HomeMy WebLinkAboutCT 02-27; LA COSTA FAIRWAYS; PRELIMINARY STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN; 2003-01-15I
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PRELIMINARY STORM WATER
MANAGEMENT PLAN
For
LA COSTA FAIRWAYS
Revised: January 15, 2003
Prepared: October 7, 2002
JN 02-1040/5
Prepared By:
O'DAY CONSULTANTS
5900 Pasteur Court, Suite 100
Carlsbad, CA 92008
Christopher J. Scott RCE 63908 Date
CTD1-21
Prepared by: CJS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................................................. .3
1.1 Hydrologic Unit Contribution ....................................................... .3
1.2 Beneficial Uses .............................................................................. 3
2.0 CHARACTERIZATION OF PROJECT RUNOFF ........................... .4
2.1 Soil Characteristics ........................................................................ 4
2.2 Potential Discharges ....................................................................... 4
3.0 MITIGATION MEASURES TO PROTECT WATER QUALITY ... .5
3.1 Construction BMPs ........................................................................ 5
3 .2 Post Construction BMPs ................................................................ 5
3.2.1 Dry street sweeping .............................................................. 6
3.2.2 Brow ditch maintenance ...................................................... 6
3.2.3 Discharge monitoring ........................................................... 6
3.2.4 Trash management ............................................................... 6
3.2.5 Landscape and irrigation maintenance ................................. 6
3.2.6 Storm drain tiling ................................................................. 6
3 .2. 7 Minimization of impervious area ......................................... 7
3.2.8 Bio-filtration swales ............................................................. 7
3.2.9 Detention basin .................................................................... 7
4.0 MONITORING, INSPECTION, AND REPORTING ........................ 7
Attachments:
1. Beneficial uses for the hydrologic unit
2. Vicinity map
3. Project site plan & BMP map
4. Construction phase BMP datasheets
5. Post-construction phase treatment control BMP datasheets
6. Drainage Inlet Filtration Inserts
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STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN
Federal, state and local agencies have established goals and objectives for storm water quality in
the region. The proposed project, prior to the start of construction activities, will comply with all
federal, state and local permits including the Stormwater Management Plan (SWMP) required
under the County of San Diego Watershed Protection, Stormwater Management, and Discharge
Control Ord,inance (WPO) (section 67.871), and the N~tional Pollution Discharge Elimination
System (NPDES) from the Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB). ·
The purpose of this SWMP is to address the water quality impacts from the proposed
improvements as shown on the Tentative Map. This project will provide guidelines in
developing and implementing Best Management Practices (BMPs) for storm water quality
during construction and post construction. Since the site is less than 5 acres, a Storm Water
Pollution Prevention Plan will not be required.
1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The project site is approximately 1.1 acres of land located on La Costa A venue, about 1 mile east
of El Camino Real (see vicinity map, attachment 2). The site consists oflots 4 and 5 of the La
Costa Greens $Ubdivision (Map #6708, recorded 8/18/1970). Currently the lots are graded, but
they contain no structures. This project proposes a multi-family development of four buildings
with a total of 10 units.
1,1 Hydrologic Unit Contribution
The project is located in the Batiquitos Hydrologic Subarea (904.51) of the San Marcos
Watershed in the Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit in the San biego Region. The site drains north to a
concrete drainage channel on the La Costa Resort and Spa golf course. It then travels about 1
mile west to Batiquitos Lagoon. This project represents less than 0.01 % of the Batiquitos
Hydrologic Subarea.
The proposed project will not alter the drainage patterns on site. A detention basin at the north
end of the site will limit peak discharge to pre-development levels.
1.2 Beneficial Uses
The beneficial uses for the hydrologic unit are included in attachment 1, and the definitions are
listed below. This infonnation comes from the Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego
Basin.
REC I -Contract Recreation: Includes uses of water for recreational activities involving body
contact with water, where ingestion of water is reasonably possible. These uses include, but are
not limited to, swimming, wading, water-skiing, skin and SCUBA diving, surfing, white water
activities, fishing, or use of natural hot springs.
REC 2-Non-Contact Recreation: Includes the uses of water for recreational activities
involving proximity to water, but not normally involving body contact with water, where
ingestion of water is reasonably possible. These include, but are not limited to, picnicking,
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sunbathing, hiking, camping, boating, tide pool and marine life stqdy, hunting, sightseeing, or
aesthetic enjoyment in conjunction with the above activities.
BIOL -Preservation of Biological Habitats of Special Significance: Includes uses of water
that support designated areas or habitats, such as established refuges, parks, sanctuaries,
ecological reserves, or Areas of Speciaj. Biological Significance (ASBS), where the preservation
or enhancement of natut;al resources requires special protection.
EST -Estuarine Habitat: Includes uses of water that support estuarine ecosystems including,
but not limited to, preservation or enhancement of estuarine habitats, vegetation, fish, shellfish,
or wildlife (e.g., estuarine mammals, waterfowl, shorebirds).
WILD-Wildlife Habitat: Includes uses of water that support terrestrial ecosystems including
but not limited to, preservation and enhancement of terrestrial habitats, vegetation, wildlife, (e.g.,
mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates), or wildlife water food and sources.
RARE-Rare, Threatened, or Endangered Species: Includes uses of water that support
habitats necessary, at least in part, for the survival and successful maintenance of plant or animal
species established under state or federal law as rare, threatened, or endangered.
MAR -Marine Habitat: Includes uses of water that support marine ecosystems including, but
not limited to, preservation or enhancement or marine habitats, vegetation such as kelp, fish,
shellfish, or wildlife ( e.g., marine mammals, shorebirds).
MI GR-Migration of Aquatic Organisms: Includes uses of water that support habitats
necessary for migration, acclimatization between fresh and salt water, or other temporary
activities by aquatic organisms, such as anadromous fish.
2.0 CHARACTERIZATION OF PROJECT RUNOFF
According to the California 1998 303d list published by the RWQCB, there are no impaired
water bodies associated with the direct stormwater discharge from this project.
The total disturbed area for this project is 1.1 acres. The pre-development runoff from this area is
2.5 cfs with a "C" value of0.50, and the post-development runoff is 4.3 cfs with a composite "C"
value of 0.83. The time of concentration decreases from 8.7 minutes to 8.3 minutes. The
detention basin at the north end of the site will limit the peak discharge to less than 2.5 cfs.
2.1 Soil Characteristics
The project area consists entirely of soil group D.
2.2 Potential Discharges
There are no sampling data available for the existing site condition. The project will contain
some pollutants commonly found on similar developments that could affect water quality. The
following list is taken from attachment G-1 of the County of San Diego's Storm water Standards
Manual. It includes anticipated pollutants for attached residential developments.
1. Sediment discharge due to construction activities
2. Nutrients from fertilizers
3. Trash and debris
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4. Oxygen demanding substances
5. Oil and grease from paved areas
6. Bacteria and viruses
7. Pesticides from landscaping and home use
3.0 MITIGATION MEASURES TO PROTECT WATER QUALITY
To address water quality for the project, BMPs will he implemented during construction and post
construction.
3.1 Construction BMPs
The following is a list of potential construction phase BMPs to be used. Datasheets for these
BMPs, taken from the CalTrans BMP manual, can be found in attachment 4.
1. SHt fence, fiber rolls, or gravel bag berms
2. Check dams
3. Street sweeping and vacuuming
4. Storm drain inlet protection
5. Stabilized construction entrance/exit
6. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, cleaning, and fueling
7. Hydroseed, soil binders, or straw mulch
8. Material delivery and storage
9. Stockpile management
10. Spill prevention and control
11. Waste management for solid, liquid, hazardous and sanitary waste, contaminated soil.
12. Concrete waste management
Construction BMPs for this project will be selected, constructed, and maintained to comply with
all applicable ordinances and guidance documents.
3.2 Post Construction BMPs
The followiu-g is a list of the post construction BMP's that will be implemented to address water
quality:
1. Dry street sweeping
2. Brow ditch maintenance
3. Discharge monitoring
4. Trash manag~ment
5. Landscape and irrigation maintenance
6. Minimization of impervious area
7. Conservation of natural areas
8. Bio-filtration swale
9. Drainage Inlet Filtration Inserts
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3.2.1 Dry street sweeping
Source Control BMP
Periodic street sweeping will be performed prior to the rainy season and when significant time
has elapsed betweeri rains. This will help prevent large amounts of trash and silt from washing
into the stormdrain system. All street areas will be swept, including access roads and driveways.
Target pollutants: Trash and debris, sediment
3.2.2 Brow ditch maintenance
Source Control BMP
Cleaning and proper disposal of silt, vegetation, and debris from ditches will be performed on a
.regular basis~. This will prevent storm water from overtopping and eroding the adjacent slopes.
Target pollutants: Trash and debris, sediment
3.2.3 Discharge monitoring
Source Control BMP
Notice and education regarding improper discharge of fluids including sewage, hazardous
materials and contaminated stormwater will be provided to the owners and tenants by the sub-
divider.
Target pollutants: Trash and debris, oil and grease
3.2.4 Trash management
Source Control BMP
The Home Owner's Association will enforce trash management standards and provide for debris
removal at storm drain inlets.
Target pollutant: Trash and debris
3.2.5 Landscape a,id irrigation maintenance
Site Design BMP, Source Control BMP
The Home Owner's Association will enforce landscape and.irrigation standards for operation and
maintenance of watering systems on critical slopes.
. Target pollutant: Sediment
3.2.6 Storm drain tiling
Site Design BMP, Source Control BMP
All storm drain inlets and catch basins within the project shall have a tile that reads: "NO
DUMPING-DRAINS TO BATIQUITOS LAGOON." Legibility of the tiles will be maintained,
and the tiles placed flush with the top of concrete to reduce tripping by pedestrians.
Target pollutant: Sediment ·
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3.2. 7 Minimization of impervious area
Site Design BMP
The site has been designed to minimize impervious areas, thereby focreasing infiltration and
slowing runoff.
3.2.8 Bio-filtration swales
Treatment Control BMP
Most of the runoff from the site will pass through vegetated swales before entering the detention
basin (see attachment 5 for datasheets). These swales will slow storm flows, increase infiltration,
and provide filtration for the first flush runoff.
Target pollutants: Sediment, nutrients, organic compounds, oil and grease, bacteria and
viruses, pesticides.
3.2.9 Drainage inletfiltration inserts
Treatment Control BMP
All of the runoff from that enters the curb inlets will pass through the insert (see attachment 6 for
datasheets). These inserts will provide additional biofiltration and allow for infiltration of
runoff.· The Home Owner's Association will be responsible for inspecting the inserts every 3
months and performing any necessary maintenance.
Target pollutants: Sediment, nutrients, trash and debris, oxygen demanding substances, oil and
grease, bacteria and viruses, pesticides.
3.2.10 Detention basin
Treatment. Control BMP
All of the runoff from the site will enter a grass-lined detention basin before discharging off the
property. The basin will provide additional biofiltration and allow for infiltration of runoff.
Target pollutants: Sediment, nutrients, trash and debris, oxygen demanding substances, oil and
grease, bacteria and viruses, pesticides.
4.0 MONITORING, INSPECTION, AND REPORTING
During construction, the BMPs will be monitored on a weekly basis, and observations recorded
on the included checklists (see next page}. The party responsible for the monitoring and
maintenance of the BMPs is:
Brett Shaves
SCI Enterprises, LLC
567 San Nicolas Drive, Suite 320
Newport Beach, CA 92660
(949) 644-8900
G:\Accts\021040\Storm Water Management Plan-I .doc
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-------------------
DATE WEATHER
G:\Accts\021040\BMP CHECKLIST.doc
BMP CHECKLIST
{TO BE COMPLETED WEEKLY)
INADEQUATE.BMPs CORRECTIVEACTION OBSERVATIONS
-------------------
DATE WEATHER
G:\Accts\021040\BMP CHECKLIST.doc
BMP CHECKLIST
(TO BE COMPLETED WEEJ(L Y)
INADEQUATEBMPs CORRECTIVE ACTION. OBSERVATIONS
----------~--------
DATE WEATHER
G:\Accts\021040\BMP CHECKLIST.doc
.BMP CHECKLIST
(TO BE COMPLETED WEEKLY)
INADEQUATE BMPs CORRECTIVE ACTION OBSERVATIONS
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I ATTACHMENT 1
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Table 2-3. BENEFICIAL USES OF COASTAL WATERS
BENEFICIAL USE
Co.astal Waters Hydrologic I N R R C B E
Unit Basin N A E E 0 I s
Number D V C C M 0 T
1 2 M L
Pacific Ocean • • • • • •
Dana Point Harbor • • • • •
Del Mar Boat Basin • • • • •
Mission Bay • • • • •
Oceanside Harbor • • • • •
San Diego Bay 1 • • • • • • •
Coastal Lagoons
Tijuana River Estuary 11.11 • • • • •
Mouth of San Diego River 7.11 • • • ••
Lo~ Penasquitos Lagoon 2 6.10 • • • •
San Dieguito Lagoon 5.11 • • • •
Batiquitos Lagoon 4.51 • • • •
San Elijo Lagoon 5.61 • • • •
Aqua Hedionda Lagoon 4.31 • • • • •
Include:;; the tidal prisms of the Otay and Sweetwater Rivers.
2 Fishing from shore or boat permitted, but other water contact recreational (REC-1) uses are prohibited.
• Existing Ben'3ficial Use
Table 2-3
BENEFICIAL USES 2-47
w R
I A
L R
D E
• • • • • • • •• • • • • •
• • • • • ·• • • • • •• • • •
M A M s w s
A Q I p A H
R u G w R E
A R N M L
L
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • ·. • • • • • • •• • • • • • • •
September 8, 1994
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...........
........... .: ___ _ . .__ __
. CITY OF' OCEANSIDE
PACIFIC
OCEAN
78
VICINITY UAP
NO SCALE
SITE
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I I ATTACHMENT 3
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ATTACHMENT 4
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Silt Fence
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and A silt fence is a temporary linear sediment barrier of permeable fabric designed to
Purpose intercept and slow the flow of sediment-laden sheet flow runoff. Silt fences allow
sediment to settle from runoff before water leaves the construction site.
Appropriate Silt fences are placed:
Applications
• • Below the toe of exposed and erodible slopes.
• • Down-slope of exposed soil areas .
• • Around temporary stockpiles.
• • Along streams and channels.
Limitations • • Not effective unless trenched and keyed in.
• • Not intended for use as mid-slope protection on slopes greater than 1 :4
(V:H)
• • Must be maintained.
• • Must be removed and disposed of.
Standards and General
Specifications • • Don't use below slopes subject to creep, slumping, or landslides.
• • Don't use in streams, channels, or anywhere flow is concentrated.
• • Don't use silt fences to divert flow.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Silt Fence SC-1
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Silt Fence ~c-11
Design and Layout
• • The maxiI_num length of slope draining to any point along the silt fence
shall be 61 m (200 ft) or less.
• • Slope of area draining to fence shall be less than 1: 1 (V :H).
• • Limit to locations suitable for temporary ponding or deposition of sediment.
• • Fabric life span generally limited to between five and eight months. Longer
periods may require fabric replacement.
• • Silt fences shall not be used in concentrated flow areas.
• • Lay out in accordance with Page 5 of this BMP.
• • For slopes steeper than 1:2 (V:H) and that contain a high number ofrocks
or large dirt clods that tend to dislodge, it may be necessary to install
additional protection immediately adjacent to the bottom of the slope, prior
to i11$talling silt fence. Additional protection may be a chain link fence or a
cable fence.
• • For slopes adjacent to water bodies or Environmentally Sensitive Areas
(ESAs), additional temporary soil stabilization BMPs shall be used.
Materials
• • Silt fence fabric shall be woven polypropylene with a minimum width of
900 mm and a minimum tensile strength of 0.45-kN. The fabric shall
conform to the requirements in ASTM designation D4632 and shall have an
integral reinforcement layer. The reinforcement layer shall be a
polypropylene, or equivahmt, net provided by the manufacturer. The
permittivity of the fabric shall be between 0.1 sec-1 and 0.15 sec-1 in
conformance with the requirements in ASTM designation D4491.
• • Wood stakes shall be commercial quality lumber of the size and shape
shown on the plans. Each stake shall be free from decay, splits or cracks
longer than the thickness of the stake or other defects that would weaken
the stakes and cause the stakes to be structurally unsuitable.
