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Home My WebLink About3151; Palomar Airport Road Widening; Techinical Reports for Palomar Airport Road Widening; 1987-06-01TECHNICAL REPORTS FOR THE PALOMAR AIRPORT ROAD WIDENING Prepared for: Cityof Carlsbad 2075 Las Palmas Carlsbad. CA 92008 Prepared by: WESTEC Services, Inc. 5510 Morehouse Drive San Diegj, CA 92121 June 1987 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES REPORT ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORTS BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES REPORT OF THE PALOMAR AIRPORT ROAD WIDENING Prepared for: Cityof Carlsbad 2075 Las Palmas Carlsbad, CA 92008 Prepared by: WESTEC Services. Inc. 5510 Morehouse Drive San Diego, CA 92121 June 1987 m m INTRODUCTION A biological survey of the proposed alignment for the widening of approximately 1.5 miles of Palomar Airpon Road was made to determine the flora, fauna, and habitat types found on the subject property. The following report describes the general distribution and com- ponent plants of the vegetative associations and discusses wUdlife habitat resources and their utilization. Particular attention during the survey was given to determining the presence or absence of significant biological features on or adjacent to the property. Significant biological features are considered to be: plant or animal species of rare and/or endangered status; depleted or declining faunal species; and species and habitat types of unique or limited distribution. The biological effects of the proposed road widening are addressed in this report, and recommendations to reduce identified effects are presented. GEOGRAPHICAL LIMITS OF THE STUDY The project area is located east of Interstate 5, along Palomar Airport Road in the City of Carlsbad, northwestem San Diego County, Califomia (Figure 1). The proposed align- ment includes 1.5 mUes from east of Paseo del Norte to approximately 0.5 mile east of Laurel Tree Road (Figure 2). Canyon de las Encinas Ues directiy south of Palomar Airport Road, and Palomar Aiiport Ues to the northeast LAND USE Palomar Airport Road is currentiy a 2-lane highway. Lands directiy south of the existing road and in the northeastem portion of the alignment have historically been used for agri- cultural purposes. Only land in the northwestem part of the aUgnment is currentiy under cultivation. Several utUity easements occur on or just offsite. Additional offsite land uses include agricultural activities to the north, and commercial developments to the east and west. TOPOGRAPHY AND SOILS The existing Palotoar Airport Road is an east-west-oriented artery along the northem edge of die floodplain of Canyon de las Encinas. The road abuts gently sloping hills to the north, while land to the south in the floodplain is relatively flat. Elevation within the project area ranges from a high of approximately 140 feet above mean sea level (MSL) in FALLBROOK [WARNER L.SPRINGS Lak, iHinthau/ OCEANSIO^ VISTA PROJECT L0CATI0N| ) ^ Vahlford ESCONDIDO I Sutlttrlaitil LEUCADIM 'Hotlg4i\ RAMONA n > DELMAF LA JOLL; •pOWAV ^ SANTEEI ELICAJON Lovtlttnd Rturumr POINi. LOMA'^ fSAN. "DIEGO ^3 IMPERIAL^ BEACm .JAMUL i^NAjioNAL ^/rr" ^DULZURA Barren Uke 4! . Regional Location of Project FIGURI 1 J c (0 w •ig a CO (D CO D U3 QC to '5 •o e n c 'o c Ul c o •g u '5. e Q Wl (0 c75 S o Q. (A Ul die northeast to 60 feet above MSL in the south. An intermittent stream mns through the canyon south of the project site, although this stream is diverted underground at one point. SoUs onsite arc primarily of the Las Flores (LeE2), Diablo (DaD). Marina (MIC), SaUnas (ScA). Tujunga (TuB), and Visalia (VaB) series. The first three types are found in upland areas within the alignment. Las Flores soils are moderately weU-drained, loamy, fine sands with a sandy clay subsoU which formed in material weathered from siliceous marine sandstone. Diablo soils are weU-drained, deep clays derived from soft, calcareous sand- stone and shale. Marina soUs, which are found on old beach ridges, are excessively drained, very deep, loamy, coarse sands derived from weakly consoUdated to noncoherent eoUan sand. Salinas, Tujunga, and VisaUa soUs are weU-drained clay or sandy loams which occur on alluvial fans and floodplains (USDA 1973). These soUs occur in low-lying areas of the site. principaUy south of the existing road. SURVEY METHODS The site was surveyed on June 10, 1987 by Patricia Gordon-Reedy, Associate Biologist with WESTEC Services, between the hours of 0900-1400. Weather conditions at the time of survey consisted of overcast skies, a temperature range of approximately 68° to 73*'F, and a breeze of 0-5 mph. The alignment was surveyed on foot. AU areas of the alignment were visible from the survey route, and all habitat types were visited. AU observed plants were identified, and species lists were compiled. Animals were identified by scat, tracks, burrows, vocaUzations, or direct observations with the aid of binoculars. Vegetation was mapped on 1" = 40' topographical maps of the alignment. No quantitative plant transects or animal napping studies were conducted as part of this study. Scientific nomenclature used throughout this report conforms to Munz (1974) for plants, A.O.U. (1986) for birds, Jennings (1983) for reptiles and amphibians, and Jones et al. (1982) for mammals. Additional sources of information included previous surveys conducted in the vicinity, as weU as local and regional authorities. These sources are cited where appropriate in the report. VEGETATION Vegetative habitats are deUneated in Figures 4 through 7 and discussed separately below. Figure 3 provides an index to Figures 4 through 7. Vegetative associations foUow HoUand (1986) where appUcable. or Thome (1976). A floral species list is included as Attach- ment A of this report The survey period was adequate to detect many annuals and herbaceous perennials. Three vegetative associations were detected onsite: disturbed or successional coastal sage scmb; disturbed habiut; and wetiand habitat. Disturbed habitat accounts for most of the vegetation within the grading area. Successional coastal sage scmb occurs on roadcuts and upper slopes in the northeastem portion of the site. Overall, this association comprises 1.52 acres or 6.3 percent of the total vegetation within the grading area. This area is relatively disturbed, as evidenced by soU displacement resulting from previous road construction, as weU as the preponderance of successional native species or non-native, weedy species. Dominant species include CWomia sagebmsh {Artemisia californica), flat-top buckwheat {Eriogonum fasciculatum ssp. fasciculatum), and coyote bmsh {Baccharis pilularis var. consanguinea). Other species present, but