HomeMy WebLinkAbout6028; PALOMAR AIRPORT RD AND COLLEGE BLVD IMP; GNATCATCHER MONITORING REPORT; 2012-05-31DUDEK ..00A
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ENCINITAS, CALIFORNIA 92024
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I May 31, 2012 7094-03
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Liz Ketabian
City of Carlsbad
Recreation Department
799 Pine Avenue, Suite 200
Carlsbad, California 92008
113 o & 2I2
I Subject: 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The
Crossings at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California,
Permit #'s TE051248-4 and TE139634-1
Dear Ms. Ketabian:
This report documents the results of three months of general monitoring conducted by Dudek for
the federally listed threatened coastal California gnatcatcher (Polioptila caljfornica calfornica;
CAGN) at The Crossings at Carlsbad (formerly known as Carlsbad Municipal Golf Course). This
monitoring was conducted within all CAGN suitable habitat areas (disturbed, undisturbed,
revegetated and restored phases of coastal sage scrub (CSS) and Baccharis scrub) within the golf
course site and CSS mitigation areas as defined on the As-built Mitigation Map (Dudek 2007).
The intent of the surveys was to inventory all CAGN on site. This is the sixth comprehensive CAGN
I monitoring survey since completion of construction. The first post-construction CAGN monitoring
survey was conducted in 2007 and served as the baseline for the 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012
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.survey efforts. A pre-construction focused survey for CAGN in the golf course construction footprint
was conducted by LSA, Inc. (1992), utilizing accepted protocol survey methods.
I In 2007, the City of Carlsbad developed the site by constructing The Crossings golf course and
restoring and revegetating a matrix of native uplands habitats. The site was previously farmed •
and undeveloped land with relatively steep canyons and drainages, which drain southerly toward
I Palomar Airport Road and northerly toward an unnamed tributary through Macario Canyon into
Agua Hedionda Lagoon approximately I mile west of the site. Elevations range from
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approximately 100 feet above mean seal level (AMSL) along the southern and northern project,
boundaries to 300 feet AMSL in the middle of the project site.
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Liz Ketabian
Subject: 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings ' at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
SPECIES ACCOUNT
I Coastal California Gnatcatcher
Polioptila calfornica calfornica
I U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS): Threatened
California Department of Fish and Game (CDFG): Species of Special Concern
Life History
The CAGN occurs in coastal Southern California and Baja California year-round, where it I depends on a variety of and scrub habitats. The CAGN occurs mainly on cismontane slopes
(coastal side of the mountains) in Southern California, ranging from Ventura and northern Los
I Angeles counties south through the Palos Verdes Peninsula to Orange, Riverside, San
Bernardino, and San Diego counties. The species' range continues south to El Rosario, Mexico.
Initially it was reported that 99% of all CAGN locality records occurred at or below an elevation
of 984 feet AMSL Atwood (1990; Atwood and Bolsinger 1992). Since that time, data collected
at higher elevations show that the species may occur as high as 3,000 feet AMSL, but that more
1 . than 99% of the known CAGN locations occurred below 2,500 feet AMSL (65 FR 63680).
Because of the natural topography of the Southern California hills and mountain ranges, most of
the higher-elevation locations are more inland, where population densities tend to be much lower
I than coastal populations.
The CAGN typically Occurs in or near coastal scrub, vegetation that is composed of relatively
I low-growing, dry-season deciduous and succulent plants. Characteristic plants of this community
include California sagebrush (Artemisia caljfornica), various species of sage (Salvia spp.),
California buckwheat (Eriogonum fasciculatum), lemonadeberry (Rhus integrjfolia, California I bush sunflower (Encelia calfornica), and cactus (e.g., Opuntia spp.). CAGNs also occur in
chaparral, grassland, and riparian vegetation communities where the coastal scrub community is
I close by (Bontrager 1991). The use of these vegetation communities appears to be most frequent
during late summer, autumn, and winter, with smaller numbers of birds using such areas during
the breeding season. The CAGN tends to occur most frequently within the California
I sagebrush-dominated stands on mesas, gently sloping areas, and along the lower slopes of the
Coast Ranges (Atwood 1990). The CAGN occurs in high frequencies and densities in coastal
I scrub communities with an open, or broken canopy, whereas it is absent from coastal scrub
dominated by tall shrubs and occurs in low frequencies and densities in low coastal scrub with a
closed canopy (Weaver 1998).
I . 7094-03 DUDEK 2 May 2012
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Liz Ketabian
Subject. 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
CAGNs glean insects and spiders from foliage of shrubs, primarily California buckwheat and
coastal sagebrush (Atwood 1993). Their diet is primarily composed of spiders but is also
composed of wasps, bees, and ants (Burger et al. 1999). CAGN habitat use has been positively
associated with total insect species richness and total individual insect abundance (County of
Riverside 2008).
CAGNs nests usually are located in a small shrub or cactus one to three feet above the ground.
Territory size varies and is influenced by season and locale (Preston et al. 1998), but is unrelated
to vegetation structure (Braden et al. 1997). During the breeding season, territories in coastal
areas are often smaller—averaging 5.7 acres (Atwood et al. 1998)—than those in more inland
regions, which average 8.4 acres (Braden et al. 1997). Bailey and Mock (1998) observed juvenile
dispersal distances averaging less than 1.9 miles from -the nest territory and the longest.
documented juvenile dispersal is about 9.9 miles (Mock 2004). Based on an exponential
dispersal model fitted to Rancho San Diego dispersal data; Bailey and Mock (1998) estimated
that the CAGN is capable of dispersing up to 13.5 miles.
Critical Habitat
I On April 24, 2003, the USFWS published the Proposed Rule determining the critical habitat of
the CAGN on approximately 495,795 acres of land in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San
Bernardino, San Diego, and Ventura counties (68 FR 20228). The Proposed Rule delineated
I lands as critical habitat into 13 critical habitat units, described each unit, and set forth the reasons
for proposing the unit as critical habitat.
On April 8, 2004, the USFWS published the notice of availability of the draft economic analysis
for the proposed designation of critical habitat of the gnatcatcher (69 FR 18516). The draft
economic analysis, dated February 24, 2004, was prepared for the USFWS by Economic &
Planning Systems, Inc.
I On December 19, 2007, the USFWS published the Revised Designation of Critical Habitat for
the CAGN (72 FR 72010-72213). The Revised Designation reduced the final critical habitat
designation by 298,492 acres from the 2003 Proposed Rule.
I Recoveiy Plan
No recovery plan for the CAGN has been published.
I , 7094-03 DUDEK 3 May 2012
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Liz Ketabian
Subject: 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
Threats
The CAGN has declined due to widespread destruction of its coastal scrub habitat (Atwood
1990). It was estimated as early as the 1970s that up to 90% of coastal scrub has been lost as a
result of development and land conversion (Westman 1981; Barbour. and Major 1977), and
coastal scrub is considered to be one of the most depleted habitat types in the United States
(Kirkpatrick and Hutchinson 1977; Axelrod 1978; Klopatek et al. 1979, Westman 1987; O'Leary
1990). In addition, agricultural use, such as grazing and field crops, urbanization, air pollution,
increases in fire frequency, and the introduction of exotics have all had an adverse impact on the
extant coastal scrub vegetation community. In particular, high fire frequencies and the lag period
associated with recovery of the vegetation may significantly reduce the viability of affected
subpopulations of the CAGN (56 FR 47053-47060). Increased competition with introduced
Mediterranean annual grasses may cause coastal scrub stand-thinning (Minnich and Dezzani
1998). Another significant threat to the CAGN is the increased risk of predation, which is the
most common cause of'nest failures for the CAGN (Grishaver et al. 1998). Nest predators are
numerous and especially include native snakes, but also urban-adapted birds such ravens (Corvus
corax) and crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos), mesopredators such as common raccoon (Procyon
lojor) and Virginia opossum (Dideiphis virginiana), California ground squirrel (Spermophilus
beecheyi), and coyote (Canis latrans) (Grishaver et al. 1998). The CAGN also may be
parasitized by the brown-headed cowbird (Molothrus ater), although the cowbird's contribution
to nest failure varies in different areas (Grishaver et al. 1998). Several other potential human- or
development-related factors may affect CAGNs. Construction-related impacts include dust; noise
and ground vibration; increased human activity in close proximity to nesting and foraging areas;
and lighting, which may alter behavior, induce physiological stress, and increase predation risk.
Long-term effects related to development include increased human activity; noise; lighting;
pesticides, which may reduce prey and cause secondary poisoning; and predation and harassment
by pet, stray, and feral cats and dogs.
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LOCATION
The Crossings at Carlsbad project area is located approximately one mile to the east of Interstate
5 in the City of Carlsbad (Figure 1). Palomar Airport Road forms the southern boundary, Hidden
Valley Road forms the western boundary, and Faraday Avenue forms the northern boundary
(Figure 2). The project area lies in the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5 minute topographic
maps, Encinitas and San Luis Rey quadrangles on unsectioned lands; Township 12 South,
Range 4 West.