• • Staples used to fasten the fence fabric to the stakes shall be not less than 45
mm long and shall be fabricated from 1.57 mm or heavier wire. The wire
used to fasten the tops of the stakes together when joining 2 sections of
fence shall be 3 .05 mm or heavier wire. Galvanizing of the fastening wire
will not be required.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Silt Fence SC-1
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Silt Fence
Maintenance and
-Inspection
Installation
• • Generally, silt fences shall be used in conjunction with soil stabilization
source controls up slope to provide effective control.
• • Trenches shall not be excavated wider and deeper than necessary for proper
installation of the temporary linear sediment barriers.
• • Excavation of the trenches shall be performed immediately before
installation of the temporary linear sediment barriers.
• • Construct silt fences With a set-back of at least lm from the toe of a slope.
Where a silt fence is determined to be not practicable due to specific site
conditions, the silt fence may be constructed at the toe of the slope, but shall
be constructed as far from the toe of the slope as practicable.
• • Com,truct the length of each reach so that the change in base elevation
along the reach does not exceed 1/3 the height of the barrier; in no case
shall the reach exceed 150 meters.
• • Cross barriers shall be a minimum of 1/3 and a maximum of 1/2 the height
of the linear barrier.
• • Bottom of the silt fence shall be keyed-in.
• • Install in accordance with Page 5 of this BMP.
• • Repair undercut silt fences.
• • Repair or replace l;!plit, tom, slumping, or weathered fabric.
• • Inspect silt fence when rain is forecast. Perform necessary maintenance, or
maintenance required by the Resident Engineer (RE).
• • Inspect silt fence following rainfall events. Perform maintenance as
necessary, or as required by the RE.
• • Maintain silt fences to provide an adequate sediment holding capacity.
Sediment shall be removed when the sediment accumulation reaches one-
third (1/3) of the barrier height. Removed sediment shall be incorporated in
the project at locations designated by the RE or disposed of outside the
highway right-of-way in conformance with the Standard Specifications.
• • Silt fences that are damaged and become unsuitable for the intended
purpose, as determined by the RE, shall be removed from the site of work,
disposed of outside the highway right-of-way in conformance with the
Standard Specifications, and replaced with new silt fence barriers.
• Caltrans Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
lbHmnl November 2000
Silt Fence SC-1
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Silt Fence
• • Holes, depressions or other ground disturbance caused by the removal of
the temporary silt fences shall be backfilled and repaired in conformance
with the Standard Specifications.
• • Remove silt fence when no longer needed or as required by the RE. Fill
and compact post holes and anchorage trench, remove sediment
accumulation, and grade fence alignment to blend with adjacent ground.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Silt Fence SC-1
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Toe of .slope
Slope
r--Selback vanes i (See note 4)
Fabric -~l I 50
x _ I I / (See n~~e~orl< slake
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SECTION A-A
End .slake {See nole 2)
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e--SJlt fence
END DETAIL
Stake B-. ,/[te~ri~oi:l~n7B?,: 12)
Slake A
Fabnc .secbon A (See notes 6, 7 & 12)
JOINING SECTION DETAIL (TOP VIEW)
50 X 50 wood stake (See note 3)
END STAKE DETAIL (TOP VIEW)
Slake
Fabric
Toe of slope
_En_d_s-tak_e_7-+•-,-;--\_-S_an_d_b_ag~:-(-2--J-ay-ers high)
OPTIONAL. MAINTENANCE OPENING DETAIL
(SEE NOTE 11)
Uax reach = 150 m (See note 1)
Cro" barrier ~ I n2 5 m I y-----..___ r Wood (See note 10) \ 4 Fabric / '-. slake
Fabric
,r
2 mm -:JlJ du1.meler Jj
-_j ~
STAPLE DETAIL
(SEE NOTE 9)
DETAIL A
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NOTES
1· c:1~~~~ :~~e'tt~h ;:~chc«ro::a~l ~xc~e&J tJ; r::0~:igf:t ~rlhe linear barrier, in no cue shall the reach lenath exceed 150m.
2. The la.st 2 5 m of fence shall be turned up :slope.
3 Stake dimensions are nominal.
4. Dunension may ~ary lo fll field condition.
5. Stakes shall be spaced al 2 5 m maximum and 5hall be
positioned on do'lfllstream side of fence
6, Stakes to 01;erlap and fence fabric to fold around each :,take one, ft.!11 turn. Secure fabric to stake wilh 4 st!'ples.
7, Sl¥es sltall 'be driven tightly together ~o prevehl polenltal
flolli-lhrough of sediment al joint, 'The lops of the slakes ~hall ~e sec1;1red mth wire.
8. For end stake, fence fabric shall ,be folded around two slakes one fun (urll and secllred With 4 staples.
9. 'Minimum 4 :staples per slake. Dimension:, shown ,are typical.
10. Cross-barners shall be a minimum of 1/3 and a maximum of 1/2 the height of the lineu beimer.
11. Maintenance openmgs shall be constructed in a manner lo ensure sedunent remains behind silt fence,
12. Jo1mnz sections shall not be placed at sump locahons.
13, Sandbag roms and layers shall be offset to eliminate gaps.
LEGEND
~ Tamped backfill
Slope direct.ion
Direction of fiow
.-Silt fence
~
:¥~~:: note JO ~
SECTION C-C m > ,\1 " " / . ~ / \ '> I /
\ ~ Cro,s barner , ~f )
CROSS BARRIER DETAIL
~
Toe of slope ~ PLAN '*/ ~
I
LEnd deloil
TEMPORARY LlNEAR SEDIMENT BARRIER (TYPE SILT FENCEl
SThTE OF" C~LIFDRNII. DEP,-,RTIIEHT OF' TR.:.NSPORTATIOM
TrnPDRARY LING,R SEDII-IEl'JT B,..,RRIER
CTYPE SILT FEI\JCD
MO SCALE
ALL DWENSJONS ARE IN
MILlJltETERS UNLESS OTIIERWJSE SHO\fN
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Check Dams
Definition and
Purpose
Appropriate
Applications
Limitations
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
A check dam is a small device constructed of rock, sandbags, or fiber rolls, placed
across a natural or man-made channel or drainage ditch. Check dams reduce
scour and channel erosion by reducing flow velocity and encouraging sediment
dropout.
• • Check dams may be installed in the following:
In small open channels which drain 4 ha (10 ac) or less.
In steep channels where storm water runoff velocities exceed 1.5
meters per second (mis).
During the establishment of grass lli;rings in drainage ditches or
channels.
In temporary ditches where a short length of service does not warrant
establishment of erosion-resistant linings.
• • This BMP may be implemented on a project-by-project basis with other
BMPs when determined necessary and feasible by the Resident Engineer
(RE).
• • Not to be used in live streams.
• • Not appropriate in qhannels which drain areas greater than 4 ha (10 ac).
• • Not to be placed in channels which are already grass lined unless erosion is
expected, as installation may damage vegetation.
• • Require extensive ~aintenance following high velocity flows.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual Check Dams SG-4
November 2000 1 of 3
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Check Dams
Standards and
Specifications
Maintenance and
Inspection
• • Promotes sediment trapping which can be re-suspended during subsequent
storms or removal of the check dam.
• • Not to be constructed from straw bales or a silt fence.
• • Check dams shall be placed at a distance and height to allow small pools to
form behind them.
• • Install the first check dam approximately five meters (5 m) from the outfall
device and at regular intervals based on slope gradient and soil type.
• • For multiple check dam installation, backwater from downstream check
dam shall reach the toe of the upstream dam.
• • High flows (typically a 2-year storm or larger) shall safely flow over the
check dam without an increase in upstream flooding or damage to the check
dam.
• • Where grass is used to line ditches, check dams shall be removed when
grass has matured sufficiently to protect the ditch or swale.
• • Rock shall be placed individually by hand or by mechanical methods (no
dumping of rock) to achieve complete ditch or swale coverage.
• • Inspect check dams after each significant rainfall event. Repair damage as
needed or as required by the RE.
• • Remove sediments when depth reaches one-third of the check dam height.
• • Remove accumulated sediment prior to permanent seeding or soil
stabilization.
• • Remove check dam and accumulated sediment when check dams are no
longer needed or when required by the RE.
• • Removed sediment shall be incorporated in the project at locations
designated by the RE or disposed of outside the highway right-of-way in
confonnance with the Standard Specifications.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Check Dams SG-4
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Check Dams
ELEVATION
X
0 200 rnrn to -300 mm ---------~>
cliorneter rock
Flow
TYPl·CAL ROCK CHECK DAM SECTION
ROCK CHECK DAM
NOT TO SCALE
.a&.r Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
..... Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
lbNnxntl November 2000
E
Check Dams SG-4
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Fiber Rolls
Definition and
Purpose
Appropriate
Applications
Limitations
BMP Objectives
• Soil StabilizatiQn
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
A fiber roll consists of straw, flax, or other similar materials that are rolled and
bound into a tight tubular roll and placed on the face of slopes at regular intervals
to intercept runoff, reduce its .flow velocity, release the runoff as sheet flow, and
provide some removal of sediment from the runoff.
• • May be used along the top, face, and at grade breaks of exposed and
erodible slopes to shorten slope length and spread runoff as sheet flow.
• • Fiber rolls may be used as check dams if approved by the Resident
Engineer (RE).
• • This BMP may be implemented on a project-by-project basis with other
BMPs when determined necessary and feasible by the RE.
• • Is a relatively new sediment control/soil stabilization technology.
Effectiveness and capabilities in the field are not completely known.
• • Although fiber rolls provide some sediment removal, this BMP is not to be
used in place of a linear sediment barrier (i.e., a silt fence, sandbag barrier,
or straw bale barrier).
Standards and Fiber Roll Materials
Specifications • • Fiber rolls shall be ~ither:
(1) prefabricated rolls; or,
(2) rolled tubes of erosion control blanket.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction ~te Best Management Practices Manual
Novenioer 2000 ·
Fiber Rolls SC-5
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Fiber Rolls
Maintenance and
Inspection
Assembly of Field Rolled Fiber Roll
• • Roll length of erosion control blanket into a tube of minimum 200 mm (8
in) diameter.
• • Bind roll at each end and every l.2 m (4 ft) along length ofroll withjute-
type twine.
Installation
• • Locate fiber rolls on level contours spaced 2.4 to 6.0 m (8 to 20 ft} along the
face of slope, or as required by the RE.
• • Stake fiber rolls into a 50 to 100 mm (2 to 4 in) trench.
• • Drive stakes at the end of each fiber roll and spaced 1.2 m ( 4 ft) maximum
on center.
• • Use wood stakes with a nominal classification of 19 by 19 mm (3/4 by 3/4
in), and minimum length of 600mm (24 in).
• • If more than one fiber roll is placed in a row, the rolls shall be butted; not
overlapped.
Removal
• • Fiber rolls are typically left in place.
• • If fiber rolls are removed, collect and dispose of sediment accumulation,
and fill and compact holes, trenches, depressions or any other ground
disturbance to blend with adjacent ground.
• • Repair or replace split, torn; unraveling, or slumping fiber rolls.
• • Inspect fiber rolls when rain is forecast. Perform maintenance as needed or
as required by the RE.
• • Inspect fiber rolls following rainfall events and a least daily during
prolonged rainfall. Perform maintenance as needed or as required by the
RE.
a&. C~ltnJns.Storm WatE3r Quality Handbooks
...,-Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
lbltnzn, November 2000
Fiber Rolls SC-5
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Fiber Rolls
Note:
Install fiber roll
along a level contour.
Vertical spacing
measured along the
face of the slope
varies between
2.4 m and 6.0 m Install a fiber roll near
"1111.....:C.--.,,:;,,,.--slope where it transitions
TYPICAL FIBER ROLL INSTALLATION
E
E c:: o .E
0 I")
N.T.S.
spacing
ENTRENCHMENT DETAI~
N.T.S.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality·Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management-Practices Manual
November 2000
into a steeper slope
min
m
Fiber Rolls SC-5
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Gravel Bag Berm -----"'!"""------------~-------------lsc-&I
Definition and
Purpose
Appropriate
Applications
Limitations
BMP Objecti_ves
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
·• Materials and Waste Management
A gravel bag berm consist of a single row of gravel bags that are installed end-to-
end to form a barrier across a slope to intercept runoff, reduce runoff velocity,
release runoff as sheet flow, and provide some sediment removal.
• • Along the face and at grade brea,ks of exposed and erodible slopes to
shorten slope length and spread runoff as sheet flow.
• • BMP may be implemented on a project-by-project basis with other BMPs
when determined necessary and feasible by the Resident Engineer (RE).
• • Although this BMP will remove some sediment, it is not to be used in place
of a linear sediment barrier (i.e., a silt fence, sandbag barrier, or straw bale
barrier).
• • Degraded gravel bags may rupture when removed, spilling contents.
• • Installation can be labor intensive.
• • Limited durability for long term projects.
Standards and Materials
Specifications • • Bag Material: Bags shall be woven polypropylene, polyethylene or
polyamide fabric or burlap, minimum unit weight 135 g/m2 (four ounces per
square yard), mullen burst strength exceeding 2,070 kPa (300 psi) in
conformance with the requirements in ASTM designation D3 786, and
ultraviolet stability exceeding 70 percent in conformance with the
req,rirements in ASTM designation D4355.
Caltrans Stenn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Gravel Bag Benn SG-6
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Gravel Bag Berm -------------------------------~C-~
Maintenance and
Inspection
• • Bag Size: Each gravel-filled bag shall have a length of 450 mm (18 in),
width of 300 mm (12 in), thickness of 75 mm (3 in), and mass of
approximately 15 kg (33 lb). Bag dimensions are nominal, and may vary
based on locally available materials. Alternative bag sizes shall be
sq.bmitted to the Resident Engineer (RE) for approval prior to deployment.
• • Fill Material: Fill material shall be one-half to one-inch Class 2 aggregate
base, clean and free from clay and deleterious material, conforming to the
provisions in SeGtion 26-1.02 "Class 2 Aggregate Base," of the Standard
Specifications. Fill material is subject to approval by the RE.
Installation
• • Install along a level contour.
• • Tightly abut bags
• • Inspect gravel bag berms before and after each rainfall event, and weekly
throughout the rajny season.
• • Reshape or replace gravel bags as needed, or as directed by the RE.
• • Repair washouts or other damages as needed, or as directed by the RE.
• • Inspect gravel bag berms for sediment accumulations and remove sediments
when accumulation reaches one-third of the berm height. Removed
sediment shall be incorporated in the project at locations designated by the
RE or disposed of outside the highway right-of-way in conformance with
the Standard Specifications.
• • Remove gravel bag berms when no longer needed. Remove sediment
accumulation, and clean, re-grade, and stabilized the area. Removed
sediment shall be incorporated in the project at locations designated by the
RE or disposed of outside the highway right-of-way in conformance with
the Standard Specifications.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Gravel Bag Berm SC-S
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Street Sweeping and Vacuuming
ssv
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
, • Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and Practices to remove tracked sedinlent to prevent the sediment from entering a
Purpose storm drain or watercourse.
Appropriate These practices are implemented anywhere sediment is tracked from the project
Applications site onto public or private paved roads, typically at points of egress.
Limitations Sweeping and vacuuming may not be effective when soil is wet or muddy.
Standards and
Specifications
Maintenance and
Inspection
• • Do not use kick brooms or sweeper attachments.
• • Inspect potential sediment tracking locations daily.
• • Visible sediment tracking shall be swept and vacuumed on a daily basis.
• • If not mixed with debris or trash, consider incorporating the removed
sediment back into the project.
• • Inspect ingress/egress access points daily and sweep tracked sediment as
needed, or as required by the Resident Engineer (RE).
• • Be careful not to sweep up any unknown substance or any object that may
be potentially hazardous.
• • Adjµst brooms frequently; maximize efficiency of sweeping operations.
• • After sweeping is :finished, properly dispose of sweeper wastes at an
approved dumpsite in conformance with the provisions in Section 7-1.13 of
the Standard Specifications.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November2000
Street Sweeping and Vacuuming SC-7
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Storm Drain Inlet Protection jsc-101
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and Devices used at storm drain inlets that are subject to runoff from construction
Purpose activities to detain and/or to filter sediment-laden runoff to allow sediment to
settle and/or to filter sediment ,prior to discharge of storm water into storm water
drainage sy~tems or watercourses.
Appropriate
Applications
Limitations
• • Where ponding will not encroach into highway traffic.
• • Where sediment laden surface runoff may enter an inlet.
