential Groundwater Contamination from Report No. EPA/600/R-94/051, USEPA (1994) .
Intentional and Non-Intentional Stormwater
Infiltration
Preliminary Data Summary of Urban runoff Best httQ:{lwww. ega. g_ov[ostf stQrmwaterl
Management Practices (August 1999)
EPA-821-R-99~012
Reference Guide for Stormwater Best City of Los Angeles
Management Practices (July 2000) Urban runoff Management Division
650 South Spring Street, 7tn Floor
los Angeles, California 90014
htto:llwww.lacitv.oru/san/swmdl
Second Nature: Adapting LA's Landscape for Tree People
Sustainable Uving (1999) by Tree People 12601 Mullholland Drive
Beverly Hills, CA 90210
Detailed discussion of BMP designs presented to (818) 623-4848
conserve water, improve water quality, and Fax (818) 753-4625
achieve flood protection.
start at the Source (1999) Bay Area Storrnwater Management Agencies
Association
Detailed discussion of permeable pavements and 2101 Webster Street
alternative driveway designs presented . Suite 500
Oakland, CA
510-286-1255
ANAL MODEL SUSMP
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SUGGESTED RESOURCES HOW TO GET A COPY
Stormwater Management in Washington State Department of Printing
(1999) Vols. 1-5 State of Washington Department of Ecology
P.O. Box798
Presents detailed guidance on BMP design for new Olympia, WA 98507-0798
development and construction. 360-407-7529
Stonnwater, Grading and Drainage Control Code, · City of Seattle
Seattle Municipal Code Section 22.800-22.808, and Department of Design, Construction & Land
Director's Rules, Volumes 1-4. {Ordinance Use
119965, effective July 5, 2000) 700 5111 Avenue, Suite 1900
SeaWe,VVA 98104-5070
(206) 684-8880
fltiJ2:[lwww,ci,:;.ea_ttL.e. WE;l.IJ.s/ddulQ.orJ..e§!.sg,.dQQQQfi.,IJ
tm
Texas Nonpoint Source Book-Online Module Texas Statewide Urban runoff Quality Task Force
(1998)www .txnpsbook.orq North Central Texas Council of Governments
616 Six Aags Drive
Presents BMP design and guidance infonnation Arlington, TX 76005
on-line 817-695-9150
The Practice of Watershed Protection by Thomas Center for Watershed Protection
R. Shchuler and Heather K Holland 8391 Main Street
Blicott City, MD 21043
410-461-8323
www.cwo.ora
Urban Storm Drainage, Criteria Manual-Volume Urban Drainage and Aood Control District
3, Best Management Practices (1999) 2480 West 26th Avenue, Suite 156-B
Denver, CO 80211
Presents guidance for designing BMPs 303-455-6277
ANAL MODEL SUSMP
Jointly Developed by Page 41 of 41
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ATTACHMENT "G"
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Owner Training Log
Date: ------
Storm Water Management Topic: -------------
Specific Training Objective: --------------
Locmwn: ____________ __
Instructor:--------------
Attendee Rooster:
Name Company Phone
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Site Design & Landscape Planning SD-10
Description
----Design Objectives ---------------·-----~ Maximize Infiltration
./ Provide Retention
./ Slow Runoff
~ Minimize Impervious land
Coverage
Prohibit Dumping of Improper
Materials
Contain Pollutants
Collect and Convey
Each project site possesses unique topographic, hydrologic, and vegetative features, some of
which are more suitable for development than others. Integrating and incorporating
appropriate landscape planning methodologies into the project design is the most effective
action that can be done to minimize surface and groundwater contamination from stormwater.
Approach
Landscape planning should couple consideration ofland suitability for urban uses with
consideration of community goals and projected growth. Project plan designs should conserve
natural areas to the extent possible, maximize natural water storage and infiltration
opportunities, and protect slopes and channels .
Suitable Applications
Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for
development or redevelopment .
Design Considerations
Design requirements for site design and landscapes planning should conform to applicable
standards and specifications of agencies with jurisdiction and be consistent with applicable
General Plan and Local Area Plan policies.
Stormwater
ouanty
Association
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
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SD-10 Site Design & Landscape Planning
Designing New Installations
Begin the development of a plan for the landscape unit with attention to the following general
principles:
• Formulate the plan on the basis of clearly articulated community goals. Carefully identify
conflicts and choices between retaining and protecting desired resources and community
growth.
