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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCT 04-26; Robertson Ranch PA 16, 17, 18; STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN; 2008-01-18STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN For ROBERTSON RANCH PA 16,17 & 18 C.T. 04-26 RECEIVED JAN 28 2008 ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT Prepared: March 22, 2007 Revised: December, 2007 Revised: January, 2008 JN 01-1014/18 Prepared By: O'DAY CONSULTANTS 2710 Loker Avenue West, Suite 100 Carlsbad, CA 92008 George O'l 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN For ROBERTSON RANCH PA 16,17 & 18 C.T. 04-26 Prepared: March 22, 2007 Revised: December, 2007 Revised: January, 2008 JN 01-1014/18 Prepared By: O'DAY CONSULTANTS 2710 Loker Avenue West, Suite 100 Carlsbad, CA 92008 George O'Dayc/RCE32014 ( Date 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc Exp. 12/31/08 TABLE OF CONTENTS 0.0 REGULATORY BACKGROUND 1 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1 1.1 Hydrologic Unit Contribution 2 1.2 Beneficial Uses 2 2.0 CHARACTERIZATION OF PROJECT RUNOFF 3 2.1 Soil Characteristics 3 2.2 Potential Discharges 3 3.0 MITIGATION MEASURES TO PROTECT WATER QUALITY ....4 3.1 Site Design BMPs 4 3.2 Source Control BMPs 6 3.3 Individual Priority Project Categories 10 3.4 Treatment Control BMPs 10 3.5 Construction BMPs 12 4.0 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM 13 Attachments: 1. Vicinity map 2. Beneficial uses for the hydrologic unit 3. 303(D) list for impaired water bodies 4. Table 2: Anticipated and potential pollutants Storm Water Requirements Applicability Checklist 5. Table 1: Storm Water BMP Requirements Matrix 6. Exhibits: Proposed Condition Hydrology Exhibit Storm Water Management Plan Exhibit 7. Site Design BMPs 8. Source Control BMPs 9. Treatment Control BMPs 10. Operation and Maintenance of BMPs 11. Inlet Filter Standard Specifications 12. Curb Inlet Filter Sizing Calculations 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc 0.0 REGULATORY BACKGROUND This Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP) has been prepared in accordance with Order No. 2001-01 of the California Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) San Diego Region 9, the City of Carlsbad Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) requirements, the City of Carlsbad Engineering Standards, and the San Diego County Drainage Design Manual, 2005. The purposes of this SWMP and the separate Hydrology Study are to identify potential pollutant sources and risks to storm water quality and hydrologic conditions of concern due to the proposed PA 16, 17, and 18 residential developments (the project). This Preliminary SWMP provides guidelines in developing and incorporating Best Management Practices (BMPs), designed to protect storm water quality and mitigate potential adverse impacts to storm water runoff. The proposed construction activities will disturb greater than one acre of land, therefore the project is subject to the General Construction National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit and the owner/contractor filed a Notice of Intent (NOI) with the RWQCB and developed and implemented a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) to address construction activities prior to breaking ground. This project is designated as a High Priority construction site under the City of Carlsbad Jurisdictional Urban Runoff Management Program (JURMP). This Preliminary SWMP addresses anticipated and potential impacts due to the land development activities associated with the PA 16, 17, and 18 proposed residential developments in the City of Carlsbad, California and establishes permanent BMPs designed to mitigate impacts to receiving water bodies and downstream sensitive receptors. 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION Robertson Ranch is a proposed project by McMillin Land Development Located in the City of Carlsbad (See Vicinity Map, Attachment 1). The site consists of parcel 1 of adjustment plat no. 01-13 filed in the Office of the County Recorder as file No.2001-0865064 on Nov. 12, 2001, and the remainder parcel of parcel map No. 19804 recorded August 3, 2005 as file no. 2005- 0659805. The easterly portion of Robertson Ranch is named the East Village, and is immediately north of the Rancho Carlsbad Mobile Home Park (RCMHP) and west of College Boulevard. Cannon Road is aligned in an east-west direction near the southerly boundary of the East Village. PA 16, 17& 18 is a part of the East Village that consists of single-family residential units and open public lots. 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc 1.1 Hydrologic Unit Contribution The project is located in the Los Monos Hydrologic Subarea (HSA) (904.31) of the Agua Hedionda Watershed in the Carlsbad Hydrologic Unit (HU) in the San Diego Region. Tables showing beneficial uses from the San Diego Water Quality Control Plan are included in Attachment 2. Under existing conditions, storm runoff from the East Village flows in a southerly direction to Calavera Creek, which is located along the boundary of the East Village and RCMHP. Under proposed conditions, storm runoff is collected into two major storm drain systems. Storm water runoff will travel through these systems and will be released into the 84" pipe located within Cannon Road. This pipe travels southwest along Cannon Road. Low flows from the 84-inch diameter pipe will discharge to the proposed vegetated swale located at PA 20. 1.2 Beneficial Uses The beneficial uses for the HU are included in Attachment 2. Aqua Hedionda Creek has existing beneficial use for Municipal and Domestic, Agricultural, Industrial Service Supply, Contact and Non-contact Recreation, Warm Fresh Water Habitat, and Wildlife Habitat. The Aqua Hedionda Lagoon has existing beneficial use for Industrial Service Supply, Contact and Non-contact Recreation, Commercial and Sport Fishing, Estuarine Habitat, Wildlife Habitat, Rare, Threatened or Endangered Species, Marine Habitat, Aquaculture, Migration of Aquatic Organisms and Shellfish Harvesting. The applicable definitions are given below. This information comes from the Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin. MUN - Municipal and Domestic Supply: Includes uses for community, military, or individual water supply systems including, but not limited to, drinking water supply. AGR - Agricultural Supply: Includes uses of water for farming, horticulture, or ranching including, but not limited to, irrigation, stock watering, or support of vegetation for range grazing. IND - Industrial Service Supply: Includes uses of water for industrial activities that do not depend primarily on water quality including, but not limited to, mining, cooling water supply, hydraulic conveyance, gravel washing, fire protection, or oil-well repressurization. REC 1 -Contact Recreation: Includes uses of water for recreational activities involving body contact with water, where ingestion of water is reasonably possible. These uses include, but are not limited to, swimming, wading, water-skiing, skin and SCUBA diving, surfing, white water activities, fishing, or use of natural hot springs. REC 2 -Non-Contact Recreation: Includes the uses of water for recreational activities involving proximity to water, but not normally involving body contact with water, where ingestion of water is reasonably possible. These include, but are not limited to, picnicking, sunbathing, hiking, camping, boating, tide pool and marine life study, hunting, sightseeing, or aesthetic enjoyment in conjunction with the above activities. COMM - Commercial and Sport Fishing: Includes the uses of water for commercial or recreational collection of fish, shellfish, or other organisms including, but not limited to, uses involving organisms intended for human consumption or bait purposes. WARM - Warm Freshwater Habitat: Includes uses of water that support warm water ecosystems including, but not limited to, preservation or enhancement of aquatic habitats, vegetation, fish, or wildlife, including invertebrates. 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc EST - Estuarine Habitat: Includes the uses of water that support estuarine ecosystems including, but not limited to, preservation or enhancement of estuarine habitats, vegetation, fish, or wildlife (e.g., estuarine mammals, waterfowl, shorebirds). MAR -Marine Habitat: Includes uses of water that support marine ecosystems including, but not limited to, preservation or enhancement or marine habitats, vegetation such as kelp, fish, shellfish, or wildlife (e.g., marine mammals, shorebirds). WILD -Wildlife Habitat: Includes uses of water that support terrestrial ecosystems including but not limited to, preservation and enhancement of terrestrial habitats, vegetation, wildlife, (e.g., mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates), or wildlife water food and sources. RARE - Rare, Threatened, or Endangered Species: Includes uses of water that support habitats necessary, at least in part, for the survival and successful maintenance of plant or animal species established under state or federal law as rare, threatened or endangered. AQUA - Aquaculture: Includes the use of water for aquaculture or mariculture operations including, but not limited to, propagation, cultivation, maintenance, or harvesting of aquatic plants and animals for human consumption or bait purposes. MIGR -Migration of Aquatic Organisms: Includes uses of water that support habitats necessary for migration, acclimatization between fresh and salt water, or other temporary activities by aquatic organisms, such as anadromous fish. SHELL - Shellfish Harvesting: Includes uses of water that support habitats suitable or the collection of filter-feeding shellfish (e.g., clams, oysters, and mussels) for human consumption, commercial, or sport purposes. 2.0 CHARACTERIZATION OF PROJECT RUNOFF According to the Proposed 2006 CWA Section 303(d) list approved by the RWQCB (Attachment 3), Agua Hedionda Lagoon is an impaired water body due to bacteria indicators and sediment/siltation. Agua Hedionda Creek has impairment for manganese, selenium, sulfates and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). Sites tributary to clean water act section 303(d) water bodies require additional BMP implementation. 2.1 Soil Characteristics A soils report for the site has been prepared by GeoSoils, Inc. titled "Geotechnical Evaluation of the Robertson Ranch Property, City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California." on January 29, 2002. The project area is comprised mainly of soils classified as hydrologic group D. Type D soils typically have a very slow infiltration rate (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of clay soils that have a high shrink and swell potential, soils that have a permanent high water table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. These soils have a very slow rate of water transmission. 2.2 Potential Discharges The project will contain some pollutants commonly found on similar developments that could affect water quality. The following list is taken from Table 2 of the City of Carlsbad's Storm 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc Water Standards Manual (Attachment 4). It includes anticipated pollutants for attached residential developments, detached residential developments, streets, and parking lots. 1. Sediment discharge (Agua Hedionda Lagoon Impairment) 2. Nutrients from fertilizers 3. Heavy metals 4. Organic compounds 5. Trash and debris 6. Oxygen demanding substances 7. Oil and grease from paved areas 8. Bacteria and viruses (Agua Hedionda Lagoon Impairment) 9. Pesticides from landscaping and home use 3.0 MITIGATION MEASURES TO PROTECT WATER QUALITY To address water quality for the project, BMPs will be implemented during construction and post construction. Required BMPs are selected from Table 1: Storm Water BMP requirements Matrix, of the City of Carlsbad's Storm Water Standards Manual (Attachment 5). 3.1 Site Design BMPs Site Design BMPs have been incorporated into the project conceptual model in order to become permanent mitigation measures devised to protect water quality and minimize generation of the anticipated pollutant materials and contact of these pollutants with storm water runoff. Site design BMPs incorporated into the proposed PA 16, 17, and 18 developments include: • Maintain Pre-Development Rainfall Runoff Characteristics • Minimize Impervious Footprint • Conserve Natural Areas • Minimize Directly Connected Impervious Areas • Maximize Canopy Interception and Water Conservation Consistent with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual • Convey Runoff Safely From Tops of Slopes • Vegetate Slopes with Natural or Drought Tolerant Vegetation MAINTAIN PRE-DEVELOPMENT RUNOFF CHARACTERISTICS This Site Design BMP entails controlling post development peak storm water discharge at the rate and velocity of the pre-developed condition. The PA 16, 17, and 18 project has been designed to preserve the existing drainage characteristics to the maximum extent practicable. Runoff generally flows from north to south in the existing drainage configuration. The proposed conditions will preserve this drainage pattern as water courses are designed to flow generally north to south. The total storm water discharges are predicted to increase with developed conditions as indicated in the Drainage Study for Robertson Ranch PA 16, 17, and 18. The increases in flow are to be mitigated by the proposed vegetated swale designed to treat the 85th percentile storm event. 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc MINIMIZE IMPERVIOUS FOOTPRINT The purpose of this BMP is to reduce the square footage of areas where water runoff is unable to infiltrate into the soil and naturally filter out pollutants including sediment, nutrients, heavy metals, and oil and grease. These areas include impenetrable surfaces such as asphalt parking lots, building rooftops, and paved street surfaces The proposed design of the PA 16, 17, and 18 residential development utilizes this site design BMP by incorporating landscaped pervious buffer zones adjacent to parking lots, near each proposed residence and on both sides of access driveways and streets. A minimum of 25% of the proposed driveways will be "Pasadena" driveways, consisting of two concrete strips with lawn or other groundcover in between will be utilized to minimize the impervious footprint. CONSERVE NATURAL AREAS The purpose of this BMP is to preserve the unique topographic, hydrologic, and vegetative features of the undisturbed land. The PA 16, 17, and 18 project proposed hydrology condition utilizes the existing topographic features to maintain drainage corridors. The site is designed to cluster residences on the least-sensitive portions of the site while leaving existing environmentally sensitive areas in a natural undisturbed condition. According to the Robertson Ranch Master Plan 72.4 acres of land will be designated for open space in the East Village. The Robertson Ranch PA 16, 17, and 18 development maintains this land use designation for the East Village as PA 23D, 23E, and 23F are designated open space preserves consisting of 30.4, 39.7, and 2.3 acres respectively. These planning areas constitute the 72.4 acres designated for open space by the Robertson Ranch Master Plan. MINIMIZE DIRECTLY CONNECTED IMPERVIOUS AREAS The purpose of this site design BMP is to disperse runoff water from impermeable surfaces into pervious landscaped buffer zones in order to maximize infiltration, minimize runoff volume and velocities and allow pollutants such as sediment, nutrients, heavy metals, pesticides, and oil and grease, to be absorbed by plant roots and soil particles. Areas where direct runoff from impervious surfaces including sidewalks, parking lots, rooftops, walkways, and patios are proposed are to be broken up by landscape planters, lawns, and vegetative cover. The landscape pervious buffer zones have been incorporated around the proposed paved parking lots, around the foot of the building structures including paved driveways and walkways, and on both sides of the proposed streets. The site design incorporates non-contiguous sidewalks so that landscape buffer zones border the proposed streets. Additionally no roof drains will be directly connected to under sidewalk drains. Roof top drains will be diverted into the adjacent landscaping in accordance with CASQA SD-11: Roof Runoff Control (see Attachment 7). MAXIMIZE CANOPY INTERCEPTION AND WATER CONSERVATION CONSISTENT WITH THE CARLSBAD LANDSCAPE MANUAL The purpose of this BMP is to ensure adequate vegetative cover of pervious areas and to limit water usage to prevent non-storm water discharges generated by over irrigation, consistent with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual. The site will utilize the planting of additional native or drought tolerant trees in place of non-drought tolerant exotic species in order to reduce the demand for artificial irrigation, and the use of fertilizers and pesticides. The PA 16, 17, and 18 residential developments will utilize this BMP by having the landscape architect utilize the applicable City of Carlsbad Landscape Manual and any other applicable City of Carlsbad Standards. 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc CONVEY RUNOFF SAFELY FROM TOPS OF SLOPES This Site Design BMP entails adequate design of engineering drainage controls to prevent initiation of the erosion process generated by concentrated flows. This BMP is particularly critical on steep slopes, which tend to be more susceptible to erosion due to formation of rills and gullies. The site design has incorporated this BMP by proposing underground storm water conveyance structures or concrete brow ditches designed to collect runoff water at the tops of slopes. These structural conveyances carry concentrated flows safely down the steepest slopes, utilizing energy dissipaters at the outfall to prevent scour and erosion. PLANT SLOPES WITH NATURAL OR DROUGHT TOLERANT VEGETATION This Site Design BMP entails utilizing native or drought tolerant vegetation where practicable, consistent with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual. It is paramount to ensure adequate vegetative cover of steep slopes to prevent erosion process and sediment transport. Exposed slopes will be planted with deep-rooted vegetation to maximize slope stability, prevent erosion, and maintain aesthetic appeal. Vegetation appropriate for Southern California's warm, dry climate conditions will be selected, to minimize demand on artificial irrigation, and the need for fertilizer and pesticide applications. The PA 16, 17, and 18 project architects will design vegetative cover for steep slopes in accordance with the City of Carlsbad Landscape Manual and City of Carlsbad Engineering Standards. 3.2 Source Control BMPs Source control pollution prevention methods are designed to prevent the contact of pollutant loads with storm water runoff. These BMPs are the most critical line of defense against storm water pollution because they prevent the need for more expensive and generally less effective treatment control measures. Source controls include both structural and non-structural BMPs. Maintaining adequate source control BMPs requires the development and implementation of a comprehensive operation and maintenance (O&M) program to ensure that BMPs continue to function properly and that structural integrity is not compromised by natural degradation. The proposed O&M program is discussed in detail in section 4.0 of this report and includes non- structural BMPs. STRUCTURAL BMPS Structural BMPs are engineering controls installed en situ that prevent storm runoff from contacting urban pollutants. The following structural source control BMPS have been incorporated into this project: • Design Trash Storage Areas to Reduce Pollution Introduction • Use Efficient Irrigation Systems and Landscape Design • Provide Storm Water Conveyance System Stenciling and Signage 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc DESIGN TRASH STORAGE AREAS This Source Control BMP entails designing trash storage areas to reduce pollution introduction. Trash storage areas will be built according to the City of Carlsbad Standard Drawing GS-16 (Attachment 7). These areas will be paved with an impervious surface, retrofitted with a drain that diverts runoff away from the enclosure and into the pervious landscaped area. The enclosure will be screened and walled to prevent off-site transport of trash. Trash containers will contain attached lids that exclude rain to minimize direct precipitation. Alternatively, the trash enclosure can contain a roof or awning to minimize direct contact with precipitation. The PA 16, 17, and 18 residential communities will not require construction of waste enclosures to house large dumpster bins as residents will utilize residential garbage bins, recycling containers, and trash collection services. USE EFFICIENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS AND LANDSCAPE DESIGN This Source Control BMP entails utilizing rain shutoff devices to prevent irrigation during precipitation and this requires all landscaping architecture to be designed per the Carlsbad Landscape Manual. Landscape architects will utilize this Source Control BMP in the PA 16, 17, and 18 development plans by designing the irrigation system to automatically adjust watering volumes according to seasonal schedules and to prevent over-watering. Sprinkler heads will be directed to spray on the landscaped area to prevent non-storm water discharges. The system will be inspected and repaired regularly to prevent broken lines that may discharge volumes of water to the storm drains. In addition, site irrigation will also be designed in accordance with CASQA SD-10: Site Design and Landscape Planning. A copy of this has been provided in Attachment 7. PROVIDE STENCILING AND SIGNAGE This Source Control BMP entails providing storm drain inlets with graphics, symbols, or wording designed to warn the public against illegally dumping materials into storm drains. This shall be done by providing concrete stamping, porcelain tile, insert permanent marking or approved equivalent as approved by the City of Carlsbad, of all storm drain conveyance system inlets and catch basins within the project area with prohibitive language (i.e. "No Dumping - I Live Downstream") satisfactory to the City Engineer. The locations of the proposed storm drain stencils are shown on the Preliminary Storm Water Management Plan Exhibit in Attachment 6. The PA 16, 17, and 18 project will utilize this Source Control BMP in accordance with CASQA SD-13: Storm Drain Stenciling. A copy of the BMP fact sheet is provided in Attachment 7. NON-STRUCTURAL BMPS Non-structural BMPs consist of practices, policies, and procedures designed to prevent the contact of urban pollutants with storm water runoff. These pollution prevention methods are generally the more effective methods because they reduce the reliance on treatment controls by reducing pollutant loads in runoff water. Non-structural BMPs will be incorporated into the comprehensive O&M program as outlined in section 4.0 of this report. Non-structural, behavior- based BMPs are generally the most efficient as well as, cost-effective pollution prevention mechanism. The following non-structural source control BMPS have been incorporated into this project: • Educational Materials 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc • Good Housekeeping Practices • Landscape Maintenance • Street Sweeping and Vacuuming • Vehicle Maintenance • Vehicle Washing • Waste Management EDUCATIONAL MATERIALS This Source Control BMP entails providing educational materials to the residents of the PA 16, 17, and 18 Tentative Map. The proposed development will also provide the following City of Carlsbad Educational Pamphlets from the City of Carlsbad Storm Water Protection Program: • General Storm Water BMPs • Automotive Repair • Automotive Repair (Spanish) • Car Washing • Commercial & Industrial General BMPs • Concrete & Mortar Projects • Lawn & Garden Care • Lawn & Garden Care (Spanish) • Motor Oil • Pet Waste • Power Washing • Restaurants • Restaurants (Spanish) • Swimming Pools, Fountains & Spas Copies of these items can be found on the City of Carlsbad Website and are provided in Attachment 8 for reference. GOOD HOUSEKEEPING PRACTICES Housekeeping practices promote efficient storage, use, and cleanup when handling potential pollutant materials such as fertilizers, pesticides, home cleaning products, paint products, automotive products, and swimming pool chemicals. Residents will be educated via pamphlets to buy only the amount of materials needed for the job, and to look for alternative environmentally friendly products to replace more harmful ones. Work areas will be kept clean and orderly, and debris will removed in a timely fashion. All wash water, sweepings, and sediment will be properly disposed in accordance with NPDES requirements. Residents will be encouraged to recycle products including glass, metal, paper, cardboard, and automotive fluids. Pamphlets from the City of Carlsbad Storm Water Protection Program regarding general BMPs are included in Attachment 8. LANDSCAPE MAINTENANCE Landscape maintenance activities will be conducted in accordance with the City of Carlsbad Landscape Manual. Landscape maintenance activities include vegetation removal, herbicide, insecticide, and fertilizer application, watering and other gardening and lawn care practices. 