HomeMy WebLinkAboutCT 06-16; CARLSBAD BOAT CLUB AND RESORT; A PHASE I ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE CARLSBAD BOAT CLUB PROJECT; 2007-03-06A PHASE I ARCHAEOLOGICAL
ASSESSMENT OF THE
CARLSBAD BOAT CLUB PROJECT
CITY OF CARLSBAD
APN 206-200-06
Submitted to:
City of Carlsbad
Piaimiiig Department
1635 Faraday Avenue
Carlsbad, California 92008
received
mar 2 0 2007
CITY OF CARLSBAD
planning DEPT
Preparedfor:
VJ.P. Partners
1861 South View Drive
Carlsbad, California 92008
Prepared by:
Brian F. Smith and Associates
14010 Poway Road, Suite A
Poway, California 92064
(858) 484-0915
March 6,2007
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
National Archaeological Data Base Information
Authors:
Consulting Firm:
Report Date:
Report Title:
Preparedfor:
Submitted to:
Submitted by:
USGS Qiutdrangle
Study Area
Key Words
Richard Greene
Brian F. Smith and Associates
14010 Poway Road, Suite A
Poway, California 92064
(858) 484-0915
March 6, 2007
Phase I Archaeological Assessment of the Carlsbad Boat Qub
Project
V. I. P. Partners
1861 Soutii View Drive
Carlsbad, California 92008
City of Carlsbad
Hanning Department
1635 Faraday Avenue
Carlsbad, California 92008
Brian F. Smith and Associates
14010 Poway Road, Suite A
Poway, California 92064
(858) 484-0915
San Luis Rey, California (7.5 minute)
1.02 acres
Archaeological assessment of 1.02 acres; APN 206-200-06;
USGS San Luis Rey Quadrangle (7.5 minute); Agua Hedionda
Lagoon; negative survey; recommend monitoring.
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
Table of Contents
Page
1.0 Management Summary/Abstract 1.0-1
2.0 Introduction 2.0-1
3.0 Project Setting 3.0-1
3.1 Environmental Setting 3.0-1
3.1.1 Geology 3.0-1
3.1.2 Soils 3.0-2
3.1.3 Biology 3.0-2
3.2 Cultural Setting 3.0-2
4.0 Methodology 4.0-1
4.1 Institutional Records Search 4.0-1
4.2 Field Methodology 4.0-1
4.3 Native American Consultation 4.0-1
5.0 Results 5.0-1
5.1 Archaeological Records Search 5.0-1
5.2 Field Investigations 5.0-6
6.0 Management Considerations/Recommendations 6.0-1
6.1 Statement of ^ects 6.0-1
6.2 Recommendations 6.0-1
7.0 Personnel 7.0-1
8.0 Certification 8.0-1
9.0 References Qted 9.0-1
Appendix I — Archaeological Records Search*
Appendix II — Sacred Lands File Search Results*
Apj>endix DJ — Cultural Resource Location Map*
*Coi\fldential Appendix; bound separately
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
List of Figures
Page
Figure 2.0-1 General Location Map 2.0-2
Figure 2.0-2 Project Location Map (USGS quadrangle) 2.0-3
Figure 5.0-1 Cultural Resource Location Map* 5.G-3
List of Tables
Table 5.0-1 Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites 5.0-4
Table 5.0-2 Previously Conducted Archaeological Investigations 5.0-5
List of Plates
Hate 5.0-1 Central portion of the project, facing northwest 5.0-7
Hate 5.0-2 Project overview, facing north 5.0-7
List of Abbreviations
AMSL Above Mean Sea Level
BFSA Brian F. Smith and Associates
CEQA California Environmental Quality Act
SCIC South Coastal Information Center
SDSU San Diego State University
SHPO State Historic Preservation Office
USGS United States Geologic Survey
YBP Years before present
The Carlsbad Boat Cbib Project
1.0 MANAGEMENT SUMMARY/ARSTRACT
In response to a request from V.I.P. Partners, Brian F. Smith and Associates (BFSA)
conducted a Phase I archaeological assessment of the Carlsbad Boat Club Project located in
western Carlsbad in northern San Diego County, California. The assessment was conducted as
part of the environmental clearance required for the development of the subject property (APN
206-200-06). The evaluation program was conducted in accordance with CEQA Section
15064.5, and the City of Carlsbad guidelines to determine the presence of any archaeological or
historical cultural resources that would be affected by the proposed project and whether these
resources meet the eligibility requirements for the California Register of Historic Places
(California Register).