11 Map and assess land suitability for urban uses. Include the following landscape features in
the assessment: wooded land, open unwooded land, steep slopes, erosion-prone soils,
foundation suitability, soil suitability for waste disposal, aquifers, aquifer recharge areas,
wetlands, floodplains, surface waters, agricultural lands, and various categories of urban
land use. When appropriate, the assessment can highlight outstanding local or regional
resources that the community determines should be protected (e.g., a scenic area,
recreational area, threatened species habitat, farmland, fish run). Mapping and assessment
should recognize not only these resources but also additional areas needed for their
sustenance.
Project plan designs should conserve natural areas to the extent possible, maximize natural
water storage and infiltration opportunities, and protect slopes and channels.
Conserve Natural Areas during Landscape Planning
If applicable, the following items are required and must be implemented in the site layout
during the subdivision design and approval process, consistent with applicable General Plan and
Local Area Plan policies:
• Cluster development on least-sensitive portions of a site while leaving the remaining land in
a natural undisturbed condition .
• Limit clearing and grading of native vegetation at a site to the minimum amount needed to
build lots, allow access, and provide fire protection.
• Maximize trees and other vegetation at each site by planting additional vegetation, clustering
tree areas, and promoting the use of native and/or drought tolerant plants.
• Promote natural vegetation by using parking lot islands and other landscaped areas .
• Preserve riparian areas and wetlands.
Maximize Natural Water Storage and Infiltration Opportunities Within the Landscape Unit
• Promote the conservation of forest cover. Building on land that is already deforested affects
basin hydrology to a lesser extent than converting forested land. Loss of forest cover reduces
interception storage, detention in the organic forest floor layer, and water losses by
evapotranspiration, resulting in large peak runoff increases and either their negative effects
or the expense of countering them with structural solutions.
• Maintain natural storage reservoirs and 4rainage corridors, including depressions, areas of
permeable soils, swales, and intermittent streams. Develop and implement policies and
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regulations to discourage the clearing, filling, and channelization of these features. Utilize
them in drainage networks in preference to pipes, culverts, and engineered ditches.
• Evaluating infiltration opportunities by referring to the storm water management manual for
the jurisdiction and pay particular attention to the selection criteria for avoiding
groundwater contamination, poor soils, and hydrogeological conditions that cause these
facilities to fail. If necessary, locate developments with large amounts of impervious
surfaces or a potential to produce relatively contaminated runoff away' from groundwater
recharge areas.
Protection of Slopes and Channels during Landscape Design
• Convey runoff safely from the tops of slopes.
• Avoid disturbing steep or unstable slopes .
• Avoid disturbing natural channels .
• Stabilize disturbed slopes as quickly as possible.
• Vegetate slopes with native or drought tolerant vegetation.
• Control and treat flows in landscaping and/or other controls prior to reaching existing
natural drainage systems.
• Stabilize temporary and permanent channel crossings as quickly as possible, and ensure that
increases in run-off velocity and frequency caused by the project do not erode the channel.
• Install energy dissipaters, such as rip rap, at the outlets of new storm drains, culverts,
conduits, or channels that enter unlined channels in accordance with applicable
specifications to minimize erosion. Energy dissipaters shall be installed in such a way as to
minimize impacts to receiving waters.
• Line on-site conveyance channels where appropriate, to reduce erosion caused by increased
flow velocity due to increases in tributary impervious area. The first choice for linings
should be grass or some other vegetative surface, since these materials not only reduce
runoff velocities, but also provide water quality benefits from filtration and infiltration. If
velocities in the channel are high enough to erode grass or other vegetative linings, riprap,
concrete, soil cement, or geo-grid stabilization are other alternatives.
• Consider other design principles that are comparable and equally effective.
Redeveloping Existing Installations
V arlous jurisdictional storm water management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.)
define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross
floor area and/ or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or
impervious surfaces. The definition of" redevelopment" must be consulted to determine
whether or not the requirements for new dev~lopment apply to areas intended for
redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations"
above should be followed.