8 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc These activities can generate pollutants including, sediment, nutrients, fertilizers, and pesticides when not properly managed. Contractors properly trained to handle, store, and dispose of chemical applications in accordance with local, state and federal regulations will be employed to conduct landscape maintenance activities. Landscape contractors are also responsible for collection and proper disposal of clippings, cuttings, and leaves and for proper maintenance, inspection, and repair of irrigation systems to prevent leaks and non-storm water discharge. STREET SWEEPING AND VACUUMING In the City of Carlsbad, street sweeping is conducted bi-monthly by the Public Works Street Maintenance crew. The City of Carlsbad provides regular training of maintenance crews to ensure adherence to storm water management protocol and compliance with the Municipal Storm Water Ordinance. In addition, street sweeping vehicles receive routine maintenance, cleaning and materials are properly disposed to ensure mechanical functioning of equipment. VEHICLE MAINTENANCE Automotive repair and maintenance activities generate pollutants including automotive fluids, oil and grease, antifreeze, and volatile organics. Residents will be encouraged to have major vehicle repair and maintenance work completed at commercial automotive shops. Residents who conduct minor repair work, at home will be required to keep vehicles within an enclosed structure such as a garage, and to use drip pans and dry absorbent material to clean spills and leaks. All automotive fluids must be properly disposed according to local, state, and federal regulations. The property owner will be responsible for reporting violators to the municipality, state or federal regulators. Educational pamphlets regarding automotive repair BMPs are included in Attachment 8. VEHICLE WASHING Vehicle washing activities generate non-storm water discharges that can carry sediments, oil and grease, metals, and detergents to the storm drain system. Residents will be encouraged to use commercial car wash facilities equipped with collection systems designed to properly treat and dispose of wastewater. The property owner will be responsible for notifying residents that vehicle washing activities, which contribute to a violation of water quality standards is a violation of the Municipal Storm Water Ordinance. Educational pamphlets regarding BMPs for vehicle washing are included in Attachment 8. WASTE COLLECTION Waste handling and disposal has the potential to generate trash, debris, and sediment pollutants. Waste materials will be collected by the City of Carlsbad Waste Management to ensure proper handling and disposal of waste materials. Residents will be responsible for segregating waste in appropriate recycling bins, keeping waste bin lids closed and keeping waste storage areas clean and free of debris. Waste collection will be conducted once per week. 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc 3.3 Individual Priority Project Categories HILLSIDE LANDSCAPING The City of Carlsbad Storm Water Standards requires that hillside areas disturbed by project development shall be landscaped with deep-rooted, drought tolerant plant species selected for erosion control, in accordance with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual. The PA 16, 17, and 18 developments will incorporate this priority project category BMP by ensuring that all pervious areas are covered with landscape vegetation suitable for the climate and that all slopes steeper than 5% are planted with deep-rooted plants. Hillside landscaping shall be incorporated in accordance with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual, Section IIIB Slope Revegetation/Erosion Control, and landscape plans shall be prepared by a landscape architect or designer registered in the State of California. RESIDENTIAL DRIVEWAYS AND GUEST PARKING The City of Carlsbad Storm Water Standards requires residential driveways and guest parking be designed to have specific BMPs to mitigate pollutants. The PA 16, 17, and 18 proposed developments will address this BMP category by having shared access to driveways whenever practicable. In addition, driveways and parking areas will discharge to landscaped buffer zones, where feasible to ensure additional pollutant removal. SURFACE PARKING AREAS The City of Carlsbad Storm Water Standards requires that where landscaping is proposed in surface parking areas, landscaping shall be incorporated into the drainage design. The PA 16, 17, and 18 proposed parking lots are designed to drain into landscape buffer zones prior to discharging to storm drain inlets. Furthermore; all developed areas including parking lots will discharge to the proposed vegetated swale. This design feature will allow runoff water to partially infiltrate into the soil so that target pollutants such as heavy metals and oil and grease may absorb into soil particles and be filtered out by plant roots. RESIDENTIAL STREETS The City of Carlsbad Storm Water Standards requires that the design of private roadway drainage where appropriate, shall incorporate, to the extent practicable treatment control BMP methods approved by the City Engineer to reduce storm water runoff pollution. The PA 16, 17, and 18 proposed developments will address this priority project category with a proposed vegetated swale to be constructed at PA 20 (see Storm Water Management Plan Exhibit in Attachment 6). Runoff flow from the developed areas will be treated by a vegetated swale designed to filter pollutants including sediment, heavy metals, and oil and grease. 3.4 Treatment Control BMPs Treatment BMPs are engineering controls designed to remove pollutant loads from contaminated storm water runoff. These BMPs are generally less effective than source control measures and are considered the last line of defense for storm water pollution control. Treatment control BMPs can be effective at mitigating low levels of pollutants and are most successful when used in combination with site design, source control measures and in multiple treatment system stages. 10 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc The following treatment control BMPs have been incorporated into the design of the PA 16, 17, and 18 residential development in series to act as a multiple stage treatment system. • Pervious Vegetated Buffer Strips • Inlet Filters • Vegetated Swale PERVIOUS VEGETATED BUFFER STRIPS Pervious landscaped areas will act as vegetated buffer zones and will be the first in a chain of multiple phase treatment systems. Runoff from impervious areas will be diverted to planted sections where runoff water can infiltrate into pervious soils and be filtered by the subsurface matrix and plant roots. This design feature will reduce pollutant loads including heavy metals, nutrients, sediments, trash, bacteria, oil and grease, and organics. In addition these vegetated zones will act to mitigate peak runoff velocities and reduce runoff volumes. INLET FILTERS Inlet filters are typically manufactured screens or fabric placed in a drop inlet to remove sediment and debris. The PA 16, 17, and 18 proposed developments will utilize curb inlet baskets designed by Suntree Technologies, Inc. These drainage filters will be installed at every onsite curb inlet as shown on the SWMP Exhibit in Attachment 6. Curb inlet filters are effective in removing pollutants including chemical oxygen demanding substances, nitrates and phosphates typical of fertilizers, suspended solids, trash and debris, and grass clippings and leaves. Standard specifications for the Suntree Technologies, Inc. catch basin inserts are provided in Attachment 11. Curb inlet filter sizing calculations are included in Attachment 12. VEGETATED SWALE Vegetated swales are shallow open channels with a vegetated cover on the side slopes and base, designed to collect and convey runoff flow at low velocities to downstream discharge locations. Flow is filtered by plant roots in the channel, through the subsoil matrix, and by infiltration into the underlying soils. Targeted pollutants include sediment, nutrients, trash, metals, bacteria, oil and grease, and organics. The PA 16, 17, and 18 residential project has incorporated a vegetated swale design, which will treat discharges from the developed areas at the site. TREATMENT CONTROL BMP DESIGN STANDARDS Treatment Control BMPs shall be designed to infiltrate, filter, and/or treat runoff from the project footprint per the "Numeric Sizing Treatment Standards" as identified in the City of Carlsbad Engineering Standards and the San Diego County Hydrology Manual. Flow-based numeric sizing calculations for the proposed vegetated swale located southwest inside the PA 20 property boundary are included in the SWMP for Robertson Ranch East Village by O'Day Consultants, Inc. submitted to the City of Carlsbad on March 8, 2007. TREATMENT CONTROL BMP POLLUTANT REMOVAL EFFICIENCY Based on the pollutants of concern present from the project site and the removal efficiencies listed in Table 4: Structural Treatment Control BMP Selection Matrix, the Structural Treatment Control BMP with the most effective removal efficiencies for the PA 16, 17, and 18 developments are as follows: 11 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc • Biofilter/Vegetated buffer zones/Filtration • Inlet Filter • Biofilters/Vegetated Swale/Filtration Target Pollutant Sediment Nutrients Heavy Metals Organic Compounds Trash & Debris Oxygen Demanding Substances Bacteria Oil and Grease Pesticides Selected Treatment Control BMP B iofilter/Vegetated Buffer Zone M L M U L L U M U Inlet Filter H L L L H L L H L Vegetated Swale/ Filtration H M H M H M M H U L: Low removal efficiency M: Medium removal efficiency H: High removal efficiency Based on the removal efficiencies, the PA 16, 17, and 18 residential development proposed combination of source control and treatment control BMPs to be utilized at the site are adequate to mitigate the priority pollutant categories. The most effective means of storm water management involves a multi-faceted approach with an emphasis on site design, and source control BMPs. Treatment control BMPs are the last line of defense and cannot be relied upon solely to mitigate pollution. In order to more effectively mitigate the target pollutants a multiple stage treatment system including bio-filtration, inlet filters, and vegetated swale has been incorporated into the project design. Runoff water will first be diverted to landscaped buffer zones, which will help reduce runoff volumes and allow pollutants to absorb into soils. Downstream of the project site the discharge will flow through a vegetated swale designed to filter pollutants from runoff. The treatment engineering controls will be designed and installed in accordance with CASQA TC-31 Vegetated Buffer Strip, TC-30 Vegetated Swale, and CASQA TC-60: Multiple System Fact Sheet. A copy of the BMP fact sheets has been provided in Attachment 9. 3.5 Construction BMPs The following is a list of potential construction phase BMPs to be used. 1. Silt fence, fiber rolls, or gravel bag berms 2. Check dams 3: Street sweeping and vacuuming 4. Storm drain inlet protection 5. Stabilized construction entrance/exit 6. Vehicle and equipment maintenance, cleaning, and fueling 12 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc 7. Hydroseed, soil binders, or straw mulch 8. Material delivery and storage 9. Stockpile management 10. Spill prevention and control 11. Waste management for solid, liquid, hazardous and sanitary waste, contaminated soil. 12. Concrete waste management A SWPPP will be prepared and approved prior to issuance of a grading permit. Construction BMPs for this project will be selected, constructed, and maintained through the SWPPP to comply with all applicable ordinances and guidance documents. The approved SWPPP shall be implemented during the construction phase. 4.0 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PROGRAM An effective Operation & Maintenance (O&M) program, for the existing and proposed BMPs is essential to ensure optimum performance and to maintain compliance with the NPDES permits and the City of Carlsbad Municipal Code. The following table establishes the proposed maintenance actions, frequencies, responsible parties, and estimated annual cost for O&M of the selected BMPs. Additional BMP maintenance program fact sheets developed by the CASQA, are included in Attachment 10. Operation and Maintenance Program BMP Storm Drain Stenciling Street Sweeping and Vacuuming Waste Management Drainage Structures Landscape Maintenance Irrigation System Maintenance Integrated Pest Management Maintenance Activities Inspect, repair, replace storm drain stencils to ensure proper functioning Remove sediment, trash, and debris from paved surfaces Collect waste from trash enclosure for disposal Remove sediment, trash, and debris from curb gutters and inlets Routine grounds maintenance: remove weeds, ensure adequate ground cover Inspect and repair irrigation system, adjust watering volumes and frequency according to seasonal requirements Utilize eco-system based, biological pest control methods as an alternative to chemical pesticide applications Responsible Party Home Owners Association (HO A) City of Carlsbad Public Works Street Maintenance City of Carlsbad/ Waste Management HOA HOA HOA HOA Maintenance Frequency Semi- Annually, Before And after the wet season (Oct 1 thru April 30) Bi-monthly Weekly Semi-Annually, Before and after the wet season (Oct 1 thru April 30) Weekly Semi-Annually, Before and After the wet season (Oct 1 thru April 30) Weekly (as part of routine Landscape Maintenance Activities) Estimated Annual Cost $500.00 $1,000 $70,000-$75,000 $5,000 $180,000 -$200,000 $1,500.00 (Cost incorporated into Landscape Maintenance) 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc 13 Operation and Maintenance Program BMP Public Education Maintenance Activities Provide educational brochures and pamphlets to tenants and employees regarding storm water management Responsible Party HOA Maintenance Frequency Annually Estimated Annual Cost $500.00 QUALIFICATIONS OF MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL Operation and maintenance of treatment control BMPs will be conducted by persons qualified to maintain the integrity of engineering controls in accordance with the standards established by the Federal Clean Water Act (CWA), Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), SWRCB, RWQCB, and City of Carlsbad Engineering Standards, the Municipal Code, the County of San Diego Drainage Design Manual, and all other regulating agencies. It is the responsibility of the HOA to verify the qualifications of select personnel and to ensure compliance of BMPs with NPDES requirements. 14 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc ATTACHMENT 1 CITY OF OCEANSIDE HIGHWAY,-^ SITE VISTA NOT TO SCALE CITY OF SAN MARCOS PACIFIC OCEAN CITY OF ENCINITAS VICINITY MAP NO SCALE ATTACHMENT 2 Table 2-2. BENEFICIAL USES OF INLAND SURFACE WATERS Inland Surface Waters 1 2 Hydrologic Unit Basin Number BENEFICIAL USE M U N A G R I N D P R O C G W R F R S H P 0 W R E C 1 R E C 2 B I 0 L W A R M C 0 L D W I L D R A R E S P W N San Diego County Coastal Streams Loma Alta Creek Loma Alta Slough Buena Vista Lagoon Buena Vista Creek Buena Vista Creek Agua Hedionda ^"*Agua Hedionda CreeK^ Buena Creek Agua Hedionda Creek Letterbox canyon Canyon de las Encinas Cottonwood Creek Moonlight Creek 4.10 4.10 4.21 4.22 4.21 4.31 4.32 4.32 4.31 4.31 4.40 4.51 4.51 +O ••• See Coastal Waters - Table 2-3 See Coastal Waters - Table 2-3 + + • • • • • • • • • • • •• See Coastal Waters - Table 2-3 • • • • + + + • • • • • • • • • • • • • • O • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ^ Existing Beneficial Use O Potential Beneficial Use "I" Excepted from MUN (See Text) 1 Waterbodies are listed multiple times if they cross hydrologic area or sub area boundaries. 2 Beneficial use designations apply to all tributaries to the indicated waterbody, if not listed separately. Table 2-2 BENEFICIAL USES 2- 31 ATTACHMENT 3 Table 2-3. BENEFICIAL USES OF COASTAL WATERS Coastal Waters Pacific Ocean Dana Point Harbor Del Mar Boat Basin Mission Bay Oceanside Harbor San Diego Bay 1i3 Hydrologic Unit Basin Number BENEFICIAL USE I N D • N A V R E C 1 • R E C 2 • C o M M • B I 0 L E S T • W I L D • • • • R A R E • • • • M A R • • • • A Q U A M I G R • • • • • S P W N • • • • • W A R M S H E L L • • • • • • Coastal Lagoons Tijuana River Estuary Mouth of San Diego River Famosa Slough and Channel Los Penasquitos Lagoon 2 San Dieguito Lagoon Batiquitos Lagoon San Elijo Lagoon [Agua Hedionda LagooTT^^Si^- -j 11.11 7.11 7.11 6.10 5.11 4.51 4.61 4.31 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1 Includes the tidal prisms of the Otay and Sweetwater Rivers. 2 Fishing from shore or boat permitted, but other water contact recreational (REC-1) uses are prohibited. 3 The Shelter Island Yacht Basin portion of San Diego Bay is designated as an impaired water body for dissolved copper pursuant to Clean Water Act section 303(d). A Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) has been adopted to address this impairment. See Chapter 3, Water Quality Objectives for Pesticides, Toxicity and Toxic Pollutants and Chapter 4, Total Maximum Daily Loads. • Existing Beneficial Use Table 2-3 BENEFICIAL USES 2-52 ATTACHMENT 4 PROPOSED 2006 CWA SECTION 303(d) LIST OF WATER QUALITY LIMITED SEGMENTS SAN DIEGO REGIONAL BOARD SWRCB APPROVAL DATE: OCTOBER 25, 2006 REGION TYPE _ NAME R Agua Hedionda Creek" CALWATER WATERSHED POLLUTANT/STRESSOR POTENTIAL SOURCES 90431000 Manganese Selenium Source Unknown ESTIMATED PROPOSED TMDL SIZE AFFECTED COMPLETION 7 Miles 7 Miles 2019 2019 Sulfates Source Unknown 7 Miles 2019 Total Dissolved Solids Source Unknown 7 Miles 2019 <L E Agua Hedionda Lagooioons«v 90431000 Indicator bacteria Urban Runoff/Storm Sewers Unknown Nonpoint Source Unknown point source 6.8 Acres 2006 Sedimentation/Siltation Nonpoint/Point Source 6.8 Acres 2019 9 R Aliso Creek 90113000 Nonpoint/Point Source Indicator bacteria 19 Miles 2005 This listing for indicator bacteria applies to the Aliso Creek mainstem and all the major tributaries of Aliso Creek which are Sulphur Creek, Wood Canyon, Aliso Hills Canyon, Dairy Fork, and English Canyon. Urban Runoff/Storm Sewers Unknown point source Nonpoint/Point Source Phosphorus 19 Miles 2019 This listing for phosphorus applies to the Aliso Creek mainstem and all the major tributaries of Aliso Creek which are Sulphur Creek, Wood Canyon, Aliso Hills Canyon, Dairy Fork, and English Canyon. Urban Runoff/Storm Sewers Unknown Nonpoint Source Unknown point source Page 1 of 27 Storm Water Standards 4/03/03 III, PERMANENT BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES SELECTION PROCEDURE When referred to this Section, by Step 2 of Section II, complete the analysis required for your project in the subsections of Section 111.1 below. 1. IDENTIFY POLLUTANTS & CONDITIONS OF CONCERN A. Identify Pollutants from the Project Area Using Table 1, identify the project's anticipated pollutants. Pollutants associated with any hazardous material sites that have been remediated or are not threatened by the proposed project are not considered a pollutant of concern. Projects meeting the definition of more than one project category shall identify all general pollutant categories that apply. Table 2. Anticipated and Potential Pollutants Generated by Land Use Type. Project Categories 'ttetached Residential Development ""•ffHacnecT Residential Development Commercial Development MOO.OOOft* Automotive Repair Restaurants ^Hillside Development ^>5,OOOJ2x Parking Lots ••* **^Streets, Highways & Freeways,/ General Pollutant Categories Sediments > X pro )• ) pro / * Nutrients X X pro X pro FKDX Heavy Metals X X X Organic Compounds P(2) X(4>(5> X«> Trash & Debris X X X X X X X X Oxygen Demanding Substances X pro pw X X pro PW Oil& Grease X P<2) X X X X X X Bacteria & Viruses X pm P(3) X Pesticides X X pw X pro X = anticipated P = potential (1 ) A potential pollutant if landscaping exists on-site. (2) A potential pollutant if the project includes uncovered parking areas. (3) A potential pollutant if land use involves food or animal waste products. (4) Including petroleum hydrocarbons. (5) Including solvents. Storm Water Standards 4/03/03 VI. RESOURCES & REFERENCES APPENDIX A STORM WATER REQUIREMENTS APPLICABILITY CHECKLIST Complete Sections 1 and 2 of the following checklist to determine your project's permanent and construction storm water best management practices requirements. This form must be completed and submitted with your permit application. Section 1. Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements: If any answers to Part A are answered "Yes," your project is subject to the "Priority Project Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements," and "Standard Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements" in Section III, "Permanent Storm Water BMP Selection Procedure" in the Storm Water Standards manual. If all answers to Part A are "No," and any answers to Part B are "Yes," your project is only subject to the "Standard Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements". If every question in Part A and B is answered "No," your project is exempt from permanent storm water requirements. Part A: Determine Priority Project Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements. Does the project meet the definition of one or more of the priority project categories?* 1 . Detached residential development of 10 or more units 2. Attached residential development of 10 or more units 3. Commercial development greater than 1 00,000 square feet 4. Automotive repair shop 5. Restaurant 6. Steep hillside development greater than 5,000 square feet 7. Project discharging to receiving waters within Environmentally Sensitive Areas 3. Parking lots greater than or equal to 5,000 ft'' or with at least 1 5 parking spaces, and potentially exposed to urban runoff 9. Streets, roads, highways, and freeways which would create a new paved surface that is 5,000 square feet or greater Yes X ,xJ< < No X ^>< X \ * Refer to the definitions section in the Storm Water Standards for expanded definitions of the priority jjroject categories. Limited Exclusion: Trenching and resurfacing work associated with utility projects are not considered priority projects. Parking lots, buildings and other structures associated with utility projects are priority projects if one or more of the criteria in Part A is met. If all answers to Part A are "No", continue to PartB. 30 Storm Water Standards 4/03/03 Part B: Determine Standard Permanent Storm Water Requirements. Does the project propose: 1 . New impervious areas, such as rooftops, roads, parking lots, driveways, paths and sidewalks? 2. New pervious landscape areas and irrigation systems? 3. Permanent structures within 100 feet of any natural water body? 4. Trash storage areas? 5. Liquid or solid material loading and unloading areas? 6. Vehicle or equipment fueling, washing, or maintenance areas? 7. Require a General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activities (Except construction)?* 8. Commercial or industrial waste handling or storage, excluding typical office or household waste? 9. Any grading or ground disturbance during construction? 10. Any new storm drains, or alteration to existing storm drains? Yes X *<*\ ^ XL X No X X, X X To find out if your project Is required to obtain an individual General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activities, visit the State Water Resources Control Board web site at, www.swrcb.ca.gov/stormwtr/industrial.html Section 2. Construction Storm Water BMP Requirements: If the answer to question 1 of Part C is answered "Yes," your project is subject to Section IV, "Construction Storm Water BMP Performance Standards," and must prepare a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). If the answer to question 1 is "No," but the answer to any of the remaining questions is "Yes," your project is subject to Section IV, "Construction Storm Water BMP Performance Standards," and must p repare a W ater P Dilution C ontrol P Ian (WPCP). I f e very q uestion i n P art C is answered "No," your project is exempt from any construction storm water BMP requirements. If any of the answers to the questions in Part C are "Yes," complete the construction site prioritization in Part D, below. Part C: Determine Construction Phase Storm Water Requirements. Would the project meet any of these criteria during construction? 1 . Is the project subject to California's statewide General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated With Construction Activities? 2. Does the project propose grading or soil disturbance? 3. Would storm water or urban runoff have the potential to contact any portion of the construction area, including washing and staging areas? 