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Home My WebLink AboutCDP 02-35; HENDRIX SECOND DWELLING UNIT; STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN; 2003-04-06J- LJ Peter S. Geissler Civi: engineer Uc. C4432C Contracwr Lie. A46457C Plastino Building, Suite 230 2533 South Coast Highway 101 Cardiff-by-the-Sea, CA 92007 Office 760 -633 -4252 Fax 760 -633 -4259 Mobile 760 -815 -5054 STORM WATER POLLUTION PREVENTION PLAN BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICE (BMP's) REPORT HENDRIX ADDlTION 6 April 2003 Submitted to Department -of Engineering City of Carlsbad, California For and on behalf of Edward A. Hendrix 470 Chinquapin Avenue Carlsbad, CA · RespecGtfully· submitted, . . _ , .. er..:.;. ' ... >' <?,'f-.:-h '"'--V~:'0.A, "'t--~..'!',<:;.> '~$. ~,'~/ . --'.. --D,..V1/.0.. ~· i..::ic::-1,r,~ ... A ...-,,,..,.____.... ~ I .\-'/• -....&'\.,.~;~ @c,;-C.i4"?" ~,,\')S Ct) D¼I .)di '--n\ ·f,,. • -~ ... \•-:1' · Peter Geissler, Ph.D., P.E. <D lrn Geissler Eligineering, Civil Engineers ~ (,, f?rggJ 4k ,fENEWAL DATE -k .('~(../1 <,0.:-• V i,/, .-,,,. ..,,.... '-~-~-~i~-- '-:.~ Or CA\ \ff: · COP 6J-35 --4. BMPs FOR CONTRACTOR ACTIVITIES This chapter describes specific Best Management· . . Practices (BMPs) for common construction activities that may Pollute storm water. Chapter 2 led you through the steps of identifying activities at your site that can pollute storm water, while Chapter 3 provided guidance on BMP selection. 1his chapter will provide a list of BMPs that can be used to fit your site's needs. BMP fact sheets are provided for each of the contractor's activities, noted in the box, are consistent with Worksheet 4 in Chapter 2. Each fact sheet contains a cover sheet with: • A description of the BMP • Approach • Requirements Costs, including capital costs, and operation and maintenance (O&M) costs Maintenance (including administrative and staffing) • Limitations • References The side bar presents information on which BMP objective applies, targeted constituents, and an indic;:ation of the level of effort and costs to implement. For some BMPs, further information is· provided in additional sheets. . Construction Handbook Contractor Activities Construction Practices CAI Dewatering Operations CA2 Paving Operations ~A3 Structure Construction and Painting Material Management CAlO Material Delivery and Storage CAll Material Use CA12 Spill Prevention and Control Waste Management CA20 Solid Waste Management CA21 Hazardous Waste Management CA22 Contaminated Soil Management CA23 Concrete Waste Management CA24 Sanitary/Septic Waste Management Vehicle and Equipment Management CA30 Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning CA31 Vehicle and Equipment Fueling CA32 Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance Contractor Training CA40 Employee/Subcontractor Training These BMP fact sheets are suitable for inclusion in many storm water pollution prevention plans for typical contractor activities. Toe BMPs listed are not an exhaustive list, nor will every BMP be appropriate for every situation. Therefore, suggested BMPs which are inappropriate may be deleted and additional BMPs for specific site conditions should be added. In addition, your selection and implementation of BMPs should be reviewed on a regular basis to match the changing conditions at construction sites. 4-1 March, 1993 L g Bl ::r e tl. §' == = Q. [ .a:,. I t..» a: a., j .... ~ CA0l CA02 CA03 CAlO CAil CA12 CA20 CA21 CA22 CA23 CA24 CA30 CA31 CA32 CA40 -__ _J TABLE 4.1 CONTRACTOR ACTiVITIES AND UMP OBJECTIVES BMP OBJECTIVES PRACTICE PROTECT GOOD MINIMIZE STABILIZE SLOPES CONTROL CONTROL HOUSE-CONTAIN DISTURBED DISTURBED AND SITE INTERNAL BMP CA'fEGORY KEEPING WASTE AREA AREA CHANNEI.S PERIME'fER EROSION Construction Practices Dewaterin2 Onerations .t .t .t .t Pavin2 .Ooerations ./ -Structure Construction and Painting ./ .t Material Mana2ement · Material Deliverv and Stora2e ./ Material Use .t Spill Prevention and Control ./ Waste Mana2ement Solid Waste ManaJ?ement ./ Hazardous Waste ManaJ?ement .t . Contaminated Soil Manaeement .t .t .t .t ' Concrete Waste Mana2ement Sanitarv/Seotic Waste Management .t Vehicle and Equipment Management ,e Vehicle and Eauioment Cleaninf! .t .t .t Vehicle and Eauioment Fuelin2 .t Vehicle and Equipment ./ Maintenance Contractor Trainin2 Ernoloyee/Subcontractor Training ,/ ,/ ---------------------------~----------- - ACTIVITY: DEWATERING OPERATIONS DESCRIPflON Curt, rtlet Protection (for sediment-laden water5) Storm Drain, - ) Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from dewatering operations by using sediment controls and by testing the groundwater for pollution. . APPROACH . There are two general classes of pollutants that may result from dewatering operations; sediment, and toxics and petroleum products. A high sediment content in dewatering discharges is COJJUD.On because of the nature of the-operation. On the other hand, toxics and petroleum products are not commonly found in dewatering discharges unless, the site or surrounding area has been used for light or heavy industrial activities, or the area.has a hi$tory of groundwater contamination. The following steps will help reduce storm water pollution from dewaterint discharges: Sediroem • Use sediment controls to remove sediment from water generated by dewatering (See Sediment '.frap (ESC 55) and Sediment Basin (ESC 56) in Chapter 5). • Use filtration to remove sediment from a sediment trap or basin. Filtration can be achieved with: Sump pit and a perforated or slit standpipc:'with holes and ·wrapped in fllter fabric. The standpipe is surrolDlded by stones which fllters the water as it · collects in the pit before being pumped out.Wrapping the standpipe in filter fabric may require an increased suction inlet~ to avoid clogging and unac- ceptable pump operation. Floating suction hose to allow cleaner surface water to be pumped out. r0x;c;s aoa PctroJeum PrQduw Objectives <f!§s1kHping Pracf§p Contain Wast, Minimize Disturbld Ar111s Stabi/iz, Disturbld Ar,as Targeted Pollutants • Sediment 0 Nutrient• Q Toxic Materis1-·o Oil& Grease 0 Floatsb/e Material• 0 Other Construction Wute • Ukely to Hwe SlfllJ/flcant lmp11et 0 Probable Low or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements '-Capha/ Coat• '-O&MCo•U Q Maintenance " Training 0 Suhabllity for Slopu>5" • In &re$ suspected of having groundwater pollution, sample the groundwater near the excavation site and have the water teste4 for known or suspect¢d pollutants at a certified laboratory. Check with the Regional Water Quality Control Board and the local wastewater treatment plant for their requirements for iiewatcring, additional I e High O Low water quality tests, and disposal options. - • With a permit from the.Regional Wat« QualityConttoiBoard, you may be able to CA1 n,cyc:le/reusc pumped groundwater for landscape irrigation, or discharge to the stam sewer. With a permit from the local agency, you may be able to treat pumped groWldwater and discharge it to the-municipal wastewater treatment plant via the sanitary sewer. • For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Bmployee/Subconttactor Training. Construction Handbook 4,. 3 March, 1993 j •• J ·-- CONTRACTOR ACTIVITY: DEWATERING OPERATIONS (Continue) REQUIREME,NTS • Costs (Capital, O&M) -Sediment controls are low cost measures. -Treannent and/or discharge of polluted groundwat~r can be quite expensive. • Maintenance -Maintain sediment controls and filters in good working order. (See Chapter 5 for details) -Inspect excavated areas daily for signs of contaminated water as evidenced by discoloration, oily sheen, or odors. LIMITATIONS • The presence of contaminated water may indicate contaminated soil as well. See CA22 (Contaminated Soil Man- agement) in this chapter for more information. REFERENCES Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992. Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. CA1 Construction Handbook 4.4 March, 1993 - ACTIVITY: STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION AND PAINTING Graphic: North Central Texas COG, 1993 DESCRIPTION Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm w~lter from structure construction and painting by enclosing or covering or berming building material storage areas, using good housekeeping practices, using safer alternative products, and training employees and subcontractors. APPROACH • Keep the work site clean and orderly. Remove debris in a timely fashion. Sweep the area. • Use soil erosion control techniques if bare ground is exposed (See Chapter 5). • Buy recycled or less hazardous products to the maximum extent practicable. • Conductpainting operations consistent with local air quality and OSHA regulations. • Properly store paints and solvents. See CAIO (Materiai Delivery and 'Storage) in this chapter. • Properly store and dispose waste materials generated. from the activity. See the waste manage~ent BMPs (CA20 to CA24) in this chapter. • Recycle residual paints, solvents, lumber, and other materials to the maximum extent practicable. . • Maire sure that nearby storm drains are well marked to minimize the chance of inadvertent disposal of residual paints and other liquids . . • Clean the stom1 drain system in the immediate construction area after construction is completed. • Educate employees who are doing the work. . • Inform subcontractors of company policy on these matters and include appropriate provisions in their contract to make certain proper housekeeping and disposal practices are implemented. . · • For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes: see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. REQUIREMENTS • Costs (Capital, O&M) These BMPs are generally of low to moderate cost. • Maintenance Maintenance should be minimal. LIMITATIONS -,. • Safer altemative products may not be available, suitable, or effective in every case. • Haz.aroous waste that cannot be re-used or recycled must be disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste hauler. Construction Handbook Objectives Control Site Perimeter Control lntemal Erosion Targeted Pollutants 0 Sediment 0 Nutrients Q Toxic Materials 0 Oil& Grease • Floatab/e Materials • Other Construction Waste • Likely to Have Significant Impact 0 Probable Low or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements 0 Capha/ Costs 0 O&MCosts 0 Maintenance ~ Training 0 Suhabi/ity for Slopes>5% • High O Low CA3 March, 1993 -- ACTIVITY: STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION AND PAINTING {Continue) • Be certain that actions to help stonn water quality are consistent with Cal-and Fed-OSHA and air quality regula- tions . . Construction and painting activities can generate pollutants that can reach storm water if proper care is not taken: The sources of these contaminants may be solvents, paints, paint and varnish removers, finishing residues; spent thinners, soap cleaners, kerosene, asphalt and concrete materials; adhesive residues, and old asbestos insulation. For specific information on some of these w~tes see the following BMPs in .this chapter: CA20 Solid Waste, CA21 Haz.ardous Waste, and CA23 Concrete Waste. More specific information on structure construction practices is listed below. Erosjon and Sediment ConrroJ If the work involves exposing large areas of soil or if old buildings are being tom down and not replaced in the near future, employ the appropriate soil erosion and control techniques described in Chapter 5. Stonn/Sanitao: sewer Connections Carefully install all plumbing and drainage syste~s. Cross connections between the sanitary and storm drain systems, as well as any other connections into the drainage system from inside a building, are illegal. Color code or flag pipelines on . the project site to prevent such connections, and train construction personnel. .Paiotioe Local air pollution regulations may, in many areas of the state, specify painting procedures which if properly carried out are usually sufficient to protect-storm water·quality. These regulations may require that painting operations be properly enclosed or covered to avoid drift. Use temporary scaffolding to hang drop cloth~ or draperies to prevent drift Applica- tion equipment that minimizes overspray also.helps. When using· sealants on wood, pavement, roofs, etc, quickly clean · up spills. Remove excess liquid with absorbent material or rags. If painting requires scraping or sand blasting of the existing surface, use a drop cloth to collect most of the chips. · Dispose the residue properly. If the paint contains lead or tributyl tin, it is considered a hazardous waste. Refer to the waste management BMPs in this chapter for more information. · Mix paint indoors, in.a containment area, or in a flat unpaved area not subject to significant erosion. Do so even during dry weather because cleanup of a spill will never be 100% effective. Dried paint will erode from sloped surfaces and be washed away by storms. If using water based paints, clean the application equipment in a sink that is connected to the sanitary sewer or in a containment area where the dried paint can ·be readily removed. Properly store leftover paints if they are to be ~t for the next job, or dispose of properly. Roof work· When working on roofs, if small particles have accumulated in the gutter, either sweep out the gutter or wash the gutter and trap the particles at the outlet of the downspout. A sock or geofabric placed over