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7094-03
May 2012
Liz Ketabian
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Subject: 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego Couly, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
METHODS
CAGN surveys were conducted during the CAGN breeding season, at two to four week intervals
between March 8 and May 11, 2012 (Table 1). Surveys were conducted by Dudek biologists
Paul M. Lemons (PML; TE051248-4) and Thomas Liddicoat (TSL; TE139634-1). The surveys
were conducted to determine CAGN occupancy of the study area and to monitor annual CAGN
reproductive success for each pair during the survey period.
Table 1
2012 Survey Conditions - Coastal California Gnatcatcher Monitoring
Survey
Pass Date -
Biologist's
Initials Time . Survey Conditions (skies, wind, temp)
1
3/8/12 PML 0740-1130 61-65 degrees Fahrenheit (°F); 0% cloud cover (cc), 0-7 mile per
hour (mph) winds
3/9/12 PML ' 0730-1115 58-72°F; 0% cc; 0-5 mph winds
3/12/12 PML 0800-1200 57-65°F, 0% cc, 0-6 mph winds
3/20/12 TSL 0700-1335 47-58°F, 10-0% cc, 0-8 mph winds
3/21/12 TSL 0620-1240 46-64°F, 10-0% cc, 0-6 mph winds
TSL 0630-1200 47-64°F, 0% cc, calm wind
2
4/12/12 TSL 0620-1210 53-66°F, 15-0% cc, 1-7 mph winds
4/13/12 TSL 0622-1200 53-64°F, 10-0% cc, 04 mph winds
4/17/12 PML 0700-1200 63-67°F, 0% cc, 0-3 mph winds
4/18/12 PML 0710-1145 62-64°F, 100-20% cc, 0-4 mph winds
5/1/12 PML 0710-1100 60-61°F, 100% cc, 0-3 mph winds
5/2/12 PML 0725-1150 60-65°F, 100-90% cc, 0-5 mph winds
5/10/12 TSL 0650-1300 58-70°F, 100-0% cc, 0-10 mph winds
5/11/12 TSL 0615-1205 1 60-67°F, 90-0% cc, 0-5 mph winds
The surveys consisted of walking meandering transects within suitable habitat and mitigation
areas to determine locations of occupied CAGN territories and the breeding status of CAGN
pairs. Interstitial golf course sage scrub revegetation areas also were surveyed. All identified
CAGN territories and subsequent nest locations were mapped in the field onto a 200-scale
(1 inch = 200 feet) aerial map 6f the site. While surveying, a tape recording of CAGN
vocalizations was played approximately every 50-100 feet when in suitable habitat to induce
CAGN responses. Once a CAGN was detected, tape playback stopped to minimize harassment.
During monitoring of occupied CAGN territories, tape playback was restricted to pair detection
when the birds could not otherwise be found, or areas where CAGN had not yet been found. For
7094-03 DUDEK 5 May 2012
I
Liz Ketabian
Subject: 2012 Post-Construction California .Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
I / at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
most pairs, tape playback was not necessary after the first visit because their location was
known. If they were difficult to locate, then tape playback was used. For pairs thatwere observed
I incubating eggs or feeding nestlings, biologists generally did not inspect the nest contents in
order to minimize harassment during the surveys. Breeding attempts were not considered
I successful unless biologists observed offspring fledged from the nest.
Breeding season observed CAGN Use Areas were mapped for each pair based on the combined
I observed CAGN Use Areas during the monitoring passes in 2011. Other monitoring activities
included the recording of all other wildlife identified on site during monthly surveys (Appendix
A). Binoculars (8 x 42) were used to aid in monitoring and the detection and identification of all
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encountered species.
The surveys were generally conducted in conformance with current USFWS survey guidelines
for the Natural Community Conservation Plan (NCCP) enrolled areas. Weather conditions, time
of day, and season were appropriate for the detection of CAGN and other wildlife (Table 1).
I Monitoring was conducted under authority of Federal 10a (16 USC 1533 [d] - 50 CFR 17.32)
Permit Numbers TE051248-4 (Paul Lemons) and TE139634-2 (Thomas Liddicoat).
I RESULTS. • •
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General
A total of 46 adult gnatcatchers (23 pairs) were determined to occur within the project area
during the 2012 breeding season. This is an increase of three pairs from the 2011 season, nine
I pairs from the 2010 season, an increase of ten pairs from the 2009 season, an increase of
thirteen pairs from the 2008 breeding season, and an increase of fifteen pairs from the 2007
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breeding season.
The 2012 survey season was an abbreviated schedule that ended in May 2012. The schedule was
I shortened to coincide with the end of the 5-year maintenance and monitoring period for The •
Crossings mitigation program. Survey results are therefore partial and do not reflect an entire
breeding season as in past years.
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An index map of CAGN use areas is presented in Figure 3. Approximate CAGN observed use
areas, nest locations, and observed family group locations are presented in Figures 4 through 26.
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7094-03
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Liz Ketabian
Subject: 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
Reproductive Monitoring :
In 2012, basic reproductive monitoring was conducted for all 23 CAGN pairs located in the study. area
with the.goal of estimating annual minimum reproductive success for each pair and for the project area
as a whole. Because monitoring visits were scheduled at two- to four-week intervals beginning in
March and ending in May, it was not feasible to determine the exact number of nesting attempts or the
total number of eggs or nestlings associated with each pair. However, based on the number of nests
located, nesting activity observations, fledgling observations, and intervals between cohorts, it is
estimated that a minimum total of 18 nesting attempts were made by CAGN on site from March 8th to
May 11th, 2012. This resulted in 12 fledglings observed as family groups with adult pairs.
Table 2 summarizes the observed reproductive data collected for each CAGN pair. Specific data
for each CAGN pair, as well as pair summaries, are provided in Tables 3-23.
CAGN Nests
In total, 19 nests were located within The Crossings at Carlsbad project area in 2012. This
number likely underestimates the total number of nests built by the 23 pairs on site. No direct
incidences of brown-headed cowbird nest parasitism were observed on site in 2012. Brown-
headed cowbird trapping occurred on site between March 15 and May 15, 2012.
Table 2
Observed 2012 California Gnatcatcher Reproductive Data*
Pair ID c
Nesting
Aftemptst
Nests
Located
Nest
o Faiktres o
Nest
Successes
Breeding Behavior Not
Displayed
Total
Fledglings'
Tee 1 Pair 1 1 . 0 0 0 0
Hole 1 Pair 2 2 1 1 0 3
Tee 2 Pair 0 0 0 0 1 0
Tee 3Pair 0 0 0 0 . 1 0
Tee 5Pair 1 1 1 0 0 0
Hole Pair 0 0 0 0 1 0
Tee 7 Pair 1 1 1 0 0 0
Tee 8 Pair 2 2 1 1 0 . 3
Hole Pair 1 1 , 0 i 1 0 3
Hole 9 Pair. 0 0 0 0 . .1 0
Tee 10 Pair 1 1 0 1 0 3
Hole 10 Pair 0 0 0 0 1 0
Tee 11 Pair 1 1 . 1 0 0 0
Hole 11 Pair 0 0 0 0 1 0
7094-03 DUDEK . 7 . May 2012.
Liz Ketabian
Subject. 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad; San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
/
Table 2
- Observed 2012 California Gnatcatcher Reproductive Data*
Pair ID
Nesting
Attempts
Nests
Located
Nest -
Failures
Nest
Successes
Breeding Zelhavior Not
Displayed
Total -
Fledglings
-Hole 12 Pair (new in 2 2
2012)
2 0 0 0
Tee 13 Pair 1 1 1 0 0 0
Hole 13 Pair 1 1 1 0 0 0
Hole 14 Pair 1 1 0 0 0 0
Hole 15 Pair 1 1 1 0 0 0
Hole 16 Pair 1 1
(new in 2012)
1 0 0 0
Hole 17 Pair 0 0 0 / 0 1 0
Tee 18 Pair 1 1 1 0 0 0
Hole 18 Pair 1
(new in 2012)
1 0 0 0
Total 19 19 13 4 7 12
*Includes observed data only, and does not include estimated nesting attempts. Nests were not located for all nesting attempts.
'Table 3
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Tee 1 Pair
CAGN Nest
Nest Date Observed1 Contents2 Status3 Outcome4 Fledged
- 3/8/12 1M IF - Pair observed - -
Teel Pair , foraging
1 4/17/12 1M, IF - Pair nest building - -
- 5/2/12 1M, IF, 3
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Pair observed
- -
nestlings feeding 3 nestlings
Total 1 3 visits IM, IF, 3
- - nestlings.
Tee 1 Pair Summary:
The Tee 1 Pair made at least one breeding attempt in 2012. This pair was observed building a nest during the April visit, then observed in early
May bringing food back to 3 nestlings. Breeding attempts were not considered successful unless biologists observed offspring that fledged from
the nest. It is possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed.