• • Where disturbed drainage areas have not yet been permanently stabilized.
• • Where the drainage area is 0.4 ha (1 ac) or less.
• • Appropriate during wet and snow-melt seasons.
• • Use only when ponding will not encroach into highway traffic or onto
erodible surfaces and slopes. If safety is a concern, use other methods of
temporary protection to prevent sediment-laden storm water and non-storm
water discharges to enter the storm drain system.
• • Sediment removal may be difficult in high flow conditions or if runoff is
heavily sediment laden. If high flow conditions are expected, use other on-
site sediment trapping techniques in conjunction with inlet protection.
• • Frequent maintenat).ce is required.
• • For drainage areas larger than 0.4 ha (lac), runoff shall be routed to a
sediment trapping device designed for larger flows. See BMPs SC-2,
"Desilting.Basin", and SC-3 "Sediment Traps".
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Storm Drain Inlet Protection SC-10
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Storm Drain Inlet Protection
• • Filter fabric fence inlet protection appropriate in open areas is subject to
sheet flow and for flows not exceeding 0.014 m3/s (0.5 cfs).
• • Sandbag barriers for inlet protection are applicable when sheet flows or
concentrated flows exceed 0.014 m3/s (0.5 cfs), and it is necessary to allow
for overtopping to prevent flooding.
• • Excavated drop inlet sediment traps are appropriate where relatively heavy
flows are expected and overflow capability is needed.
Standards and Identify existing and/or planned storm drain inlets that have the potential to
Specifications receive sediment-laden surface runoff. Determine if storm drain inlet protection
is needed, and which method to use.
Methods and lnstal/fition
• • DI Protection Type 1 -Filter Fabric Fence -The filter fabric fence (Type
1) protection is illustrated in Page 4. Similar to constructing a silt fence.
See BMP SC-1, "Silt Fence". Do not place filter fabric underneath the inlet
grate since the collected sediment may fall into the drain inlet when the
fabric is removed or replaced.
• • DI PrQtection Type 2 -Excavated Drop Inlet Sediment Trap -The
excavated drop inlet sediment trap (Type 2) is illustrated in Page 5. Similar
to constructing a temporary silt fence, See BMP SC-1, "Silt Fence". Size
excavated trap to provide a minimum storage capacity calculated at the rate
of 130 m3/ha (67 yd3/ac) of drainage area.
• • DI Protection Type 3 -Sandbag Barrier -The sandbag barrier (Type 3) is
illustrated in Page 6. Flow from a severe storm shall not overtop the curb.
In areas of high clay and silts, use filter fabric and gravel as additional filter
media. Construct sandbags in accordance with BMP SC-8, "Sandbag
Barrier''.
Maintenance and General
Inspection • • Inspect all inlet protection devices before and after every rainfall event, and
weekly during the rest of the rainy season. During extended rainfall events,
inspect inlet protection devices at least once every 24 hours.
• • Inspect the .storm drain inlet after severe storms in the rainy season to check
for bypassed material.
• • Remove all inlet protection devices within thirty days after the site is
stabilized, or when the inlet protection is no longer needed.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Storm Drain Inlet Protection SC-10
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Storm Drain Inlet Protection lsc-101
Bring the disturbed area to final grade and smooth and compact it.
Appropriately stabilize all bare areas around the inlet.
Clean and re .. grade area around the inlet and clean the inside of the
storm drain inlet as it must be free of sediment and debris at the time of
final inspection.
Requirements by Method
• • Type 1 .. Filter Fabric Fence
Make sure the stakes are securely driven in the ground and are in good
shape (i.e., not bent, cracked, or splintered, and are reasonably
perpendicular to the ground). Replace damaged stakes.
Replace or clean the :fabric when the fabric becomes clogged with
sed4n,ent. Make sure the fabric does not have any holes or tears.
Repair or replace fabric as needed or as directed by the Resident
Engineer (RE).
At a minimum, remove the sediment behind the fabric fence when
accumulation reaches one-third the height of the fence or barrier
height. Removed sediment shall be incorporated in the project at
locations designated by the RE or disposed of outside the highway
right-of-way in conformance with the Standard Specifications.
• • Type 2 -Excavated Droplnlet Sediment Trap
Remove sediment from basin when the volume of the basin has been
reduced by one-half.
• • Type 3 -Sandbag Barrier
. Inspect bags for holes, gashes, and snags.
Check sandbags for proper arrangement and displacement. Remove
the sediment behind the barrier when it reaches one-third the height of
the barrier.: Rernoved sediment shall be incorporated in the project at
locations designated by the RE or disposed of outside the highway
right-of-way in conformance with the Standard Specifications.
Caltrans Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Stonn Drain Inlet Protection SC-10
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Storm Drain Inlet Protection
Geotextile Blanket
I
(Drain inlet
600 m ±
SECTION A~A
rX----x--~-x-~--x
X >
X
lsc-101
Fence per SC-01
150 mm Min
overlap at ends
of silt fence.
X
1
/f'a;n ;nlet
--Ill ----_..,....,... t~eotextHe Blanket
Sheet flow
Le~;s than
0.4 ha (1 ac)
X I )(
t
X
PLAN
t
)(
----
~s;11 Fence per SC-01
X
)( I
DI. PROTECTION TYPE 1
NOT TO SCALE
NOTES:
I. For u~;e in areas where groding has been completed and tinal soil stabilization
oncl seeding are pending.
2. Not applicable in paved areas .
. 3. Not oppl-icable with concentrated flows.
Caltrans Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best ManagementPractlces Manual
November 2000
Stonn Drain Inlet Protection SC-10
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Storm Drain Inlet Protection
Stabilize area and
grode uniformly
oround perimeter
11 I Geotextile
Blanket
X
!--silt fence Per SC-01
X
.3 Min ;s,>-::
-~'( ~°¾" ~~~~~ N o t e: ,,, 1//,,:::,
Remove sediment
before reaching
one-third full.
1: 1 slope
Drain inlet
Section A-A
flow
Concentrnted----i _,.-Rock filter(use if flow
,,/,.,.. is concentrated)
0 x---x-. x:;7
,-------------------7 X
~
, 1 __,.,..,,..---Edge of
1 r--------------7 , sediment trap
i : t ~ : D · inlet X
Sheet flow i i~1111111111r=r X -;~ra,n : :_. __ :
x 1 1 . · , Geotextil_e
f / t t / Xr-EJlanket
, 1 1 Silt fence Per SC-01 I L_ ------------~
Notes
I I
X L _ · ----· --·----------_j X
L'=x---x---x---x~I
Plan
DI PROTECTION TYPE 2
NOT TO SCALE
1. For use in cleared and grubbed and in graded areas.
2. Shape basin so that longest inflow area faces longest length of trap.
.3. For concentrated flows, shape basin in 2: 1 rc1tio with length oriented
towords direction of flow .
Caltrans Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Stonn Drain Inlet Protection SC-10
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Storm Drain Inlet Protection
Spillway, 1-bag high
Edge
---+-Flow
Sandbogs
2-bogs· high
TYPICAL PROTECTION FOR INLET. ON SUMP
Edge of Pcivement . -Inlet /
... Flow ---+-Flow
l~~ -----------
Spillway, 1-bo9 hi~Jh Sandbags
2-bags high
TYPICAL PROTECTION FOR INLET ON GRADE
NOTES:
1. Intended fQr short-term use.
2. U:Je to inhib-it non-storm wotet· flow .
. 3. Allow tor proper maintenance and cleanup.
4. Boqs must be removed after adjacent operation is completed
5. Not applicable in oreos with high silts and clays without filter fabric.
Caltrans Storm Water Quallty Handbooks
Construction-Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Storm Drain Inlet Protection SC-10
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Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit ~c-11
Definition and
Purpose
Appropriate
Applications
Limitations
Standards and
Specifications
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
A stabilized construction access is a defined point of entrance/exit to a
construction site that is stabilized to reduce the tracking of mud and dirt onto
public roads by construction vehicles.
• • Use at construction sites:
-where dirt or mud is tracked onto public roads
adjacent to water bodies
where poor soils are encountered
where dust is a problem during dry weather conditions.
• • This BMP may be implemented on a project-by-project basis in addition to
other BMPs when determined necessary and feasible by the Resident
Engineer (RE).
• • Site conditions will dictate design and need.
• • Limit the points of entrance/exit to the construction site.
• • Limit speed of vehicles ,to control dust.
• • Properly grade each construction entrance/exit to prevent runoff from
leaving the construction site.
• • Route runoff from stabilized entrances/exits through a sediment-trapping
device before discharge.
Caltnms Storm Water Quality Hanqbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
Nqvember 2000-
Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit TC-1
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Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit frc-1 I
Maintenance and
Inspection
• • Design stabilized entrance/exit to support heaviest vehicles and equipment
that will use it. ·
• • Select construction a9cess stabilization ( aggregate, asphaltic concrete,
concrete) based on longevity, required performance, and site conditions.
The use of asphalt concrete (AC) grindings for stabilized construction
access/roadway is not allowed.
• • Use of constructed or constructed/manufactured steel plates with ribs for
entrance/exit access is allowed with written approval of the RE.
• • If aggregate is selected, place crushed aggregate over geotextile fabric to at
least 300 mm (12 in) depth, or place aggregate to a depth recommended by
a geotechnical engineer. A crushed aggregate greater than 75 mm (3
inches) but smaller than 150 mm ( 6 inches) shall be used.
• • Designate combination or single purpose entrances and exits to the
construction site. Require all employees, subcontractors and others to use
them.
• • Require that all employees, subcontractors, and suppliers utilize the
stabilized construction access.
• • Inspect routinely for damage and assess effectiveness of the BMP. Repair
if access is clogged with sediment or as directed by the RE.
• • Keep all temporary roadway ditches clear.
Caltrans Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit TC-1
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Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit ~c-1 j
>----.,:
<(
CL
(...')
7 I
1-
(/)
>< w
Mot ch
Existing
Grode
Crushed aggre~iote greoter than 75 rnrn
{(3 in) but smaller than 150 rnrn (6 in)
t ~Filter tc1bric
,,&.C 7:)o=oooooo I ?~iginal
----.6,#~ )O~~D C)~g~C:\?>J,D8~~.-L2::_ade
l 300 mrn ( 12 in) Min, unless otherwise
specified by a soils enginee,·
SECTI.ON B-B
NTS
15 rn Min
or four times the circumference
of the lmqest construction vehicle tire,
w·hichever is greater
PLAN
NTS
B
Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit (Type 1 )
Width as
requir·ed to
accornodate
anticipated
trc1ffic
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best.Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit TC-1
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Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit I• c-11
NOTE:
Crushed oggregote grec1ter thon 75 mm
(3 in) but smoller thon 150 mm (6 in)
.300 mm (12' in) Min, unless otherwise
specified by a :,;oils enqineer
SECilON. El~B
NTS
Crushed aggregate greater than 75 rnm
(3 in) but smoller than 150 mm (6 in)
Corrugated steel ponels
Original "="""",r-is,rm:,i,r-,cm"""'r\'7-~,:m;--~""'"'*" grade
300 mm (12, in) Min, unless otherwise
specified by a so.ils engineer
SECTION A-A
NOT TO SCAL,.E
Filter fabric
Construct sediment barrier
ond chonnelize runoff ·to
sediment tropping device
Sediment tropping
device
0 <( ()
0::
0 w > <(
CL
(_'J z
F cn x w
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I
Match
Existing
Grode
-
7.3 m. (min.)
15 m Min
Gr four times the circumference
of the lc1rgest construction vehicle tire,
whichever is greater
PLAN
NTS
B
Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit (Type 2)
Caltrans.Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Stabilized Construction Entrance/Exit TC-1
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Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and Procedures and practices used to minimize or eliminate the discharge of pollutants
Purpose from vehicle and equipment cleaning operations to storm drain system or to
watercourses.
Appropriate These procedures are applied on all construction sites where vehicle and
Applications equipment cleaning is performed.
Limitations None.
Standards and
Specifications
• • On-site vehicle and equipment washing is discouraged.
• • Cleaning of vehicles and equipment with soap, solvents or steam shall not
occur on the project site unless the Resident Engineer (RE) has been
notified in advance and the resulting wastes are fully contained and
disposed of outside the highway right-of-way in conformance with the
provisions in Section 7-1.13 of the Standard Specifications. Resulting
wastes shall nofbe discharged or buried within the highway right-of-way.
• • Vehicle and equipment wash water shall be contained for percolation or
evaporative drying away from storm drain inlets or watercourses and shall
not be discharged within the highway right-of-way.
• • All vehicles/equipment that regularly enter and leave the construction site
must be cleaned off:.site.
• • When vehicle/equipment washing/cleaning must occur on-site, and the
operation cannot be located within a structure or building equipped with
appropriate disposal facilities, the outside cleaning area shall have the
Caltrans Stonrt Water Quality Handoooks
Construction Site Beat Manageinent Practices Manual
November 2000
Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning NS-8
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Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning
Maintenance and
Inspection
following characteri~tics, and shall be arranged with the construction storm
water coordinator: .
Located away from stortn drain inlets, drainage facilities, or
watercourses
Paved with concrete or asphalt &nd bermed to contain wash waters and
to prevent run-on and runoff
Configured with a sump to allow collection and disposal of wash water
Wash waters shall not be discharged to storm drains or watercourses
Used only when necessary
• • When cleaning vehicles/equipment with water:
Use as little water as possible. High pressure sprayers may use less
water than a hose, and shall be considered.
Use positive shutoff valve to minimize water usage.
• • The control measure shall be inspected at a minimum of once a week.
• • Monitor employees and subcontractors throughout the duration of the
construction project to ensure appropriate practices are being implemented.
• • Inspect sump regularly and remove liquids and sediment as needed or as
directed by the RE ..
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
Novem.ber 2000
Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning NS-8
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Vehicle and Equipment Fueling
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and Procedures and practices to minimize or eliminate the discharge of fuel spills and
Purpose leaks into the storm drain system or to watercourses.
Appropriate These procedures are applied on all construction sites where vehicle and
Applications equipment fueling talces place.
Limitations
Standards and
Specifications
• • On-site vehicle and equipment fueling shall only be used where it's
impractical to send vehicles and equipment off-site for fueling.
• • When fueling must occur on-site, the contractor shall select and designate
an area.to be used, subject to approval of the Resident Engineer (RE).
• • Absorbent spill clean-up materials and spill kits shall be available in fueling
areas and on fueling trucks and shall be disposed of properly after use.
• • Drip pans or absorbent pads shall be used during vehicle and equipment
fueling, unless the fueling is performed over an impermeable surface in a
dedicated fueling area.
• • Dedicated fueling areas shall be protected from storm water run-on and
runoff, and shall be located at least 15 m from downstream drainage
facilities and watercourses. Fueling must be performed on level-grade
areas.
• • Nozzles useq ·iJi vehicle and equipment fueling shall be equipped with an
automatic shut-off to control drips. Fueling operations shall not be left
unattended.
Caltrans Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Vehicle and Equipment Fueling NS-9
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Vehicle and Equipment Fueling
Maintenance and
Inspection
• • Protect fueling areas with berms and/or dikes to prevent run-on, runoff, and
to contain spills.
• • Use vapor recovery nozzles to help control drips as well as air pollution
where required by Air Quality Management Districts (AQMD).
• • Fuel tanks shall not be "topped-off."
• • Vehicles and equipment shall be inspected on each day of use for leaks.
Leaks shall be repaired immediately or problem vehicles or equipment shall
be removed from the project site.
• • Absorbent materials shall be used on small spills instead of hosing down or
burying techniques. The spent absorbent material shall be removed
promptly and gisposed of properly.
• • Federal, state, and local requirements shall be observed for any stationary
above ground storage tanks.
• • Mobile fueling of construction equipment throughout the site shall be
minimized. Whenever practical, equipment shall be transported to the
designated fueling area.
• • Fueling areas and Storage tanks shall be inspected on a regular basis.
• • Keep an ample supply of spill cleanup material on the site.
• • Immediately cleanup spills and properly dispose of contaminated soil and
cleanup materials.
Caltrans StolTTl Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Vehicle and Equipment Fueling NS-9
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Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance INS-1 ~
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and Procedures and practices to minimize or eliminate the discharge of pollutants to
Purpose the storm drain system or to watercourses from vehicle and equipment
maintenance procedures.
Appropriate These procedures are applied on all construction projects where an on-site yard
Applications area is necessary for storage and maintenance of heavy equipment and vehicles.