the outlet may effectively trap the materials .. If tQe_ downspout is lined .tight, place a temporary plug at the first convenient point in the storm drain and pump out the water with a vactor truck, and clean the catch basin sump where you placed the plug. REFERENCES Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992. CA3 Comtruction Handbook 4-8 March, 1993 -ACTIVITY: MATERIAL DELIVERY AND STORAGE ~\\l rr=;::=:;:::;::::='71 ~=~. ~ m11~ Hm~!lllF-Hll ls!I\ 11~111\~ YI ~iTiij§II' DESCRIPTION Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollut,ants to storm water from material delivery and storage by minimizing the storage of hazardous materials on-site, storing materials in a designated area, installing secondary containment, conducting regular inspections, an(l training employees and subcontractors. This best management practice covers only material delivery and storage. For other information Qn materials, see CAI 1 (Material Use), or CA12 (Spill Prevention and Control). For infonnation on wastes, see the waste management BMPs in this chapter. APPROACH The following materials are commonly stored on construction sites: • Soil, • Pesticides and herbicides, • ,Fertilizers. • Detergents, • Plaster or other products, • Petroleum proclucts such as fuel, oil, and grease, and · • Other haz.ardous chemicals such as acids, lime, glues, paints, solvents, and curing compounds. Storage of these materials on-site can pose the following risks: • Storm water pollution, • Injury to workers or visitors, • Groundwater pollution, and • Soil contamination. Therefore, the following steps should be taken to minimize your ri&k: • Designate.areas of the construction site for ma~ delivery and storage. Place near the construction entrances, away from waterways Objectives Housekeeping Practices Contain Waste Minimize Disturbed Areas Stabilize Disturbed Areas Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter Control Internal Erosion Targeted Pollutants '-Sediment Q Nutrients ~ Toxic Materials ~ Oil& Grease ~ Floatable Materials 0 Other Construction Waste • UkelytoHav• Slgnlflcant Impact 0 Probable Low or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements 0 Capital Costs 0 O&MCosts ·o Maintenance ~ Training 0 Suitability for Slopes>5% Avoid transport near drainage paths or waterways e High O Low Surround with earth berms (see ESC30, Earth Dike.) Place in an area which will be paved • Storage of ~ctive, ignitable, or flammable liquids must comply with the fire codes of CA 1 Q your area. Contact the local Fue Marshal to review site materials, quantities, and proposed storage area to determine specific requirements. See the Flammable and Combustible Liquid Code, NFP A30. • For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. • Keep an accurate, up-to-date inventory of materials delivered and stored on-site. • Keep your inventory down. Construction Handbook 4-9 March, 1993 ,-, --ACTIVITY: MATERIAL DELIVERY AND STORAGE (Continue} • Minimize hazardous materials on-site storage. • Handle hazardous materials as infrequently as possible. ·• During the rainy season, consider storing materials in a covered area. Store materials in secondary containments such as an earthen dike, horse trough; or even a children's wading pool for noµ-reactive materials such as detergents, oil, grease, and paints. Small amounts of material may be secondarily contained in "bus boy" trays or concrete mixing trays. • Do not store chemical·s, drums, or bagged materials directly on the ground. Place these items on a pallet and, when possible, in secondary containment. • If drums must be kept uncovered, store them at a slight angle to reduce ponding of rainwater on the lids and to reduce corrosion. • Try to keep chemicals in their original containers, and keep thelll well labeled. • Train employees and subcontractors. • J;mployees trained in emergency spill cleanup procedures should be present when dangerous materials or liquid chemicals are unloaded. • If significant residual materials remain on the ground after construction is c'Omplete, properly remove materials and any _contaminated soil (See CA22). If the area is to be paved, pave as soon as materials are removed to stabilize the soil. REQUIREMENTS • Cost (Capital, O&M) -All of the above are low CQSt measures. • Maintenance -Keep the designated storage area clean and well organized. -Conduct routine weekly inspections and check for external corrosion of material containers. -Keep an ample supply of spill cleanup materials near the storage area. LIMITATIONS • Storage sheds often must meet building and fire code requirements. REFERENCES Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites; Flood Control District of Maricopa County, AZ September 1992. Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Managem~nt Practices for Storm Water Pollution . Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992. Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program: Program Development and Approval Guidance, Working Group Working Paper; USEPA, Aprll 1992. Storm Water Management for Construction Activities; Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-9iOOs; USEPA, April 1992. CA10 Construction Handbook 4 -10 March, 1993 ---------------------------------------- - ACTIVITY: SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTROL Objectives <::€UHkHping Prac~ ESCRIPTION revent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from leaks and spills by :ducing the chance for spills, stopping the source of spills, containing and deaning up 1ills, properly disposing of spill materials, and training employees. bis best managementpractice covers only spill prevention and control. However, CAlO ~rial Delivery and Storage) and CAl I (Material Use), also contain useful informa- Jn, particularly on spill prevention. For information on wastes, see the waste manage- :ent BMPs in this chapter. PPROACH be following steps will help reduce the storm water impacts of leaks and spills: efine ~Significant Spill" Different materials pollute in different amounts. Make sure that each employee knows what a "significant spill" is for each materialithey use, and what is the appro- priate response for "significant" and "insignificant" spills. · i:peraJ Measures Hazardous materials and was~ should be stored in covered CQntainers and protected from vandalism. Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible. Train emplQyees in spill prevention and cleanup. Designate responsible individuals. lcamm Clean up leaks and spills immediately. On paved surfaces, clean up spills with as little water as. possible. Use a rag for small spills, a damp mop for general cleanup, and absorbent material fot larger spills.. If the spilled material is hazardous, then the used cleanup materials are also haz.ardous and Contain Wast, Minlmizl Oisturt»d Ar,as StablliZI Disturt»d Aras Prot,ct Slopa/Channtls Control Sitt Ptrim,t,r Control l11t,ma/ Erosion Targeted Pollutants 0 Sediment 0 Nutrient• Q Toxic Materla/6 ~ OIi& Greue 0 F/oatllble Materials 0 Other Conatruction W•te • Uk-1)-to Hw• Slt111lflt:t1nt lm,-:t 0 ProWI.Lowor Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements 0 Caphal Coat• ~ O&MC:O.t. 0 Maintenance '-Training 0 Sultllbl/lty for Slopu>5" must be sent to either a certified laundry (rags) or disposed of as hazardous waste. e High O Low Never hose· down or bury dry material spills. Clean up as much of the material as possible and dispose of properly. Sec the waste. management BMPs in this chapterfor · CA1 2 specific information. rJ)Ortiui · Report significant spills to local agencies, such as the Fire Department; they can assist in cleanup. Federal regulations require that any significant oil spill into a water body or onto an adjoining shoreline be reported to the National Response Center (NRC) at 800-424- 8802 (24 hour). :onstruction Handbook 4-13 March, 1993 ----ACTIVITY: SPILL PREVENTION AND CONTROL (Continue) Use the following measures related to specific activities: Vehicle and EQuinwem Maintenance • If maintenance must occur on-site, use a designated area and/or a secondary containment, located away from drainage courses, to prevent the tunon of storm water and the runoff of spills. • Regularly inspect 011-site vehicles and equipment for leaks, and repair immediately. • Check incoming vehicles and equipment (including delivery trucks, and employee and subcontractor vehicles) for leaking oil and fluids. Do not allow leaking vehicles or equipment on-site. • Always use secondary containment, such as a drain pan or drop cloth, to catch spills or leaks when removing or changing fluids. • Place drip pans .or absorbent materials under paving equipment when not in use. • Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down or burying the spill. Remove the adsorbent materi- als promptly and diswse of properly. • Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper waste or recycling drums. Don't leave full drip pans or other open containers lying around. • Oil filters disposed of in trash cans or dumpsters can leak oil and pollute storm water. Place the oil filter in a funnel over a waste oil recycling drum to drain excess.oil before disposal. Oil filters can also be recycled. Ask your oil supplier or recycler about recycling oil filters. • Store cracked batteries in a non-leaking secondary container. Do this with all cracked batteries, even if you think all the acid has drain~ out. If you drop a battery, treat it as if itis cracked. Put it into the containment area until you are sure it is not leaking. YebicJe and EQuinweut EneUu2 . • Iffueling must occur on-site, use designated areas, located away from drainage courses, to prevent the runon of storm water and Ute runoff of spills. • Discourage "topping-off' of fuel tanks. • Always use secondary containment, such as a drain pan, when fueling to catch spills/leaks. REQUIREMENTS • Costs (Capital, O&M) -Prevention of leaks and spills is inexpensive; Treatment and/or disposal of.contaminated soil or water can be quite expensive. • Maintenance -Keep ample supplies of spill control and cleanup materials on-site, near storage, unloading, and maintenance areas. -Upqate your spill prevention and control plan and Stock cleanup materials as changes occur in the types of chemicals on-site. LIMITATIONS • If necessary, use a private spill cleanup company. REFERENCES Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992. Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. CA12 Construction Handbook 4 -14 March, 1993 -• ACTIVITY: CONTAMINATED SOIL MANAGEMENT DESCRIPTION Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from contaminated soil and highly ~idic or alkaline soils by conducting pre-construction surveys, inspecting excava- tions regularly, and remediating contaminated soil promptly. APPROACH Contaminated soils may occur on your site for several reasons including: • Past site u~s and activities; • Detected or undetected spills and leaks; and • Acid or alkaline solutions from expc;>sed soil or rock formations high in acid or alkaline-forming elements. Most developers conduct pre-construction environmental assessments as a matter of routine. Recent court rulings holding contractors liable (or cleanup costs when they unknowingly move contaminated soil, highlight the need for contractors to confirm that a site assessment is completed ~ earth moving begins. Toe following steps will help reduce storm water pollution from contaminated soil: • Conduct thorough site planning including pre-construction geologic surveys. • Look for contaminated soil as evidenced by discoloration, odors, differences in soil properties, abandoned underground tanks or pipes, or buried debris. · • Prevent leaks· and spills to the maxiIJlum extent practicable.. Contaminated soil can be expensive to treat and/or dispose of properly. However, addressing the problem before construction is much less expensive than after the structures are in place. • Test suspected soils at a certified laboratory. • If the soil is contaminated, work with the local regulatory agencies to develop options for treatment and/or disposal. • For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. REQUIREMENTS • Costs (Capital, O&M) Prevention of leaks and spills is inexpensive. Treatment and/or disposal of contaminated soil can be quite expensive. • Mainte.nance Inspect excavated areas daily for signs of contaminated soil. Implement CA12, Spill Prevention and Control, to prevent leaks and spills as much as possible. · Construction Handbook 4 -19 Objectives Housekeeping Practices ~ Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter Control Internal Erosion Targeted Pollutants ~ Sediment 0 Nutrients • Toxic Materials 0 Oil & Grease 0 Floatable Materials 0 Other Construction Waste • UkelytoHave Slgnlflcantlmpact 0 Probable Low or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements 0 Capital Costs '-O&MCosts '-Maintenance '-Training 0 Suitability for Slopes>5" • High O Low CA22 March, 1993 -- ACTIVITY: CONTAMINATED SOIL MANAGEMENT (Continue) LIMITATIONS • • Contaminated soils that cannot be treated on-site µiust be disposed of off-si.te by a licensed h~ous waste hauler . The presence of contaminated soil may indicate contaminated water as well. See CAI (Dewatering Operations) in this chapter for more information. REFERENCES Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara V1tlley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program; 1992. Processes, Procedures,. and Methods to Control Pollution Resulting from all Construction Activity; USEPA, 430/9-73- 007, 1973. Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-92005; USEPA, April 1992. CA22 Construction Handbook 4 · 20 March, 1993 ,...,, -- ACTIVITY: CONCRETE WASTE MANAGEMENT DESCRIPTION Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from concrete waste by conducting washout off-site, performing on-site washout in a designated area, and training employees .and subcontractors. APPROACH The.following steps will help reduce storm water pollution from concrete wastes: • Store dry and wet materials under cover, away from drainage areas. • A void· mixing excess amounts of fresh (;oncrete or cement on-site. • Perform washout of concrete trucks off site or in designated areas only. • Do not wash out concrete trucks into storm drains, open ditches, streets, or streams. • Do.not allow excess concrete to be dumped on-site, except in designated areas. • For on-site washout: locate washout area at least SO feet from storm drains, open ditches, or water bodies. t>o not allow runoff from this area by constructing a temporary pit or bemied area large enough for liquid and solid waste; wash out wastes into the temporary pit wh~re the concrete can set, be broken up, and then disposed of properly. • When washing concrete to remove fine particles and expose the aggregate, avoid creating runoff by draining the wat,er to a benned or level.area. • Do not wash sweepings from exposed aggregate concrete into the street or storm drain. Collect and return sweepings to aggregate base stock pile, or dispose in the trash. ' • Train employees and subcontractors in proper concrete waste management. • For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. REQUIREMENTS • Costs (Capital, O&M) All of the.above are low cost measures. • Maintenance Inspect subcontractors to ensure that concrete wastes are being properly man- aged. If.using a temporary pit. dispose hardened concrete on a regular ba:sis. LIMITATIONS • Off-site washout of concrete wastes may·not always be possible. Construction Handbook 4 • 21 Objectives Housekeeping Practices ~ Minimize Disturbed Areas Stabilize Disturbed Areas Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter Conttol Internal Erosion Targeted Pollutants 0 Sediment 0 Nutrients 0 Toxic Materials 0 Oil& Grease 0 Floatable Materials g Other Construction Waste • Ukely to Have Slgnlflcant Impact 0 Probable I.ow or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements 0 Capital Costs 0 O&MCosts ~ Maintenance -. Training . 0 Suitability for Slopes>5" e High O Low CA23 March, 1993 -- ACTIVITY: CONCRETE WASTE MANAGEMENT (Continue) REFERENCES Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites; Flood Control District of Maricopa . County, AZ. July 1992. Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program, 1992. Storm Water Management for Construction Activities, Developing I>ollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, EPA 832-R-920O5; USEPA, April 1992. CA23 Construction Handbook 4 -22 March, 1993 -- ACTIVITY: VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT CLEANING Objectives ------------------------------------t~ Graphic:: North Central Texas COG, 1993 ~ DESCRIPTION · Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from vehicle and equipment cleaning by using off-site facilities, washing in designated, contained areas only, eliminat- ing discharges to the storm drain by infiltrating or recycling the wash water, and/or training employees and subcontractors. APPROACH • Use off-site commercial washing businesses as much as possible. Washing vehicles and equipment outdoors or in areas where wash water flows onto paved surfaces or into drainage pathways can pollute storm water. If you wash a large number of vehicles or pieces of equipment, consider conducting this work aran off-site commer- cial business. These businesses are better equipped to handle and dispose of the wash waters properly. Performing this work off-site can also be economical by eliminating the need for a separate washing operation at your site. • If washing must occur on-site, use designated, bermed wash .areas to prevent wash water contact with storm water, creeks, rivers, and other water bodies. The wash area can be sloped for wash water collection and subsequent infiltration into the ground. • Use as little water·as possible to avoid.having to install erosion and sediment controls for the wash area. • Use phosphate-free, biodegradable soaps. • Educate employees and subcontractors on pollution prevention measures. • Do not permit steam cleaning on-site. Steam cleaning can generate significant pollutant concentrations. • For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. REQUIREMENTS • Costs (Capital, O&M) All of the above are low cost measures. • Maintenance Minimal, some berm repair may be necessary. LIMITATIONS • Even phosphate-free, biodegradable soaps have been shown to be toxic to fish before the soap degrades. • Sending vehicles/equipment off-site should be done in conjmtction with ESC24 (Stabilil.Cd Construction Entrance). REFERENCE · Swisher, R.D., 1987. Surfactant Biodegradation, Marcel Decker Corporation Construction Handbook Contain Wast, Minimize DisturbMI Ar,as Stabilize Disturb«/ Ar,as Targeted Pollutants 0 Sediment 0 Nutrient• '-Toxic Materia/6 " Oil& Greue 0 Floatable Material• 0 Other Comtruction Wute • Likely to HIIVe Significant Impact 0 Probable Low or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements '-Capital Cost• 0 O&MCo•t. '-Maintenance 0 Training 0 Suitability for Slopu>5" I e High O Low CA30 March, 1993 - ACTIVITY: VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT FUELING Objectives it-----------------------------------1 ~usekeeping Practi""'§iD ~: • : -••• ~ • #-<. _, -~-~ , . ' . -·: . . . } . . : ... . .. ( L~\..~_,...._ __ ,._ .-1~ DESCRIPTION Prevent fuel spills and leaks, and reduce their impacts to storm water by using off-site facilities, fueling in designated areas only, enclosing or covering stored fuel, implementing spill controls, and training employees and subcontractors. . APPROACH • Use off-site fueling stations as much as possible. Fueling vehicles and equipment outdoors or in areas where fuel may spill/leak onto paved surfaces or into drainag~ pathways can pollute storm water. If you fuel a large number of vehicles or pieces of equipment, consider using an off-site fueling station. Th_ese businesses are better equipped to handle fuel and spills properly. Performing this work off-site can also be economical by eliminating the need for a separate fueling area at your site. • If fueling must occur on-site, use designated areas, located away .from drainage courses, to prevent the runon of stol'JI). water and the runoff of spills. • Discourage "topping-off' of fuel tanks. • Always use secondary containment, such as a drain pan or drop c;loth, when fueling to catch spills/leaks. • Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible. • Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down or burying the spill. . Remove the adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly. • Carry out all Federal and State requirements regarding stationary above ground storage tanks. • Avoid mobile fueling of mobile construction equipment around the site; :rather, transport the equipment to designated fueling areas. With the exception of tracked equipment such as bulldoz.ers and perhaps forldifts, most vehicles should be able to travel to a designated area with little lost time. • • Train employees and subcontractors in proper fueling and cleanup procedures. • For a quickreference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, ,Employee/Subcontractor Training, REQUIREMENTS • Costs (Capital, O&M) All of the above measures ar~ low cost, except for the capital costs of above ground tanks that meet all local environmental, zoning, and fire codes. • Maintenance · Ke~p ample supplies of spill cleanup materials on-site. Inspect fueling areas and storage tanks on a regular sched~Ie. LIMITATIONS • Sending vehicles/equipment off-site should be done in conjunction with ESC24 (Stabiliz.ed Construction Entrance). Construction Handbook 4-25 Contain Waste Minimize Disturbed Areas S'tabilize Disturbed Areas Protect Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter Control Internal Erosion Targeted Pollutants 0 Sediment 0 Nutrients Q Toxic Materials ~ Oil& Grease 0 Floatable Materials 0 Other Construction Waste • UkelytoHave Significant Impact 0 Probable I.ow or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements ~ Capital Costs 0 O&MCosts Q Maintenance ~ Training 0 Suitability for Slopes>5'¼ • High O Low CA31 March, 1993 -------------------------------------------- - ACTIVITY: VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE Graphic: North Central Texas COG, 1993 DESCRIPTION Prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to storm water from vehicle and equipment maintenance by running a "dry site". This involves using off-site facilities, performing work in designated areas only, providing cover for materials stored outside, checking for leaks and spills, containing and cleaning up spills immediately, and training employees and · subcontractors. APPROACH • Keep vehicles and equiPQ!.ent clean, don't allow excessive build-up of oil and grease. • Use off-site repair shops as much as possible. Maintaining vehicles and equipment outdoors or 1n ar~ where vehicle or equipment fluids may spill or leak onto the ground can pollute stom1 water. If you maintain a large number of vehicles or pieces of equipment, consider using an off-site repair shop. These businesses are better equipped to handle vehicle fluids and spills properly. Performing this work off-site can also be economical by eliminating the need for a separate maintenance area. • If maintenance must occur on-site, use designated areas, located away from drainage courses, to prevent the runon of storm water and the runoff of spills. • Always use secondary containment, such as a drain pan or drop cloth, to catch spills or leaks when removing or changing fluids. • Place a stockpile of spill cleanup materials where it will be readily accessible. , • Use adsorbent materials on small spills rather than hosing down or burying the spill. Remove the adsorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly. • Regularly inspect on-site vehicles and equipment for leaks, and repair immediately. • Check incoming vehicles and equipment (inclucling delivery trucks, and employee and subcontractor vehicles) for leaking oil and fluids. Do not allow leaking vehicles or equipment on-site. • Segregate and recycle wastes, such as greases, used oil or oil filters, antifreeze, cleaning solutions, automotive batteries, hydraulic, and transmission fluids. • Train employees and subcontractors in proper maintenance and spill cleanup proce- dures. • For a quick reference on disposal alternatives for specific wastes, see Table 4.2, CA40, Employee/Subcontractor Training. REQUIREMENTS • Costs (Capital, O&M) All of the above are low cost measures. • Maintenance Keep ~pie supplies of spill cleanup materials on-site. Inspect maintenance~ on a regular schedule. Construction Handbook 4-26 Objectives <:::HE_us,kHping Practi;p Contain Waste Minimiz, Disturl»d Ar11s Stabi/fz, Disturl»d Ar,as Protect Slop,s/Channe/s Control Sit, Perimeter Control /nt,mal Erosion Targeted Pollutants 0 Sediment 0 Nutrient• Q Toxic Msteriala ~ Oil& Greue 0 F/oatab/e Material• 0 Other Conatruction Waate • Ukely to H,we Slgnllicant Impact 0 Probable Law or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements 0 Capital C06t• 0 O&MCo•ta 0 Maintenance '-Training 0 Suitability for SlopN>5" I e High O Low CA32 March, 1993 . l I I , ~-,:; - ACTIVITY: VEHICLE AND EQUIPMENT _MAINTENANCE (Continue) LIMITATIONS • Sending vehicles/equipment off-site should be done in conjunction with ESC24 (Srabi~ized Construction Entrance). Outdoor vehicle or equipment maintenance is a potentially significant source of stonn water pollution. Activities that can contaminate storm water incl~de engine repair and service, particularly changing or replacement of fluids, and outdoor equipment storage.and parking (dripping engines). For further information on vehicle or equipment servicing, see CA30, Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning, and CA31, Vehicle and Equipment Fueling. Listed below is further infonnation if you must perform vehicle or equipment maintenance on-site. Waste Reductjon Parts are often cleaned using solvents such as trichloroethylene, 1,1,1-trichloroethane, or methylene chloride. Many of these parts cleaners are harmful and must be disposed of as a h~dous waste. Reducing the number of solvents makes recycling easier and reduces hazardous waste management costs. Often, one solvent can perform a job as well as two different solvents. Also, if possible, eliminate or reduce the amount of hazardous materials and waste by substituting non-hazardous or less hazardous materials. For example, replace chlorinated organic solvents (1,1,1-trichloroethane, methylene chloride,etc.) with non-chlorinated solvents. Non-chlorinated solvents like kerosene or mineral spirits are less toxic andJess expensive to dispose of properly. Checklist of active ingredients to see whether it contains chlori- nated solvents. The "chlor" term indicates that the solvent is chlorinated. Also, try substituting a