HomeMy WebLinkAboutCT 01-05; CALAVERA HILLS VILLAGE W; INTERIM REPORT OF ROUGH (MASS) GRADING PHASE 1; 2004-05-04SENT BY GEOSOILS, INC.; 7609310915, MAY-604 34M PAGE 2
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Geotechnical GOologic Environmental
5741 Palmer Way • Carlsbad, California 92008 • (760) 4385 : FAX (760) 931 0915
M ay' 4,2004
- I WO 4254-B-SC
Brookfield Home5
12865 Pointe Dal Mar, Suite 200
Del Mar, California 91014 1
Attention Mr Dale Gleed and Ms Dee Gallegos
Subject Interim Report of Rough (Mass) Grading, Phase , Lots :1 "through 9,
Lots 94 through 102, and Lot 114, Calavera Hills,JI, Village W, City of
Carlsbad, San Diego County, California Pit
References I"California Building Coda, California Code of Regulations," fltfe24, Part 2 Volume 2,
Adopted November 1, 2002, by the California Building' Commission
- . 2. Updaté of Geotechnical Report, Calavera Hills, Village W, 1,S rriia?
W 0 2750-A SC, dated October 22, 1999, by GeoSolls, Inc. -
3 "Uniform Building Code," 1997 edition, by lnternabonal Confetonce of Building Officials
Dear Mr Gleed and Ms Gallegos
In accordance with your request and authorization, GeoSolls, liic. (Si) Is rèsentIng this
interim report of rough grading Grading and processing of ongipal ground within the
subject lots was observed and selectively tested by a representave of GSI during the
earthwork phase of development for the subject property. The'.Icope of our äMces .•. V..
includes geotechnical observations during site grading, field density flnd laboratory testing,
and preparation of this summary letter.
T
At
he work performed to date is in general conformance with the recommendations
contained In our referenced report (GSl, 1999), and with the gradin Ordlnäncé of the V V V
of Carlsbad, California Field testing indicates that fills placed uner the purview of this
report have bean compacted to a minimum 90 percent relative copactlon Laboratory
testing performed to date Indicates that the subject lots have very low expansion
Potential Index [El] less than 20), in accordnce with Table 18-I-B of the
Uniform Building Code ([UBC], international Conference of Building Officials [ICBO],
1997) Testing also indicates that sulfate exposure Is negUglbl&lar Lots 1 through 9,
94 through 99, and 114, in accordance with Table 19-A-4 of the U$C (ICBO, 1997) The
sulfate exposure is moderate for Lots 100, 101, and 102, in accord 'ice with Table 1 9-A-4
of the UBC (lCBO, 1997) Based on our review of the as-buI site conditions, the
foundation categories for the subject lots are either '1," per Table 1 of Reference No 2,
SENT BY: GEOSOI.LS,INC.; 7609310l5; MAY-6-04 3:50PM;
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using conventional foundation design and construction, or l ,"erTabIó 2': of
Reference No. 2 using post-tension slab design and construbtion. General site
development criteria is attached in the Appendix. A final compa$tion; report of rough
grading and improvements construction, including observations id testing resutts for
rough grading, utilities, and driveway/parking areas, and final *)undation design is
forthcoming. ..'-.
The conclusions and recommendations presented herein are profesonaJ opinions. These
opinions have been derived in accordance with current standards of pn,cti,ce and no
warranty is expressed or implied. Standards of practice are subjecito thangé with time.
GSI assumes no responsibility or liability for work, testing, or recommendations performed
or provided by others, their inaction, or work performed without thebnfit of geotechnical -
observation and testing services by GSI
The opportunity to be of service is greatly appreciated If you have nyuqstiàns, please
do not hesitate to contact any of the undersigned.
-
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ResPectfuIiY.subm/°O\\ *
1.1 Robe<n rsm David W..Sk
Engineering Geolog4 Civil Erigineør, RCE
RGC/DWS/JPF/jk - 4 -
Attachment Appendix - Development Criteria
Distribution (4) Addressee
Brookfield Homes.
Village W, Calavera Hills II
F11e:e:\wp9\4200\4254bir02
CeoSoils, Inc.