in lesser amounts, include lemonadeberry {Rhus integrifolia), desert elderbeny {Sambucus mexicana), and coastal prickly-pear {Opuntia littoralis). The understory of this association is poorly developed, and consists of such species as red brome {Bromus rubens), telegraph weed {Heterotheca grandiflora), sand-aster {Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. virgata), and black mustard {Brassica nigra). Disturbed vegetation is comprised of non-native, exotic, or weedy species. This habitat dominates the majority of the site, and is a result of past or present agricultural or grazing activities, roadway constraction, and utiUties placement and maintenance. Typical species include myopomm {Myoporum laetum), tree tobacco {Nicotiana glauca), sweet fennel {Foeniculum vulgare), castor bean {Ricinis communis), garland chrysanthemum {Chrysanthemum coronarium), halberd-leaf saltbush {Atriplexpatula ssp. hastata), fountain grass {Pennisetum setaceum), ice plant {Gasoul crystallinum), and Russian-thistie {Salsola iberica), among others. Disturbed vegetation comprises 20.7 acres (86.2 percent) of die vegetation onsite. Small agricultural areas occur in the northeastem portion of the alignment, and account for an additional 0.96 acre (4.0 percent) which is effectively classified as disturbed habitat from a biological perspective. IU K 3 0 n 3 O iZ « n. CO i UJ le 7Z LEGEND DISTURBED COASTAL SAGE SCRUB RIPARIAN WOODLAND RIPARIAN SCRUB MESIC VEGETATION EXOTIC TREES MULEFAT (Baccharis glulinosa) COAST UVE OAK WETLAND HABITAT IMPACTED BY PROJECT (Permanent) WETLAND HABITAT IMPACTED BY PROJECT (Shon-Term) NOTE' Areas undelineated denote disturbed vegetation or agnculture tKrrcLL. car:, g^e^ (^^~^ Vegetative Habitats as Shown Along Project Site FIGUR 4 WESTEC Services, Inc 7L LEGEND DISTURBED COASTAL SAGE SCRUf RIPARIAN WOODLAND RIPARIAN SCRUB MESIC VEGETATION EXOTIC TREES MULEFAT (Baccharis glulinosa) COAST LIVE OAK WETLAND HABITAT IMPACTED BY PROJECT (Permanent) WETLAND HABITAT IMPACTED BY PROJECT (Shon-Term) NOTE Areas imdchnGaiod dcnoK; disturbed vcgoi("!'ion or agnculti^re Vegetative Habitats as Shown Along Project Site FIGURE WESTEC Services. Inc. / fyuj re*- ['>"•'• • LEGEND DISTURBED COASTAL SAGE SCRUE RIPARIAN WOODLAND RIPARIAN SCRUB MESIC VEGETATION EXOTIC TREES MULEFAT (Baccharis glulinosa) COAST LIVE OAK WETLAND HABITAT IMPACTED BY PROJECT (Permanent) WETLAND HABITAT IMPACTED BY PROJECT (Short-Term) NOTE. Areas undelineated denote disturbed vegetation or agnculture 7L Vegetative Habitats as Shown Along Project Site FIGURE B WESTEC Services. Inc * LEGEND DISTURBED COASTAL SAGE SCRUB RIPARIAN WOODLAND RIPARIAN SCRUB MESIC VEGETATION EXOTIC TREES MULEFAT (Baccharis glulinosa) COAST LIVE OAK WETU^ND HABITAT IMPACTED BY PROJECT (Permanent) WETLAND HABITAT IMPACTED BY PROJECT (Short-Term) NOTE. Areas undelineated denote disturbed vegetation or agnculture. 100 FEET Vegetative Habitats as Shown Along Project Site FIGURE WESTEC Services. Inc mr Riparian habitat occurs in scattered locations tiiroughout tiie aUgnment. and is generaUy a direct result of additional water from storm drains or pipes. This habitat is better-developed offsite to die south, in die intermittent drainage that ttansects Canyon de las Encinas. Most of die riparian habitat onsite is classified as riparian scmb. In most areas, tiiis association is dominated by mulefat {Baccharis glutinosa) or a combination of mulefat and coyote bmsh. Young willows {Salix spp.) occur only occasionally in mulefat-dominated scmb. Riparian scmb comprises 0.51 acre (2.1 percent) of vegetation within the aUgnment. Better-developed wedand habitat, which is dominated by arroyo wiUow {Salix lasiolepis), cat-taU {Typha sp.), and buhiish {Scirpus sp,), occurs onsite only near die tmck farm, in die westem portion of die aUgnment, This habitat amounts to 0.13 acre (0.54 percent of the total vegetation) onsite. Small areas of mesic habitat dominated by herbaceous, facultative wetiand species occur soutii of Palomar Airport Road, at die toe of die existing slopes. Sedge {Cyperus sp.) is die primary species in tiiese areas. This association comprises 0.003 acre (0.01 percent) of the total vegetation onsite. Altiiough no oaks or oak woodland occur witiiin the grading area, two individual coast live oak trees {Quercus agrifoiia) are located approximately 15-25 feet soutii of die grading limit. Soutiiem oak woodland is relatively well-developed offsite to die soutiieast. WILDLIFE Wildlife Habitat Evaluation Overall. wUdUfe diversity on the subject property is not expected to be high due to past disturbances, die traffic on Palomar Auport Road, and adjacent land uses. Most of die site also lacks dense cover, trees, and rock outcroppings which contribute to habitat diversity and hence wildlife diversity. The site is somewhat enhanced by the presence of riparian and oak woodlands to die soutii. For the most part, however, wUdlife use of tiie site is expected to be Umited to common scmb-associated species and species adapted to disturbed environments. 11 Amphibians No amphibians were detected onsite, and few are expected to occur here. The lack of a permanent water source and appropriate habitat arc limiting factors. Reptiles No reptile species were detected onsite, altiiough a few are expected to occur here, includ- ing Califomia side-blotched lizard {Uta stansburiana elegans), westem fence Uzard {Sceloporus occidentalis), orange-tiiroated whiptaU {Cnemidophorus hyperythrus beldingi), silvery legless Uzard {Aniella pulchra pulchra), San Diego homed Uzard {Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillei), and common kingsnake {Lampropeltis getulus). Birds Twelve biid species were detected onsite. Some of these, such as mouming dove {Zenaida macroura), lesser goldfinch {Carduelis psaltria), house finch {Carpodacus mexicanus), and nortiiem mockingbiiti {Mimus polyglottos), are often associated witii disturbed habitats, and tills appears to be die case onsite. Westem kingbird {Tyrranus verticalis) and westem meadowlark {Sturnella neglecta) were also observed in disturbed or grassy areas, Anna's hummingbird {Archilochus anna), brown towhee {Pipilo fuscus), common flicker {Colaptes auratus), and song sparrow {Zonotrichia melodia) were observed primarily in scmb habitat. A red-shouldered hawk {Buteo lineatus) was observed flying over the site, and probably forages here, but nests offsite to die soudi. Finally, a common yellowtiiroat {Geothlypis trichas) was observed in riparian habitat onsite. Most of the observed birds can be expected to nest onsite or nearby, with die exception of the hawk, which would not find nesting habitat here. Mammals Three mammal species were detected within the alignment: bmsh rabbit {Sylvilagus bachmani cinerascens), CaUfomia ground squirrel {Spermophilus beecheyi nudipes), and raccoon {Procyon lotor). The abundance of CaUfcMiua ground squinel, in particular, attests to the disturbed conditions found onsite. The lack of cover, disturbed conditions, and proximity to development probably Umits the occunence of several larger mammal species, although diese animals may utUize woodland habitats to tiie soudi as a corridor. 