wire brush for solvents to clean parts. RecycJio 01Pisposat Separating wastes allows for easier recycling and may reduce disposal costs. Keep hazardous and non-hazardous wastes separate, do not mix U$Cd oil and solvents, and keep chlorinated solvents (like 1,1,1-trichloroethane) separate from non- . chlorinated solvents (like kerosene and mineral spirits). Promptly transfer used fluids to the proper waste or recycling drums. Don't leave full drip pans or other open containers.lying around. Oil filters disposed of in trash cans or dumpsters can leak oil and contaminate storm water. Place the oil filter in a funnel over a waste oil recycling drum to drain excess oil before disposal. Oil filters can also be recycled. Ask your oil supplier or recycler about recycling oil filters. Do not dispose of extra paints and coatings by dumping liquid onto the ground or throwing it into dumpsters. Allow coatings to dry or harden before disposal into covered dumpsters. · _ Store cracked batteries in anon-leaking secondary container-. Do this with all cracked batteries, even if you think all the acid has drained out. If you drop a battery, treat it as if it is cracked. Put it into the containment area until you are sure it. is not leaking •. Do not bury used tires. REFERENCES · Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites; Flood Control District of Maricopa · County, AZ, September 1992. · Blueprint for a Clean Bay-Construction-Related Industries: Best Management Practices for Storm Water Pollution Prevention; Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control.Program, 1992. Coastal Nonpoint Pollution Control Program: Program Development and Approval Guidance, Working Group Working Paper; USEPA, April 1992. CA32 Construction Handbook .4 • 27 March, 1993 - ACTIVITY: EMPLOYEE/SUBCONTRACTOR TRAINING DF;SCRIPTION Objectives Contain Wast, Minimize Disturbed Ar,as Stabilize Disturbed Areas Prot,ct Slopes/Channels Control Site Perimeter Control lntsmal Erosion :Employee/subcontractor training, like maintenance or a piece of equipment. is not so much a best management pracuce as it is a method by which to implement BMPs. This fact sheet highlights the importance of training and of integrating the elements of employee/subcontractor training from the individual soun:e controls into a comprehensive training program as part of a company's Storm Water Pollution Prevention Pl~ (SWPPP). The specific ~mployee/subcontractor training aspects of each of the source controls are highlighted in the individual fact sheets. The focus of this fact sheet is more general, and includes the overall objectives and approach for assuring employee/subcontractor training in storm. water pollution prevention. Accordingly, the organization of this fact sheet differs somewhat from the other fact sheets in this chapter. OBJECTIVES Employee/subcontractor training should be .based on four objectives: • Promote a clear identification and understanding of the problem; including activities with the potential to pollute storm water; • Identify solutions (BMPs); Promote employee/subcontractor ownership of the problems and the solutions; and • · Integrate employee/subcontractor feedback into training and BMP imple~entation. APPROACH • Integrate training regarding storm water quality management with existing training programs that may be required for your·business by other regulations such as: the Illness and.Injury Prevention Program (IlPP) (SB 198) (California Code of Regulations Title 8, Section 3203), the Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) standard (29 CFR 1910.120), the Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) Plan (40 CFR 112), and the Haz.ardous Materials Management Plan (Business Plan) (California Health and Safety Code, Section 6.95). • Businesses, particularly smaller ones that may not be regulated by Federal, St;ite, or local regulations, may use the information in this mmdbook to develop a training program to reduce their potential to pollute storm water. • Use the quick reference on disposal alternatives (Table 4.2) to train employee/subcontractors in proper and consistent methods for disposal. CA40 Construction Handbook · 4 -28 March, 1993 i • J L -• ACTIVITY: EMPLOYEE/SUBCONTRACTOR TRAINING (Continue) • Consider J>C>Sting the quick reference table around the Job site or in the on-site office trailer to ·reinforce training. • Train employee/subcontractors in standard operating procedures and spill cleanup techniques described in the fact sheets. Employee/subcontractors trained in spill containment and cleanup should be present during the loading/ unloading and handling of materials. • Personnel who use pesticides should be trained in their use. The California Department of Pesticide Regulation and county agricultural commissioners license pesticide dealers, certify pesticide applicators, and conduct on-site inspections. • Proper education of off-site contractors is often overlooked. The conscientious efforts of well trained employee/ subcontractors can be lost by unknowing off-site contractors, so make sure they are well informed about what they . are expected to-do on-site. CA40 Comtruction Handbook 4. 29 March, 1993 TABLE 4.2 QUICK REFERENCE -DISPOSAL ALTERNATIVES (Adopted from Santa Clara County Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program -December 1992) n ; All of the waste products on this chart are prohibited from discharge to the stonn drain system. a' ALTERNATIVES ARE LISTED IN PRIORITY ORDER. Use this matrix to decide which alternative disposal strategies to use. n ::t. 8 Key: HHW ~ousehold hazardous waste (Government-sponsored drop-off events) i ::, C. 0" ~ ..... • t..> -= f .... IC ~ POTW Publically Owned Treatment Plant Reg.Bd. Regional Water Quality Control Board (Oakland) "Dispose to sanitary sewer" means dispose into sink, toilet, or sanitary sewer clean-out connection. "Dispose as trash" means dispose in dumpsters or trash containers for pickup and/or eventual disposal in landfill. "Dispose as hazardous waste" for business/commercial means contract with a hazardous waste hauler to remove and dispose. DISCHARGFJACTIVITY BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL -RESIDENTIAL Disposal PriorU_i~ Approval Disposal Priorities General Construction and Painting; Street and Utility frlaintenance Excess paint (oil-based) 1. Recycle/reuse. I. Recycle/reuse. 2. Dispose as hazardous waste. 2. Take to HHW drop-off. Excess paint ( water-based) l. Recycle/reuse. l. Recycle/reuse. 2. Dry residue in ca~1s, dispose as trash. 2. Dry residue in cans, dispose as trash. 3. If volume is too much to dry, 3. If volume is ·too much to dry, take 10 dispose as hazardous waste. . HHW drop-off Paint cleanup (oil-based) Wipe paint out of brushes, then: Wipe paint out of brushes, then: l. Filter & reuse thinners, solvents. I. Filler & reuse tl1inners, solvents. · 2. Dispose as hazardous waste. 2. Take to HHW drop-off. Paint cleanup (water-based) Wipe paint out of brushes, then: Wipe paint out of brushes, then: l. Rinse to sanitary sewer. l. Rinse to sanitary sewer. Empty paint cans (dry) l. Remove lids, dispose as trash. 1. Remove lids, disoose as trash. Paint striooin_g (witll solvent) 1. Dispose as hazardous waste. l. Take to HHW drop-off. Building exterior cleaning (high-1. Prevent entry into stonn drain and pressure water) remove offsite 2. Wash onto dirt area, spade in 3. Collect (e.g. mop up) and discharge to sanitary sewer P01W Cleaning of building exteriors which l. Use dry cleaning metllods l1ave HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (e.g. 2. Contain and dispose washwater as mercury, lead) in paints hazardous waste (Suggestion: dry m~terial first to reduce volume) r i q I: a § ;I a. I .II,. I ~ .... i .... \C ~ DISCHARGFJACTIVITY BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL Disposal Priorities General Construction and P~inting; Street and Utility M~intenance (cont'd) Non-hazardous paint scraping/ sand bias.ting 1. Dry sweep, dispose as trash HAZARDOUS paint scraping/sand blasting 1. Dry sweep, dispose as (e.g. marine paints or paints containing hazardous waste lead or tributyl tin) Soil from excavations during periods l. Should not be placed in street or when stonns are forecast on paved areas 2. Remove from site or backfill by end of day 3. Cover wid1 tarpaulin or surround widJ hay bales; or use od1er runoff controls 4. Place filter mat over stonn drain Note: Thoroughly sweep following removal of dirt in all four alternatives. Soil from excavations placed on paved 1. Keep matenal out of stonn conveyance surfaces during periods when stonns are not systems and thoroughly remove via forecast sweeping following removal of dirt Cleaning streets in constructimi areas 1. Dry sweep and minimize tracking of mud 2. Use silt ponds and/or similar pollutant reduction techniques when flushing pavement Soil erosion, sediments I. Cover disturbed soils, use erosion controls, block entry to storm drain. 2. Seed or plant immediately. Fresh cement, grout, mortar I. Use/reuse excess 2. Dispose to trash Washwater from concrete/mortar 1. Wash onto dirt area, spade in (etc.) cleanup 2. Pump and remove to appropriate disposal facility 3. Settle, pump water to sanitary sewer Aggregate wash from driveway/patio 1. Wash onto dirt area, spade in construction 2. Pump and remove to appropriate dispoSlll facility 3. Settle, pump water to sanitary sewer • I 1 I . t •. . .l L,....... ,., Table 4'. l (Continued) Page 2 RESIDENTIAL Approval Disposal Priorities I. Dry sweep, dispose as trash I. Dry sweep,_ take to HHW drop-off - ., - I. Use/reuse excess 2. Dispose as trash 1. Wash onto dirt area, spade in 2. Pump and remove to appropriate disposal facility POTW 3. Settle, pt.imp water to sanitary sewer I. Wash onto dirt area, spade in 2. Pump and remove to appropriate POTW disposal facility 3. Settle, pump water to sanitary sewer r-. ~ { ~ DISCHARGFJACTIVITY BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL a DispQs~I Priorities n er. 0 ·= . General Construction and Painting; Street and Utility Maintenance (cont'd) ;I .g_ O" ~ ,l:k • ~ a:: ID) 1 ,... \C ~ .. Rinsewater from concrete mixing trucks Non-hazardous construction and demolition debris Hazardous demolition and construction debris (e.g. asbestos) Saw-cut slurry Constru~tion dewatering (Nonturbid, uncontaminated groundwater) Construction dewatering (Other than nonturbid, uncontaminated groundwater) Portable toilet waste Leaks from galbage dumpsters 1. Return truck to yard for rinsing into pond or dirt area 2. At construction site, wash into pond or dirt area 1. Recycle/reuse (concrete, wood, etc.) 2 .• Dispose as trash 1. Dispose as hazardous waste I. Use dry cutting technique and sweep up residue 2. Vacuum slurry and dispose off-site. 3. Block storm drain or berm with low weir as necessary to allow most solids to .settle, Shovel out gutters; dispose residue to dirt area, construction yard or landfill. ' 1. Recycle/Reuse 2. Discharge to storm drain 1. Recycle/reuse 2. Discharge to sanitary sewer 3. As appropriate, treat prior to discharge to storm dmin l. Leasing company shall dispose to s.1nitary sewer at POTW I. Collect, contain leaking material. Eliminate leak, keep covered, return to leasing company for immediate repair 2. If dumpster is used for liquid waste, use plastic liner Approval POTW Reg. Bd. POTW Table 4.1 (Continued) Page 3 RESIDENTIAL Disposal Priorities l. Recycle/reuse (concrete, wood, etc. 2. DisJ)()se as tmsh l. Do not auempl to rem~ve yourself. Contact asbestos removal service for &a[e removal and dispos.1I 2. Very small amounts (less than 5 lbs) may be double-wrapped in plastic and taken to l;l_HW drop-off . . ] " ~ .,.,,. ~ ~,' " - -· f Q i;f q-c n C: § ;= a C" i .a:,. • CH CH a= i .. .... ~ DISCHARGFJACTIVITY BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL Disposal Priorities General Construction and Painting; Street afld Utility -1\faintenance (cont'd) Leaks from construction debris bins 1. Insure that bins are used for dry nonhazardous materials only (Suggestion: Fencing, covering help prevent misuse) -Dumpster cleaning water 1. Clean at dumpster owner's facility and discharge waste through grease interceptor to sanitary sewer 2. Clean on site and disc~arge through grease interceptor to sanitary sewer Cleaning driveways, paved areas * I. Sweep and dispose as trash (Special -Focus = Restaurant alleys Grocery (Dry cleaning only). dwnpster areas) 2. For vehicle leaks, restaurant/grocery alleys, follow this 3-step process: a. Clean up leaks with rags or absorbe11ts. b. Sweep, using granular absorbent material (cat lilter). c. Mop and dispose of mopwater to * Note: Local drought ordinances may sanitary sewer (or collect riusewater contain additional restrictions and pump to the sanitary sewer). 3. Same as 2 above, but with rinsewater (2c)(no soap) discharged to stonn drain. Steam cleaning of sidewalks, plazas * I. Collect all water and pump to sanitary sewer. 2. Follow U1is 3-step process: a. Clean oil leaks with rags or adsorbents * Note: Local drought ordinances may b. Sweep (Use dry absorbent as needed) contain additional restrictions c. Use.no soap, discharge to stonn drain Potable water/Jine flushing I. Deactivate chlorine by Hydrant testing maximizing time water will travel before reaching creeks Super-chlorinat~ (above 1 ppm) water 1. Discharge to sanitary sewer from line flushing 2. Complete dechlorination required before discharge to stonn drain Approval PO'IW PO'IW ' Table 4.1 (Continued) Page4 RESIDENTIAL Disposa_l Priorities .. I. Sweep and dispose as trash (Dry cleaning only). 