Record searches were requested from the South Coastal Information Center (SQC) to
identify previously discovered archaeological sites in the project area, and a Sacred Lands Rle
search was requested from the Native American Heritage Commission (NAHQ to list potentially
sacred or ceremonial sites or landforms on or near the project The record searches were
negative for the presence of cultural resources within the project boundaries; however. Site SDI-
13,701 is located adjacent to the subject property to the west
BFSA field archaeologists conducted the archaeological survey of the project on
February 22, 2007, under the direction of Brian F. Smith, Principal Investigator. The property
has been previously developed for two structures and their associated driveways. As a result the
landform and soil has been impacted by previous grading and terracing. No prehistoric cultural
resources were identified during the survey, although visibility was limited over much of the
project corridor due to pavement covering most of the soil siuface. Shellfish remains were noted
on the shoreline of the Agua Hedionda Lagoon, which borders the property to the south. The
shellfish remains are part of a thin veneer of shell that encircles the entire lagoon along the
shoreline, which is attributed to natural processes. The shellfish remains do not represent the
presence of a cultiual resource, specifically SDI-13,701, located just west of the property. Two
structures were identified within the subject property. Both structures are less than 45 years in
age and did not appear to be historically or architecturally significant
Since neither the records searches nor the field smvey produced any evidence of
archaeological sites or culturally sensitive areas on the subject property, the proposed project will
apparently not disturb any cultural resources. Additionally, it does not appear that the Site SDI-
13,701 will be directly impacted by the proposed project No additional archaeological studies
or site assessments are recommended prior to project approval; however, due to the diminished
ground visibility encountered during die survey of the previously developed property, and the
close proximity of Site SDI-13,701, there remains a possibility that cultural resources may be
encountered during earth disturbing activities (subsurface artifacts and features possibly
associated with SDI-13,701 may have been inadvertently capped when the current structures and
1.0-1
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
driveways were first constructed). Therefore, archaeological monitoring is recommended during*'
clearing, demolition of the structures, and all earth-disturbing activitieis. Any resources
identified during construction activities should be assessed for significance and treated In
accordance with CEQA and the City of Carlsbad guidelines.
A copy of this report will be permanently filed with the SCIC at SDSU, San Diego,
California. All notes and other materials related to this project will be curated at the
archaeological laboratory of BFSA in Poway, California.
1.0-2
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
2.0 INTRODUCTION
The project is located at 4509 Adams Street, in the northwestern area of the City of
Carlsbad in northern San Diego County, California, east of Interstate 5, along the north edge (rf
Agua Hedionda Lagoon (Figure 2.0-1). Specifically, the project is located in an imsectioned
portion of the 7.5-minute USGS San Luis Rey, California topographic quadrangle map,
Township 11 South, Range 4 West (Rgure 2.0-2). The project, as proposed by the applicant,
plans for the development of a structure containing 26 time-share units. The archaeological
assessment of the 1.02-acre property was performed February 22, 2007. The scope of work for
this project included records searches and a surface inspection of the subject property in
accordance with CEQA Section 15064.5, and the Qty of Carlsbad guidelines. The field survey
was conducted by field archaeologists Charies Callahan, Brad Comeau, and Ryan Robinson,
under the direction of Brian F. Smith, Principal Investigator.
2.0-1
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The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
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The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
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2.0-3
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
3.0 PRO.TECT SE1WIlC
The project setting includes the natural physical, geological, and biological context of the
proposed project, as well as the cultural setting of prehistoric and historic human activities in the
general area. The following sections discuss both the environmental and cultural settings at the
subject property.
3.1 Environmental Setting
3.1.1 Geology
The Carlsbad Boat Qub Project is located on the north shore of Agua Hedionda area in
southern Carlsbad in the Coastal Hains Riysiographic Province of San Diego County.
Elevations range from approximately zero to 60 feet above mean sea level (AMSL). San Diego
County lies in the Peninsular Range Geologic Province of southern California. The mountainous
zone, which extends from northwest to southeast through the county, ranges to a maximum
height of 6,533 AMSL (Beauchamp 1986). Foothills and valleys, which compose the
cismontane region, extend west from the mountains. This region typically receives more rainfall
than the mesas and less than the mountainous region. Between the foothills and the coast lies the
coastal mesa region, which is cut by several large drainages originating in the moimtains and
foothills. The coast is characterized by large bays and lagoons, where the major rivers empty
into the sea, and mesas, which terminate at the ocean in the form of Huffs (Beauchamp 1986).
Diuing the Late Holocene, the eastern extent of the lagoon was most likely characterized
by shallow saltwater marsh and mud flats; however, several millennia ago, the lagoon was
considerably deeper and provided different haHtaL The lagoon was created as the sea level rose
rapidly following the last glacial sequence, filling a deep canyon cut by Hedionda Creek during a
long period of lower sea levels. The deeply entrenched lagoon provided a variety of marine food
resources (e.g., moUuscs, crustaceans, and fishes) used in the subsistence routine of Eariy and
Middle Holocene La Jolla Complex peoples. Evidence from Batiquitos Lagoon, south of Agua
Hedionda, indicates that at approximately 3300 years before present (YBP), a rapid, cataclysmic
sedimentation event occurred that closed the lagoon off to die coast and significantly altered the
lagoon environment (Gallegos 1992; Masters et al. 1988; Miller 1966). The event was followed
by a stabilization of sea levels and then development of sand bars, sand flats, and mud fiats
within the lagoons along die central San Diego County coast The sedimentation process
resulted in the decline of mollusc populations, particularly Pectinids, which greatiy reduced
human activity in the area. Decline in occupancy of the Batiquitos Lagoon area following the
siltation event is evidenced by the paucity of sites postdating 3300 YBP (Gallegos 1987).