1. CAGN Observed contains a record of all gnatcatchers located in a territory during a particular site visit.
2 Nest Contents provides a quantitative record (e.g., four eggs) of nest contents based on visual inspection as well as a non-quantitative description of
nest contents when a nest inspection was not done but type of contents were known based on timing and behavior (e.g., eggs or nestlings).
Status is generally based on direct observation of breeding pairs and/or their active nests. Unknown status means a breeding pair was not
located during as site visit and/or the pairs' breeding status could not be determined.
4. Outcome provides a record of whether a particular nesting attempt failed or succeeded. If a nest failed, the specific category of failure (e.g.,
abandoned or depredated) is provided. If the cause of failure is unknown, the general term Failed' is given.
7094-03 DUDEI( . 8 May 2012
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Liz Ketabian
Subject. 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
Table 4
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Hole 1 Pair
CAGN Nest
Nest . Date Observed' Conte6ts2 Status3 Outcome4 Fledged.
1 3/8/12 11VI, iF - Pair nest building - -
1 4/17/12 1M iF
" Pair observed Hole I Pair
incubating eggs
- 5/1/12 1M, iF 3 Pair observed with Successful 3 fledglings - fledglings
Total 2 3 visits im, 1F,
- S - I Successful 3 fledglings
Hole 1 Pair Summary:
The Hole 1 pair made at least one successful nesting attempt in 2012. This pair was observed nest building on 318112, then during the April visit
the Hole 1 pair was observed incubating eggs on a different nest than the one observed in March. The Hole 1 pair was observed bringing food
to 3 newly fledged young on 5/1/12. It is possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed.
1. CAGN Observed contains a record of all gnatcatchers located in a territory during a particular site visit.
Nest Contents provides a quantitative record (e.g., four eggs) of nest contents based on visual inspection as well as a non-quantitative description of
nest contents when a nest inspection was not done but We of contents were known based on liming and behavior (e.g., eggs or nestlings).
3. Status is generally based on direct observation of breeding pairs and/or their active nests. Unknown status means a breeding pair was not
located during as site visit and/or the pairs breeding status could not be determined.
S4 Outcome provides a record of whether a particular nesting attempt failed or succeeded. If a nest failed, the specific category of failure (e.g.,
abandoned or depredated) is provided. If the cause of failure is unknown, the general term Failed is given.
Table 5
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Tee 2Pair
CAGN Nest
Nest Date Observed1 11, Contents2 Status3 Outcome4 Fledged
- 3/8/12 1M, iF -
Pair observed - -
_______ ____________ foraging __________________ _____________ Tee2 Pair
- 4/18/12 1M, iF - 1g?gservedfora
— 5/1/12 1M, iF - Pair
gfora?e11&l ng
Total 0 3 visits IM, IF - - - - -
Tee 2 Pair Summary:
No breeding behavior was observed by the Tee 2 Pair in 2012. This pair was observed foraging on all survey visits. No nests or offspring were
observed during the 2012 monitoring effort. It is possible that nesting attempts were made but not observed.
7094-03
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Liz Ketabian
Subject. 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
/ Table
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Tee 3Pair
CAGN Nest
Nest Date .. Observed1 Contents2 Status3 I Outcome4 Fledged
- 3/9/12 1M, iF / -
Pair observed
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_____________ _____________ foraging Tee 3 Pair
- 4/18/12 1M, iF -
Pa :g erveding - -
— 5/1/12 1M, iF - Pair gcerved
fora T -
Total 0 3 visits IM, IF - - -. -
Tee 3 Pair Summary:
. 4
No breeding behavior was observed by the Tee 3 Pair in 2012. This pair was observed foraging on all survey visits. No nests or offspring were
observed during the 2012 monitoring effort. It is possible that nesting attempts were made but not observed.
CAGN Observed contains a record of all gnatcatchers located in a territory during a particular site visit.
Nest Contents provides a quantitative record (e.g., four eggs) of nest contents based on visual inspection as well as a non-quantitative
description of nest contents when a nest inspection was not done but type of contents were known based on timing and behavior (e.g., eggs or
nestlings).
Status is generally based on direct observation of breeding pairs and/or their active nests. Unknown status means a breeding pair was not
located during as site visit and/or the pairs' breeding status could not be determined.
Outcome provides a record of whether a particular nesting attempt failed or succeeded. If a nest failed, the specific category of failure (e.g.,
abandoned or depredated) is provided. If the cause of failure is unknown, the general term Failed is given.
/ . Table
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Tee S Pair
CAGN Nest I
Nest Date Observed' Contents2 Status! Outcome4 Fledged
1 3/12/12 -1M, iF - Pair nest building - -
Tee 5 Pair Pair
- 4/18/12 1M, iF . - Og?rved ng Failed -
— 5/1/12 1M, iF -
Pa:gobseI•Vedfor — - ing
Total 1 3 visits 11M, 1F - — I Failed 0
Tee 5 Pair Summary:
The Tee 5 pair made at least one nesting attempt in 2012, failing to produce offspring. The pair was observed building a nest during the first -
visit in March. During the April visit, the nest had been abandoned and the pair was foraging and not displaying any breeding behavior. The
Tee 5 pair was observed foraging during the May visit. It is possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed.
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Liz Ketabian (
Subject: 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
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1 Table
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Hole 6 Pair
CAGN Nest
Nest Date Observed1 Contents2 Status3 Outcome4 Fledged
- 3/12/12 IM, 1F - Pair observed - -
_______ ____________ ______________ ___________ foraging Hole 6 Pair
- 4/18/12 1M iF - Pair observed - -
foraging
- 5/1/12 1M iF - Pair observed - -
foraging
Total 0 3visits IM, IF - - - -
Hole 6 Pair Summary:
No breeding behavior was observed by the Hole 6 Pair in 2012. This pair was observed foraging on all survey visits. No nests or offspring were
observed during the 2012 monitoring effort. It is possible that nesting attempts were made but not observed.
CAGN Observed contains a record of all gnatcatchers located in a territory during a particular site visit.
Nest Contents provides a quantitative record (e.g., four eggs) of nest contents based on visual inspection as well as a non-quantitative
description of nest contents when a nest inspection was not done but type of contents were known based on timing and behavior (e.g., eggs
or nestlings).
Status is generally based on direct observation of breeding pairs and/or their active nests. Unknown status means a breeding pair was not
located during as site visit and/or the pairs' breeding status could not be determined.
Outcome provides a record of whether a particular nesting attempt failed or succeeded. If a nest failed, the specific category of failure (e.g.,
abandoned or depredated) is provided. If the cause of failure is unknown, the general term Failed is given.
Table 9
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
- Tee 7Pair
CAGN Nest
Nest Date Observed1 Contents2 Status3 Outcome4 Fledged
1 3/9/12 1M, iF - Pair nest building - -
Tee 7 Pair
- 4/18/12 IM, iF - Pair g?e1d Failed
5/1/12
fora
-
ng
1M, iF - Pair gcerved - - fora
Totals ' 1 3 visits IM, IF - - . I Failed 0
Tee 7 Pair Summary: /
The Tee 7 pair made at least one nesting attempt in 2012, failing to produce offspring. The pair was observed building a nest during the first
visit in March. During the April visit, the nest had been abandoned and the pair was foraging and not displaying any breeding behavior. The
Tee 7 pair was observed foraging during the May visit. It is possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed.
- , 7094-03
DUDEK . . 11 May 2012
Liz Ketabian
Subject. 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
Table 10'
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Tee 8Pair
CAGN- Nest.
Nest Date Observed' Contents2 Status3 Outcome4 Fledged
1 3/8/12 1M, iF - Pair nest building - -
March nest
Tee 8 Pair 1 4/17/12 1M iF 3 abandoned. Pair Faded - nestlings observed feeding 3
nestlings
- 5/2/12 1M iF 3 Pair observed with Successful 3 fledglings - fledglings
Total 2 3visits IM,IF,3 - - - I Failed,1
fledglings Successful
Tee 8 Pair Summary:
The Tee 8 pair made at least one successful nesting attempt in 2012. This pair was observed nest building on 3/8/12, then during the April visit
the Tee 8 pair was observed incubating eggs on a different nest than the one observed in March. The Tee 8 pair was observed as a family
group with 3 fledglings on 5/2112. It is possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed.
CAGN Observed contains a record of all gnatcatchers located in a territory during a particular site visit.
Nest Contents provides a quantitative record (e.g., four eggs) of nest contents based on visual inspection as well as a non-quantitative description of
nest contents when a nest inspection was not done but type of contents were known based on timing and behavior (e.g., eggs or nestlings).
Status is generally based on direct observation of breeding pairs and/or their active nests. Unknown status means a breeding pair was not
located during as site visit and/or the pairs breeding status could not be determined.
1. Outcome provides af record of whether a particular nesting attempt failed or succeeded. If a nest failed, the specific category of failure (e.g.,
abandoned or depredated) is provided. If the cause of failure is unknown, the general term'Failed' is given.