2. For vehicle leaks, follow this 3-step process: a. Clem1 up leaks with rags or absorbents; dispose as hazardous waste. b. Sweep, using granular absorbent material (cat litter). c. Mop and dispose of mopwater to sanitary sewer. - - ~ .,I I~ . ' ' ' i -a ~ 0 = ;= a. I .... ~ ::: J ~ ~ ---- DISCHARGFJACTIVITY Landscape/Garden Maintenance Pesticides Garden clippings Tree trimming Swimming pool, spa, fountain water (emptying) Acid or other pool/spa/fo~ntai,, cleaning Swimming pool, spa filter backwash Vehicle Wastes . Used motor oil Antifreeze Other vehicle fluids and solvents Automobile batteries Motor home/construction trailer waste BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL Disposal Priorities I. Use up. Rinse containers use rinsewater as product. Dispose rinsed containers as trash 2. Dispose unused pesticide as flazardous waste I. Compost .. 2. Take to L1ndfill I. Chip if necessary, before composting or recycling l. Do not use metal-based algicides (i.e. Copper Sulfate) 2. Recycle/reuse (e.g. irrigation) 3. Detennine chlorine residual = 0, wait i4 hours and then discharge to stonn dmin. ·L Neutralize and discharge to sanit..,ry sewer 1. Reuse for irrigation 2. Dispose on dirt area 3. Settle, dispose to sanit..,ry sewer 1. Use secondary containment while storing, send to recycler. I. Use secondary containment while storing, send to recycler. l. Dispose as hazardous waste •~ Send to auto battery recycler 2. Take to Recycling Center I. Use holding tank. Dispose to sanit..,ry sewer Approval POlW POlW I Table 4.1 (Continued) Page 5 RESIDENTIAL Disposal Priorities I. Use up. Rinse containers, use rinsewater as pesticide. Dispose rinsed container as tmsh: 2. Take unused pesticide to. HHW drop- orr 1. Compost 2 .. Dispose as trash. 1. Chip if necessary, before composting or recycling I. Do not use metal-based algicides (i.e. Copper Sulfate) 2. Recycle/reuse (e.g. irrigation) 3. Dctennine chlorine residual = O, wait 24 hours and t11e1) discharge to stonn ~rain. I. Use for lm1dscapc irrigation 2. Dispose on dirt area 3. Settle, dispose to sanit..,ry sewer 1. Put out for curbside recycling pickup where available 2. Take to Recycling Facility or auto service facility with recycling progrmn 3. Take to HHW events accept~ng motor oil 1. Take to Recycling Facility 1. Take to HHW event 1. Exchange at retail outlet 2. Take to Recycling Facility or HHW event where batteries are accepted - I. Use holding tank, dispose to sanit..,ry sewer. TI - - r~. r g 5' :;-c:: n :::: 0 ::, a= a. [ .ll,,. I (H UI a: J .... -.c ~ l>ISCHARGFJACTIVITY Vehicle Wastes (cont'd) Vehicle Washing Mobile Vehicle Washing , . Rinsewater from dust removal at new car fleets , Vehicle lealcs at Vehicle Repai'r Facilities Other Was•es Carpet cleaning solutions & other mobile washing services Roof drains Cooling water Air conditioning condensa_te Pumped groundwater, infiltration/ foundation drainage (contaminated) Fire fighting flows BUSiNESS/COMMERCIAL Disposal Priorities •· Recycle · 2. Discharge to sanitary sewer, never to stonn drain I. Collect washwater and discharge to sanitary sewer. I. Discharge to sanitary sewer 2. If rinsing dust from exterior surfaces from appearance purposes, use no soap (water only); discharge to stonn drain. Follow this 3-step process: I. Clean up leaks with rags or absorbents 2. Sweep, using granular absorbent material (cat litter) 3. Mop anc,I dispose of mopwater to s.111it.1ry sewer. I. Dispose to sanitary sewer L If roof is contaminated with · industrial waste products,· discharge to sanitary sewer 2. If no contamination is present, discharge to storm drain I. Recycle/reuse 2. Discharge to sanitary sewer I. Recycle/reuse (landscaping, etc.) 2. Treat if necessary; discharge to ~itary sewer 3. Treat and discharge to stonn drain If contmnination is present, Fire Dept. will attempt lo prevent flow to stream or stonn drain Approval POTW POTW POTW POTW POTW Reg. Bd. POTW Reg. Bd. '\ Table 4.1 (Continued) Page 6 RESIDENTIAL Disposal Priorities l. Talce to Commercial Car Wash. 2. Wash over lawn or dirt area 3. If soap is used, use a bucket for soapy water and discharge remaining soapy water to sm1itary sewer. l. Dispose to sani1ary sewer . ., '] : . ..:.._J - - r-~ r i ; s::t. 0 ::, ;P a. er 0 ~ .... I w C7\ . j .... \0 ~ DISCHARGFJACTIVITY Other Wastes (cont'd). Kitchen Grease Restaurant cleaning of floor mats, exhaust filters, etc. Clean-up wastewater. from sewer back-up BUSINESS/COMMERCIAL Disposal Priorities l. Provide secondary containment. collect, send to recyler. 2. Provide secondary containment, collect, SCll(I t<> P01W via haul~r. I. Clean inside building with discharge d1roug'1 grease trap to sanitary sewer. 2. Clean outside tn container or benned area with discharge to sanitary sewer. 1. Follow this procedure: a. Block stonn drain, contain, collect. and -rett1m spilled material to die sanitary sewer. b. Block storm drain, rinse remaining material to collection point and pump to san_itary sewer. (no rinse- water may f19w to stoQn drain) Approval P01W Table 4.1 (Continued) Page 7 R~SIDE1'1TIAL Disposal Priorities I. Collect. solidify, dispose as trash l ,, ,1 - - r . L -- 5. BMPs FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENTATION CONTROL This chapter describes specific Best Management Practices (BMPs) for common construction activities that result in erosion of the construction site and the generation of sediment which impacts waterways and off-site property. Chapter 2 led you through the steps of identifying activities at your site that can cause erosion, while Chapter 3 provided guidance with BMP selection. This chapter will provide you with the BMPs that best fit your site's needs. Each fact sheet contains a cover sheet With: • A description of the BMP • Suitable Applications • Installation/ Application Criteria • Requirements Costs, including capital costs, and operations and maintenance (O&M) Maintenance (including administrative and staffing) · • Limitations The side bar presents information on which BMP objective applies, targeted· constituents, and an indication of the level of effort and costs to implement. The remainder of the fact sheet provides further information on some or all of these topics, and provides references for additional guidelines. Sizing and design criteria for erosion and sedimentation control may be standardized for each local .area. This handbook cannot develop specific sizi~g criteria for all topographies and climates in California. Many local agencies have developed such criteria and should be coBSulted before sizing specific BMPs. A common design storm for sizing temporary erosion and sedimentation controls is a two- Construction Handbook BMPs for Erosion and Sedimentation Control Site Planning Considerations ESC I Scheduling ESC2 Preservation of Existing Vegetation Vegetative Stabilization ESCIO Seeding and Planting ESC 11 Mulching Physical Stabilization ESC20 Geotextiles and Mats ESC21 Dust Control ESC22 Temporary Stream Crossing ESC23 Construction Road Stabilization ESC24 Stabilized Construction Entrance Diversion of Runoff ESC30 Earth Dike ESC31 Temporary Drains and Swales ESC32 Slope Drain Velocity Reduction ESC40 Outlet Protection ESC41 Check Dams ESC42 Slope Roughening/I'erracing Sediment Trapping/Filtering ESC50 Silt Fence ESC51 Straw Bale Barrier E$C52 Sand Bag Barrier ESC53 Brush or Rock Filter ESC54 Storm Drain Inlet Protection ESC55 Sediment Trap ESC56 Sediment Basin year, 24-hour storm. Sizing criteria given in this handbook assume that such a storm would result in 0.042 ac-ft/ac. of runoff (0.5 inches of runoff). This should be appropriate for sizing controls in most areas. Keep in mind that these controls must also be able to safely contain or 5-i March, 1993 J l 7 j _J ,--. ! .J . J ""' l -J "7 ! . ., .. ..... ,_; ' 1 L..... : "\ t u - convey storms larger than the design storm for erosion and sediment control. These BMP fact sheets are suitable for inclusion in many SWPPPs for erosion and sedimentation control. They may be used to supplement and provide details for erosion and sedimentation controls shown on the project site map. In all cases, however, local erosion and sedimentation criteria and standards supersede the suggested . criteria on these fact sheets. BMPs fact sheets are provided for each of the following BMP categories, and are consistent with Worksheet 5 in Chapter 2. Construction Handbook S-2 March, 1993 r:::= i q i-;= a f UI • ~ s:: I» j .... \C ~ r-· - i r ... TABLE 5.1 EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL AND DMP OBJECTIVES BMP OBJECTIVES PRACTICE PROTECT GOOD MINIMIZE STABILIZE SLOPES HOUSE-CONTAIN DISTURBED DISTURBED AND BMP CATEGORY KEEPING WASTE AREA AREA CHANNEIS Site Plannine Considerations ESCl Schedulint ./ ,I ,I ,I ,I ESC2 Preservation of Existing Vegetation ./ ,I ,I Yeaetative Stabilization ESClO Seeding and Planting ,I ,I . ESCll . Mulching .I .I . Physical Stabilb;ation ESC20 Geotextiles and Mats ,I "./ ESC21 Dust Control ,/ ./ ,I ESC22 Tenu~orary Stream Crossing ./ .I .I ,/ ESC23 Construction Road Stabil.iz.ation ./ ./ ,I ./ ESC24 Stabilized Construction Entrance ./ ./ ./ Diversion of Runoff ESC30 Earth Dike ,I ./ ESC31 Temoorarv Drains and Swales ./ ESC32 Slooe Drain ./ Velocity Reduction ESC40 Outlet Protection ./ ESC41 Check Dams (see ESC 53 also) ./ ESC42 Slooe Roughenindferracini ./ ./ -1 , J· :) .... ., ----· . ,_____,.y CONTROL CONTROL SITE INTERNAL PERIMETER EROSiON ./ ./ ,I - ,I ,I ,I ./ ,I ./ - r--1· i q C S: 8 ~ 5., er ~ UI I .... f 1 .... \C ~ ' ESC50 ESC51 ESC52 ESC53 ESC54 ESC55 ESC56 PRACTICE GOOD HOUSE-CONTAIN BMP CATEGORY KEEPING WASTE Sediment Trappinv/Filterinl! Silt Fence Straw Bale Barrier Sand Bag Barrier Brush.or Rock Filter Stonn Drain Inlet Protection Sediment Trap Sediment Basin . . ') . HMP OBJECTIVES PROTECT MINIMIZE STABILIZE SLOPES CONTROL CONTROL DISTURBED DISTURBED AND SITE INTERNAL AREA AREA CliANNELS PERIMETER EROSl<JN ,I ,I ,I ,I .I ,I .I .I ,I .I ,I . .I .I -.I - BMP: SCHEDULING . DESCRIPTION Sequencing the construction project to reduce the amount.and duration of soil exposed to erosion by wind, rain, runoff, and vehicle tracking. SUIT ABLE APPLICATIONS Proper sequencing of construction activities to reduce erosion potential sho_uld be incorpo- rated into the schedule of every construction project. Use of other, more costly yet less · effective, erosion and sedimen~on controls, may often be reduced through proper construction sequencing. AP~ROACH • -Project design considerations: Design project to integrate into existing land contours . Significant regrading of a site will require more costly erosion and sedimentation control measures and may require that on-site drainage facilities be installed. Objectives Targeted Pollutants 0 Sediment 0 Nutrient• 0 Toxic Materiala 0 Oil& Grease 0 Floatable Materials 0 Other Construction Wute • Uk•ly to Htw• Significant Impact 0 ProbeJ. Low or Unknown Impact Implementation • Incorporate existing, natural areas: Inventory and evall,late the existing site terrain and vegetation. Disturbance of highly erosive natural· areas (e.g., steep, unstable slope ------- areas, watercourses) should be minimized, while protecting other areas may enhance site aesthetics. Construction should not disturb these areas (see ESC2). • Avoid rainy periods: Schedule major grading operations during' dry months. Allow enough time before rainfall begins to stabilize the soil with vegetation or physical means (see ESC 10 to 24) or to install temporary sediment trapping devices (see ESC • '• ti 50 to 56). · Practice erosion and sediment control year round: Erosion may be caused during dry seasons by "freak" rainfall, wind and vehicle tracking. Therefore, keep the site stabilized year-round, and retain wet season sediment trapping devices. Minimize soii exposed at one time: Schedule projects to disturb poly small portions of the site at any one time. Complete grading as soon as possible. Immediately stabilize the disturbed portion before grading the next portion. Practice staged seeding-revegetate cut and fill slopes as the work progresses. · Trenching:-Oo~ and stabilize open trenches as soon as possible. Sequence trench- ing projects so that most open portions of the trench are closed ·before new trenching is begun. · REQUIREMENTS • Cost Construction scheduling to reduce erosion may increase other construction costs due to reduced-economies of scale in performing site grading. The cost-effec- tiveness of scheduling techniques should be compared with the other, less effective erosion and sedimentation controls to achieve a cost-effective balance . . Construction Handb9ok S-S Requirements 0 Capital Costs 0 O&MCoata · 0 Maintenance 0 Training 0 Sultlbi/ity for Slopa>5" -I e High O Low ESC1 March, 1993 L -- BMP: SCHEDULING ( Continue) LIMITATIONS There ~ no significant limitations to the use of this BMP. REFERENCES Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Flood Control District of Maricopa County, Arizona -1992. Erosion and Sediment Control Guidelines for Developing Areas in Texas, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conser- vation Service, Fort Worth, Texas -1976. Storm Water Management for Construction Activites. Developing Pollution Prevention Plans and Best Management Practices, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Offi.ce of Water (EPA 832-R-92-00S) -September, 