12 HIGH INTEREST SPECIES/HABITATS Plants High-interest plants include tiiose Usted by die U.S. Fish and WildUfe Service (USFWS 1985a), Califomia Department of Fish and Game (CDFG 1985), and Califomia Native Plant Society (Smitii and York 1984). The CNPS listing is sanctioned by die CaUfomia Department of Fish and Game and essentially serves as their Ust of "candidate" species. No sensitive plant species were detected onsite. Potentially-occurring species are briefly discussed below. Several sensitive plants are known from the project area. The great majority of these are associated with habitats or vegetative associations which do not occur onsite, and arc not to be expected on the disturbed soUs which comprise the majority of the study area. In any case, most of these species would have been detectable during tiie survey period. Five of the sensitive species considered potentiaUy occurring are shmbs which are easUy detectable throughout the year. This Ust includes Encinitas baccharis {Baccharis vanessae), Califomia adolphia {Adolphia californica), wart-stemmed ceanothus {Ceanothus verrucosus), sea dahlia {Coreopsis maritima), and Ocutt's hazardia {Hazardia orcuttii). San Dieguito sand- aster {Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. linifolia) is an herbaceous perennial which would have been present and observable during the survey period. Although the closely-related species Corethrogyne filaginifolia var. virgata occurs onsite, San Dieguito sand-aster was not detected. Finally, three annual species were considered potentially present onsite. All of these would also have been present and detectable during the survey period. Non- detection indicates tiiat they do not occur onsite. at least in any significant numbers. This group includes Orcutt's spineflower {Chorizanthe orcuttiana). Palmer's grappUng hook {Harpagonella palmeri), and Nuttall's lotus {Lotus nuttallianus). Orcutt's spineflower, whUe past flowering, would have been detectable to generic level during die survey period. Palmer's grappling hook is an inconspicuous annual which would also have been past flowering. The level of habitat disturi^ance is probably die limiting factor for diis species onsite. Nuttall's lo^as occurs on sandy beaches, and is therefore limited from occunence onsite by lack of suitable habitat. 13 Animals High interest animal species are officiaUy listed by die U.S. Fish and WUdlife Service (USFWS 1985b) and the CaUfomia Department of Fish and Game (CDFG 1980). No sensitive animal species were detected onsite. No sensitive amphibian species arc expected to utiUze tills site. PotentiaUy-occurring reptile, bird, and mammal species are discussed below. A number of declining reptile species are known from the County, These species arc con- sidered sensitive due to their restricted distribution, which is being compounded by on- going habitat loss as a result of urbanization of die coastal plain region. In addition, die populational status of many of these species is poorly known. Orange-tiiroated whiptaU {Cnemidophorus hyperythrus beldingi) is a candidate for federal listing (Category 2), protected by the Califomia Department of Fish and Game, and considered du^atened by die San Diego Herpetological Society (SDHS 1980). The princi- pal dffeat to diis species is loss of habitat. It is stiU locaUy common in many areas where it does occur. This species could also be expected in scmb habitat onsite. San Diego homed Uzard {Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillei) is a candidate for federal list- ing (Category 2). protected by die Califomia Department of Fish and Game, and con- sidered endangered by die San Diego Herpetological Society (SDHS 1980) due to habitat destmction and coUecting for tiie pet trade. It is stUl relatively widespread and common in San Diego County. This species could also be expected dffoughout low scmb habitat onsite. SUvery legless Uzard {Aniella pulchra pulchra) is considered threatened by die San Diego Herpetological Society (SDHS 1980), This secretive species appears to occur in highly localized populations near drainages, and would be most lUcely onsite in areas of sandy soil. Coastal rosy boa {Uchanura trivirgata roseofusca) is protected by the Califomia Department of Fish and Game (1980 as amended). This species is widespread tiiroughout die County in dry, rocky chaparral and desert habitats. usuaUy near drainages with intemiittent streams. Coastal rosy boa is decUning due to habitat alteration. Altiiough this species is 14 Birds Least BeU's vireo {Vireo bellii pusillus) is an obUgate riparian habitat bird species which prefers habitat witii a dense understory under 3 m in height (Goldwasser 1981). This means that it requires riparian woodland vegetation in which to carry out its Ufe cycle. Vircos anive in San Diego County in late March to early April and leave for their Mexican wintering grounds in September. AU reproductive activities, from pair fonnation to fledg- ing of young, occur in weU-defined tenitories; usually wUlow-dominated riparian vegeta- tion widi a dense understory. The species appears to be highly site tenacious, widi males often returning to the same general area used the previous year (Salata 1983). The very smaU amount of riparian habitat onsite is not "prime" habitat, but is stmcturaUy adequate for nesting by least BeU's vireo. This habitat could probably support a maximum of one pair. The probabiUty of tius species utUizing riparian habitat onsite is very small, however, due to the small areal extent of this habitat, its isolated stams, the traffic on Palomar Airport Road, and die disturbed nature of the sunounding area. In addition to least Bell's vireo. several other breeding bird species of concem are associated specificaUy widi riparian woodland habitat. These sensitive bird species include wUlow flycatcher {Empidonax traillii), yeUow warbler {Dendroica petechia), and yeUow- breasted chat {Icteria virens). Brown-headed cowbird {Molothrus ater) parasitism in com- bination with habitat loss are suspected as the major reasons for the decline of these species. None of tiiese species was detected onsite, although a smaU amount of marginally suitable habitat is present in one location. A locaUy decUning upland bird species is die black-taUed gnatcatcher {Polioptila melanura californica) (Everett 1979; Remsen 1978). This species is associated widi coastal sage scmb habitat (Atwood 1980). It was not observed onsite and is not expected due to the Umited extent of the onsite scmb habitat and its disturbed character. Birds of prey, as a group, are considered sensitive due to the overaU loss of foraging and nesting habitats. One species, red-shouldered hawk, was observed flying over die site: This species may utiUze the site for foraging to some degree, but does not nest on the site. 15 Mammals The only high-interest mammal species which might utiUze die site is bobcat {Felis rufus). The bobcat became a species of concem a few years ago when urapping pressures increased sharply in response to die fur trade. This species appears relatively common in bmshland habitat in San Diego County (Lembeck 1978) and is considered a potential inhabitant of die study area, altiiough it is more likely to occur in habitat south of the site. Habitats Sensitive habitats arc those which are considered rare within the region, support sensitive plants or animals, or have high productivity or wUdUfe value. The Conservation Element of tiie General Plan fOT die County of San Diego (County of San Diego 1980) Usts many of these habitats. Wetiand habitat is considered a sensitive resource by die CWomia Department of Fish and Game, This habitat is specificaUy addressed by Fish and Game Code Sections 16(X)-1606 (Streambed Alteration Agreement), and wedands are also covered under die jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers permii process (Reinen 1978). Wedands arc subject to Qean Water Act permit provisions regulating dredge and fill operations. These provisions are enforced by the U.S, Army Corps of Engineers, with technical input from the U.S. Enviromnental Protection Agency and die U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Wetiand habitat onsite consists of two disjunct areas of riparian woodland which total 0.13 acre, six disjunct areas of riparian scmb which total 0.51 acre, and mesic vegetation comprised of wetiand associated herbaceous species (0.003 acre). The total wetiand vegetation onsite amounts to 0.64 acre. The stnall size of diis wetland and its stmctural makeup do not comprise valuable wildlife habitat in a regional context. Nevertheless, the project may require a 404 petmit from die Corps of Engineers. DISCUSSION AND IMPACT ANALYSIS The proposed road widening project wiU result in grading of approximately 24.2 acres of habitat on botii sides of Palomar Auport Road. The overall impact to biological resources fiom diis project is not expected to be significant, given the disturbed nature of the site. 16 Approximate habitat losses are shown below: Impacts within grading area: Habitat AcTgagg Impagtgd •Disturbed 21.7 Disturbed coastal sage scmb 1.52 Riparian woodland 0.13 Riparian scmb 0.51 Mesic vegetation 0.003 Exotic trees 0.20 •Includes agriculture (0.74 acre), but excludes existing Palomar Airport Road. Project implementation wiU result in an incremental loss of habitat for potentially-occurring reptUe species and foraging habitat for raptor species (including red-shouldered hawk). These losses are considered a cumulative impact which is not a significant effect of this project alone. Of concem. however, is the presence of sensitive wetiand habitat which occurs onsite. This project wiU result in the permanent loss of approximately 0,64 acre of wedand habitat due to road widening, A short-term impact during constraction of up to an additional 0.82 acre (0.11 acre of riparian woodland and 0.71 acre of riparian scrab) wiU occur from constmction activities immediately adjacent to the proposed aligmnent. These temporarily disturbed areas will probably revegetate naturally, but could be readUy restored as riparian habitat through development of a revegetation program. In addition, habitat outside this unmediately adjacent area could also be significantiy affected if constmction practices are not confined to the immediate aUgnment area. MITIGATION MEASURES This project as designed wiU not have any significant impacts to biological resources, and no mitigation measures wUl be required under the CaUfomia Environmental Quality Act. Nevertheless, a Clean Water Act Section 404 Permit may be required from the Army Corps of Engineers, since the project will disturb several small areas of wetiands which 17 total more tiian 1.0 acre. The 404 Permit requirements for die road widening projea can be addressed in two ways: 1. The roadway-associated drainage stractures and constmction access roads could be sUghdy redesigned to reduce impacts to wedands to less tiian 1,0 acre. The project would then meet the requirements for a Nationwide Permit, and no appUcation to die Corps of Engineers wouW be required. 2. An appUcation for a 404 Permit can be submitted to die Corps of Engineers fOT the project as currentiy designed. After review of the application, the Corps could issue eidier a Nationwide or Individual permit for die project. Such a permit could be contingent upon development of a mitigation plan fOT revegetation of wetiands. The mitigation could require creation of new wetiands onsite at a 2:1 or 3:1 ratio for wetiands lost during constmction. RECOMMENDATIONS Impacts to wetland vegetation outside die grading area couki potentially be greatiy reduced by adherence to certain constraction practices, as outiined below. The greatest loss of habitat is expected from the use of heavy equipment in wetland areas, on and offsite. Construction Practices 1. Heavy equipment and constraction activities should be restricted to the grading area to the greatest degree possible in order to reduce direct impacts to wetiand habitat. Prohibited activities include staging areas, equipment access, and disposal or temporary placement of excess fiU. Constmction Umits and wetiand habitat should be flagged by a quaUfied biologist. 2. FUl slopes should be constmcted from die top of die existing road or berm, downward. Grading should also occur from the existing road ^r berm outward. 3. Move headwaU stmctures further in toward die road; reduce riprap. 18 4. Retain existing pipes in areas where wetiand vegetation occurs in order to avoid additional wetland habitat removal. It is acknowledged that new pipes will need to be placed. 