SENT BY GE0S0ILS,INC , 760B310915, MAY 6 04 3 5OPM, PAGE 4
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APPENDIX
DEVELOPMENT CRITERIA
AN
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Slope Deformation
Compacted fill slopes designed using customary factors of safet for gross or surticial
stability and constructed in general accordance with the design specifications should be
expected to undergo some differential vertical heave or settlemedt in .comb!nation with
differential. lateral 'movement . in the out-of-slope diredtion, alter grading. This
post-construction movement occurs In two forms: slope creep, ari lateral fill. extension
(LFE). Slope creep is caused by alternate wetting and drying of th4
-`~-.&66rthr6ughout
lil soils which results
in slow downslope movement. This type of movement is expected the
life of the slope, and is anticipated to potentially affect improvemeits or structures (i.e.;:
separations and/or cracking), placed near the top-of-slope, up to ajnaXlmurn distance of
approximately 15 feet from the top-of-slope, depending on th s!ope height.... This :.-
movement generally results in rotation and differential settlement of lfrrovements located
within the creep zone LIFE occurs due to deep wetting from irrlation and rainfall on
slopes comprised of expansive materials. Although some movemer hould.béxpêcted,
long-term movement from this source may be minimized, but not 4flmlnated, by placing
the fill throughout the slope region, wet of the fill's optimum moisture content
It is generally not practical to attempt to eliminate the effects of either slope creep or LFE
Suitable mitigative measures to reduce the potential of lateral deformItlon typically include
. setback of imrovements from the slope faces (per the 1997 UC and/or. California
Building Code), positive structural separations (i.e., joints) between improvements, and
stiffening and deepening of foundations All of these measures as recommended for
design of structures and improvements The ramifications of the above cOnditions, and
recommendations for mitigation, should be provided to each homeowner nd/or any
homeowners association
Slope Maintenance and Planting .
Water has, been shown to weaken the inherent strength of. all Oath materials. Slope- .
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stability is significantly reduced by overly wet conditions Positive sUrface drainage away
from slopes should be maintained and only the amount of Irrtgationnecessary to sustain
plant life should be provided for planted slopes Over-watering should be avoided as itcan
adversely affect site improvements, and cause perched groundwater
req
r
n
conditions Graded
slopes constructed utilizing onsite materials would be erosive Eipded dab may be
minimized and surficial slope stability enhanced by establishing and riaintaining a suitable
vegetation cover soon after construction es Compaction to the face ofIl slop would tend MI 0 to minimize short-term erosion until vegetation Is established Plants selected for
landscaping should be light weight, deep rooted types that uirp little water and are
capable of surviving the prevailing climate Jute-type matting o othrfibrous covers may
- • ad in allowing the establishment ofa sparse plant cover. Utilizig ottierthañ those
- - com!nefld0d above will Increase the potential for perched water; sining; mOld, etc., to
develop A rodent control program to prevent burrowing shoiAd be Implemented
GeoSoils, Inc.
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SENT BY:'GEOSOILS, INC.; -•. - 76031015; I MAY-6-04 3:1PM;,, PAGES.
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Irrigation of natural (ungraded) slope areas is generally riot reorrdd. These
recommendations regarding plant type, irrigation practices, and rodent control should be
provided to each homeowner. Over-steepening of slopes shou be avoided during
building construction activities and landscaping
Dralnaoe
Adequate lot surface drainage is a very important factor in redudingthe likelihood of
adverse performance of foundations, hard scape, and slopes. Surfadráinagshould:be
sufficient to prevent ponding of water anywhere on a lot, and especlagy near structuri and
tops of slopes, Lot surface drainage should be carefully taken intoconsiJerátion
fine grading, landscaping, and building construction Therefore, carl should be taken that
future landscaping or construction activities do not create adversêdrainage conditions
- Positive site drainage within lots and common areas should be pródedand maintained
kg
- at all times. Drainage should not flow uncontrolled down any desndiñg slope. Water
should be directed-away from foundations and not allowed to ponand/or seep into the
ground. In general, the area within 5 feet around a structure should,slope away from the'
structure. We recommend that unpaved lawn and landscape aMasMave.a minimum
3 gradient of 1 percent sloping away from structures, and whenéveipbssible,shôuld be
above adjacent paved areas Consideration should be given to avdlding-ponstruction of
planters adjacent to structures (buildings, pools, spas, etc) Paddralnage should be
directed toward the street or other approved area(s) AIthough not a geotechnical
requirement roof gutters, down spouts, or other appropriate meats may be utilized to
control roof drainage. Down spouts, or drainage devices should outt$1! minImum of 5 feet •
from structures or into a subsurface drainage system.: Areas of seepge may develop due
to irrigation or heavy rainfall, and Should be anticipated. Minimizin irrigation wiil lessen - -
this potential: If areas of seepage develop, recommendatIons .forinlrnlzhg this effect.