4. Would the project use any construction materials that could negatively affect water quality if discharged from the site (such as, paints, solvents, concrete, and stucco)? Yes X>c>< < No 31 Storm Water Standards 4/03/03 Part D: Determine Construction Site Priority In accordance with the Municipal Permit, each construction site with construction storm water BMP requirements must be designated with a priority: high, medium or low. This prioritization must be completed with this form, noted on the plans, and included in the SWPPP or WPCP. Indicate the project's priority in one of the check boxes using the criteria below, and existing and surrounding conditions of the project, the type of activities necessary to complete the construction and any other extenuating circumstances that may pose a threat to water quality. The City reserves the right to adjust the priority of the projects both before and during construction. [Note: The construction priority does NOT change construction BMP requirements that apply to projects; all construction BMP requirements must be identified on a case-by-case basis. The construction priority does affect the frequency of inspections that will be conducted by City staff. See Section IV. 1 for more details on construction BMP requirements.] A) High Priority 1) Projects where the site is 50 acres or more and grading Will occur during the rainy season 2) Projects 5 acres or more. 3) Projects 5 acres or more within or directly adjacent to or discharging directly to a coastal lagoon or other receiving water within an environmentally sensitive area Projects, active or inactive, adjacent or tributary to sensitive water bodies Q B) Medium Priority 1) Capital Improvement Projects where grading occurs, however a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) is not required under the State General Construction Permit (i.e., water and sewer replacement projects, intersection and street re-alignments, widening, comfort stations, etc.) 2) Permit projects in the public right-of-way where grading occurs, such as installation of sidewalk, substantial retaining walls, curb and gutter for an entire street frontage, etc., however SWPPPs are not required. 3) Permit projects on private property where grading permits are required, however, Notice Of Intents (NOIs) and SWPPPs are not required. Q C) Low Priority 1) Capital Projects where minimal to no grading occurs, such as signal light and loop installations, street light installations, etc. 2) Permit projects in the public right-of-way where minimal to no grading occurs, such as pedestrian ramps, driveway additions, small retaining walls, etc. 3) Permit projects on private property where grading permits are not required, such as small retaining walls, single-family homes, small tenant improvements, etc. 32 STORM WATER REQUIREMENTS APPLICABILITY CHECKLIST Project Address Assessors Parcel Number(s): "0 \ Project # (city use only): Complete Sections 1 and 2 of the following checklist to determine your project's permanent and construction storm water best management practices requirements. This form must be completed and submitted with your permit application. Section 1. Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements: If any answers to Part A are answered "Yes," your project is subject to the "Priority Project Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements," and "Standard Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements" in Section III, "Permanent Storm Water BMP Selection Procedure" in the Storm Water Standards manual. If all answers to Part A are "No," and any answers to Part B are "Yes," your project is only subject to the "Standard Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements". If every question in Part A and B is answered "No," your project is exempt from permanent storm water requirements. Part A: Determine Priority Project Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements. Does the project meet the definition of one or more of the priority project categories?* 1. Detached residential development of 10 or more units. 2. Attached residential development of 10 or more units. 3. Commercial development greater than 100,000 square feet. 4. Automotive repair shop. 5. Restaurant. 6. Steep hillside development greater than 5,000 square feet. 7. Project discharging to receiving waters within Environmentally Sensitive Areas. 2 8. Parking lots greater than or equal to 5,000 ft or with at least 1 5 potentially exposed to urban runoff. parking spaces, and 9. Streets, roads, highways, and freeways which would create a new paved surface that is 5,000 square feet or greater * Refer to the definitions section in the Storm Water Standards for priority project categories. Yes X. X X ?< No X X X X IX expanded definitions of the Limited Exclusion: Trenching and resurfacing work associated with utility projects are not considered priority projects. Parking lots, buildings and other structures associated with utility projects are priority projects if one or more of the criteria in Part A is met. If all answers to Part A are "No", continue to Part B. Part B: Determine Standard Permanent Storm Water Requirements. Does the project propose: 1 . New impervious areas, such as rooftops, roads, parking lots, driveways, paths and sidewalks? 2. New pervious landscape areas and irrigation systems? 3. Permanent structures within 100 feet of any natural water body? 4. Trash storage areas? 5. Liquid or solid material loading and unloading areas? 6. Vehicle or equipment fueling, washing, or maintenance areas? 7. Require a General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activities (Except construction)?* 8. Commercial or industrial waste handling or storage, excluding typical office or household waste? 9. Any grading or ground disturbance during construction? 10. Any new storm drains, or alteration to existing storm drains? Yes X X X X No X X IX X X l*l *To find out if your project is required to obtain an individual General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activities, visit the State Water Resources Control Board web site at, www.swrcb.ca.gov/stormwtr/industrial.html Section 2. Construction Storm Water BMP Requirements: If the answer to question 1 of Part C is answered "Yes," your project is subject to Section IV, "Construction Storm Water BMP Performance Standards," and must prepare a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). If the answer to question 1 is "No," but the answer to any of the remaining questions is "Yes," your project is subject to Section IV, "Construction Storm Water BMP Performance Standards," and must prepare a Water Pollution Control Plan (WPCP). If every question in Part C is answered "No," your project is exempt from any construction storm water BMP requirements. If any of the answers to the questions in Part C are "Yes," complete the construction site prioritization in Part D, below. Part C: Determine Construction Phase Storm Water Requirements. Would the project meet any of these criteria during construction? 1 . Is the project subject to California's statewide General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated With Construction Activities? 2. Does the project propose grading or soil disturbance? 3. Would storm water or urban runoff have the potential to contact any portion of the construction area, including washing and staging areas? 4. Would the project use any construction materials that could negatively affect water quality if discharged from the site (such as, paints, solvents, concrete, and stucco)? Yes X XX. X No Part D: Determine Construction Site Priority In accordance with the Municipal Permit, each construction site with construction storm water BMP requirements must be designated with a priority: high, medium or low. This prioritization must be completed with this form, noted on the plans, and included in the SWPPP or WPCP. Indicate the project's priority in one of the check boxes using the criteria below, and existing and surrounding conditions of the project, the type of activities necessary to complete the construction and any other extenuating circumstances that may pose a threat to water quality. The City reserves the right to adjust the priority of the projects both before and during construction. [Note: The construction priority does NOT change construction BMP requirements that apply to projects; all construction BMP requirements must be identified on a case-by-case basis. The construction priority does affect the frequency of inspections that will be conducted by City staff. See Section IV.1 for more details on construction BMP requirements.] ij High Priority 1) Projects where the site is 50 acres or more and grading will occur during the rainy season 2) Projects 1 acre or more. 3) Projects 1 acre or more within or directly adjacent to or discharging directly to a coastal lagoon or other receiving water within an environmentally sensitive area 4) Projects, active or inactive, adjacent or tributary to sensitive water bodies | |Bj Medium Priority 5) Capital Improvement Projects where grading occurs, however a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) is not required under the State General Construction Permit (i.e., water and sewer replacement projects, intersection and street re-alignments, widening, comfort stations, etc.) 6) Permit projects in the public right-of-way where grading occurs, such as installation of sidewalk, substantial retaining walls, curb and gutter for an entire street frontage, etc. , however SWPPPs are not required. 7) Permit projects on private property where grading permits are required, however, Notice Of Intents (NOIs) and SWPPPs are not required. |~|CJ Low Priority 8) Capital Projects where minimal to no grading occurs, such as signal light and loop installations, street light installations, etc. 9) Permit projects in the public right-of-way where minimal to no grading occurs, such as pedestrian ramps, driveway additions, small retaining walls, etc. 10) Permit projects on private property where grading permits are not required, such as small retaining walls, single-family homes, small tenant improvements, etc. Owner/Agent/Engineer Name (Please Print):Title: Signature:Date: ATTACHMENT 5 Storm Water Standards 4/03/03 Table 1. Standard Development Project & Priority Project Storm Water BMP Requirements Matrix. Standard Projects Priority Projects: •^Detached Residential s^_ Development , Attached Residential Development Commercial Development >100,000ft2 Automotive Repair Shop Restaurants Hillside Development * •^ >5,OOOffi^-~- ('""Parking Lo^P /Streets, HighwaysTy v FreewaysJ— -^ Sita Design BMPstV R Source Control BMPs<*> R BMPs Applicable to Individual Priority Project Cateaories<3> M 1 CO 0 b. Residential Driveways &Guest Parking0 6 0 d. Maintenance Bays0 i 0) •> 0) 0 I S 1*^ 0 o> '55 O. j d> 0 h. Surface Parking Areas0 i. Fueling Areas0 CD J £ 0 Treatment Control BMPsW 0 ) R R R R R ) R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R» R R R S S S S S S S S R = Required; select one or more applicable and appropriate BMPs from the applicable steps in Section III.2.A-D, or equivalent as identified in Appendix C. 0 = Optional/ or may be required by City staff. As appropriate, applicants are encouraged to incorporate treatment control BMPs and BMPs applicable to individual priority project categories into the project design. City staff may require one or more of these BMPs, where appropriate. S = Select one or more applicable and appropriate treatment control BMPs from Appendix C. (1) Refer to Section III.2.A. (2) Refer to Section III.2.B. (3) Priority project categories must apply specific storm water BMP requirements, where applicable. Priority projects are subject to the requirements of all priority project categories that apply. (4) Refer to Section III.2.D. (5) Applies if the paved area totals >5,000 square feet or with >15 parking spaces and is potentially exposed to urban runoff. ATTACHMENT 6 ATTACHMENT 7 Site Design & Landscape Planning SD-1Q Design Objectives 13 Maximize Infiltration El Provide Retention 0 Slow Runoff p< Minimize Impervious Land Coverage Prohibit Dumping of improper Materials Contain Pollutants Collect and Convey Description Each project site possesses unique topographic, hydrologic, and vegetative features, some of which are more suitable for development than others. Integrating and incorporating appropriate landscape planning methodologies into the project design is the most effective action that can be done to minimize surface and groundwater contamination from stormwater. Approach Landscape planning should couple consideration of land suitability for urban uses with consideration of community goals and projected growth. Project plan designs should conserve natural areas to the extent possible, maximize natural water storage and infiltration opportunities, and protect slopes and channels. Suitable Applications Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for development or redevelopment. Design Considerations Design requirements for site design and landscapes planning should conform to applicable standards and specifications of agencies with jurisdiction and be consistent with applicable General Plan and Local Area Plan policies. Januaiy 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 1 of 4 SD-10 Site Design & Landscape Planning Designing New Installations Begin the development of a plan for the landscape unit with attention to the following general principles: • Formulate the plan on the basis of clearly articulated community goals. Carefully identify conflicts and choices between retaining and protecting desired resources and community growth. • Map and assess land suitability for urban uses. Include the following landscape features in the assessment: wooded land, open unwooded land, steep slopes, erosion-prone soils, foundation suitability, soil suitability for waste disposal, aquifers, aquifer recharge areas, wetlands, floodplains, surface waters, agricultural lands, and various categories of urban land use. When appropriate, the assessment can highlight outstanding local or regional resources that the community determines should be protected (e.g., a scenic area, recreational area, threatened species habitat, farmland, fish run). Mapping and assessment should recognize not only these resources but also additional areas needed for their sustenance. Project plan designs should conserve natural areas to the extent possible, maximize natural water storage and infiltration opportunities, and protect slopes and channels. Conserve Natural Areas during Landscape Planning If applicable, the following items are required and must be implemented in the site layout during the subdivision design and approval process, consistent with applicable General Plan and Local Area Plan policies: • Cluster development on least-sensitive portions of a site while leaving the remaining land in a natural undisturbed condition. » Limit clearing and grading of native vegetation at a site to the minimum amount needed to build lots, allow access, and provide fire protection. • Maximize trees and other vegetation at each site by planting additional vegetation, clustering tree areas, and promoting the use of native and/or drought tolerant plants. • Promote natural vegetation by using parking lot islands and other landscaped areas. • Preserve riparian areas and wetlands. Maximize Natural Water Storage and Infiltration Opportunities Within the Landscape Unit • Promote the conservation of forest cover. Building on land that is already deforested affects basin hydrology to a lesser extent than converting forested land. Loss of forest cover reduces interception storage, detention in the organic forest floor layer, and water losses by evapotranspiration, resulting in large peak runoff increases and either their negative effects or the expense of countering them with structural solutions, • Maintain natural storage reservoirs and drainage corridors, including depressions, areas of permeable soils, swales, and intermittent streams. Develop and implement policies and 2 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Mew Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com Site Design & Landscape Planning SD-10 regulations to discourage the clearing, filling, and channelization of these features. Utilize them in drainage networks in preference to pipes, culverts, and engineered ditches. • Evaluating infiltration opportunities by referring to the stormwater management manual for the jurisdiction and pay particular attention to the selection criteria for avoiding grouiidwater contamination, poor soils, and hydrogeological conditions that cause these facilities to fail. If necessary, locate developments with large amounts of impervious surfaces or a potential to produce relatively contaminated runoff away from groimdwater recharge areas. Protection of Slopes and Channels during Landscape Design m Convey runoff safely from the tops of slopes. • Avoid disturbing steep or unstable slopes. • Avoid disturbing natural channels. • Stabilize disturbed slopes as quickly as possible. • Vegetate slopes with native or drought tolerant vegetation. • Control and treat flows in landscaping and/or other controls prior to reaching existing natural drainage systems. • Stabilize temporary and permanent channel crossings as quickly as possible, and ensure that increases in run-off velocity and frequency caused by the project do not erode the channel. • Install energy dissipaters., such as riprap, at the outlets of new storm drains, culverts, conduits, or channels that enter unlined channels hi accordance with applicable specifications to minimize erosion. Energy dissipaters shall be installed in such a way as to minimize impacts to receiving waters. • Line on-site conveyance channels where appropriate, to reduce erosion caused by increased flow velocity due to increases in tributary impervious area. The first choice for linings should be grass or some other vegetative surface, since these materials not only reduce runoff velocities, but also provide water quality benefits from filtration and infiltration. If velocities in the channel are high enough to erode grass or other vegetative linings, riprap, concrete, soil cement, or gee-grid stabilization are other alternatives. • Consider other design principles that are comparable and equally effective. Redeveloping Existing Installations Various jurisdictions! stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious surfaces. The definition of " redevelopment" must be consulted to determine whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations" above should be followed. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 4 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com SD-10 Site Design & Landscape Planning Redevelopment may present significant opportunity to add features which had not previously been implemented. Examples include incorporation of depressions, areas of permeable soils, and swales in newly redeveloped areas. While some site constraints may exist due to the status of already existing infrastructure, opportunities should not be missed to maximize infiltration, slow runoff, reduce impervious areas, disconnect directly connected impervious areas. Other Resources A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, May 2002. Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Washington State Department of Ecology, August 2001. Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002. Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood Control District; and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003. Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures, July 2002. 4 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.corm Roof Runoff Controls SD-11 Design Objectives J Maximize Infiltration •/ Provide Retention / Slow Runoff Minimize Impervious Land Coverage Prohibit Dumping of Improper Materials / Contain Pollutants Collect and Convey Rain Garden Description Various roof runoff controls are available to address stormwater that drains off rooftops. The objective is to reduce the total volume and rate of runoff from individual lots, and retain the pollutants on site that may be picked up from roofing materials and atmospheric deposition. Roof runoff controls consist of directing the roof runoff away from paved areas and mitigating flow to the storm drain system through one of several general approaches: cisterns or rain barrels; dry wells or infiltration trenches; pop-up emitters, and foundation planting. The first three approaches require the roof runoff to be contained in a gutter and downspout system. Foundation planting provides a vegetated strip under the drip line of the roof. Approach Design of individual lots for single-family homes as well as lots for higher density residential and commercial structures should consider site design provisions for containing and infiltrating roof runoff or directing roof runoff to vegetative swales or buffer areas. Retained water can be reused for watering gardens, lawns, and trees. Benefits to the environment include reduced demand for potable water used for irrigation, improved stormwater quality, increased groundwater recharge, decreased runoff volume and peak flows, and decreased flooding potential. Suitable Applications Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for development or redevelopment. Design Considerations Designing New Installations Cisterns or Rain Barrels One method of addressing roof runoff is to direct roof downspouts to cisterns or rain barrels. A cistern is an above ground storage ^ 3 Q J\ vessel with either a manually operated valve or a permanently open , California outlet. Roof runoff is temporarily stored and then released for stormwater irrigation or infiltration between storms. The number of rain ; Qufllty , „-Association January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbook.com 1 of 3 SD-11 Roof Runoff Controls barrels needed is a function of the rooftop area. Some low impact developers recommend that every house have at least 2 rain barrels, with a minimum storage capacity of 1000 liters. Roof barrels serve several purposes including mitigating the first flush from the roof which has a high volume, amount of contaminants, and thermal load. Several types of rain barrels are commercially available. Consideration must be given to selecting rain barrels that are vector proof and childproof. In addition, some barrels are designed with a bypass valve that filters out grit and other contaminants and routes overflow to a soak-away pit or rain garden. If the cistern has an operable valve, the valve can be closed to store stormwater for irrigation or infiltration between storms. This system requires continual monitoring by the resident or grounds crews, but provides greater flexibility in water storage and metering. If a cistern is provided with an operable valve and water is stored inside for long periods, the cistern must be covered to prevent mosquitoes from breeding. A cistern system with a permanently open outlet can also provide for metering stormwater runoff. If the cistern outlet is significantly smaller than the size of the downspout inlet (say ¥4 to V2 inch diameter), runoff will build up inside the cistern during storms, and will empty out slowly after peak intensities subside. This is a feasible way to mitigate the peak flow increases caused by rooftop impervious land coverage, especially for the frequent, small storms. Dry wells and Infiltration Trenches Roof downspouts can be directed to dry wells or infiltration trenches. A dry well is constructed by excavating a hole in the ground and filling it with an open graded aggregate, and allowing the water to fill the dry well and infiltrate after the storm event. An underground connection from the downspout conveys water into the dry well, allowing it to be stored in the voids. To minimize sedimentation from lateral soil movement, the sides and top of the stone storage matrix can be wrapped in a permeable filter fabric, though the bottom may remain open. A perforated observation pipe can be inserted vertically into the dry well to allow for inspection and maintenance. In practice, dry wells receiving runoff from single roof downspouts have been successful over long periods because they contain very little sediment. They must be sized according to the amount of rooftop runoff received, but are typically 4 to 5 feet square, and 2 to 3 feet deep, with a minimum of i-foot soil cover over the top (maximum depth of 10 feet). To protect the foundation, dry wells must be set away from the building at least 10 feet. They must be installed in solids that accommodate infiltration. In poorly drained soils, dry wells have very limited feasibility. Infiltration trenches function in a similar manner and would be particularly effective for larger roof areas. An infiltration trench is a long, narrow, rock-filled trench with no outlet that receives stormwater runoff. These are described under Treatment Controls. Pop-up Drainage Emitter Roof downspouts can be directed to an underground pipe that daylights some distance from the building foundation, releasing the roof runoff through a pop-up emitter. Similar to a pop-up irrigation head, the emitter only opens when there is flow from the roof. The emitter remains flush to the ground during dry periods, for ease of lawn or landscape maintenance. 