Table 11
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Hole 8 Pair
CAGN Nest
Nest Date Observed1 Contents2 Status3 Outcome4 Fledged
.1 3/8/12 1M, iF - Pair nest building - - Hole Pair
- 4/17/12 1M,
- Pair observed Successful 3 glings . with fledglings fled
-. 5/2/12 Not detected - Not detected - -
Total 1 3 visits
I
1M, 1F,
- I Successful 3 fledglings -
Hole 8 Pair Summary:
The Hole 8 pair made at least one successful nesting attempt in 2012, producing at least 3 fledglings. Observation of nest building occurred
during the March visit with 3 fledglings observed during the following visit in April. The Hole 8 pair was not observed during the May visit. It is
possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed. .
7094-03 DUDEK 12 May 2012
1.
.1
I
I
I
I
I
I.
'I
I;
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Liz Ketabian
Subject. 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
Table 12
-
. 2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Hole 9 Pair
Hole Pair
Nest Date
CAGN
Observed1
Nest
Contents2
.
Status3 Outcome4 Fledged
- 3/8/12 1M, iF - Pair observed foraging - -
4/17/12 1M, iF - Pair observed foraging - -
— 5/2/12 1M, iF - Pair observed foraging I -
Total 0 3visits 1M, IF - - - _m
I
Hole 9 Pair Summary:
No breeding behavior was observed by the Hole 9 Pair in 2012. This pair was observed foraging on all survey visits. No nests or offspring were
observed during the 2012 monitoring effort. It is possible that nesting attempts were made but not observed.
CAGN Observed contains a record of all gnatcatchers located in a territory during a particular site visit.
Nest Contents provides a quantitative record (e.g., four eggs) of nest contents based on visual inspection as well as a non-quantitative
description of nest contents when a nest inspection was not done but type of contents were known based on timing and behavior (e.g., eggs
or nestlings).
' Status is generally based on direct observation of breeding pairs and/or their active nests. Unknown status means a breeding pair was not
located during as site visit and/or the pairs' breeding status could not be determined.
4. Outcome provides a record of whether a particular nesting attempt failed or succeeded. If a nest failed, the specific category of failure (e.g.,
abandoned or depredated) is provided. If the cause of failure is unknown, the general term Failed" is given.
Table 13
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Tee 10 Pair
- -. CAGN ' : Nest • I .. . ,•, .
Nest ° Date Observed' ' ConteTits2 Status!. Outcome4 Fledged
3/20/12 1M, iF Pair observed
Tee 10 Pair , foraging
1 4/13/12 1M, iF - Pair nest building
- 5/10/12 1 M, iF, 3 fledglings -
Pair observed with Successful 3 fledglings
Total 1 3 visits I M, IF, 3 fledglings - . -
. successful
Tee 10 Pair Summary:
The Tee 10 Pair made at least one successful breeding attempt in 2012. This pair was observed building a nest during the April visit, then
observed with 3 fledglings in May. It is possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed.
Ii 7094-03 DUDEK . 13 May 2012
I
Liz Ketabian .
Subject. 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
I
. at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
I
I
I
I
I
p
I
I
I,
I
I
-I:
I
I
I,
I ,
Table 14
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Hole 10 Pair
Hole 10 Pair
Nest. Date.
CAGN
Observed',
.Nest
Contents2
- ..
Status3 Out6ome4 Fledged
- 3/20/12 1M, iF - Pair observed foraging - -
— 4/13/12 . 11M, iF - Pair observed foraging - -
— 5/10/12 1M, iF - Pair observed foraging - -
Total 0 3visits 1M, 1F I - - - -
Hole 10 Pair Summary:
No breeding behavior was observed by the Hole 10 Pair in 2012. This pair was observed foraging on all survey visits. No nests or offspring
were observed within the Hole 10 pair Use Area during the 2012 monitoring effort. It is possible' that nesting attempts were made but not
observed.
CAGN Observed contains a record of all gnatcatchers located in a territory during a particular site visit.
Nest Contents provides a quantitative record (e.g., four eggs) of nest contents based on visual inspection as well as a non-quantitative
description of nest contents when a nest inspection was-not done but type of contents were known based on timing and behavior (e.g., eggs
or nestlings).
Status is generally based on direct observation of breeding pairs and/or their active nests. Unknown status means a breeding pair was not
located during as site visit and/or the pairs' breeding status could not be determined.
Outcome provides a record of whether a particular nesting attempt failed or succeeded. If a nest failed, the speôific category of failure (e.g.,
abandoned or depredated) is provided. If the cause of failure is unknown, the general term Failed is given.
Table 15
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Tee 11 Pair
. CAGN Nest
Nest -- Date -Observed' . Contents2 . Statuè - . .Outcome4 Fledged
1 3/21/12 1M, iF - Pair nest building - -
Pair observed Tee 11 Pair 4/12/12 11M, iF - foraging, nest Failed -
abandoned
- 5/10/12 1 M iF -
Pair observed - -
_ ______________ foraging
Total 1 1 3 visits IM, IF - - I Failed - -
Tee 11 Pair Summary:
The Tee 11 pair made at least one nesting attempt in 2012, failing to produce offspring. The pair was observed building a nest during the first
visit in March. During the April visit, the nest had been abandoned and the pair was foraging and not displaying any breeding behavior. The
Tee 11 pair was observed foraging during the May visit. It is possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed.
7094-03
14 May 2012 -
I
Liz Ketabian -
Subject. 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
I
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
I Table 16
- 2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Hole 11 Pair
Hole 11 Pair
Nest Date
CAGN
Observed' '
Nest
Contents2 Status3 Outcome4 Fledged
- 3/21/12 1M, iF - Pair observed foraging - -
— 4/12/12 1M, iF - Pair observed foraging - -
— 5/10/12 1M, iF - Pair observed foraging - -
Total 0 3visits I 1M, IF - - - -
Hole 11 Pair Summary:
No breeding behavior was observed by the Hole 11 Pair in 2012. This pair was observed foraging on all survey visits. No nests or offspring
were observed within the Hole 11 pair Use Area during the 2012 monitoring effort. It is possible that nesting attempts were made but not
observed.
CAGN Observed contains a record of all gnatcatchers located in a territory during a particular site visit.
Z Nest Contents provides a quantitative record (e.g., four eggs) of nest contents based on visual inspection as well as a non-quantitative description of
nest contents when a nest inspection was not done but We of contents were known based on timing and behavior (e.g., eggs or nestlings). -
Status is generally based on direct observation of breeding pairs and/or their active nests. Unknown status means a breeding pair was not
located during as site visit and/or the pairs' breeding status could not be determined. /
Outcome provides a record of whether a particular nesting attempt failed or succeeded. If a nest failed, the specific category of failure (e.g.,
abandoned or depredated) is provided. If the cause of failure is unknown, the general term Failed" is given.
Table 17
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Hole 12 Pair
• -CAGN°° Nest
Nest Date Observed' Contents2 Status3 Outcome4 Fledged
1 3/22/12 1M, iF - Pair nest building - -
11Pair nest building, Hole 12 Pair
'New in 2012' 1 4/12/12 IM, iF - March nest Failed -
abandoned
Pair observed
-J 5/10/12 1M, 1F - foraging, Apnl nest Failed -
abandoned ______
Total 2 3 visits I M, IF -. - 2 Failed -
Hole 12 Pair Summary:
-
The Hole 12 pair made at least two nesting attempts in 2012, failing to produce offspring. The Hole 12 pair was observed nest building during
both the March and April visits. Both nests were observed to be either abandoned or destroyed during subsequent visits. The Hole 12 pair was
observed foraging during the May visit. It is possible that nesting attempts were made but not observed.
( 7094-03 DUDEK . 15 • May 2012
(1
CAGN Nest
Nest Date Observed' Contents2 Status3. Outcome" Fledged
Tee 13Pair 1 3/22/12 1M, iF - Pair observed nest building - -
4/13/12 1M iF - Pair observed foraging,
nest abandoned Failed -
- 5/11/12 1M, 1F - Pair observed foraging - -
Total 1 3 visits IM, IF - - I Failed 0
Tee 13 Pair Summary:
The Tee 13 pair made at least one nesting attempt in 2012, failing to produce offspring. The pair was observed building a nest during the first
visit in March. During the April visit, the nest had been abandoned and the pair was foraging and not displaying any breeding behavior. The
Tee 13 pair was observed foraging during the May visit. It is possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed.
1. CAGN Observed contains a record of all gnatcatchers located in a territory during a particular site visit.
- Nest Contents provides a quantitative record (e.g., four eggs) of nest contents based on visual inspection as well as a non-quantitative description of
nest contents when a nest inspection was not done but type of contents were known based on timing and behavior (e.g., eggs or nestlings).
' Status is generally based on direct observation of breeding pairs and/or their active nests. Unknown status means a breeding pair was not
located during as site visit and/or the pairs' breeding status could not be determined. -
4. Outcome provides a record of whether a particular nesting attempt failed or succeeded. If a nest failed, the speific category of failure (e.g.,
abandoned or depredated) is provided. If the cause of failure is unknown, the general term "Failed" is given.
