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HomeMy WebLinkAbout3622; FARADAY ROAD EXTENSION; CONCEPT WATER QUALITY PLAN; 2004-06-01I 0 I .... I. 0 I CONCEPT WATER QUALITY PLAN I For CARLSBAD OAKS NORTH BUSINESS PARK, C.T. 97-13 I : June 2004 I 0 I Prepared For: TECHBILT CONSTRUCTION CO. 3575 Kenyon St. San Diego, CA 921101 . .•. .. I . 0 Prepared by . . . . O'DAY CONSULTANTS . 5900 Pasteur Ct., Suite 100 0 I 0 0 Carlsbad, CA 92008 . . And 0 0 MERKEL & ASSOCIATES 5434 Ruffin Road 0 0 San Diego, CA 92123 0 0 I 0 I ..,. ... 0 0 I' 1 I I TABLE OF CONTENTS Section - Page 1.0 Introduction.... ...................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Project BMP Plan Implementation ............................. ......................... .................. 1 2.1 Construction BMP Options .......................... .......... ........................ ............ 1 2.2 Post Construction BMP Options ......... .................................................... 2 2.3 BMP Options for Future Development ...................................................3 2.4 Sizing Criteria ........... ................. .................................. ........................... 4 Pollutant Loads ......................5 1 2.5 2.6 Project Detention Basins...... ....... ...................................... . ........................ 6 ' 2.7 SWPPP Monitoring ...................................................................................6 3.0 Conclusion ..................................................................................... ....................... 7 FIGURES I 1 Water Quality and Drainage Control Plan 2 Drainage Exhibit for Post-Construction BMPs - - APPENDICES . I i Construction BMP's 2 Post-Construction Treatment Control BMP's - -- I .. . I I ,.. .. .. .: 961005 June 2004 Page 1 of Carlsbad Oaks North Business Park Storm Water Pollution Prevention 1.0 INTRODUCTION Federal, state and local agencies have established goals and objectives for storm water quality in the region. The proposed project, prior to the start of construction activities, will comply with all federal, state and local permits including the National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) from the Regional Water Quality Control Board and the erosion control requirements from the City of Carlsbad grading ordinance. Compliance with the NPDES will require the applicant to file a Notice of Intent (NOT) with the State Water Quality Control Board (SWQCB), apply Best Management Practices (BMP's) and develop a storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP). This proj ect will provide guidelines in developing and implementing best management practices (BMP's) for storm water quality. These include both source control BMP's and treatment control BMP's. Source control BMP's prevent contact between the storm water and the pollution source. Treatment control BMP's are those that treat the storm water to remove the pollutant: 2.0 PROJECT BMP PLAN IMPELMENTATION The proposed project can be 'broken don into four distinct phases: construction, post construction, future development and individual lots. Construction would be the period when the project is being mass graded and all improvements shown on the tentative map are being installed. Post construction would occur when all mass grading has been completed and improvements have been installed. These include mass graded lots, major storm drain system, temporary desilting basins on each lot, all slopes have been landscaped and irrigated and three permanent storm water quality basins have been installed. Future development occurs when the mass graded lots are precisely graded, developed and improved for a specific use. These would include, but are not limited to, buildings, parking lots, additional landscaping and treatment control NPDES facility on each lot. The last phase would be for the individual lots to maintain, update and revise their SWPPP. ' A comprehensive graphic of the post-construction period BMPs for all phases of work are illustrated in the attached drainage exhibit. 2.1 Phase 1. Construction The greatest potential for short-term. water quality impacts to the drainage basin would be expected during and immediately following the grading and construction phases of the 96005 June 2004 Page 2 of 7 project when cleared and graded areas are exposed to rain and storm water runoff. I Improperly controlled runoff could result in slop and pad erosion and sediment transportation into the temporary BMP basins. During construction, the objectives for implementing BMP's as described in the "California Storm Water Best Management I Practice Handbook", are for the following: practice good housekeeping, contain waste, minimize disturbed areas, stabilize disturbed areas, protect slopes and channels, control site perimeter and control internal erosion. To mitigate storm water pollution, mostly sediment, during construction, both BMP's for contractor activities and BMP's for erosion and sedimentation shall be used. BMP's for contractor activities include the following: Managing dewatering and paving operations and structure construction and painting. Management of material delivery, use and storage. Spill prevention and control. Waste management for solid, hazardous and sanitary waste, contaminated soil, concrete. Vehicle and equipment cleaning, fueling and maintenance. Contractor, employee and subcontractor training. BMP's for erosion and sedimentation control include the followiun: Vegetative stabilization such as hydroseeding or mulching. Physical stabilization such as dust control, geotextiles and mats, construction road stabilization and stabilized construction entrance. Diversion of run-off using earth dikes, temporary swales and drains. Velocity reduction using outlet control, check dams and slope roughening. Sediment trapping using silt fence, gravel bag barrier, inlet protection, sediment traps and basins. A draft storm water pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) has been prepared and submitted to the Regional Water Quality Control Board. This document shall be reviewed and approved by the City of Carlsbad prior to issuance of a grading permit. The approved SWPPP shall be implemented during the construction phase. The SWPPP will consist of the selected BMP's, guidelines and activities to carry out actions that will prevent the pollution of storm water runoff. The SWPPP will also include the monitoring and maintenance of the construction BMP's during the construction phase. 2.2 Phase 2. Post ConstructionlPre-Development Of the three phases the post construction phase should generate the least amount of urban pollutants. This is due to the proposed landscaping of slopes within the development site, incorporation of final BMPs for circulation elements, and implementation of temporary desiltation basins within graded pads. The low percentage of impervious surfaces during this period and the high amount of interim BMP measures suggest that the interim undeveloped pad conditions may generate the least extent of pollutant discharge to waters of all phases. 961005 I June 2004 Page 3 of 7 I , The pollutants most likely to be generated during this phase will be hydrocarbons, heavy metals, fertilizers, waste, trash and oil and grease from roadways and right-of-way landscaping as well as sediment -from graded, but undeveloped pads. The post I construction phase begins when grading has been completed, slopes have been landscaped and irrigated, the storm drain system, temporary desilting basins and the permanent water quality basins have been installed. During this phase a combination of I the following source and treatment control BMP's shall be implemented. Source Control BMP's 1 Street/Storm Drain Maintenance Non-storm water discharge to drains Waste handling and disposal I Landscaping and grounds maintenance: Over watering control activities S Employee training - Treatment Control BMP's I : Storm drain outlet controls Temporary desilting basins on each lot (to be replaced with a permanent NPDES facility when the lot is developed) Permanent water quality basins I Monitoring and maintenance of temporary desiltation basins Temporary desilting basins proposed on each lot are to be inspected twice annually preceding and during the rainy season. Maintenance of basins and pre-basin erosion will be undertaken if necessary to ensure low sediment yield from the site. Basin ' maintenance may include outlet clearing, trash and sediment removal, or augmentation of drainage filtering media (gravel, fiber roles, etc.). Any identified erosion rilling will be repaired to maximize infiltration and less erosive sheet runoff from pads to basins. S Reports on monitoring and pad maintenance will be submitted by the site developer to the City of Carlsbad and the Regional Water Quality Control Board on an annual basis following the rainy season. This phase will continue until all individual lots within the project have been developed. As each lot is developed, the temporary desilting basins will be replaced with permanent BMP measures that will be appropriate for the specific use of each lot. The temporary and permanent water quality basins shall be sized in accordance with the volume/flow based criteria per the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Diego Region Order No. 2001-01. 2.3 Phase 3. Future Development - - - When each individual lot is developed, it shall provide both source control and treatment control BMP's as described in the "California Storm Water Management Practice - I . . 961005 I : June 2004 Page 4 of 7 Handbook" for industrial and commercial projects. Each development shall use source I control BMP's and one or more of the following treatment control BMP's: Source Control BMP's , I Non-storm water discharges . Vehicle and equipment fueling, cleaning and maintenance Material management and storage I . Outdoor storage of materials and by-products Waste handling and disposal I :Building and grounds maintenance Building repair, remodeling and construction, Over-water activities I Employee training Treatment Control BMP's . 1 Infiltration. . . . Wet ponds Constructed wetlands : I .Biofilters Extended detention basins Media filtration I Multiple Oil/water separators and water quality inlets systems Since a PIP permit is required for each development, the specific BMP's for each• I development will be determiriedprior to discretionary approval. As required prior to issuance of a permit, a storm water pollution prevention plan will also be prepared and implemented for each lot. The SWPPP consist of guidelines and activities to select and I . carry out actions that prevent the pollution of storm water discharge. In addition to the selected BMP's for each lot, the permanent water quality basins, located downstream, will serve as additional treatment and a failsafe BMP in removing pollutants from storm I water runoff prior to discharge into the existing natural drainage course. At a minimum, all treatment control BMP's should be inspected and maintained annually I as described in the Best Management Handbooks and the approved SWPPP. 2.4 Sizing Criteria . ., The sizing of the treatment control BMP's shall comply with the volume/flow based criteria per the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Diego Region Order No. 2001-01. As required by the RWQCB and the City of Carlsbad, the project, depending on the type of BMP, will use one or both of the following numeric sizing criteria: . . 1 Volume based BMP is volume of runoff produced from a 0.6' storm event. Flow based BMP is volume of runoff produced from rainfall of 0.2 in./hr. I I I 961005 June 2004 Page 5of7 For a typical 1 acre development, the minimum size for a structural BMP would be: Area: lacre Storm event: r 0.675" Direct runoff: 0.135" Min. volume: (43,560 sf)(0.135")/(12"/ft) = 490 cf The minimum volume is for storage and does not include freeboard, maintenance area, inlet/outlet control, access etc. 2 5 Pollutant Loads The following pollutant loads are based on a commercial/office/industrial development with 70 to 90% imperviousness (California Storm Water Best Management Practice Handbook, Municipal). See attachernent. Description mg/L Oxygen Demand and Sediment: BOD 9.7 COD 61.0 TSS 91.0 TDS 100.0 Nutrients: TP .. 0.24 SP 0.10 TKN 128 NO2/NO3 0.63 Heavy Metals: Pb 0.13 Cu 0.04. - .. Ln Cd 0.002 Total 264 ..5 mg/L Based on the following formulas, the pollutant load for a typical 1 acre development would be: . R(l) = [Cp ± (Ci-Cp)IMPl] * J -. Where: R(1) is total average annual surface runoff in in./yr. And Cp=015 Ci = 0.90 IMP(l)=0.80 - I = 9.86 in. say 10 in. -. - R(l)=7 5 in/yr. I 961005 June 2004 - Page6of7 I M(l) = EMC(1)*R(l)*K*A • Where: M(l) is loading factor in lbs./yr. And EMC(1) = 264 5mg/i I R(1)=7.5 in/yr K=0.2266 . .. - I A=l acre M(1) = 490 lbs /yr (Note: An annual runoff of 7.5in./yr. generates 1,700,000 lbs/yr. of storm water from a 1 I acre site) The following lists the most effective and the next effective treatment control BMP for I each pollutant category Most effective Adequate I Description. V BMP . BMP wet ponds Oxygen Demand and Sediment infiltration ', constructed wetlands biofilters V extended ponds I V media filtration oil/water sep I . multiple systems Nutrients . constructed wetlands infiltration wet ponds bio filters extended ponds I media filtration oil/water sep multiple systems I Heavy Metals infiltration wet ponds constructed wetlands bio filters extended ponds I media filtration - V oil/water sep. multiple systems I Oil and Grease: infiltration wet ponds - - constructed wetlands - . bio filters V oil/water sep extended ponds I media filtration multiple systems I 2.6 Detention As part of the project, a detention basin isproposed at the-Faraday Avenue crossing of - the existing drainage channel. The detention basin is one of four basins along the south I I 961005 - . June 2004 Page 7 of 7 tributary of the South Agua Hedionda Lagoon proposed by the City of Carlsbad. Since I the storm drain outlets for this project are located upstream of this crossing/detention basin, the basin will ensure that there is no significant impact to downstream properties to increase runoff. . I due 2.7. Phase 4. Individual Lot SWPPP - I All individual lots shall maintain, update and revise their individual SWPPP as required by the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Diego Region Order No. . .. I 2001-01. 3.0 CONCLUSION . . I This "preliminary" water quality report has been prepared to define potential Best Management Plan (.BMP) options, or schemes, that satisfy the requirements identified in I . the following documents: ID Carlsbad Municipal Code Stormwater Management and Discharge Control Ordinance. 2) Standard Specifications for Public Works Construction. 3) NPDES General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Construction Activity issued by the State Water Resources Control Board, and 4) San Diego NPDES I Municipal Storm Water Permit (Order Number 2001-01). Specifically, this report includes the following 1) Preliminary BMP options for the I . I I I I Project, and 2) BMP device information for the concept Project options. : I I I I 1 ,. . -. ____ OPEN SPACE 00 40 0 o -- ,I At ® \'-j-. 