2 of 3 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbook.com Roof Runoff Controls SD-11 Foundation Planting Landscape planting can be provided around the base to allow increased opportunities for stormwater infiltration and protect the soil from erosion caused by concentrated sheet flow coming off the roof. Foundation plantings can reduce the physical impact of water on the soil and provide a subsurface matrix of roots that encourage infiltration. These plantings must be sturdy enough to tolerate the heavy runoff sheet flows, and periodic soil saturation. Redeveloping Existing Installations Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious surfaces. The definition of " redevelopment" must be consulted to determine whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations" above should be followed. Supplemental Information Examples • City of Ottawa's Water Links Surface -Water Quality Protection Program • City of Toronto Downspout Disconnection Program • City of Boston, MA, Rain Barrel Demonstration Program Other Resources Hager, Marty Catherine, Stormwater, "Low-Impact Development", January/February 2003. www.stormh2o.com Low Impact Urban Design Tools, Low Impact Development Design Center, Beltsville, MD. www. lid-stor mwater. net Start at the Source, Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association, 1999 Edition January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 3 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbook.com Efficient Irrigation SD-12 Design Objectives EZS Maximize Infiltration 0 Provide Retention 0 Slow Runoff Minimize Impervious Land Coverage Prohibit Dumping of Improper Materials Contain Pollutants Collect and Convey Description Irrigation water provided to landscaped areas may result in excess irrigation water being conveyed into stormwater drainage systems. Approach Project plan designs for development and redevelopment should include application methods of irrigation water that minimize runoff of excess irrigation water into the stormwater conveyance system. Suitable Applications Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for development or redevelopment. (Detached residential single-family homes are typically excluded from this requirement.) Design Considerations Designing New Installations The following methods to reduce excessive irrigation runoff should be considered, and incorporated and implemented where determined applicable and feasible by the Permittee: • Employ rain-triggered shutoff devices to prevent irrigation after precipitation. • Design irrigation systems to each landscape area's specific water requirements. • Include design featuring flow reducers or shutoff valves triggered by a pressure drop to control water loss in the event of broken sprinkler heads or lines. • Implement landscape plans consistent with County or City water conservation resolutions, which may include provision of water sensors, programmable irrigation times (for short cycles), etc. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com iof 2 SP-12 Efficient Irrigation • Design timing and application methods of irrigation water to minimize the runoff of excess irrigation water into the storm water drainage system. • Group plants with similar water requirements in order to reduce excess irrigation runoff and promote surface filtration. Choose plants with low irrigation requirements (for example, native or drought tolerant species). Consider design features such as: Using mulches (such as wood chips or bar) in planter areas without ground cover to minimize sediment in runoff Installing appropriate plant materials for the location, in accordance with amount of sunlight and climate, and use native plant materials where possible and/or as recommended by the landscape architect Leaving a vegetative barrier along the properly boundary and interior watercourses, to act as a pollutant filter, where appropriate and feasible Choosing plants that minimize or eliminate the use of fertilizer or pesticides to sustain growth • Employ other comparable, equally effective methods to reduce irrigation water runoff. Redeveloping Existing Installations Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious surfaces. The definition of " redevelopment" must be consulted to determine whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for redevelopment. If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations" above should be followed. Other Resources A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, May 2002. Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002. Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003. Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures, July 2002. 2 of "I California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com Storm Drain Signage SD-13 Design Objectives Maximize Infiltration Provide Retention Slow Runoff Minimize Impervious Land Coverage n Prohibit Dumping of Improper Materials Contain Pollutants Collect and Convey Description Waste materials dumped into storm drain inlets can have severe impacts on receiving and ground waters. Posting notices regarding discharge prohibitions at storm drain inlets can prevent waste dumping. Storm drain signs and stencils are highly visible source controls that are typically placed directly adjacent to storm drain inlets. Approach The stencil or affixed sign contains a brief statement that prohibits dumping of improper materials into the urban runoff conveyance system. Storm drain messages have become a popular method of alerting the public about the effects of and the prohibitions against waste disposal. Suitable Applications Stencils and signs alert the public to the destination of pollutants discharged to the storm drain. Signs are appropriate in residential, commercial, and industrial areas, as well as any other area where contributions or dumping to storm drains is likely. Design Considerations Storm drain message markers or placards are recommended at all storm drain inlets within the boundary of a development project. The marker should be placed in clear sight facing toward anyone approaching the inlet from either side. All storm drain inlet locations should be identified on the development site map. Designing IVeiu Installations The following methods should be considered for inclusion in the project design and show on project plans: • Provide stenciling or labeling of all storm drain inlets and catch basins, constructed or modified, within the project area with prohibitive language. Examples include "NO DUMPING January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabniphandbooks.com i of 2 SP-13 Storm Drain Signage - DRAINS TO OCEAN" and/or other graphical icons to discourage illegal dumping. • Post signs with prohibitive language and/or graphical icons, which prohibit illegal dumping at public access points along channels and creeks within the project area. Note - Some local agencies have approved specific signage and/or storm drain message placards for use. Consult local agency stormwater staff to determine specific requirements for placard types and methods of application. Redeveloping Existing Installations Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious surfaces. If the project meets the definition of "redevelopment", then the requirements stated under " designing new installations" above should be included in all project design plans. Additional Information Maintenance Considerations m Legibility of markers and signs should be maintained. If required by the agency with jurisdiction over the project, the owner/operator or homeowner's association should enter into a maintenance agreement with the agency or record a deed restriction upon the property title to maintain the legibility of placards or signs. Placement • Signage on top of curbs tends to weather and fade. • Signage on face of curbs tends to be woni by contact with vehicle tires and sweeper brooms. Supplemental Information Examples • Most MS4 programs have storm drain signage programs. Some MS4 programs will provide stencils, or arrange for volunteers to stencil storm drains as part of their outreach program. Other Resources A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County Department of Public Works, May 2002. Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002. Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003. Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures, July 2002. 2 of 2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandboQks.com RUED BLOCK WALL PER CITY OF CARLSBAD MASONRY FENCE. 49't| ACCESS WAY /ACCESS WAY STRIP (TYP.) WHERE APPLICABLE 3'PROTECTION POST (MOO. W-16)y OPTIONAL RECYCLABLECONTAINERS INSTEAD OF>0(N-4 EACH ' I v~- 0.5% (TYP.) FERROUS METAL 12"x12" •AREA DRAIN.(TYR) , FRAMING i L_4-fxAND MATERIALS- n\ mi WTt LATCH j}|{ lilt GATE SECURING BOLT (TYP.)REFUSE TRUCK LOADING APPROACH wm™m* LEVEL LOADING AREA (CONCRETE)REFUSE TRUCK LOADING APPROACH DRAIN AWAY (TYP.) LEVEL LOADING I (CONCRETE)TYPE A - DRIVE AND LOAD FRONT APPROACH LEVEL 15.0'(MIN.) JP— CLEAR OVERHEAD. TO 25.0 FT.fMIN.) HEIGHT 7.5'(MIN.) 3Q. CONCRETE T y\ TYPE B - DRIVE AND LOAD SIDE APPROACH CLEAR OVERHEAD JO( HEIGHT 4" AC OVER 6" CLASS I A.B. (MIN.) FOUNDATION SECTION A-A 3.01 Lb_ DRAIN TO BMP (TYP.) (TYP.) (TYP.)SECTION B-B SHEET 1 OF 2 EV.APPROVED DATE CITY OF CARLSBAD REFUSE BIN ENCLOSURE FOR 3 CUBIC YARDS BINS 6-04 CITY ENGINEER DATE SUPPLEMENTAL STANDARD NO. r NOTES: 1. LOCATION OF REFUSE BIN ENCLOSURES SHALL BE APPROVED BY THE PLANNING DIRECTOR AND THE CITY ENGINEER. ENCLOSURE SHALL BE OF SIMILAR COLORS AND/OR MATERIALS AS THE PROJECT TO THE SATISFACTION OF THE PLANNING DIRECTOR. 2. THE ENCLOSURE SLAB AND LOADING AREA SHALL BE LEVEL IN ORDER TO FACILITATE THE ROLLING OF BINS FOR LOADING POSITIONING. 3. GATES SHALL BE MOUNTED SO THAT THEY SWING FULLY OPEN WITH NO PROTRUSION INTO THE PATH OF THE BIN. THE GATES SHALL HAVE CHAINS, HOOKS OR PIN STOPS AT THEIR FULL OPEN POSITION TO HOLD THEM OPEN. 4. ALL GATE CONNECTION LATCHES, SECURING BOLTS, FRAMING, AND HINGES SHALL BE HEAVY DUTY TYPE AND PAINTED OR TREATED AGAINST CORROSION. 5. GATE MATERIALS TO BE APPROVED BY PLANNING DIRECTOR. 6. POSITIVE DRAINAGE AWAY FROM THE ENCLOSURE AND LOADING AREAS SHALL BE PROVIDED AND MAINTAINED. 7. ALTERNATIVE CONFIGURATION AND LOCATION OF THE ACCESS WAY MAY BE ACCEPTABLE ON A CASE BY CASE BASIS PROVIDED NO PORTION OF THE TRASH BINS ARE DIRECTLY VISIBLE TO THE PUBLIC. 8. LOADING AND ENCLOSURE AREA DRAINAGE SHALL BE INDEPENDENT AND DRAINED TOWARDS AN APPROVED SITE BMP. 9. DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS SHALL INCORPORATE THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE "MODEL ORDINANCE OF THE CALIFORNIA INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT BOARD RELATING TO AREAS FOR COLLECTING AND LOADING RECYCLABLE MATERIALS". 10. AREAS FOR RECYCLING SHALL BE ADEQUATE IN CAPACITY, NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION TO SERVE THE DEVELOPMENT WHERE THE PROJECT OCCURS. 11. RECYCLING AREAS SHALL BE SECURED TO PREVENT THE THEFT OF RECYCLABLE MATERIALS BY UNAUTHORIZED PERSONS WHILE ALLOWING AUTHORIZED PERSONS ACCESS FOR DISPOSAL OF MATERIALS. 12. RECYCLING AREAS OR THE BINS AND CONTAINERS PLACED THEREIN MUST PROVIDE PROTECTION AGAINST SEVERE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS WHICH MIGHT RENDER THE COLLECTED MATERIALS UNMARKETABLE. 13. A SIGN CLEARLY IDENTIFYING ALL RECYCLING AND SOLID WASTE COLLECTION AND LOADING AREAS AND THE MATERIALS ACCEPTED THEREIN SHALL BE POSTED ADJACENT TO ALL POINTS OF ACCESS TO THE RECYCLING AREAS. 14. EACH RECYCLING AREA WITHIN A MULTI-FAMILY RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT SHALL BE NO GREATER THAN 250 FEET FROM EACH LIVING UNIT. SHEET 2 OF 2 ,,cV.APPROVED DATE CITY OF CARLSBAD niTi ior* niM r™M/^i />oi ir»r~REFUSE B N ENuLUoURE CAD 0 /"M IDIP VADHO DIMCrUK o OUBIU Y AKUo blNo y^X s?/^//t£^~. u -~^-~~~~ 6—04 CITY ENGINEER DATE SUPPLEMENTAL f\ o AC STANDARD NO. VJO'ID ATTACHMENT 8 A clean environment is important to all of us! NOT connected to sanitary sewer systems and treatment plants? The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rainwater away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Untreated storm water and the pollutants it carries flow directly into creeks, lagoons and the ocean. In recent years, sources of water pollution like industrial waters from factories have been greatly reduced. However, now the majority of water pollution occurs from things like cars leaking oil, fertilizers from farms and gardens, failing septic tanks, pet waste and residential car washing into the storm drains and into the ocean and waterways. All these sources add up to a pollution problem! But each of us can do our part to help clean up our water and that adds up to a pollution solution! Car washing photo sis used courtesy of theWats* " Quality Consortium, a cooperative venture *, between the V^ashtofton State Departrrterit of , Ecology, King County and/*, the cities of BeHevue, ' Seattle and Tacqrj»a» , • Car Washing Only RaSn in the Storm Drain! City of1635 Faraday £yenii£ Carlsbad CA ?920:0%"•*~ * Storm Water 760-602-279$ City of Carlsbad Storm Water Protection Program City of Carlsbad Storm Water Protection Program Storm Water HOTHne: 760-602-2799 car washing?How can YOU help keep the environment clean? There's no problem with washing your car. It's just how and where you do it. Most soap contains phosphates and other chemicals that harm fish and water quality. The soap, together with the dirt, metal and oil washed from your car, flows into nearby storm drains which run directly into lakes, rivers or marine waters. The phosphates from the soap can cause excess algae to grow. Algae look bad, smell bad, and harm water quality. As algae decay, the process uses up oxygen in the water that fish need. Having a clean environment is of primary importance for our health and economy. Clean waterways provide commercial opportunities, recreation, fish habitat and add beauty to our landscape. YOU can help keep our ocean, creeks and lagoons clean by applying the following tips: • Use soap sparingly. • Use a hose nozzle with a trigger to save water. • Pour your bucket of soapy water down the sink when you're done, not in the street. • Avoid using engine and wheel cleaners or degreasers. • Take your car to a commercial car wash, especially if you plan to clean the engine or the bottom of your car. Most car washes reuse wash water several times before sending it to the sewer system for treatment. • Hire only mobile detail operators that will capture wash water and chemicals. It is unlawful for commercial vehicle washing operators to allow wash water to enter the storm drain system. es todos! iSabia usted que las alcantarillas y los desagues pluviales NO estan conectados al sistema de drenaje sanitario o a la planta de tratamiento de aguas? Los drenajes pluviales estan disenados para remover el agua pluvial (lluvia) de las areas urbanas y prevenir inundaciones. El sistema de alcantarillado no incluye ningun tipo de tratamiento y por lo tanto acarrea el agua pluvial y los contaminantes con los que tiene contacto directamente a los arroyos, lagunas y el oceano. En los ultimos anos la contaminacion que anteriormente originaba de las fabricas e industrias ha sido reducida. Ahora, la contaminacion al medio ambiente y a nuestros arroyos, lagunas y el oceano origina de los automoviles que gotean aceite y Ifquidos, del uso de fertilizantes en tierras agrfcolas y jardines, de tanques septicos defectuosos, del lavado de automoviles en residencias, agua sucia de restaurantes y los desechos de animates domesticos los cuales son acarreados por la lluvia a los alcantarillados y despues a los arroyos, lagunas y el oceano. il_a contaminacion originada por estas actividades crea un problema para todos nosotros! iPero cada uno de nosotros puede tomar pequenos pasos para solucionar este problema y esa es nuestra meta! Metodos y Buenos Habltos de y de Protect Ciudad de Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad CA 92008 Linea de Asistencia: 760-602-2799 stormwater@ci.carlsbad.ca.us Funded by a grant from the California Integrated Waste Management Board Printed on recycled paper Ciudad de Carlsbad Programa de Protection del Sistema de AIcantariHado (Drenaje Pluvial) Linea de Asistencia: 760-602-2799 iSolo Uyvia en el y Los servicios de automotriz y los talleres mecanicos de reparacion contribuyen a la tempestad de contamination de agua a traves del uso de practices de limpieza inadecuadas que permiten que el aceite, grasas, limpiadores, basura y otros contaminantes circulen en las calles, alcantarillas y desagues. Los contaminantes depositados en superficies como estacionamientos y los caminos de entrada son arrastrados por el agua de la lluvia al sistema de desague. Estas descargas contaminan nuestros oceanos, arroyos y lagunas. Ademas esta prohibido por la ley. Debajo hay unas recomendaciones de las mejores practices de administration para servicios de automotriz y talleres mecanicos de reparacion. Opere en un taller Simpio y seco • Barra, trapee y aspire los pisos de su taller con frecuencia. • Designe areas especificas para la limpieza de partes. • Limpie inmediatamente cualquier derrame. • Mantenga trapos, productos de limpieza y productos absorbentes accesibles en todas las areas de trabajo. • Use lavabos y baldes cuando limpie con productos que sean solubles. • NUNCA barra o derroche desperdicios en las coladeras de sanitarios o alcantarillas de desague. Prgteja sus ajcantariilas ubicadas en su propiedad • Senale todas las entradas de las alcantarillas de su propiedad. • Inspeccione sus alcantarillas periodicamente que no tengan escombros. Quite todo escombro y pongalo en la basura. • Periodicamente barra y aspire los estacionamientos y las areas de trabajo. • NUNCA use la manguera como metodo de arrastrar o limpiar un area y tambien evite el uso de sopladores que solo acumulan residuo. Prevenga derrames y goteras • Use recipientes para goteras y trapos debajo del vehfculo, cuando haga trabajos de motor. • Evite hacer reparaciones o trabajar en areas exteriores que esten expuestas a la lluvia • Vacie los Ifquidos de los vehfculos que esten goteando o que esten descompuestos lo mas pronto posible. • Transfiera rapidamente los Ifquidos a un deposito disenado. • Deposite los liquidos de gran volumen, liquidos usados y baterias en un lugar controlado para prevenir derrames. La manera jpropiada para deshacerse del agua sucia • La agua con jabon o aceite de su lavado de vehiculo debe ser depositada con una bomba de sistema de desague y tal vez sea necesario la instalacion de un separador de agua y aceite. • Si el agua sucia de sus instalaciones no cuenta con un sistema de drenaje de sanidad, entonces, debe recoger y llevar el agua para que sea depositada en un lugar adecuado fuera de ahi. • NUNCA deje que el agua sucia entre a los desagues. La manera apropiada para deshacerse de componentes peligrosos • Siga todos los requisites para deshacerse de componentes peligrosos. • Recuerde que los aceites y componentes absorbentes saturado de soluble deben ser tratados como desperdicios peligrosos. • Asegurese que los envases solidos de desperdicio esten en buenas condiciones y que esten seguros contra vientos, derrames y otros elementos. Proteja trabajos exteriores..y areas de almacen • Si el trabajo o el almacen de materiales debe hacerse afuera, asegure la area para atrapar contaminantes en una area limitada y asimismo, protejase de la lluvia. • Si tiene un desague exterior que este conectado a una alcantarilla de sanidad, cubra el area para prevenir que la lluvia entre al sistema de alcantarilla. Entrenamiento de empleados • Use signos para senalar las alcantarillas disenadas para los desagues de la lluvia. • Asegurese que todos los empleados sepan las ubicaciones de las alcantarillas disenadas para los desagues de la lluvia en la propiedad. • Eduque a sus empleados sobre la mejor manera de limpiar derrames y como prevenir que los contaminantes entren a las alcantarillas. Practique la disminucionjje desperdicios y redcle • Reticle aceites y filtros de motor. • Acumule todo aceite usado en recipientes con tapaderas bien apretadas. No mezcle diferentes Ifquidos de motor. • Reutilice el agua usada en los lavados de radiadores en prueba. sagKgaHMlffliaMHlB _ In the City of Carlsbad, storm drains flow directly into local creeks, lagoons and the ocean without treatment. Storm water pollution is a serious problem for our natural environment and for people who live near streams or wetlands. Storm water pollution comes from a variety of sources including oil, fuel, and fluids, from vehicles and heavy equipments, pesticide runoff from landscaping, and from materials such as concrete and mortar from construction activities. The City of Carlsbad is committed to improving water quality and reducing the amount of pollutants that enter our precious waterways. A Word About "Biodegradable" Soaps "Biodegradable" is a popular marketing term that can be misleading. Because a product is labeled as biodegradable doesn't mean that it is non-toxic. Some products are more toxic than others, but none are harmless to aquatic life. Soapy water entering the storm drain system can impact an aquatic environment within hours. City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 Storm Water HOTline: 760-602-2799 stormwater@ci.carisbad.ca,us March 2003 is Washing? Power washing is any activity that uses a water pressure system, including steam cleaning, to clean vehicles, equipment, sidewalks, buildings, dumpsters, or other impervious surfaces. In addition to water, detergents, degreasers and other products may be used in commercial power Did you know that storm drains are NOT connected to sanitary sewer systems or treatment plants? The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rainwater away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Wash water from power washing activities may contain significant quantities of oil and grease, chemicals, dirt, and detergents that could end up in our creeks, lagoons and the ocean. Disposing of these materials into storm drains causes serious ecological problems—and is PROHIBITED by law. Practices Best Management Practices or BMPs are procedures that help to prevent pollutants from entering our storm drains. Each of us can do our part to keep storm water clean. Using BMPs adds up to a pollution Use Dry Clean-up Methods • Instead of pressure washing, determine what alternative dry methods are available. • Use mops, brooms, rags or wire brushes to clean pavement, buildings and equipment as much as possible. • Use vacuums or other machines to remove and collect loose debris before applying water. Location, Location, Location! • Prior to any washing, block all storm drains with an impervious barrier such as sandbags or berms, or seal the storm drain with plugs or rubber mats. • Wash vehicles and equipment on grassy or gravel areas so that the wash water can seep into the ground. • Create a containment area with berms and tarps or take advantage of a low spot to keep wash water contained. • Check that the wash water is not leaking through and add more berms or barriers to contain the wash water. Just Enough for the Job! • Minimize water use by using high pressure, low volume nozzles. • Use the minimal amount and least toxic detergents and degreasers you will need to complete the job. Try phosphate free detergents. • Use a mop or rags to clean heavily soiled areas before power washing. Only Rain in the • Do not wash equipment or vehicles outdoors on saturated ground or on days when rain is probable. • Pump or vacuum up all wash water in the contained area. • With property owners permission, pump or pour the wash water to the sanitary sewer through an interior building drain, sink, or private sewer clean-out. Discharges to the sewer must meet requirements of the Encina Wastewater Authority (760) 438-3941, and should not contain hazardous materials, excessive grease, grit, or any material that could clog piping. • Sediments and other solids that remain on the ground should be swept or vacuumed up immediately before they are washed into the storm system. A clean environment is important to all of us! Did you know that storm drains are NOT connected to sanitary sewer systems and treatment plants? The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rainwater away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Untreated storm water and the pollutants it carries, flow directly into creeks, lagoons and the ocean. In recent years, sources of water pollution like industrial waters from factories have been greatly reduced. However now, the majority of water pollution occurs from things like cars leaking oil, fertilizers from farms, lawns and gardens, failing septic tanks, pet waste and residential car washing into the storm drains and into the ocean and waterways. All these sources add up to a pollution problem! But each of us can do small things to help clean up our water and that adds up to a pollution solution! Motor oil photo is used courtesy of the Water Quality Consortium, a cooperative venture between the Washington State Department of Ecology, King County and the cities of Bellevue, Seattle and Tacoma. Only Rain in the Storm Drain! City of Carlsbad Storm Water Protection Program City of Carlsbad 1 635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad CA 92008 Storm Water HOTIine: 760-602-2799 4 Funded by a grant from the California Integrated Waste Mana9ement Board Motor Oil Only Rain in the Storm Drain! City of Carlsbad Storm Water Protection Program Storm Water HOTIine: 760-602-2799 L M b Oil *%, Printed on recycled paper What's the problem with motor oil?How can YOU help keep our environment clean? Oil does not dissolve in water. It lasts a long time and sticks to everything from beach sand to bird feathers. Oil and other