could be provided upon request
Erosion Control
Cut and fill slopes will be subject to surficial erosion during and after grading Onsite earth
materials have a moderate to high erosion potential Conslderatlofl should be given to
providing hay bales and silt fences for the temporary control of 8'. water, from a
Mp geotechnical viewpoint
LandscaDe Maintenance
Only the amount of irngation necessary to sustain plant life siould be provided
Over-watering the.landscape areas will adversely affect proposed sit+ improvements. We
would recommend that any proposed operibottom planters a4acent to proposed •:
structures, be eliminated for,a minimum-distance of 10 feet.- As ar alternative, dosed-
:-hottorn type-planters could be utilized. An outlet placed in the botton of the planter, could
be installed to direct drainage away from structures or any extenor oncrete Ilatwork If
planters are constructed adjacent to structures, the sides and bottom the planter should
Brookfield Homes Appendix
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GeoSoUs, Inc.
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GJIUULYTt IiJ%JI4L
th&sthils adjacent
/CóoIIector pipes
óWflspoUts and
àcntasting:'
igatibn, poor
uld perched..
idwater conditions
ion can be provided
)ols, spas, etc.) are - -
Date
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SENT BY:,GEOSOILS, INC.; 760g310g15, MAY '6 04 3 SIPM, PAGE 6/16
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be provided with a moisture barrier to prevent penetratlorof i tiflwátr into the
subgrade. Provisions should be made to drain the excess irrigation vater from the planters
without saturating the subgrade below or adjacent to the planters4 iraded slope areas
should be planted with drought resistant vegetation. Consideration $hàüld be given to the
type of vegetation chosen and their potential effect upon surface imovenents (i e, some
trees will have an effect on concrete flatwork with their extensive rot systems) From a
leaching is not recommended for estabtishlglandscaping. If the geotechnical standpoint
surface soils are processed for the purpose of adding amend mnts, they should be
recompacted to 90 percent minimum relative compaction.
Gutters and Downspouts
As previously discussed In the drainage section, the installatloflof;qu
should be considered to collect roof water that may otherwise inflltr
to the structures. If utilized, the downspouts should be drained mu
or non-erosive devices that will carry the water away from the hots
gutters are not a requirement; however, from a geotechnical vii
positive drainage is incorporated into project design (as discussed
Subsurface and Surface Water
Subsurface and surface water are not anticipated to affect site develqpment provided that
the recommendations contained in this report are incorporated Ifito.iIhaI design and
construction and that prudent surface and subsurface drainage prac
into the construction plans. Perched groundwater conditions— oñ€
permeabilities may not be precluded from occurring in the future due
drainage conditions, or damaged utilities, and should be anticipal
groundwater conditions develop, this office could assess-the affecte
the appropriate recommendations to mitigate the observed. groi
Groundwater conditions may change with the introduction of irrigE
factors.
Site Improvements
Recommendations for exterior concrete flatwork design and constru
upon request. If in the future, any additional improvements (e.g.,
planned for the site, recommendations concerning the geological or
of design and construction of said improvements could be provide
office should be notified in advance of any fill placement, grading
backfilling after rough grading has been completed. This iflclUd
trench, and retaining wall backfills.
1 Brookfield Homes
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GeoSoils, Inc.
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caving or slouh1ng -
:0r ,excavating the
be necessary and
our, representatives
2 percent. above
minimum relative
emative for shallow
SENT BY: GEOSOILS, INC.;
Tile Flooring
7609310915; MAY-6
Tile flooring can crack, reflecting cracks in the concrete slab below.
cracks in a conventional slab may not be significant. Therefore
consider additional steel reinforcement for concrete slabiong1
placed. The tile installer should consider installation methods
cracking of the tile such as slipsheets. S1ipsheéts or a vinyl crac
(approved by the Tile Council of America/Ceramic Tile lnstitut
between tile and concrete slabs on grade.