Limitations None identified.
Standards and
Specifications
• • Drip pans or absorbent pads shall be used during vehicle and equipment
maintenance work that involves fluids, unless the maintenance work is
performed over an impermeable surface in a dedicated maintenance area.
• • All fueling trucks and fueling areas are required to have spill kits and/or use
other spill protection devices.
• • Dedicated maintenance areas shall be protected from storm water run-on
and runoff, and shall be located at least 15 m from downstream drainage
facilities and watercourses .
• • Drip _Pans or plastic sheeting shall be placed under all vehicles and
equipment placed on docks, barges, or other structures over water bodies
when the vehicle or equipment is planned to be idle for more than one hour .
...... Absorbent spill clean-up materials shall be available in maintenance areas
and shall be disposed of properly after use.Substances used to coat asphalt
transport trucks and asphalt spreading equipment shall be non-toxic.
Drainage inlet structures and manholes shall be covered with filter fabric
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction $te Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance NS-10
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Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance INS-1 ol
Maintenance and
Inspection
when seal coat, tack coat , slurry seal, or fog seal is applied to adjacent
surfaces. Seal coat, tack coat, slurry seal, or fog seal shall not be applied if
rainfall or thunderstorms are predicted to occur during the application or
curing period.
• • Use off-site maintenance facilities whenever practical.
• • For long-term projects, consider using portable tents or covers over
maintenance areas.
• • Properly dispose ofu~ed oils, fluids, lubricants and spill cleanup materials.
• • Do not dump fuels and lubricants onto the ground.
• • Do not place used oil in a dumpster or pour into a storm drain or
watercourse.
• • Properly dispose of or :recycle used batteries.
~
• • Do not bury·used tires.
• • Repair leaks-of fluids and oil immediately.
• • Provide spill containment dikes or secondary containment around stored oil
and chemical drums.
• • Maintain waste fluid containers in l~ak proof condition.
• • Vehicle and equipment maintenance areas shall be inspected regularly.
• • y ehicles and equipment shall be inspected on each day of use. Leaks shall
be repaired immediately or the problem vehicle(s) or equipment shall be
removed from the project site.
• • Inspect equipment for damaged hoses and leaky gaskets routinely. Repair
or replace as needed.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Vehicle and Equipment Maintenance NS-10
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Hydroseeding
Definition and
Purpose
Appropriate
Applications
Limitations
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Hydroseeding typically consists of applying a mixture of fiber, seed, fertilizer,
and stabilizing emulsion with hydro-mulch equipment, which temporarily protects
exposed soils from erosion by water and wind. This is one of five temporary soil
stabilization alternatives to consider.
• • Hydroseeding is applied on disturbed areas requiring temporary protection
until permanent vegetation is established, or disturbed areas that must be re-
disturbed following an extended period of inactivity.
• • Str;1w mulching may be necessary in addition to hydroseeding during the
establishment of vegetation because temporary vegetation talces several
weeks to establish.
• • Steep slopes are dif:ficultto protect with temporary seeding.
• • Temporary seeding may not be appropriate in dry periods without
supplemental irrigation.
• • Temporary vegetation may have to be removed before permanent
vegetation is applied.
• • Temporary vegetation is not appropriate for short-term inactivity.
Standards and In order to select appropriate hydroseeding mixtures, an evaluation of site
Specifications conditions shall be performed with respect to:
Soil conditions
Site topography
Caltrans Storm Water Quality H~ndbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000 ·
Maintenance requirements
Sensitive adjacent areas
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Hydroseeding
Season and climate
Vegetation types
Water availability
Plans for permanent vegetation
• • Selection of hydroseeding mixtures shall be approved by the Landscape
Architect and the Storm Water Coordinator.
The following steps shall be followed for implementation:
• • Seed mix shall comply with the Standard Specifications, Section 20-2.10,
and the project's special provisions.
• • Avoid use of hydro seeding in areas where the best management practice
(BMP) would be incompatible with tuture earthwork activities and would
have to be removed.
• • Hydroseeding can be accomplished using a multiple-step or one-step
process. The multiple-step process ensures maximum direct contact of the
seeds to soil. When the one-step process is used to apply the mixture of
fiber, seed, etc., the seed rate shall be increased to compensate for all seeds
not having direct contact with the soil.
• • Prior to application, roughen the slope, fill area, or area to be seeded with
the furrows trending along the contours. See "Slope
Roughening/Terracing/Rounding" BMP (Ca/trans Storm Water Quality
Handbooks -Project Planning and Design Manual, May 2000).
• • Apply a straw mulch to keep seeds in place and to moderate soil moisture
and temperature until the seeds germinate and grow .
• • All seeds shall be in conformance with the California State Seed Law of the
Department of Agriculture. Each seed bag shall be delivered to the site
sealed and clearly m1;1rked as to species, purity, percent germination,
dealer's guarantee, and dates of test. The container shall be labeled to
clearly reflect the amount of Pure Live Seed (PLS) contained. All legume
seed shall be pellet-inoculated. Inoculant sources shall be species specific
and shall be applied .at a rate of 2 kg of inoculant per 100 kg of seed (2-lb
inoculant per 100-lb seed).
• • Commercial fertilizer shall conform to the requirements of the California
Food and Agricultural Code. Fertilizer shall be pelleted or granular form.
• • Follow-up applications shall be made as needed to cover weak spots, and to
maintain adequate soil protection.
• • Avoid over-spray onto the travel way, sidewalks, lined drainage channels
and existing vegetation.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction ~te Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
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Hydroseeding
Maintenance and
Inspection
• • All seeded areas shall be inspected :for failures and re-seeded, fertilized, and
mulched within the planting season, using not less than half the original
application rates. Any temporary revegetation efforts that do not provide
adequate cover must be revegetated as required by the Resident Engineer
(RE).
• • After any rainfall event, the Contractor is responsible for maintaining all
slopes to prevent erosion.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices ~anual
November 2000
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Soil Binders
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and Soil binders consist of applying and maintaining polymeric or lignin sulfonate soil
Purpose stabilizers or emulsions. Soil binders are materials applied to the soil surface to
temporarily prevent water-induced erosion of exposed soils on construction sites.
Soil binders typically also provide dust, wind and soil stabilization ( erosion
control) benefits. This is one of five temporary soil stabilization alternatives to
consider.
Appropriate Soil binders are applied to disturbed areas requiring short-term temporary
Applications protection. Because soil binders can often be incorporated into the work, they
may be a good choice for areas where grading activities will soon resume.
Limitations • • Soil binders are temporary in nature and may need reapplication.
• • Soil binders require a minimum curing time until fully effective, as
prescribed by the manufacturer, Which may be 24 hours or longer.
• • Soil binders will generally experience spot failures during heavy rainfall
events. If runoff penetrates the soil at the top of a slope treated with a soil
binder, it is iikely that the runoff will undercut the stabilized soil layer and
discharge ata point further down slope.
• • Soil binders do not hold up to pedestrian or vehicular traffic across treated
areas.
• • Soil binders may not penetrate soil surfaces made up primarily of silt and
clay, particularly when compacted.
• • Some soil binders may not perform well with low relative humidity. Under
rainy conditions, some agents may become slippery or leach out of the soil.
Caltrans Stomi Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Soil Binders SS-5
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Soil Binders
• • May not cure iflow temperatures occur within 24 hours of application.
Standards and General Considerations
Specifications • • Regional soil types will dictate appropriate soil binders to be used.
• • A soil binder must be environmentally benign (non-toxic to plant and
animal life), easy to apply, easy to maintain, economical, and shall not stain
paved or painted surfaces.
• • Some soil binders are compatible with existing vegetation.
• • Performance of soil .binders depends on temperature, humidity, and traffic
across treated areas.
• • Avoid over-spray onto the traveled way, sidewalks, lined drainage channels,
and existing vegetation.
Selecting a Soil .Binder
Properties of coIIll1ion soil binders used for erosion control are provided on Table
1. Use Table 1 to select an appropriate soil binder.
Factors to consider when selecting a soil binder include the following:
• • Suitability to situation -Consider where the soil binder will be applied; if it
needs a high resistance to leachin~ or abrasion, and whether it needs to be
compatil;>le with any existing vegetation. Determine the length of time soil
stabilization will be needed, and if the soil binder will be placed in an area
where it will degrade rapidly. In general, slope steepness is not a
discriminating factor for the listed soil binders. The soil binders in Table 1
may also be used for dust control using the provided dust control
application rates. The dust control application rates will not be adequate to
provide protection from water-induced erosion.
• • Soil types and surface materials -Fines and moisture content are key
properties of surface materials. Consider a soil binder's ability to penetrate,
likelihood of leaching, and ability to form a surface crust on the surface
materials.
• • Frequency of application -The frequency of application can be affected by
subgrade conditions, surface type, traffic volumes, climate, and
maintenance schedule. Frequent applications could lead to high costs.
Application :frequency may be minimized if the soil binder has good
penetration, low evaporation, and good longevity. Consider also that
:frequent application will require :frequent equipment clean-up.
Caltrans StQnn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices-Manual
November 2000
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Soil Binders
After considering the above factors, the soil binders in Table 1 will be
generally appropriate as follows:
Copolymer: Approprjate for long term soil stabilization in areas where ·
cross-traffic might occur, or where stabilization needs to be achieved in
conjunction with preserving existing vegetation. Longevity can be up to 2
years, it has a high resi.stance to abrasion, and is compatible with existing
vegetation. However, it is also relatively costly which makes it less
desirable for short-term or frequent applications.
Lignin su/fonate: Appropriate for short-or medium-term soil stabilization
applications in low traffic areas. The moderate relative cost makes it less
desirable to reapply frequently, though it typically lasts longer than
psyllium or guw. With only moderate penetration and a low resistance to
abrasion, it would be more suited to areas which will not be disturbed
frequently by construction activities.
Psyllium/Guar: Appropriate for typical soil stabilizing situations or short-
term applications. Because of the relatively low cost, they can be applied
more frequently. Their high penetration provides good stabilization but
their moderate resistance to abrasion limits their longevity. They are not
very compatible with vegetation.
Applying Soil Binders
After selecting an appropriate soil binder, the untreated soil surface must be
prepared before applying the soil binder. The untreated soil surface must contain
sufficient moisture to assist the agent in achieving uniform distribution. In
general, the following steps shall be followed:
• • Follow manufacturer's recommendations for application rates, pre-wetting
of application area, and cleaning of equipment after use.
• • Prior to application, roughen embankment and fill areas. Track walking
shall only be used where rolling is impractical.
• • Soil binders shall not be applied during or immediately before rainfall.
• • Avoid over-spray onto the traveled way, sidewalks, lined drainage channels,
sound walls, and existing vegetation.
• • Do not apply soil b~ders to frozen soil, areas with standing water, under
freezing or rainy conditions, or when the temperature is below 4°C ( 40°F).
• • More than one treatment is often necessary, although the second treatment
may be diluted or have a lower application rate.
Caftrans Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
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Soil Binders
Maintenance and
Inspection
• • Generally, soil l;>inders require a minimum curing time of 24 hours before
they ate fully effective. Refer to manufacturer's instructions for specific
cure times.
• • For liquid agents:
Crown or' slope ground to avoid poriding.
Uniformly pre-wet ground at 0.14 to 1.4 l/m2 (0.03 to 0.3 gal/yd2) or
according to manufacturer's recommendations.
Apply $Olution under pressure. Overlap solution 150 to 300 mm (6 to
12 in).
Allow treated area to cure for the time recommended by the
manufacturer; typically, at least 24 hours.
Apply second treatment before first treatment becomes ineffective,
using 50% application rate.
In low humidities, reactivate chemicals by re-wetting with water at 0.5
to 0.9 1/nr (0.1 to 0.2 gal/yd2).
• • Reapplying the s~lected soil binder may be needed for proper maintenance.
Hjgh traffic areas shall be inspected on a daily basis, and lower traffic areas
should be inspected on a weekly basis.
• • After any rainfall event, the Contractor is responsible for maintaining all
slopes to prevent erosion.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction.Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
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Soil Binders
Table 1
Prooertles of Soil Binders for Erosion Control
Chemicals Copolymer Lignin Sulfonate
Comments -Forms semi-permeable -Paper industry waste
transparent crust. product
-Resists ultraviolet -Acts as dispersing
radiation and moisture agent
induced breakdown. -Best in dry climates
-Can be slippery
· Relative Cost . High Moderate
Environmental Low Low
Hazard
Penetr~tion Moderate Moderate
Evaporation Moderate Moderate
Resistance to Low High
Leaching
Resistance to High Low
Abrasion
Longevity 1 to 2 years 6 months to 1 year
Minimum Curing 24 hours 24 hours
Time before Rain
Compatibility with Good Poor
Existing Vegetation
Mode of Chemically Degradabl13 Biologically/Physically/
Degradation Chemically Deg_radable
Labor Intensive No No -.
Specialized Yes Yes
Application
Equipment
Liquid/Powder Liquid Powder
Surface Crusting Yes Yes, but dissolves on
re~etting
Clean-Up Solvents Solvents
Erosion Control Apply 800°1 ,000 I/ha (85-Apply 5,600-6,500 Vha
Application Rate 110 gaVac). (600-700 gal/ac).
Dust Control Apply 280-520 L/ha (30-Loosen surface 25-
Application Rate 55 gal/ac). 50mm {1-2 in). Need 4-
8% fines. Apply 470-
1,900 I/ha (50-200
gaVac).
Caltrans Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Psyllium
· -Effective on dry,
hard soils
-Forms a crust
· Low
Low
High
Moderate
High
Moderate
3 to 6 months
24 hours
Poor
Biologically
Degradable
.No
Yes
Powder
Yes, but dissolves
on rewetting
Water
Apply 170 kg/ha
(150 lb.lac) with
560-2,200 kg/ha
(500-2,000 lbs.lac)
fiber mulch.
Apply 170 k/ha (150
lbs.lac).
Guar
-Effective on dry,
hard soils
-Forms a crust
Low
Low
High
Moderate
High
Moderate
3 to 6 months
24 hours
Poor
Biologically
Degradable
No
Yes
Powder
Yes, but dissolves
on rewetting
Water
Apply 110-220 kg/ha
(100-200 lbs.lac)
with 560-2,200
kg/ha (500-2,000
lbs.lac) fiber mulch.
Apply at 45-70 k/ha
{40-60 lbs.lac).
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Straw Mulch
Definition and
Purpose
Appropriate
Applications
Limitations
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Straw mulch consists of placing a uniform layer of straw and incorporating it into
the soil with a studded roller or anchoring it with a tackifier. This is one of five
temporary soil stabilization alternatives to consider.
• • Straw mulch is used for soil stabilization as a temporary surface cover on
disturbed areas until soils can be prepared for re-vegetation and permanent
vegetation is established.
• • Also typically used in combination with temporary and/or permanent
seeding strategies to enhance plant establishment.
• • Availability of erosion control contractors and straw may be limited prior to
the rainy season due to high demand.
• • There is a potential for introduction of weed-seed and unwanted plant
material..
• • When straw blowers are used to apply straw mulch, the treatment areas
must be within 45 m (150 ft) of a road or surface capable of supporting
trucks.
• • Straw mulch applied by hand is more time intensive and potentially costly.
• • May have to be rem~>Ved prior to permanent seeding or soil stabilization.
' • • "Punching" of straw does not work in sandy soils.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
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Straw Mulch
· Standards and
Specifications
• • Straw shall be derived from wheat, rice, or barley.
• • All materials shall conform to Sections 20-2.06, 20-2.07 and 20-2.11 of the
Standard Specifications.
• • A tackifier is the preferred method for anchoring straw mulch to the soil on
slopes.
• • Crimping, punch roller-type rollers, or track-walking may also be used to
incorporate straw mulch into the soil on slopes. Track walking shall only
be used where other methods are impractical.
• • A void placing straw onto the traveled way, sidewalks, lined drainage
channels, sound walls, and existing vegetation.
• • Straw mulch with tackifier shall not be applied during or immediately
before rainfall.
Application Procedures
• • Apply loose straw ata minimum rate of 3,570 kg/ha (4,000 lb./acre), or as
indicated in the project's special provisions, either by machine or by hand
distribution.
• • The straw mulch must be evenly distributed on the soil surface.
• • Anchor the mulch in place by using a tackifier or by "punching" it into the
soil mechanically.
• • A tackifier acts to glue the straw fibers together and to the soil surface. The
tacki:fier shall be selected based on longevity and ability to hold the fibers in
place.