.1
Table 19
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Hole 13 Pair
CAGN Nest
- - -) 0
Nest Date . Observed' Contents2 Status3 Outcome4 Fledged
1 3/21/12 1M, iF Pair observed nest
building - -
Pair observed Hole 13 Pair
- 4/12/12 1M, iF - - foraging, nest Failed -
' abandoned
- 5/11/12 1M - Male only - -
observed foraging
Total 1 3 visits I IM, IF -( - I Failed 0
Hole 13 Pair Summary:
The Hole 13 pair made at least one nesting attempt in 2012, failing to produce offspring. The pair was observed building a nest'during the first
visit in March. During the April visit, the nest had been abandoned and the pair was foraging and not displaying any breeding behavior. The
Hole 13 male was observed foraging during the May visit. It is possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed.
7094-03 DUDEK 16 May 2012
11
I
I
I]
I
I.
I
I
I
I
I
I
Si
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
Liz Ketabian
Subject: 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
Table 18
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Tee 13 Pair
Liz Ketabian
Subject: 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
andTE139634-1
Table 20
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Hole 14 Pair
- ' CAGN Nest
Nest Date Observed' Contents2 Status3 Outcome4 Fledged
- 3/22/12 1M iF - Pair observed - -
_________ __________
foraging _________________ ___________ Hole 14 Pair
- 4/13/12 1 M 1F ' - Pair observed
foraging
1 5/11/12 1M iF - Pair observed nest - -' building
Total I 3visits I 1M, 1F - - - -
Hole 14 Pair Summary:
The Hole 14 Pair made at least one breeding attempt in 2012. This pair was observed foraging during the first two visits in March and April. On
5/11/12, the Hole 14 pair was observed building a nest. Breeding attempts were not considered successful unless biologists observed offspring
fledged from the nest. It is possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed.
1' CAGN Observed contains a record of all gnatcatchers located in a territory during a particular site visit.
Nest Contents provides a quantitative record (e.g., four eggs) of nest contents based on visual inspection as well as a non-quantitative description of
nest contents when a nest inspection was not done but We of contents were known based on timing and behavior (e.g., eggs or nestlings).
Status is generally based on direct observation of breeding pairs and/or their active nests. Unknown status means a breeding pair was not
located during as site visit and/or the pairs' breeding status could not be determined.
4 Outcome provides a record of whether a particular nesting attempt failed or succeeded.lf a nest failed, the specific category of failure (e.g.,
abandoned or depredated) is provided. If the cause of failure is unknown, the general term Failed" is given.
Table 21
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data -
Hole 15 Pair
CAGN. Nest
Nest Date Observed' Contents? Status3 Outcome4 Fledged
1 3/22/12 1M, 1F - Pair observed nest
building ,
' Pair observed Hole 15 Pair
- 4/13/12 , 1M, iF - foraging, nest ' Failed -
abandoned
5/11/12 1M, 1F
I
- Pair gerved
fora
Total 1 3 visits IM, IF - - I Failed 0
Hole 15 Pair Summary: .
The Hole 15 pair made at least one nesting attempt in 2012, failing to produce offspring. The pair was observed building a nest during the first
visit in March. During the April visit, the nest had been abandoned and the pair was foraging and not displaying any breeding behavior. The
Hole 15 pair was observed foraging during the May visit. It is possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed.
- 17
7094-03
May 2012
LOP
(
Liz Ketabian -
Subject: 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
Table 22
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Hole 16 Pair
CAGN 7 Nest
Nest Date Observed'.- Contents2 Status3 Outcome4 Fledged
1 3/21/12 1M iF - Pair observed nest - -
Hole 16 Pair _________ _____ building -
Pair observed 'New in 2012'
- 4/12/12 1M, 1F - foraging, nest Failed -
abandoned
- 5/11/12 1M, iF,::l - i:g
erveding - -
Total 1 3 visits IM, IF I - - I Failed 0
Hole 16 Pair Summary:
The Hole 16 pair made at least one nesting attempt in 2012, failing to produce offspring. The pair was observed building a nest during the first
visit in March. During the April visit, the nest had been abandoned and the pair was foraging and not displaying any breeding behavior. The
Hble 16 pair was observed foraging during the May visit. It is possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed.
CAGN Observed contains a record of all gnatcatchers located in a territory during a particular site visit.
Nest Contents provides a quantitative record (e.g., four eggs) of nest contents based pn visual inspection as well as a non-quantitative
description of nest contents when a nest inspection was not done but type of contents were known based on timing and behavior (e.g., eggs
or nestlings). -
Status is generally based on direct observation of breeding pairs and/or their active nests. Unknown status means a breeding pair was not
located during as site visit and/or the pairs' breeding status could not be determined.
' Outcome provides a record of whether a particular nesting attempt failed or succeeded. If a nest failed, the specific category of failure (e.g.,
abandoned or depredated) is provided. If the cause of failure is unknown, the general term Failed is given.
.
Table 23
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Hole 17 Pair
Hole 17 Pair
Nest Date'.'Observed1
CAGN
J
Nest
Contents2 Status3 Outcome4 Fleded
- 3/21/12 Not detected - Not detected - -
— 4/12/12 1M, 1F - Pair observed foraging - -
— 5/11/12 1M, iF - Pair observed foraging - -
Total 0 3 visits IM, IF - - - -
Hole 17 Pair Summary: .
No breeding behavior was observed by the Hole 17 Pair in 2012. This pair was not detected during the first visit in March, then was observed
foraging during survey visits in April and May. No nests or offspring were observed within the Hole 17 pair Use Area during the 2012 monitoring
effort. It is possible that nesting attempts were made but not observed.
7094-03 DUDEK 18 . . May 2012
Liz Ketabian
Subject: 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4 FA and TE139634-1
Table 24
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Tee 18 Pair ,
CAGN Nest
Nest Date Observed1 Contents2 Status3 Outcome4 Fledged
- 3/21/12 IM, iF - .
Pair gcerved
fora
- -
1 4/12/12 1M, iF -Pair observed nest
building
- -
Tee 18 Pair
Pair observed
- 5/11/12 1M, iF - foraging, nest Failed -
abandoned
Total 1 3 visits $ IM, IF - - I Failed 0
Tee 18 Pair Summary:
The Tee 18 pair made at least one nesting attempt in 2012, failing to produce offspring. The Tee 18 pair was observed foraging during the
March visit. The pair was observed building a nest during the April visit. During the May visit, the nest had been abandoned and the pair was
foraging and not displaying any breeding behavior. It is possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed.
CAGN Observed contains a record of all gnatcatchers located in a territory during a particular site visit.
Nest Contents provides a quantitative record (e.g., four eggs) of nest contents based on visual inspection as well as a non-quantitative description of
nest contents when a nest inspection was not done but type of contents were known based on timing and behavior (e.g., eggs or nesthngs).
Status is generally based on direct observation of breeding pairs and/or their active nests. Unknown status means a breeding pair was not
located during as site visit and/or the pairs' breeding status could not be determined.
Outcome provides a record of whether a particular nesting attempt failed or succeeded. If a nest failed, the specific category of failure (e.g.,
abandoned or depredated) is provided. If the cause of failure is unknown, the general term Tailed' is given.
Table 25
2012 California Gnatcatcher Data
Hole 18 Pair
CAGN Nest,
Nest Date Observed1 Contents2 Status3 Outcome4 Fledged
1 3/20/12 1M iF -
Pair observed nest
- -
________ __________
building ________________ ___________ Hole 18 Pair Pair observed 'New in 2012'
- 4/13/12 1M, iF - foraging, nest Failed -
abandoned
5/10/12 1M ,IF - Pair observed - - foraging
Total 1 3 visits IM, IF - - 1 Failed 0
Hole 18 Pair Summary:
The Hole 18 pair made at least one nesting attempt in 2012, failing to produce offspring. The pair was observed building a nest during the first
visit in March. During the April visit, the nest had been abandoned and the pair was foraging and not displaying any breeding behavior. The
Hole 18 pair was observed foraging during the May visit, It is possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed.
-' 7094-03 DUDEK 19 . May 2012
I
Liz Ketabian
Subject: 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
I CAGN Fledglings
I A total of 12 fledglings were observed in the study area from 4 successful nesting attempts out of
19 observed total attempts. All 4 successful nesting attempts produced three fledglings per nest.
I Sixteen of the 23 total pairs on site were observd displaying breeding behavior (i.e., nest building,
incubating eggs, family groups) during 2012 monitoring visits. These 16 breeding pairs include the
Tee 1, Hole 1, Tee 5, Tee 7, Tee 8, Hole 8, Tee 10, Tee 11, Hole 12, Tee 13, Hole 13, Hole 14,
I HOle 15, Hole 16, Tee 18 pairs, and Hole 18 pairs. Of the sixteen breeding CAGN pairs on site,
more than one nesting attempt was observed by the Hole 1, Tee 8, and Hole 12 pairs in 2012.
I Breeding behavior was not observed by the Tee 2, Tee 3, Hole 6, Hole 9, Hole 10, Hole 11, and
Hole 17 pairs during 2012 monitoring visits.