Additional Grading
ie.tile,.although small
thesigner should
ie whretlle will be -'
hat reduce possible
lSolatipr membrane
This office should be notified in advance of any fill placement, supp entairegrading of
the site, or trench backfilling after rough grading has been c etéd This Includes
completion of grading in the street and parking areas and utility tre4ch and retaining wall
backflhis .
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Eotlng Trench Excavation
All footing excavations should be observed by a representative of tIs firm sulsequent to -
trenching and nor to concrete form and reinforcement placement The purpose of the
observations.is to verify that the excavations are made into the !4crnrTnded bearing
material and to the minimum widths and depths recommended for4onstructton If loose
or compressible materials are exposed within the tooting excavatiol!, a deeper footing or
removal and recompaction of the subgrade materials would be recorñrnendedatthattim
Footing trench spoil and any excess soils generated from utility trenexcavabons should ... -
be compacted to a minimum relative compaction of 90 percent, if riot removed from the
site
Trenching
Considering the nature of the onsite soils, it should be anticlpated:thi
could be a factor in subsurface excavations and trenching. Shod
trench walls at the angle of repose (typically 25 to 45 degrees) rn
should be anticipated. All excavations should be observed by one
and minimally conform to CAL-OSHA and local safety codes;
Utility Trench Backfll!
1. All interior utility trench backfill should be brought to at le
optimum moisture content and then compacted to obtain
compaction of 90 percent of the laboratory standard. As an
(12-inch to 18-inch) under-slab trenches, sand having a san
30 or greater may be utilized and jetted or flooded Into place....
and testing should be provided to verify the desired results
Brookfield Homes
FI1e:e:wp9\42O0\4254b.1ro2 Page
GeoSoils, Inc.
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SENT BY GE00ILS, INC ,
7609310915, MAY 6 043 S3PPJ
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- dl 'bëlC to, and within areas exteri2. Exterior trenches adjacent
from the outside bottom edge of the footirg, andaIl projected
hardscape features and in slopes, should be compacted to$ l ii
the laboratory standard Sand backfill, unless excavated frc$m tl¼
not be used in these backfill areas Compaction testing an4 obs
with should be accomplished to verify the desired probing,
. .
caLsa should conform to CAL-OSHA and loq. All trench excavations . . .. 3
beams, orfootinsShl 4 Utilities crossing grade beams perimeter
below the fthoting or grade beam utilizing a naraeneu cui1uuau.
through the footing or grade beam in accordance with therë63
structural engineer
.......................
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDATIONS REGARiNG
GEOTECHNICAL OBSERVATION AND TESTIG':T
-We recommend that observation and/or testing be performed by..,GSI
following construction stages
*. ..IV
During grading/recertification
. .
During significant excavation (i e, higher than 4 feet)
During placement of subdrajns, toe drains, or other subdraa9e
placing fill and backfill
After excavation of building footings, retaining wall footings, lid frc
... .. +k ri rnnnt elf reinforcing steel or conc 1OUUE1b, )Jl II L II I • • • ...
Prior to pouring any slabs or flatwork, after presoaking/preatüratj
pads and other flatwork subgrade, before the pIacemefltOOOflcrC
steel, capillary break (i e ,sand, pea-gravel, etc), or vapor IrlerS
etc.). ..
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During retaining wall subdrain installation, prior to backfilIpCifrle
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During placement of backfill for area drain, intenor p1umbifl9, utllit)
and retaining wall backfill -
During slope construction/repair.
?.•. . . . . • . :• • • .. (
When any unusual soil conditions are encountered durig- an
operations, subsequent to the issuance of this report
Brookfield Homes
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GeoSo Us, Inc.
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ding walls
SENT BY 4 GEOSOILS, INC , 7609310915, MAY 6 04 3 53PM, PAGE 9/10
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When any developer or homeowner improvements, such as MEN latfork, spas, pools,
walls, etc., are constructed. . . ••. . . . ...... ...' - .