5. Fueling of equipment should not occur in any portion of the site near the intermittent stream in Canyon de las Encinas. Habitat Replacement Although the loss of coastal sage scmb onsite is not considered a significant effect of this project, it is recommended that slopes be revegetated with native scrab species found in die area. Suitable species include CaUfomia sagebmsh {Artemisia californica), flat-top buckwheat {Eriogonum fasciculatum ssp. fasciculatum), lemonadeberry {Rhus integrifolia), and deerweed {Lotus scoparius), among others. This area could be effectively hydroseeded. Other Recommendations Two coast Uve oak ttees occur approximately 20 feet outside the grading Une (Figure 7) in the northeastem portion of the alignment. These oaks should be staked and flagged by qualified personnel priOT to the onset of constmction. All construction activities should be prohibited within 10 feet of the dripline of these trees. This includes equipment as weU as earth-moving activities. 19 REFERENCES CITED American Omitiiologists* Union, Committee on Qassification and Nomenclattire. 1986. Thirty-fourtii Supplement to die A.O.U. Checklist of North Amencan Bu-ds. The Auk 99(3), Atwood, J. 1980. The United States distribution of tiie CaUfomia black-taUed gnatcatcher. Westem Birds 11:65-78. CaUfomia Department of Fish and Game. 1985. Designated endangered or rare plants. The Resources Agency, June 19. County of SanDiego. 1980. Conservation Element (Part X) of tiie County general plan. Planning Department, GPA-80-61. Everett. W,T. 1979. Threatened, declining, and sensitive bird species in San Diego County, San Diego Audubon Society, Sketches. June. Goldwasser, S. 1981. Habitat requirements of the least Bell's vireo. CaUfomia Department of Fish and Game. Sacramento. UnpubUshed report. HoUand, R.F. 1986. Preliminary descriptions of the tenestrial natural communities of CaUfomia. State of CMifomia, The Resources Agency. Jennings, M.R. 1983. An annotated checklist of die amphibians and reptiles of CaUfomia. CaUfomia Fish and Game 69(3):151-171. Jones, J.K„ Jr., D.C. Carter. H.H. Genoways, R.S. Hoffman, and D.W. Rice. 1982. Revised checkUst of North American mammals north of Mexico. Occasional Papers of the Museum Texas Tech. University 80:1-22. Umbeck.M. 1978. Bobcat smdy, San Diego County. CaUfomia Department of Fish and Game. Nongame Wildlife Investigations, Smdy IV, Job 1.7. Munz, P.A. 1974. A flora of southem Califomia, University of Califomia Press, Berkeley. Reinen, R.H. 1978. Notice of exercise of Section 404 jurisdiction over certain stteams and wetiands in CaUfomia. Los Angeles District, Corps of Engineers, July 15. Remsen, V. 1978. The species of special concern list: an annotated list of declining or vuhierable birds in CaUfomia. Westem Field Omidiologist, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of Califomia, Berkeley. Salata. L.R. 1983. Stams of die least BeU's vireo on Camp Pendleton. Califomia: Report on research done in 19o3. UnpubUshed Report. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Laguna Niguel, CaUfomia. San Diego Herpetological Society, 1980. Survey and stams of endangered and tiueatened species of reptiles natively occurring in San Diego County. Prepared for Fish and Wildlife Committee. San Diego Department of Agriculuffe. 33 pp. 20 Smitii, J.P.. Jr. and R. York. 1984. Inventory of rare and endangered vascular plants of CaUfomia. CaUfomia Native Plant Society, Special PubUcation No. 1 (3rd Edition). Thome, R.F. 1976. The vascular plant communities of CaUfomia. In. Symposium proceedings-Plant communities of soutiiem Califomia. June Latting (editor). CaUfomia Native Plant Society, Special PubUcation No, 2. United States Department of Agriculttirc (USDA). 1973. SoU Survey, San Diego area, California. 21 ATTACHMENT A FLORAL SPECIES LIST FamUy Scientific Name Dicotyledoneae Aizoaceae - Carpet-Weed FamUy Carpobrotus aequUateralus Gasoul crystaUlnum Gasoul nodiflorum Anacardiaceae - Sumac Family Rhus integrifoUa Apiaceae (UmbelUferae) - Carrot FamUy Foeniculum vulgare Asteraceae (Compositae) - Sunflower Family Ambrosia confertiflora Anthemis cotula Artemisia caUfornica Baccharis glutinosa Baccharis pilularis ssp. consanguinea Calycadenia tenella Centaurea meUtensis Chrysanthemum coronarium Cirsium sp. Conyza canadensis Corethrogyne filaginifoUa var. virgata Cotula coronopifoUa Attachment A FLORAL SPECIES LIST Common Name Sea-Fig Ice-Plant Little Ice-Plant Lemonadeberry Sweet Fennel Mayweed CaUfornia Sagebrush Mule Fat Coyote Brush Rosin Weed Tocalote Annual Chrysanthemum Thistle Horseweed Sand-Aster Brass-Buttons Cynara cardunculus GnaphaUum bieolor GnaphaUum caUfornicum Haplopappus squarrosus ssp. grindehoides Haplopappus yenetus ssp. vernonioides Hemizonia fasciculata Heterotheca grandiflora Lactuca serriola Pieris echioides SUybum marianum Sonchus oleraceus Stephanomeria exigua Xanthium strumarium var. canadense Borginaceae - Borage FamUy HeUotropium curassavicum var. oculatum Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) - Mustard Family Brassica nigra Raphanus sativus Sisymbrium altissimum Cactaceae - Cactus Family Opuntia UttoraUs Capparaceae - Caper Family Isomeris arborea var. arborea Cardoon Cudweed CaUfornia Everlasting Hazardia Coastal Isocoma Teu-weed Telegraph Weed Prickly Lettuce Bristly Ox Tongue MUk Thistle Sow Thistle Small Wreath-Plant Cocklebur Chinese Pusley Black Mustard WUd Radish Tumble Mustard Coastal Prickly Pear Bladderpod CaprifoUaceae - Honeysuckle Family Sambucus mexicana CaryophyUaceae - Pink Family Spergularia sp. Chenopodiaceae - Goosefoot Family Atriplex patula ssp. hastata Atriplex semibaccata Chenopodium caUfornicum Salsola iberica Convolvulaceae - Morning-Glory Family Calystegia macrostegia Euphorbiaceae - Spurge FamUy Eremocarpus setigerus Ricinus communis Fabaceae (Leguminosae) - Pea Family Lotus scoparius ssp. scoparius Medicago polymorpha MeUlotus albus Geraniaceae - Geranium FamUy Erodium cicutarium Malvaceae - Mallow Family Elderberry Sand Spurrey Halberd-Leaf Saltbush AustraUan Saltbush CaUfornia Pigweed Russian-Thistle Morning Glory Turkey Mullein, Dove Weed Castor Bean Deerweed Bur-Clover White Sweet-Clover Red-Stem FUaree Malacothamnus fasciculatus var. fasciculatus Malva parviflora Bush MaUow Cheeseweed NH Myoporaceae - Myoporum Family Myoporum laetum Papaveraceae - Poppy Family Eschscholzia caUfornica Plantaginaceae - Plaintain Family Plantago lanceolata Polygonaceae - Buckwheat FamUy Eriogonum elongatum Eriogonum fasciculatum ssp. fasciculatum Polygonum sp, Rumex crispus Primulaceae - Primrose Family AnagalUs arvensis Rubiaceae - Madder Family GaUum angustifoUum SaUcaeeae - WiUow FamUy Salix lasiolepis var. braceUnae Solanaceae - Nightshade FamUy Datura meteloides Nicotiana glauca Solanum douglasii Monocotyledoneae Cyperaceae - Sedge FamUy Cyperus alternifoUus Scirpus sp. Myoporum California Poppy Narrow-Leaf Plantain Long-Stemmed Eriogonum California Buckwheat Curly Dock Pimpernel Narrowleaf Bedstraw Arroyo Willow Jimson Weed Tree Tobacco Douglas Nightshade Umbrella Plant Bulrush Poaceae (Gramineae) - Grass FamUy Arundo donax Avena barbata Bromus diandrus Bromus molUs Bromus rubens Cortaderia atacamensis Cynodon dactylon Hordeum vulgare Lamarckia aurea LoUum perenne ssp. multiforum Paspalum dilatatum Pennisetum setaceum Phalaris canariensis Polypogon monspeUensis Sorghum halepense Stipa sp. Typhaceae - CattaU FamUy Typha sp. Giant Reed Slender Wild Oat Ripgut Grass Soft Chess FoxtaU Chess Pampas Grass Bermuda Grass Common Barley Goldentop ItaUan Ryegrass Dallis Grass Fountain Grass Canary Grass Rabbitfoot Grass Johnson Grass Bunchgrass CattaU 1. 