I HABITAT
On site, suitable habitats are represented by disturbed and undisturbed, and restored and
I revegetated phases of CSS and Baccharis scrub.
CSS is dominated by California sagebrush, California buckwheat, coast goldenbush (Isocoma
I .. veneta), and coyote brush (Baccharis pilularis), with lesser amounts of lemonadeberry (Rhus
integrfolia) and black sage (Salvia mellfera) and occasional stands of chamise (Adenostoma
fasciculatum). Any disturbed areas of CSS on site is evidenced by the presence of weedy
invasive annuals such as black mustard (Brassica nigra), sweet fennel (Foeniculum vulgare),
slender oats (Avena barbata), and brome grass (Bromus spp.). Baccharis scrub consists of stands
I of coyote bush with patches of invasive plants such as black mustard, slender oats and fennel.
Baccharis scrub is an upland community that is closely related to CSS. Baccharis scrub typically
I develops in drainage bottoms or mesic floodplains following disturbance to the native plant
community. This community is dominated by coyote brush with a few successional elements of
the former native community, including California sagebrush, California buckwheat, coast I goldenbush, or other disturbance-tolerant native plants. The understory usually includes a variety
of non-native herbs and grasses.
I Maintenance of CSS restoration areas continued throughout the project area during the 2012
breeding season. CAGNs continued to utilize suitable CSS habitat on the golf course that was not
I impacted by construction. CSS habitat that was planted in 2.007 has grown, and become better
established and matured over the last four years. CAGN were observed foraging and nesting
I
.within mature CSS mitigation areas again in 2012, as they began utilizing these areas in 2010.
- . 7094-03
DUDEK 20 May 2012
H
I
Liz Ketabian -
Subject: 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
I Ongoing management of restored and revegetated CSS habitat areas will maximize carrying
capacity for CAGNs to reside and nest on site. Additional potential mitigation areas at Hole 16
I and Hole 4 have to potential to create, additional suitable CAGN habitat and effectively increase
the existing on-site population. Expansion of these potential habitat areas will provide resources
for dispersing fledgling CAGN to establish additional on-site breeding territories. Without new
I habitat resources, fledglings are likely to disperse off site. This is not necessarily a bad situation
because this dispersal of individuals contributes to genetic mixing within the local and regional
I CAGN population.
Brown-headed Cowbirds
I Four traps were operated from March 15 to May 15, 2012, by Dudek. Dudek removed 48
cowbirds in 2012, including 31 males and 17 females. In addition to cowbirds, 198 non-target
I , birds were captured and released. A 2012 Brown-headed Cowbird Trapping Proam Report was
prepared separately. The report recommends a reduction in the number of traps to be operated in
future years from four traps to two traps; one trap in the uplands and one trap in wetlands areas
I along McCario Canyon where wetlands mitigation has occurred. This reduction of traps is not
anticipated to have an adverse effect on the CAGN population because only traps with low
I efficiency are being eliminated.
DISCUSSION
I Distribution'
I During the 2012 breeding season, The Crossings has supported a total of 23 pairs of CAGN
(Figures 3-26). CAGN are distributed evenly within suitable habitat (i.e., mature CSS) across the
site. A steady increase in CAGN pairs since 2007 has resulted in an 'increase in the density of
I CAGN use areas within suitable CAGN habitat on site. It appears that the CAGN population at
The Crossings has 'reached, or is close to reaching its maximum carrying capacity on site. It is
I also possible that CAGN Use Areas will reduce in size for existing CAGN pairs on site, thereby
increasing on-site carrying capacity by increasing CAGN density on site.
I :Suitable gnatcatcher habitat has increased on site over the last few years as CSS restoration and
revegetation areas have matured, which has also helped accommodate an increase in CAGN
pairs. The Tee 1, Hole 1, Tee 2, Tee 3, Tee 7, Tee 8, Hole 8, Hole 9, Tee 10, Hole 10, Tee 11,
I 'Hole 11, Hole 12, Tee 13, Hole 13, Hole 14, Hole 15, Hole 16, Hole 17, Tee 18, and Hole 18
pairs all have observed use areas within CSS restoration areas. Revegetation areas (non-
1 7094-03
DUDEK : 21 May 2012
I
I
Liz ketabian .
Subject. 2012 Post-Construction Calforñia Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
U . at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
I mitigation areas) have also contributed resources to CAGN territories at the following territories:
Hole 1, Tee2, Tee5, Hole 6, Hole 14, Hole 16, and Tee 18. These occupied revegetation areas
I should be recognized for the function and services these areas contribute to gnatcatcher
territories. Consideration should be given to formalize these areas through mitigation credits as
I
mitigation land that would be managed as HMP land.
Reproductive Success
I Sixteen of the 23 total CAGN pairs displayed breeding behavior during, monitoring visits in
2012. Of the 16 breeding pairs, 4 of these pairs made successful nesting attempts. Minimally,
I observed successful nesting attempts produced three fledglings per nest for a total of 12
fledglings. It is possible that additional nesting attempts were made but not observed, and that
additional breeding attempts will occur further into the 2012 breeding season.
I At least 12 fledglings (an average of 0.75 fledglings/breeding pair) were produced on site during
the 2012 breeding season. In 2011, at least 37 fledglings (an average of 2.46 fledglings/breeding
'1 pair) were produced on site during the 2011 breeding season. In 2010, at least 29 fledglings were
produced by twelve breeding pairs (2.42 fledglings/breeding pair). In 2009, at least 17 fledglings
were produced by eight breeding pairs (2.125 fledglings/breeding pair). In 2008, at least 16
I fledglings were produced by eight breeding pairs (2.0 fledglings/breeding pair). In 2007, at least
3 fledglings were produced by five breeding pairs (0.6 fledglings/breeding pair).
I . CONCLUSION •
I In 2012, The Crossings at Carlsbad supported 23 CAGN pairs. Sixteen CAGN pairs (70% of
total CAGN pairs) were documented breeding pairs producing a total of 12 fledglings. Fledgling
production and successful nesting attempts decreased in 2012 compared to previous years. Many
of the nest failures in 2012 may be attributed to relatively consistent late season rain events.
Several nests appeared to have been destroyed after these late season rain events in 2012.
I Additionally, surveys were completed only through May 2012 to coincide with the end of the
mitigation monitoring period for the Crossings mitigation program. Additional successful
breeding attempts will likely occur further into the 2012 CAGN breeding season. Total
I reproductive data for each year from 2007 to 2012 is shown in Table 26.
7094-03 DUDEK 22 May 2012
/
Liz Ketabian
Subject. 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
Table 26
Total California Gnatcatcher Reproductive Data, 20072012*
Year.
Total Number
of Pairs
Nesting
Attempts
Nests
Located
Nest
Failures
Nest
Successes
Breeding Behavior
Not Displayed
Total
Fledglings
2007 8 5 4 2 3 3 3
2008 10 11 6 4 7 2 16
2009 13 13 12 6 7 6 17
2010 14 16 10 4 12 2 29
2011 ' 20 18 11 2 16 5 37
2012 23. 19 19 13 4 7 12
*Includes observed data only, and does not include estimated nesting attempts. Nests were not located for all nesting attempts.
In 2008, there was a considerable increase in fledgling production, likely due to CAGN
reoccupation once construction activities were completed in 2007. This, combined with adequate
rainfall, contributed to good habitat conditions and likely an abundance of food resources in
2008. In 2009, revegetation areas that support suitable CAGN habitat (i.e., CSS) began to mature
and become more established, increasing suitability for CAGN occupancy, thereby increasing
on-site carrying capacity for CAGN. In 2010, much of the CSS revegetation and mitigation areas
within the study area had become suitable CAGN habitat. This resulted in more area available to
CAGN's. In 2011 we saw continued occupation by CAGN pairs within now mature CSS
restoration and revegetation areas on site: The density of CAGN use areas within suitable
gnatcatcher habitat on site also increased in 2011.
The CAGN population at The Crossings has greatly benefitted from the habitat mitigation
program for The Crossings (restoration and revegetation) over the last six years. Carrying
capacity for CAGN has increased each year since 2007. It is likely that on-site carrying
capacity for CAGN is reaching a maximum as nearly all areas of suitable CAGN habitat on
site are occupied by CAGN. Additional areas with high potential for CAGN habitat creation
are present along the slopes south of Hole 16 'and south of Hole 4. These areas present the
greatest potential to create additional habitat resources that can further increase the on-site
CAGN population. .
7094-03 DUDEK 23 May 2012
I
Liz Ketabian.
Subject:' 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
I at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
I . Please contact me 760.479.4238 or Michael Sweesy at 760.479.4253 with any questions or
comments regarding this report.
Si
Paul ' Wildlife Biologist
Att: Figures 1-26
Appendix A - List of Wildlife Species Observed or Detected at the Project Site
cc: Recovery Permit Coordinator, US. Fish and Wildlife Service
Mark Steyaert, City of Carlsbad
I Brandon Miles, City of Carlsbad .,
Mike Grim, City of Carlsbad
Michael Sweesy, Dudek
Brock Ortega, Dudek '
7094-03
I
I.. ...