• • A tackifier is typically applied at a rate of 140 kg/ha (125 lb/ac). In windy
conditions, the -rates are typically 200 kg/ha.
• • Methods for holding the straw mulch in place depend upon the slope
steepness, accessibility, soil conditions and longevity. If the selected
method is incorporation of straw mulch into the soil, then do as follows:
Applying and incorporating straw shall follow the requirements in
Section 20-3.03 of the Standard Specifications.
On small areas, a spade or shovel can be used.
On slopes with soils which are stable enough and of sufficient gradient
to safely ~upport construction equipment without contributing to
compaction and instability problems, straw can be "punched" into the
Caltrans Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
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Straw Mulch
Maintenance and
Inspections
ground using a knife-blade roller or a straight bladed coulter, known
commercially as a "crimper".
On small areas and/or steep slopes, straw can also be held in place
using plastic netting or jute. The netting shall be held in place using 11
gauge wire staples, geotextile pins or wooden stakes (as described in
BMP SS-7, "Geotextiles, Plastic Covers and Erosion Control
Blankets/Mats".
• • The key consideration in maintenance and inspection is that the straw needs
to last long enough to achieve erosion control objectives.
• • Reapplication ·Of straw mulch and tackifier may be required by the Resident
Engineer to maintain effective soil stabilization over disturbed areas and
slopes.
• • After any rainfall event, the Contractor is responsible for maintaining all
slopes to prevent erosion.
Calfrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
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Material Delivery and Storage
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
•·Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and Procedures and practices for the proper handling and storage of materials in a
Purpose manner that min,imizes or eliminates the discharge of these materials to the storm
drain system or to waterc9urses.
Appropriate These procedures are implemented at all construction sites with delivery and
Applications storage of the following:
• • Soil
• • Pesticides and herbicides
• • Fertilizers
• • Detergents
• • Plaster
• • Petroleum products such as fuel, oil, and grease
• • Asphalt and concrete components
• • Hazardous chemicals such as acids, lime, glues, adhesives, paints, solvents,
and curing compounds
• • Concrete compounds
• • Other materials that may be detrimental if released to the environment
Limitations • • Space limitation may preclude indoor storage.
• • Storage sheds must meet building & fire code requirements ..
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Material Delivery and Storage WM-1
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Material Delivery and Storage
Standards and General
Specifications • • Train employees and subcontractors on the proper material delivery and
storage practices.
• • Temporary storage area shall be located away from vehicular traffic.
• • Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) shall be supplied to the Resident
Engineer (RE) for all materials stored.
Material Storage Areas and Practices
Liquids, petrolell!Il products, and substances listed in 40 CFR Parts 110, 117, or
302 shall be handled in conformance with the following provisions:
• • Storage, preparation, and mixing shall be accomplished in temporary
containment facilities. Each temporary containment facility shall provide a
spill containment volume equal to 1.5 times the volume of all containers
therem. and shall be impervious to the materials contained therein for a
minimum contact time of 72 hours.
• • Sufficient separation shall be provided between stored containers to allow
for spill cleanup and emergency response access.
• • Incompatible materials, such as chlorine and ammonia, shall not be stored
in the same temporary containment facility.
• • To provide protection from wip.d and rain, throughout the rainy season,
temporary containment facilities shall be covered during non-working days
and prior to rain events.
• • Temporary containment facilities shall be maintained free of accumulated
rainwater and spills.
• • Materials shall be stored in their original containers and the original product
labels shall be maintained in place in a legible condition. Damaged or
otherwise illegible labels shall be replaced immediately.
• • Liquid materials, petroleum products, and substances listed in 40 CFR Parts
110, 117 or 302 shall be stored in approved containers and drums shall not
be overfilled. Containers shall be placed in temporary containment
facilities for storage.
• • Bagged and boxed materials shall be stored on pallets and shall not be
allowed to accumulate on the ground. To provide protection fr<_>m wind and
rain, throughout the rainy season, bagged and boxed materials shall be
covered during non-working days and prior to rain events.
Caltrans Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Material Delivery and Storage WM-1
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Material Delivery and Storage
Maintenance and
Inspection
• • Stockpiles shall be protected in accordance with BMP WM-3, "Stockpile
Management".
• • Minimize the material inventory stored on-site ( e.g., only a few days
supply).
• • Store materials indoors within existing structures or sheds when available.
• • Have proper storage instructions posted at all times in an open and
conspicuous location.
• ~ Do not.store hazardous chemicals, drums, or bagged materials directly on
the ground. Place these items on a pallet and when possible, under cover in
secondary containment.
• • Keep hazardous chemicals well labeled and in their original containers.
• • Keep ample supply of appropriate spill clean up material near storage areas.
• • Also.see BMP WM-6, "Hazardous Waste Management", for storing of
hazardous materials.
Material De/ivfJry Practices
• • Keep an accurate, up-to-date inventory of material delivered and stored on-
site.
• • Employees trained in emergency spill clean-up procedures shall be present
when dangerous materials or liquid chemicals are unloaded.
Spill Clean-up
• • Contain and clean up any spill immediately.
• • If significant residuai materiijls remain on the ground after construction is
complete, properly remove and dispose any hazardous materials or
contaminated soil.
• • See BMP WM-4, "Spill Prevention and Control", for spills of chemicals
and/or hazardous materials.
• • Storage areas shall be kept clean, well organized, and equipped with ample
clean-up supplies as appropriate for the materials being stored.
• • Perimeter controls, (?ontainment structures, covers, and liners shall be
repaired or replaced as needed to maintain proper function.
• • Inspect storage areas before and after rainfall events, and at least weekly
during other times.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Material Delivery and Storage WM-1
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Material Use
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and These are procedures and practices for use of construction material in a manner
Purpose that minimizes or eliminates the discharge of these materials to the storm drain
system or to watercourses.
Appropriate This BMP applies to all construction projects. These procedures apply when the
Applications following materials are used or prepared on site:
Limitations
• • Pesticides and herbicides
• • Fertilizers
• • Detergents
• • Plaster
• • Petroleum products such as fuel, oil, and grease
• • Asphalt and other concrete components
• • Hazardous chemicals such as acids, lime, glues, adhesives, paints, solvents,
and curing compounds
• • Concrete compounds
• • Other materials thatmay be detrimental if released to the environment
• • Safer alternative bajlding and construction products may not be available or
suitable in every instance.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site-Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Material Use WM-2
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Material Use
Standards and
Specifications
Maintenance and
Inspections
• • Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) shall be supplied to the Resident
Engineer (RE) for all materials.
• • Latex paint and paint cans, used brushes, rags, absorbent materials, and
drop cloths, when thoroughly dry and are no longer hazardous, may be
disposed of with other construction debris.
• • Do not remove the original product label, it contains important safety and
disposal information. Use the entire product before disposing of the
container.
• • Mix paint indoors, or in a containment area. Never clean paintbrushes or
rinse paint containers into a street, gutter, storm drain or watercourse.
Dispose of any paint thinners, residue and sludge(s ), that cannot be
recycled, as hazardous waste.
• • For water-based paint, clean brushes to the extent practical, and rinse to a
drain leading to a sanitary sewer where permitted, or into a concrete
washout pit or temporary sediment trap. For oil-based paints, clean brushes
to the extent practical and filter and reuse thinners and solvents.
• • Use recycled and less hazardous products when practical. Recycle residual
paints, solvents,. non-treated lumber, and other materials.
• • Use materials only where and when needed to complete the construction
activity. Use safer alternative materials as much as possible. Reduce or
eliminate use of hazardous materials on-site when practical.
• • Do not over-apply fertilizers and pesticides. Prepare only the amount
needed. Strictly follow the recommended usage instructions. Apply
surface dressings in smaller applications, as opposed to large applications,
to allow tlllle for it to work in and to avoid excess materials being carried
off-site by runoff.
• • Application of herbicides and pesticides shall be performed by a licensed
applicator.
• • Contractors are required to complete the "Report of Chemical Spray Forms"
when spraying herbicides and pesticides.
•-• Keep an &mple supply of spill clean up material near use areas. Train
employees in spill clean up procedures.
• • Avoid exposing applied materials to rainfall and runoff unless sufficient
time has been allowed for them to dry.
• • Spot check employees and subcontractors monthly throughout the job to
ensure appropriate practices are being employed.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November2000
Material Use WM-2
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Stockpile Management
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and Procedures and practices to reduce or eliminate pollution of storm water from
Purpose stockpiles of soil, and paving materials such as portland cement concrete (PCC)
rubble, asphalt concrete (AC), asphalt concrete rubble, aggregate base, aggregate
subbase or pre-mixed aggregate and asphalt minder (so called "cold mix"
asphalt).
Appropriate Implemented in all projects that stockpile soil and paving materials.
Applications
Limitations None identified
Standards and
Specifications
• • Protection of stockpiles is a year-round requirement.
• • Locate stockpiles away from concentrated flows of storm water, drainage
courses, and inlets.
• • Protect all stockpiles from storm water run-on using a temporary perimeter
sediment barrier such as berms, dikes, silt fences or sandbag barriers.
• • Implement wind erosion control practices as appropriate on all stockpiled
material. For specific information see BMP WE-1, "Wind Erosion
Control."
• • Stockpiles of contaminated soil shall be managed in accordance with BMP
WM-7 "Contanµna!¥d Soil Management".
• • Bagged materials should be placed on pallets and under cover.
Caltrans Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Stockpile Management WM-3
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Stockpile Management
Maintenance and
Inspections
Protection of Non-Active Stockpiles
Non-active stockpiles of the identified materials shall be protected further as
follows:
• • Soil stockpiles:
. -During the rainy season, soil stockpiles shall be covered or protected
with soil stabilization measures and a temporary perimeter sediment
barrier at all times.
Puring the non-rainy season, soil stockpiles shall be covered or
protected with a temporary perimeter sediment barrier prior to the onset
of precipitation.
• • Stockpiles of portland cement concrete rubble, asphalt concrete, asphalt
concrete rubble, aggregate base, or aggregate subbase:
During the rainy season, the stockpiles shall be covered or protected
with a temporary perimeter sediment barrier at all times.
During the non-rainy season, the stockpiles shall be covered or
protected with a temporary perimeter sediment barrier prior to the onset
of precipitation.
• • Stockpiles of "cold mix":
During the rainy season, cold mix stockpiles shall be placed on and
covered with plastic or comparable material at all times.
During the non-rainy season, cold mix stockpiles shall be placed on
and covered with plastic or comparable material prior to the onset of
precipitation.
Protection of Active Stockpiles
Active stockpiles of the identified materials shall be protected further as follows:
• • All stockpiles shall be protected with a temporary linear sediment barrier
prior to the onset of precipitation.
• • Stockpiles of "cold mix" shall be placed on and covered with plastic or
comparable material prior to the onset of precipitation.
• • Repair and/or replace perimeter controls and covers as needed, or as
directed by the RE, to keep them functioning properly.
Caltrans Stonn Water·Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Managern~t Practices Manual
November·2000
Stockpile Management WM-3
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Spill Prevention and Control
BMP Objectives
• Sail Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and These are procedures and practices implemented to prevent and control spills in a
Purpose manner that minimizes or prevents the discharge of spilled material to the
drainage system or watercourses.
Appropriate This best management practice (BMP) applies to all construction projects. Spill
Application control procedures are implemented anytime chemicals and/or hazardous
substances are stored. Substances may include, but are not limited to:
• • Soil stabilizers/binders
• • Pust Palliatives
•• Herbicides
• • Growth inhibitors ... F ertilizets
• • Deicing/anti-icing chemicals
•• Fuels
• • Lubricants
• • Other petroleum distillates
To the extent that the work can be accomplished safely, spills of oil, petroleum
products, substances listed under 40 CFR parts 110, 117, and 302, and sanitary
and septic wastes shall be contained and cleaned up immediately.
Caltrans Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices.Manual
November 2000
Spill Prevention and Control WM-4
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Spill Prevention and Control
Limitations
Standards and
Specifications
• • This BMP only applies to spills caused by the contractor.
• • Procedures and practices presented in this BMP are general. Contractor
shall identify appropriate practices_ for the specific materials used or stored
on-site.
• • To the extent that it doesn't compromise clean up activities, spills shall be
covered and protected from storm water run-on during rainfall.
• • Spills shall not be buried or washed with water.
• • Used clean up materials, contaminated materials, and recovered spill
material that is no longer suitable for the intended purpose shall be stored
and disposed of in conformance with the provisions in these special
provisions.
• • Water used for cleaning and decontamination shall not be allowed to enter
storm drains or watercourses and shall be collected and disposed of in
accordance with BMP WM-10, "Liquid Waste Management".
• • Water overflow or minor water spillage shall be contained and shall not be
allowed to discharge .into drainage facilities or watercourses.
• • Proper storage, clean-up and spill reporting instruction for hazardous
materials stored or used on the project site shall be posted at all times in an
open, conspicuous and accessible location.
• • Waste storage areas shall be kept clean, well organized and equipped with
ample clean-up supplies as appropriate for the materials being stored.
Perimeter controls, containment structures, covers and liners shall be
repaired or replaced as needed to maintain proper function.
Education
• • Educate employees and subcontractors on what a "significant spill" is for
each material they use, and what is the appropriate response for
"significant" and "insignificant" spills.
• • Educate employees and subcontractors on potential dangers to humans and
the environment from spills and leaks ..
• • l;Iold regular meetings to discuss and reinforce appropriate disposal
procedures (incorporate into regular safety meetings).
• • Establish a continuing education program to indoctrinate new employees.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manu~
November 2000
Spill Prevention and Control WM-4
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Spill Prevention and Control
• • The Contractor's Water Pollution Control Manager (WPCM) shall oversee
and enforce proper spill prevention and control measures.
Clean up and Storage Procedures
• • Minor Spills
Minor spills typically involve small quantities of oil, gasoline, paint,
etc. which can be controlled by the first responder at the discovery of
the spill.
Use absorbentmaterials on small spills rather than hosing down or
burying the spill.
Remove the absorbent materials promptly and dispose of properly.
The practice commonly followed for a minor spill is:
1. Contain the spread of the spill.
2. Recover spilled materials.
3.. Clean the contaminated area and/or properly dispose of
contaminated materials.
• • Semi-Significant Spills
Semi-significant spills still can be controlled by the first responder
along with the aid of other personnel such as laborers and the foreman,
etc. This response may require the cessation of all other activities.
Clean up spills immediately:
1. Notify the project foreman immediately. The foreman shall notify
the Resident Engineer (RE).
2. Contain spread of the spill.
3. If the spill occurs on paved or impermeable surfaces, clean up
using "dry" methods (absorbent materials, cat litter and/or rags).
Contain the spill by encircling with absorbent materials and do not
let the spill spread widely.
4. If the spill occurs in dirt areas, immediately contain the spill by
constructing an earthen dike. big up and properly dispose of
contaminated soil.
5. If the spill occurs during rain, cover spill with tarps or other
material to prevent contaminating runoff.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best M~agement Practices Manual
November 2000
Spill Prevention and Control WM-4
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Spill Prevention and Control
Maintenance and
Inspection
• • Significant/Hazardous Spills
For significant or hazardous spills that cannot be controlled by
personnel in the immediate vicinity, th~ following steps shall be taken:
1. Notify the RE immediately and follow up with a written report.
2. Notify the local emergency response by dialing 911. In addition
to 911, the contractor will notify the proper county officials. It is
the contractor's responsibility to have all emergency phone
numbers at the construction site.
3. Notify the Governor's Office of Emergency Services Warning
Center, (805) 852-7550.
4. For spills of federal reportable quantities, in conformance with the
requirements in 40 CFR parts 110,119, and 302, the contractor
shall notify the National Response Center at (800) 424-8802.
5. Notification shall first be made by telephone and followed up with
a written report.
6. The services of a spills contractor or a Haz-Mat team shall be
obtained immediately. Construction personnel shall not attempt to
clean up until the appropriate and qualified staff have arrived at
the job site.
7. Other agencies which may need to be consulted include, but are
not limited to, the Fire Department, the Public Works Department,
the Coast Guard, the Highway Patrol, the City/County Police
Department, Department of Toxic Substances, California Division
of Oil and Gas, CaVOSHA, etc.
• • Verify weekly that spill control clean up materials are located near material
storage, unloading, and use areas.