3.0-1
The Carlsbad Boat Cbib Project
3.12 Soils
Soils in the area fall within the Marina-Chesterton Association, characterized by
somewhat excessively drained to moderately well drained, loamy, coarse sands and fine sandy
loams (Bowman et al. 1973). Soil within the project area is the Marina loamy coarse sand
(MIE) foimd on moderate to heavy slopes and formed from feruginous eolian sand (Bowman et
al. 1973: Sheet 22, pp. 65); the soil is characterized as moderately to heavily eroded,
3.1.3 Biology
The current taological setting of the project area is characterized by introduced
landscaping trees and plants consisting of palm trees, mixed conifers, and flowering plants
located alongside and behind the main residence. The remainder of the property has been
graded, paved, and developed fw a second stmcture located just behind the main residence; no
vegetation is located in the southern half of the project The prehistoric biological community
was dominated by the coastal sage scrub ecosystem, which included sage shrubs and a variety of
grasses and cacti. A diversity of faunal resources was available in the surrounding ecosystem
including deer {Odocoileus hemionus), Lepwrids (Lepus and Sylvilagus), and a variety of
waterfowl, rodents, and reptiles.
3.2 Cnltiiral Setting
Archaeological investigations in southem California have documented a diverse and rich
record of human occupation spanning the past 10,000 years. In northem San Diego and
Riverside Coimties, most researchers organize prehistory into the Paleolndian, Archaic, and Late
Prehistoric Periods and history into the Mission, Rancho, and American Settlement Periods. The
San Dieguito Complex, Millmgstone Horizon, La Jolla Complex, Pauma Complex, and San Luis
Rey Complex are archaeological manifestations that have been used to describe the Archaic and
Late Prehistoric periods in the region.
The San Dieguito Complex/Paleolndian Period is associated witii the terminus of the late
Pleistocene (12,500 to 9,000 YBP). The term "San Dieguito Complex" is a cultural distinction
used to describe a group of people that occupied sites in the region between 11300 and 7,000
YBP. Initially believed to have been big game hunters, the San Dieguito are better typified as
wide-ranging himter-gatherers. The earliest evidence of the San Dieguito Complex sites are
known fi-om San Diego County, the Colorado Desert, and furtiier nortii along die California
coast These people abandoned the drying inland lakes of the present California desert and
arrived in San Diego County circa 9,000 years before present (YBP), as documented at the
Harris Site SDI-149 (Warren 1966); Rancho Park North Site SDI-4392 (Kaldenberg 1982); and
Agua Hedionda Sites SDI-210/UCU-M-15 and SDI-10,965/SDM-W-131 (Moriarty 1967;
Gallegos and Carrico 1984; Gallegos 1991). A San Dieguito component appears to have been
3.0-2
The Carlsbad Boat Cbib Project
I
1
present in the lower strata at the Malago Cove site in Redondo Beach, Los Angeles County
(Walker 1951).
Diagnostic San Dieguito artifacts include finely crafted scraper planes, choppers,
scrapers, crescentics, elongated bifacial knives, and intricate leaf-shaped points (Rogers 1939;
Warren 1967). This tool assemblage resembles those of the Western Lithic Co-Tradition (Davis
et al. 1969) and the Western Pluvial Lakes Tradition (Bedwell 1970; Moratto 1984). Typical
San Dieguito sites lack ground stone tools. The San Dieguito Complex is the least understood of
the cultmes that occupied the southern California region. Debate continues as to whether the San
Dieguito sites are actually different activity areas of the early Encinitas Tradition peoples (Bull
1987; Gallegos 1987), or whether the San Dieguito Complex peoples had a separate origin and
culture from the Encinitas Tradition (Hayden 1987; Moriarty 1987; Smith 1987). According to
this second scenario, the San Dieguito Complex peoples may have been assimilated into the
dominant Encinitas Tradition culture (Kaldenherg 1982; Moriarty 1967). A third possibility is
that the San Dieguito Complex gave rise to the Encinitas Tradition (Koerper et al. 1991).
The Archaic Period begins with the onset of the Holocene around 9,000 YBP. The
transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene was a period of major environmental change
throughout North America (Antevs 1953; Van Devender and Spaulding 1979). In southern
California, the general climate at the beginning of the early Holocene is marked by cool/moist
periods and an increase in warm/dry periods and rising sea levels. The warming trend and rising
sea levels generally continued imtil the late Holocene. Archaeological research indicates that
southern California was occupied between 9,000 YBP and 1,300 YBP by population(s) that
utilized a wide range of both marine and terrestrial resources. A number of different
archaeological manifestations, based on geographical setting, tool kit, and/or chronology, are
recognized during the Archaic Period, including the San Dieguito, La Jolla, Encinitas,
Millingstone, and Pauma complexes. Archaic sites generally contain milling tools, especially
manos and metates, cobble and flake tools, dart projectile points and the concomitant use of the
atlatl, crescents, shell, fish bone, and animal bone representing large and small game.