2. Nomenclature foUows Munz, 1974. Species detected winter 1986-87 by WESTEC Services, Ine. throughout the area and June 1986 by R. Friesen on the Warmington parceL ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND PALEONTOLOGICAL SURVEYS OF A PORTION OF PALOMAR AIRPORT ROAD Prepared fOT: City of Carlsbad 2075 Las Pahnas Carlsbad, CA 92008 Prepared by: WESTEC Services, Inc. 5510 MOTchouse Mve San Diego, CA 92121 June 1987 ABSTRACT A 1.5-mile corridor along Palomar Airport Road, between Paseo del Norte and CoUege Boulevard, was surveyed fOT cultural resources. Two scatters primarily consisting of marine shellfish were relocated within the proposed improvement corridOT, One of the two areas was previously recOTded (SDi-8692) as a Ught sheU scatter, whUe the second (W- 117) is recorded as a sparse artifact and sheU scatter. Neither of the sites is considered significant, because of their disturbed condition and the limited data present. No further WOTk is requested OT recommended fOT this project with regard to cultural resources. A field survey of the alignment for paleontological resources identified one potentially fossU-rich site in an exposed road cut. Road widening has the potential to impact significant paleontological resources. Specific measures wiU be necessary prior to and during constraction to insure proper mitigation. A complete paleontological letter report is attached. SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 PROTFrT DESCRTPTION WESTEC Services. Inc, conducted a literature review for archaeological resources and completed a field survey of die 1.5-mUe project corridor in partial fiilfiUmem of CEQA requirements (as amended m 1984). The field survey was completed in June 1987. 1.2 PffOirrT rOCATTON AND ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING The project is located in die Qty of Carlsbad and is limited to a 1.5-mUe segment of Palomar Airport Road between Paseo del Norte and CoUege Boulevard (Figures 1 and 2). The proposed improvements for tiiis section of die roadway are confined to an area within approximately 200 feet of die existing centerUne. The project setting along die right-of-way incorporates a number of low ridgelines and associated drainages. The vegetation along tiie right-of-way is disttirbed coastal sage scmb witii raderal grasses and weeds. Substantial portions of tiie survey area have been cultivated or disturbed by road constmction. There are, however, isolated areas of riparian habitat along and adjacent to the projea corridOT. Additionally, a field investigation of paleontological resources was completed by PaleoServices. A complete letter report is attached. i.. FALLBROOK 1 WARNER ^SPRINGS , Lake iHenihaui OCEANSID^ -ft VISTA PROJECT LOCATION! } -f LEUCADIM ESCONDIDO Lakt^ I Sulkerltnd RAMONA O > DEL MAM LAJOLL^ ^OWAY ^'""1* Uke ' SANTEE, Loctland Reuniiiir P0IN1^ LOMA!I SAN^ ^DIEGO .NAT^AL " ^ CITY IVSIACHLB-AV'STA. IMPERlAL'^ia .JAMUL Barren Uke .DULZURA . .ABOROeBlJNL. $1 Regional Location of Project FIGURE 1 WESTEC SttrvlCM. Inc. SECTION 2 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 2.1 CULTURE HISTORY In prehistoric times, the Carlsbad area was occupied by at least three somewhat distinct culture groups. These people are known today as the San Dieguito, La Jolla, and Luiseno. Native American people occupied San Diego County from approximately 10,000 years ago through die present day. A detaUed culture history of San Diego County is avaUable upon request from WESTEC Services, Inc, 2.2 RECORD SEARCH RESULTS Site recOTd searches and Uteramre reviews were conducted at the San Diego Museum of Man data repository and at the Cultural Resource Management Center at San Diego State University. These record searches resulted in the identification of one previously recorded archaeological site (W-117) within the projea area. The site is located on the western end of the corridor and is only partially within the project boundaries. W- 117 was recorded as a sparse artifact and shell scatter which has been substantially disturbed by agricultural activities (Rogers site record form n.d.). An updated site form prepared by archaeologists from RBR & Associates Usts observed artifacts such as split cobble scrapers and flakes of various geologic materials (Gross et al. 1987), as well as metates and a "digging" weight noted on the original site record by Rogers (n.d.). Record search requests also noted the presence of two recorded sites adjacent to the project parcel. These sites, SDi-8692 (W-2405) and SDi-8693 (W-2408), are recorded as sheU scatters. SDi-8692 is located within 100 m of the project parcel, while SDi-8693 is one-half mile outside the anticipated impact zone. Shell from SDi-8692 was observed within the proposed Palomar Airport Road improvement corridor, and a mano fragment was collected from the site surface. SECTION 3 FIELD METHODS AND RESULTS 3.1 STTRVEY METHODS Fieldworic was conducted on June 5,1987. The survey mediods appUed during die fiekl investigation conform to the guideUnes and requurements of the Society of CaUfomia Archaeology (King et al. 1973) and tiiose outUned by die National Park Service (ScoviU etal. 1972). Dennis Gallegos and Dayle Cheever surveyed die project area maintaining an interval of 15 m, as terrain and vegetation permitted. The area surveyed was identified to include aU of the area within approximately 200 feet (north and south) of die centerline for Palomar Airport Road, Ground visibUity was excellent, as vegetation was generaUy sparse along the roadway due to grading and agricultural activity, AU areas were carefuUy examined for cultural debris, and road cuts and drainages were checked for indications of subsurface archaeological deposits. 