petroleum products are toxic to people, wildlife and plants. One pint of oil can make a slick larger than a football field. Oil that leaks from our cars onto roads and driveways is washed into storm drains, and then usually flows directly to a creek or lagoon and finally to the ocean. Used motor oil is the largest single source of oil pollution in our ocean, creeks and lagoons. Americans spill 180 million gallons of used oil each year into our waters. This is 16 times the amount spilled by the Exxon Valdez in Alaska. Having a clean environment is of primary importance for our health and economy. Clean waterways provide commercial opportunities, recreation, fish habitat and add beauty to our landscape. YOU can help keep our ocean, creeks and lagoons clean by applying the following tips: • Stop drips. Check for oil leaks regularly and fix them promptly. Keep your car tuned to reduce oil use. • Use ground cloths or drip pans beneath your vehicle if you have leaks or are doing engine work. • Clean up spills immediately. Collect all used oil in containers with tight fitting lids. Do not mix different engine fluids. • When you change your oil, dispose of it properly. Never dispose of oil or other engine fluids down the storm drain, on the ground or into a ditch. • Recycle used motor oil. There are several locations in Carlsbad that accept used motor oil. For hours and locations, call 760-434-2980. • Buy recycled ("refined") motor oil to use in your car. A Clean Environment is I Important to All of Us! In the City of Carlsbad, storm drains flow directly into local creeks, lagoons and the ocean without treatment. Storm water pollution is a serious problem for our natural environment and for people who live near streams or wetlands. Storm water pollution comes from '_ a variety of sources including oil, ^ fuel, and fluids, from vehicles and heavy equipment, pesticide runoff from landscaping, and from materials such as concrete, ~~ mortar and soil from construction activities. - The City of Carlsbad is committed * to improving water quality and T reducing the amount of pollutants that enter our precious waterways. Protect Storm Water Protection Program stormwater@ci.carlsbad.ca.us 760-602-2799 City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 Printed on recycled paper Although we enjoy the fun and relaxing times in them, the water used in swimming pools and spas can cause problems for our creeks, lagoons and the ocean if not disposed of properly. When you drain your swimming pool, fountain or spa to the street, the high concentrations of chlorine and other chemicals found in the water flows directly to our storm drains. Did you know that these storm drains are NOT connected to sanitary sewer systems and treatment plants? The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rainwater away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Improperly disposing of swimming pool and spa water into storm drains may be harmful to the environment. Best Management Practices or BMPs are procedures that help to prevent pollutants like chlorine and sediment from entering our storm drains. Each of us can do our part to keep storm water clean. Using BMPs adds up to a pollution solution! Do I Set Rid ©f Pool and spa water may be discharged to the storm drain if it has been properly dechlorinated and doesn't contain other chemicals. The good news is that chlorine naturally dissipates over time. Monitor and test for chlorine levels in the pool over a period of 3 to 5 days. Drain the water before algae starts to grow. Consider hiring a professional pool service company to clean your pool, fountain, or spa and make sure they dispose of the water and solids properly. For more information about discharging wastewater to the sanitary sewer, please contact the Encina Wastewater Authority at (760) 438- 3941. Before you discharge your swimming pool or spa water to the storm drain, the water: » Must not contain chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, acid, or any other chemicals. » Can not carry debris or vegetation. * Should have an acceptable pH of 7-8. * Can not contain algae or harmful bacteria (no "green" present). t Flow must be controlled so that it does not cause erosion problems. Clean filters over a lawn or other landscaped area where the discharge can be absorbed. Collect materials on filter cloth and dispose into the trash. Diatomaceous earth cannot be discharged into the street or storm drain systems. Dry it out as much as possible, bag it in plastic and dispose into the trash. Acid cleaning wash water is NOT allowed into the storm drains. Make sure acid washing is done in a proper and safe manner that is not harmful to people or the environment. It may be discharged into the sanitary sewer through a legal sewer connection after the pH has been adjusted to no lower than 5.5 and no higher than 11. . « Use the water for irrigation. Try draining de-chlorinated pool water gradually onto a landscaped area. Water discharged to landscape must not cross property lines and must not produce runoff. Do not use copper -based algaecides. Control algae with chlorine or other alternatives to copper-based pool chemicals. Copper is harmful to the aquatic environment. During pool construction, contain materials and dispose of properly. Materials such as cement, Gunite, mortar, and sediment must not be discharged into the storm drains. A clean environment is important to all of us! Did you know that storm drains are NOT connected to sanitary sewer systems and treatment plants? The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rainwater away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Untreated storm water and the pollutants it carries, flow directly into creeks, lagoons and the ocean. In recent years, sources of water pollution like industrial waters from factories have been greatly reduced. However now, the majority of water pollution occurs from things like cars leaking oil, fertilizers from farms and gardens, failing septic tanks, pet waste and residential car washing into the storm drains and into the ocean and waterways. All these sources add up to a pollution problem! But each of us can do small things to help clean up our water and that adds up to a pollution solution! Pet waste photo is used courtesy of the Water Quality Consortium, a cooperative venture between the Washington State Department of Ecology, King County and the cities of Bellevue, Seattle and Tacoma. Pet Waste Only Rain in the Storm Drain! Storm Water HOTIine: 760-602-2799 stormwater@ci.carlsbad.ca.us City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad CA 92008 www.ci.carlsbad.ca.us City of Carlsbad Storm Water Protection Program Storm Water HOTIine: 760-602-2799 v Printed on recycled paper What's the problem with pet vyas|e? Pet waste is a health risk to pets and people, especially children. It's a nuisance in our neighborhoods. Pet waste is full of bacteria that can make people sick. This bacteria gets washed into the storm drain and ends up in our creeks, lagoons and ocean. The bacteria ends up in shellfish living in these water bodies. People who eat those shellfish may get very sick. Preliminary studies show that dog and cat waste can contribute up to 25% of the harmful bacteria found in our local lagoons. Be responsible and clean up after your pets. It's as easy as 1 —2—3! 1. Bring a bag. 2. Clean it up. 3. Dispose of waste properly in toilet or trash. How can YOU help keep the environment clean? Having a clean environment is of primary importance for our health and economy. Clean waterways provide commercial opportunities, recreation, fish habitat and add beauty to our landscape. YOU can help keep our creeks, lagoons and ocean clean by applying the following tips: • Carry a plastic bag when walking pets and be sure to pick up after them. • Clean up pet waste in your yard frequently. • Pick up after your pets before cleaning patios, driveways and other hard surfaced areas. Never hose pet waste into the street or gutter. The best way to dispose of pet waste is to flush it down the toilet because it gets treated by a sewage treatment plant. Other disposal methods for pet waste include sealing it in a bag and placing in trash or burying small quantities in your yard to decompose. Be sure to keep it away from vegetable gardens. A clean environment is important to all of us! Did you know that storm drains are NOT connected to sanitary sewer systems and treatment plants? The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rainwater away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Untreated storm water and the pollutants it carries, flow directly into creeks, lagoons and the ocean. In recent years, sources of water pollution like industrial waters from factories have been greatly reduced. However now, the majority of water pollution occurs from things like cars leaking oil, fertilizers from farms and gardens, failing septic tanks, pet waste and residential car washing into the storm drains and into the ocean and waterways. All these sources add up to a pollution problem! But each of us can do small things to help clean up our water and that adds up to a pollution solution! What's the problem with fertilizers and pesticides? Fertilizer isn't a problem—IF it's used carefully. If you use too much fertilizer or apply it at the wrong time, it can easily wash off your lawn or garden into storm drains and then flow untreated into lakes or streams. Just like in your garden, fertilizer in lagoons and streams makes plants grow. In water bodies, extra fertilizer can mean extra algae and aquatic plant growth. Too much algae harms water quality and makes boating, fishing and swimming unpleasant. As algae decay, they use up oxygen in the water that fish and other wildlife need. Fertilizer photo is used courtesy of the Water Quality Consortium, a cooperative venture between the Washington State Department of Ecology, King County and the cities of Bellevue, Seattle and Tacoma. Lawn & Garden Care Only Rain in the Storm Drain! Storm Water HOTIine: 760-502-2799 stormwater@ci.carlsbad.ca.us City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad CA 92008 www.ci.carlsbad.ca.us Storm Water PrqtectijonJ Storm Water HOTIine: 760-602-2799 How can YOU help keep the environment cleanl Having a clean environment is of primary importance for our health and economy. Clean waterways provide commercial opportunities, recreation, fish habitat and add beauty to our landscape. YOU can help keep our creeks, lagoons and ocean clean by applying the following tips: • Don't blow or rake leaves and other yard waste into the street or gutter. • Recycle yard waste or start your own compost pile. • Don't over irrigate. Use drip irrigation, soaker hoses or micro- spray system and water early in the morning. • If you have a spray head sprinkler system, consider adjusting your watering method to a cycle and soak. Instead of watering for 15 minutes straight, break up the session into 5 minute intervals allowing water to soak in before the next application. Keep irrigation systems well- maintained and water only when needed to save money and prevent over-watering. Use fertilizers and pesticides sparingly. Have your soil tested to determine the nutrients needed to maintain a healthy lawn. Consider using organic fertilizers— they release nutrients more slowly. Leave mulched grass clippings on the lawn to act as a natural fertilizer. • Use pesticides only when absolutely necessary. Use the least toxic product intended to target a specific pest, such as insecticidal soaps, boric acid, etc. Always read the label and use only as directed. • Use predatory insects to control harmful pests when possible. • Properly dispose of unwanted pesticides and fertilizers at Household Hazardous Waste collection facilities. For more information on landscape irrigation, please call 760-438-2722. Master Gardeners San Diego County has a Master Gardener program through the University of California Cooperative Extension. Master Gardeners can provide good information about dealing with specific pests and plants. You may call the Master Gardener Hotline at 858-694-2860 or check out their website at www.masterqardenerssandiego.Qrq. The hotline is staffed Monday—Friday, 9 am—3 pm, by experienced gardeners who are available to answer specific questions. Information from Master Gardeners is free to the public. §ln pjedJQambiente Hmpio es importante jjara todos! i,Sabia usted que los desagiies de Ituvia 6 alcantarillas no estan conectadas al sistema de drenaje sanitario 6 a las plantas de tratamiento de aguas negras? La funcion principal del desague 6 las alcantarillas es remover el agua de lluvia y asi evitar inundaciones. El agua que entra en los desagues va directamente a los arroyos, lagos y el oceano junto con la contamination depositada en las alcantarillas y las calles. En estos dias la contaminacion del agua causada directamente por fabricas e industrias se ha reducido significantemente. Ahora la mayoria de la contaminacion del agua origina de carros que tiran aceite, el sobre uso de .fertilizantes para plantas, tanques septicos danados, suciedad de animales y lavado de carros en zonas residenciales. Todos estos contaminantes se acumulan en los desagues 6 alcantarillados y son acarreados directamente al oceano cuando llueve. En suma todos contribuimos a un gran problema de contaminacion. jPero cada uno de nosotros puede hacer algo para limpiar el agua y participar en la solution a la contaminacion! iCual es el problema creado por el uso de fertilizantes y pesticidas? El fertilizante no es un problema SI se usa con cuidado. Usar un exceso de fertilizante 6 en la temporada incorrecta resulta en el que el fertilizante se deslave con la lluvia y se vaya por el desague 6 alcantarillas a nuestros arroyos, lagos y el oceano. Los fertilizantes en nuestros lagos y arroyos hacen que las plantas crezcan, tal como en el jardin. Pero en el oceano el fertilizante causa que las algas y plantas acuaticas sobrecrezcan. Y el exceso de algas marinas pueden ser daninas a la calidad del agua y causar que la pesca, natation y navegacion sean desagradables. Al echarse a perder las algas consumen el oxigeno del agua que los peces y otros animales necesitan para sobrevivir. La fotografia al frente es cortesia del Consorcio de Calidad de Agua, en cooperation con el Departamento Ecologico del Estado de Washington, el Condado de King, y las ciudades de Bellevue, Seattle y Tacoma. Cuidado del Jardin y Cesped jSolo Lluvia en el Alcantariliadol Linea de Asistencia: 760-602-2799 stormwater@ci.carlsbad.ca.us Ciudad de Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad CA 92008 www.ci.carlsbad.ca.us \ Printed on recycled paper :T" * "•:v- Ciudatf de (S|ftl;|ppi ; Program a de: PrQteeHlUdlC Si ste ma::de: Alcanaiiiti( Linea de Asistencia: 760-602-2799 jUst^d, RPesde ayudar a mantener nuestro medio ambiente limpio! Mantener el medio ambiente limpio es muy importante para nuestra salud y la economia. Conservar el agua limpia proporciona oportunidades para usos comerciales, recreativos, habitat para peces y aves, y agrega belleza a nuestro paisaje. Todos podemos ayudar a mantener los arroyos, las lagunas, y el oceano limpios sencillamente siguiendo estos consejos: . Al barrer o usar maquinas sopladoras no permita que las hojas de arbol y el cesped recien cortado entren en las alcantarillas o el desague. » Es preferible, convertir estos desperdicios del jardin en abono. » Usar sistemas de irrigacion de goteo y otras tecnicas de conservation del agua son altamente recomendables. Es preferible regar por la manana. « Los sistemas de riego automatico son mas eficientes si se programan con ciclos de cinco minutos y mas frecuentemente para que el agua humedezca bien la tierra. Mantener los sistemas de irrigacion limpios y en buenas condiciones es importante para reducir el desperdicio del agua. Regar soiamente cuando sea necesario reduce el uso del agua y ahorra dinero. Para mas informacion sobre sistemas de riego llame al 760-438-2722. Los pesticidas y fertilizantes deben usarse soiamente cuando sea absolutamente necesario. Para mantener un pasto saludable se recomienda hacer un analisis de la tierra para determinar cuales fertilizantes aplicar y en que temporada. Es recomendable usar fertilizantes organicos en vez de productos quimicos. En ocasiones se puede dejar el sacate recien cortado sobre el pasto ya que actua como un fertilizante natural. El uso de pesticidas debe ocurrir solo como ultimo recurso. Es preferible usar productos que sean bajos en toxicos, por ejemplo jabones insecticidas, acido borico, etc. Seguir las instrucciones en la etiqueta y usar el producto correctamente evita contaminar el agua de riego y lluvia. Cuando sea posible es preferible usar insectos predadores para controlar plagas. Los pesticidas y fertilizantes vencidos deben desecharse legalmente llevandolos a los centres de coleccion de substancias toxicas localizados en varias ciudades del condado de San Diego. Llame al 760-602-2799 para obtener mas informacion. Master Gardeners El condado de San Diego y la Universidad de California Extension Cooperativa, han creado el programa de Master Gardener. Los expertos de este programa estan disponibles para proporcionar informacion sobre plantas y plagas. Listed puede llamar a la linea de Master Gardeners al 858-694-2860 de lunes a viernes entre 9am y 3pm para obtener respuestas a sus preguntas. La pagina Internet www. masterqardenerssandieqo.org es otro recurso con informacion sobre estos temas. Esta informacion es totalmente gratis al publico. •4 The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rain water away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Storm drains are not connected to sanitary sewer systems and treatment plants. Untreated storm water and the pollutants it carries flow directly to creeks, lagoons and the ocean. .'' v,' > ">' is responsible for protecting storm water! Storm Water pollution prevention is a shared duty between the City of Carlsbad and the Community. Storm drains on public property are monitored and cleaned by the City. Everyone has a part to play in keeping our storm drains free of pollutants. Methods used to prevent storm water pollution are called Best Management Practices (BMPs). Storm water pollution comes from a variety of sources including: • Oil, fuel and fluids from vehicles and heavy equipment Lawn clippings, pesticide and fertilizer runoff from landscaping • Sediment and concrete from construction and landscaping activities • Bacteria from human and animal waste • Litter The City of Carlsbad is committed to improving water quality and reducing the amount of pollutants that enter our precious waterways. Why do we- a environment? Having a clean environment is of primary importance for our health and economy. Clean waterways provide commercial opportunities, recreation, fish habitat and „„.,. _..„ „ „ - ...._ - ,, add beauty to our I landscape. All of us .,,.;,,,,,«'. J benefit from clean water-and ail of us have a role in making and keeping our creeks, lagoons and ocean clean. •J*,* Sweep or Rake • Sweep up debris and put it in a trash can. Do not use a hose to wash off sidewalks, parking areas and garages. Rake up yard waste and start a compost pile. Reduce Use of Landscape Chemicals • Minimize the use of lawn and garden care products such as pesticides, insecticides, weed killers, fertilizers, herbicides and other chemicals. Avoid over-irrigation which washes chemicals into the gutter and storm drains. Use Soap Sparingly • When washing your car at home, use soap sparingly, divert washwater to landscaped areas and pour your bucket of soapy water down the sink. Never wash your car in the street. Clean up After Your Pets • Take a bag when you walk your pets and be sure to always clean up after them. Flush pet waste down the toilet or dispose of it in a sealed plastic bag and throw it in the trash. Buy Non-Toxic Products • When possible, use non-toxic products for household cleaning. If you must use a toxic cleaning product, buy smai! quantities, use it sparingly and properly dispose of unused portions. For the Household Hazardous Waste collection facility nearest you, call 1 -800-CLEANUP. ie City is regulated by a municipal storm water permit that was issued by the State Water Resources Control Board. The City's Storm Water Program helps to ensure compliance with the permit by: • Inspecting Carlsbad businesses and requiring BMPs to prevent pollution • Investigating and eliminating illegal discharges to the storm water system »"™'~' ' Overseeing and conducting water quality monitoring programs • Educating the public about ways to prevent storm water ,'i~ pollution In the strictest definition, only rain water can legally enter the storm drain. However, the permit currently allows some types of discharges into storm drains when BMPs are used to reduce pollutants. Some examples include: • Landscape irrigation and lawn watering runoff • Dechlorinated pool water • Residential car washing • Potable water sources • Foundation drains • Water line flushing The Storm Water Program operates a hotline and an e-mail address to receive referrals about storm water pollution and illegal discharges and to answer questions about storm water pollution prevention. If you see someone dumping or washing waste or pollutants to the street or storm drain, please call the hotline at 602- 2799 or send an email to storrtnwater@ci.carSsbacl.ca.ys. This information is entered into the City's Request for Action system and is routed to the appropriate person for response. e can 1 get Visit the City's website at www,ci,carlsbad,ca,ys/ to view brochures, documents or link to other water quality websites. Call the hotline at < to you. 12-2199 to have information sent To view a copy of the Permit, please go to Significant efforts are being made by City departments to help keep our waterways clean. A few program activities are listed below: • Educating the public and City employees about storm water pollution prevention through our website, brochures, publications, workshops and public events • Inspecting construction sites to ensure that developers are implementing Best Management Practices • implementing Best Management Practices at City facilities • Conducting industrial and commercial inspections to ensure businesses are aware of and complying with the storm water program requirements • Addressing storm water requirements for new development and significant redevelopment • Conducting water quality monitoring in the storm drain system and in our creeks, lagoons and ocean • Investigating reports of illegal discharges • Implementing a Watershed Urban Runoff Management Plan (WURMP) with the County and other North County cities to protect all of our waterways In the City of Carlsbad, storm drains flow directly into local creeks, lagoons and the ocean without treatment. Storm water pollution is a serious problem for our natural environment and for people who live near streams or wetlands. Storm water pollution comes from a variety of sources including oil, fuel, and fluids, from vehicles and heavy equipments, pesticide runoff from landscaping, and from materials such as concrete and mortar from construction activities. The City of Carlsbad is committed to improving water quality and reducing the amount of pollutants that enter our precious waterways. City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 HOTIine: stormwater@ci.carlsbad.ca.us March 2003 ML Did you know that storm drains are NOT connected to sanitary sewer systems or treatment plants? The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rainwater away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Untreated pollutants such as concrete and mortar flow directly into creeks, lagoons and the ocean and are toxic to fish, wildlife, and the aquatic environment. Disposing of these materials into storm drains causes serious ecological problems—and is PROHIBITED by law. This brochure was designed for do-it- yourself remodelers, homeowners, masons and bricklayers, contractors, and anyone else who uses concrete or mortar to complete a construction project. Keep storm water protection in mind whenever you or people you hire work on your house or property. Best Management Practices or BMPs are procedures and practices that help to prevent pollutants such as chemicals, concrete, mortar, pesticides, waste, paint, and other hazardous materials from entering our storm drains. All these sources add up to a pollution problem. But each of us can do our part to keep storm water clean. These efforts add up to a pollution solution! Set up and operate small mixers on tarps or heavy plastic drop cloths. Don't mix up more fresh concrete or mortar than you will need for a project. Protect applications of fresh concrete and mortar from rainfall and runoff until the material has dried. Always store both dry and wet materials under cover, protected from rainfall and runoff and away from storm drains or waterways. Protect dry materials from wind. Secure bags of concrete mix and mortar after they are open. Don't allow dry products to blow into driveways, sidewalks, streets, gutters, or storm drains. Keep all construction debris away from the street, gutter and storm drains. Never dispose of washout into the street, storm drains, landscape drains, drainage ditches, or streams. Empty mixing containers and wash out chutes onto dirt areas that do not flow to streets, drains or waterways, or allow material to