Additionally, Archaic groups buried their dead as flex inhumations, a religious and cultural
practice that is distinct from the succeeding Late Prehistoric groups.
The La Jolla Complex is regionally associated with the Encinitas Tradition (Warren
1968), and shared cultural components with the widespread Milling Stone Horizon (Wallace
1955). The coastal expression of this complex, with a focus on coastal resources and
development of deeply-stratified shell middens located primarily around bays and lagoons,
appeared in the southern California coastal areas, and some of the older sites associated with this
expression are located at Topanga Canyon, Newport Bay, Agua Hedionda Lagoon, and some of
the Channel Islands. Radiocarbon dates from sites attributed to this complex span a period of
over 7,000 years in this region, beginning over 9,000 YBP.
3.0-3
The Carlsbad Boat CM) Project
The Encinitas Tradition is best recognized for its pattern of large coastal sites
characterized by shell middens, grinding tools closely associated with the marine resources of the
area, cobble-based tools, and flexed human burials (Shmnway et al. 1961; Smith and Moriarty
1985), WWle grormd stone tools and scrapers are the most recognized tool types, coastal
Encinitas Tradition sites also contain numerous utilized flakes, which may have been used to pry
open shellfish. Artifact assemblages at coastal sites indicate a subsistence pattern focused on
shellfish collection and near-shore fishing, suggesting an incipient maritime adaptation with
regional similarities to more northern sites of the same period (Koerper et al. 1986). Other
artifacts associated with Encinitas Tradition sites include stone bowls, doughnut stones,
discoidals, stone balls, and stone, bone, and shell beads.
By 5,000 YEP, an inland expression of the La Jolla Ojmplex, which exhibits influences
from the Campbell Tradition from the north, is evident in the archaeological record. These
inland Milling Stone Horizon sites have been termed "Pauma Complex" (True 1958; Warren et
al. 1961; Meighan 1954). By definition, Paiuna Complex sites share a predominance of grinding
implements (manos and metates), lack mollusc remains, have a greater tool variety (including
atlati dart points, quarry-based tools, and crescentics), and seem to express a more sedentary
lifestyle with a subsistence economy based on the use of a broad variety of terrestrial resources.
Although originally viewed as a separate culture from the coastal La Jolla Complex (True 1980),
it appears that these inland sites may be part of a subsistence and settlement system utilized by
the coastal peoples.
The Late Prehistoric period, sometimes referred to as San Luis Rey I and 11, begms
approximately 1,300 YBP. Cremation, ceramics, bow and arrow, small triangular points, the
use of Obsidian Butte obsidian, and the reliance upon the acorn as a main food staple are the
defining characteristics of the Late Prehistoric period (Chartkoff and ChartkofT 1984; Gallegos
2002, Moratto 1984). These characteristics are thought to represent the movement of
Shoshonean speaking groups into northern San Diego, Orange, Riverside, and Los Angeles
Counties. Economic systems diversified and intensified during this period with the continued
elaboration of trade networks, the use of sheU-bead currency, and the appearance of more labor-
intensive, but effective, milling technologies such as the bedrock mortar for use in acorn
processing.
The ethnographic period begins at approximately AD 1769 when the Mission San Luis
Rey was established. Ethnographic evidence indicates that the Luisefio and Cahuilla occupied
northern San Diego County. These groups were seasonal hunter-gatherers with cultural elements
that were very distinct from the Archaic Period peoples, including cremation of the dead, the use
of the bow and arrow, and use of the acorn as a main food staple (Moratto 1984). Along the
coast, the Luiseflo made use of the marine resources available by fishing and coUecting mollusks
for food. Seasonally available terrestrial resources, including acoms and game, were also
somces of nourishment for Luisefio and (Z!ahuilla groups. The elaborate kinship and clan systems
3.0-4
The Carlsbad Boca Cbtb Project
between the Luisefio and Cahuilla and other groups facilitated a wide-reaching trade network
that included trade of Obsidian Butte obsidian and other resources from the eastern deserts and
steatite from the Channel Islands. The Luisefio and Cahuilla were Takic-speaking people more
closely related linguistically and ethnographically to each other and the Gabrielino and Cupefio,
than to the Yuman speaking Kumeyaay, who occupied territory to the south.
The Luisefio occupied a territory bounded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the east
by the Peninsular Range Mountains at San Jacinto, including Palomar Mountain to the south and
Santiago Peak to the north, on Ihe south by Agua Hedionda Lagoon, and on the north by Aliso
Creek in present day San Juan Capistrano. The Luisefio differ^ from their southern neighbors
the Kumeyaay in having an extensive proliferation of social statuses, a system of ruling famihes
that provided ethnic cohesion within the territory, a distinct worldview that stemmed frxim use of
the hallucinogen datura, and an elaborate religion that included ritualized sand paintings of the
sacred being "Chingichngish" (Bean and Shipek 1978; Kroeber 1925). The Kumeyaay occupied
a territory boimded on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the east by the Sand Hills, on the north
by Agua Hedionda Lagoon, and on the soufli by Todos Santos Bay in what is now Baja
California (Luomala 1978), The current project is located within an area that borders both
Kumeyaay and Luisefio territories.
