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Home My WebLink About4850373-05; Calavera Hills Park; Calavera Hills Park Seismic Refraction Survey; 1986-05-16LEIGHTON and ASSOCIATES INCORPORATED SOIL ENGINEERING TO: GEOLOGY GEOPHYSICS GROUND WATER HAZARDOUS WASTES May 16, 1986 Project No. 4850373-05 City of Carlsbad Parks and Recreation 1200 Elm Avenue Carlsbad, California 92008-1989 ATTENTION: Mr. Mark Steyaert SUBJECT: Supplemental Seismic Refraction Survey, Calavera Hills Park Site, Carlsbad, California Reference: 1) "Geotechnical Investigation, Calavera Hills Park Site, Carlsbad, California," Project No. 4850373-02, dated July 24, 1985, by Leighton and Associates, Inc. 2) "Proposed Slopes, Calavera Hills Park Site, Carlsbad, California," Project No. 4850373-02, dated March 11, 1986, by Le.ighton and Associates, Inc. 3) "Grading Plan.s for Calavera Park Site (CUP-266)," Project No. PE 2.86.16, dated February 14, 1986, Prepared at a Scale of 1"=40', by Rick Engineering Company Introduction In accordance with your authorization, we have performed a supplemental seismic refraction survey of the subject site. The purpose of this investigation was to further evaluate excavatabi1ity characteristics of the metavolcanic bedrock underlying the site. Since1 this is a supplemental investigation, this report incorporates and supple- ments the findings, conclusions, and recommendations presented in the referenced geotechnical report (Reference 1, above). In addition, the numbering of the five (5) seismic refraction traverses performed during the supplemental investigation continues in sequence with the numbering presented in the referenced geotechnical report. Accompanying Maps, Tables, and Appendices Table 1 - Seismic Refraction Survey Summary of Results - Rear of Text Plate 1 - Geotechnical Map - In Pocket Appendix A - Seismic Refraction Summary Appendix B - Seismic Refraction Summary of Results of Reference 1 (Seismic Traverse Lines 1 Through 3) 5421 AVENIDA ENCINAS, SUITE C, CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 92008 (619) 931-9953 • (800) 447-2626 WESTL.AKE/VENTURA • DIAMOND 8AR/WAuNUT » CALM DESERT • SANTA CLARITA/VALENC:A • CARLSBAD' SAN BERNAROiNO'-RiVEPSIDE • • TEMECULA-RANCHO CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO 4850373-05 Our scope of services of the supplemental seismic refraction survey included: 9 A limited seismic refraction survey consisting of five seismic refraction traverses performed on selected areas of the site where excavation is proposed (see Plate 1, Geotechnical Map). The seismic refraction profiles of this investigation are presented in Appendix A. o Analysis of the geophysical data to assess the excavatability characteristics of the bedrock underlying the subject site. o Preparation of this report presenting our findings, conclusions, and recommen- dations with respect to the excavatability of the subject site. Site Description As previously described in Reference 1, the irregular-shaped parcel encompasses approximately 14 acres and is bisected by a northeasterly-trending, 34-foot wide, temporary access easement. Topographically, the site can be considered the western portion of a ridgetop, with drainage to the north, west, and south. Two major drainage courses are present on site, one, a north-trending canyon which crosses the northern property boundary, and the other, a west-trending canyon paralleling the southern property boundary. Relief across the site is ap- proximately 90 feet, with elevations ranging from 270+ near the southwest property corner to 360+ near the eastern-central property boundary. Natural hillsides vary from approximately 10:1 (horizontal to vertical) to approximately 2:1 (horizontal to vertical) along the sides of the aforementioned canyons. Surface drainage, in general, is toward the west and north along the canyons near the northern and southern portions of the subject site, respectively. Localized surface drainage of the hillsides follows the present slope gradient. Vegetation on site consists of grasses, high weeds, and large, mature eucalyptus trees which are locally very dense. During our supplemental seismic refraction survey, off-site excavations were being made for utilities along the extension of Glasgow Drive and