2' ('g Yt aje ( /00 \Q '1 I'- "'—i----+------rs4'J ,LJL ®HS - ---- YIIff,,' ® I L _••..J_____L__1 \\ 1 0 00 -' )j ----- g K . D9 sqo 00 icc m FLOV -C2 \ \ 138 110 0 flO j Y I - 8AS1N 7 YA I N OPEN SPACE /00 >1? iocc- I - - - \•__ - OPEN SPA CE •4•S4% \\ I LEGEND: '• TEMPORARY DESILTING BASIN FUTURE N..P 0 E S FACILITY NO SCALE JN 961005 CARLSBAD OAKS NORTH BUSINESS PARK N.PD.E.S EXHIBIT ©2001 O'Day Consultants, Inc. 0 CONSULT AJlVK1TS sgoo Pasteur Court Civil (nginr1n9 Suite 100 • Planning Carlsbad. California 92008 Processing 619-931-7700 Surveying Fax:619-931-8680 www.odoyconsultgnts.com -• Cx\DS96IDO5\JT\LADWIG\C1O4ss\jXLDVG 4-26-Q2 5O5 x 1, CITY OF CARLSBAD 12 OPEN SPACE 442 t 440 SCALE: 1" = 200' 1 :,- 7 -2 2) )r(llirn1LLw/ (7) • i ,j' / / VZI 000 _ Al _ 437 FAI /1 -( - fig \ — . : -- ---- 14 12V4' XMIff I f 11NORCROSSING 151 - H - - c_ \— ri \\\\ I - ?T2c Y~Z 1 -S. 8'D/A. HfLDL/T C IINDERCROSSING 4, 9-~ 3-- ~, M11 /, JIE SPA OPN CE - - - — — — — — — — — — — 4-16-2004 I JN 961005 SHEET 1 OF 1 DRA INA GE EXHIBIT rARTSEAD OAKS NORTH 0 CONSULT NFNTS 2710 Loker Avenue West Civil Engineering Suite 100 Planning Carlsbo& California 92008 Processing 760-931-7700 Surveying Fax:760-931-8680 www.odcyconsultonts.com OPEN SPA GE-. — — — - — — - - - - — - - \ f I Nb h \ - " \\ I CffYOPT8TA — — c\ \ I - LEGEND: - \ - LNDS & /R4llV . • ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . ' '._ Pt1 f.4A7sTBAl.,o. BASiN, •ul ,, ....... ,,,,..I,,,,,., , \Nç S MWORARY AML M 770V I ••••••,,,,•,,•••,,•,,•,,•,,•••,••,,, , 0 ' mREN.P.D.ES FAWS,.,.I,.IU,,,I...U.S..,IUI.,,.,.II,IS,,III• \ 7S77NQ DVIIQY AREA, ..................................... ,..... \ \ Ifat$$sell - / I a/RB INLEr M.P. •I,sIIss.s...n..,,I.II,.,,s.,.,...,,,.,.. I PROPOSM .s'irc'AI D.'A1/, •......,...,. ,•••,, •.. 11.111uhII III — — — -- — BUSINESS PCX ARK 02004 O'Day Consultants, Inc. r \OIUU \XflIUILS \UIUI Xrefs: 96051M; TPA-10FT; TPB-1OFT, 9605SCE2; pas—use—areas F! APPENDIX 1.. 1 : Construction BMP's ii I [I F! I I I. [I I F. 4 u j 1 \\C)DAYPDC\;i(Jii)in\(VISOFI:ICE\WINWORI)\971()S7\BNIP doc 0 This chapter • describes specific Best Management Practices (BMPs) )1 common construction activities that may ollute storm water. Chapter 2 led you through:. ie steps of identifying activities at your site iat can pollute storm water; while Chapter 3 rovided guidance on BMP selection. This hapter will provide a list of BMPs that can be sed to fit your site's needs. MP fact sheets are provided for each of the ontractor's activities, noted in the box, are :- onsistent with Worksheet 4 in Chapter 2 ach fact sheet contains a cover sheet with:,, -- A description of the BMP Approach Requirements - Costs, including capital costs, and,, operation and maintenance (O&M) costs - Maintenance (including . administrative and staffing) Limitations References [lie side bar presônts information on which 3MP objective applies, targeted constituents, Lnd an indication of the level of effort and costs-' o implement. For some BMPs, further - nforination is provided in additional sheets. onstructjon Handbook These BMP fact sheets are suitable for inclusion in many storm water pollution prevention plans for typical contractor activities. The BMPs' listed are not an exhaustive list, nor will every BMP be appropriate for every situation. Therefore, suggested BMPs which are inappropriate may be deleted and additional BMPs for specific site conditions should be added. In addition,-your selection and implementation of BMPs should be reviewed on a regular basis to match the changing conditions at construction sites. . 4 -1 . , March, 1993 iI : F:Uj U. UN UN U. .• U. TABLE 4.1 CONTRACTOR ACTIVITIES AND BMP OBJECTIVES - BMP CATEGORY BMP OBJECTIVES PRACTICE GOOD HOUSE- KEEPING CONTAIN WASTE MINIMIZE DISTURBED AREA STABILIZE DISTURBED AREA PROTECT SLOPES AND CHANNELS CONTROL SITE PERIMETER CONTROL INTERNAL EROSION Construction Practices CA01 Dewatering Operations / 1' CA02 Paving Operations / S CA03 Structure Construction and Painting / Material Management CAIO Material Delivery and Storage / CAll Material Use CA12 Spill Prevention and Control Waste Management CA20 Solid Waste Management CA21 Hazardous Waste Management CA22 Contaminated Soil Management / / / CA23 Concrete Waste Management CA24 Sanitary/Septic Waste Management Vehicle and Equipment Management - CA30 Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning / CA31 Vehicle andEquipment Fueling / - CA32 - Vehicle and Equipment / Maintenance Contractor Training CA40 Employee/Subcontractor Training / I / I I I I ACTIVITY: DEWATERING OPERAI1ONS Objectives Contain Waste Minimize Disturbed Areas ____l Wat&TS) Stabilize Disturbed Areas Curb Inirt (for sediment-Laden Control S ite andramn &tonn DESCRIPTION Targeted Pollutants Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from dewatering operations • Sediment by using sediment controls and by testing the groundwater for pollution. Nutrients APPROACH Toxic Materials There are two general classes of pollutants that may result from dewatering operations; 0 Oil & Grease sediment, and toxics and petroleum products. A high sediment content in dewatering 0 Floatable Materials discharges is common because of the nature of the operation. On the other band. toxics and petroleum products are not commonly found in dewatering discharges rn1ess, the site 0 Other Construction or surrounding area has been used for light or heavy industrial activities, or the area has a Waste history of groundwater contamination. The following steps will help reduce storm water Uk6Iy to Have pollution from dewatering discharges: I Significant Impact Sediment I 0 Probable Low or Use sediment controls to remove sediment from water generated by dewatering (See Unknown Impact Implementation Sediment Trap (ESC 55) and Sediment Basin (ESC 56) in Chapter 5). Use filtration to remove sediment from a sediment trap or basin. Filtration can be Requirements achieved with: Q - Sump pit and a perforated or slit standpipe with holes and wrapped in filter Capital Costs fabric. The standpipe is surrounded by stones which filters the water as it Q O&M Costs collects in the pit before being pumped out.Wrapping the standpipe in filter Q Maintenance fabric may require an increased suction inlet area to avoid clogging and unac- Training ceptable pump operation. - Floating suction hose to allow cleaner surface water to be pumped out. 0 Suitabilit', for Slopes >5% Toxics and Petroleum Products In areas suspected of having groundwater pollution, sample the groundwater near the excavation site and have the water tested for known or suspected pollutants at a certified laboratory. Check with the Regional Water Quality Control Board and the local wastewater treatment plant for their requirements for dewatering, additional High 0 Low water quality tests, and disposal options. With a permit from the Regional Water Quality Control Board, you may be able to recycleureuse pumped groundwater for landscape irrigation, or discharge to the storm sewer. With a permit from the local agency, you may be able to treat pumped groundwater and discharge it to the municipal wastewater treatment plant via the sanitary sewer. For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. Best Managemen Practices Construction Handbook 4 - 3 March, 1993 FCONTRACTOR ACTIVITY: DEWATERING OPERATIONS (Continue) ENTS Costs (Capital, O&M) - Sediment controls are low cost measures. - Treatment and/or discharge of polluted groundwater can be quite expensive. Maintenance - - Maintain sediment controls and filters ,in good woiting order. (See Chapter 5 for details) - Inspect excavated areas daily for signs of contaminated waxer as evidenced by discoloration, oily sheen, or odors. LIMITATIONS The presence of contaminated water may indicate contaminated soil as well. See CA22 (Contaminated Soil Man- agement) in this chapter for more information REFERENCES Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992. Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. CAI _ Construction Handbook 4 - 4 March, 1993 II 1 ACTIVITY: PAVING OPERATIONS Objectives cekeepingPra Graphic? North Central Texas COG. 1993 Contain Waste Minimize Disturbed Areas Stabilize Disturbed Areas Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter Control Internal Erosion DESCRIPTION Targeted Pollutants Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants from paving operations, using measures to Sediment prevent runon and runoff pollution, properly disposing of wastes, and training employees and subcontractors. 0 Nutrients Toxic Materials APPROACH Avoid paving during wet weather. Oil & Grease Store materials away from drainage courses to prevent storm water runon (see CAIO 0 Floatable Materials Material Delivery and Storage). 0 Other Construction Protect drainage courses, particularly in areas with a grade, by employing BMPs to Waste divert runoff or trap/filter sediment (see Chapter 5). Leaks and spills from paving equipment can contain toxic levels of heavy metals and Likely to Have oil and grease. Place drip pans or absorbent materials under paving equipment when Significant Impact not in use. Clean up spills with absorbent materials rather than burying. See CA32 0 Probable Low or (Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance) and CA12 (Spill Prevention and Control) in Unknown Impact this chapter. Cover catch basins and manholes when applying seal coat, tack coat, slurry seal, fog Implementation seal, etc. Requirements Shovel or vacuum saw-cut slurry and remove from site. Cover or barricade storm 0 Capital Costs drains during saw cutting to contain slurry. 0 O&M Costs If paving involves portland cement concrete, see CA23 (Concrete Waste Manage- ment) in this chapter. Q Maintenance If paving involves asphaltic concrete, follow these steps: Training - Do not allow sand or gravel placed over new asphalt to wash into Storm drains, Q Suitability for streets, or creeks by sweeping. Properly dispose of this waste by referring to Slopes >5% CA20 (Solid Waste Management) in this chapter. - Old asphalt must be disposed of properly. Collect and remove all broken asphalt from the site and recycle whenever possible. - If paving involves on-site mixing plant, follow the storm water permitting requirements for industrial activities. Train employees and subcontractors. High 0 Low REQUIREMENTS Costs (Capital, O&M) - All of the above axe low cost measures. Maintenance - Inspect employees and subcontractors to ensure that measures are being followed. - Keep ample supplies of drip pans or absorbent materials On-Site. Best LIMITATIONS Managemén There are no major limitations to this best management practice. Practices Construction Handbook 4.5 March, 1993 CONTRACTOR ACTIVITY: PAVING OPERATIONS (Continue) REFERENCES Blueprint for aClean Bay-Constriction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Waler Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992. Hot-mix Asphalt Paving Handbook, US, Army Corps of Engineers AC 150/5370714 Appendix 1, July 1991 CA2 onstruction Handbook 4 - 6 March, 1993 ACTIVITY: STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION AND PAINTING DESCRIPTION Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from structure construction and painting by enclosing or covering or benning building material storage areas, using good housekeeping practices, using safer alternative products, and training employees and subcontractors. APPROACH Keep the work site clean and orderly. Remove debris in a timely fashion. Sweep the area. Use soil erosion control techniques if bare ground is exposed (See Chapter 5). Buy recycled or less hazardous products to the maximum extent practicable. Conduct painting operations consistent with local air quality and OSHA regulations. Properly store paints and solvents. See CAIO (Material Delivery and Storage) in this chapter. Properly store and dispose waste materials generated from the activity. See the waste management BMPs (CA20 to CA24) in this chapter. Recycle residual paints, solvents, lumber, and other materials to the maximum extent practicable. Make sum that nearby storm drains are well marked to minimize the chance of inadvertent disposal of residual paints and other liquids. Clean the storm drain system in the immediate construction area after construction is completed. Educate employees who are doing the work. Inform subcontractors of company policy on these matters and include appropriate provisions in their contract to make certain proper housekeeping and disposal practices are implemented. For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. REQUIREMENTS Costs (Capital, O&M) - These BMPs are generally of low to moderate cost. Maintenance - Maintenance should be minimal. LIMiTATIONS Safer alternative products may not be available, suitable, or effective in every case. Hazardous waste that cannot be re-used or recycled must be disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste hauler. Objectives i ingPcces Contain Waste Minimize Disturbed Areas Iiituthas Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter Control Internal Erosion Targeted Pollutants o Sediment o Nutrients Q Toxic Materials o Oil & Grease • Floatable Materials • Other Construction Waste Likely to Have Significant Impact Probable Low or Unknown impact Implementation Requirements o Capital Costs o O&M Costs 0 Maintenance Training o Suitability for Slopes >5% High 0 Low 1 CA3 Bes tt Managemen Practices Construction Handbook 4 - 7 March, 1993 JI i I ACTIVITY: STRUCTURE coNsTRucrloN AND PAINTING (Continue) I Be certain that actions to help storm water quality are consistent with Cal- and Fed-OSHA and air quality regula- Lions. - Construction and painting activities can generate pollutants that can reach storm water if proper care is not taken. The sources of these contaminants may be solvents, paints, paint and varnish removers, finishing residues, spent thinners, soap cleaners, kerosene, asphalt and concrete materials, adhesive residues, and old asbestos insulation. For specific information on some of these wastes see the following BMPs in this chapter. CA20 Solid Waste, - CA21 Hazardous Waste, and CA23 Concrete Waste. More specific information on structure construction practices is listed below. Erosion and Sediment Control If the work involves exposing large areas of soil or if old buildings are being torn down and not replaced in the near future, employ the appropriate soil erosion and control techniques described in Chapter 5. StonnJSanitary Seyer Connections Carefully install all plumbing and drainage systems. Cross connections between the sanitary and storm drain systems, as well as any other connections into the drainage system from inside a building, are illegal. Color code or flag pipelines on the project site to prevent such connections, and train construction personnel. Painting Local air pollution regulations may, in many area of the state, specify painting procedures which if properly carried Out are usually sufficient to protect storm water quality. These regulations may require that painting operations be properly enclosed or covered to avoid drift. Use temporary scaffolding to hang drop clothsor draperies to prevent drift Applica-tion equipment that minimizes overspray also helps. When using sealants on wood, pavement, roofs, etc, quickly clean up spills. Remove excess liquid with absorbent material or rags. If painting requires scraping or sand blasting of the existing surface, use a drop cloth to collect most of the chips. Dispose the residue properly. If the paint contains lead or tributyl tin, it is considered a hazardous waste. Refer to the waste management BMPs