The historic period begins July 16, 1769, when the first Spanish exploring party,
commanded by Caspar de F*ortoM (with Father Jimfpero Serra in charge of religious conversion
of the native populations), arrived in San Diego to secure California for the Spanish crown
(Palou 1926). The natural attraction of the harbor at San Diego and the establishment of a
military presence in the area solidified the importance of San Diego to die Spanish colonization
of the region and the growth of the civilian population. Missions were constructed from San
Diego to as far north as San Francisco. The mission locations were based on a number of
important territorial, military, and religious considerations. Grants of land to persons who made
an application were made, but many tracts reverted to the government for lack of use. As an
extension of territorial control by the Spanish empire, each mission was placed so as to command
as much territory and as large a population as possible. While primary access to California
during the Spanish Period was by sea, the route of El Camino Real served as the land route for
transportation, conunercial, and military activities. This route was considered to be the most
direct path between the missions (Rolle 1969). As increasing nmnbers of Spanish and Mexican
people, and later Americans during the Gold Rush, settled in the area, the Native populations
diminished as they were displaced or decimated by disease (Carrico and Taylor 1983).
By 1821, Mexico had gained independence from Spain, and the northern territories were
subject to political repercussions. By 1834, all of the mission lands had been removed from the
control of the Franciscan Order, under the Acts of Secularization. Without proper maintenance,
the missions quickly began to disintegrate, and after 1836, missionaries ceased to make regular
visits inland to minister the needs of the native peoples (Engelhardt 1921). Large tracts of land
3.0-5
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
continued to be granted to per^ns who applied for them or had gained favor with the Mexican
government Grants of land were also made to settle government debts.
California was invaded by United States troops during the Mexican-American War of
1846-1848, The acquisition of strategic Pacific ports and California land was one of the
principal objectives of tiie war (Price 1967). At the time, the inhabitants of California were
practically defenseless, and they quickly surrendered to the United States Navy in July 1847
(Bancroft 1884).
The cattle ranchers of the "counties" of southern California had prospered during the
cattle boom of the early 1850s. Cattle raising soon declined, however, contributing to the
expansion of agriculture. With the passage of the "No Fence Act," San Diego's economy
changed from stock raising to farming (Rolle 1969). The act allowed for the expansion of
unfenced farms, which was crucial in an area where fencing material was practically unavailable.
Five years after its passage, most of the arable lands in San Diego County had been patented as
either ranchos or homesteads, and growing grain crops replaced the raising of cattle in many of
the county's inland valleys (Blick 1976; EUiott 1883 [1965]). By 1870, farmers had leamed to
dry farm and were coping with some of the peculiarities of San Diego County's climate (San
Diego Union, February 6, 1868; Van Dyke 1886). Between 1869 and 1871, the amount of
cultivated acreage in the county rose from less than 5,000 acres to more than 20,000 (San Diego
Union, January 2, 1872). Large-scale farming in San Diego County was limited by a lack of
water and the small size of arable valleys; also, the small urban population and poor roads
restricted commercial crop growing. Nevertheless, cattle continued to be grazed in inland San
Diego Coimty (Gordinier 1966).
During the first two decades of the twentieth century, the population of San Diego
County continued to grow. The population erf the inland county declined during the 1890s, but
between 1900 and 1910, it rose by about 70 percent The pioneering efforts were over, the
railroads had broken the relative isolation of soirthem California, and life in San Diego County
became similar to other commrmities throughout tiie west After World War I, the history of San
Diego Coimty was primarily determined by the growth of San Diego Bay. During this time
period, the history of inland San Diego Coimty was subsidiary to that of the City of San Diego,
which became a Navy center and industrial city (Heiges 1976). In inland San Diego County,
agriculture became specialized, and recreational areas were established in the mountain and
desert areas.
Rancho Agua Hedionda
Mission San Luis Rey de Franca was constructed in 1798 near present day Oceanside.
Carlsbad was part of the mission's lands until the secularization of the missions. As a result of
the secularization, mission lands were divided up and granted to prominent Mexican families by
the Mexican government (Gallegos 2005). Juan Maria Marrdn U was granted 13,211 acres in
3.0-6
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
1842, and named the land grant Rancho Agua Hedionda. The grant included present-day
Carlsbad and Carlsbad Ranch. After Juan's death in 1853, the ranch was divided up among his
family, but financial troubles eventually led to the land being sold to Francis Hinton in 1865.
Hinton then hired Robert Kelly, who later inherited the ranch from Hinton (Gallegos 2005).
When Kelly died in 1890, Ranch Agua Hedionda went to his eleven children, who
subsequently divided up the land for themselves. Some portions of the ranch were sold, and
some deeded to the Santa Fe Railroad (Gallegos 2005). During the late 1880s, drought forced
farmers in the region to implement dry farming as the primary method of agriculture. The Kelly
heirs raised livestock and dry farmed beans, com, and hay (Gallegos 2005).