A report of geotechnical observation and testing 'shouid be provided at the
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conclusion of each of the above stages, in order .toprovi4O'ñse and clear
documentation of site work and/or to comply with code reqlrements wl
OTHER DESIGN PROFESSIONALS/CONSULTANTS
The design civil engineer, structural engineer, post-tension designer architect, landscape
architect, wall designer, etc, should review the recommendatlia prpvtded herein,
incorporate those recommendations into all their respective puns, and by explicit
reference, make this report part of their project plans In order o mitigate potential OEM
distress, the foundation and/or improvement's designer should coifirrnto GSI and the
governing agency, in writing, that' the proposed foundations and/ox improvements can
tolerate the amount of differential settlement and/or expansion chareriscs and design'
criteria specified herein I
PLAN REVIEW
Any additional project plans should be reviewed by this office prior t4constriction, so that
construction is in accordance with the conclusions and recommendations of this report
Based on our review, supplemental recommendations and furtherotechnical studies
may be warranted
4
LIMITATIONS
The materials encountered on the project site and utilized for-our'naIysis are believed
representative of the area; however, soil and bedrock 'materials vary fri character between
excavation, and., natural outcrops orconditions exposed.,during mass gradinq Site -
conditions may vary due to seasonal changes or other factors
Inasmuch as our study is based upon our review and engineering analyses and laboratory
data, the conclusions and recommendations are professional opinions These opinions
have been derived in accordance with current standards of pract1c4, arid no warranty Is
expressed or implied Standards of practice are subject to change wiltitime GSI assumes
no responsibility or liability for work or testing performed :by- óthers or their inaction;
work performed when GSI' i not requested 'to be'.. onstte,.to 'evaluate it. our
recommendations have been properly implemented Use of this iport constitutes an
agreement and consent by the user to all the limitations outlihed abOve, notwithstandIng
any other agreements that may be In place In addition, this repott may be subject to
review by the controlling authorities
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SENT BY: GE00ILS, INC.; 7609310915;
TABLE 2
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•
fl
•
1 <20 Very Low <0.10
2 <20 Very Low <0.10
3 <20 Very. Low <0.10
4 <20 Very Low <0.10
5 <20 Very Low <0.10
6 <20 Very Low <0.10
7 <20 Very Low <0.10
8 <20 Very Low <0.10
9 <20 Very Low <0.10
10 <20 Very Low <0.10
.11 <20 Very Low <0.10
12 <20 Very Low <0.10
13 <20 Very Low - <0.10
14 <20 Very Low <0.10
15 <20 Very Low <0.10
16 <20 Very Low <0.10
17 <20 Very Low <0.10
18 <20 Very Low <0.10
19 <20 Very low <0.10
20 <20 Very low <0.10
Negligible I orl(P1)
-
Negligible 35- lerl(PT)
Negligible
t .
3-4.... I er l(PI)
Negligible l(P1)
Negligible , _ 3-4 I or
Negligible 34 Icr (P1)
Negligible 3-4 I or
Negligible V 3.7 I or i()
.
V
Negligible 4-10 I or i1)
Negligible 3.6 I or l(P1)
Negligible j45 .. tar i(PT)
Negligible 8. I or i(PT)
Negligible. -:.. I or.I(P,).. .
Negligible I ' I or I(P1) --
. Negligible i Ii or i(P1) p2-29
-- Negligible 522 1cr l(Fl)
Negligible -24 ii or l(P1)
. . . 11 Or l(PT)
Negligible
Negligible -18 Iorl(PT)
Negligible b.23.:.:
21 <20 Very low <0.10 - Negligible tws I or i(PT)
22 . <20 Very low <0.10 Negligible .. .1 or l(P1)
23 <20 Very. low <010 Negligible 6-17 Ii or iØ'T)
24 <20 Very low <0 10 Negligible i3.8 lot I(IT)
25 <20 Very low •
<0.10
.
Negligible
26 • <20 Very low <0.10 Negligible •
13.4 • . ..lcrl(P1) I
27 <20 Very low <010 Negligible .3.4 -
ioI(PT)
28 . <20 Very low <0.10 • Negligible
-
13j5
29 <20 Very low <0.10 Negligible 36 . . iori(FT).
-
Wi
-
92 -20 Very Low <010 Negligible 3-4 Icr I(PTI
93
94 -
<20 Very Low c 0.10 Negligible 3-4 I or l(PT)
<20 -
-
Very Low - <0.10 Negilgible
95 <20 Very Low <010 Negligible 3-5 iori(P1)..f
96 <20 Very Low <0 10 - Negligible 3-5 I or I(PT) 1
97 <20 Very Low <0 10 Negligible 3.4 I or l(P1)
IT 98 <20 - Very Lo'v, - <0 10 NegligIble 3-4 I or I(P1)
<20 - Very Low <0.10 Negligible
- - . ..--.
'34-y' ,.• ..:: .IorI(PI)':
... ..,...,..