3.2 SURVEY RESULTS Field survey resulted in the relocation of archaeological sites W-117 and SDi-8692. Portions of these sites were encountered within the proposed improvement corridor. Culmral debris from W-117 was confined to a light surface scatter (approximately 50 fragments) of marine shellfish debris on the north and south sides of Palomar Auport Road. Remains from SDi-8692 were Umited to sheUfish debris and a bifacial mano fragment (coUected). SheU fragments from SDi-8692 were found on bodi sides of Palomar Airport Road. There were no new archaeological sites identified during the survey. The relocation of SDi-8692 and W-117 served to increase die recorded areal extent for these two sites and to confirm the information on the site record forms. SECTION 4 IMPACTS AND RECOMENDATIONS The field survey and records search yielded the presence of portions of two previously recorded archaeological sites within tiie proposed project area. These sites are recorded as scatters of shellfish, with a limited number of Uthic artifacts noted at one of die locales. Bodi sites have been dismrbed by agriculttiral activity and constmction associated witii Palomar Airport Road, Under CEQA Guidelines, die portions of SDi-8692 and W- 117 which extend within the project boundaries are not considered significant, as site integrity has been compromised and site content is not unusual or substantiative. The combination of these existing conditions define these sites as non-significant cultural resource areas. 4.1 IMPACTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS As SDi-8692 and W-117 are identified as non-significant cultural resource areas, neither impacts nor mitigation of impacts need to be addressed under CEQA (amended 1984). No further wOTk is recommended or requked for the portions of these sites which faU within the anticipated impaa zone fOT Palomar Airport Road improvements. The attached paleontological report identifies potential impacts to paleontological resources adjacent to Palomar Auport Road. Specific measures will need to be imple- mented priOT to and during constraction in OTder to mitigate impacts. REFERENCES Gross, Tim and Mary Robbins-Wade 1987 Site recOTd form for W-117. King, Thomas F., Michael Moratto, and N. Nelson Leonard 1973 Recommended procedures fOT archaeological impact evaluation. University of California Archaeological Survey and Society of CaUfomia Archaeology. Hatiey, M. Jay 1979 Site record forms fOT SDi-8692 and SDi-8693. Rogers. Malcom n.d. Site record form for W-117. ScoviU, Douglas, Hariand J. Gordon, and Keith M. Henderson 1972 GuideUnes for the preparation of statements of environmental impact on archaeological resources. National Park Service, Tucson, Arizona. PALEO^BERVICES P.O. BOX 33671 ^h!^/^ SAN DIEGO,CA 92103 18 June 19S7 Ms. Da 1 e Che»vers — Westec Services, Inc. 5510 Morehouse Drive San Diego, Cft 9£1£1-1709 REi Paleontological Resources; Palomar ftirport Road Dear Dales This letter report represents a summary of my findings concern!ng t he pa1eont olog i ca1 resource pot entlal a1ong the Palomar ftirport Road improvement right-of-way, Carlsbad, California. This assessment is based upon a review of published geological reports (Eisenberg, 1985), published paleontological reports (6olz 197&, Golz and Lillegraven 1977), unpublished paleontological resource assessment report s (Car1sbad Ranch), and museum pa1eont olog i ca1 locality records (U.C. Berkeley—Museum of Paleontology, and San Diego Natural History Museum—Department of Paleontology), In addition, an in-field survey of the project site was carried out on 9 June 1987 by Mark ft. Roeder of PaleoServices. EX1st i no Cond iti ons Physiography— The Palomar ftirport Road improvement right-of-way is located along the northern margin of Canyon de las Encinas between Paseo del Norte on the west and Palomar Oaks Way on the east. The existing two lane roadway involves numerous low road cuts and limited fill slopes and bisects the mouths of a series of north—south trending tributary canyons (and their intervening ridges). Much of the right—of—way is either paved or heavily vegetated, leaving only some roadcuts and steeper canyon slopes to provide a view of the underlying geological bedrock deposits. Seology- fts summarized on the Encinitas, Cft, 7.5' USBS quadrangle geologic map of Eisenberg (1985) and the San Luis Rey, Ca 7.5* USGS quadrangle geologic map of Wilson (1972) the general geology along the right—of—way consists of a "layer cake** couplet of Eocene and Pleistocene marine and terrestrial sedimentary format ions. From oldest to youngest this geologic series consists of Middle Eocene—aged (4>5 million years old) sedimentary rocks of the Santiago Formation <^ Delmar and Scripps formations of Eisenberg 1985) and Late Pleistocene-aged (approximately £00 to 500 thousand years old) sedimentary rocks of the Sweitzer Formation (•> Lindavista Formation of other workers). In terms of lithology the Santiago Formation consists of light colored sandstones and siltstones thought to have been deposited within an Eocene river/estuary system (Eisenberg 1985). The Sweitzer Formation in contrast consists of rust—red and gray sandstones and conglomerates and was deposited on a Late Pleistocene elevated wave—cut platform (sea floor). The spacial distribution of these various geologic "layers" is summarized on the geological map of Eisenberg (1985) and can be used to determine the bedrock geology of particular areas along the right—of—way. This becomes important from a planning stand point when it is realized that the distribution of paleontological resources (fossils) in an area is directly related to the distribution of the geologic layers within which the fossils are buried. Paleontology- Museum locality records do not document any known fossil localities within the right-of-way, however a potentially fossil—rich site was discovered during the field walkover in a roadcut exposure of the Eocene—aged Santiago Formation (station A£-f-50> • This site produced large fragments of fossil mammal bones on a weathered cut slope. EIR related paleontological salvage work conducted during development of the ftirport Business Center at Palomar Oaks Way (March 1986) resulted in the recovery of abundant, well preserved, marine invertebrate fossils (mostly clams and snails) and rare, marine vertebrates (sharks rays and bony fishes) from the Santiago Formation. It is i mport ant t o po i nt out t h at many foss i1 sit es presently onrecord in San Diego have been discovered only during residential development activities or during highway and freeway construction projects. This close correlation between fossil sites and construction is due to the fact that surface weathering quickly destroys most fossil materials. It is not until fresh unweathered exposures are made by grading that well preserved fossils can often be recovered. ftlso because of the amount of grading proposed for some sites, odds are increased that the grading will unearth rich fossi1 horizons. Carlsbad has several good examples of construction- related fossil discoveries beginning with the discoveries at •Laguna Riviera back in the 1970's and continuing to the recent important finds unearthed along the College Boulevard