3.0-7
Hie Carlsbad Boat Cbib Project
4.0 METHODOLOGY
The cultural resource study of the Carlsbad Boat Club Project consisted of records
searches and an intensive archaeological survey of the entire 1.02-acre project This study was
conducted in conformance with the City of Carlsbad guidelines and CEQA, Section 15064.5
criteria. Specific definitions for archaeological resource type(s) used in this report are those
established by the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO March, 1995). The report format
follows the Archaeological Resource Management Report (ARMR) guidelines, as required by
the City of Carlsbad. All recovered cultural materials were returned to the BFSA laboratory for
cataloging and analysis. The results of the assessment are discussed in detail in Section 5.0.
4.1 Iiistitiitioiial Records Searches
A records search was requested from the SCIC at SDSU, the results of which were
reviewed to determine if any known archaeological sites, historic structure locations, or other
cultural resources are present in or adjacent to the current project area. The complete results of
the records search are provided in Appendix 1. A search of the Sacred Lands Files of the NAHC
was also requested by BFSA, the results of which are provided in Appendix II.
4.2 Field Methodology
The archaeological survey was conducted by field archaeologists Charles Callahan, Brad
Comeau, and Ryan Robinson on February 22, 2007, under the direction of Brian F. Smith,
Principal Investigator. The survey methodology employed for the project included walking
survey transects oriented north to south and evenly spaced five meters apart across the property,
while visually inspecting the surface of the ground. All potentially sensitive areas where cultural
resources might be located were closely inspected. Surface visibility within the project area was
poor; the majority of the property has been developed for two structures and is covered by
pavement Photographs were taken to document field conditions during the reconnaissance.
4.3 Native American Coiisiiltatim
A records search of the Sacred Lands Files of the Native American Heritage Commission
was requested by BFSA (Appendix II). The record search indicated that no Native American
recorded sacred sites or landforms are located within the current project area. The analysis of
site components within the project did not indicate any Native American religious, ritual, or
other special activities at this locatioa
4.0-1
77k Carbbad Boat Club Project
5.0 RKSULTS
The current study conducted for the Carlsbad Boat Qub Project consisted of an
institutional records search and an archaeological reconnaissance survey to locate any previously
unidentified cultural resources within the current project boundaries. The following section
provides all of the pertinent field results of the archaeological assessment for the proposed
project
5.1 Archaeological Records Search
BFSA requested an archaeological records search from the SCIC at SDSU. The records
search includes site records of previously recorded cultural resources, a bibliography of previous
archaeological investigations located within die surrounding area, historical maps, and a historic
database review including mapped locations of known historic properties.
The SCIC records search revealed 25 previously recorded archaeological sites and one
isolated artifact located within a one-mile radius of die project area (Table 5.0-1). The majority
represent prehistoric resource processing and maintenance sites for marine and lithic resources.
Several of the sites were described as camp or habitation sites, which included fire-cracked rock
and groundstone implements. The project is located just east of and adjacent to Site SDI-13,701
(Rgure 5.0-1). Malcolm Rogers first recorded the site as W-130 (n.d.). He described a light
lithic scatter, moderate groundstone scatter, hearths, and a shell and charcoal-rich midden deposit
with an average depth of 12 inches below surface. Rogers also noted the shell veneer leading
down towards the lagoon (relocated during the current project) and observed that local
landowners had been active in looting. No excavations were conducted. Gallegos and
Associates revisited a small portion of Site SDl-13,701 in 1994 (Strudwick and Gallegos 1994),
a 0.4-acre parcel within Rogers' recorded site boundaries, just nortii of the Adams
Street/Highland Drive intersection. They observed several flakes, one mano fragment, and one
split-cobble core. Gallegos and Associates also surveyed and ejrtended the site boundaries
further west by identifying a level portion of the site south of Adams Street along a ridge.
Observations included an undisturbed portion of a midden containing darkened soils, several
cores, three manos, over 100 flakes, and hundreds of FAR. No excavations were conducted at
the time. This intact portion of Site SDl-13,701 is located approximately 500 feet west of the
current project area on more level terrain. In 2003, Gallegos and Associates also conducted
investigations along the Agua Hedionda shoreline, which includes tiie soiitihem boundary of the
project area. Testing of the western portion of Site SDl-13,701 determined it was not significant
(Guerrero and Gallegos 2003).
In total, 49 previously conducted archaeological investigations have taken place within a
one-mile radius of the project area. The SCIC maps indicate Kaldenberg may have conducted
work within the project area in 1976, but the SCIC data does not include a bibliographic entry.
Gallegos and Associates conducted an investigation of 1.1 acres in 1996 that included the current
5.0-1
The Carlsbad Boat Cbib Project
project area (Scroth et al. 1996). ERC Environmental conducted a project in 1989 along the
northern boundary of the current project next to Adams Avenue (Mitchell 1996). The records
search also indicates a project located along the same route and referenced to Pigniolo in 1998;
however, the bibliographic data provided references to a project located on the University of
CaUfomia, San Diego campus, located in La Jolla. Table 5.0-2 lists the previously conducted
archaeological investigations.