in this chapter for more information. Mix paint indoors, in a containment area, or in a flat unpaved area not subject to significant erosion. Do so even during dry weather because cleanup of a spill will never be 100% effective. Dried paint will erode from sloped surfaces and be washed away by storms. If using water based paints, clean the application equipment in a sink that is connected to the sanitary sewer or in a containment area where the dried paint can be readily removed. Properly store leftover paints if they are to be kept for the next job, or dispose of properly. Roof work When working on roofs, if small particles have accumulated in the gutter, either sweep Out the gutter or wash the gutter and trap the particles at the outlet of the downspout. A sock or geofabric placed over the outlet may effectively trap the materials. If the downspout is lined tight, place a temporary plug at the first convenient point in the storm drain and pump Out the water with a vactor truck, and clean the catch basin sump where you placed the plug. REFERENCES Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992. F CA3 Construction Handbook 4 - 8 March, 1993 I 1 1 ACTIVITY: MATERIAL DELIVERY AND STORAGE Objectives Housekeeping Prac - - - -----.. Contain Waste Minimize Disturbed Areas Stabilize Disturbed Areas Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter I1/ Control Internal Erosion DESCRIPTION Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from material delivery and storage by minimizing the storage of hazardous materials on-site, storing materials in a designated area, installing secondary containment, conducting regular inspections, and training employees and subcontractors. This best management practice covers only material delivery and storage. For other information on materials, see CAI I (Material Use), or CA12 (Spill Prevention and Control). For information on wastes, see the waste management BMPs in this chapter. APPROACH The following materials are commonly stored on construction sites: Soil, Pesticides and herbicides, Fertilizers, Detergents, Plaster or other products,. Petroleum products such as fuel, oil, and grease, and Other hazardous chemicals such as acids, lime, glues, paints, solvents, and curing compounds. Storage of these materials on-siia can pose the following risks: Storm water pollution, Injury to workers or visitors, Groundwater pollution, and Soil contamination. Therefore, the following steps should be taken to minimize your risk Designate areas of the construction site for material delivery and storage. - Place near the construction entrances, away from waterways - Avoid transport near drainage paths or waterways - Surround with earth berms (see ESC30, Earth Dike.) - Place in an area which will be paved Storage of reactive, ignitable, or flammable liquids must comply with the Lire codes of your area. Contact the local Fire Marshal to review site materials, quantities, and proposed storage area to determine specific requirements. See the Flammable and Combustible Liquid Code, NFPA30. For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. Keep an accurate, up-to-date inventory of materials delivered and stored On-site. Keep your inventory down. Construction Handbook 4-9 Targeted Pollutants Q Sediment Nutrients Toxic Materials Q Oil & Grease Floatable Materials 0 Other Construction Waste Likely to Have Significant Impact Probable Law or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements o capital Costs o O&M Costs Q Maintenance Training o Suitability for Slopes 5% High 0 Low CA1O Best Managemen Practices March, 1993 I U ACTIVITY: MATERIAL DELIVERY AND STORAGE (Continue) Minimize hazardous materials on-site storage. Handle hazardous materials as infrequently as possible. During the rainy season, consider storing materials in a covered area. Store materials in secondary containments such as an earthen dike, horse trough, or even a children's wading pool for non-reactive materials such as detergents, oil, grease, and paints. Small amounts of material may be secondarily contained in bus boy" trays or concrete mixing trays. Do not store chemicals, drums, or bagged materials directly on the ground. Place these items on a pallet and, when possible, in secondary containment- If drums must be kept uncovered, store them at a slight angle to reduce ponding of rainwater on the, lids and to reduce corrosion. Try to keep chemicals in their original containers, and keep them well labeled. Train employees and subcontractors. Employees trained in emergency spill cleanup procedures should be present when dangerous materials or Liquid chemicals are unloaded. If significant residual materials remain on the ground after construction is complete, properly remove materials and any contaminated soil (See CA22). If the area is to be paved, pave as soon as materials are removed to stabilize the soil. REQUIRErvIENTS Cost (Capital, O&M) All of the above are low cost measures. Maintenance - Keep the designated storage area clean and well organized. - Conduct routine weekly inspections and check for external corrosion of material containers. - Keep an ample supply of spill cleanup materials near the storage area. LIMITATIONS Storage sheds often must meet building and fire code requirements. REFERENCES Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites; Flood Control District of Maricopa County, AZ. September 1991. Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practicesfor Storm Water Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992. Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program: Program Development and Approval Guidance, Working Group Working Paper, USEPA, April 1992. Storm Water Management for Construction Activities; Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. CAb Construction Handbook 4 - 10 March, 1993 (I I ACTIVITY: MATERIAL USE Graphic: North Central Texas COG, 1993 Objectives cjjpingPrncdces Contain Waste Minimize Disturbed Areas Stabilize Disturbed Areas Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter Control Internal Erosion I :I DESCRIPTION Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from material use by using alternative products, minimizing hazardous material use on-site, and training employees and subcontractors. APPROACH The following materials are commonly used on construction sites: Pesticides and herbicides, Fertilizers, Detergents, Plaster and other products, Petroleum products such as fuel, oil, and grease, and Other hazardous chemicals such as acids, lime, glues, paints, solvents, and curing compounds. Use of these materials on-site can pose the following risks: Storm water pollution, Injury to workers or visitors, Groundwater pollution, and Soil contamination. Therefore, the following steps should be taken to minimize your risk: Use less hazardous, alternative materials as much as possible. Minimize use of hazardous materials on-site. Use materials only where and when needed to complete the construction activity. Follow manufacturer's instructions regarding uses, protective equipment, ventilation, flammability, and mixing of chemicals. Personnel who use pesticides should be trained in their use. The California Depart- ment of Pesticide Regulation and county agricultural commissioners license pesticide dealers, certify pesticide applicators, and conduct on-site inspections. Do not over-apply fertilizets, herbicides, and pesticides. Prepare only the amount needed. Follow the recommended usage instructions. Over-application is expensive and environmentally harmful. Unless on steep slopes, till fertilizers into the soil rather than hydroseeding. Apply surface dressings in several smaller applications, as opposed to one large application, to allow time-for infiltration and to avoid excess material being carried off-site by runoff. Do not apply these chemicals just before it rams. Train employees and subcontractors in proper material use. 4-onstrucu0n Handbook 4-11 Targeted Pollutants o Sediment Q Nutrients Toxic Materials Q Oil & Grease Q Floatable Materials o Other Construction Waste Ukely to Have Significant Impact Probable Lower Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements o Capital Costs o O&M Costs - o Maintenance Q Training o Suitability for Slopes >5% High 0 Low 11 CAll Best \' Managerr Practices March, 1993 ACTIVITY: MATERIAL USE (Continue) REQUIREMENTS Costs (Capital, O&M) •• - All of the above are low cost measures. - Maintenance - Maintenance of this best management practice is minimal. LIMITATIONS • Alternative materials may not be available, suitable, or effective in every case. REFERENCES = Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992 Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program: Program Development and Approval Guidance, Working Group Working Paper USEPA, Apnl 1992 Storm Water Management for Construction Activities; Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices EPA 832-R-92005 USEPA April 1992 CAll B.st PractIce, Construction Handbook • 4-12 March, 1993 1 ACTIVITY: SPILL PREVENTIONAND CONTROL Objectives Contain Waste AN Minimize Disturbed Areas Stabilize Disturbed Areas Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter Control Internal Erosion DESCRIPTION Targeted Pollutants Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from leaks and spills by 0 Sediment reducing the chance for spills, stopping the source of spills, containing and cleaning up spills, properly disposing of spill materials, and training employees. 0 Nutrients Q Toxic Materials This best management practice covers only spill prevention and control However, CAI Oil & Grease (Material Delivery and Storage) and CAI (Material Use), also contain useful informa- tion, particularly on spill prevention. For information on wastes, see the waste manage- 0 Floatable Materials ment BMPs in this chapter. 0 Other Construction Waste APPROACH The following steps will help reduce the storm water impacts of leaks and spills: I • uii, to Have Define 'Siniiicant Spill" Significant Impact I Different materials pollute in different amounts. Make sure that each employee I 0 Probable Low or knows what a "significant spill' is for each material they use, and what is the appro- Unknown Impact priate response for "significant" and "insignificant" spills. Implementation General Measures Requirements Hazardous materials and wastes should be stored in covered containers and protected 0 Capital Costs from vandalism. Q O&M Costs Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible. 0 Maintenance Train employees in spill prevention and cleanup. Designate responsible individuals. Training Q Suitability for Cleann Slopes >5% Clean up leaks and spills immediately. On paved surfaces, clean up spills with as little water as possible. Use a rag for small spills, a damp mop for general cleanup, and absorbent material for larger spills. If the spilled material is hazardous, then the used cleanup materials are also hazardous and must be sent to either a certified laundry (rags) or disposed of as hazardous waste. High 0 Low 7 Never hose down or bury dry material spills. Clean up as much of the material as possible and dispose of properly. ,See the waste management BMPs in this chapter for CAl 2 specific information. Reporting Report significant spills to local agencies, such as the Fire Department; they can assist in cleanup. Federal regulations require that any significant oil spill into a water body or onto an Best . adjoining shoreline be reported to the National Response Center (NRC) at 800-424- Manaemeni 8802 (24 hour). Practices\.....i Construction Handbook 4-13 March, 1993 1 II I I 1J I I ACTIVITY: SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTROL (Continue) I Use the following measures related to specific activities: - Vehicle and Eouioment Maintenance If maintenance must occur on-site, use a designated area and/or a secondary containment, located away from drainage courses, to prevent the runon of storm water and the runoff of spills. Regularly inspect on-site vehicles and equipment for leaks, and repair immediately. Check incoming vehicles and equipment (including delivery trucks, and employee and subcontractor vehicles) for leaking oil and fluids. Do not allow leaking vehicles or equipment on-site. Always use secondary containment. such as a drain pan or drop cloth, to catch spills or leaks when removing or changing fluids. Place drip pans or absorbent materials under paving equipment when not in use. Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down or burying the spill. Remove the adsorbent materi- als promptly and dispose of properly. Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper waste or recycling drums. Don't leave full drip pans or other open containers lying around. - Oil filters disposed of in trash can or dumpsters can leak oil and pollute storm water. Place the oil filter in a funnel over a waste oil recycling drum to drain excess oil before disposal. Oil filters can also be recycled. Ask your oil supplier or recycler about recycling oil filters.. Store cracked batteries in a non-leaking secondary container. Do this with all cracked batteries, even if you think all the acid has drained out If you drop a battery, treat it as if it is cracked Put it into the containment area until you are sure it is not leaking. Vehicle and Equipment Fueling If fueling must occur on-site, use designated areas, located away from drainage courses, to prevent the runon of storm water and the runoff of spills. Discourage "topping-off' of fuel tanks. Always use secondary containment, such as a drain pan, when fueling to catch spills/leaks. REQUiREMENTS Costs (Capital, O&M) - Prevention of leaks and spills is inexpensive. Treatment and/or disposal of contaminated soil or water can be quite expensive Maintenance - Keep ample supplies of spill control and cleanup materials on site near storage unloading and maintenance areas. - Update your spill prevention and control plan and stock cleanup materials as changes occur in the types of chemicals on-site.: LIMiTATIONS If necessary, use a private spill cleanup company. REFERENCES Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program. 1992; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992. Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA April 1992 CA12 Construction Handbook 4 -14 March, 1993 1 Objectives ACTIVITY: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Housekeeping Practices Graphic: North Central Texas COG. 1993 (ijte Minimize Disturbed Areas Stabilize Disturbed Areas Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter Control Internal Erosion [I DESCRIPTION Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from solid or construction waste by providing designated waste collection areas and containers, arranging for regular disposal, and training employees and subcontractors. APPROACH Solid waste is one of the major pollutants resulting from construction. Construction debris includes: Solid waste generated from trees and shrubs removed during land clearing, demolition -of existing structures (rubble), and building construction; Packaging materials including wood, paper and plastic; Scrap or surplus building materials including scrap metals, rubber, plastic, glass pieces, and masonry products; and Domestic wastes including food containers such as beverage cans, coffee cups, paper bags, and plastic wrappers, and cigarettes. The following steps will help keep a clean site and reduce storm water pollution: Select designated waste collection areas on-site. Inform trash hauling contractors that you will accept only water-tight dumpsters for on-site use. Inspect dumpsters for leaks and repair any dumpster that is not water tight. Locate containers in a covered area and/or in a secondary containment. Provide an adequate number of containers with lids or covers that can be placed over the container to keep rain out or to prevent loss of wastes when it's windy. Plan for additional containers and more frequent pickup during the demolition phase of construction. Collect site trash daily, especially during rainy and windy conditions. Erosion and sediment control devices tend to collect litter. Remove this solid waste promptly. Make size that toxic liquid wastes (used oils, solvents, and paints) and chemicals (acids, pesticides, additives, curing compounds) are not disposed of in dumpsters designated for construction debris. Salvage or recycle any useful material. For example, trees and shrubs from land clearing can be used as a brush barrier (see ESC53), or converted into wood chips, then used as mulch on graded areas (see ESC11). Do not hose Out dumpsters on the construction site. Leave dumpster cleaning to trash hauling contractor. Arrange for regular waste collection before containers overflow. Targeted Pollutants Sediment o Nutrients o Toxic Materials o Oil & Grease • Floatable Materials • Other Construction Waste Likely to Have Significant Impact Probable Low or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements 0 Capital Costs o O&M Costs Q Maintenance Q Training o Suitability for Slopes >5% High 0 Low CA2O Best Management Practices Construction Handbook 4 -15 March, 1993 I ACTIVITY: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (Continue) If a container does spill, clean up immediately. Make sure that construction waste is collected, removed, and disposed of only at authorized disposal areas. Train employees and subcontractors in proper solid waste. management For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. REQUIREMENTS Costs (Capital, O&M) - All of the above are low cost measures. Maintenance - Collect site trash daily.' - Inspect construction waste area regularly. : - Arrange for regular waste collection LIMITATIONS There are no major limitations to this best management practice REFERENCES Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites; Flood Control District of Maricopa County, Al September 1992. Processes, Procedures, and Methods to Control Pollution Resulting from all Construction Activity, USEPA, 430/9-73- 007,1973. Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans.and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. ULUUCUOfl ilan0000K ' ' 4-16 March, 1993 ii ACTIVITY: HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Objectives. Practices Graphic: North Central Texas COG. 1 (jiWjte Minimize Disturbed Areas Stabilize Disturbed Areas Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter Control Internal Erosion DESCRIPTION Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from hazardous waste through proper material use, waste disposal, and training of employees and subcontractors. APPROACH Many of the chemicals used on-site can be hazardous materials which become hazardous waste upon disposal. These wastes may include: Paints and solvents; Petroleum products such as oils, fuels, and grease; Herbicides and pesticides; Acids for cleaning masonry; and Concrete curing compounds. In addition, sites with existing structures may contain wastes which must be disposed of in accordance with Federal, State, and local regulations. These wastes include: Sandblasting grit mixed with lead-, cadmium-, or chromium-based paints; Asbestos; and PCBs (particularly in older transformers). The following steps will help reduce storm water pollution from hazardous wastes: Material Use Use all of the product before disposing of the container. Do not remove the original product label, it contains important safety and disposal information. Do not over-apply herbicides and pesticides. Prepare only the amount needed. Follow the recommended usage instructions. Over-application is expensive and environmentally harmful. Apply surface dressings in several smaller applications, as opposed to one large application, to allow time for infiltration and to avoid excess material being carried off-site by runoff. Do not apply these chemicals just before it rains. People applying pesticides must be certified in accordance with Federal and State regulations. Do not clean out brushes or rinse paint containers into the dirt, street, gutter, storm drain, or stream. 'Paint out' brushes as much as possible. Rinse water-based paints to the sanitary sewer. Filter and re-use thinners and solvents. Dispose of excess oil- based paints and sludge as hazardous waste. Targeted Pollutants o Sediment o Nutrients Toxic Materials o Oil & Grease o Floatable Materials o Other Construction Waste Likely to Have Significant Impact Probable Low or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements o Capital Costs o O&M Costs Maintenance Q Training o Suitability for Slopes >5% High 0 Low 1 CA21 Best Management Practices I Construction Handbook 4 -17 March, 1993 I ACTIVITY: HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT (Continue) I Waste Recydin/Disposal Select designated hazardous waste collection areas on-site. Hazardous materials and wastes should be itóred in covered containezi and protected from vandalism. Place hazardous waste containers in secondary containment Do not mix wastes, this can cause chemical reactions, make recycling impossible, and complicate disposal. Recycle any useful material such as used oil or water-based paint. Make sure that toxic liquid wastes (used oils, soLvents, and paints) and chemicals (acids, pesticides, additives, curing compounds) are not disposed of in dumpsters designated for construction debris. Arrange for regular waste collection before containers overflow. Make sure that hazardous waste (e.g. excess oil-based paint and sludges) is collected, removed, and disposed 01 only at authorized disposal areas. For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training Training Train employees and subcontractors in proper hazardous waste management. Warning signs should be placed in areas recently treated with chemicals. Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible. If a container does spill clean up uninediately. REQUIREMENTS Costs (Capital, O&M) - All of the above are low cost measures. Maintenance - Inspect hazardous waste receptacles and area regularly. - Arrange for regular hazardous waste collection. LIMITATIONS Hazardous waste that cannot be reused or recycled must be disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste hauler. REFERENCES Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992. Processes, Procedures, and Methods to Control Pollution Resulting from all Construction Activity; USEPA. 430/9-73- 007,1973. Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. CA21 aset iI.g.Yisntt Construction Handbook 4 -18 March, 1993 1 ACTIVITY: CONTAMINATED SOIL MANAGEMENT I 9b1etP.1 _________________________________________________________________ - Housekeeping Practices - in Waste Disturbed eas ~tabiSta lize Disturb Area Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter Control Internal Erosion DESCRIPTION • • • Targeted Pollutants Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from contaminated soil and Q Sediment -. highly acidic or alkaline soils by conducting pie-construction surveys, inspecting excava- 0 Nutrients tions regularly, and remediating contaminated soil promptly. • • • •. • Toxic Materials APPROACH • • 0 Oil & Grease Contaminated soils may occur on your site for several reasons including: • •• 0 Floatable Materials Past site uses and activities; • Detected or undetected spills and leaks; and •. • . 0 Other Construction Waste Acid or alkaline solutions from exposed soil or rock formations high in acid or alkaline-forming elements. Likely- to Have Significant Impact Most developers conduct pie-construction environmental assessments as a matter of 0 Probable Low or routine. Recent court rulings holding contractors liable for cleanup costs when they Unknown Impact unknowingly move contaminated soil, highlight the need for contractors to confirm that a site assessment is completed before earth moving begins. Implementation Requirements The following steps will help reduce storm water pollution from contaminated soil: 0 Capital Costs Conduct thorough site planning including pie-construction geologic surveys. OM Look for contaminated soil as evidenced by discoloration, odors, differences in soil properties, abandoned underground tanks or pipes, or buried debris. Maintenance Prevent leaks and spills to the maximum extent practicable. Contaminated soil can be Training expensive to treat and/or dispose of properly. However, addressing the problem 0 suitability for before construction is much less expensive than after the structures are in place. Slopes >5% Test suspected soils at a certified laboratory. • If the soil is contaminated, work with the local regulatory agencies to develop options for treatment and/or disposal. • For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. • L. High 0 Low • • - • • • A Costs (Capital, O&M) • • • - Prevention of leaks and spills is inexpensive. Treatment and/or disposal of contaminated soil can be quite expensive.' • - Maintenance , . • • - Inspect excavated areas daily for signs of contaminated soil. -• Implement CA 12, Spill Prevention and Control; to prevent leaks and spills as Best much as possible. • • Managemen - • • • Practices Construction Handbook • 4 - 19 March, 1993 i'i I I ACTIVITY: CONTAMINATED SOIL MANAGEMENT (Continue) LIMiTATIONS Contaminated soils that cannot be treated.onsite must be disposed of off-site by a licensed hazardous waste hauler. The presence of contaminated soil may indicate contaminated water as well- See CAI (Dewaxenng Operations) in this chapter for more information. REFERENCES. Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related-Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution Prevention; Santa Cara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992. Processes, Procedures, and Methods to Control Pollution Resulting from all Construction Activity; USEPA, 430/9-73- 007,1973. Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005 USEPA, April 1992 CA22 B.t Ungn '.onstruct*on Handbook 4 -20 March, 1993 I ACTIVITY: CONCRETE WASTE MANAGEMENT DESCRIPTION Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from concrete waste by conducting washout off-site, perforating on-site washout in a designated area, and training employees and subcontractors. APPROACH The following steps will-help reduce storm water pollution from concrete wastes: Store dry and wet materials under cover, away from drainage areas. Avoid mixing excess amounts of fresh concrete or cement on-site. Perform washout of concrete trucks off site or in designated areas only. Do not wash out concrete trucks into storm drains, open ditches, streets, or streams. Do not allow excess concrete to be dumped on-site, except in designated areas. For on-site washout - locate washout area at least 50 feet from storm drains, open ditches, or water bodies. Do not allow runoff from this area by constructing a temporary pit or benned area large enough for liquid and solid waste; - wash out wastes into the temporary pit where the concrete can set,be broken up, and then disposed of properly. When washing concrete to remove fine particles and expose the aggregate, avoid creating runoff by draining the water to a bermed or level area. Do not wash sweepings from exposed aggregate concrete into the street or storm drain. Collect and return sweepings to aggregate base stock pile, or dispose in the trash. Train employees and subcontractors in proper concrete waste management. For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. REQUIREMENTS Costs (Capital, O&M) - All of the above are low cost measures. Maintenance - Inspect subcontractors to ensure that concrete wastes are being properly man- aged. - If using a temporary pit, dispose hardened concrete on a regular basis. LIMITATIONS Off-site washout of concrete wastes may not always be possible. Construction Handbook 4 -21 Objectives Housekeeping Practices (nWásto Minimize Disturbed Areas Stabilize Disturbed Areas Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter Control Internal Erosion Targeted Pollutants o Sediment o Nutrients o Toxic Materials o Oil & Grease o Floatable Materials Other Construction Waste Likely to Have Significant Impact Probable Low or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements o Capital Costs o O&M Costs Maintenance• Q Training o Suitability for Slopes >5% High OLow] CA23 Best Managemen Practices March, 1993 ACTIVITY: CONCRETE WASTE MANAGEMENT (Continue). REFERENCES Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites; Flood Control District of Maricopa County, AZ, July 1992. Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Piogram, 1992. Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices. EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. CA23 Belt Men.gum. Construction Handbook .. : - March, 1993 I ACTIVITY-0 SANITARY/SEPTIC WASTE MANAGEMENT Objectives Housekeeping Practices CEainWaste Minimize Disturbed Areas Stabilize Disturbed Areas Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter Control Internal Erosion I DESCRIPTION Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from sanitary/septic waste by providing convenient, well-maintained facilities, and arranging for regular service and disposal. APPROACH Sanitary or septic wastes should be treated or disposed of in accordance with State and local requirements. These requirements may include: Locate sanitary facilities in a convenient location. Untreated raw wastewater should never be discharged or buried. Temporary septic systems should treat wastes to appropriate levels before discharging. If using an on-site disposal system (OSDS), such as a septic system, comply with Local health agency requirements. Temporary sanitary facilities that discharge to the sanitary sewer system should be properly connected to avoid illicit discharges. If discharging to the sanitary sewer, contact the local wastewater treatment plant for their requirements. Sanitary/septic facilities should be maintained in good working order by a licensed service. Arrange for regular waste collection by a licensed hauler before facilities overflow. For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. REQUIREMENTS Costs (Capital, O&M) - All of the above are low cost measures. Maintenance - Inspect facilities regularly. - Arrange for regular waste collection. LIMiTATIONS There are no major limitations to this best management practice. REFERENCES Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sates; Flood Control District of Maricopa County, Al September 1992. Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. Targeted Pollutants o Sediment o Nutrients o Toxic Materials o Oil & Grease o Floatable Materials Other Construction Waste Likely to Have Significant Impact 0 Probable Low or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements o Capital Costs o O&M Costs Maintenance o Training C) Suitability for Slopes >5% S High 0 Low CA2.4 Best Managemen Practices :1 Construction Handbook 4 -23 March, 1993 1 ACTIVITY: VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT CLEANING Objectives (ffjpiP ) Graphic: North Central Texas COG, 1993 Contain Waste Minimize Disturbed Areas Stabilize Disturbed Areas Protect Slopes/Channels i 9 Conimi Site Pednw Control Intemon DESCRIPTION Targeted Pollutants Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from vehicle and equipment cleaning by using off-site facilities, washing. in designated, contained areas only, eliminat- 0 Sediment ing discharges to the storm drain by infiltrating or recycling the wash water, and/or 0 Nutrients training employees and subcontractors. Toxic Materials APPROACH Oil & Grease Use off-site commercial washing businesses as much as possible. Washing vehicles 0 Floatable Materials and equipment outdoors or in areas where wash water flows onto paved surfaces or o Other Construction into drainage pathways can pollute storm water. If you wash a large number of Waste vehicles or pieces of equipment, consider conducting this work at an off-site commer- cial business. These businesses are better equipped to handle and dispose of the wash Likely Have to waters properly. Performing this work off-site can also be economical by eliminating I Significant Impact I the need for a separate washing operation at your site. 0 probable Low or If washing must occur on-site, use. designated, bermed wash area to prevent wash t Unknown Impact water contact with storm water, creeks, rivers, and other water bodies. The wash area can be sloped for wash water collection and subsequent infiltration into the ground. Implementation Use as little water as possible to avoid having to install erosion and sediment controls Requirements for the wash area. . Capital Costs Use phosphate-free, biodegradable soaps. . Q O&M Costs Educate employees and subcontractors on pollution prevention measures. Maintenance Do not permit steam cleaning on-site. Steam cleaning can generate significant 0 pollutant concentrations. Training For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, 0 Suitability for CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. . Slopes ,5% REQUIREMENTS Costs (Capital, O&M) - All of the above are low cost measures. Maintenance . High 0 Low - Minimal, some berm repair may be necessary. CA3O Even phosphate-free, biodegradable soaps have been shown to be toxic to fish before the soap degrades. Sending vehicles/equipment off-site should be done in conjunction with ESC24 •. . (Stabilized Construction Entrance). Best REFERENCE Managemen Swisher, R-)., 1987. Surfactant Biodegradation, Marcel Decker Corporation Practices Construction Handbook 4 -24 March, 1993 J I Targeted Pollutants o Sediment o Nutrients Toxic Materials Q Oil & Grease o Floatable Materials o Other Construction Waste Likely to Have Significant Impact Probable Low or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements Capital Costs o O&M Costs Maintenance Training o Suitability for Slopes >5% I ACTIVITY: VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT FUELING Objectives cepingPcUces Contain Waste Minimize Disturbed Areas Stabilize Disturbed Areas Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter Control Internal Erosion DESCRIPTION Prevent fuel spills and leaks, and reduce their impacts to storm water by using off-site facilities, fueling in designated areas only, enclosing or covering stored fuel, implementing spill controls, and training employees and subcontractors. APPROACH Use off-site fueling stations as much as possible. Fueling vehicles and equipment outdoors or in areas where fuel may spill/leak onto paved surfaces or into drainage pathways can pollute storm water. If you fuel a large number of vehicles or pieces of equipment, consider using an off-site fueling tation. These businesses are better equipped to handle fuel and spills properly. Performing this work off-site can also be economical by eliminating the need for a separate fueling area at your site. If fueling must occur on-site, use designated areas, located away from drainage courses, to prevent the runOn of storm water and the runoff of spills. Discourage "topping-off' of fuel tanks. Always use secondary containment. such as a drain pan or drop cloth, when fueling to catch spills/leaks. Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible. Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down or burying the spill. Remove the adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly. Carry out all Federal and State requirements regarding stationary above ground storage Avoid mobile fueling of mobile construction equipment around the site; rather, transport the equipment to designated fueling areas. With the exception of tracked equipment such as bulldozers and perhaps forklifts, most vehicles should be able to travel to a designated area with little lost time. Train employees and subcontractors in proper fueling and cleanup procedures. For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. REQUIREMENTS. Costs (Capital, O&M) - All of the above measures are low cost., except for the capital costs of above ground tanks that meet all local environmental, zoning, and tire codes. Maintenance - Keep ample supplies of spill cleanup materials on-site. - Inspect fueling areas and storage tanks on a regular schedule. II • High 0 Low II CA31 Be s Managemen Practices I LIMiTATIONS . Sending vehicles/equipment off-site shouldbe done in conjunction with ESC24 (Stabilized Construction Entrance). Construction Handbook 4 -25 March, 1993 I ACTIVITY: VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE Objectives Graphic: North Central Texas'COG, 1993 - Contain Waste' Minimize Disturbed Areas Stabilize Disturbed Areas Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter iA Control Internal Erosion DESCIUFIION Targeted Pollutants Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from vehicle and equipment maintenance by running a "dry site". This involves using off-site facilities, performing 0 Sediment work in designated areas only, providing cover for materials stored outside, checking for 0 Nutrients leaks and spills, containing and cleaning up spills immediately, and training employees and Toxic Materials subcontractors. Q Oil & Grease APPROACH ' 0 Floatable Materials Keep vehicles and equipment clean, don't allow excessive build-up of oil and grease. o Other Construction Use off-site repair shops as much as possible. Maintaining vehicles and equipment Waste outdoors or in areas where vehicle or equipment fluids may spill or leak onto the ground can pollute storm water. If you maintain a large number of vehicles or pieces uk.tj to Have of equipment, consider using an off-site repair shop. These businesses are better Significant Impact equipped to handle vehicle fluids and spills properly. Performing this work off-site 0 Probable Low or can also be economical by eliminating the need for a separate maintenance area. Unknown Impact If maintenance must occur on-site, use designated areas, located away from drainage Implementation ' courses, to prevent the runon of storm water and the runoff of spills. Requirements Always use secondary containment, such as a drain pan or drop cloth, to catch spills or leaks when removing or changing fluids. 0 Capital Costs Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible. 0 O&M Costs Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down or burying the spill. 0 Maintenance Remove the adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly. Q Training Regularly inspect on-site vehicles and equipment for leaks, and repair immediately. Q Suitability for Check incoming vehicles and equipment (including delivery trucks, and employee and Slopes 5% subcontractor vehicles) for leaking oil and fluids. Do not allow leaking vehicles or equipment on-site. Segregate and recycle wastes, such as greases, used oil or oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, automotive batteries, hydraulic, and transmission fluids. ' Train employees and subcontractors in proper maintenance and spill cleanup proce- High 0 Low dures. ' ' For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. ' C A32 REQUIREMENTS Costs (Capital, O&M) - All of the above are low cost measures. Maintmance - Keep ample supplies of spill cleanup materials on-site. Best Managemen - Inspect maintenance areas on a regular schedule. Pctices Construction Handbook 4 -26 March, 1993 ACTIVITY: VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE (Continue). LIMiTATIONS Sending vehicles/equipment off-site should be done in conjunction with ESC24 (Stabilized Construction Entrance). Outdoor vehicle or equipment maintenance is a potentially significant source of storm water pollution. Activities that can contaminate storm water include engine repair and service, particularly changing or replacement of fluids, and outdoor equipment storage and parking (dripping engines). For further information on vehicle or equipment servicing, see CA30, Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning-,-and 6A31, Vehicle and Equipment Fueling. Listed below is further information if you must perform vehicle or equipment maintenance on-site. Waste Reduction Parts are often cleaned using solvents such as thchloroethylene, 1,1,1-thchloroethane, or methylene chloride. Many of these pails cleaners are harmful and must be disposed of as a hazardous waste. Reducing the number of solvents makes recycling easier and reduces hazardous waste management costs. Often, one solvent can perform a job as well as two different solvents. Also, if possible, eliminate or reduce the amount of hazardous materials and waste by substituting non-hazardous or less hazardous materials. For example, replace chlorinated organic solvents (1,1, 1-trichloroethane, methylene chloride, etc.) with non-chlorinated solvents. Non-chlorinated solvents like kerosene or mineral spirits are less toxic and less expensive to dispose of properly. Check List of active ingredients to see whether it contains chlori- nated solvents. The "chlor" term indicates that the solvent is chlorinated. Also, try substituting a wire brush for solvents to clean parts. Recycling/Disposal Separating wastes allows for easier recycling and may reduce disposal costs. Keep hazardous and non-hazardous wastes separate, do not mix used oil and solvents, and keep chlorinated solvents (like 1,1,1-trichioroethane) separate from non-chlorinated solvents (like kerosene and mineral spirits). Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper waste or recycling drums. Don't leave full drip pans or, other open containers lying around. Oil filters disposed of in trash cans or dumpsters can leak oil and contaminate storm waxer. Place the oil filter in a funnel over a waste oil recycling drum to drain excess oil before disposal. Oil filters can also be recycled. Ask your oil supplier or recycler about recycling oil filters. Do not dispose of extra paints and coatings by dumping liquid onto the ground or throwing it into dumpsters. Allow coatings to dry or harden before disposal into covered dumpsters. Store cracked batteries in a non-leaking secondary container. Do this with all cracked batteries, even if you think all the acid has drained out. If you drop a battery, treat it as if it is cracked. Put it into the containment area until you are sure it is not leaking. Do not bury used tires. REFERENCES Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites; Flood Control District of Maricopa County, AZ, September 1992. Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992. Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program: Program Development and Approval Guidance, Working Group Working Paper, USEPA, April 1992. F CA32 sea I Construction Handbook 4 -27 March, 1993 1 J ACTIVITY: EMPLOYEE/SUBCONTRACTOR TRAINING Objectives Housekeeping Pracöces Contain Waste, Minimize Disturbed Areas Stabilize Disturbed Areas Protect SlopesiChannels Control Site Perimeter Control Internal Erosion DESCRIPTION Employee/subcontractor training, like maintenance or a piece of equipment, is not so much a best management practice as it is a method by which to implement BMPs. This fact sheet highlights the importance of training and of integrating the elements of employee/subcontractor training from the individual source controls into a comprehensive training program as part of a company's Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). The specific employee/subcontractor training aspects of each of the source controls are highlighted in the individual fact sheets. The focus of this fact sheet is more general, and includes the overall objectives and approach for assuring employee/subcontractor training in storm water pollution prevention. Accordingly, the organization of this fact sheet differs somewhat from the other fact sheets in this chapter. OBJECTIVES Employee/subcontractor training should be based on four objectives: Promote a clear identification and understanding of the problem, including activities with the potential to pollute storm water, Identify solutions (BMPs); Promote employee/subcontractor ownership of the problems and the solutions; and Integrate employee/subcontractor feedback into training and BMP implementation. APPROACH Integrate training regarding storm water quality management with existing training programs that may be required for your business by other regulations such as: the Illness and Injury Prevention Program (HPP) (SB 198) (California Code of Regulations Title 8, Section 3203), the Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) standard (29 CFR 19 10.120), the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan (40 CFR 112), and the Hazardous Materials Management Plan (Business Plan) (California Health and Safety Code, Section 6.95). Businesses, particularly smaller ones that may not be regulated by Federal, State, or local regulations, may use the information in this Handbook to develop a training program to reduce their potential to pollute storm water. Use the quick reference on disposal alternatives (Table 4.2) to train employee/subcontractors in proper and consistent methods for disposal. CA4O Best Managemen Practices Construction Handbook 4 -28 March, 1993 L 1 1 FComider ACTIVITY: EMPLOYEE/SUBCONTRACTOR TRAINING (Continue) posting the 'quick reference table around the job site or in the on-site office trailer to reinforce training. Train employee/subcontractors in standard operating procedures and spill cleanup techniques described in the fact sheets. Employeeisubconiractors trained inj,u1 containment and cleanup should be present during the loading/ unloading and handling of materials. • Personnel who use pesticides should be trained in their use. The California Department of Pesticide Regulation and county agricultural commissioners license pesticide dealers, certify pesticide applicators, and conduct on-site inspections. 0 ' Proper education of off-site contractors is often overlooked. The conscientious efforts of well trained employee/ subcontractors can be lost by unknowing off-site contractors, so make sure they are well informed about what they are expected to do on-site. 0 CA4O Prmct$. Construction Handbook • 4 -29 March, 1991, DISCHARGE/ACTIVITY BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL Disposal Priorities Approval Disposal Priorities General. Construction and Painting; Street and Utility Maintenance - - Excess punt (oil bused) 1 Recycle/reuse 1 Recycle/reuse • 2. Dispose as hazardous waste. 