1992. Virginia Erosion and Sediment Control Handbook. Third Edition, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and Water Conservation -1992. ESC1 Construction Handbook S-6 March, 1993 ' L e· BMP: PRESERVATION OF EXISTING VEGETATION GENERAL DESCRIPTION Carefully planned preservation of existing vegetation minimizes the potential of removing · or injuring existing trees, vines, shrubs and/or grasses that serve as erosion controls. SUIT ABLE APPLICATIONS • Areas within site where no construction activity occurs, or occurs at a later date. • Sensitive areas where natural vegetation exist and should be preserved, such as: steep slopes, watercourses, and building sites in wooded areas. • Areas where local, state and federal government requires preservation, such as: vernal · pools, wetlands, marshes, certain oak trees, etc. INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA· • Clearly mark, flag or fence vegetation or areas where vegetation should be preserved. • Prepare landscaping plans which include.as much existing vegetation as possible and state proper care of this vegetation both-dunng and after construction. • Define and protect with berms, fencing, signs, etc., a setback area from vegetation to be preserved. Setback area size should be based on the location,· species, size, age and potential impact of adjacent construction activities or permanent improvements. • Proposed landscaping plans which do not include plant species that compete with the existing vegetation. · • Do not locate construction traffic routes, spoil piles, eic., where significant adverse impact on existing vegetation may occur. REQUIREMENTS • Maintenance Inspection and maintenance requiremeQts for protection of vegetation are low. Dur_ing construction the limits of grading or disturbance should be cJearly marked at all times. Irrigation or maintenance of native trees or vegetation should conform to specifi- cations on the Landscape Plan. • ·cost . There is little cost as$0Ciated. with preserving existing vegetation if properly planned during the project design, and may yield aesthetic benefits which enhance property values .. LIMITATIONS • Requires forward planning by the owner/developer, contractor and design staff. • For sites with diverse topography, it is often difficult and expensive to save existing trees while grading the site satisfactorily for the planned development. Construction Handbook 5.7 Objectives Housekeeping Practices Contain Waste Control Internal Erosion Targeted Pollutants • Sediment 0 Nutrients 0 Toxic Materials 0 Oil& Grease 0 Floatable Materials 0 Other Construction Waste • UkelytoHave Slgnlflcant Impact 0 Probable Low or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements 0 Capital Costs 0 O&MCosts 0 Maintenance 0 Training • Suitability for Slopes;i,,5% • High O Low ESC2 March, 1993 .L -- Additional Information -Preservation of Existing Vegetation Toe best way to prevent excessive erosion is to not disturb the land. On a construction site, where extensive land disturbance is necessary, a reasonable BMP would be to not disturb land in sensitive areas of the site which need not be altered for the project to be viable (e.g., natural watercourses, steep slopes), and to design the site to incorporate particu- larly unique or desireable existing vegetation into the site landscaping plan. Clearly marking and leaving a buffer area around these unique areas will both help to preserve these areas as well as take advantage of natural erosion prevention and sediment trapping in naturally vegetated areas. Existing vegetation to be preserved on the site must be protected from mechanical and other injury while the land is being developed. The purpose of protecting existing 'vegetation is to insure the survival of desirable vegetation for shade, beautification, and erosion protection. Mature vegetation has extensive root systems that help to bold soil in place, thus reducing erosion. Also, vegetation helps to keep soil from dcying rapidly and becoming susceptible to erosion. To effectively save existing vegetation, no disturbances of .any kind should be allowed within a defined area around the vegetation. For trees, no construction activity should occur within the drip line of the tree. the following crUeria may be used for deciding which vegetation. will remain on the site: • Aesthetic values: Consideration should be given to foliage, flowering habits, bark and crown characteristics (for trees). • Freedom from disease and rot. • Life span of trees: Short-lived trees need not be preserved. • Environmental values: Habitat; screening; and buffers. • Sudden exposure: Save vegetation which grows in direct sunlight and ·is able to withstand radiated heat from proposed buildings and pavement. • Space needed: Sufficient space must be provided between the vegetation and any structures, electric and telephone lines, water and sewer lines, driveways and streets. Mark trees and shrubs with bright paint or ribbon so there is no doubt as to which trees and shrubs are to be left and protec~ from damage during construction. · Saving existing vegetation and mature trees on-site, beautifies the area and may save money by reducing new landscap- ing requirements. Mature trees also increase property values and satisfy consumer aesthetic needs. Preserving and protecting existing vegetation can often result in more stable soil conditions during construction. Careful site planning and identification of-plantings to preserve can provide erosion' and sedimentation controls during construc- tion, and contribute to the aesthetics of the development. For example, in Sacramento County a tree ordinance has been adopted that protects the native California Oak tree. Provisions to protect the tree and its root system during construction must be specified in the project plans, and an area must be provided where the soil stability may not be disturbed. No grading or construction storage within the tree dripline is allowed. IiJstaJJation/A12pUcatio9 Building sites may be planned to integrate existing vegetation and trees. Construction impacts must be considered. Trench width for pipe construction projects and the location of permanent structures, such as buildings, needs to be considered when preserving existing vegetation, including mature trees and their root system. Native vegetation should be preserveq since it is able to adapt to the climate. The USDA Soil Conservation Service should be contacted about existing vegetation for sites throughout California. Mature trees are generally preferable to newly planted trees because of the greater soil stabilization provided by the extensive root system of a mature tree. ESC2 Construction Handbook 5-8 March, 1993 ' ...__ r L -- Additional Information -Preservation of Existing Vegetation :Methods for protecting existing vegetation and trees: • Stake off root system Umits (drip line of tree). Some counties limit construction within 5 feet 9f the tree drip line. • Fence off the area to be preserved or along the tree drip line. • Flag or mark trees to remain in place. • Tree wells and retaining walls (permanent) help preserve existing vegetation, but must be large enough to protect the root system (see below). ~-For the California Oak tree, no trenching or migation should be allowed within the driplines of the tree, since both these activities are detrimental to the preservation of the tree. • Where grading under trees is necessary, excavation and fill should be limited to I foot within the driplines. REFERENCES Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Flood Control District of Maricopa County, Arizona, September 1992. County of Sacramento Tree Preservation Ordinance -September 1981. Stormwater Management Water for the Puget Sound Basin, Washington State Department of Ecology, The Technical Manual-February 1992, Publication# 91-75.· Water Quality Managemen_t Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency-November 1988. ESC2 Construction Handbook 5.9 March, 1993 I L BMP: DUST CONTROLS GENERAL DESCRIPflON Dust control measures are used to stabilize soil from wind erosion, and reduce dust generated by construction activities. · ·SUIT ABLE APPLICATIONS • Clearing and grading activities. • Construction vehicle traffic on unpayed roads. • Drilling and blasting activities. · • Sediment tracking onto paved roads. • Soil and debris storage piles. • Batch drop from front end loaders. • Areas with unstabilized soil. • Final grading/site stabilization usually is sufficient to control post-construction dust sources. INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA • Schedule construction activities to minimi:u exposed area (See ESC 1). • Quickly stabilize exposed soils using vegetation, mulching, spray-on adhesives, calcium chloride, sprinkling, and stone/gravel layering (See ESC, 10 and 11). • Identify and stabilize key access points prior to commencement of construction (See ESC24). • Minimizing the impact of dust by anticipating the direction of prevailing winds. • Direct most construction traffic to stabilized roadways within the project site (See ESC 23). REQUIREMENTS • Maintenance Most dust control measures require frequent, often daily, attention. • Cost Installation costs for water/chemical dust suppressioo are low, but annual costs may be quite high since the&e measures are effective for only a few hours to a few days .. LIMITATIONS • Watering prevents dust only for a.short period an(! should be applied daily (or more • • • often) to be effective. · Overwatering ~Y cause erosion . Oil should not be use.d for dust control because the oil may migrate into drainageway · and/or seep into the soil. · Certain cbemically-tteated subgradcs may make soil water repellant, increasing runoff. . Comtruction Handbook 5 • 25 Obj'Pctives ~ Contain Wast, Prot,ct Slopes/Chann,ls ~trol Site P,rime]!l) Control lnt,mal Erosion Targeted Pollutants • Sediment 0 Nutrient• g Toxic Mllteriala g Oil& Gre•e 0 F/ostllble Material• 0 Other Construction Wute • Uke/y to H1tv• Significant Impact 0 Probable Low or Unknown Impact Implementation Requirements 0 Capital Coat• g O&MCosta g Maintenance 0 Training 0 Suitability for Slopa>5" I e High O Low ESC21 March, 1993 -- Additional Information -Dust Controls California's meditemmean climate, with short wet ~ns and long hot dry seasons, allow the soils to thoroughly dry ouL During these dry seasons, construction activities are at their peak, and disturbance and exposed areas are increas- ingly subject to wind erosion, sediment tracking and dust generated by construction equipment. bust control, as a BMP, is a practice that is already in place for many construction activities. Los Angeles, the North . Coast and Sacramento, among others have enacted dust control ordinances for construction activities that cause dust to be transported beyond the .construction project property line. Recently, the State Air Resources Control Board has, under the authority of the Clean Air Act, started to address air quality in relation to inhalable particulate matter less than 10 microns (PM-10). 90% of these small particlesare considered tobe dust. Existing dust control regulations by local agencies, municipal departments, public works department, and/or public health departments are in place in some regions within Calif omia. For jurisdictions that have no formal dust control regulations and/or standards, Sections 10, 17 and 18 of CalTrans' Standard Specifications provide detailed provisions for dust control practices. Many local agencies require dust control in order to comply with local nuisance laws, opacity laws (visibility impair- i:nent) and the requirements of the Clean Air Act. The following are measures that local agencies may have already implemented as requirements for dllst control from contractors: • Constructiop & Gmdin& Pe,mits: Require provisions for dust control plans; • Qpadty Emi55iop Limits: Enforce compliance with California air pollution control laws; • Increase overall enforcement ru:;tjviUes: Priority given to cases involving citizen complaints; • Maintain field Agpljc;ation Recor$: Require records of dust control measures from contractor; • Stonmyarer Pollutiop Preveptiop Plan; <SWPPP): Integrate dust control measures into SWPPP. Pust Control Practices Dust control BMP's generally stabilize exposed surfaces and minimize activities that suspend or track dust particles. Table ESC21.1 shows which Dust Control BMPs apply to site conditions which cause dusL For heavily traveled and disturbed areas, wet suppression (watering), chemical dust suppression, gravel or asphalt surfacing, temporary gravel construction entrances, equipment wash-out areas, and haul truck covers can be employed as dust control applications. Permanent or temporary vegetation and mulching and sand fences can be employed for areas of occasional or no con- struction traffic. Preventive measures would include minimizing surface areas to be disturbed, limiting on-site vehicle traffic to 15 miles per hour, and controlling the number and activity of vehicles on a site at any given time. Many of the reasonably available control measures for controlling dust from construction sites can also be implemented as BMPs for storm water pollution prevention. Those BMPs include: • Pave, vegetate, or chemically stabilize access points where mipaved traffic surfaces adjoin paved roads. • Provide covers for haul trucks transporting materials tllat contribute to dust. • Provide for