I N
DUDEK 24 . May 2012
I
Liz Ketabian
Subject. 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
I REFERENCES
I 56 FR 47053-47060. Proposed rule: "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants: Proposed
Rule to List the Coastal California Gnatcatcher as Endangered.". 1991.
I 65 FR 63680. Final rule: "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Final Determination
of Critical Habitat for the Coastal California Gnatcatcher." 2000.
' 68 FR 20228-20312. Proposed rule: "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; -
Designation of Critical Habitat for the Coastal California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila
calfornica calfornica) and Determination of Distinct Vertebrate Segment for the
I California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila calfornica)." April 24, 2003.
I , 69 FR 18515-18516. Proposed rule; reopening of public comment period: "Endangered and
Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Reopening of the Public Comment Period for the
Determination of Distinct Vertebrate Segment for the California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila
I '
californica)." April 8, 2004.
72 FR 72010-72213. "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants: Revised Designation of
I - Critical Habitat for the Coastal California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caljfornica
calfornica)." 2007.
I Atwood, J.L. 1990. Status Review of the California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica).
( Manomet, Massachusetts: Manomet Bird Observatory.
Atwood, J.L 1993. "California Gnatcatchers and Coastal Sage Scrub: The Biological Basis for
- Endangered Species Listing." In Interface between Ecology and Land Development in
California, éd. J.E. Keeley, 149-169. Los Angeles, California: Southern California
Academy of Sciences.
I , Atwood, J.L. and J.S. Bolsinger. 1992. "Elevational Distribution of California Gnatcatchers in
the United States." Journal of Field Ornithology 63:159-168.
'Atwood, J.L., S.H. Tsai, C.H. Reynolds, J.C. Luttrell and M.R. Fugagli. 1998. Factors Affecting
Estimates of California Gnatcatcher Territory Size. Western Birds 29:269-279.
1 Axelrod, D. 1978. "The Origin of Coastal Sage Vegetation, Alta and Baja California." American
Journal of Botany 65(10):1117-113.1.
1 7094-03 DUDEK 25 May 2012
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I...
Liz Ketabian
Subject: 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
I
.at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
Bailey, E.A. and P.J. Mock. 1998. "Dispersal Capability of the California Gnatcatcher: A
I
.Landscape Analysis of Distribution Data." Western Birds 29:351-360.
Barbour, M., and J. Major. 1977. Terrestrial Vegetation of Calfornia. New York, New York:
I
John Wiley and Sons.
Bontrager, D.R. 1991. Habitat Requirements, Home Range, and Breeding Biology of the
California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila californica) in South Orange County, California.
I . Prepared for Santa Margarita Co.; Rancho Santa Margarita, California. April.
Braden, G.T., R.L. McKernan, and S.M. Powell. 1997. "Association of Within-Territory
I . Vegetation Characteristics and Fitness Components of California Gnatcatchers." Auk
114:601-609.
I Burger, J.C., M.A. Patten, J.T. Rotenberry, and R.A. Redak. 1999. "Foraging Ecology of the
California Gnatcatcher Deduced from Fecal Samples." Oecologia 120:304-310.
County of Riverside. 2008. "BIRDS." Volume 2 - The MSHCP Reference Document. Western
Riverside County Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan. County of Riverside
Transportation and Land Management Agency (TLMA). Accessed October 20, 2008, at:
http://www.rctlma.org/mshcp/volume21birds.html.
Dudek. 2007. As-Built Mitigation Map.
Grishaver, M.A., P.J. Mock, and K.L. Preston. 1998. "Breeding Behavior of the California
Gnatcatcher in Southwestern San Diego County, California." Western Birds 29:299-322.
Kirkpatrick, J.B. and C.F. Hutchinson. 1977. "The Community Composition of California
Coastal Sage Scrub." Vegetation 35:21-33.
Kiopatek, J., R. Oson, C. Emerson, and J. Jones. 1979. "Land Use Conflicts with Natural
Vegetation in the United States." Environmental Conservation 6:191-199.
LSA, Inc. 1992. Pre-Construction Survey for California Gnatcatchers at the Carlsbad Municipal
Golf Course Site.
Minnich, R.A. and R.J. Dezzani. 1998. "Historical Decline of Coastal Sage Scrub in the
Riverside-Perris Plain, California." Western Birds 29:366-391.
I 7094-03 DUDEK 26 May 2012
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I
1
Liz Ketabian
Subject: 2012 Post-Construction California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report for The Crossings
at Carlsbad, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California, Permit # TE051248-4
and TE139634-1
Mock, P.J. 2004. "California Gnatcatcher (Polioptila calfornica)." California Partners in Flight
Coastal Scrub and Chaparral Bird Conservation Plan. Accessed February 11, 2008.
O'Leary, J.F. 1990. Post-Fire Diversity Patterns in Two Subassociations of California Coastal
Sage Scrub. Journal of Vegetation Science 1:173-180.
Preston, K.L., P.J. Mock, M.A. Grishaver, E.A. Bailey, and D.F. King. 1998. "California
Gnatcatcher Territorial Behavior." Western Birds 29:242-257.
Weaver, K.L. 1998. "Coastal Sage Scrub Variations of San Diego County and Their Influence on
the Distribution' of the California Gnatcatcher." Western Birds 29:392-405.
Westman, W.E. 1981. "Diversity Relations and Succession in Californian Coastal Sage Scrub."
Ecology 62:439-455. S
Westman, W.E. 1987. "Implications of Ecological Theory for Rare Plant Conservation in
Coastal Sage Scrub." In Proceedings of the Conference on Conservation and
Management of Rare and Endangered Plants, 13 3-140.. Sacramento, California:
California Native Plant Society.
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May 2012 •
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7094-03
MAY 2012 The Crossing at Carlsbad -2012 California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report
I
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7094-03
MAY 2012 The Crossing at Carlsbad -2012 California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report
Active/Passive Habitat Restoration Area
Revegetation (Seeded and Irrigated)
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Pair
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air Hole 6
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D U D E K SOURCE: DgitaIgIobe 2008 FIGURE 3
7094-03 Index Map- 2012 California Gnatcatcher Observed Use Areas
The crossings at Carlsbad -2012 California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report
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7094-3
The Crossing at Carlsbad -2012 California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report
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11112012 CAGN Observed Use Area- Non-breeding
Municipal Golf Course Boundary
Active/Passive Habitat Restoration Area
- -t- -
FIGURE 4
Tee I Pair Observed Use Area
7094-03
The Crossing at Carlsbad - 2012 California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report
I /
1HJ71j/ Li N
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"UI,
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FIGURE 10
Tee 7 Pair Observed Use Area
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7094-03
The Crossing at Carlsbad -2012 California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report
--
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Par
les
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::::
L.......... .._. ?? -J A Habita
DUDE K SOURCE: DitaIGbe2OO8 FIGURE 11
Tee 8 Pair Observed Use Area
7094-03
The Crossing at Carlsbad - 2012 California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report
Nest + 3 nestlings
4/17/12
Pair + 3 fledglings
5/2/12
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Revegetation (Seeded and Irrigated)
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D U D E K SOURCE: O,gIIa:GkDe 2008 FIGURE 13
Hole 9 Pair Observed Use Area
7094-03
The Crossing at Carlsbad -2012 California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report
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Active/Passive Habitat Restoration Area
-
/ I - ,-
_____
: \
k
0 ° 50 100Feet
DUDE K SOURCE: DitaIGobe20O8 FIGURE 15
Hole 10 Pair Observed Use Area
7094-03
The Crossing at Carlsbad - 2012 California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
1
.
•,. /
1 5sfIefl I ' 3/21/12
- / 0 Nest
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- I I 2012 CAGN Observed Use Area- Breeding
,,--
[112012 CAGN Observed Use Area- Non-breeding
( --•-- Municipal Golf Course Boundary
Revegetation (Seeded and Irrigated) ?............ .._. 1?°Feet AL J Active/Passive Habitat Restoration Area
DUDE K SOURCE: DgitaIGIobe2OO8 FIGURE 16
Tee 11 Pair Observed Use Area
7094-03
The Crossing at Carlsbad -2012 California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 Nest
it
Nest (failed) 2012 CAGN Observed Use Area- breeding (New in 2012)
4/12/12 2012 CAGN Observed Use Area- breeding
2012 CAGN Observed Use Area- non-breeding
Municipal Golf Course Boundary
VRevegetation (Seeded and Irrigated)
Active/Passive Habitat Restoration Area
—
Nest (failed)
3/22/12
t;
:iL: : ..
17
V\ \\
A
1 ' - ••(
75 150 eet d
DUDE K SOURCE: DigitalGiobe 2008 FIGURE 18
Hole 12 Pair Observed Use Area (New in 2012)
The Crossing at Carlsbad - 2012 California Griatcatcher Monitoring Report
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-c--- -- - -
40
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Municipal Golf Course Boundary
.