Elm Avenue, east and north of the site, respectively. It was noted that difficulty in excavating these trenches was encountered and some blasting was apparently required. In addition, communication with field representatives of Costa Real Water District indicate that blasting was required in adjacent areas. However, as mentioned in Section 3.3 of Reference 1, cut slopes along Tamarack Avenue and the temporary access road on the site were apparently constructed with only heavy equipment. Seismic Refraction Survey A seismic refraction survey was performed at the Calavera Hill Park Site, Carlsbad, California on April 29, 1985 by representatives of this firm. The intent of this seismic refraction survey was to estimate a reasonable approxima- tion of the depth from the surface to the boundaries between rippable, marginally Mppable, and nonMppable rock. In addition, this seismic refraction survey - 2 - vago JU LEIGHTON and ASSOCIATES INCORPORATED 4850373-05 supplements the results of the survey performed in the reference geotechnical report of the subject site. Based on Reference 3, five 100-foot long seismic refraction traverses were located in areas where relatively deep excavations are proposed. These seismic refraction traverses were performed utilizing a Bison Instruments Signal Enhancement Seismograph, Model 1570C. A 16-pound sledgehammer, striking a metal plate was used as an energy source to produce seismic waves. These energy points were spaced at 5- and 10-foot intervals along the seismic refraction traverse. For this investigation, we placed the geophones at the ends of the survey line. The approximate location of the seismic traverses are depicted on the Geotechnical Map, Plate 1. Profiles of the seismic traverses are attached in Appendix A for your review. A discussion of data reduction, method of interpretation, and limitations of seismic refraction data is presented in Appendix A. Geologic Interpretation of Geophysical Data A summary of the seismic refraction survey and interpretation for seismic traverse Lines 4 through 8 is presented in Table 1. Table 1 includes the anticipated rippability characteristics of the metavolcanic bedrock. These rippability characteristics are based on the seismic velocity charts developed by the Caterpillar Tractor Company as referenced on Table 1. For a discussion of the seismic traverse Lines 1 through 3, performed during our preliminary geotech- nical evaluation (Reference 1) of the site, the reader is referred to Appendix B. A detailed discussion of the geologic interpretation of the geophysical data collected for seismic traverse Lines 4 through 8 is presented below. The corrected geophysical data along Line 4 (Appendix C) are interpreted to indicate two velocity layers. The upper layer (+1,800 ft./sec.) is geologically interpreted as residual soil approximately 3" to 8 feet thick, increasing in thickness toward the north. The second layer (+6,300 ft./sec.) is interpreted geologically as slightly weathered, metavolcanic bedrock. The corrected geophysical data along Line 5 (Appendix C) are interpreted to indicate three velocity layers. The upper layer (+1,600 ft./sec.) is interpreted geologically as residual soils approximately 5 feet thick. The second layer (+3,400 ft./sec.) is interpreted geologically as moderately weathered, metavol- canic bedrock approximately 11 feet thick. Underlying this velocity layer is a higher velocity zone (+8,200 ft./sec.) which is interpreted geologically as relatively unweathered, metavolcanic bedrock. The corrected geophysical data collected along seismic traverse Line 6 indicates three velocity layers. The upper layer (+1,500 ft./sec.) is interpreted as residual soil mantled by surficial fill soils approximately 5 to 7 feet thick. The middle layer (+2,500 ft./sec.) is geologically interpreted as weathered, metavolcanic bedrock approximately 10 feet thick. The third and lower velocity layer (+6,600 ft./sec.) is geologically interpreted as relatively unweathered, metavolcanic bedrock. The corrected geophysical data collected along seismic traverse Line 7 are interpreted to indicate two velocity layers. The upper layer (+2,100 ft./sec.) - 3 - NS>a> LJLJ LEIGHTON and ASSOCIATES INCORPORATED 4850373-05 is interpreted geologically as