Januaiy 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
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Redevelopment may present significant opportunity to add features which had not previously
been implemented. Examples include incorporation of depressions, areas of permeable soils,
and swales in newly redeveloped areas. While some site constraints may exist due to the status
of already existing infrastructure, opportunities should not be missed to maximize infiltration,
slow runoff, reduce impervious areas, disconnect directly connected impervious areas .
Other Resources
A Manual for the Standard Urban Storm water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County
Department of Public Works, May 2002 .
Storm water Management Manual for Western Washington, Washington State Department of
Ecology, August 2001 .
Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of
San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002. ·
Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood
Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003.
Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Storm water Quality Control Measures,
July2002.
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Design Objectives
./ Maximize Infiltration
./ Provide Retention
../ Slow Runoff
Minimize Impervious Land
Coverage
Prohibit Dumping of Improper
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SD-12 Efficient Irrigation
111 Design timing and application methods of irrigation water to minimize the runoff of excess
irrigation water into the storm water drainage system.
I& Group plants with similar water requirements in order to reduce excess irrigation runoff and
promote surface filtration. Choose plants with low irrigation requirements (for example,
native or drought tolerant species). Consider design features such as:
Using mulches (such as wood chips or bar) in planter areas without ground cover to
minimize sediment in runoff
Installing appropriate plant materials for the location, in accordance with amount of
sunlight and climate, and use native plant materials where possible and/or as
recommended by the landscape architect
Leaving a vegetative barrier along the property boundary and interior watercourses, to
act as a pollutant filter, where appropriate and feasible
Choosing plants that minimize or eliminate the use of fertilizer or pesticides to sustain
growth
• Employ other comparable, equally effective methods to reduce irrigation water runoff.
Redeveloping Existing Installations
Various jurisdictional storm water management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.)
define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross
floor area and/ or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or
impervious surfaces. The definition of" redevelopment" must be consulted to determine
whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for
redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations"
above should be followed.
Other Resources
A Manual for the Standard Urban Storm water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County
Department of Public Works, May 2002.
Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of
San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002~ ·
Model Water Quality Management Plan CWQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood
Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003 •
Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Storm water Quality Control Measures,
July 2002 •
2 of 2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
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Storm Drain Signage
Description
SD-13
Design Objectives
Maximize Infiltration
Provide Retention
Slow Runoff
Minimize Impervious Land
Coverage
,f Prohibit Dumping of Improper
Materials
Contain Pollutants
Collect and Convey
Waste materials dumped into storm drain inlets can have severe impacts on receiving and
ground waters. Posting notices regarding discharge prohibitions at storm drain inlets can
prevent waste dumping. Storm drain signs and stencils are highly visible source controls that
are typically placed directly adjacent to storm drain inlets.
Approach
The stencil or affixed sign contains a brief statement that prohibits dumping of improper
materials into the urban runoff conveyance system. Storm drain messages have become a
popular method of alerting the public about the effects of and the prohibitions against waste
disposal.
Suitable Applications
Stencils and signs alert the public to the destination of pollutants discharged to the storm drain.
Signs are appropriate in residential, commercial, and industrial areas, as well as any other area
where contributions or dumping to storm drains is likely.
Design Considerations
Storm drain message-markers or placards are recommended at all storm drain inlets within the
boundary of a development project. The marker should be placed in clear sight facing toward
anyone approaching the inlet from either side. All storm drain inlet locations should be
identified on the development site map .
Designing New Installations
The following methods should be considered for inclusion in the project design and show on
project plans:
• Provide stenciling or labeling of all storm drain inlets and catch
basins, constructed or modified, within the project area with
prohibitive language. Examples include "NO DUMPING-
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
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DRAINS TO OCEAN" and/or other graphical icons to discourage illegal dumping .
a Post signs with prohibitive language and/ or graphical icons, which prohibit illegal dumping
at public access points along channels and creeks within the project area .
Note-Some local agencies have approved specific signage and/or storm drain message placards
for use. Consult local agency storm water staff to determine specific requirements for placard
types and methods of application.
Redeveloping Existing Installations
Various jurisdictional storm water management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.)
define "redevelopment" in terms of amo-unts of additional impervious area, increases in gross
floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or
impervious surfaces. If the project meets the definition of "redevelopment", then the
requirements stated under " designing new installations" above should be included in all project
design plans .