Revegetation (Seeded and Irrigated) 47 AL
EJ Active/Passive Habitat Restoration Area
0 75 150
--.
D U D E K SOURCE: DigitalGtobe 2008 FIGURE 21
Hole 14 Pair Observed Use Area
7AQA fl
The Crossing at Carlsbad - 2012 California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report
Nest (failed)
3/22/12
Nest
CAGN Pair -
2012 CAGN Observed Use Area- Breeding
2012 CAGN Observed Use Area- Non-breeding
Municipal Golf Course Boundary
Revegetation (Seeded and Irrigated)
J Active/Passive Habitat Restoration Area
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
II,I
CL
SL r
: -
low
I --
a
p r
- --
-
- --
- /
9 0 75 150
---------- I Feet
D Li D E K I SOURCE: DigitalGiobe 2008 - FIGURE 22
Hole 15 Pair Observed Use Area
7094-03
The Crossing at Carlsbad -2012 California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report
d
4,
- - - - - mm mm - - mm - - - - - -
:•
_ _
I
I • . - I
I41tv y
0 Nest
0 CAGN Pair
I I 2012 CAGN Observed Use Area- Breeding
I
. I 12012 CAGN Observed Use Area- Non-breeding
- —— Municipal Golf Course Boundary
V
V Revegetation (Seeded and Irrigated)
1 ........
0 50 100
_.I Feet Active/Passive Habitat Restoration Area
D U D E K SOURCE: DiiaIGbe 2008 V FIGURE 24
I Hole 17 Pair Observed Use Area
704.03 V V
The Crossing at Carlsbad -2012 California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report
I
/
Nest (failed) -
4112112 ri- 7
0 50 100,
SOURCE: D:gitalGlobe 2008 D U D E I(
7094-03
The Crossing at Carlsbad - 2012 California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report
/
0 Nest
o CAGN Pair
I 12012 CAGN Observed Use Area- Breeding
2012 CAGN Observed Use Area- Non-breeding
Municipal Golf Course Boundary
Revegetation (Seeded and Irrigated)
Active/Passive Habitat Restoration Area
FIGURE 25
Tee 18 Pair Observed Use Area
- - - - - - - - - - - - -, - - - - - -
(4VIh43!f Nest (failed)
3/20/12
NIV
0 Nest
" •1
_
- 0 CAGN Pair
II in 2012)
- •-,' ----• Municipal Golf Course Boundary
90 65 30
Ij
( Feet
:::::: Restorationrea
D U D E K SOURCE: DgitaIGiobe 2008 FIGURE 26
Hole 18 Pair Observed Use Area (New in 2012)
7094-03
The Crossing at Carlsbad -2012 California Gnatcatcher Monitoring Report
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-:
--: -
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APPENDIX A
List of Wildlife Species
I I
Observed or Detected at the Project Site
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APPENDIX A
List of Wildlife Species Observed or Detected at the Project Site
WILDLIFE SPECIES - VERTEBRATES
AMPHIBIANS
HYLIDAE - TREEFROGS
Hyla regilla - Pacific treefrog
REPTILES
IGUANIDAE— IGUANID LIZARDS
Sceloporus occidentalis - western fence lizard
TEIIDAE— WHIPTAIL LIZARDS
Cnemidophorus tigris - western whiptail
VIPERll)AE— VIPERS
Crotalus viridis - western rattlesnake
ARDEIDAE— HERONS
Ardea herodias - great blue heron
Egretta thu/a - snowy egret
ANA TIDAE— WATERFOWL
Anasplalyrhynchos - mallard
CATHARTIDAE—NEW WORLD VULTURES.
Cathartes aura - turkey vulture
ACCIPITRJDAE— HAWKS
Accipiter cooperii - Cooper's hawk
Buteojamaicensis - red-tailed hawk
PHASL4JWAE— PHEASANTS AND QUAILS
Callipepla calfornica - California quail
RALLIDAE- RAILS AND GALLINUILES
Fulica americana - American coot
I
I DUDEK A-i
7094-03
May 2012
Appendix A (Continued)
I
CHARADR!IDAE— PLOVERS
Charadrius vocferus - killdeer
LARJDAE— GULLS AND TERNS
Larussp. — gull
COLUMBIDAE— PIGEONS AND DOVES
* Columba livia - rock dove
Zenaida macroura - mourning dove
CUCULII)AE— CUCKOOS AND ROADRUNNERS
Geococcyx cal jfornianus - greater roadrunner
APODIDAE— SWIFTS
Aeronautes saxatalis - white-throated swift
TROCHILIDAE— HUMMINGBIRDS
Calypte anna - Anna's hummingbird
Calypte costae - Costa's hummingbird
FICIDAE— WOODPECKERS
Colaptes auratus - northern flicker
Picoides nuttallii - Nuttall's woodpecker
TYRANNIDAE - TYRANT FLYCATCHERS
Myiarchus cinerascens - ash-throated flycatcher
Sayornis nigricans - black phoebe
Sayornis.saya - Say's phoebe
Tyrannus vocferans - Cassin's kingbird
Tyrannus verticalis - western kingbird
HIRUNDINIDAE— SWALLOWS
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota - cliff swallow
Stelgidopteryx serripennis - northern rough-winged swallow
COR VIDAE JAYS AND CROWS
Aphelocoma calfornica - western scrub-jay
Corvus bráchyrhynchos - American crow
Corvus corax - common raven •
DUDEK
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7094-03
May 2012
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Appendix A (Continued)
AEGITHALIDAE— BUSHTITS
Psaltriparus minimus - bushtit
TROGLODYTIDAE— WRENS
Thryomanes bewickii - Bewick's wren
REGULIDAE— KINGLETS
Regulus calendula - ruby-crowned kinglet
SYL VImAF— GNATCATCHERS
Polioptila calfornica - California gnatcatcher
TIMALHDAE— LAUGHINGTHRUSH AND WRENTIT
Chamaeafasciata - wrentit
MIMIDAE— THRASHERS
Mimuspolyglottos - northern mockingbird
Toxostoma redivivum - California thrasher
STURNIDAE— STARLINGS
* Sturnus vulgaris - European starling
VIREONIDAE— VIREOS
Vireo bellii - Bell's vireo
PARULIDAE— WOOD WARBLERS
Geothlypis trichas - common yellowthroat
EMBERJZIDAE— BUNTINGS AND SPARROWS
Melospiza melodia - song sparrow
Pipilo crissalis - California towhee
Pipilo maculatus - spotted towhee
Zonotrichia leucophrys L white-crowned sparrow
CARJ)INALIDAE- CARDINALS AND GROSBEAKS
Passerina caerulea - blue grosbeak
ICTERJDAE— BLACKBIRDS AND ORIOLES
Agelaius phoeniceus - red-winged blackbird
Euphagus cyanocephalus - Brewer's blackbird
Molothrus ater brown-headed cowbird
DUDEK A-3
7094-03
May 2012
Appendix A (Continued)
FRJNGILLIDAE— FINCHES
Carpodacus mexicanus - house finch
Carduelispsaltria - lesser goldfinch
PASSERJDAE— OLD WORLD SPARROWS
* Passer domesticus - house sparrow
MAMMALS
LEPORll)AE- HARES AND RABBITS
Sylvilagus bachrnani - brush rabbit
SCIURIDAE— SQUIRRELS
Spermophilus beecheyi - California ground squirrel
GEOMYIDAE— POCKET GOPHERS
Thomomys bottae - Botta's pocket gopher
MIJRJDAE— RATS AND MICE
Neotoma lepida - desert woodrat
CANIDAE— WOLVES AND FOXES
Canis latrans - coyote
PROCYONIDAE— RACCOONS AND RELATIVES
Procyon lotor - common raccoon
MUSTELIDAE— WEASELS, SKUNKS, AND OTTERS
Mephitis. mephitis - striped skunk
Mustelafrenata - long-tailed weasel
FELmAE— CATS
Lynx rufus - bobcat
A-4
7094-03
May 2012
Appendix A (Continued)
WILDLIFE SPECIES - INVERTEBRATES
BUTTERFLIES AND MOTHS
HESPERJIDAE - SKIPPERS
Erynnisfuneralis - funereal duskywing
PAPILION!DAE— SWALLOWTAILS -
Papilio rutulus - tiger swallowtail
Papilo zelicaon lucas - anise swallowtail
PIERIDAE— WHITES AND SULFURS
Pieris rapae rapae - cabbage butterfly
Pontiaprolodice - checkered white
Colias Eurydice - California dogface
RIODINIDAE— METALMARKS
Apodemia mormo virgulti - Behr's metalmark
LYCAENIDAE— BLUES, HAIRSTREAKS, AND COPPERS
Icaria acmon acmon - acmon blue
Leptotes marina - marine blue
NYMPHALIDAE— BRUSH-FOOTED BUTTERFLIES
Danaus plexippus - monarch
Junonia coenia - buckeye
Vanessa cardui - painted lady
* signifies introduced (non-native) species
7094-03
May 2012
Appendix A (Continued) I
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