5.0-2
Hu Carlsbad Boat Club Project
Figore 5.0-1
Cultiiral Resource Location Map
*Cor\fldentlal; bound separately
5.0-3
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
Table 5.0-1
Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites
within a One-Mile Radius of the Project Area
Sites Site Descriptions
P-37-015370*Unknown
SDI-209 Midden, shell and lithic scatter
SDI-6134 Camp, shell and lithic scatter
SDI-6140 Midden, shell and lithic scatter
SDI-6751 Shell scatter
SDI-6830 Midden, shell and lithic scatter
SDI-6831 Midden, shell and lithic scatter
SDI-8794 Midden, shell and lithic scatter
SDI-8795 Historic wood and steel cable structure
SDI-87%Midden, shell and lithic scatter
SDI-9654 Midden, shell and lithic scatter
SDI-10,024 Midden, burial, shell and lithic scatter
SDM0,025**Midden, shell and lithic scatter
SDI-10,478 Camp, midden, shell and lithic scatter
SDI-10,671 Shell and lithic scatter
SDI-10,672 Shell and lithic scatter
SDI-10,%5 Habitation site, midden, shell and lithic scatter
SDI-13,008 Shell and lithic scatter
SDI-13,076 Shell and lithic scatter
SDI-13,089 Shell scatter
SDI-13,124 Midden, shell and lithic scatter
SDI-13,701 Habitation site, midden, lithic and shell scatter
SDI-14,335 Habitation site, lithic scatter
SDI-16,885 Shell and lithic scatter
SDI-17,078 Habitation site, shell and lithic scatter
SDI-17,411 Campsite, midden, shell and lithic scatter
*SCIC maps indicate Agua Hedionda location: however, site forms indicate Otay Mesa location.
**SCIC records indicate SDI-10,025 has three mapped locations.
5.0-4
The Carlsbad Boat Cbtb Project
Table 5.0-2
Preyioiisiy Conduct^ Archaeological Inyestigatioiis
Within, or Adjacent to the Current Project Area
Guerrero, Monica C., and Dennis R. Gallegos
2003a Cultural Resource Background Study for the North Agua Hedionda Interceptor
Sewer Maintenance Access Road Project City of Carlsbad, California. Gallegos and
Associates. Submitted to Dudek and Associates. Report on file at South Coastal
Information Center, San Diego State University.
Guerrero, Monica C., and Dennis R. Gallegos
2003b Cultural Resource Survey and Test Program for the Carlsbad Sewer Line Project,
Carlsbad, California. Gallegos and Associates. Submitted to Dudek and
- Associates. Report on file at South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State
University.
Scroth, Adella, Nina Harris and Dennis R. Gallegos
1996 Archaeological Survey and test for the Huber Property, Carlsbad, California.
Gallegos and Associates. Submitted to Gene Huber. Report on file at South Coastal
Information Center, San Diego State University.
Mitchell, Patricia
1996 The Oceanside to Escondido Rail Project. ERC Environmental and Energy Services
Co. Submitted to North County Transit District Unpublished Report on file at
Soutb Coastal Information Center, San Diego State University.
In addition to the archaeological site and bibliographic background searches, the SCIC also
reviewed an historic structures database and historic maps. The database indicated no historic
structures within or adjacent to the current project No historic resources were identified during
a review of the fcdlowing historic maps:
Historic Roads and Trails: San Diego County, California 1769-1885,
1872 San Diego Assessors Map,
1898 Oceanside Topographic Map, 1:62,500,
1901 San Luis Rey Topographic Map. 1:125,000,
1942 Oceanside Topographic Map, 1:62, 500, and
1948 San Luis Rey Topographic Map, 1:24,000.
5.0-5
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
SJ, Field Investigatioiis
The project area consists of a rectangular parcel that sits on a moderately steep, south-
facing slope leading down to Agua Hedionda Lagoon (Plates 5.0-1 and 5.0-2). At the time of
the current study, the property was developed, and contains two structures (one residential and
one commercial/storage) and is covered in pavement except for the southern quarter of the
parcel, which is the beach and tidal zone for the lagoon, and a small swath of landscaping
vegetation between the residence and the second structure. The area containing the landscaping
vegetation is the steepest sloping portion of the property; the remainder of the parcel is gently
sloping down towards the lagoon. Groimd visibility was poor due to the structures and
pavement, which cover the majority of the parcel.
No lithic artifacts, features, historic resources, or darkened M)ils were observed in the
project area. Marine shellfish remains were noted on the shoreline of Agua Hedionda Lagoon,
which borders the property to the south. The shellfish remains are part of a thin veneer of shell
that encircles the entire lagoon along the shoreline, which is attributed to natiuul processes. The
shellfish remains, do not represent the presence of a cultural resource, specifically SDI-13,701,
located just west of the property.