2. Take to HHW drop-off. Excess paint (water-based) 1. Recycle/reuse. 1. Recycle/reuse. 2. Dry residue in cans, dispose as trash. Dry:residue in cans, dispose as trash. If volume is too much to thy, 3. If volume is too much to dry, take to dispose as hazardous waste. HHW drop-off Paint cleanup (oil-based) Wipe paint out of brushes, then: Wipe paint Out of brushes, then: - I. Filter & reuse thinners, solvents. Filter & reuse thinners, solvents. 2. Dispose as hazardous waste. Take to HHW drop-off. Paint cleanup (water-based) Wipe paint out of brushes, then: Wipe paint out of brushes, then: 1. Rinse to sanitary sewer. I. Rinse to sanitary sewer. Empty paint cans (dry) 1. Remove lids, dispose as trash. 1. Remove lids, dispose as trash. Paint stripping (with solvent) - I. Dispose as hazardous waste. 1. Take to HHW drop-off.. Building exterior cleaning (high- Prevent entry into storm drain and pressure water) remove offsite - Wash onto dirt area, spade in . • • collect (e.g. mop up) and discharge to sanitary sewer • POTW Cleaning of building exteriors which Use dry cleaning methods have HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (e.g. Contain and dispose washwater as mercury, lead) in paints hazardous waste (Suggestion: dry •• - - i material first to reduce volume) • • - II I11 ii ju j. jijjp us . jj• TABLE 4.2 QUICK REFERENCE - DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVES (Adopted from Santa Clara County Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program - December, 1992) (-) All of the waste products on this chart are pi-ohibited from discharge to the storm drain system. Use this matrix to decide which alternative disposal strategies to use. ALTERNATIVES ARE LISTED IN PRIORITY ORDER. Key: HHW Household hazardous waste (Government-sponsored drop-off events) POTW Publically Owned Treatment Plant Reg.Bd. Regional Water Quality Control Board (Oakland) "Dispose to sanitary sewer" means dispose into sink, toilet, or sanitary sewer clean-out connection. Pr Dispose as trash" means dispose in dumpsters or trash containers for pickup and/or eventual disposal in landfill. "Dispose as hazardous waste" for business/commercial means contract with a hazardous waste hauler to remove and dispose. Table 4.1 (Continued) Page 2 Aggregate wash from driveway/patio construction Wash onto dirt area, spade in Pump and remove to appropriate disposal facility Settle, pump water to sanitary sewer - • 1. Wash -onto dirt area, spade in 2. Pump and remove to appropriate disposal facility POTW 3. Settle, pump water to sanitary sewer DISCHARGE/ACTIVITY BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL Disposal Priorities Approval Disposal Priorities General Construction and Painting; Street and Utility Maintenance (cont'd) Non-hazardous paint scraping/ 1. Dry sweep, dispose as trash 1. Dry sweep, dispose as trash sand blasting HAZARDOUS paint scraping/sand blastinj 1. Dry sweep, dispose as S 1. Dry sweep, take to HHW drop-off (e.g. marine paints or paints containing hazardous waste lead or tributyl liii) Soil from excavations during periods Should not be placed in street or S. when storms are forecast on paved areas Remove from site or backfill by end of day Cover with.tarpaulin or surround with hay bales, or use other runoff controls 4 Place filter mat over storm drain Note Thoroughly sweep following removal of dirt in all tour alternatives Soil from excavations placed on paved 1. Keep material out of storm conveyance surfaces during periods when storms, are not systems and thoroughly remove via forecast sweeping following removal of dirt Cleaning streets in construction areas 1. Dry sweep and minimize tracking of mud 2 Use silt ponds and/or similar pollutant reduction techniques when flushing - pavement Soil erosion, sediments Cover disturbed soils, use erosion controls, block entry to storm drain. Seed or plant immediately. Fresh cement, grout, mortar - 1. Use/reuse excess Use/reuse excess Dispose to trash Dispose as trash Washwater from concrete/mortar Wash onto dirt area, spade in I. Wash onto dirt area, spade in (etc.) cleanup Pump and remove to appropriate 2. Pump and remove to appropriate disposal facility disposal facility 3. Settle, pump water to sanitary sewer POTW 3. Settle, pump Water to sanitary sewer DISCHARGE/ACTIVITY BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL Disposal Priorities Approval Disposal Priorities General Construction and Painting; Street and Utility Maintenance (cont'd) Rinsewater from concrete mixing trucks Return truck to yard for rinsing into pond or dirt area - . At construction site, wash into pond or dirt area Non-hazardous Construction and - 1. Recycle/reuse (concrete, wood, etc.) 1. Recycle/reuse (concrete, wood, etc. demolition debris 2. Dispose as trash 2. Dispose as trash Hazardous demolition and 1. Dispose as hazardous waste Do not attempt to remove yourself. construction debris (e.g. asbestos) Contact asbestos removal service for safe removal and disposal -, - - . Very small amounts (less than 5 Ibs) - •• may be double-wrapped in plastic and taken to HHW drop-off Saw-cut slurry - Use dry cutting technique and sweep up residue - - . . Vacuum slurry and dispose off-site.- Block storm drain or berm with low . weir as necessary to allow most solids to settle. Shovel Out gutters; dispose residue to dirt area, construction yard or landfill. Construction dewatering Recycle/Reuse (Nonturbid, uncontaminated groundwater) Discharge to storm drain Construction dewatering (Other than Recycle/reuse nonturbid, uncontaminated groundwater) Discharge to sanitary sewer P01W • As appropriate, treat prior to discharge to storm drain Reg. Bd. - Portable toilet waste 1. Leasing company shall dispose to sanitary sewer at POTW • P01W Leaks from garbage dumpsters Collect, contain leaking material. • • Eliminate leak, keep covered, • - return to leasing company for immediate repair If dumpster is used for liquid waste, use plastic liner - jI::1 uI ii ml ii ai as ai 'urn - i uu — ' Table 41 (Continued) Page 3 DISCHARGE/ACTIVITY BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL Disposal Priorities Approval Disposal Priorities General Construction and Painting; Street and Utility Maintenance (cont'd) Leaks from construction debris bins 1. Insure that bins are used for dry nonhazardous materials only (Suggestion: Fencing, covering help prevent misuse) Dumpster cleaning water 1. Clean at dumpster owner's facility and discharge waste through grease interceptor to sanitary sewer POTW 2 Clean on site and discharge through grease interceptor to sanitary sewer POTW Cleaning driveways, paved areas * 1. Sweep and dispose as trash - 1. Sweep and dispose as trash (Dry cleaning (Special Focus = Restaurant alleys Grocery (Dry cleaning only). only). dwnps(er areas) 2. For vehicle leaks, restaurant/grocery 2. For vehicle leaks, follow this alleys, follow this 3-step process 3-step process a Clean up leaks with rags or a Clean up leaks with rags or absorbents absorbents, dispose as hazardous b Sweep using granular waste absorbent material (cat litter) b Sweep, using granular - - Mop and dispose of inopwater to absorbent material (cat litter). * Note: Local drought ordinances may sanitary sewer (or collect rinsewater c. Mop and dispose of mopwater contain additional restrictions and pump to the sanitary sewer). to sanitary sewer. 3. Same as 2 above, but with rinsewater (2c)(no soap) discharged to storm drain. Steam cleaning of sidewilks, plazas * Collect all water and pump to sanitary sewer. Follow this 3-step process: Clean oil leaks with rags or adsorbents - * Note: Local drought ordinances may Sweep (Use dry absorbent as needed) contain additional restrictions C. Use no soap, discharge to storm drain Potable water/line tiushing 1. Deactivate chlorine by Hydrant testing maximizing time water will travel before reaching creeks Super-chlorinated (above 1 ppm) water 1. Discharge to sanitary sewer from line flushin g 2 Complete dechlorination required before discharge to storm drain 1 '.0 Uj all: ai'i urn am uu im urn urn Urn is u pj uij UI "able '.i iContinueo) Page 4 U' " I'll IN " I. -. IS I IN IN iI•U 'III Ii' Table 4.1 (Continued) Page 5 I- DISCHARGE/ACTIVITY BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL Disposal Priorities Approval Disposal Priorities Landscape/Garden Maintenance Pesticides - 1. Use up. Rinse containers use , 1. Use up. Rinse containers, use rinsewater as product. Dispose rinsewater as pesticide. Dispose - rinsed containers as trash rinsed container as trash. 2. Dispose unused pesticide as 2. Take unused pesticide to HHW drop- -hazardous waste off Garden clippings .'. 5 1. Compost - 1. Compost S 2. Take to Landfill 2. Dispose as trash. Tree trimming 1. Chip if necessary,, '- .5 1. Chip if necessary, before composting - . composting or recycling . or recycling , Swiiiuning 'poot, spa, fountain water, 1 Do' not use metal-based algicides (i.e. ' 1. Do not use metal-based algicides (i.e. (emptying) Copper Sulfate) Copper Sulfate) Recycle/reuse (e.g' irrigation) 2.-Recycle/reuse (e.g. irrigation) • Determine chlorine residual = 0, wait . 3. Detennine chlorine residual = 0, wait - 24 hours and then discharge to storm drain. POTW 24 hours and then discharge to storm drain. Acid or other pool/spa/fountain cleaning I. Neutralize and discharge to sanitary sewer POTW Swimming pool, spa filter backwash. 1. Reuse for irrigation 1. Use for landscape irrigation 2. Dispose on dirt. area ,. . Dispose on dirt area Settle, dispose to sanitary sewer - , 3. Settle, dispose to sanitary sewer Vehicle Wastes Used motor oil - . 1. Use secondary containment while * Put out for curbside recycling pickup S storing, send to recycler. , .• where available Take to Recycling Facility or auto S service facility with recycling program • Take to HHW events accepting motor oil Antifreeze •' 1. Use secondary containment while - . , - 1. Take to Recycling Facility storing, send to recycler. Other vehicle fluids and solvents' ' I. Dispose as hazardous waste '. I. Take to HHW event - ' Automobile batteries Motor home/construction trailer waste Send to auto battery recycler Take to Recycling 'Center 1. Use holding tank. Dispose to sanitary sewer Exchange at retail outlet Take to Recycling Facility or HHW event - where batteries are accepted 1. Use holding tank, dispose to sanitary sewer. - a. "Ontiffle)lable Page 6 DISCHARGE/ACTIVITY BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL : RESIDENTIAL Disposal Priorities Approval Disposal Priorities Vehicle Wastes (cont'd) Vehicle Washing 1. Recycle 1. Take to Commercial Car Wash. 2. Discharge to sanitary POTW • Wash over lawn or dirt area sewer, never to storm drain If soap is used, use .a bucket for soapy water and discharge remaining soapy water to sanitary sewer. Mobile Vehicle Washing I. Collect washwater and discharge to sanitary sewer. POTW Rinsewater from dust removal at new car Discharge to sanitary sewer fleets If rinsing dust from exterior surfaces from appearance purposes, use no soap • (water only); discharge to stonn drain. POTW Vehicle leaks U Vehicle Repair Facilities Follow this 3-step process I. Clean up leaks with rags or absorbents 2. Sweep, using granular absorbent . material (cat litter) • Mop and dispose of mopwater to • sanitary sewer. Other Wastes - Carpet cleaning solutions- & other 1. Dispose to sanitary sewer POTW 1. Dispose to sanitary sewer mobile washing services - - Roof drains If roof is contaminated with industrial waste products, -. discharge to sanitary sewer If no contamination is present, • discharge to storm drain - Cooling water - Recycle/reuse Air conditioning condensate - Discharge to sanitary sewer POTW Pumped groundwater, infiltration,' I. Recycle/reuse (landscaping, etc.) - Reg. Bd. foundation drainage (contaminated) 2. Treat if necessary; discharge to - - - -. sanitary sewer - POTW 3. Treat and discharge to storm drain Reg. Bd. Fire fighting flows If contamination is present, Fire Dept. - -- - - - will attempt to prevent flow to stream - - or storm drain - 0 -I 0 0 0 El uu auui au aim aim am me iii' iii' ii. liii iii mu urn am uu liii iii Table 4.1 (Continued) Page 7 DISCHARGE/ACTIVITY BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL RESIDENTIAL Disposal Priorities Approval Disposal Priorities Other Wastes_(cont'd) Kitchen Grease 1 Provide secondary containment, collect 1 Collect, solidify, dispose as Er sh send to recyler. POTW 2 Provide secondary containment collect send to POTW via hauler. Restaurant cleaning of floor mats, i; Clean inside building with discharge exhaust filters, etc through grease trap to sanitary sewer. 2. Clean outside in container or bermed area with discharge to sanitary sewer. Clean-up wastewater from sewer back-up 1. Follow this procedure: a Block storm drain, contain collect, and return spilled material to the sanitary sewer. b Block storm drain rinse remaining material to collection point and pump to sanitary sewer. (no rinse - water may flow to storm drain) 71 - - - 4 -1 - I I I S I I F' I I I LI S . . LI I 'I 4.0 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS 4.1.2-a Preservation of Existing Vegetation Z IL t3 t* - . 4l;ZiS DRIP LINE INCORRECT CORRECT TREE PRoTEcIiQN FENCING DRIP LINE - •1 DRIP LINE zvz7c. MUM. 4 PERFORATED DRAIN PIPE W/DRAIM ROCK 6 MW-I. AROUND PIPE VERTICAL PIPE MIN - V l ' flP ENCROACHMENT WHHIN EXISTING GROUND LJ f MW-I. DRIP LINE PERMITTED ON ONE SIDE SlOE ONLY ISOMETRIC SECTION TREE PROJECTlQt'I ( AREAS PROTECTION OF TREES Source Unknown AND OTHER VEGETATION I 4U BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL I 4.1.3-a Minimize Disturbance and Buffer Stnps - I BUFFER STRIP OF VEGETATION On construction sites, a 50 foot buffer (filter) strip of undisturbed vegetation I should be left along all watercourses and property lines. This strip reduces water velocity and traps sediment thereby reducing sediment delivery to surface Waters or to adjacent properties I Special care should be taken during the construction process to see that soil is not washed into a body of waters Conventional snow-fencing should be erected I along the limits of planned soil disturbance to prevent machinery and debris from entering the buffer strips or watercourses. and to limit the disturbance of soil and vegetation, to what is absolutely necessary. I LI I - EXPOSED CONSTRUCTION AREA DIVERSION FILTER STRIP NATURAL VEGETATIVE -- I TEMPORARY SEDIMENT TRAP LI EXISTING WATERWAY I I NATURAL FILTER STRIPS Source: Unknown 'I c OF VEGETATION DO rmtrc n .AN flrF(0 COUNTY - 1998 , 4-11 1 40 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTI CES FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL 1 4 1 5-a Land Grading for Minimizing Erosion D ,• • -:. 1 '•- 10/ SETTLEMENT 0.3' FREE BOARD- . 