dry and dispose of properly. Never wash excess material from bricklaying, patio, driveway or sidewalk construction into a street or storm drain. Sweep up and dispose of small amounts of excess dry concrete, grout, and mortar in the trash. Wash concrete or brick areas only when the wash water can flow onto a dirt area without further runoff or drain onto a surface which has been bermed so that the water and solids can be pumped off or vacuumed up for proper disposal. Do not place fill material, soil or compost piles on the sidewalk or street. If you or your contractor keep a dumpster at your site, be sure it is securely covered with a lid or tarp when not in use. During cleanup, check the street and gutters for sediment, refuse, or debris. Look around the corner or down the street and clean up any materials that may have already traveled away from your property. Environment is optant to AH of Us! Did you know that storm drains are NOT connected to sanitary sewer systems and treatment plants? The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rainwater away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Untreated storm water and the pollutants it carries, flow directly into creeks, lagoons and the ocean. In recent years, sources of water pollution like industrial waters from factories have been greatly reduced. However now, the majority of water pollution occurs from things like cars leaking oil, fertilizers from farms and gardens, failing septic tanks, pet waste and residential car washing into the storm drains and into the ocean and waterways. All these sources add up to a pollution problem! But each of us can do small things to help clean up our water and that adds up to a pollution solution! City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad CA 92008 Storm Water HOTiine: 760-602-2799 Funded by a grant from the California Integrated Waste Management Board '\Printed on recycled paper BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FOR AUTOMOTIVE SERVICE AND REPAIR SHOPS City of Carlsbad Storm Water Protection Prograi Storm Water HOTIine: 760-602-2799 Only Rain in the Storm Drain! Best Management Automotive service and repair shops contribute to storm water pollution through improper cleaning practices that allow oil, grease, cleaners, trash and other pollutants to flow into the street, gutter or storm drain. Pollutants deposited on surfaces, such as parking lot s and driveways, are washed away by rainwater and enter the storm drain system. These discharges pollute our creeks, lagoons and ocean and are prohibited by law. Below are recommended Best Management Practices for Automotive Service and Repair Shops. Operate a Clean. Dry Shop • Sweep, mop or vacuum the shop floor frequently. • Designate specific areas indoors for parts cleaning. • Clean up any spill immediately. • Keep rags, damp mops, absorbents and other cleaning supplies readily accessible in all work areas. • Use self-contained sinks and tanks when cleaning with solvents. • NEVER sweep or flush wastes into a sanitary sewer or storm drain. Protect Storm Drains Located on Your Property • Label all storm drain inlets on your property. • Inspect drain frequently for debris. Remove debris and dispose of it in the trash or other appropriate manner. • Mop, sweep or vacuum working areas and parking lots frequently. • NEVER use a hose to wash down an area and avoid using blowers which only displace residue. Prevent Spills and Leaks • Use drip pans and ground cloths beneath vehicles if you have leaks or when doing engine work. • Avoid performing repairs or work in exterior areas that are exposed to rainwater. • Drain fluids from leaking or wrecked vehicles as soon as possible. • Promptly transfer drained fluids to a designated waste storage area. • Place bulk fluids, waste fluids and batteries in a secondary containment to capture accidental spills. Dispose of Wastewater Properly • Soapy or oily vehicle wash waters must be pumped to the sanitary sewer system and may require installation of an oil-water separator. • If the waste water from your facility is not pumped to the sanitary sewer, you must capture and collect the water so it may be disposed of at an off-site location. • NEVER allow wastewater to enter the storm drain. Dispose of Hazardous Materials Properly • Follow all hazardous materials and waste disposal requirements. • Remember that oil or solvent-saturated absorbent must handled as hazardous waste. • Make sure solid waste containers are in good condition and secured against wind, leakage or other elements. Protect Outdoor Work and Storage Areas • If work or materials storage must be done outdoors, berm the area to trap pollutants in a confined area and protect from rain. • If you have an outdoor drain that is connected to a sanitary sewer, cover the area to prevent rain water from entering the sewer system. Employee Training • Use signage to label storm drains. • Ensure that all employees know the location of storm drains on the property. • Educate employees on the proper way to clean up spills and prevent pollutants from entering the storm drain. Practice Waste Reduction and Recycling • Recycle used motor oil and oil filters. • Collect all used oil in containers with tight fitting lids. Do not mix different engine fluids. • Reuse wash water and water used in flushing and testing radiators. Safer Alternative Products SC-61 Descriptions Promote the use of less harmful products. Alternatives exist for most product classes including chemical fertilizers, pesticides, cleaning solutions, janitorial chemicals, automotive and paint products, and consumables (batteries, fluorescent lamps). Approach Develop a comprehensive program based on: • The "Precautionary Principle," which is an alternative to the "Risk Assessment'' model that says it's acceptable to use a potentially harmful product until physical evidence of its harmful effects are established and deemed too costly from an environmental or public health perspective. For instance, a risk assessment approach might say it's acceptable to use a pesticide until there is direct proof of an environmental impact. The Precautionary Principle approach is used to evaluate whether a given product is safe, whether it is really necessary, and whether alternative products would perform just as well. • Environmentally Preferable Purchasing Program to minimize the purchase of products containing hazardous ingredients used in the facility's custodial services, fleet maintenance, and facility maintenance in favor of using alternate products that pose less risk to employees and to the environment. • Integrated Pest Management (IPM) or Less-Toxic Pesticide Program, which uses a pest management approach that minimizes the use of toxic chemicals and gets rid of pests by methods that pose a lower risk to employees, the public, and the environment. • Energy Efficiency Program including no-cost and low-cost energy conservation and efficiency actions that can reduce both energy consumption and electricity bills, along with long-term energy efficiency investments. Consider the following mechanisms for developing and implementing a comprehensive program: • Policies • Procedures - Standard operating procedures (SOPs) - Purchasing guidelines and procedures Objectives • Educate • Reduce/Minimize • Product Substitution Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients 0 Trash Metals 0 Bacteria Oil and Grease 0 Organics 0 Oxygen Demanding January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com i of 4 SC-61 Safer Alternative Products Bid packages (services and supplies) • Materials Preferred or approved product and supplier lists Product and supplier evaluation criteria Training sessions and manuals Fact sheets for employees Training • Employees who handle potentially harmful materials in the use of safer alternatives. • Purchasing departments should be encouraged to procure less hazardous materials and products that contain little or no harmful substances or TMDL pollutants. Regulations This BMP has no regulatory requirements. Existing regulations already encourage facilities to reduce the use of hazardous materials through incentives such as reduced: • Specialized equipment storage and handling requirements, • Stormwater runoff sampling requirements, • Training and licensing requirements, and • Record keeping and reporting requirements. Equipment • There are no major equipment requirements to this BMP. Limitations • Alternative products may not be available, suitable, or effective in every case. Requirements Costs • The primary cost is for staff time to: i) develop new policies and procedures and a) educate purchasing departments and employees who handle potentially harmful materials about the availability, procurement, and use of safer alternatives. • Some alternative products may be slightly more expensive than conventional products. Supplemental Information Employees and contractors / sendee providers can both be educated about safer alternatives by using information developed by a number of organizations including the references and resources listed below. 2 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Safer Alternative Products SC-61 The following discussion provides some general information on safer alternatives. More specific information on particular hazardous materials and the available alternatives may be found in the references and resources listed below. • Automotive products - Less toxic alternatives are not available for many automotive products, especially engine fluids. But there are alternatives to grease lubricants, ear polishes, degreasers, and windshield washer solution. Rerefined motor oil is also available. • Vehicle/Trailer lubrication - Fifth wheel bearings on trucks require routine lubrication. Adhesive lubricants are available to replace typical chassis grease. • Cleaners - Vegetables-based or citrus-based soaps are available to replace petroleum-based soaps/detergents. • Paint products - Water-based paints, wood preservatives, stains, and finishes are available. • Pesticides - Specific alternative products or methods exist to control most insects, fungi, and weeds. • Chemical Fertilizers - Compost and soil amendments are natural alternatives. • Consumables - Manufacturers have either reduced or are in the process of reducing the amount of heavy metals in consumables such as batteries and fluorescent lamps. All fluorescent lamps contain mercury, however low-mercury containing lamps are now available from most hardware and lighting stores. Fluorescent lamps are also more energy efficient than the average incandescent lamp. • Janitorial chemicals - Even biodegradable soap can harm fish and wildlife before it biodegrades. Biodegradable does not mean non-toxic. Safer products and procedures are available for floor stripping and cleaning, as well as carpet, glass, metal, and restroom cleaning and disinfecting. Examples There are a number of business and trade associations, and communities with effective programs. Some of the more prominent are listed below in the references and resources section. References and Resources Note: Many of these references provide alternative products for materials that typically are used inside and disposed to the sanitary sewer as well as alternatives to products that usually end up in the storm drain. General Sustainable Practices and Pollution Prevention Including Pollutant- Spedfie Information California Department of Toxic Substances Control (www.dtsc.ca.gov) California Integrated Waste Management Board (www.ciwmb.ca.gov) City of Santa Monica (www.santa-monica.org/environment) City of Palo Alto (www.city.palo-alto.ca.us/cleanbay) JanuaiY 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 4 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SC-61 Safer Alternative Products City and County of San Francisco, Department of the Environment (www.ci.sf.ca.us/sfeiivironment) Earth 911 (www.earthgil.org/master.asp) Environmental Finance Center Region IX (www.greenstart.Qrg/efc9) Flex Your Power (www.flexyQurpower.ca.gGv) GreenBiz.com (www.greenbiz.com) Green Business Program (www.abag.oi-g/bayarea/enviro/gbus/gb.html) Pacific Industrial and Business Association (www.piba.org) Sacramento Clean Water Business Partners (www.sacstorniwateF.org) USEPA BMP fact sheet - Alternative products (http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stoniiwater/menuofbmps/poll_2.cfm) USEPA Region IX Pollution Prevention Program (www.epa.gov/regiQnog/pa) Western Regional Pollution Prevention Network (www.westp2net.org) Metals (mercury, copper) National Electrical Manufacturers Association - Environment, Health and Safety (www.nema.org) Sustainable Conservation (www.suscon.org) Auto Recycling Project Brake Pad Partnership Pesticides and Chemical Fertilizers Bio-Integral Resource Center (www.birc.org) California Department of Pesticide Regulation (www.cdpr.ca.gov) University of California Statewide IPM Program (www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/default.html) Dioxins Bay Area Dioxins Project (http://dioxin.abag.ca.gov/) 4 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Waste Handling & Disposal SC-34 Description Improper storage and handling of solid wastes can allow toxic compounds, oils and greases, heavy metals, nutrients, suspended solids, and other pollutants to enter stormwater runoff. The discharge of pollutants to stormwater from waste handling and disposal can be prevented and reduced by tracking waste generation, storage, and disposal; reducing waste generation and disposal through source reduction, re-use, and recycling; and preventing ranon and runoff. Approach Pollution Prevention m Reduction in the amount of waste generated can be accomplished using the following source controls such as: Production planning and sequencing Process or equipment modification Raw material substitution or elimination Loss prevention and housekeeping Waste segregation and separation Close loop recycling • Establish a material tracking system to increase awareness about material usage. This may reduce spills and minimize contamination, thus reducing the amount of waste produced. Recycle materials whenever possible. Objectives • Cover • Contain • Educate • Reduce/Minimize • Product Substitution Targeted Constituents Sediment 0 Nutrients 0 Trash 13 Metals El Bacteria 0 Oil and Grease 0 Organics 0 Oxygen Demanding 0 January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphartdbooks.com i of 5 SC-34 Waste Handling & Disposal Suggested Protocols General • Cover storage containers with leak proof lids or some other means. If waste is not in containers, cover all waste piles (plastic tarps are acceptable coverage) and prevent stormwater runon and runoff with a berm. The waste containers or piles must be covered except when in use. • Use drip pans or absorbent materials whenever grease containers are emptied by vacuum trucks or other means. Grease cannot be left on the ground. Collected grease must be properly disposed of as garbage. • Check storage containers weekly for leaks and to ensure that lids are on tightly. Replace any that are leaking, corroded, or otherwise deteriorating. • Sweep and clean the storage area regularly. If it is paved, do not hose down the area to a storm drain. • Dispose of rinse and wash water from cleaning waste containers into a sanitary sewer if allowed by the local sewer authority. Do not discharge wash water to the street or storm drain. • Transfer waste from damaged containers into safe containers. • Take special care when loading or unloading wastes to minimize losses. Loading systems can be used to minimize spills and fugitive emission losses such as dust or mist. Vacuum transfer systems can minimize waste loss. Controlling Litter m Post "No Littering" signs and enforce anti-litter laws. • Provide a sufficient number of litter receptacles for the facility. • Clean out and cover litter receptacles frequently to prevent spillage. Waste Collection m Keep waste collection areas clean. • Inspect solid waste containers for structural damage or leaks regularly. Repair or replace damaged containers as necessary. • Secure solid waste containers; containers must be closed tightly when not in use. • Place waste containers under cover if possible. • Do not fill waste containers with washout water or any other liquid. • Ensure that only appropriate solid wastes are added to the solid waste container. Certain wastes such as hazardous wastes, appliances, fluorescent lamps, pesticides, etc. may not be 2 of 5 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Waste Handling & Disposal _ SC-34 disposed of in solid waste containers (see chemical/ hazardous waste collection section below). • Do not mix wastes; this can cause chemical reactions, make recycling impossible, and complicate disposal, Good Housekeeping m Use all of the product before disposing of the container. • Keep the waste management area clean at all times by sweeping and cleaning up spills immediately, • Use dry methods when possible (e.g. sweeping, use of absorbents) when cleaning around restaurant /food handling dumpster areas. If water mnst be used after sweeping/using absorbents, collect water and discharge through grease interceptor to the sewer. • Stencil storm drains on the facility's property with prohibitive message regarding waste disposal. Chemical/Hazardous • Select designated hazardous waste collection areas on-site. • Store hazardous materials and wastes in covered containers protected from vandalism, and in compliance with fire and hazardous waste codes. • Place hazardous waste containers in secondary containment. • Make sure that hazardous waste is collected, removed, and disposed of only at authorized disposal areas. Runon/Ritnoff Prevention m Prevent stormwater ruiion from entering the waste management area by enclosing the area or building a berm around the area. • Prevent the waste materials from directly contacting rain. • Cover waste piles with temporary covering material such as reinforced tarpaulin, polyethylene, polyurethane, polypropyleneor hypalon. • Cover the area with a permanent roof if feasible. • Cover dunipsters to prevent rain from washing waste out of holes or cracks in the bottom of the dumpster. • Move the activity indoor after ensuring all safety concerns such as fire hazard and ventilation are addressed. Inspection January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 5 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SC-34 Waste Handling & Disposal • Inspect and replace faulty pumps or hoses regularly to minimize the potential of releases and spills. • Check waste management areas for leaking containers or spills, • Repair leaking equipment including valves, lines, seals, or pumps promptly. Training • Train staff pollution prevention measures and proper disposal methods. • Train employees and contractors proper spill containment and cleanup. The employee should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill if one should occur. • Train employees and subcontractors in proper hazardous waste management. Spill Response and Prevention m Refer to SC-n, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup. • Keep your Spill Prevention Control and countermeasure (SPCC) plan up-to-date, and implement accordingly. • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location. • Cleanup spills immediately and use diy methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. » Vehicles transporting waste should have spill prevention equipment that can prevent spills during transport. The spill prevention equipment includes: - Vehicles equipped with baffles for liquid waste - Trucks with sealed gates and spill guards for solid waste Other Considerations • Hazardous waste cannot be re-used or recycled; it must be disposed of by a licensed hazardous waste hauler. Requirements Costs • Capital and operation and maintenance costs will vary substantially depending on the size of the facility and the types of waste handled. Costs should be low if there is an inventor}7 program in place. Maintenance • None except for maintaining equipment for material tracking program. 4 of 5 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Waste Handling & Disposal SC-34 Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP Land Treatment System • Minimize the runoff of polluted stormwater from land application of municipal waste on-site by: Choosing a site where slopes are under 6%, the soil is permeable, there is a low water table, it is located away from wetlands or marshes, there is a closed drainage system. Avoiding application of waste to the site when it is raining or when the ground is saturated with water. Growing vegetation on land disposal areas to stabilize soils and reduce the volume of surface water runoff from the site. Maintaining adequate barriers between the land application site and the receiving waters. Planted strips are particularly good. Using erosion control techniques such as mulching and matting, filter fences, straw bales, diversion terracing, and sediment basins. Performing routine maintenance to ensure the erosion control or site stabilization measures are working. References and Resources King County Stormwater Pollution Control Manual - http://dnr.nietrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htni Orange County Stormwater Program http://\vw\v.ocwatersheds.com/StormWater/s\vp_introduction.asp Pollution from Surface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Associations (BASMAA). On-line: http://www.basmaa.org January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 5 Municipal vvwvv.cabmphandbooks.com Drainage System Maintenance SC-74 Photo Credit: Geoff Brosseau Description As a consequence of its function, the stormwater conveyance system collects and transports urban runoff that may contain certain pollutants. Maintaining catch basins, stormwater inlets, and other stormwater conveyance structures on a regular basis will remove pollutants, prevent clogging of the downstream conveyance system, restore catch basins' sediment trapping capacity, and ensure the system functions properly hydraulically to avoid flooding, Approach Suggested Protocols Catch Basins/Inlet Structures m Municipal staff should regularly inspect facilities to ensure the following: Immediate repair of any deterioration threatening structural integrity'. Cleaning before the sump is 40% full. Catch basins should be cleaned as frequently as needed to meet this standard. - Stenciling of catch basins and inlets (see SC-ys Waste Handling and Disposal). • Clean catch basins, storm drain inlets, and other conveyance structures in high pollutant load areas just before the wet season to remove sediments and debris accumulated during the summer. Objectives • Contain • Educate • Reduce/Minimize Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Qrganics Oxygen Demanding 0m0 January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cai3mphanclbooks.com 1 of 9 SC-74 Drainage System Maintenance • Conduct inspections more frequently during the wet season for problem areas where sediment or trash accumulates more often. Clean and repair as needed, • Keep accurate logs of the number of catch basins cleaned. • Record the amount of waste collected. » Store wastes collected from cleaning activities of the drainage system in appropriate containers or temporary storage sites in a manner that prevents discharge to the storm drain. • Dewater the wastes with outflow into the sanitary sewer if permitted. Water should be treated with an appropriate filtering device prior to discharge to the sanitary sewer. If discharge to the sanitary sewer is not allowed, water should be pumped or vacuumed to a tank and properly disposed of. Do not dewater near a storm drain or stream. • Except for small communities with relatively few catch basins that may be cleaned manually, most municipalities will require mechanical cleaners such as eductors, vacuums, or bucket loaders. Storm Drain Conveyance System • Locate reaches of storm drain with deposit problems and develop a flushing schedule that keeps the pipe clear of excessive buildup. » Collect flushed effluent and pump to the sanitary sewer for treatment. Pump Stations m Clean all storm drain pump stations prior to the wet season to remove silt and trash. • Do not allow discharge from cleaning a storm drain pump station or other facility to reach the storm drain system. • Conduct quarterly routine maintenance at each pump station. • Inspect, clean, and repair as necessary all outlet structures prior to the wet season. • Sample collected sediments to determine if landfill disposal is possible, or illegal discharges in the watershed are occurring. Open Channel » Consider modification of storm channel characteristics to improve channel hydraulics, to increase pollutant removals, and to enhance channel/creek aesthetic and habitat value. • Conduct channel modification/improvement in accordance with existing laws. Any person, government agency, or public utility proposing an activity that will change the natural (emphasis added) state of any river, stream, or lake in California, must enter into a steam or Lake Alteration Agreement with the Department of Fish and Game. The developer-applicant should also contact local governments (city, county, special districts), other state agencies 2 of 9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphartdbooks.com Drainage System Maintenance SC-74 (SWRCB, RWQCB, Department of Forestry, Department