• • Update spill prevention and control plans and stock appropriate clean-up
materials whenever changes occur in the types of chemicals on site.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Manag~ent Practl~es Manual
November 2000
Spill Prevention and Control WM-4
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Solid Waste Management
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and These are procedures and practices to minimize or eliminate the discharge of
Purpose pollutants to the drainage system or-to watercourses as a result of the creation,
stockpiling, and removal of construction site wastes.
Appropriate Solid waste management practices are implemented on all construction projects
Applications that generate solid wastes.
Splid wastes include but are not limited to:
• • Constructioq wastes including brick, mortar, timber, steel and metal scraps,
pipe and electrical cuttings, non-hazardous equipment parts, styrofoam and
other materials used to transport and package construction materials.
• • Highway planting wastes, including vegetative material, plant containers,
and packaging materials.
• • Litter, including food containers, beverage cans, coffee cups, paper bags,
plastic wrappers, aq.d smoking materials, including litter generated by the
public.
Limitations · Temporary stockpiling of certain construction wastes may not necessitate
stringent drainage related controls during the non-rainy season or in desert areas
with low rainfall.
Standards and Education
Specifications • • The Contractor's Water Pollution Control Manager (WPCM) shall oversee
and enforce proper solid waste procedures and practices.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Solid Waste Management WM-5
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Solid Waste Management
• • Instruct employees and subcontractors on identification of solid waste and
hazardous waste.
• • Educate employees and subcontractors on solid waste storage and disposal
procedures.
• • Hold regular meetings to discuss and reinforce disposal procedures
(incorporate into regular safety meetings).
• • Require that employees and subcontractors follow solid waste handling and
storage procedures.
• • Prohibit littering by employees, subcontractors, and visitors.
• • Wherever possible, minimize production of solid waste materials.
Collection, Storage, ancJ Disposal
• • Littering on the project site shall be prohibited.
• • To prevent clogging of the storm drainage system litter and debris removal
fro:µi drainage grates, trash racks, and ditch lines shall be a priority.
• • Trash receptacles shall be provided in the Contractor's yard, field trailer
areas, and at locations where workers congregate for lunch and break
periods.
• • Litter from work areas within the construction limits of the project site shall
be collected and placed in water tight dumpsters at least weekly regardless
ofwhether the litter was generated by the Contractor, the public, or others.
Collecte4 litter and debris sh~ll not be placed in or next to drain inlets,
storm water drainage systems or watercourses.
• • Dumpsters of sufficient size and number shall be provided to contain the
solid waste $enerated by the project.
• • Full dumpsters shall be removed from the project site and the contents shall
be disposed of outside the highway right of way in conformance with the
provisions in Section 7-1.13 of the Standard Specifications.
• • Litter stored in collection areas and containers shall be handled and
disposed of by trash hauling contractors.
• • Materials that are disposed of or temporarily stockpiled outside the highway
right-of-way but are visible from the Highway, shall be in a neat and
orderly fashion to the satisfaction of the Resident Engineer (RE).
• • Storm water run-on shall be prevented from contacting stored solid waste
through the use of berms, dikes, or other temporary diversion structures or
Caltrans Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Solid Waste Management WM-5
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Solid Waste Management
Maintenance and
Inspection
through the use of measures to elevate waste form site surfaces.
• • Solid waste storage areas shall be located at least 15m from drainage
facilities and watercourses and shall not be located in areas prone to
flooding or ponding.
• • Except during fair weather, construction and highway planting waste not
stored in watertight dumpsters shall be protected from wind and rain by
securely covering the waste with tarps or plastic sheeting or protected in
conformance with the applicable Disturbed Soil Area protection.
• • Dumpster washout on the project site is not allowed
• • Notify trash hauling contractors that only watertight dumpsters are
acceptable for use on-site.
• • Plan for additional containers during the demolition phase of construction.
• • Plan for more frequent pickup during the demolition phase of construction.
• • Designate on-site wast~ storage areas and obtain approval of the RE.
• • Segregate potentially hazardous waste from non-hazardous construction site
waste.
• • Make sure thattoxic liquid wastes (used oils, solvents, and paints) and
chemicals ( acids, pesticides, additives, curing compounds) are not disposed
of in dumpsters designated for construction debris.
• • Dispose of non-hazardous waste in accordance with Standard Specification
7-1.13, Disposal of Material Outside the Highway right-of-way.
• • For disposal of hazardous waste, see BMP WM-6, "Hazardous Waste
Management". Have hazardous waste hauled to an appropriate disposal
and/or recycling facility. ·
• • Salvage or recycle useful vegetation debris, packaging and/or surplus
building materials when practical. For example, trees and shrubs from land
clearing can be used as a brush barrier, or converted into wood chips, then
used as mulch on graded· areas. Wood pallets, cardboard boxes, and
construction scraps can also be recycled.
• • The WPCM shall monitor on-site solid waste storage and disposal
procedures.
• • Police site for litter and debris.
Caltrans Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Solid Waste Management WM-5
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Hazardous Waste Management
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and These are procedures and practices to minimize or eliminate the discharge of
Purpose pollutants from 9onstruction site hazardous waste to the storm drain system or to
watercourses.
Appropriate
Applications
Limitations
• • This best management practice (BMP) applies to all construction projects.
• • Hazardous waste management practices are implemented on construction
projects that generate waste from the use of:
Petroleum Products,
Concrete Curing Compounds,
Palliatives,
Septic Wastes,
Stains,
Wood Preservatives,
Asphalt Products,
Pesticides,
Acids,
Paints,
Solvents,
Roofing Tar, or
Any materials deemed a hazardous waste in California, Title 22
Division 4.5, or listed in 40 CFR Parts 110, 117, 261, or 302.
• • Nothing in this BMP relieves the Contractor from responsibility for
compliance with federal, state, and local laws regarding storage, handling,
transportation, and disposal of hazardous wastes.
• • this BMP does not cover aerially deposited lead (ADL) soils. For ADL
soils refer to BMP WM-7, Contaminated Soil Management, and the project
Special Provisions.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
Novemper 2000
Hazardous Waste Management WM-6
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Hazardous Waste Management
Standards and Education
Specifications • • Educate employees and subcontractors on hazardous waste storage and
disposal procedures.
• • Educate employees and subcontractors on potential dangers to humans and
the environment from hazardous wastes.
• • Instruct employees and subcontractors on safety procedures for common
construction site hazardous wastes.
• • Instruct employees and subcontractors in identification of hazardous and
solid waste.
• • Hold regular meetings to discuss and reinforce hazardous waste
management procedures (incorporate into regular safety meetings).
• • The Contractor's Water Polluti<;m Control Manager (WPCM) shall oversee
and-enforce proper hazardous waste management procedures and practices.
• • Make sure that hazardous waste is collected, removed, and disposed of only
at authorized disposal areas.
Storage Procedures
• • Wastes shall be stored in sealed containers constructed of a suitable
material and shall be labeled as required by Title 22 CCR, Division 4.5 and
49 CFR Parts 172,173, 178, and 179.
• • All hazardous waste shall be stored, transported, and disposed as required in
Title 22 CCR, Division 4.5-and 49 CFR 261-263.
• • Waste containers shall be stored in temporary containment facilities that
shall comply with the following requirements:
Temporary containment facility shall provide a spill containment
volume equal to 1.5 times the volume of all containers.
Temporary containment facility shall be impervious to the materials
contained for a minimum contact time of 72 hours.
Temporary containment facilities shall be maintained free of
accumulated rainwater and spills.
Sufficient separation shall be provided between stored containers to
allow for spill cleanup and emergency response access.
Incompatible materials, such as chlorine and ammonia, shall not be
stored in the same temporary containment facility.
Caltrans Stonn Water Quality Handbooks
Constr!,Jc~lon Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Hazardous Waste Management WM-6
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Hazar~ous Waste Management
• • Throughout the rainy season, temporary containment facilities shall be
covered during non-working days, prior to rain events.
• • Drums shall ~ot be overfilled and wastes shall not be mixed.
• • Paint brushes and equipment for water and oil based paints shall be cleaned
within a contained area and shall not be allowed to contaminate site soils,
watercourses or drainage systems. Waste paints, thinners, solvents,
residues, and sludges that cannot be recycled or reused shall be disposed of
as hazardous waste, When thoroughly dry, latex paint and paint cans, used
brushes, rags, .absorbent materials, and drop cloths shall be disposed of as
solid waste.
• • Ensure that adequate hazardot.1s waste storage volume is available.
• • Ensure that hazardous waste collection containers are conveniently located.
• • Designate hazardous waste storage areas on site away from storm drains or
watercourses and away from moving vehicles and equipment to prevent
accidental spills.
• • Minimize production or generation of hazardous materials and hazardous
waste on the job site.
• • Use containment berms in fueling and maintenance areas and where the
potential for spills is high.
• • Segregate potentially hazardous waste from non-hazardous construction site
debris.
• • Keep liquid or semi-liquid hazardous waste in appropriate containers
( closed drums or similar) and under cover.
• • Clearly label all hazardous waste containers with the waste being stored and
the date of accumulation.
• • Place hazardous waste containers in secondary containment.
• • Do not allow potentially hazardous waste materials to accumulate on the
ground.
• • Unless watertight, containers of dry waste shall be stored on pallets.
• • Do not mix wastes.
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November 2000
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Hazardous Waste Manag~ment
Maintenance and
Inspection
Disposal Procedures
• • Waste shall be disposed of outside the highway right-of-way within 90 days
of being generated, or as directed by the Resident Engineer (RE).
• • To minimize on-site storage, full containers of waste shall be disposed of
outside the highway right-of-way at_ least weekly. In no case shall hazardous
waste storage exceed requirements in Title 22 CCR, section 66262.34.
• • Waste shall be d,isposed ofby a licensed hazardous waste transporter at an
authorized and licensed disposal facility or recycling facility utilizing
properly completed Uniform Waste Manifest forms. In no case shall
hazardous waste storage exceed requirements in Title 22 CCR, section
66262.34.
• • A Caltrans certified laboratory shall sample waste to determine the
appropriate disposal facility.
• • Make sure that toxic liquid wastes (used oils, solvents, and paints) and
chemicals ( acids, pesticides, additives, curing compounds) are not disposed
of in dumpsters designated for solid waste construction debris.
• • Properly dispose ofrainwater in secondary containment that may have
mixed with hazardous waste.
• • Recycle any useful material such as used oil or water-based paint when
practical.
• • Attention is directed to "Hazardous Material", "Contaminated Material",
and "Aerially Deposited Lead" of the contract documents regarding the
handling and disposal of hazardous materials.
• • The WPCM shall monitor on-site hazardous waste storage and disposal
procedures.
• • Wa$te storage areas shall be kept clean, well organized, and equipped with
ample clean-up supplies as appropriate for the materials being stored.
• • Storage areas shall be inspected in conformance with the provisions in the
contract documents.
• • Perimeter controls, containment structures, covers, and liners shall be
repaired or replaced as needed to maintain proper function.
• • Hazardous spills shall be cleaned up and reported in conformance with the
applicable Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) and the instructions posted
at the project site.
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November 2000
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Hazardous Waste Management
• • The National Respo:p.se Center, at (800) 424-8802, shall be notified of spills
of Federal reportable quantities in conformance with the requirements in 40
CFR parts 110, 117, and 302.
• • Copy of Bill of Lade_n and disposal receipts shall be provided to the RE.
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November 2000 Hazardous Waste Management WM-6
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Contaminated Soil Management
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and These are procedures and practices to minimize or eliminate the discharges of
Purpose pollutants to the drainage system or to watercourses from contaminated soil.
Appropriate
Applications
Limitations
• • Contaminated soil management is implemented on construction projects in
highly urbanized or industrial areas where soil contamination may have
occurred due to spills, illicit discharges, and leaks from underground
storage tanks.
• • It may also apply to highway widening projects in older areas where median
and shoulder soils may have been contaminated by aerially deposited lead
(ADL).
• • The procedures and practices presented in this best management practice
(BMP) are general. The contractor shall identify appropriate practices and
procedures for the specific contaminants known to exist or discovered on
site.
Standards and Identifying Contaminated Areas
Specifications •• Contaminated soils are oftenidentified during project planning and
development with known locations identified in the plans and
specifications. The contractor shall review applicable reports and
investigate appropriate call-outs in the plans and specifications.
• • The contractor may further identify contaminated soils by investigating:
Past site uses and activities.
Detected or undetected spills and leaks.
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November 2000
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Contaminated Soil Management
Acid or alkaline solutions from exposed soil or rock formations high in
acid or alkaline forming elements.
Look for contaminated soil as evidenced by discoloration, odors,
differences in soil properties, abandoned underground tanks or pipes,
or buried debris. Test suspected soils at a certified laboratory.
Education
• • Prior to perfonning any excavation work at the locations containing
material classified as hazardous, employees and subcontractors shall
complete a safety training program which meets 29 CFR 1910.120 and 8
CCR ~ 192 covering the potential hazards as identified.
• • Educate employees and subcontractors in identification of contaminated soil
and on contaminated soil handlir!.g and disposal procedures.
• • Hold regular meetings to discuss and reinforce disposal procedures
(incorporate into regular safety meetings).
Handling Procedures for Material with Aerially Deposited Lead (ADL)
• • Materials from areas designated as containing (ADL) may, if allowed by the
contract special provisions, be excavated, transported, and used in the
construction of elllbankments and/or backfill.
• • Excavation, transportation, and placement operations shall result in no
visible dust.
• • Use caution to prevent spillage of lead containing material during transport.
• • Monitor the air quality during excavation of soils contaminated with lead.
Handling Procedures for Contaminated Soils
• • Test suspected soils at a Caltrans approved certified laboratory.
• • If the soil is contaminated, work with the local regulatory agencies to
develop options for treatment and/or disposal.
" • Avoid temporary stockpiling of contaminated soils or hazardous material.
• • If temporary stockpiling is necessary:
(1} Cover the stockpile with plastic sheeting or tarps.
(2) Install a berm around the stockpile to prevent runoff from leaving the
area.
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Contaminated Soil Management
(3) Do not stockpile in or near storm drains or watercourses.
• • Contaminated material and hazardous material on exteriors of transport
vehicles shall 'be removed and placed either into the current transport
vehicle or the excavation prior to the vehicle leaving the exclusion zone.
• • Monitor the air quality continuously during excavation operations at all
locations containing hazardous material.
• • Procure all permits and licenses, pay all charges and fees, and give all
notices necessary and incident to the due and lawful prosecution of the
work, including registration for transporting vehicles carrying the
contaminated material and the hazardous material.
• • Collect water from decontamination procedures and treat and/or dispose of
it at an appropriate disposal site.
• • Collect non-reusable protective equipment, once used by any personnel, and
dispose of at an appropriate disposal site.
• • Install temporary security fence to surround and secure the exclusion zone.
Remove fencing when no longer needed.
• • Excavation, transport, and disposal of contaminated material and hazardous
material shall be in accordance with the rules and regulations of the
following agencies (the specifications of these agencies supersede the
procedures outlined in this BMP):
United States Department of Transportation (USDOT);
United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEP A);
California Environmental Protection Agency (CAL-EPA);
California Division of Occupation Safety and Health Administration
(CAL-OSHA); and
Local regulatory agencies.
Procedures for Underground Storage Tank Removals
• • Prior to commencing tank removal operations, obtain the required
underground storage tank removal permits and approval from the federal,
state, and local agencies which have jurisdiction over such work.
• • Arrange to have tested, as directed by the Resident Engineer (RE), any
liquid or sludge found in the underground tank prior to its removal to
determine if it contains hazardous substances.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Man~al
November 2000 ·
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Contaminated Soil· Management
Maintenance and
Inspection
• • Following the tank removal, take soil samples beneath the excavated tank
and perform analysis as required by the local agency representative(s).
• • The underground storage-. any liquid and/or sludge found within the
tank, and all contaminated substances and hazardous substances removed
during the tank removal shall be transported to disposal facilities permitted
to accept such waste.
Water Control
• • Take all necessary precautions and preventive measures to prevent the flow
of water, including ground water, from mixing with hazardous substances
or underground storage tank excavations. Such preventative measures may
consist of, but are not limited to: berms, cofferdams, grout curtains, freeze
walls, and seal course concrete or any combination thereof.
• • If water does enter an excavation and becomes contaminated, such water,
when necessary to proceed with the work, shall be discharged to clean,
closed top, watertight holding tanks, treated, and disposed of in accordance
with federal, state, and local laws.