1110 TYPICAL PARABOLIC DIVERSION 1 10/ SETTLEMENT- * oiFREEBoARoj DESIGN FLOW DEPTH I TYPICAL TRAPEZOIDAL DIVERSION - U U 10/.SETTLEMENT ,_ N FLOW DEPTH mill1i Will LI TYPICAL VEE-SHAPED DIVERSION Source 1 DIVERS-1ONS VaDSWC 1 "- _____________ - • U L 'S I I BEST ANAGEMENT PRACTICES ]FOR sAJ1 DrEGO COUNTY —1999' 1 &O BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL Land Grading for Minimizing Erosion DIVERSION I SECTION OF DIVERSION AT TOP OF SLOPE ii DIVERSION: INTERCEPTS F STORM WATER RUNOFF - NEWLY SEEDED AND MULCHED -- r SLOPE PROTECTED BY DIVERSION '2J11:UIIU!!T • [I J' I kU _) STABLE OUTLET. DIVERSION CONTROL MEASURES CAN INTERCEPT S STORM WATER RUNOFF BEFORE IT REACHES SLOPES - Source: DIVERSION. DIKE Unknown I BEST I\LkNAGEr4TENT PRACTICES FOR SAN DElCO COUNTY 1999 4-16 40 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL 4.3.1-a Geotextiles and Mats ANCHOR SLOTS: BURY THE UP-CHANNEL END OF THE NET IN A 12 DEEP TRENCH. TAMP THE SOIL FIRMLY. STAPLE AT IT INTERVALS ACROSS THE NET. OVERLAP: OVERLAP EDGES OF THE STRIPS AT LEAST 4-. STAPLE EVERY IZ DOWN THE CENTER OF THE STRIP. FLOW JOINING STRIPS: INSERT THE NEW ROIL OR NET IN A TRENCH, AS WITH THE ANCHOR Slot OVERLAP THE UP-CHANNEL END OF THE PREVIOUS ROLL 18 AND TURN THE END OF THE PREVIOUS ROLL JUST BELOW THE ANCHOR SLOT, LEAVING 6 OVERLAP. CHECK SLOTS: ON ERODIBLE SOILS OR STEEP SLOPES. CHECK SLOTS SHOULD BE MADE EVERY 15 FEET. INSERT A FOLD OF THE NET INTO A 6 TRENCH AND TRAP FIRMLY. STAPLE AT I2 INTERVALS ACROSS THE NET. LAY THE NET SMOOTHLY ON THE SURFACE OF THE - SOIL -DO NOT STRETCH THE NET, AND DO NOT ALLOW - WRINKLES. INSTALLATION OF NETTING AND MATTING BEST MANAGErYtENT pRACTICES FOR SAN DIIG-O COUNTY - 1998 I I I I I I I I I I U I 4-46 ANCHORING ENDS AT STRUCTURES: PLACE THE END OF THE NET IN A 12 SLOT ON THE UP-CHANNEL SIDE OF THE STRUCTURE FILL THE TRENCH AND TRAMP FIRMLY. ROLL THE NET UP THE CHANNEL PLACE STAPLES AT 1Z INTERVALS ALONG THE ANCHOR END OF THE NET. Source: California Storm Water BMP Handbook, Construction Activity, March 1993. 4.0 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EROSION AND SEDEMENT CONTROL' \II 4.3.1-b , Geotextlles and Mats ON STEEP SLOPES. APPLY STRIPS ON SHALLOW SLOPES. STRIPS OF NETTING PARALLEL TO THE OF NETtING MAY BE APPLIED DIRECTION OF FLOW AND ANCHOR ACROSS THE SLOPE. SECURELY. S":!LLOWSL op Sr SECTION SECTION UU WRUW •R.-U flflnnpS ----------- ------ (SHALLOW - _______ --- --- - IN DITCHES. APPLY NETTING PARALLEL TO THE PLA DIRECTION OF FLOW. USE CHECK SLOTS EVERY IS FEET. DO NOT JOIN STRIPS IN THE.CENTER OF THE DITCH- 1.11 11 ANCHOR Niel TRENCH iirnm k. . SECTION —I FLOW BRING WETTING DOWN TO A LEVEL BEFORE TERMINATING THE INSTALLATION. TURN THE END UNDER 6 AND STAPLE AT 12 INTERVALS. BERM WHERE THERE IS A BERM AT THE TOP OF THE SLOPE. BRING THE MATTING OVER THE BERM AND ANCHOR IT BEHIND THE BERM WITH A I r ANCHOR TRENCH. (DITCH) PLAN ORIENTATION OF California Storm Water BMP U NETTING AND MATTING 1993. BEST rY1A.NAGEMINT PRACTICES FORSA.N DI:EGoCouNTy 1998 4-47 4.0 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL 4.3.3-a Temporary Stream Crossing AGGREGATE FlU. '—FILTER CLOTH I FLiER ! ' I2 MIN CLOTH ' I HIGH FLOW AREA AGGREGATE FILTER CLOTH FILL I FLAT BANKS AGGREGATE Flu. HIGH FLOW AREA F ILT ER CLOTH MULTIPLE PIPES HIGH FLOW AREA AGGREGATE °VERCLOTH FlU. STEEP BANKS AGGREGATE FiLL HIGH FLOW AREA FILTERCLOTH MULTIPLE PIPES AGGREGATE FILL PER M.A-G. SPECIFICATIONS XX FILTER CLOTH TEMPORARY ACCESS Source: California Storm Water BMP CULVERT Handbook, Construction BEST MANAGEMINT PRACTICES FOR SAN DIEGO COUNTY - 1998 4-56 1 4.0 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL 1 4.3.3-b Temporary Stream Crossing -S.' - SURFACE FLOW 7 s - DIVERTED BY SWALE ------------- / —..--.- — 1 f(( f usi ...... — — -' - .__-\ - I — • AGGREGATE BED OVER FILTER CLOTH I AGGREGATE APPROACH - , 5:1 MAXIMUM, SLOPE ON ROAD I A SURFACE FLOW DIVERTED BYSWAE WATER LEVEL SURFACE FLOW DIVERTED BY SWALE AGGkEGAfE ORIGINAL STREAM BED FILTER CLOTH. I . I TEMPORARY ACCESS Source: California Storm Water BMP F F. D Handbook, Construction ' ) ( Activity. March 1993. I BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR SAN DIEGO COUNTY - 1998 4-57 C) BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL 1 4.4.2-a Temporary Drains and Swales I I I j- 3:%OR FLATTER — I 2(MIN) - r STABILIZATION I LEVEL CROSS SECTION I 'I ç_0.5% OR STEEPER I . \DEPENOENT ON TOPOGRAPHY Y Y Y Y Y Y Y STABLE OUTLET REQUIRED I __ FLOW FLOW I PLAN 'I TEMPORARY DRAINAGE Source California Storm Water BMP SWALE Handbook Construction Activity, March 1993. BEST MANAGEMNT PRACTICES FOR SAN DIEGO COUNTY - 1998 4-70 4.0 REST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL I .. . 4.4.3-c Slope Drain EARTH DIKE 1 - -- S.. I I L all-III, IE vi 11ii '' /iz IIEdIEI1 ' - s \\___ __ STANDARD FLARED' I ENTRANCE SECTION RIPRAP APRON l MIN. INLET SLOPE 3% SIDE SLOPE I 4IAW&j 21 EARTH DIKE = - HD+12 I . CORRUGATED fl METAL PIPE 1 I- I I. - - - DIAMETER (D) -iv- 1 . so . 41 MIN. - D S S AT LESS THAN - I i% SLOPE 0043 S . . CO 00 00 Q Mo 00 To 13 I 1 . •• 3D42 RIPRAP SHOULD CONSIST OF 5 DIAMETER STONE PLACED AS SHOWN AND SHOULD BEAMIBMUM OF IT IN THICKNESS. so U PIPE SLOPE California Storm Water BMP C D RA I N (RIGID) Handbook Construction Actiyity, March 1993. 1 BEST MANAGEMNT PRACTICES FOR SAN DEEGO COUNTY - 1998 4-78 4.0 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EROSION AND SEDThr1ENT CONTROL :1 4.4.3-d Slope Drain -, SEDIMENT TRAP A LENGTH AS NECESSARY TO / GO THRU DIKE PIPE ELBOW WATERTIGHT CONNECTING BAND FLEXIBLE PIPE PEI I 1-= .1 L.6'MIN. ZUTOFF WALL H \ 4 MIN LESS \ THAN 1% SLOPE I SEDIMENT TRAP - - - . F C3 RIPRAP SHOULD CONSIST OF 6 3D DI.A STONE PLACED AS SHOWN. DEPTH OF APRON SHOULD EQUAL I THE PIPE OLA AND RIPRAP SHALL BE A MINIMUM OF IT IN THICKNESS. - -. ALTERNATIVE SEDIMENT TRAP: RIPRAP PLAN PIPE SLOPE - California Storm Water BMp I •-... DRAIN (FLEXIBLE) Handbook, Construction Activity, March 1993. IJ BEST MAP4AGEIENT PR}CT10ES FOR SAN DIEGO COUNTY - 1998 4-79 FIU1Er PIPE OUTLET TO FLAT AREA WITH NO DEFINED CHANNEL PLAN 4.0 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL 4.4.4-a Outlet Protection 60 '060O% A A dor INSIDE PIPE DIAMETER A rV5~~_!~W w = APRON MOTH 'U I d =APRON THICKNESS FILTER FABRIC - SECTION B-B PIPE OUTLET TO WELL-DEFINED CHANNEL NOTES: APRON LINING MAY BE RIPRAP. GROUTED REPRAP. OR CONCRETE. PIPE DIAMETER. APRON DIMENSIONS. AND AVERAGE ROCK SIZE FOR RIPRAP ARE BASED ON THE DESIGN FLOW RATE AND VELOCITY. La AND ROCK SIZE MUST BE SET TO SLOW THE FLOW TO NON-EROSIVE VELOCITIES (e.g.. LESS THAN 10 fps). SEE CALTRANS AND LOCAL AGENCY DESIGN CRITERIA FOR APPROPRIATE SIZING CRITERIA. d1.5TIMES THE MAXIMUM ROCK SIZE DIAMETER BUT NOT.LESS THAN B INCHES. Source: PIPE OUTLET CONDITIONS California Storm Water BMP Handbook, Construction Activity, March 1993. BEST MANACEMINT.pRA CTICES FOR SAN DIEGO COUNTY - 998 442 1 40 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL I 4.5.4a Brusb or Rock Filter (TREE/RESIDUAL MATERIAL WITH. DIAMETER > 611) 2 DRAPE FILTER FABRIC OVER THE 1. EXCAVATE A 4 X 4 TRENCH ALONG BRUSH BARRIER AND INTO THE THE UPHILL EDGE OF THE BRUSH TRENCH. FABRIC SHOULD BE BARRIER. ' SECURED IN THE TRENCH WITH STAKES SET APPROXIMATELY 36 O.C. 1 S . 4 SET STAKES ALONG THE DOWN- .3. BACKFILL AND COMPACT THE HILL EDGE OF THE BRUSH - EXCAVATED SOIL S . BARRIER, AND ANCHOR BY TYING TWINE FROM THE FABRIC TO THE STAKES. . ••;' - .5 (. CONSTRUCTION OF A BRUSH. Source: BARRIER COVERED BY Va. DSWC FILTER FABR.IC S - S I RV..ST N1 ANA1.F.NTNT PRACTICES FOR SAr4 DIEGO COUNTY - 1998 . 47125 4.0 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL 4.5.6-a Sediment Trap Small temporary basins formed by excavation or embankment can intercept sediment-laden runoff and retain the sediment. The purpose of a sediment trap is to prevent sediment from continuing down the slope. Because sediment traps can full quite rapidly, they must be inspected, maintained, and cleaned out frequently. Plan their locations so that they will be accessible to construction * equipment for maintenance. Sediment traps should discharge sediment-free Water into a stable watercourse. b AREA OF DISTURBED SOIL 0, UNDISTURBED If AREA....-' PERIMETER DIVERSION Source: AND SEDIMENT TRAP Unknown BEST MANAGEMINTPRACT10ES FOR SAN DIEGO COUNTY-1998 4-137 4.0 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL LI - 4.5.6-b Sediment Trap VARIABLE ORIGINAl. VARIA8 GVARIABLE ROUND 19 1 11EV 67 CU. YOJACRE I \67 CU, :oJAcRE FILTER CLOTH \GROUND \_ - ELEV. su PLATE 3•13-1 . COARSE AGGREGATE CLASS IRIPRAP 1 .CROSS SECTION OF OUTLET CLASS IRIPSAP LENGTH IIN FEET) = 6 X DRAINAGE AREA DIKE I - .DIVERSION KOWI COARSE AGGRE(;-AAiE— EACAVATED FILTER CLOTH AREA LI' COARSE AGGREGATE SHALL BE VDOT 13. 1357 OR 95 I . OUTLET (PERSPECTIVE VIEW) I TEMPORARY Source: I ' . Va. DSWC SEDIMENT TRAP I'T •. - BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR SAN DIEGO COUNTY - 1998 . 4-138 4.0 BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL 4.5.7-a Sediment Basin SEDIMENT BASIN A sediment basin is a temporary excavation or embankment designed to intercept sediment-laden runoff and to trap and retain sediment. These strictures can handle larger flows than sediment traps, and have a life of up to 36 months. Permanent basins (designed to function longer than 36 months) may also be used, and must be designed to conform to construction and performance criteria appropriate for permanent structures. Temporary sediment basins may be used ONLY IF: 1 Failure of the structure would not result in loss of life or interruption of use or service of public utilities AND The drainage area is less than 100 acres, AND ... The water surface at the crest of the emergency spillway does not exceed 5 acres. . Sediment basins which do not meet any of the above three criteria should be considered permanent structures, and should be designed as such- EMERGENCY SPILLWAY STONE FILTER SPILLWAY OUTLET SEDIMENT BEARIN STORM PERFORATED RISER PIPE SLOWED AND SOIL PARTICLES TOPREVENT SETTLE TO THE BOTTOM. . . SCOURING PROFILE THROUGH Source: Unknown EMBANKMENT SEDIMENT BASIN BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR SAN DIEGO COUNTY - 1998 4-143 j 5. TRE.A TMEPff CONTROL B MPs i This. chapter - There are INTRODUCTION S GENERAL several general specific PRINCIPLES principles tha treatment ________________________ are applicable to control Best all treatment Management Practices. (BMPs) for removing control BMPs. pollutants in storm water uom urbanized areas. Each fact sheet contains a cover sheet with: A description of the 8MP Suitable Applications . Selection Criteria Limitations Design and Sizing Considerations ConsmicuonIlnspection Considerations Maintenance Requirements Cost Considerations The side bar presents information on which BMP considerations, targetàd constituents, and an indication of the level of effort and costs to implement. The, rema ndr of the fact sheet provides further information on some or all of these topics, and provides references for additional guidelines; BMP fact sheets are provided for each of the following controls:. - Treatment Control BMPs TCI Infiltration - TC2 Wet Ponds TO Constructed Wetlands TC4 Biotilter TC5 Extended Detention Basins TC6 Media Filtiacion TO Oiliwarer Separators and Water Quality Inlets TCS Multiple Systems Priority should be given to source control: Source control BMPs are generally (but riot always) Less expensive - than treatment control BMPs. Also. treatment control BMPs will not remove all pollutants and their removal efficiency is difficult to predict given the limited understanding of the relationship between facility design criteria and performance.' Recognize the unique California climate: With few exceptions most storm water treatment experience has been in 'wet' states where vegetation can be maintained without irrigation. In contrast, California's climate is semi-arid with the exception of the north coast The treatment control BMPs that require vegetative cover may not be practical for many areas of California unless irrigation is i5rovided. Also, design criteria have emerged from research of facilities located. in climates where the rainfall season is coincident with the growth of vegetation. However, in California. the wet season does not occur during the primary growth season. Caution must be used in using design criteria that have been developed elsewhere in the nation. Design Storm Size: It is commonly thought by those unfamiliar with urban runoff quality management that design storms for sizing water quality controls should be the sane as those used for the design of drainage facilities. This is not true. The damage done to a receiving waxer by the pollutant wash-off of a 25 year storm (commonly used to size a drainage system) is inconsequential to the I March, 1993 ii BMP: INFILTRATiON LrVff Consideratic r Soils tea Required Slope Water Availability Asthetica Hydraulic Head QE DESCRIPTION Targeted Constituents A family of systems LO which the majority of the nmoff from mull storms is infiltrated into •Sediment the ground rather than discharged to a siuface water body. Infiltration, systems include: ponds, vaults.jt7 wells, pavement. and concrete grids. Nutrients EXPERIENCE IN CALIFORNIA - • Heavy Metals lafiftiadoc ponds have been used by many Local jurisdicuons and CalTrans in the Central • Toxic Materials Valley for about three decades. • Floatable M.t.r.g. SELECTION CRITERIA Need to achieve high level of particulate and dissolved pollutant removal. Suitable site soils and geologic onodinous; low potential for-long-term enioo in the watershed. Multiple mngemersc objectives (e.g.. gomd waterrbage or nmoff voh aoto1). LIMITATIONS Loss of infiltrative capacity and high maintenance oust in fine soiLs. Low removal of dissolved pollutants in very coarse sods. Not suitable on fill sites or steep slopes. Risk of ground water contamination in very coarse soils. may require ground water Sbould not use imdl upstream drainage area is stabilized. Infiltration facilities could fail er Chapter 15, Title 23, of California Code of Regulations regarding waste disposal to land. DESIGN AND SIZING CONSIDERATIONS Volume sized to capture a parnailar fraction of annual runoff. Pretreatment in fine soils. Emergency overflow or bypass for larger storms. Observanon well in trenches. - CONSTRUCTION6INSPECI10N CONSIDERATIONS Prot infiltration surface dining axisuun. Vegetation of pond sides to prevent erosion. Frequent inspection for clogging during construction. . Oxygen D.i'rnd- lug Substances • Oh & Gram • Bacteria & Vrua.. Ukely to Have Slprilflnt kiip.ct o Probable Low or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements Q Capital Costa Q O&M Costa Q Maintenance 0 Training 1 0 High 0 Low 1 TCI Best Man age me n Practices I Municipal handbook 5-3 Mardi, 1993 LI . Additional information Top View . II -- Flat Basin Floor with Clense Grass Turl Inlet - I, Settling Basin and Level Spreader Riprap Outtail Back-up Underdrain Protection ISide View . Li EzhIua%in Storage IV I .1 . Sack-up Undsrdrau Pip in Case of Standing Wiley ProD4.fns SO4a Sdiue4ec (17) I NOTE Backup underdrain is not used in most apprcations because plugging LI OCCUt5 in $041 above the drain. An Infiltration basin can also be excavated (typicay 2 to 6 feet deep) I as long as th. bottom of the basin is 3 feet above high seasonal water table. 1 FIGURE 1A. INFILTRATION BASiN TC1 Much, 1993 Splash Block I Additional Information — MMSTR1POEsGN ° 1 Top View Side View Inflow Grass F uter I -o 20 Grw Fi lter Strip Sides Lined with P.r,,..b4e Fiji., Fabric F; Permeable Filter LU - Fabric One Fact $je -'J Clean Washed Steno or Gravel - - - :- — 81ow Surface. • 'i (1.5-3.0 Inch) -TrapsO.bns -- .. . ' --G12 Inch Sand Filter — ,Itter Screened Overflow Pipe 4p 4, Cloth Linos Bobbin jV - -Outflow Sctsce Schuelr (1987) Roof Drain Adapted fr,m Ki1g Cox" I SCMn CS Sump with -ii Soid Lid -Oç*naI I I FIGURE LB. INFILTRATION TRENCHES TC1 5 -12 Mzrtb, 1993 IN QIl JHI iuI HII''Ju .JJII WII 'III'III - iiiq = JIUL lilt I I1i III iri1 1111 •Il I I liiit. JJI$ IIUt1 1IsI11liI1H i IIU Uli I•U j• 1•à ill riu .ia iii I POROUS ASPHALT SURFACE COURSE 1/2" to 3/411 A9tJ!eite asphaltic mix 2.5 to (liii Liit", lyp ii al I FILTER COURSE /2" AJ1JrLdLI • 2" thicknesi - CL-. I RESERVOIR BASE COURSE I" to 2" Aggrega te VuidS volume i ik I lJlIllI i u - runoff Reteiil lull 0 Th likii& I LJwl :111 j im,dye rtu jii.tI . 