. 100 <20 .Very Low '
-
012 Moderate -' .lorl(P1)" , !. .
101 <20 Very Low 0.12 Moderate . 3-4:•. .: 1 o l(P1) -
<20. —Very Low _O.i2 Moderate 3-4_. lorI(P1) .
103 <20 Very Low 0.12 'Moderate 3.4 I or l(F1)
104 '... .. <20 Very Low-- 0.12 . Moderate 34 . I or 1(n).'
105 •. <20 Very Low 0.12 Moderate
I-
3-4 I or l(PT)
106 -' <20 Very low 0.12.
- —t
Moderate I orl(Pi)
107' . <20 Very Low 0.12 Moderate
-.5'..
I or I(P1)
108 <20 Very Low 0.12 Moderate -.'. -., .• I or l(PT)
109 <20 Very LOW <0.10 Negligible., ;t. .ccIP1)
110 <20 . Very Low <0.10 Negligible. -10 . ..:lorl(PT)•
<20- Very Low <OlD Negligible -12 . Iorl(PT)
112 <20
-
Very Low <0.10 Negligible . .7-u1 l.orI(PI)
-
113 ,. <() -. Very Low • .< DiD Negligible ii.. l.or I(PT)
1114 ' ' <20" Very Low- '<0.1O Negligible . 38 lrl(P1Y f
115: <20 Very LOW <0.10..' Negligible- . .iorl(PT)
(tocreaction lot)
.
<20 . . Vary Low <0.10 Negligible, b-2S.: llorI(PT)
(recreation lot)
Per Table 13-I-B of the Uniform Building Code (1997 ed.) . . . ...
121 Per Table 19-A-4of the Uniform Building Code (1997ed.) ..
Foundations should be constructed In accordance with recommendations for the specific geelO1ed above and presented
in the text ot this report (PT recommendations) and Table 3. . .- - - :
7609310g15, MAY 6 O4 3 56P;ç PAGE 14/16
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and the recommendations of a structural or civil engineerqua1lfied in PT slab
design Alternatives to PTI methodology may be used if equlvWerit systems can be
proposed which accommodate the angular distortions, expan*Jon parameters, and
settlements noted for this project If alternatives to PTI ai sugested by the
designer or structural consultant, consideration should begiven foraddltional
review by a qualified structural PT designer. Soil related parameters for PT—slab
design, are presented on the following
j. -
CATEGORY I (P1)* ATEGORY II (PT)
Perimeter Footing Embedment* 12 inches 12 lnches**
Allowable Bearing Value 1, 000 psf*** 1,000 pst : Modules ofsubgrade reaction 100 psilinch .75 PSI/inCh
Coefficient of Friction . . . 035 • . O.35 '..
Passive Pressure •- . . . 225 pcI 22&66f,
SoilSucbon(Pt) 36 36
Depth to Constant Soil Suction 5 feet 5 feet Vm
Thorrithwaite Moisture -20.0 -200
e, Edge 2.5 •'2.7 ,
em Center 5 0 5
' Y,edge . ... . n ..
' ..... ...
. .- ....
Ym Center
Minimum Slab Thickness 5 inches . 5 inChes
* Foundation design using the spanability method may also be used for Categry I c0nd11i6ns
** Lab data indicates E.1- 0-50 for this site
*** Bearing for slab on grade only bearing value for interior or perimeter beams sPuld be in accordance
With parameters provided for conventional continuous and isolated spread ¶ootlnØs
7 Provided the recommendations contained in this report are iriorporated into final
design and construction phase of development, a majority ('50 percent) of the
anticipated foundation settlement is expected to occur diring construction
Maximum total settlement is not expected to exceed approximtely 11/2 inches and
should occur below the heaviest loaded columns Differential settlement Is not
anticipated to exceed % 01 an inch between similar elemen1 In a 40-foot span
Designers of PT slabs should review the parameters provided for PT slabs, and
compare using a span distance of 5 feet using a modules of sibgrade reaction of
125 psi in their evaluation -
8. In accordance with guidelines presented in the UBC, improvemntsand/or footings, .
should maintain a horizontal distance, X, between any adjacent descending slope
face and the bottom outer edge of the improvement and/or footing The horizontal
distance X, may be calculated by using X = h/3 X should not e less than 7 feet
nor need not be greater than 40 feet X may be maintainedby deepening the
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