Two structures were identified within the subject property. The residential structure,
which is located just south of Adams Street, has undergone many additions and renovations, and
all the structural elements and materials appear modem. The second stmcture is located
approximately 50 feet south of the residential structure. This second stmcture is constmcted of
modem materials and has a shed roof. Both stmctures are less than 45 years in age and did not
^pear to be historically or architecturally significant
5.0-45
The Carlsbad Bnat Club Projecl
I
- , n ..V
Plate 5.0-1. Central portion of the project, facing northwest
Plate 5.0-2. Project overview, facing north.
5.0-7
The Carlsbad Boat Cbib Project
6.0 MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS/RECOMMENDATIONS
The Phase I archaeological assessment of the Carlsbad Boat Qub Project consisted of
archaeological records searches, and an intensive archaeological survey of the entire property.
The methods used during this investigation were in accordance with CEQA, Section 15064.5 and
the City of Carlsbad archaeological guidelines. As a result of the archaeological survey, no
artifacts, features, historic resources, or darkened soils were identified within the project
boundaries.
6.1 Statement of Effects
According to the proposed development plan, it appears that the entire 1.02-acre property
will be impacted; however, as no cultural resources were located during the current survey of the
project area and no resources were identified as a result of the records searches, no impacts to
cultural resources will be caused by the proposed development
6.2 Recommendations
Due to the absence of cultural resources within the project boundaries, no further
archaeological study is recommended. However, because a substantial area within the project
was covered with concrete and structures, and as Site SDI-13,701 is located adjacent to the
current project, subsurface artifacts and features possibly associated with SDI-13,701 may have
been inadvertently capped when the current structures and driveways were first constructed, it is
recommended that archaeological monitoring be required dming clearing, demolition of the
structures, and all earth-disturbing activities within the project Monitoring would provide an
opportunity to view the ground surface and to identify any resources that might be exposed.
In the event that any cultural resources, concentration of artifacts, ot culturally UKxiified
soil deposits are discovered within the project at any time during construction activities, aU work
should be halted near the discovery and a qualified archaeologist should record and evaluate the
discovery under CEQA and City of Carlsbad criteria. Any resources identified during grading
will be subjected to mitigation measurses as specified, by the archaeological and historical
guidelines.
6.0-1
The Cartsbad Boat Club Project
7.0 PERSONNEL
The archaeological assessment for Carlsbad Boat Qub Project was directed by Project
Arhcaeologist Richard Greene, under the direction of Brian F. Smith Principle Investigator.
Project personnel included field archaeologists Charles Callahan, Ryan Robinson, and Brad
Comeau. The text of this report was prepared by Richard Greene and edited by Nora Collins and
Brian F. Smith. The report graphics were prepared by Danielle Kahaku. Erika Manabat was in
charge of report jHtKluction.
7.0-1
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
8.0 CERTmCATTON
I hereby certify that the statements furnished above and in the attached exhibits present
the data and information required for this archaeological report, and that the facts, statements,
and information presented are true and correct to the best of my knowledge and belief, and have
been compiled in accordance witib the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) criteria as
defined in Section 15064.5 and Qty of Carlsbad cultural resource criteria.
nan
Princi
March 1, 2007
Date
8.0-1
The Carbbad Boat Cbib Project
9.0 REFERENCES CITED
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BuU, Charles S.
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9.0-1
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
Chartkoff, Joseph L. and Kerry Kona Oiartkoff
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Diego.
Gallegos, Dennis and Richard Carrico
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Diego State College, San Diego.
9.0-2
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
Guerrero, Monica C., and Dennis R. Gallegos
2003a Cultural Resource Background Study for the North Agua Hedionda Interceptor
Sewer Maintenance Access Road Project City of Carlsbad, California. Gallegos and
Associates, Submitted to Dudek and Associates. Report on file at South Coastal
Information Center, San Diego State University.
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Carlsbad, California. Gallegos and Associates. Submitted to Dudek and
Associates. Report on file at South Coastal Information Center, San Diego State
University.
Hayden, Julian D.
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Heiges, Harvey
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Region. Edited by Philip Pryde. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, Iowa.
Kaldenberg, Russell
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Koerper, H. C, J. E. Bicson, C. E Drover, and P. E. Langenwalter n
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Koerper, Henry C., Paul E Langenwalter and Adella Schroth
1991 Early Holocene Adaptations and the Transition Phase Problem: Evidence from the
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9.0-3
The Carlsbad Boat Cbib Project
Masters, Patricia, PLD., Gallegos, Dennis and Carolyn Kyle
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1967 Transitional Pre-Desert Phase in San Diego County. Science Vol. 155.
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Price, Glenn W.
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9.0-4
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
Rolle, Andrew F.
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9.0-5
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
Walker, EE
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Warren, Qaude N. and D.E True
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Survey Annual Report 1960-1961:246-337. University of California, Los Angeles.
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1868 February 6: 2 (col. 1).
1872 January 2: 1 (col. 1).
9.0-6
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
APPENDIX 1
Archaeological Records Search Results
(Deleted for public review; bound separately)
The Carlsbad Boat Club Project
APPENDIX II
NAHC Sacred Lands FUe Search Results
(Deleted for public review; bound separately)
The Carlsbad Bool Club Project
APPENDIX III
Cultural Resources Location Map
(Deletedfor public review; hound separately)