0 :3 4 !iUL!c . . 4 IXhIIUG SOIl. Rut uilid I CthiipdL LIUPI I u iel dlii poros ity aiid pl'HiedtiI I ity Source: City of Auckville, Maryland FIGURE 1D. POROUS ASPHALT PAVING TYPICAl SlCl'ION 0' - March, j93 I BMP: WET PONDS Considerations Soils Water Availability Hydraulic Head nlS) DESCRIPTION A wet pond has a permanent water pool to treat incoming storm waxer. An enhanced wet pond includes a pretreatment sediment forebay CALIFORNIA EXPERIENCE There are regional flood control basins in California that function like wet ponds or constructed wetlands (TC3). SELECTION CRITERIA Need to achieve high level of particulate and some dissolved contaminant removal. Ideal for large, regional tributary areas. Multiple benefits of passive recreation (e.g., bird watching, wildlife habitat). LIMITATIONS Concern for mosquitoes and maintaining oxygen in ponds. Cannot be placed on steep unstable slopes. Need base flow or supplemental water if water level is to be maintained. Infeasible in very dense urban areas. In California the wet season is coincident with miniml plant growth. Could be regulated as a wetlands or under Chapter 15, Title 23, California Code of Regulations regarding waste disposal to Lands. Pending volume and depth, pond designs may require approval from Stale Division of Safety of Dams. DESIGN AND SIZING CONSIDERATIONS Wet pool volume determined by Figures 2B and C. Water depth of 3 to 9 feet. Wetland vegetation, occupying 25-50% of water surface area. Design to minimize short-circuiting. Bypass storms greater than two year storm. CONSTRUCTIONIINSPECFION CONSIDERATIONS Be careful when installing wetland vegetation. Targeted Constituents • Sediment Q Nutrients Heavy Metals Q Toxic Materials Floatable Materials Oxygen Demand- ing Substances Oil & Grease Q Bacteria & Viruses UkeiytoHam Significant impact 1 0. Pmbabl. Low or L Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements • Capital Costs Q O&M Costs Q Maintenance o Training 1 0 High 0 Low MAINTENANCE REQUIIEMENTS TC2 Remove floatables and sediment build-up. Correct erosion spots in banks. Control mosquitoes. May require permits from various regulatory agencies, e.g. Corps of Engineers. Best COST CONSIDERATIONS Managerr Costs for providing supplemental water may be prohibitive. Practices Municipal Handbook 5 -16 March, 1993 I I ill BMP: CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS Considerations ii Area Required ROW Aesthetics Hydraulic Head & AQUATIC PLANTS DESCRIFI1ON Constructed wetlands have a significant percentage of the facility covered by wetland vegetation. EXPERIENCE IN CALIFORNIA Research facility constructed in Fremont in 1983 by the Association of Bay Area Govern- ments. Several communities (Davis, Orange County) have regional detention ponds that are essentially constructed wetlands. SELECTION CRiTERIA Need to achieve high level of particulate and some dissolved contaminant removal. Ideal for large, regional tributary areas. Multiple benefits of passive recreation and wildlife. LIMITATIONS Concern for mosquitoes. Cannot be placed on steep unstable slopes. Need base flow to maintain water level. Not feasible in densely developed areas. Wet season coincident with minimiI plant growth. Nutrient release may occur during winter. Overgrowth can lead to reduced hydraulic capacity. Regulatory agencies may limit water quality to constructed wetbMc. May be regulated under Chapter 15, Title 23, California Code of Regulations regard- rug waste disposal to lands. DESIGN AND SIZING CONSIDERATIONS Suitable soils for wetland vegetation. Surface area equal to at least 1% and preferably 2% of the tributary watershed. Forebay. CONSTRUCTION/INSPECTION CONSIDERATIONS Involve qualified wetland ecologist to design and install wetland vegetation. Establishing wetland vegetation may be difficult. MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS Remove foreign debris and sediment build-up. Areas of bank erosion should be repaired. Remove nuisance species. Control mosquitoes. Municipal Handbook 5 -26 Targeted Constituents • Sediment • Nutrients • Heavy Metals • Toxic Materials • Floatable Materials • Oxygen Demand- ing Substances • Oil & Grease Q Bacteria & Viruses Ukety to Have Sigelflcant Inipt o Probable Low or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements • Capital Casts O&M Coats Q Maintenance o Training High OLow TC3 L Best Managemen Practices March, 1993 icy Targeted Constituents Sedintent Q Nutrients Heavy Metals - Q Toxic Materials Q Floatabl. Materials Q Oxy.n O.nd. • ing Subatanc.a Q oil & Grease o Bacteria £ Viruses r-• iJfraly te Hr,. &iIN,t kwpr o obi. Low or Uøown Impact Implementation R.qulr.m.nts C,pit,J Costa Q O&M Cost, Q Malnt•nartea 0 Training Li I BMP: BIOPLTERS Consideration c. vailsbilfty Aezttp.tjc, Hydraulic Head Environmental Side Effect, J DESCRIPTION Biordters are of two types: swale and strip. A swale is a vegetated channel that treats cceouved flow. A strip mum sheerfiow and is placed parallel to the contributing suace. EXPERIENCE IN CALifORNIA No b1o61ers specifically designed to treat storm waxer have been locate& However, instances of biofdter by happenstance- exist in nonbem communities (Davis Sacramento, Turlock. Fresno) where stacm water is discharged to a grassed area pnor to an inlet or an intiltraüon area. SELECTION CRrERIA Comparable pàfocmance to wet, ponds and cocsiruaed wetlands. Limited to treating a few es.'. Availability of water during fry se. LIMITATIONS Poor performance has occurred but this appears to be due to poor design. . May be limited to areas where summer ffrigauoo is feasible. Can be difficult to maintain sheet flaw in SInpc. Can be difficult to avoid thiwlizaxioo in swales. Cannot bepledcm steep ske. At= required may make infeasible on industrial siteL Proper maintenance requited to maintain health and density of vegetation. DESIGN AND SIZING CONSiDERATIONS The surface area is defined by Figure 4A.. The minimum width for a swale is determined by Mnnmgs Equation. Mmumlengtho(asmpislOfeet. The Longitudinal slope must noex 5%. Use a flow spreader and energy dissipator at the entrance of a swale. Good soils are impctant to achieve good vegetation aver. CoNSrRuCI1ONIINSPECI1ON CONSIDERATIONS Make sure soils are suitable for healthy vegetasxs. Level cross-sectioo and even kmgitudinal slope for swa. Achieve sheet flow with strips. [Hlgii ~Low TC4 Best Municipal Handbook 5 -32 March, 1993 BMP: EXTENDED DETENTION BASINS Considerations Soils ignWaccr Slope I rLUW Fore-. Water Availability (jH J Aesthetics pod Environmental Side Effects Now DESCRIPTION Targeted Constituents Extended detention basms are dry between storms. During a storm the basin fills. A botton outlet eeae the storm water slowly to time dc for sediments to • Sediment 9 settle- Nutrients EXPERIENCE IN CALIFORNIA There are no known extended detention basins in Ca1ioreia. Hydraulic dctentn basin c Q Heavy Metals may function Like extended detention basins if the loaner has been sized to control the pre- devlopment 2-yearevent. More Liberal standards do not provide sufficient detion OXIC M.nala 9 Floàrle Materials SELECTION CRITERIA Objective is to remove only particular pollutants. 9 9Y9." Demand. Use where lack of water prevents the use of wet ponds. wetlands or b111ters. srig Substances Use where wet ponds or wetlands would cause unarxeptable mosquito cooditiotm Q Oil & Grave, LIMITATIONS 0 Bacteria & Virus., May be less reliable than other treatment control BMPs. I • UkWy to Have Inability to vegetate banks and bottom may result in erosion and resuspension. sJgtlnc.ne Impact I Limitation of the orifice diameter may preclude use in small watersheds. I 0 Probable Low or Requires differential elevation between inlet and outlet. Unknown Impact J pending their volume and depth basin designs may require approval front Scare - Division of Safety of Dams. lmpl.m.ntatlon R.quLrm.nt.s DESIGN AND SIZING CONSIDERATIONS Capital Coat. Basin volume is sired to capture a particular frtioo of the nmoff. Drawdown time of 24 to 40 hocus. 9 O&M Coats Shallow basin with large surt area performs be than deep basin with same volume. hiSlflI5•flC• Pte energy dissiparors at the entrance to minimi bottom crosion and resusPensiOn.. 0 Trilning Vegetate side slopes and bottom to the rnaxrnuan extent ixacricaL If side erosion is particularly severe, consider paving or soil stabilization. If Iloatables are a problem, protect outlet with trash rack or ocher device. Provide bypass or pass through capabilities for 100 year storm. T. Hlt, 0 CONSrRUcnOwu4sPEcrION CONSIDERATIONS Make sure the outlet is ittstalled as icsigne*i. TC5 Best Management PractIces\_.L Municipal Handbook 5.39' March, 1993 11 I. • BMP: MEDIA FILTRATION Considerations Soils Area Required FLOW PRETREATMENT Slap. Water Availability Aesthetics Environmental Side SAND ALTER Eff DESCRIFION Targeted Constituents Consists of a settling basin followed by a filter. The most common filter media is sand; • Sediment some use peal/sand mixture. Nutrients EXPERIENCE IN CALIFORNIA Heavy Metals A tenant at. the Port of Long Beach recently installed a sand filter. The City of Los Angeles will soon install several experimental filters. 0 Toxic Materials SELECTION CRiTERIA • Floatable Materials Objective is to remove only sediment (particulate pollutants).- Oxygen Demand.. Use where unavailability of water prevents the use of wet ponds, wetlands, or ing Substances biofilters. can be placed Q Oil & Grease Suitable for individual developments and small tributary areas up to about 100 acres. Bacteria & Viruses May require less space than other treatment control BMPs. • UkatytoHam Sliflcant LIMITATIONS Impact Filter may require more frequent maintenance than most of the other BMPs. 0 Probable Low o Head loss. Unknown impact Dissolved pollutants are not captured by sand. Implementation - Severe clogging potential if exposed soil surfaces exist upstream. Requinents DESIGN AND SIZING CONSIDERATIONS • Capital Costa Settling basin smaller than wet or extended detention basin. Spread flow across filter. O&M Costs Place filter offline to protect from extreme events. Maintenance Minimize erosion in settling basin. 0 Training CONSTRUCTION/INSPECTION CONSIDERATIONS Be certain filter sand is clean and the outlet device from the basin to the filter is level. - M4TENtj'cE REQUIREMENTS High 0 Lowj Clean filter surface about twice annually; or more often if watershed is excessively - erosive. TC6 COST CONSIDERATIONS Filtration system may use less space than other systems. Smaller media improves performance but increases maintenance costs. Best . Managemen Practices Municipal Handbook 5 -49 March, 1993 r---- PLAN VIEW.. Filtration Basin ig Energy Dissipators . I L A Stormwaler Channel Drop Inlet. ,- Filtered Outflow A ri Stone Rip Rap. 0.11 Weir To Achieve Uniform Discharge Nj r—Sand Bed - ELEVATION 4.. Underdrain Piping System Source: City of Austin —1 FIGURE 6A. CITY OF AUSTIN SAND FILTER Additional Information —'Media FUtraon FLOW •' E V V I _ SAND I I F t VIEW V OUTFALL G&X'MDCOV-r-R SOUDCOVER FLOW V ' ' ' PAVtG -. '' - SAND V - • . : oL-rFAL.L : ' :- '1'•t' •i:1 SECTION A-A "sourèeShaver (1991) GP.ATE (FABRIC WRAPPED V OVER EN MEGRATEOPEDG) FIGURE 6B. LINEAL SAND FILTER ENTRANCE -' V LAOR GROUND' 1 /1' / N- JT1fl U'-' / INFLOW wSD I AGGREGATE ENTRANCE 000, ..WASHEDSANDj •1_ CLEAN OUT PIPE ENTRANCE OR..LS V , Source: District of CoIurr FIGURE 6G. VAULT SAND FILTER V Municipal Handbook V 5 -55 March,' 1993 I .11 LI. LI I I LI I LI I I I 1 I 1 I I I . Additional Information Meiia Fton Catch Basin Graft 14 Lp Mardi, 1993 TCS Additional Information - Media Filtration _____ _____ I Seoirnert Trap Drain pipe - - To Outlet Structure Bottom of' -u-- Drop Inlet Sedimentation Basin 7—V Section A - A Sediment Trap - :_' To Outlet Structure 27 Gravel Layer Perforated PVC Pipe B.' SEDIMENT TRAP Over Pipe Wrapped in Geotextile Fabric Source: City of Austin FIGURE 6E. EXAMPLE RISER PIPE AND SEDIMENT TRAP DFIAJLS TC6 Municipal Handbook 5 57 Mirth, 1993 BMP: OIL/WATER SEPARATORS AND WATER QUALITY INLETS Oillwaur separators are designed to remove one specific group of cootInin2nEs: petroleum ccxnpounds and grease. However Sc 005 will also remove floauble debris and settle- able solids. Two gaicral types of oil/waxer separators are used: aovaiaocal gravity scparaicr and the coalescing plate interceptor (CPT). EXPERIENCE IN CALIFORNIA Ohl/water separators are in use throughout California ax industrial sites. OWwazer separa- tors arc used at all bulk petroleum storage and refinery facilities. A few jurisdictions, require mew commercial developments to install separators under certain situations that are enironaicntally sensitive. SELECTION CRITERIA Applicable to situations where the concentration of oil and grease related onmpomds will be abnormally high and source control cannot provide effective control. The general types of busiwmsses where this situation is likely are truck. car, and equipment maintenance and washing businesses, as well as a business that pafxms maintenance on its own equipment arid vehicles. Public facilities where separators may be required include marine ports, airfields, fleet vehicle maintenance and washing, facilities. and ms transit part-and-ride lots- Conventional separators are capable of removing oil droplets with diameters equal to or greater than 150 tmcroos. A CPI srazor should be used if smaller droplets must be removed. Consideration3 Sods Area Required Slop. Water Availability Aesthetics Hydraulic Head Environmental Side Effects Targeted Constituents Q Sediment Q Nutrients Q Heavy Metals Q Toxic Material. • Floatable Materials Oxygen Demend- ing Substances Bacteria & Viruses Likely ke Have Sl,lrnt knp.ct Probable Low or Implementation R.qulr.m.nts I LIMiTATIONS Q Capital Coats Little data on oil characteristics in storm water leads to considerable uncertainty about Q O&M Costa paformanc Air quality permit (conditional arghoizaaioa) permit-by-nile from DTSC may be Maintenance required. Training DESIGN AND SIZING CONSIDERATIONS Sizing related to anticipated influent oil concentration, waxer temperanne and velocity, ________________ and the effluent goal. To maintain reasonable separator size, it should be designed to [• HIgh 0 Low bypass flows in excess of first (lush. CONSTRUCTIONIINSPECI1ON CONSIDERATIONS Now identified. Clean frequently of &=xmubted oil, grease, and floating dclxis. COST CONSIDERATIONS I Beet Coalescing plate material is costly but requnes Less space than the conventional Managemen PractIces Municipal Handbook 5 .59 March, 1993 Additional Information - OiUWater separators and Water Qualityirtlets 1Raised Secondary Inlet Primary Inlet \ Access for. Large Storms \ / - Mannoies - I - / jIllIII1Ii1l Reinforced Concrete Construction Inverted Elbow 'Pipe Regulates F Trash Rack Protects Water - Two 6 Inch Orifices Levels Overflow Pipe Adapted from Schueler, 1987 NOTE 1 Size as conventional separator. 2. Design outlet orifice in elbow to limit outflow to the design rate for the unit FIGURE 7B. WATER QUALITY INLET TC7