weathered, metavolcanic bedrock approximately 1 to 7 feet thick, increasing in depth of the north. The lower-lying velocity layer (+4,500 ft./sec.) is interpreted geologically as moderately to slightly weathered, metavolcanic bedrock. The corrected geophysical data collected along seismic traverse Line 8 are interpreted to indicate two velocity layers. The upper layer (+2,800 ft./sec.) is interpreted geologically as weathered, metavolcanic bedrock" approximately 10 feet thick. The lower velocity layer (+9,300 ft./sec.) is interpreted geologically as relatively unweathered, metavolcanic bedrock. Summary of Findings and Conclusions Based on a preliminary review of project grading plans (Reference 3), it is our understanding that the excavation associated with the grading of the site will be generally confined to the relatively flat-lying, ridge-top area as described in Reference 1. Proposed excavations range in depth from 0 feet along the proposed cut/fill transition line to approximately 14 feet near the toe of the proposed 2:1 (horizontal to vertical) cut slope located west of the future Glasgow Drive. Based on our visual observations of the bedrock materials on the site, existing excavations adjacent to the site, our seismic refraction survey data obtained during our preliminary and supplemental investigations, and our experience with bedrock materials on similar and adjacent sites, we provide the following summary of estimates of rippability: • The site is underlain by dense, metavolcanic bedrock with variable densities depending on the extent of weathering. Based on our interpretation of the seismic velocities, the weathered metavolcanic bedrock excavations may be accomplished by the use of appropriate, heavy-duty construction equipment as shown on Table 1 (rear of text) and Appendix B. The velocities of the relatively unweathered metavolcanic bedrock indicate blasting will most likely be required in the unweathered metavolcanics. Depth to the top of the unweathered metavol.canic bedrock is variable as inferred in Table 1 (rear of text) and Appendix B. • Based on our past experience, materials which have a seismic velocity to approximately 3,500 ft./sec. are generally rippable by backhoes and other light trenching equipment. Materials within the velocity range of ap- proximately 3,500 to 4,500 ft./sec. are generally rippable with much difficulty by light duty trenching equipment. However, materials within the velocity range of 4,500 to 5,500 ft./sec. are generally beyond the capability of light-duty trenching equipment. Difficulty of excavation would also be realized by gradalls and other heavy trenching equipment. Material with a seismic velocity above approximately 5,500 ft./sec. will most likely require blasting during trenching operations. • The results of the seismic survey for this investigation reflect rippability conditions only for the areas of the traverses. Based on our review of the referenced grading plans (Reference 3) and interpretation of the seismic refraction data, it is our opinion that the site may generally be rippable by heavy construction equipment (as mentioned 1n Table 1) except for the proposed cut slope and adjacent areas (located along the proposed extension of Glasgow - 4 - tao UU LEIGHTON and ASSOCIATES INCORPORATED 4850373-05 Drive). It is our opinion that the proposed cut slope and adjacent areas will likely require blasting to reach design grade. Because of the variable depths of weathered bedrock, local anomalies of hard, unrippable bedrock may be encountered at or near ground surface which may require blasting within the generally rippable area. If you have any questions regarding our report, please do not hesitate to contact this office. We appreciate this opportunity to be of service. Respectfully submitted, LEIGHTON AND ASSOCIATES, INC. S<sfh^#<r Gs^e***-^?!^ Ahmad Ghazinoor, RCE 34692 Project Geotechnical Engineer Chief nek, CEG 1094 gineering Geologist RLW/AG/RW/lk Distribution:(3) Addressee (2) RSI Attention: Mr. Steve Lang (2) Rick Engineering Attention: Mr. Barry Bender - 5 - 'g-o LJLJ LEIGHTON and ASSOCIATES INCORPORATED >>*4-> in i— <O 13 c CX . ooi i Q Q CD CD ia ia a> CX E C CX ••-•r- • *J U _ I </> O <O CD CD i— I .Q i— Q IO (UC (O l_ O1.C 3 i- *-> O- <O ••- O) CT> I Q COI Q CD lO 00 Q CD io CT)c (UL.