wet suppression or chemical stabiliz.ation of exposed soils. • Provide for rapid clean-up of se4iments deposited on paved roads. Furnish stabilized construction road entrances and vehicle wash down areas. • Stabilize unpaved haul roads, parking and staging areas. Reduce speed and trips on unpaved roads. • Implement dust control measures for material stockpiles. • Prevent drainage of sediment laden storm water onto ,paved surfaces. • Stabiliz.e abandoned construction sites using vegetation or cbemi~ stabilil.ation methods. • Limit the amount of areas disturbed by clearing and earth moving operations by scheduling these activities in phases. For the chemical· stabilization, there are many products available for chemically stabilizing gravel roadways and stock- piles. The types of chemicals available and recommendations for their use are tabulated in Table ESC 21.2, Commonly Used Chemicals for Dust Control. ESC21 Construction Handbook S -26 March, 1993 --' • - Additional Information -Dust controls In addition, there are many other BMPs iderttitied in this handbook that provide dust control including: • Seeding and Plantings (ESC 10) • Mulching (ESC 11). • Construction Road Stabili:zation (ESC 23) • Stabili:zed Construction Entrances (ESC 24) Limitations • · Oil treated subgrades should not be used because the oil may migrate into drainageways and/or seep into the soil. • Chemically treated subgrades may make the soil water: repellant,. interfering with long-tem1 infiltration, and the vegetation/re-vegetation of the site. Some chemical dust suppressants may be subject to freezing and may contain solvents and should be handled properly. • ~pbalt, as a mulch tack or chemical mulch, requires a 24 hour ciµing time to avoid· adherence to equipment, worker shoes, etc. Application should be limited because asphalt surfacing may eventually migrate into the drainage system. • In compacted areas, watering and other liquid dost control measures may wash sediment or other constituents into the drainage system. · REFERENCES Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Flood Control District of Maricopa C<>Wlty, Arizona, September 1992. California Air Pollution Control Laws, California Air Resources Board, 1992. CaITrans, Standard Specifications, Sections 10, "Dust Control"; Section 17, "Watering"; and Section 18, "Dust Pallia- tive". Prospects for Attaining tbe State Ambient Air Quality Standards for Suspended Particulate Matter (PMI0), Visibility Reducing Particles, Sulfates, Lead, and Hydrogen Sulfide, California Air Resources Board, April 1991. Sacramento County, Wirtteri7.ation Ordinance & Dust Control Ordinance (example). USDA Soil Conservation Service, "Guides for Erosion and Sediment Control". ESC21 Construction Handbook· S • 27 March, 1993 C.:J ~ q C: n = 8 == &. [ "' I N 00 ~ j .... ~ [ ·:_J t .... L SJTE CONDITION Disturbed Areas not Subject to Tram~ Disturbed Areas Subject to Traffic Material Stock Pile .Stabilii.ation Demolition Clearing/Excavation Truck Traffic on Unpaved Roads Mud/Dirt Carry-Out ,; . 'j ' ' TABLE ESC 21.1 DUST CONTROL BMPs FOR GIVEN SITE CONDITIONS DUST CONTROL IIMPs Temporary Gravel Wet Chemical Granl or ·co11slrucll1111 Pem1a11e11t Suppression Dust Asphalt Sand Entram:es/Equlpment Vegetallon Mulch111g (Watering) Supprl!SSloo Surfacing Fences WashDmm X X X X X X X X X X· X x, X X X X X X X X ' ... -1 , I ' ] ~ -, l ·-·~ •' ----;-.... .\ ~--J Minimize Haul Extmt Truck of' An-a Covers Disturbed -X X X X X -X l l r::::::: r,-:-~ i q s:: n -8. if = Q,, [ . UI • ~ J ,... ~ 1, r-. --.. y• • \ r .. J TABLE ESC 21.2 COMMONLY USED Cl{EMICALS FOR DUST CONTROL SALTS ORGANIC, NON PETROLEUM-BASED CHEMICAL TYPES • Calcium Chloride2 • Calcium Lignosulfonate • Magnesium Chloride • Sodium Lignosulfonate • Natural Brines • Ammonium Lignosulfonate LIMITATIONS Can lose effectiveness in dry Not affected by dry weather periods with low humidity. . and low humidity. Leached Leaches from road in heavy rain from road in heavy rain if not sufficiently cured. Not recommended for gravel roa~ Best performance on gravel surfaces with low fines. roads with high surface fines Recommended 10-20% fines. (10-30%) and dense compact surface with loose gravel. COMMENTS Calcium Chloride is popular. May Ineffective .on gravel surfaces become slippery when wet on low in fines. May become gravel surfaces with high fines. slippery when wet on grave.I surfaces with high fines content. 1 Motor oils and oil treabnents are not recommended due to adverse effects on plant life and groundwater. 2 Not recommended due to adverse effects on plant life. PETROLEUM BASED PRODUCTS1 i • Bunker Oil • Asphalt Primer • Emulsified Asphalt Generally effective regardless of climatic conditions may pothole in wet weather. Best performance on gravel roads with 5-10% fines. Creates a hardened crust. ·1, ,..., --'.,• --J ·e - r- i ~ -- BM p: STABILIZED CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE Objectives t--------------------------------1 <:Jjj,USllcHplng PractiiiJ::> GENERAL DESCRIPTION The construction entrance practice is a stabilized pad.of aggregate underlain with filter cloth located at any point where traffic will be entering,or leaving a construction site to or from a public right-of-way, street, alley, sidewalk or parking area. Stabalizing the construction entrance significantly reduces the amount of sediment (dust. mud) tracked off-site, especially if a wasbrack incorporated for removing caked on sediment. SUIT ABLE APPLICATIONS • All points of construction ingress and egress. • Unpaved areas where sediment tracking occurs from site onto paved roads. INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA • Construct on level ground where possible. • Stones should be 1-3 inches. • Minimum depth of stones should be 6 inches or as recommenqed by soils engineer. • Length should be 50-foot minimum, and 30-footminimum width~ • Provide ample turning radii as part of entnµlce. REQUIREMENTS • Maintenance Inspect monthly and after each rainfall. Replace gravel material when surface voids are visible. Remove all sediment deposited on paved roadways within 24 hours. R~ove gravel and filter fabric at completion of construction • Cost: Average annual cost for installation and maintenance (Source: BP A. 1992) Without Wash Rock: $1500 each. With Wash Rock: $2200 each. LIMITATIONS Contain Wast, <:lf§imiz, Disturbld Ar~ Cftabiliu Disturbld Ati,ii> Protect Slop,s/Channlls <::C2ntrol Sit, P1rim,1if;> Control lnt,mal Erosion Targeted Pollutants ~ Sediment Q Nutrient• Q Toxic Materiala Q Oil & Grease 0 Floatab/e Material• 0 Other Construction Wute • UkelytoHIIVe SlgnlflC11nt lmp,,ct 0 Probable Low or Unknown lmpct Implementation Requirements g Capital Coat• 0 O&MCo•ta 0 Maintenance 0 Training 0 Suitability for Slopu>5" • Requires periodic top dressing with additional stones. .----------.• • Should be used in conj1D1ction with street sweeping on adjacent public right-of-way. j • High O Low ESC24 Construction Handbook S -37 March, 1993 -- Additional Information -Stabilized Construction Entrance A-stabilized construction entrance is a pad of aggregate underlain with filter cloth located at any point where traffic will be entering or leaving a construction site to or.from a public right-of-way, street, alley, sidewalk or parking area. The purpose of a stabilized construction entrance is to reduce or eliminate the tracking of sediment onto public rights-of-way or streets. Reducing trackout of sediments and other pollutants onto paved roads helps prevent deposition of sediments inio local storm drains and production of airborne dust. Where traffic will be entering or leaving, a stabilized construction entrance should be used at all points of construction ingress and egress. NPDES permits require that appropriate ~easures be implemented to prevent trackout of sediments onto paved roadways, which is a significant source of sediment!l derived from mud and dirt carryout from the unpaved · roads and-construction sites. Stabiliwi construction entrances are moderately effective in removing sediinent from equipment leaving a construction. site. The entrance should be build on the level grmmd. Advantages of the Stabilized Construction Entrance is that it does remove some sediment from equipment and serves to c~nel construction traffic in and out of the site at specified locations. Efficiency is greatly increased when a washing rack is included as part of a stabilized construction entrance. The aggregate for a stabilized construction entrance aprons should be 1 to 3 inches in size, washed, well-graded gravel or crushed rock. Minimum apron dimensions of 30 ft. x 50 ft. and 6 inches deep is adequate for two-way ingress/egress traffic. The entrance must be properly graded to prevent runoff from leaving the construction site. When wash areas are provided, washing is done on a reinforced concrete pad (if significant washing is necessary) or in an area stabilized with crushed stone which drains into a properly constructed sediment trap or basin (ESC 55 and 56). Sediment b~ers are provided to prevent secfu:nents from entering into the stormwater sewer system, ditch, or waterway. Uroitatinns • Construct on level ground. • Stabilized construction entrances are rather expensive to construct and when a wash rack is included, a sediment trap of some kind must also be provided to collc~ct wash water runoff. • Requires periodic top dressing with additional stones. • Should be used in conjunction with stteet sweeping on adjacent public right-of-way. REFERENCES Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites,-Flood Control District of Maricopa County, Arizona, September 1992. Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, June 1981. , Proposed Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, Work Group Working Paper, USEPA, April, 1992. Stermwater Management Wat.er for the Puget Sound Basin, Wa.wngtonState Department of Ecology, The Technical Manual -February 1992, Publication# 9i-75. - Virginia Erosion and Sedimentation Control Handbook, Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Soil and WatN Conservation, 1991. Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency -November 1988. Construction Handbook 5 • 38 ESC24 March, 1993 • Additional Information -Stabilized Construction Entrance / / / / DITCH TO CARRY WASH WATER TO SEDIMENT BASIN OR TRAP /.· 1-VEHCLE_ LEt-GTH REINFORCED CONCRETE CHANNEL/DITCH BOTTOM FILTER FABRIC 1" TO 3" COARSE AGGREGATE WASH RACK ( SCHEMATIC) STABLIZEP CONSTRUCTION ENTRANCE ESC24 Construction Handbook S • 39 March, 1993 ' l b,., -- BMP: SILTFENCE --------------------:::. =-:::. -------- GENERAL DESCRIPTION A silt fence is made of a filter fabric which bas-been entrenched, attached to supporting poles, and sometimes backed by a wire fence for support. the silt fence detains sediment- laden water, promoting sedimentation behind the fence. SUIT ABLE APPLICATIONS • 'Along the perimeter of the site .. • Below the~ of a cleared slope. • Along streams and channels. • Around temporary spoil areas. • Across swales with catchments less than 1 acre. -• Below other small cleared areas. INSTALLATION/APPLICATION • Use principally in areas where sheet flow occurs. • Install along a level contnur, ~ water does not pond more than 1.5 feet at any point. • No more than l-acre, 100 ft., or 0;5 cfs of concentrated flow should drain to any point along the silt fence. • . Turn ends offence uphill. • Provide area behind the fence for runoff to pond and sediment to settle (approx. 1200 . sq. ft. per acre draining to the silt fence). • Select filter fabric which retains 85% of the soil, by weight, based on sieve analysis, but is not finer than an equivalent opening size of 70. REQUIREMENTS • Maintenance Inspect weekly and after eacb rainfall. Repair wherever fence i$ damaged. Remove sediment when it reaches 1/3 the height of the fence. • Cost (source: EPA, 1992) Average annual cost for installation and maintenance (assumes 6 month useful life): S7'per lineal foot (S850.per drainage acre) LIMITATIONS • Do not use where 85% of the soil, by weight, passes (hrough a No. 200 sieve because the filter fabric wi~l clog. · • Do not place fence on a slope, or across any contour line. • Do not use in streams, channels, oc anywhere flow bas concentrated. • Do not use in locations where ponded water may cause flooding. Construction Handbook S -62 Objectives HouukHping Practices Contain Wast, · Minimize Disturbed Ar11s Stabilize Disturbed Ar,as Protect Slopn!ChanlJfls Targeted Pollutants • Sediment 0 Nutrient• 0 Toxic Mater/a• 0 Oil& Gl'N6e 0 Floatable Material• 0 Other Conatruc:tion Wute • Uke/ytoHw• Significant Impact 0 Probe» Low or Unknown /mp11et Implementation Requirements g Capital Coat• g O&MCo•t. Q Maintenance 0 Training 0 Suitability for Slopa>5" I • High O Low ESC50 March, 1993 . ..... ii,._• -Additional Information -Silt Fence A silt fence is a temporary sediment barrier consisting of filter fabric stretched across and attached to supporting posts, entrencbe4, and, depending upon the strength of the fabric used, supported with wire fence. Silt fences trap sediment in two ways: (1) by intercepting and detaining rnaH amounts of sediment from distt.