of Water Resources), and Federal Coips of Engineers and USFWS Illicit Connections and Discharges m During routine maintenance of conveyance system and drainage structures field staff should look for evidence of illegal discharges or illicit connections: Is there evidence of spills such as paints, discoloring, etc. Are there any odors associated with the drainage system Record locations of apparent illegal discharges/illicit connections Track flows back to potential dischargers and conduct aboveground inspections. This can he done through visual inspection of up gradient manholes or alternate techniques including zinc chloride smoke testing, fluorometrie dye testing, physical inspection testing, or television camera inspection. Once the origin of flow is established, require illicit discharger to eliminate the discharge. • Stencil storm drains, where applicable, to prevent illegal disposal of pollutants. Storm drain inlets should have messages such as "Dump No Waste Drams to Stream" stenciled next to them to warn against ignorant or intentional dumping of pollutants into the storm drainage system. » Refer to fact sheet SC-io Non-Stormwater Discharges. Illegal Dumping m Regularly inspect and clean up hot spots and other storm drainage areas where illegal dumping and disposal occurs. • Establish a system for tracking incidents. The system should be designed to identify the following: Illegal dumping hot spots Types and quantities (in some cases) of wastes Patterns in time of occurrence (time of day/night, month, or year) Mode of dumping (abandoned containers, "midnight dumping" from moving vehicles, direct dumping of materials, accidents/spills) Responsible parties • Post "No Dumping" signs in problem areas with a phone number for reporting dumping and disposal. Signs should also indicate fines and penalties for illegal dumping. • Refer to fact sheet SC-io Non-Stormwater Discharges, January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 9 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SO74 Drainage System Maintenance • The State Department of Fish and Game has a hotline for reporting violations called Cal TIP (1-800-952-5400). The phone number may be used to report any violation of a Fish and Game code (illegal dumping, poaching, etc.). • The California Department of Toxic Substances Control's Waste Alert Hotline, 1-800- &9TOXIC, can be used to report hazardous waste violations. Training • Train crews in proper maintenance activities, including record keeping and disposal. • Only properly trained individuals are allowed to handle hazardous materials/wastes. • Train municipal employees from all departments (public works, utilities, street cleaning, parks and recreation, industrial waste inspection, hazardous waste inspection, sewer maintenance) to recognize and report illegal dumping. • Train municipal employees and educate businesses, contractors, and the general public in proper and consistent methods for disposal. • Train municipal staff regarding non-stormwater discharges (See SC-io Non-Stormwater Discharges). Spill Response and Prevention m Refer to SC-il, Prevention, Control & Cleanup • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location. • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. Other Considerations • Cleanup activities may create a slight disturbance for local aquatic species. Access to items and material on private property may be limited. Trade-offs may exist between channel hydraulics and water quality/riparian habitat. If storm channels or basins are recognized as wetlands, many activities, including maintenance, may be subject to regulation and permitting. • Storm drain flushing is most effective in small diameter pipes (36-inch diameter pipe or less, depending on water supply and sediment collection capacity). Other considerations associated with storm drain flushing may include the availability of a water source, finding a downstream area to collect sediments, liquid/sediment disposal, and disposal of flushed effluent to sanitary sewer may be prohibited in some areas. • Regulations may include adoption of substantial penalties for illegal dumping and disposal. • Municipal codes should include sections prohibiting the discharge of soil, debris, refuse, hazardous wastes, and other pollutants into the storm drain system. » Private property access rights may be needed to track illegal discharges up gradient. 4 of 9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Drainage System Maintenance SC-74 • Requirements of municipal ordinance authority for suspected source verification testing for illicit connections necessary for guaranteed rights of entry. Requirements Costs • An aggressive catch basin cleaning program could require a significant capital and O&M budget. A careful study of cleaning effectiveness should be undertaken before increased cleaning is implemented. Catch basin cleaning costs are less expensive if vacuum street sweepers are available; cleaning catch basins manually can cost approximately twice as much as cleaning the basins with a vacuum attached to a sweeper. • Methods used for illicit connection detection (smoke testing, dye testing, visual inspection, and flow monitoring) can be costly and time-consuming. Site-specific factors, such as the level of impervious area, the density and ages of buildings, and type of land use will determine the level of investigation necessary. Encouraging reporting of illicit discharges by employees can offset costs by saving expense on inspectors and directing resources more efficiently. Some programs have used funds available from "environmental fees" or special assessment districts to fund their illicit connection elimination programs. Maintenance • Two-person teams may be required to clean catch basins with vactor trucks. • Identifying illicit discharges requires teams of at least two people (volunteers can be used), plus administrative personnel, depending on the complexity of the storm sewer system. • Arrangements must be made for proper disposal of collected wastes. • Requires technical staff to detect and investigate illegal dumping violations, and to coordinate public education. Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP Storm Drain flushing Sanitary sewer flushing is a common maintenance activity used to improve pipe hydraulics and to remove pollutants in sanitary sewer systems. The same principles that make sanitary sewer flushing effective can be used to flush storm drains. Flushing may be designed to hydraulically convey accumulated material to strategic locations, such as to an open channel, to another point where flushing will be initiated, or over to the sanitary sewer and on to the treatment facilities, thus preventing re-suspension and overflow of a portion of the solids during storm events. Flushing prevents "plug flow" discharges of concentrated pollutant loadings and sediments. The deposits can hinder the designed conveyance capacity of the storm drain system and potentially cause backwater conditions in severe cases of clogging. Storm drain flushing usually takes place along segments of pipe with grades that are too flat to maintain adequate velocity to keep particles in suspension. An upstream manhole is selected to place an inflatable device that temporarily plugs the pipe. Further upstream, water is pumped into the line to create a flushing wave. Mien the upstream reach of pipe is sufficiently full to January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 9 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SO74 Drainage System Maintenance cause a flushing wave, the inflated device is rapidly deflated with the assistance of a vacuum pump, releasing the backed up water and resulting in the cleaning of the storm drain segment. To further reduce the impacts of stormwater pollution, a second inflatable device, placed well downstream, may be used to re-collect the water after the force of the flushing wave has dissipated. A pump may then be used to transfer the water and accumulated material to the sanitary sewer for treatment. In some cases, an interceptor structure may be more practical or required to re-collect the flushed waters. It has been found that cleansing efficiency of periodic flush waves is dependent upon flush volume, flush discharge rate, sewer slope, sewer length, sewer flow rate, sewer diameter, and population density. As a rule of thumb, the length of line to be flushed should not exceed 700 feet. At this maximum recommended length, the percent removal efficiency ranges between 65- 75 percent for organics and 55-65 percent for dry weather grit/inorganic material. The percent removal efficiency drops rapidly beyond that. Water is commonly supplied by a water truck, but fire hydrants can also supply water. To make the best use of water, it is recommended that reclaimed water be used or that fire hydrant line flushing coincide with storm drain flushing. Flow Management Flow management has been one of the principal motivations for designing urban stream corridors in the past. Such needs may or may not be compatible with the stormwater quality goals in the stream corridor. Downstream flood peaks can be suppressed by reducing through flow velocity. This can be accomplished by reducing gradient with grade control structures or increasing roughness with boulders, dense vegetation, or complex banks forms. Reducing velocity correspondingly increases flood height, so all such measures have a natural association with floodplain open space. Flood elevations laterally adjacent to the stream can be lowered by increasing through flow velocity. However, increasing velocity increases flooding downstream and inherently conflicts with channel stability and human safety. Where topography permits, another way to lower flood elevation is to lower the level of the floodway with drop structures into a large but subtly excavated bowl where flood flows we allowed to spread out. Stream Corridor Planning Urban streams receive and convey stormwater flows from developed or developing watersheds. Planning of stream corridors thus interacts with urban stormwater management programs. If local programs are intended to control or protect downstream environments by managing flows delivered to the channels, then it is logical that such programs should be supplemented by management of the materials, forms, and uses of the downstream riparian corridor. Any proposal for steam alteration or management should be investigated for its potential flow and stability effects on upstream, downstream, and laterally adjacent areas. The timing and rate of flow from various tributaries can combine in complex ways to alter flood hazards. Each section of channel is unique, influenced by its own distribution of roughness elements, management activities, and stream responses. 5of9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Drainage System Maintenance SC-74 Flexibility to adapt to stream features and behaviors as they evolve must be included in stream reclamation planning. The amenity and ecology of streams may be enhanced through the landscape design options of i) corridor reservation, 2) bank treatment, 3) geomorphic restoration, and 4) grade control. Corridor reservation - Reserving stream corridors and valleys to accommodate natural stream meandering, aggradation, degradation, and over bank flows allows streams to find their own form and generate less ongoing erosion. In California, open stream corridors in recent urban developments have produced recreational open space, irrigation of streamside plantings, and the aesthetic amenity of flowing water. Bank treatment - The use of armoring, vegetative cover, and flow deflection may be used to influence a channel's form, stability, and biotic habitat. To prevent bank erosion, armoring can be done with rigid construction materials, such as concrete, masonry, wood planks and logs, riprap, and gabions. Concrete linings have been criticized because of their lack of provision of biotic habitat. In contrast, riprap and gabions make relatively porous and flexible linings. Boulders, placed in the bed reduce velocity and erosive power. Riparian vegetation can stabilize the banks of streams that are at or near a condition of equilibrium. Binding networks of roots increase bank shear strength. During flood flows, resilient vegetation is forced into erosion-inhibiting mats. The roughness of vegetation leads to lower velocity, further reducing erosive effects. Structural flow deflection can protect banks from erosion or alter fish habitat. By concentrating flow, a deflector causes a pool to be scoured in the bed. Geomorphic restoration - Restoration refers to alteration of disturbed streams so their form and behavior emulate those of undisturbed streams. Natural meanders are retained, with grading to gentle slopes on the inside of curves to allow point bars and riffle-pool sequences to develop. Trees are retained to provide scenic quality, biotic productivity, and roots for bank stabilization, supplemented by plantings where necessary. A restorative approach can be successful where the stream is already approaching equilibrium. However, if upstream urbanization continues new flow regimes will be generated that could disrupt the equilibrium of the treated system. Grade Control - A grade control structure is a level shelf of a permanent material, such as stone, masonry, or concrete, over which stream water flows. A grade control structure is called a sill, weir, or drop structure, depending on the relation of its invert elevation to upstream and downstream channels. A sill is installed at the preexisting channel bed elevation to prevent upstream migration of nick points. It establishes a firm base level below which the upstream channel can not erode. A weir or check dam is installed with invert above the preexisting bed elevation. A weir raises the local base level of the stream and causes aggradation upstream. The gradient, velocity, and erosive potential of the stream channel are reduced. A drop structure lowers the downstream invert below its preexisting elevation, reducing downstream gradient and velocity. Weirs and drop structure control erosion by dissipating energy and reducing slope velocity. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 7 of 9 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SC-74 Drainage System Maintenance When carefully applied, grade control structures can be highly versatile in establishing human and environmental benefits in stabilized channels. To be successful, application of grade control structures should be guided by analysis of the stream system both upstream and downstream from the area to he reclaimed. Examples The California Department of Water Resources began the Urban Stream Restoration Program in 1985. The program provides grant funds to municipalities and community groups to implement stream restoration projects. The projects reduce damages from streambank aid watershed instability arid floods while restoring streams' aesthetic, recreational, and fish and wildlife values. In Buena Vista Park, upper floodway slopes are gentle and grassed to achieve continuity of usable park land across the channel of small boulders at the base of the slopes. The San Diego River is a large, vegetative lined channel, which was planted in a variety of species to support riparian wildlife while stabilizing the steep banks of the floodway. References and Resources Ferguson, B.K, 1991. Urban Stream Reclamation, p. 324-322, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation. Los Angeles County Stormwater Quality. Public Agency Activities Model Program. On-line: http://ladpw.org/wmd/npdes/public TC.cfm Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commission, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. July. 1998. Orange County Stormwater Program http://www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWater/swp intr.oductiou.asp Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 1997 Urban Runoff Management Plan. September 1997, updated October 2000. San Diego Stormwater Co-permittees Jurisdictional Urban Runoff Management Prop-am (URMP) Municipal Activities Model Program Guidance. 2001. Project Clean Water. November. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999. Stormwater Management Fact Sheet Non-stonnwater Discharges to Storm Sewers. EPA 832^-99-022. Office of Water, Washington, D.C. September. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1999. Stormwater O&M Fact Sheet Catch Basin Cleaning. EPA Ssa-F-gg-oii. Office of Water, Washington, D.C. September. 8 of 9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Drainage System Maintenance SC-74 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Illegal Dumping Control. On line: http://www.epa.gov/npdes/menuofbmps/poll 7.htm United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Storm Drain System Cleaning. On line: http://wmv.epa.gov/npdes/menuofbmps/poll i6.htm January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 9 of 9 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Waste Handling and Disposal SC-75 Description It is important to control litter to eliminate trash and other materials in stonnwater runoff. Waste reduction is a major component of waste management and should be encouraged through training and public outreach. Management of waste once it is collected may involve reuse, recycling, or proper disposal. Approach Pollution Prevention m Reuse products when possible. • Encourage recycling programs with recycling bins, used oil collection, etc. Suggested Protocols Solid Waste Collection m Implement procedures, where applicable, to collect, transport, and dispose of solid waste at appropriate disposal facilities in accordance with applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. • Include properly designed trash storage areas. If feasible provide cover over trash storage areas. • Regularly inspect solid waste containers for structural damage. Repair or replace damaged containers as necessary. Objectives • Cover • Contain » Educate • Reduce/Reuse Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals I Bacteria I Oil and Grease 1 Organics I Oxygen Demanding El January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 1 of 4 SC-75 Waste Handling and Disposal • Secure solid waste containers; containers must be closed tightly when not in use. • Do not fill waste containers with washout water or any other liquid. • Ensure that only appropriate solid wastes are added to the solid waste container. Certain wastes such as hazardous wastes, appliances, fluorescent lamps, pesticides, etc. may not be disposed of in solid waste containers (see chemical/ hazardous waste collection section below). • Do not mix wastes; this can cause chemical reactions, make recycling impossible, and complicate disposal. • Refer to SC-34 Waste Handling and Disposal for more information regarding solid waste facilities. Waste Reduction and Recycling m Recycle wastes whenever possible. Many types of waste can be recycled, recycling options for each waste type are limited. All gasoline, antifreeze, waste oil, and lead-acid batteries can be recycled. Latex and oil-based paint can be reused, as well as recycled. Materials that cannot be reused or recycled should either be incinerated or disposed of at a properly permitted landfill. • Recycling is always preferable to disposal of unwanted materials. • Recycling bins for glass, metal, newspaper, plastic bottles and other recyclable household solid wastes should be provided at public facilities and/or for residential curbside collection. Controlling Litter • Post "No Littering" signs and enforce anti-litter laws. • Provide litter receptacles in busy, high pedestrian traffic areas of the community, at recreational facilities, and at community events. • Clean out and cover litter receptacles frequently to prevent spillage. Illegal Dumping Substances illegally dumped on streets and into the storm drain system and creeks include paints, used oil and other automotive fluids, construction debris, chemicals, fresh concrete, leaves, grass clipping, and pet wastes. • Post "No Dumping" signs with a phone number for reporting dumping and disposal. Signs should also indicate fines and penalties for illegal dumping. • Landscaping and beautification efforts of hot spots might also discourage future dumping. • See SC-74 Drainage System Maintenance, and SC-io Non-Stormwater Discharges. 2 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Waste Handling and Disposal SC-75 Requirements Costs m The costs for a solid waste source control prop-am vary depending on the type of method. The cost of a community education program or a plan to increase the number of trash receptacles can he very minimal. Costs for structural controls such as trash racks, bar screens, and silt traps can be quite costly ranging from $250,000 to $900,000. • A collection facility or curbside collection for used oil may result in significant costs. Commercial locations (automobile service stations, quick oil change centers, etc.) as collection points eliminate hauling and recycling costs. • Collection and disposal of hazardous waste can he veiy expensive and requires trained operators; laboratory and detection equipment; and extensive record keeping including dates, types, and quantities. • Use of volunteer work forces can lower storm drain stenciling program costs. Stenciling kits require procurement of durable/disposable items. The stenciling program can aid in the cataloging of the storm drain system. One municipality from the state of Washington has estimated that stenciling kits cost approximately $50 each. Stencils may cost about $8 each including the die cost on an order of 1,000. Re-orders cost about $i/stencil. Stencil designs may be available from other communities. Stencil kits should be provided on a loan basis to volunteer groups free of charge with the understanding that kit remnants are to be returned. Maintenance • The primary staff demand for stenciling programs is for program setup to provide marketing and training. Ongoing/follow-up staff time is minimal because of volunteer services. • Staffing requirements are minimal for oil recycling programs if collection/recycling is contracted out to a used oil hauler/recycler or required at commercial locations. • Staff requirements for maintaining good housekeeping BMPs at waste handling sites is minimal. Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP Waste. Reduction An approach to reduce stonnwater pollution from waste handling and disposal is to assess activities and reduce waste generation. The assessment is designed to find situations where waste can be eliminated or reduced and emissions and environmental damage can be minimized. The assessment involves collecting process specific information, setting pollution prevention targets, and developing, screening and selecting waste reduction options for further study. Starting a waste reduction program is economically beneficial because of reduced raw material purchases and lower waste disposal fees. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 4 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SC-75 Waste Handling and Disposal References and Resources Best Management Practices Program for Pollution Prevention, City and County of San Francisco, Uribe & Associates, Oakland, California, 1990. Harvard University. 2002. Solid Waste Container Best Management Practices - Fact Sheet On- Line Resources - Environmental Health and Safety. Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To-Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commission, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. July 1998. (Revised February 2002 by the California Coastal Commission). Orange County Stormwater Program http://\v\vw.ocwatersheds.com/StormWater/s\vp introduction.asp. Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 1997 Urban Runoff Management Plan. September 1997, updated October 2000. 