• • The Contractor's Water Pollution Control Manager and/or construction
supervisor shall monitor on-site contaminated soil storage and disposal
procedures.
• • Monitor air quality continuousiy during excavation operations at all
locations containing hazardous material.
• • Coordinate contaminated soils. and hazardous substances/waste
management with the appropriate federal, state, and local agencies.
• • Inspect hazardous waste receptacles and areas regularly.
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Concrete Waste Management
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and These are procedures and practices that are implemented to minimize or eliminate
Purpose the discharge of concrete waste materials to the storm drain system or to
w.atercourses.
Appropriate
Applications
• • Concrete waste management practices are implemented on construction
projects where concrete is ust::d as a construction material or where concrete
dust and debris result form demolition activities.
• • Where slurries containing portland cement concrete (PCC) or asphalt
concrete (AC) are generated, such as from sawcutting, coring, grinding,
grooving, and hydro-concrete demolition.
• • Where concrete trucks and other concrete-coated equipment are washed on
site, when approved by the Resident Engineer (RE). See also NS-8, Vehicle
and Equipment Cleaning.
• • Where mortar-mixing stations exist.
Limitations None identified.
Standards and Education
Specifications • • Educate employees, subcontractors, and suppliers on the concrete waste
management techniques described herein.
• • The Contractor's Water Pollution Control Manager (WPCM) shall oversee
and enforce concrete waste management procedures.
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Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
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Concrete Slurry Wastes
• • PCC and AC waste shall not be allowed to enter storm drains or
watercourses.
• • PCC and AC waste shall be collected and disposed of outside the highway
right-of-way in conformance with section 7-1.13 of Standard Specifications
or placed in a temporary concrete washout facility.
• • Disposal of hardened PCC and AC waste shall be in conformance with
Section 15-3.02 of the Standard Specifications.
• • A sign shall be installed adjacent to each temporary concrete washout
facility to inform concrete equipment operators to utilize the proper
facilities.
• • Below grade concrete washout facilities are typical. Above grade facilities
are used if excavation is not practical.
• • Do not allow slurry residue from wet coring or saw-cutting AC or PCC to
enter stonn drains or receiving waters by:
Placing temporary berms or sandbags around coring or saw-cutting
locations to capture and contaµ1slurry runoff.
Placing straw bales, sandbags, or gravel dams around inlets to prevent
slurry from entering ,storm drains.
• • V:acuum slurry residue and dispose in a temporary pit ( as described in On-
Site TempQrary Concrete Washout Facility, Concrete Transit Truck
Washout Procedures, below) and allow slurry to dry. Dispose of dry slurry
residue in accordance with BMP WM-5, "Solid Waste Management", or,
for on-site disposal, in accordance with Standard Specification 15-3.02,
Removal Method~.
• • Collect residue from grooving and ¢n_ding operations in accordance with
Standard Specifications Section 42-1.02 and 42-2.02, "Construction."
On-sit~ Temporary Concrete Washout Facility, Transit Truck
Washout Procedures
• • Temporary concrete washout facilities shall be locat~d a minimum of 15 m
(50 ft) from storm drain inlets, open drainage facilities, and watercourses,
unless detel'Illined unfeasible by the RE. Each facility shall be located away
. from construction traffic or access areas to prevent disturbance or tracking.
• • A sign shall be installed adjacent to each washout facility to inform concrete
equipment operators to utilize the proper facilities. The sign shall be
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Concrete Waste Management
installed as shown on the plans and in conformance with the provisions in
Section 56-2, "Roadside Signs", of the Standard Specifications.
• • Temporary concrete washout facilities shall be constructed above grade or
below grade at the option of the Contractor. Temporary concrete washout
facilities shallbe constructed and maintained in sufficient quantity and size
to contain all liquid and concrete waste generated by washout operations.
• • temporary washout facilities shall have a temporary pit or bermed areas of
sufficient volume to completely contain all liquid and waste concrete
materials generated during washout procedures.
• • Perform washout of concrete trucks in designated areas only.
• • Once concrete wastes are washed into the designated area and allowed to
harden, the concrete shall be broken up, removed, and disposed of pe~ BMP
WM-5, "Solid Waste Management", and in conformance with the
provisions in Section 15-3.02, "Removal Methods", of the Standard
Specifications. Dispose of hardened concrete on a regular basis.
• • Temporary Concrete Washout Facility (Type Above Grade)
Temporary concrete washout facility (type above grade) shall be
constructed as shown on the plans, with a recommended minimum
length and minimum width of 3m, but with sufficient quantity ~d
volume to contain all liquid and concrete waste generated by washout
operations. The length and width of a facility may be increased, at the
Contractor's expense, upon approval of the RE.
Straw bales, wood stakes, and sandbag materials shall conform to the
provisions in BMP SC-9, "Straw Bale Barrier".
Plastic lining material shall be a minimum of 60 mil polyethylene
sheeting and shall be freeof holes, tears or other defects that
compromise the impermeability of the material.
Portable delineators shall conform to the provisions in Section 12-3 .04,
"Portable Delineators",.ofthe Standard Specifications. The delineator
bases shall be cemented to the pavement in the same manner as
provided for cementing pavement markers to pavement in Section
85-1.06, "Placement", of the Standard Specifications. Portable
delineators shall be .applied only to a clean, dry surface.
• • Temporary Concrete Washout Facility (Type Below Grade)
Temporary concrete washout facility (type below grade) shall be
constructed as shown on the plans, with a recommended minimum
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November 2000
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Concrete Waste Management
Maintenance and
Inspection
length and minimum width of 3m (10 ft). The quantity and volume
shall be sufficient ~o contain all liquid and concrete waste generated by
washout operations. The length and width of a facility may be
increased, at the Contractor's expense, upon approval of the RE. Lath
and flagging shall be commercial type.
Removal of Temporary Concrete Washout Facilities
-• • When temporary concrete washout facilities are no longer required for the
work, as determined by the RE, the hardened concrete shall be removed and
disposed of in conformance with the provisions in Section 15-3.02 of the
Standard Specifications. Materials used to construct temporary concrete
washout facilities shall become the property of the Contractor, shall be
removed from the site of the work, and shall be disposed of outside the
highway right-of-way in conformance with the provisions in Section 7-1.13
of the Standard Specifications.
• • Holes, depressions or other ground disturbance caused by the removal of the
temporary concrete washout facilities shall be backfilled and repaired in
conformance with the provisions in Section 15-1.02, "Preservation of
Property," of the Standard Specifications.
• • The Contractor's Water Pollution Control Manager (WPCM) shall monitor
on site concrete waste storage and disposal procedures at least weekly.
• • The WPCM shall monitor concrete working tasks, such as saw cutting,
coring, grinding and grooving at least weekly to ensure proper methods are
employed.
• • Temporary concrete washout facilities shall be maintained to provide
adequate holdiilg capacity with a minimum freeboard of 100mm for above
grade facilities and 300mm for below gracle facilities. Maintaining
temporary concrete washout facilities shall include removing and disposing
of hardened concret~ and returning the facilities to a functional condition.
Hardened concrete materials shall be removed and disposed of in
conformance with the provisions in Section 15-3.02, "Removal Methods,"
of the Standard Specific~tions.
• • Existing facilities must be cleaned, or new facilities must be constructed and
ready for use once the washout is 75% full.
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Sanitary/Septic Waste Management
-B
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and Procedures and practice& to minimize or eliminate the discharge of construction
Purpose site sanitary/septic waste materials to the storm drain system or to watercourses.
Appropriate Sanitary/septic waste management practices are implemented on all construction
Applications sites that use temporary or portable sanitary/septic waste systems.
Limitations Not applicable.
Standards and Education
Specifications • • Educate employees, subcontractors, and suppliers on sanitary/septic waste
storage and disposal procedures.
• • '.Educate employees, subcontractors, and suppliers of potential dangers to
humans and the environment from sanitary/septic wastes.
• • Instruct employees, subcon.tractors, and suppliers in identification of
sanitary/septic waste.
• • Hold regular meetings to discuss and reinforce disposal procedures
(incorporate into regular safety meetings).
• • Establish a continuing education program to indoctrinate new employees.
Storage and Disposal Procedures
• • Temporary sanitary facilities shall be located away from drainage facilities,
watercourses, and from traffic circulation. When subjected to high winds or
risk of high winds, as determined by the Resident Engineer (RE), temporary
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Sanitary/Septic Waste Management
Maintenance and
Inspection
sanitary facilities shall be secured to prevent overturning.
• • Wastewater shallnot be discharged or buried within the highway
right-of-way.
• • Sanitary and septic systems that discharge directly into sanitary sewer
systems, where permissible, shall comply with the local health agency, city,
county, and sewer district requirements.
• • If using an on site disposal system, such as a septic system, comply with
local health agency requirements.
• • Properly connect temporary sanitary facilities that discharge to the sanitary
sewer system to avoid illicit discharges.
• • Ensure that sanitary/septic facilities are maintained in good working order
by a licensed service.
• • Use only reputable, licensed sanitary/septic waste haulers.
• • The Contractor's Water Pollution Control Manager (WPCM) shall monitor
on site sanitary/septic waste storage and disposal procedures at least
weekly.
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November 2000
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Liquid Waste Management -------------------------------~M-1~
BMP Objectives
• Soil Stabilization
• Sediment Control
• Tracking Control
• Wind Erosion Control
• Non-Storm Water Management
• Materials and Waste Management
Definition and Procedures and practices to prevent discharge of pollutants to the storm drain
Purpose system or to watercourses as a result of the creation, collection, and disposal of
non-hazardous liquid wastes.
Appropriate Liquid waste management is applicable to construction projects that generate any
Applications of the following non-hazardous byproducts, residuals, or wastes, such as:
Limitations
• • Drilling slurries and drilling fluids
• • Grease-free and oil-free wastewater and rinse water
• • Dredgings
• • Other non-storm water liquid discharges not permitted by separate permits.
• • Disposal of some liquid wastes may be subject to specific laws and
regulations, or to requirements of other permits secured for the construction
project (e.g., National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System [NPDES]
permits, Army Corps permits, Coastal Commission permits, etc.).
• • Does not applyto dewatering operations (see BMP NS-2 Dewatering
Operations"), solid waste management (see BMP WM-5, "Solid Waste
Management"), hazardous wastes (see BMP WM-6, "Hazardous Waste
Management"), or concrete slurry residue (see BMP WM-8, "Concrete
Waste Management").
• • Does not apply to non-stormwater discharges permitted by any NPDES
permit held by the pertinent Caltrans District, unless the discharge is
determined by Caltrans to be a source of pollutants. Typical permitted non-
stormwater discharges can include: water line flushing; landscape irrigation;
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Liquid Waste Management -------------------------------lwM-1~
diverted stream flows; rising ground waters; uncontaminated pumped
ground water; discharges from potable water sources; foundation drains;
irrigation water; springs; water from crawl space pumps; footing drains;
lawn watering; flows from riparian habitats and wetlands; and, discharges
or flows from emergency fire fighting activities.
Standards and General Practices
Specifications • • The Contractor's Water Pollution Control Manager (WPCM) shall oversee
and enforce proper liquid waste management procedures and practices.
• • Instruct employees and subcontractors how to safely differentiate between
non-hazardous liquid waste and potential or known hazardous liquid waste.
• • Instruct employees, subcontractors, and suppliers that it is unacceptable for
any liquid waste to enter any storm drainage device, waterway, or receiving
water.
• • Educate employees and subcontractors on liquid waste generating activities,
and liquid waste storage and disposal procedures.
• • Hold regular meetings to discuss and reinforce disposal procedures
(incorporate into regular safety meetings).
• • Verify which non-stormwater discharges are permitted by the Caltrans
Statewide NPDES permit; different regions might have different
requirements not outlined in this permit. Some listed discharges may be
prohibited if Caltrans determines the discharge to be a source of pollutants.
• • Apply the "Vehicle and Equipment Cleaning" best management practice
(BMJ,>) for managing wash water and rinse water from vehicle and
equipment cleaning operations.
Containing Liquid Wastes
• • Drilling resique and drilling fluids shall' not be allowed to enter storm drains
and watercourses and shall be disposed of outside the highway right-of-way
in conformance with the provisions in Section 7-1.13 of the Standard
Specifications.
• • If an appropriate location is available, as determined by the Resident
Engineer (RE), drilUng residue and drilling fluids that are exempt under
CCR T23 • !511 (g) may be dried by infiltration and evaporation in a
containment facility constructed in conformance with the provisions
concerning the Temporary Concrete Washout Facilities detailed in BMP
WM-08, "Concrete Waste Management"
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Liquid Waste Management -------------------------------!wM-101
• • Liquid wastes generated as part of an operational procedure, such as water-
laden dredged material and drilling mud, shall be contained and not allowed
to flow into drainage channels or receiving waters prior to treatment.
• • Contain liquid wastes in a controlled area, such as a holding pit, sediment
basin, roll-offbin, or portable tank.
• • Containment devices must be structurally sound and leak free.
• • Containment devices must be of sufficient quantity or volume to completely
contain the liquid wastes generated.
• • Take precautions to avoid spills or accidental releases of contained liquid
wastes. Apply the education measures and spill response procedures
outlined in BMP WM-4, "Spill Prevention and Control".
• • Do not locate contai.mnent areas or devices where accidental release of the
contained liquid can threaten health or safety, or discharge to water bodies,
channels, or storm drains.
Capturing Liquid Wastes
• • Capture all liquid wastes running off a surface which has the potential to
affect the storm drainage system, such as wash water and rinse water from
cleaning walls or pavement.
• • Do notallow liquid wastes to fl.ow or discharge uncontrolled. Use
temporary dikes or berms to intercept flows and direct them to a
containment area or device for capture.
• • If the liquid waste is sediment laden, use a sediment trap (see BMP SC-3,
"Sediment Trap") fqr capturing and treating the liquid waste stream, or
capture in a containment device and allow sediment to settle.
Disposing of Liquid Wastes
• • Typical method is to dewater the contained liquid waste, using procedures
such as described in BMP NS-2, "Dewatering Operations", and BMP SC-2,
"Desilting Basin"; and dispose ofresulting solids per BMP WM-5, "Solid
Waste Manageme:t;1.t", or per Standard Specifications Section 7-1.13,
"Disposal of Material Outside the Highway Right-of-Way", for off-site
di~posal.
• • Method of disposal for some liquid wastes may be prescribed in Water
Quality Reports, NPDES permits, Environmental Impact Reports, 401 or
404 permits, local agency discharge permits, etc., and may be defined
elsewhere in the Special Provisions.
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Liquid Waste Management -------------------------------~M-1~
Maintenance and
Inspection
• • Liquid wastes, such as from dredged material, may require testing and
certification whether it is .hazardous or not before a disposal method can be
determined.
• • For disposal of hazardous waste, see BMP WM-6, "Hazardous Waste
Management".
• • If necessary, further treat liquid wastes prior to disposal. Treatment may
include, though is not limited to, sedimentation, filtration, and chemical
neutralization.
• • Spot check employees and subcontractors at least monthly throughout the
job to ensure appropriate practices are being employed.
• • Remove deposited solids in containment areas and capturing devices as
needed, and at the completi'on of the task. Dispose of any solids as
described in BMP WM-5, "Solid Waste Management".
• • Inspect containment areas and capturing devices frequently for damage, and
repair as needed.
Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks
Construction Site Best Management Practices Manual
November 2000
Liquid Waste Management WM-10
4of4
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I ATTACHMENT-5
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BMP: . BIOFILTERS
DESCRIPTION
Biofiltm are of two types: swale and strip. A swale is a vegetaredcbamel that ttcats
coacentrated flow. A strip trealS sheet tlow and is placed parallel to the contributing
surface.
EXPERIENCE IN CALIFORNIA
No;biofilfell specifically designed to ueat sronn water bave been l~d. However,
instmc:es of "'biofilter by happenstance" exist in northern communities (Davis, Saaameoto,
Turloclc, Fresno) where storm water is discharged to a grassed area prior to an inlet or an
infiltralion area.
SELECOON CRD'ERIA
• Comparable performance to wet ponds and constructed wetlands.
• Limited to aeadng a few acres.
• Availability of water during dry season.
LIMITATIONS
• Poor perfonnancc bas occurred but this apPQ!S to be due to poor-design.
• May be limited to areas where summer irrigation is feasible.
• Can be dU'ficult to mainwn sbeel flow in strips.
• Can be difficult to avoid cballnelizatioo in swales.