µ"bed areas during construction opera- tions in order to promote sedimentation behind the fence; and (2) by decreasing the velocity of low flows (up to 0.5 cfs) in swales. Silt fences may be used for perimeter control, placed upstre~ of the point(s) of discharge of sheet flow from a site. They may also be used as interior cpntrols below disturbed areas wh~ runoff may occur m the form of sheet and rill erosion, and perpendicular to minor swales or ditch lines for up to one acre contributing drainage areas. Silt fences are generally ineffective in locations where the flow is concentrated and ate only applicable for sheet or overland flows. Insra)latjon/A,pplication Planning: · Silt fences are generally most effective when the following placement criteria are .followed: • Limit the upstream drainage area to 1 acre or less when used alone or in combination with sediment basin in a larger site. • Toe maximum slope perpendicular to the fence line should be 1: r. . • .. Limit the maximum sheet or overland flow path length to any point along the fence to 100 feet. • Limit the concentrated flows reaching the fence to 0.5 cfs. Silt fences are preferable to straw barriers in many cases. Laboratory work at the Virginia Highway and Transportation Research Council bas shown that silt fences can trap a much higher percentage of suspended sediments than can straw bales. While the failure rate of silt fences is lower than that of straw barriers, there are many instances where silt fences have been improperly installed. The following installation methods can improve performance and should be followed: • Construct the silt fence along a level contour . . • Silt fences should remain in place until the disturbed area is permanently stabilized. • Provide sufficient room for runoff to pond behind the fence and to allow sediment removal equipment to pass between the silt fence and toes of slopes or other obstructions. About 1200 sq. ft. of ponding area should be provided for every acre draining to the fence. • Tum the ends of the filter fence uphill to prevent storm water from flowing around the fence. • Leave an undisturbed or stabilized area immediately downslope from the fence. · • Do not place in live streams or intermittently flowing channels. ·Design: Selection of a filter fabric is based on soil conditions at the construction site ( which affect the equivalent opening size (EOS) fabric specification) and characteristics of the support fence (which affect the choice of tensile strength). The designer·should specify a filter fabric that retains the soil found on the construction site yet will have openings large enough to permit drainage and prevent clogging. The following criteria is recommended for selection of the equivalent . opening size: 1. If SO percent or less oftbe soil, by weight, will pass the U.S. stancjard sieve No. 200, select the BOS to-retain 85 ~t of the soil. The BOS should not be fmer than .BOS 70. . 2. For all other soil types, the BOS should be no larger than the openings in the U.S. Standard Sieve No. 70 (0.0083 in. (0.21 mm.)l except where direct discharge to a stream, lake, or wetland will occur, then the EOS should be no larger than Standard Sieve No. 100. ESCSO Construction Handbook S. 63 March, 1993 -- Additional Information-Silt Fence To reduce the chance of clogging, it is preferable to specify a fabric with openings as large as allowed by the criteria. No fabric should be specified with an EOS. smaller than U.S. Standard Sieve No. 100 [0.0059 in. (0.15 mm.)]. If 85 percent or more of a soil; by weight. passes through the openings in a No. 200 sieve [0.0029 in. (0.074 mm.)], filter fabric should not be used. Most of the particles ip such a soil would not be retained if the EOS was too large, and they would clog the fabric quickly if the EOS was small enough to capture the soil. The fence should be supported by a wire mesh if the fabric selected does not have sufficient strength and bursting strength characteristics for the .planned application ( as.recommended by the fabric manufacturer). Filter fabric material should contain ultraviolet ray inhibitors and stabilizers to provide a minimum of six months of expected usable construc- tion life at a temperature range of o· F. to 120· F. Installation Guidelines: Filter fences are to be constructed on a level contour. Sufficient area should exist behind the fence for ponding to occur without flooding or overtopping the fence. • Posts.should be spaced a maximum of 6 feet apart and driven securely into the grotmd a minimum of 30 inches; • A trench ~ould be excavated approximately 8 inches wide and 12 inches deep along the line of posts and upslope from the barrier. • When standard s_trength filter fabric is used, a wite mesh support fence should be fastened se~urely to the upslope side of the posts using heavy-duty wire staples at least_ 1 inch long, tie wires or hog rings. The wire should extend into the trench a minimum of 4 inches. • The standard strength filter fabric should be stapled or wired to the fence, and 40 inches of the fabric should extend into the trench. When extra-strength filter fabric and closer post spacing are used, the wire mesh support fence may be eliminated and tlle filter fabric stapled or wired directly to the posts. • Avoid the use of joints. The filter fabric should be.purchased in a continuous roll, then cut to the length of the barrier. When joints are necessary, filter cloth should be spliced together only at a support post. with a minimum 6 inch overlap, and both ends securely fastened to the post • The trench sb01tld be backfilled with compacted native material. Reguirements Maintenance: Inspect monthly during dry periods and-immediately.after each rainfall. Repair as necessary. Sediment must be removed when it reaches approximately one ·third tl)e height of the fence, especially if heavy rains are expected. Filter fences should not be removed until the upslope area bas been permanently stabilized. · Limitations • · Filter fences will create a teJllPOl'BfY sedimentation pond on the upstream side of the fence and may cause temporary flooding. Fences not col)Structed on a level contour will be overtopped by concentrated flow resulting in failure of the filter fence. · · • Filter fences ~ DQtpractical where large flows of water are involved, hence the need to restrict their use to drainage areas of one acre or less, and flow rates of less than 0.5 cfs. • Problems.may arise from incorrect selection of pore size and/or improper installation. • Do not allow-water depth to ex~ 1.5 ft. at any point. • Improperly installed fences are subject to failure from IDldercutting, overlapping, or collapsing. ESCSO Construction Handbook S -64 March, 1993 7 I ._ -- Additional Information -Silt Fence REFERENCES Best Management Practices and Erosion Control Manual for Construction Sites, Flood Control District of Maricopa CoWlty, Anzona, Septemberl992. Environmental Action Manual, City of Austin, Texas, 1989. Manual of Standards of Erosion and Sediment Control Measures, Association of Bay Area Governments, Jun 1981. Proposed Guidance Specifying-Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters, Work Group Working Paper, USEPA, April, 1992. Sedimentation and Erosion Control Practices, An liltroductory_of Cwrent Practices (Draft), USEPA, 1990. Stormwater Management Manual for The Puget Sound Basin, Washington State Department of Ecology, Public Review Draft, 1991. Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume II, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regiol.lal Planning Agency -November 1988. ESCSO Construction Handbook 5. 65 March, 1993 ---,--------------------------- I I ... _ -- Additional Information -Silt Fence ,-2" X 4" WOOD POST. STANDARD OR BETTER OR / EQUAL AL TERNA TE: STEEL FENCE POST I I 1 FILTER FABRIC MA TERI AL 60" WIDE ROLLS. / ,. USE STAPLES OR WIRE RINGS TO A TT A TCH I . I F A~RIC TO WIRE .... ~!5 :I::: \ 1~'' i: .. ~ = i bli :#. ~ N 1-· ~ ,,. ~ -- FILTER FABRIC MA TERIA 2H X 2" 14 GA WIRE FABRIC OR EQUIV. FOLD & SET FILTER FABRIC INTO SOIL BACKFILL ANO COMPACT THE EXCAVATED SOIL IN TRENCH AND ON BOTH SIDES OF FILTER FENCE FABRIC 2" X 4" WOOD POST r --Jv<. ALT: STEEL FENCE POSTS SILT FENCE r--2" X 2" 14 GA WIRE I FABRIC OR EO~V. i ) ~ ESCSO Construction Handbook S • 66 March, 1993 7 . } rs I • J ,..... r, u - BMP: SAND BAG BARRIER GENERAL DEFINlTION Stacking sand bags along a level contour creates a barrier which detains ~ent-laden water, ponding water upstream of the barrier and promoting sedimentation. SUITABLE APPLICATIONS • Along the perimeter of the site. • Check dams across streams and channels. • Along streams and ch~nels • • Barrier for utility trenches in a. channel. • Across swales with small catchments. • Division dike or berm . • Below the toe of a cleared slope . • Create a temporary sediment trap . • Around temporary spoil areas. • Below other small cleared areas • INSTALLATION/APPLICATION CRITERIA • May be used in drainage areas up to S acres. • Install along a level contour. • Base of sand bag barrier should be at least 48 inches wide. • Height of sand bag barrier should be at least 18 inches high, · • 4 inch PVC pipe may be installed between the top layer of sand bags to drain large flood flows. • • • Provide area behind barrier for runoff to pond and sediment to settle, size according to sediment trap BMP criteria (ESC55). Place~ the toe of a slope • Use sand bags large enough and sturdy enough to withstandmajor flooding . REQUIREMENTS • Maintenance inspect after each rain. Resb.ape or replace damaged sand bags immediately. Remove sediment when it reaches six inches in depth. • Cost Sand bag barriers are more costly, but typically have a longer useful life than other barriers. LIMITATIONS • Sand bags are more expensive than other barriers, but also more durable. • Burlap ~ould not be used for sand bags. Construction Handbook 5 • 71 Objectives HousekHping Practices Contain Wast, Minimize Disturbed Areas Stabl/iz, Disturbed Ams ontrol Site Perime~ ~trol lnt,mal Eros"fi;:> Targeted Pollutants • Sediment 0 Nutrient• 0 Toxic Materi•,. 0 Oil& Gl'N6e 0 F/oatab/e Material• 0 Other Conatruction Wute • Ukely to H,we Significant lmpct 0 Probe,. Low or Unknown lmp11et Implementation Requirements • Capital Coat• 0 O&MCo•ta 0 Maintenance 0 Training Q Suitability for· s1o,,..>5'- • High O Low ESC52 March, 1993 -·- Additional Information -Sand Bag Barrier . Suitable Applications Sand bag berms may be used during construction activities in stream beds and utility construction in channels, temporary channel crossing for construction equip~ent, etc. Sand bag berms may also be installed parallel to roadway construc- tion. Sand bag berms may also be used to create temporary sediment traps, retention basins and in place of straw bales or silt fences. Examples of applications include: • Check dams across stream channels. • Barriers for utility trenches or other construction in a stream channel. • At temporary channel crossings. • May be used on a slope where straw bales and silt fences are not appropriate. • As a diversion dike. • Em~ent for a temporary sediment basin or retention basin. • Sediment bamers near the toe of slopes. • At construction perimeter. Advantages • Provides a semi-permeable barrier in potentially wet areas. • More permanent than silt fences or straw bales. • Allows for easy relocation on site to meet changing needs during construction. InstaJJatiop/AgnJication . Sand bag barriers may be used for sediment trapping in locations where silt fences and straw bale barriers are not strong enough. In addition, sand bag bamers are appropriate to use when construction of check dams or sumps in a stream is undesirable. The sand bag berms can provide the same function as a check dam without disturbing the stream or vegetation. The sand bag berm will also allow a small sediment retention area to be created prior to construction of final . . detention basins. For insW,lation of a sand bag berm; the following criteria should be observed: • Drainage Area -Up to five (5) acres • • . Height of Berm -18 inches minimum height, measured from the top_ of the existing growid at the upslope toe to the top of the bamer. • • • • • • Width of Berm -48 inches minimum width measured at .the bottom of the barrier; 18 inches at the top • Sand bag Size -Length 24 to 30 inches. width 16 to 18 inches and thickness six (6) to eight (8) inches. Weight 90 to 125pounds.· Sand bag Material -Polypropylene, polyethylene or polyamide woven fabric, minimum unit weight four (4) ounces per square yard, mullen bwst strength exceeding 300 psi and ultraviolet stability exceeding 70 percent. Use of burlap is discouraged since it rots and deteriorates easily. Grade of Sand -Coarse sand, gravel. Runoff water should be allowed to flow over the·tops of the sand bags or through four (4) inch polyvinyl chloride pipes embedded below the top layer of bags. Are.a behind the· sand bag barrier should be established acconling to sizing criteria for sediment trap BMP {ESC55) • REFERENCES· Best Management Practices and F.rosion Control Manual for Construction Sit.es, Flood Control District of Maricopa Cowity, Arizona, September 1992. Water Quality Management Plan for the Lake Tahoe Region, Volume n, Handbook of Management Practices, Tahoe Regional Planning Agency -November 1988. Construction Handbook 5-72 ESC52 March, 1993 D ~1 i i \ ' I • ;..j r ·, (", u Additional Information -Sand Bag Barrier 4" PVC .PIPE FLOW .. ConstructioJt Handbook 18" MIN H z 3 r 6" MIN DIAMETER ROCK 48"' MIN CRoss-s£crroN WOVEN FABRIC SANDBAG FILLED WITH COARSE SAND-MIN WEIGHT 40 LBS. 4" PVC PIPE FOR DRAINAGE DEPENDING ON FIELD CONDITIONS 24" MIN FRONT VIEW. SAND BAG BERty1. 5 -73 12" ESC52 March; 1993