•?— 3 CT <D Cd I .—I 1^ CXCX i- O) (Jo O) CO OO UJac. >-at. oo oo zot—I»—CJ C£ OO UJ OO Q. ^>O) Q <4- -MO 4-T3 •—0) a. -(-> O </><o t— s.E (U •i- O >,4J •(->I/) (U U)4-> a» -—1C C •E J^ ••-> •t- O <4- COi CO O uf>Iun i LO O CO oo eno i— (/)o •— S_ IOi. s<v un3IO OOo•oo u4_ OJ O (/) o I— 10 (U i. => (U (U C u•o o (U i-S«- "^3a> aj 10 o01 -i- r— >> O TJ J= >•i- cn 10 CO f— 4->(U r~* Q^ Q£ 00 E o oo o00 00 « M •-H IO •a nai uu o (UIO J3 O) O a> uj= o4-> i. OJ O)2 -Q o •<— •<—3 O'^c r- OJ<O 3 tocucc *O ^Di- >aj 10T3 •(->o ai o oo o i—i oo a> u> i— •r- O •M >IO iO r— 4Ja) a) oo CO avolcanicT3r- OJiO S- ^3 a> oT3 4= O •aaiS- J^O) U J= O•M S-lO T3cu a>2 J3c 3 U >»'<=r— IOai u> i— •i- O (U (DO) a> a»3 .a ce: E tavolcanicT3O) CU U.c o ) Cr— IO^-> o.C i—cn o•1- >r— 10to +•>a>o E-u •a -i-> t-^3 tJ ^3O O) <D U C<ou o> iO•I-)(U •a<us_ . O) •aa>s_ j^ O) UJ= O-(-> S_ iO "O0) a) 5 JQC 3 U•i— ^SO) U> 1—•t- o iO T3 •— 4->O) O) O) O)3 .a ce: E o o o00 OLO ID \O oo ooin oo CO evj ooOO *o> CO Co oo-Q T3 (Uu E O O)Q. CXs_ O)4->"Oo LO COen CX OO o4-> O s_ t. (O Q.U(U <oCJ 4850373-05 APPENDIX A Data Reduction and Interpretation The seismic data can be used to evaluate thicknesses of layers of soil and rock, as well as the depth to different layers. The refraction method assumes that each successively deeper layer has a higher velocity than the layer immediately overlying. This assumption is satisfied to most field applications. In those cases where a lower velocity layer underlies a higher velocity layer, the lower layer cannot be recorded because the seismic wave is totally refracted. The arrival time from each hammer station was recorded at the geophone station in the form of a time-distance graph. The straight-line segments of the time-distance graph constitute a velocity curve. Changes in the slopes of the velocity curves indicate changes in the physical properties of the eart.h materials. Such changes commonly are geologically interpreted as differences in soil or rock layers. Abrupt offsets in the velocity curves may indicate near-vertical contacts between rock types or faults. For this project, the velocity curves were used to interpret the changes in physical properties and to infer soil and rock types associated with those changes. In addition, standard geophysical calculations were performed to evaluate the depth to the different layers. The seismograph's depth of investigation is closely related to the length of the seismic traverse. For a particular length of traverse; e.g., 100 feet, using a ratio of 3:1 between length and depth, we conclude that this length of survey line will detect the boundaries between materials of varying density and velocity to a depth of approximately 33 feet. The length of the seismic traverses in this survey is 100 feet. Seismic Traverse Limitations The results of the seismic survey for this investigation reflect rippability conditions only for the areas of the traverses. However, the conditions of the various soil-rock units appear to be similar for the remainder of the site and may be assumed to possess similar characteristics. Our reporting is presently limited in that refraction seismic surveys do not allow for predicting a percentage of expectable oversize or hardrock floaters. Subsurface variations in the degree of weathered rock to fractured rock are not accurately predictable. The seismic refraction method requires that materials become increasingly dense with depth. In areas where denser, higher velocity materials are underlain by lower velocity materials, the low velocity materials would not be indicated by our survey. 