Additional Information
Maintenance Considerations
• Legibility of markers and signs should be maintained. If required by the agency with
jurisdiction over the project, the owner/ operator or homeowner's association should enter
into a maintenance agreement with the agency or record a deed restriction upon the
property title to maintain the legibility of placards or signs .
Placement
• Signage on top of curbs tends to weather and fade .
• Signage on face of curbs tends to be worn by contact with vehicle tires and sweeper brooms .
Supplemental Information
Examples
• Most MS4 programs have storm drain signage programs. Some MS4 programs will provide
stencils, or arrange for volunteers to stencil storm drains as part of their outreach program.
Other Resources
A Manual for the Standard Urban Storm water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County
Department of Public Works, May 2002.
Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego Countyt Port of
San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002 .
Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood
Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003 •
Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures,
July 2002 •
2 of 2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
January 2003
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Trash Storage Areas
Description
Trash storage areas are areas where a trash receptacle (s) are
located for use as a repository for solid wastes. Stormwater
runoff from areas where trash is stored or disposed of can be
polluted. In addition, loose trash and debris can be easily
transported by water or wind into nearby storm drain inlets,
channels, and/ or creeks. Waste handling operations that may be
sources of stormwater pollution include dumpsters, litter control,
and waste piles .
Approach
This fact sheet con,tains details on the specific measures required
to prevent or reduce pollutants in stortnwater runoff associated
with trash storage and handling. Preventative measures
including enclosures, containment structures, and impervious
pavements to mitigate spills, should be used to reduce the
likelihood of contamination.
Suitable Applications
SD-32
Design Objectives
Maximize Infiltration
Provide Retention
Slow Runoff
Minimize Impervious land
Coverage
Prohibit Dumping of Improper
Materials
./ Contain Pollutants
Collect and Convey
Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for
development or redevelopment. (Detached residential single-family homes are typically
excluded from this requirement.)
Design Considerations
Design requirements for waste handling areas are governed by Building and Fire Codes, and by
current local agency ordinances and zoning requirements. The design criteria described in this
fact sheet are meant to enhance and be consistent with these code and ordinance requirements.
Hazardous waste should be handled in accordance with legal requirements established in Title
22, California Code of Regulation .
Wastes from commercial and industrial sites are typically hauled by either public or commercial
carriers that may have design or access requirements for waste storage areas. The design
criteria in this fact sheet are recommendations and are not intended to be in conflict with
requirements established by the waste hauler. The waste hauler should be contacted prior to the
design-of your sitetrash collection areas. <?<Jnflicts or issues should be discussed with the local
agency. · ·
Designing New Installations
Trash storage areas should be designed to consider the following structural or treatment control
BMPs:
• Design trash container areas so that drainage from adjoining roofs and pavement is diverted
around the area(s) to avoid run-on. This might include berming
or grading the waste handling area to prevent run-on of
storm water .
a Make sure trash container areas are screened or walled to
prevent off-site transport of trash.
January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
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• Use lined bins or dumpsters to reduce leaking ofliquid waste.
111 Provide roofs, awnings, or attached lids on all trash containers to minimize direct
precipitation and prevent rainfall from entering containers .
11 Pave trash storage areas with an impervious surface to mitigate spills .
11 Do not locate storm drains in immediate vicinity of the trash storage area.
• Post signs on all dumpsters informing users that hazardous materials are not to be disposed
of therein.
Redeveloping Existing Installations
Various jurisdictional storm water management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.)
define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross
floor area and/ or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or
impervious surfaces. The definition of" redevelopment" must be consulted to determine
whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for
redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations"
above should be followed .
Additional Information
Maintenance Considerations
The integrity of structural elements that are subject to damage (i.e., screens, covers, and signs)
must be maintained by the owner I operator. Maintenance agreements between the local agency
and the owner/ operator may be required. Some_agencies will require maintenance deed
restrictions to be recorded of the property title. If required by the local agency, maintenance
agreements or deed restrictions must be executed by the owner/operator before improvement
plans are approved .
Other Resources
A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County
Department of Public Works, May 2002 .
Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of
San Diego, and Cities in-San-Diego·County, February 14, 2002.
Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood
Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003 .
Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures,
July 2002 •
2 of 2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook
New Development and Redevelopment
www.cabmphandbooks.com
January 2003