• Cannot be placed on steep slope.
• Area required may make infeuible on industrial sir.es.
• Proper JJLBintenance required to maintain health and density of vegetation.
DESIGN AND SIZING CONSIDERATIONS
• The surface area is defined by Figure 4A.
• The minimum width for a swale is determined by Mannings Equation.
• Minimum length of a strip is 10 feet.
• The longimdinal slope mp,st not exceed 5%.
• Use a flow spreader and energy dissipator at the entrance of a swale.
• Good soils are important to achieve good vegetation cover.
CONSTRUCTIONIINSPECOON CONSIDERATIONS
• Make sure soils are suitable for healthy vegetation.
• Level cross-section and even longirudinal slope for swales.
• Achieve sheet flow with strips.
Industrial Handbook 5-33
Considerations
Aathetb
Hydraulic Had
Environmental Side
EHecta
Targeted Constituents • Sediment
Q Nutrienta
Q Heavy Metals
Q Toxic Materials
Q Floatable Materials
Q Oxygen Dermnd-
Ing Substant:e8
Q 0/l&Gre.-e
0 Bacteria & Virusu • Uk:.ttoHav• Sign Bcant Impact
0 Probable Low or
Unknown Impact
Implementation
Requirements
Q Capital Costs
Q O&MCosts
Q Maintenance
0 Training
• High O Low
TC4
March, 1993
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Additional Information -Biofitters
A biof.tltcr swale is a vegetated c:baanel lb.at looks similar to, but is wider than, a ditch that is sized only ID traospon
flow. 'Ibe biofdta' swale must be wider to maintain low flow velocities and ro keep the depth of the water below the
height of the vegeration up to a particular design evenL A falt.er strip is placed along the edge of tbc pavement (its full
length if possible). The pavement grade must be such as to achieve sheet flow to the maximum extent practical along
tbe·slrip.
Vegetated biofilters will likely see Umited application in induslrial settings. Strips arc most suirable for parldng lots
which under this general pennit do not n:quue consideration unless they drain to a drainage system that also n:ceives
flows from the indusaial activities of concern. Within the iodusmal site itself conditions are usually not suitable for
localing a grassy area next to a paved a.ea. Typically, the mduslrial area is paved to the property line. If the stonn
war.er passes tbrough a ditch prior ID leaving the site it may be possible to widen the ditch into a swale.
The performance ofbiofilters is probably somewhat less than wet ponds and constructed wetlands because the latter
PJO'Yide trealJDeDl both during and betw=n storms. Some rescarcbels have observed poor pelformance, n:commending
their use ooly in combinadon with Olber ttealm.ent conttol BMPs. However, most field n:scarcb on swaJe performance
bas been-conduc:ted on grassed roadside di~. A swaJe must be wider than a traditional roadside ditch, to avoid
excessive now velocities which topples the. grass and causes channelization.
The swale botlDm must be as level as possible; energy dissipation and a flow spreader should be placed at the entrance
to minimize cbanneli7.adon. The pavement.must be as level as possible along its boundary with a biofilrer strip. The
pavement edge should be left clear; tbat is. no curbs. Parking stall blocks must be open to pass the flow as unhindered
as pouibJe. Use of curb cuts in curbs is not a satisfactory approach. The cu~ cbanneliz.c tbc water and can clog with
debris. The performance of strips.may be compromised by tbe failun: to achieve sheet flow at the interface between
the paved area and me strip.
Turf pus is the prefaml vegetation. Figure 4B shows recommendations for seven species of turf grass and one
ground cover plant fol' various ~ of California (Y01mgner, et al., 1962). Mon: recent information in this regard is
also shown in Figure 4C (CCAE, 1984). Turf grass will req\lirr! 51nnmer irrigation to remain active. Although it bas
not been lried it may be possible to allow the pus to become dormant during tbe summer since the biof.tlter is only in
service during the wet season. The biofilter toUld be irrigated beginoing in October ID bring it to a healthy condition
prior to the filst storms. Ground cover sped.es suitable for a non-inigation situation may work but, it also has not been
tried. The soil must be of a fertility and porosity that allows for bealtby vegetation. A porous soil also promotes
intlllratioa. See the n:ferences that follow for Agricultural :Extensive publications on efficient water use by turf
grasses.
if erosion of the swale is of concern because of tbe difficulty of maintaining a good grass cover, consider the use of
concn:t.c grids (see Infillration Systems) or similar material. Another concept is to use check dams to divide the swale
into a series of tenaces, reducing the longitudinal slope to perhaps 19&, thereby reducing flow velocities.
l2wn
Several methods bave been proposed to size biofalters ·(Homer. 1988; FHW A. 1989; IEP, 1991~ Tollner, et al., 1976).
However, information on the relationship between biofilter area and performance is lacking for urban conditions.
Figure 4A uses tbe method of Homer (1988) with tbe 2-year storm as !be design event, a slope of 3%, and a grass
beight of 4 inches. A biofilrer is sized to treat all storms up to a particular design event The design event can be
relatively small because the aggregate of all small events represents the majority of pollutant runoff. Research in
western Washington (Metro, 1992) found that a biofilter si7.ed according to this ~hnique removed 80 percent of tbe
suspended solids and attached pollutants and 50% of the soluble zinc. It was not able to remove dissolved phosphorus
or copper.
TC4
Industrial Handbook 5 • 34 March, 1993
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Additional Information -e1or.1ters
Figure 4A is meant for guidance only and should be used with cautioo in areas where precipitation varies greatly
because of tmain.
1be design engineer must determine the width of a swale using Mantling's Equation and the 2-year rainfall intensity
(California, 1976) appropriate to the site. An "n" of 0.20 is recommended (Metro, 1992). The design engineer must also
calculate the peak fl.ow of the 100-year ev!:llt to detemline the depth of a swale. Since a width using an .. n .. of 0.20 is
·gene1'8lly wider than wbat is n:quired of a grass lined channel, channel stability should.not be of concern. It is generally
not necessary to have a bypass for the extreme events because the ll)inimum width specification combined with the
relatively gentle slopcuvoids excessive velocities. If erosipn at extreme events is of concern. consider the above
concepts to minimize erosion.
nae design engineer can make the swale wider than determined intbe above step. with a corresponding shortening of the
swale length to obtain tbe same surface area. However, there is a practical limitation on how wide the swale can be and
still be able to spread tbe flow aatJSS the swale width. Splitting the flow into multiple inlets and/or placing a flow
spreader near the stonD inlet sbould be incorporated inro the design. A concept that may work is to place a level 2"x ,
12• timber aaoss the widdl of die swale perhaps 10 feet from die pipe oudet. Place gravel between the outlet and the
timber, to within 2 inches or so of the top of the timber. Pl!ICe large rock ~diately near the outlet to dissipate the
flow energy; the rock also may help distribute the flow. Toe tjinber will function like a weir. Flow spreaders have seen
lilnited application and tbeir effect on performance bas not been evaluated.
The problem of spreading the flow across the width of the swale may limit its use to tributary catchments of only a few
acres. The minimum width based on using Manning's Equation results in widths of 3 to 12 feet per aae of impervious
tributary surface, depending on the location and Jongirudinal slope.
A ~um length of 10 feet is recommended for biofilter strips. Length here is defined u the measurement in the
dili:cdon of flow from Ille adjoining ,pavement. Lengths of 20 to 50 feet have been recommended by most practitioners
perhaps because of the concern that sheet flow cannot be maintained. Wherever room permits a length greater than 10
feet should be used. The short length is recommended it\ this handbook because space is at a premimn at most existing
, indusbial sites: 10 feet should work satisfactory if good sheet flow. is maintained and no obstructions such as curbs arc
'placed along the pavement edge.
The type of strip disCU$Sed here is not to be ~nfused with the naturai vegetated buffer strip used in residential develop-
ments to separate the housing from a stream or wetland. As the later type follows the natural contour flow
channelization is more likely and lengths of 75 ro 150 feet are n::commended.
'Ibe length of pavement prior ID the strip should not exceed a few hundred feet to avoid channelization of large aggre-
, gates of runoff along tbe pavement before it reaches the pavement edge. To avoid channeliution, care must be taken
during consll'Uction ro make sure that the cross-section of the biofilter is level and that its longibJdinaJ slope is even.
Channelization will reduce,the effective area of the biofilter used fpr treabllent and may erode the grass because of
excessive velocities.
Maintenance
The facility should be checked annually for signs of erosion, vegetatio~ loss. and channeliution of the flow. The grass
should be mowed when it reaches a height of 6 inches. Allowing the grass ro grow railer may cause it to thin and
become less effective. The clippings should be n::moved.
TC4
Industrial Handbook S • 35 March, 1993
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Additional Information -Biofitters
REFERENCES
California (Stat.e oO, 1976, "Rainfall Analysis for Drainage De&ign, Volmne 3, Intensity-Duration-Frequency Curves .. ,
Bulletin No. 19S, Department of Watt:t Resources.
California Coopcralive Agricultural Ext.ension (CCAE), 1984, "Selecting the Best Turf Gms", Leaflet 2589.
CCAE, 1985, '"Turfgrass Water Conservation", Bulletin 21405.
CCAE, 1991, .. Effluent Wau:r for Turfgr.m Irrigat,ion'\ Bulletin 21500.
Fc:denl Highway Administration (FHW A), 1989, '"Retention. Det.ention, and Overland Aow for Pollutant Removal of
Highway Stormwat.er Runoff (Draft)", Report No. FHWA/RD-891203.
· HmQCr, R.R., 1988, .. Bioftltmtion SysteJDS for Storm Runoff Water Quality Control", Washington Starc Deparanent of
Ecology.
IEP, 1991, "Vegeratecl Buffer Slrip Designation Method Guidance Manual", Narragansett Bay ProjecL
Lager,J.A., W.G. Smith, and G. Tcbobanoglous, 1977, "Catcllbasin Technology Overview and
A§essment'", USEPA 600/2-77-051.
Meuopolitan Washington Council of Govemmen~ (MWCOG), March, 1992, "A Current Assessment of Urban Best
Mana&ement Practices: Techniques for Reducing Nonpoint Source Pollution in tbe Coastal Zone".
Municipality ofMe~politan Seattle, (Metro), 1992, "Pollutant Removal Effectiveness of a Designed Grassy Swale in
Mountlake Terrace, Washington (Draft)".
Sacramento County Cooperative Agriculllll'al Extension, "Watl!r Efficient Landscape Plants" by Pamela S. Bone,
Environmental Horticultural Notes.
Tollner, E.W., and BJ. Barfield, 1976. .. Suspended Sediment F'dtration Capacity of Simulated
Vegetation", TI31ls. American Society of Agricultural ~ngincers, 19, 678.
Youngner, v;B,, J.H. MadisOI!, M.H. Kimball. and W.B. Davis, 1962, "Oimatic Z.ones for Turf grass in California",
California Agriculture, 16 (7), 2.
TC4
Industrial Handbook 5 -36 March, 1993
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ATTACHMENT 6
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L)UllLll;;I;; J. l;;\.,llllVlV~ll;;;:) -vUlU J.lllCL J..Ja;:)1\.l;;L -J.'Vl J.>lVll, J.LJlVJ.L, l'lr LJD.:>, WclLClMlCU _l.)VllULlUll llllll:1l1Ullrl:1gc 1 Ul l
Page 1
Pages: 1,~,3,i,~,~' 7
E-Mail~
Suntree ~
Curb Inlet Basket
Patented
A stormwater filtration system for Curb Inlets
where access to the catchbasin is through a
manhole.
Capmres Everything From
Litter, Folia.ge, Sediment, To
Hydrocarbons ... Everything!
•Fits any catchbasin ,
• No need to enter the catchbasin to service.
•No need to enter or lay in the street to service.
• Filtration screens of djfferent si.eve sir.es can be
utili:t.ed to optimi,. efdtration and water flaw.
~ For more ~formation on
Wili Not Impede
The Water Flow
Into The Inlet
_ ........... ~........,,..,,-.. Curb Inlet Baskets, click on
E-Mail [ Hmlle I the Next Page button or the ~ I Home ] Suntree . Page specific page links below. ~ Page
Curb Inlet Basket Pages:
1,2,3,4,5,6, 7 ------
http://www.suntreetech.com/curb _jnlet_ basket I/index.html 1/15/2003
.., .... u .... ..,.., ... ..,..,u.uu1.vt5.11;,.:, -~U1u 1lllt:L nasKe1 -rage L.
I Page2
B-Mail
Suntree
Curb Inlet Basket
Patented
Coarse Screen
-------Up High For
Page 1 of 1
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Storm Boom For
Collecting
Hydrocarbons Foliage and Litter
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Fine Screen In
Back and Bottom
For Collecting
Sediment
Built Strong
To Last/ Durable
Fiberglass Body
~ For more information on ~ Curb Inlet Baskets, click on
-B-------H,..........ml---. --, HOllle I the Next Page buttou or the
Suntree · P11ge specific page links below.
Curb Inlet Basket Pages: 1,2,~,i,§,~,Z
I http://www.suntreetech.com/curb _inlet_ basket l/page2.html 1/15/2003
.,umree 1 ecnno1og1es -Lllit> inlet .tlasket -Page 3
Page3 .
Page 1 of2
Curb J1ilet Basket
No Need To Enter
The Confined Space
Of The Catchbasin
To Service
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To Service:
Heavy and Expensive
Equipment ls Not
Required To Do
Service Work
Multi-stage Filtration Captures
Everything From Hydrocarbons, To
Sediment, To Grass Clippings, To
· Litter ... Everything !
I http://www.suntreetech.com/curb _ inlet_ basketl/page3 .html
• Remove the manhole lid
• Reach in with by hand or with a
manhole hook and remove the
basket
• Empty the contents of the basket
and replace the Storm Boom
• Replace the basket and manhole lid
Once The Basket Is
Remo-ved From The
Catchbasin It Can Be
Easi'ly Emptied.
1/15/2003
.t'age 1 or L
I Page4
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Pages:.:!_,~1 ~1 4,5,6,?__
B-Mail
Suntne ~ ~
Curb Inlet Basket (CIB)
FuncUonal Description
(!)Stormwater runoff carrying debris
and pollutants enters curb inlet.
@Adjustable throat width funnels water
to weir. The immediate drop in the
throat elevation prevents head losses
through the inlet. Sediment will
collect along the incoming side of the
weir.
@water flows over weit and into
removable basket, filtering trash,
leaves, yard clippings, sediment,
etc.. If desired, a hydrocarbon
absorption boom can be fitted along
the incoming edge of the basket.
@Cleaner water leaves basket and
enters catchbasin, then flows down
stream. The position of the CIB,
high in the catch basin, avoids any
restriction of up-stream pipes
flowing th~ough the catchb asin.
the CIB telescopes to change size so that it can fit almost any catchbasin. In
addition, CIBs that fit a round catchbasin are also available.
For more information on
· http:/ /www.suntreetech.com/curb _ inlet_ basketl/page4.html 1/15/2003
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.:)Ullln;:t: .l t:~UUU1Ug1t:s -\..,Ul"U .llllt:L Di:I.SK.t:L -ragt: J
Page5
Pages:!,2,3,4,5,~, 7
ragt: 1 01 L.
:-..= ~ Teclus;,o~~ In'!. [ i;•s] [ ::! ]
Curb Inlet Basket (CIB)
Installation
Square Catchbasin:
For installation into a square catchbasin,
there is a left half and a right half that
telescope together to adjust for size, which
make up the main body of the CIB and
mounts solid to the catchbasin wall with
either drive pins or Tap-Con~. The non-
removable portion consists of a tray area that
directs the flow toward the weir, and a weir
that channels the flow into the removable
basket. The basket is placed on last, and is
simply dropped m place and hangs from the
top of the weir.
[c':::.}
-B---~-ail-.-[ Home j
,~un~I! P11ge
.. Round Catchbasin:
To install the CIB into a round catchbasin
there are 3 main pieces; the weir, which
attaches to the catch basin wall, the tray
· which attaches to the catchbasin wall and
weir, and the removable basket. The weir
and tray attach to the catchbasin wall with
either Tap-Cons or drive pins. The basket is
placed on last, and is just dropped in place
and hangs from the top of the weir.
For more information on
Curb Inlet Baskets, click on
the Next Page buttop or the
specific page links below.
Curb Inlet Basket Pages:
1,2,3,4,5,6, 7
I http://www.suntreetech.com/curb _inlet_ basketl/page5 .html 1/15/2003