4850373-05 APPENDIX A (Continued) All of the velocities used as upper limits from the attached Rippability Chart Nos. 1 through 4 are subject to fluctuation depending upon such local variations in rock conditions as: a) Fractures, faults and planes of weakness of any kind. b) Weathering and degree of decomposition. c) Brittleness and crystalline nature. d) Grain size. Rippability Charts Due to the presence of metavolcanic soil-rock units, we are including four rippability charts which apply to the site conditions. These charts have been developed by the Caterpillar Tractor Company for use with the D-7G, D-8L, D-9L, and D-10 Caterpillar Tractor with appropriate ripper ("Caterpillar Performance Handbook," Caterpillar Tractor Company, Edition 16, October 1985). A - ii CHART 1 D7G Ripper Performance • Estimated by Seismic Wave Velocities Seismic Velocity ° Meters Per Second x 1000 L Feet Per Second x 1000 0 I 1 _i I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 TOPSOIL CLAY GLACIAL TILL IGNEOUS ROCKS GRANITE BASALT TRAP ROCK SEDIMENTARY ROCKS SHALE SANDSTONE SILTSTONE CLAYSTONE CONGLOMERATE BRECCIA CALICHE LIMESTONE METAMORPHIC ROCKS SCHIST SLATE MINERALS & ORES COAL IRON ORE itiVXNXXXXXXXXXX\XXX\\\X\XX^^t \\V SXXXXk X\\\\\\\\\\\XXX\X\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'XXVsNXXSx;Sx x\xx\\\\xx\\\xx\xSx\\\\\\\\\\\\x r~r X\\x\x\\\\\v\\\\\\ NX\\C\X\\\\XX\\\X\X\\\\XX\XN RIPPABLE •^^•i MARGINAL L Not*: 07H Rlpp«r Pwlomune* Information not avallabl* at time ot printing. NON-RIPPABLE CHART 2 DSL Ripper Performance • Multi or Single Shank No. 8 Ripper • Estimated by Seismic Wave Velocities Seismic Velocity ° Meters Per Second x 1000 L Feet Per Second x 1000 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 TOPSOIL CLAY GLACIAL TILL IGNEOUS ROCKS GRANITE BASALT TRAP ROCK SEDIMENTARY ROCKS SHALE SANDSTONE SILTSTONE CLAYSTONE CONGLOMERATE BRECCIA CALICHE LIMESTONE METAMORPHIC ROCKS SCHIST SLATE MINERALS & ORES COAL IRON ORE \\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ Sv\\\\\\X\\\\\X\\\\\\\\\ kV\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ RIPPABLE MARGINAL NON-RIPPABLE CHART 3 D9L Ripper Performance • Multi or Single Shank No. 9 Ripper • Estimated by Seismic Wave Velocities Seismic Velocity ° Meters Per Second x 1000 L Feet Per Second x 1000 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 TOPSOIL CLAY GLACIAL TILL IGNEOUS ROCKS GRANITE BASALT TRAP ROCK SEDIMENTARY ROCKS SHALE SANDSTONE SILTSTONE CLAYSTONE CONGLOMERATE BRECCIA CALICHE LIMESTONE METAMORPHIC ROCKS SCHIST SLATE MINERALS & ORES COAL IRON ORE L\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\ RIPPABLE MARGINAL L NON-RIPPABLE CHART 4 D10 Ripper Performance • Multi or Single Shank No. 10 Ripper • Estimated by Seismic Wave Velocities Seismic Velocity 0 Meters Per Second x 1000 L Feet Per Second x 1000 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 uLAL-IAL I ILL IGNEOUS GRANITE BASALT SEDIMENTARY SHALE SANDSTONE . 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COo oe a:UJ UJ OL OC oC\J T3cO)s_ H- U I 4850373-05 APPENDIX B Geologic Interpretation of Geophysical Data The corrected geophysical data along Line 1 (Appendix C) are interpreted to indicate two layers.. The upper layer (2,500 to 3,750 ft./sec.) is interpreted geologically as weathered, metavolcanic bedrock approximately 6 feet thick. The lower layer (12,500 ft./sec.) is interpreted geologically as relatively unwea- thered, metavolcanic bedrock. The geophysical data along Line 2 (Appendix C) are interpreted to indicate two layers. The upper layer is interpreted geologically as residual soil (2,300 to 2,500 ft./sec.) and weathered, metavolcanic bedrock (4,300 ft./sec.) ap- proximately 6 feet thick. The lower layer (7,000 to 8,500 ft./sec.) is interpreted geologically as relatively unweathered, metavolcanic bedrock. The geophysical data along Line 3 (Appendix C) are interpreted to indicate three layers. The upper layer (1,250 to 1,500 ft./sec) is interpreted geologically as residual soil approximately 0 to 5 feet thick which pinches out at the northwest end of the survey line. Underlying this layer is a higher velocity zone (3,000 to 4,500 ft./sec.) which is interpreted geologically as weathered, metavolcanic bedrock approximately 11 to 20 feet thick. The deepest layer (8,000 ft./sec.) is interpreted geologically as relatively unweathered, metavolcanic bedrock. From the data obtained, observations of actual bedrock outcrops, and variable subsurface characteristics of the metavolcanic bedrock, the higher velocity bedrock surface is irregular with many weathered zones between occasional resistant zones of relatively unweathered bedrock. B - 1 oioof»* COomoo ,_» T3 CO 3 C• r" -t-> Co ' CQ Xt— Ioz • LU OL. CL.^£ >»* '^ 1— t"™* tQ •f— *^-_Q 4_) *O C Q. (U CL-*-> •r- 0 O"" Q_ oo1o p™•£.. 4-> CX — - CO O M- "O 'cu a. 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