extension, north and west of the airport. Knowing the past fossil potential of a particular geological "layer" in one area is a reliable method for determining the resource potential of that same "layer" in other perhaps unexplored areas- Based upon the published literature and upon recent fossil discoveries in the Carlsbad area the Santiago Formation is potentially fossiliferous almost everywhere it occurs. Most of the fossils known from this formation are terrestrial vertebrates (turtles, lizards, birds, rodents, carnivores, tapirs, and primitive deei—like and camel-like animals), although marine invertebrates (clams and snails) are also known. The Sweitzer Formation has produced fossils from only « very few areas. Most notable are localities in the Tierra Santa area of San Diego. The geology of the Sweitzer Formation along the right-of-way is very similar to that at Tierra Santa. In both areas this formation is represented by ancient beach and sea cliff deposits. ftlthough no fossils are known from the Sweitzer Formation in north county it is quite possible that fresh unweatherd exposures of this rock unit would produce fossil remains. The ancient beach and sea cliff deposits along the proposed right-of—way are important for another, strictly geologic reason in that they have been selected as the type locality for the Palomar Terrace of Eisenberg (1985). This means that the roadcut exposures on the north side of Palomar ftirport Road where it crosses the ancient beach ridge (stations 3A to 39), provide the best example of the internal structure of this ridge and associated marine terrace. These roadcut exposures also provide an excellent view of the contact between the Pleistocene beach deposits and the underlying Eocene sedimentary rocks. To summarize, the Santiago Formation on.the project site has a high potential for yielding significant paleontological resources. In addition, the Sweitzer Formation on the project site besides having a moderate pot ent i a1 for produc i ng pa1eont o1og i ca1 resources, represents the type locality of the Palomar Terrace. Impact ftnalvsis With these basic assumptions in mind concerning the paleontological resource potential of the two geological rock uni t s (format i ons) d i scussed above, it is suggest ed that widening of Palomar ftirport Road will result in impacts to significant paleontological resources (principally the fossiliferous deposits of the Santiago Formation). These impacts will occur when mass grading operations cut into thE fossil-bearing layers in the Santiago and Sweitzer format a ons. Ml t i oat i on Measures Mitigation of the impacts discussed above can be insured by implementing the following measures: C13 Prior to issuance of a mass-grading permit the developer should present a letter to the City of Carlsbad indicating that a qualified paleontologist has been retained to carry out the resource mitigation. (ft qualified paleontologist is defined as an individual with a MS or Phd in paleontology or geology who is familar with pa1eont o1og i ca1 proced ures and t echni ques.) CS3 Prior to grading, a limited pregrade salvage of the fossil site discovered at station 42+50 should be carried out to collect all exposed fossil remains. C33 ft qualified paleontologist should be at the pre- grade meeting to consult with the grading and excavation cont ract ors. C43 ft paleontological monitor should be onsite at all times during the original cutting of previously undisturbed sediments of the Santiago Formation to inspect cuts for contained fossils. Periodic inspections of cuts involving the Sweitzer Formation is also recommended. (fl paleontological monitor is defined as an individual who has experience in the collection and salvage of fossil mat er i a1s. The pa1eont olog i ca1 mon i t or shou1d work under the direction of a qualified paleontologist.> CS3 In the event that wel1—preserved fossils are discovered, the paleontologist (or paleontological monitor) should be allowed to temporarily direct, divert, or halt grading to allow recovery of fossil remains in a- timely manner. Because of the high potential for the recovering of small fossil remains such as isolated mammal teeth, it will be necessary to set up a screen-washing operation on the site. C&3 Fossi1 remains col1ected during this salvage program should be cleaned, sorted, and cataloged and then with the owner's permission, deposited in a scientific institution with paleontological collections such as the San Oiego Natural History Museum. C73 The scientifically important roadcut' exposures along the north side of Palomar ftirport Road (stations 34 to 39) should be protected from destruction by leaving them unplanted and free standing. This does not mean that grading cannot take place in this area only that if new cuts are made they should not be covered by plants or concrete. This will insure that future generations of geologiast and paleontologists will be able to view and study the type locality of the Palomar Terrace. In summary, the project site possesses a high paleontological resource potential. Development of the site will result in impacts to these resources. The measures proposed above will insure proper mitigation of these impacts. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions concerning my findings. Sincerely yours, Thomas ft. Demeri Pa1eoServ i ces (&19)232-0&£5 mt REFERENCES Eisenberg, L. I. 1985. Pleistocene faults and marine terraces, northern San Diego County, pp.87—91. in P. L. Abbott (ed.). On the Manner of Deposition of the Eocene Strata in Northern San Diego County. San Diego ftssociation of Geologists. Field Trip Guidebook. Golz, D. J. 1976. Eocene firtiodactyla of southern Califomia. Natural History Museum of Los ftngeles County Science Bulletin £8il-85. Golz, D. J. and J. fl. Lillegraven. 1977. Summary of known occurrences of terrestrial vertebrates frora Eocene strata of southem Califomia. Contributions to Geology University of Wyoming 15(l}:43-65. Wilson, K. L. 1972. Eocene and related geology of a portion of the San Luis Rey and Encinitas quadrangles, San Diego County, Califomia. unpublished Master's thesis. University of California, Riverside. 135 p. ro UJ -5 >-o O O iLl o UJ Ul O UJ UJ ± < 01 o < UJ U- < CO 7g J. o z < UJ z UJ o UJ o o z < a: o z < €0 1^ UJ UJ -J o M o o. « c o E N c o « « ±: « o as u Q. ooo Q. t • u a O . O g 3 S h ^ 10 o • » • 2 - - - t c c c o o o o o S I o . -B 2 ^ o I S S ^ e u. li. » O « ^ u - M O E £0= 3E^=r5-5£-Srii -o'S^O'o.hw-^goo .hSoCisspSSss flQZa.ZOffiSoi-(A(o 2 CO CO o •2 1 It |5 §1 J? o c 3 O E w £ O. w U CO c O « := c o 2 E « J5 o c ^ 5« Q. >* i •2" S o »- u- "O O .O w (n H < o E SJI o SEE as o o £ E E o « c I- Q Q OOOOOOOOOOOOO l-HH-l-l-HI-h- CO UJ •J CD 0) mm.:.. o