4 Of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabrnphandbooks.com Road and Street Maintenance SC-70 Description Streets, roads, and highways are significant sources of pollutants in stormwater discharges, and operation and maintenance (O&M) practices, if not conducted properly, can contribute to the problem. Stormwater pollution from roadway and bridge maintenance should be addressed on a site-specific basis. Use of the procedures outlined below, that address street sweeping and repair, bridge and structure maintenance, and unpaved roads will reduce pollutants in stormwater. Approach Pollution Prevention m Use the least toxic materials available (e.g. water based paints, gels or sprays for graffiti removal) • Recycle paint and other materials whenever possible. • Enlist the help of citizens to keep yard waste, used oil, and other wastes out of the gutter. Suggested Protocols Street Sweeping and Cleaning m Maintain a consistent sweeping schedule. Provide minimum monthly sweeping of curbed streets. • Perform street cleaning during dry weather if possible. Objectives • Cover • Contain • Educate • Reduce/Minimize • Product Substitution Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Oxygen Demanding 0 m January 2Q03 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphanclbooks.com 1 of 9 SC-70 Road and Street Maintenance • Avoid wet cleaning or flushing of street, and utilize dry methods where possible. m Consider increasing sweeping frequency based on factors such as traffic volume, land use, field observations of sediment and trash accumulation, proximity to water courses, etc. For example: Increase the sweeping frequency for streets with high pollutant loadings, especially in high traffic and industrial areas. Increase the sweeping frequency just before the wet season to remove sediments accumulated during the summer. Increase the sweeping frequency for streets in special problem areas such as special events, high litter or erosion zones. • Maintain cleaning equipment in good working condition and purchase replacement equipment as needed. Old sweepers should be replaced with new technologically advanced sweepers (preferably regenerative air sweepers) that maximize pollutant removal, • Operate sweepers at manufacturer requested optimal speed levels to increase effectiveness. • To increase sweeping effectiveness consider the following: Institute a parking policy to restrict parking in problematic areas during periods of street sweeping. Post permanent street sweeping signs in problematic areas; use temporary signs if installation of permanent signs is not possible. Develop and distribute flyers notifying residents of street sweeping schedules. • Regularly inspect vehicles and equipment for leaks, and repair immediately. • If available use vacuum or regenerative air sweepers in the high sediment and trash areas (typically industrial/commercial). • Keep accurate logs of the number of curb-miles swept and the amount of waste collected. • Dispose of street sweeping debris and dirt at a landfill. • Do not store swept material along the side of the street or near a storm drain inlet. • Keep debris storage to a minimum during the wet season or make sure debris piles are contained (e.g. by berming the area) or covered (e.g. with tarps or permanent covers). Street Repair and Maintenance Pavement marking m Schedule pavement marking activities for dry weather. 2 of 9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabiinphandbooks.com Road and Street Maintenance SC-70 • Develop paint handling procedures for proper use, storage, and disposal of paints. • Transfer and load paint and hot thermoplastic away from storm drain inlets. • Provide drop cloths and drip pans in paint inking areas. • Properly maintain application equipment. • Street sweep thermoplastic grindings. Yellow thermoplastic grindings may require special handling as they may contain lead. • Paints containing lead or tritratyltin are considered a hazardous waste and must be disposed of properly. • Use water based paints whenever possible. If using water based paints, clean the application equipment in a sink that is connected to the sanitary sewer. • Properly store leftover paints if they are to be kept for the next job, or dispose of properly. Concrete installation and repair m Schedule asphalt and concrete activities for dry weather. • Take measures to protect any nearby storm drain inlets and adjacent watercourses, prior to breaking up asphalt or concrete (e.g. place san bags around inlets or work areas). • limit the amount of fresh concrete or cement mortar mixed, mix only what is needed for the job. • Store concrete materials under cover, away from drainage areas. Secure bags of cement after they are open. Be sure to keep wind-blown cement powder away from streets, gutters, storm drains, rainfall, and runoff. • Return leftover materials to the transit mixer. Dispose of small amounts of hardened excess concrete, grout, and mortar in the trash. • Do not wash sweepings from exposed aggregate concrete into the street or storm drain. Collect and return sweepings to aggregate base stockpile, or dispose in the trash. • When making saw cuts in pavement, use as little water as possible and perform during dry weather. Cover each storm drain inlet completely with filter fabric or plastic during the sawing operation and contain the slurry by placing straw bales, sandbags, or gravel dams around the inlets. After the liquid drains or evaporates, shovel or vacuum the slurry residue from the pavement or gutter and remove from site. Alternatively, a small onsite vacuum may be used to pick up the slurry as this will prohibit slurry from reaching storm drain inlets. • Wash concrete trucks off site or in designated areas on site designed to preclude discharge of wash water to drainage system. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 9 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SC-70 Road and Street Maintenance Patching, resurfacing, and surface sealing m Schedule patching, resurfacing and surface sealing for dry weather. • Stockpile materials away from streets, gutter areas, storm drain inlets or watercourses. During wet weather, cover stockpiles with plastic tarps or berm around them if necessary to prevent transport of materials in runoff. « Pre-heat, transfer or load hot bituminous material away from drainage systems or watercourses. • Where applicable, cover and seal nearby storm drain inlets (with waterproof material or mesh) and maintenance holes before applying seal coat, slurry seal, etc. Leave covers in place until job is complete and until all water from emulsified oil sealants has drained or evaporated. Clean any debris from covered maintenance holes and storm drain inlets when the job is complete. • Prevent excess material from exposed aggregate concrete or similar treatments from entering streets or storm drain inlets. Designate an area for clean up and proper disposal of excess materials. • Use only as much water as necessary for dust control, to avoid runoff. » Sweep, never hose down streets to clean up tracked dirt. Use a street sweeper or vacuum truck. Do not dump vacuumed liquid in storm drains. • Catch drips from paving equipment that is not in use with pans or absorbent material placed under the machines. Dispose of collected material and absorbents properly. Equipment cleaning maintenance and storage m Inspect equipment daily and repair any leaks. Place drip pans or absorbent materials under heavy equipment when not in use. • Perform major equipment repairs at the coiporation yard, when practical. • If refueling or repairing vehicles and equipment must be done onsite, use a location away from storm drain inlets and watercourses. • Clean equipment including sprayers, sprayer paint supply lines, patch and paving equipment, and mud jacking equipment at the end of each day. Clean in a sink or other area (e.g. vehicle wash area) that is connected to the sanitary sewer. Bridge and Stj-uctiire Maintenance Paint and Paint Removal m Transport paint and materials to and from job sites in containers with secure lids and tied down to the transport vehicle. • Do not transfer or load paint near storm drain inlets or watercourses. 4 of 9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Road and Street Maintenance SC-70 Test and inspect spray equipment prior to starting to paint. Tighten all hoses and connections and do not overfill paint container. Plug nearby storm drain inlets prior to starting painting where there is significant risk of a spill reaching storm drains. Remove plugs when job is completed. If sand blasting is used to remove paint, cover nearby storm drain inlets prior to starting work. Perform work on a maintenance traveler or platform, or use suspended netting or tarps to capture paint, rust, paint removing agents, or other materials, to prevent discharge of materials to surface waters if the bridge crosses a watercourse. If sanding, use a sander with a vacuum filter bag. Capture all clean-up water, and dispose of properly. Recycle paint when possible (e.g. paint may be used for graffiti removal activities). Dispose of unused paint at an appropriate household hazardous waste facility. Graffiti Removal Schedule graffiti removal activities for dry weather. Protect nearby storm drain inlets prior to removing graffiti from walls, signs, sidewalks, or other structures needing graffiti abatement. Clean up afterwards by sweeping or vacuuming thoroughly, and/or by using absorbent and properly disposing of the absorbent. When graffiti is removed by painting over, implement the procedures under Painting and Paint Removal above. Direct runoff from sand blasting and high pressure washing (with no cleaning agents) into a landscaped or dirt area. If such an area is not available, filter runoff through an appropriate filtering device (e.g. filter fabric) to keep sand, particles, and debris out of storm drains. If a graffiti abatement method generates wash water containing a cleaning compound (such as high pressure washing with a cleaning compound), plug nearby storm drains and vacuum/pump wash water to the sanitary sewer. Consider using a waterless and non-toxic chemical cleaning method for graffiti removal (e.g. gels or spray compounds). Repair Work Prevent concrete, steel, wood, metal parts, tools, or other work materials from entering storm drains or watercourses. Thoroughly clean up the job site when the repair work is completed. When cleaning guardrails or fences follow the appropriate surface cleaning methods (depending on the type of surface) outlined in SC-yi Plaza & Sidewalk Cleaning fact sheet. January 2Q03 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 9 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SC-70 Road and Street Maintenance • If painting is conducted, follow the painting and paint removal procedures above. • If graffiti removal is conducted, follow the graffiti removal procedures above. • If construction takes place, see the Construction Activity BMP Handbook, • Recycle materials whenever possible. Unpaved Roads and Trails m Stabilize exposed soil areas to prevent soil from eroding during rain events. This is particularly important on steep slopes. • For roadside areas with exposed soils, the most cost-effective choice is to vegetate the area, preferably with a mulch or binder that will hold the soils in place while the vegetation is establishing. Native vegetation should be used if possible. • If vegetation cannot be established immediately, apply temporary erosion control mats/blankets; a comma straw, or gravel as appropriate. • If sediment is already eroded and mobilized in roadside areas, temporary controls should be installed. These may include: sediment control fences, fabric-covered triangular dikes, gravel-filled burlap bags, biobags, or hay bales staked in place. Non-Stormwater Discharges Field crews should be aware of non-stormwater discharges as part of their ongoing street maintenance efforts. • Refer to SC-io Non-Stormwater Discharges • Identify location, time and estimated quantity of discharges. • Notify appropriate personnel. Training m Train employees regarding proper street sweeping operation and street repair and maintenance. • Instruct employees and subcontractors to ensure that measures to reduce the stormwater impacts of roadway/bridge maintenance are being followed. • Require engineering staff and/or consulting A/E firms to address stormwater quality in new bridge designs or existing bridge retrofits. • Use a training log or similar method to document training. • Train employees on proper spill containment and clean up, and in identifying non- storrawater discharges. 6 of 9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabniphandbooks.com Road and Street Maintenance SC-70 Spill Response and Prevention m Refer to SC-ii, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup. • Keep your Spill Prevention Control and couiitermeasure (SPCC) plan up-to-date, and implement accordingly. • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location. • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. Other Considerations • Densely populated areas or heavily used streets may require parking regulations to clear streets for cleaning, • No currently available conventional sweeper is effective at removing oil and grease. Mechanical sweepers are not effective at removing finer sediments. • Limitations may arise in the location of new bridges. The availability and cost of land and other economic and political factors may dictate where the placement of a new bridge will occur. Better design of the bridge to control runoff is required if it is being placed near sensitive waters. Requirements Costs • The maintenance of local roads and bridges is already a consideration of most community public works or transportation departments. Therefore, the cost of pollutant reducing management practices will involve the training and equipment required to implement these new practices. • The largest expenditures for street sweeping programs are in staffing and equipment. The capital cost for a conventional street sweeper is between $60,000 and $120,000. Newer technologies might have prices approaching $180,000. The average useful life of a conventional sweeper is about four years, and programs must budget for equipment replacement. Sweeping frequencies will determine equipment life, so programs that sweep more often should expect to have a higher cost of replacement. • A street sweeping program may require the following. Sweeper operators, maintenance, supervisory, and administrative personnel are required. Traffic control officers may be required to enforce parking restrictions. Skillful design of cleaning routes is required for program to be productive. Arrangements must be made for disposal of collected wastes. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 7 of 9 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SC-70 Road and Street Maintenance • If investing in newer technologies, training for operators must be included in operation and maintenance budgets. Costs for public education are small, and mostly deal with the need to obey parking restrictions and litter control. Parking tickets are an effective reminder to obey parking rules, as well as being a source of revenue. Maintenance m Not applicable Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP Street sweeping There are advantages and disadvantages to the two common types of sweepers. The best choice depends on your specific conditions. Many communities find it useful to have a compliment of both types in their fleet. Mechanical Broom Sweepers - More effective at picking up large debris and cleaning wet streets. Less costly to purchase and operate. Create more airborne dust. Vacuum Sweepers - More effective at removing fine particles and associated heavy metals. Ineffective at cleaning wet streets. Noisier than mechanical broom sweepers which may restrict areas or times of operation. May require an advance vehicle to remove large debris. Street Flushers - Not affected by biggest interference to cleaning, parked cars. May remove finer sediments, moving them toward the gutter and stormwater inlets. For this reason, flushing fell out of favor and is now used primarily after sweeping. Flushing may be effective for combined sewer systems. Presently street flushing is not allowed under most NPDES permits. Cross-Media Transfer of Pollutants The California Air Resources Board (ARE) has established state ambient air quality standards including a standard for respirable particulate matter (less than or equal to 10 microns in diameter, symbolized as PMio). In the effort to sweep up finer sediments to remove attached heavy metals, municipalities should be aware that fine dust, that cannot be captured by the sweeping equipment and becomes airborne, could lead to issues of worker and public safety. Bridges Bridges that cany vehicular traffic generate some of the more direct discharges of runoff to surface waters. Bridge scupper drains cause a direct discharge of stormwater into receiving waters and have been shown to carry relatively high concentrations of pollutants. Bridge maintenance also generates wastes that may be either directly deposited to the water below or carried to the receiving water by stormwater. The following steps will help reduce the stormwater impacts of bridge maintenance: • Site new bridges so that significant adverse impacts to wetlands, sensitive areas, critical habitat, and riparian vegetation are minimized. 8 of 9 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabrnphandbooks.corn Road and Street Maintenance SC-70 • Design new bridges to avoid the use of scupper drains and route runoff to land for treatment control. Existing scupper drains should be cleaned on a regular basis to avoid sediment/debris accumulation. • Reduce the discharge of pollutants to surface waters during maintenance by using suspended traps, vacuums, or booms in the water to capture paint, rust, and paint removing agents. Many of these wastes may be hazardous. Properly dispose of this waste by referring to CA21 (Hazardous Waste Management) in the Construction Handbook. • Train employees and subcontractors to reduce the discharge of wastes during bridge maintenance. De-icing • Do not over-apply deiciiig salt and sand, and routinely calibrate spreaders. • Near reservoirs, restrict the application of deicing salt and redirect any runoff away from reservoirs. • Consider using alternative deicing agents (less toxic, biodegradable, etc.). References and Resources Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commission, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. July. 1998. Orange County Stormwater Program http://www.ocwatersheds.com/stonnwater/swp introdnction.asp Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies. Oregon Municipal Stormwater Toolbox for Maintenance Practices. June 1998. Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 1997 Urban Runoff Management Plan. September 1997, updated October 2000. Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 2001. Fresh Concrete and Mortar Application Best Management Practices for the Construction Industry. June. Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program, 2001. Roadwork and Paving Best Management Practices for the Construction Industry. June. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Roadway and Bridge Maintenance. On-line http://\vww.eDa.gov/npdes/menuofbinps/poll I3.htm January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 9 of 9 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Landscape Maintenance SC-73 Objectives • Contain • Educate • Reduce/Minimize • Product Substitution Description Landscape maintenance activities include vegetation removal; herbicide and insecticide application; fertilizer application; watering; and other gardening and lawn care practices. Vegetation control typically involves a combination of chemical (herbicide) application and mechanical methods. All of these maintenance practices have the potential to contribute pollutants to the storm drain system. The major objectives of this BMP are to minimize the discharge of pesticides} herbicides and fertilizers to the storm drain system and receiving waters; prevent the disposal of landscape waste into the storm drain system by collecting and properly disposing of clippings and cuttings, and educating employees and the public. Approach Pollution Prevention m Implement an integrated pest management (IPM) program. IPM is a sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical, and chemical tools. • Choose low water using flowers, trees, shrubs, and grotmdcover. • Consider alternative landscaping techniques such as naturescaping and xeriscaping. • Conduct appropriate maintenance (i.e. properly timed fertilizing, weeding, pest control, and pruning) to help preserve the landscapes water efficiency. Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease Organics Oxygen Demanding El January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphartdbooks.com lof 6 SC-73 Landscape Maintenance • Consider grass cycling (grass cycling is the natural recycling of grass by leaving the clippings on the lawn when mowing. Grass clippings decompose quickly and release valuable nutrients back into the lawn). Suggested Protocols Mowing, Trimming, and Weeding m Whenever possible use mechanical methods of vegetation removal (e.g mowing with tractor- type or push mowers, hand cutting with gas or electric powered weed trimmers) rather than applying herbicides. Use hand weeding where practical. • Avoid loosening the soil when conducting mechanical or manual weed control, this could lead to erosion. Use mulch or other erosion control measures when soils are exposed. • Performing mowing at optimal times. Mowing should not be performed if significant rain events are predicted. • Mulching mowers may be recommended for certain flat areas. Other techniques may be employed to minimize mowing such as selective vegetative planting using low maintenance grasses and shrubs. • Collect lawn and garden clippings, pruning waste, tree trimmings, and weeds. Chip if necessary, and compost or dispose of at a landfill (see waste management section of this fact sheet). • Place temporarily stockpiled material away from watercourses, and berm or cover stockpiles to prevent material releases to storm drains. Planting m Determine existing native vegetation features (location, species, size, function, importance) and consider the feasibility of protecting them. Consider elements such as their effect on drainage and erosion, hardiness, maintenance requirements, and possible conflicts between preserving vegetation and the resulting maintenance needs. • Retain and/or plant selected native vegetation whose features are determined to be beneficial, where feasible. Native vegetation usually requires less maintenance (e.g., irrigation, fertilizer) than planting new vegetation. • Consider using low water use groundcovers when planting or replanting. Waste Management • Compost leaves, sticks, or other collected vegetation or dispose of at a permitted landfill. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into waterways or storm drainage systems. • Place temporarily stockpiled material away from watercourses and storm drain inlets, and berm or cover stockpiles to prevent material releases to the storm drain system. • Reduce the use of high nitrogen fertilizers that produce excess growth requiring more frequent mowing or trimming. 2 of 6 California Stormwater BMP Hancibook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.corn Landscape Maintenance SC-73 • Avoid landscape wastes in and around storm drain inlets by either using bagging equipment or by manually picking up the material. Irrigation m Where practical, use automatic timers to minimize runoff. • Use popup sprinkler heads in areas with a lot of activity or where there is a chance the pipes may be broken. Consider the use of mechanisms that reduce water flow to sprinkler heads if broken. • Ensure that there is no runoff from the landscaped area(s) if re-claimed water is used for irrigation. • If bailing of muddy water is required (e.g. when repairing a water line leak), do not put it in the storm drain; pour over landscaped areas. • Irrigate slowly or pulse irrigate to prevent runoff and then only irrigate as much as is needed. • Apply water at rates that do not exceed the infiltration rate of the soil. Fertilizer and Pesticide Management • Utilize a comprehensive management system that incorporates integrated pest management (IPM) techniques. There are many methods and types of IPM, including the following: Mulching can be used to prevent weeds where turf is absent, fencing installed to keep rodents out, and netting used to keep birds and insects away from leaves and fruit. Visible insects can be removed by hand (with gloves or tweezers) and placed in soapy water or vegetable oil. Alternatively, insects can be sprayed off the plant with water or in some cases vacuumed off of larger plants. Store-bought traps, such as species-specific, pheromone-based traps or colored sticky cards, can be used. Slugs can be trapped in small cups filled with beer that are set in the ground so the slugs can get in easily. In cases where microscopic parasites, such as bacteria and fungi, are causing damage to plants, the affected plant material can be removed and disposed of (pruning equipment should be disinfected with bleach to prevent spreading the disease organism). Small mammals and birds can be excluded using fences, netting, tree trunk guards. Beneficial organisms, such as bats, birds, green lacewings, ladybugs, praying mantis, ground beetles, parasitic nematodes, trichogramma wasps, seed head weevils, and spiders that prey on detrimental pest species can be promoted. • Follow all federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing the use, storage, and disposal of fertilizers and pesticides and training of applicators and pest control advisors. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 6 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SC-73 Landscape Maintenance • Use pesticides only if there is an actual pest problem (not on a regular preventative schedule). • Do not use pesticides if rain is expected. Apply pesticides only when wind speeds are low (less than 5 mph). • Do not mix or prepare pesticides for application near storm drains. • Prepare the minimum amount of pesticide needed for the job and use the lowest rate that will effectively control the pest. • Employ techniques to minimize off-target application (e.g. spray drift) of pesticides, including consideration of alternative application techniques. • Fertilizers should be worked into the soil rather than dumped or broadcast onto the surface. » Calibrate fertilizer and pesticide application equipment to avoid excessive application. • Periodically test soils for determining proper fertilizer use. • Sweep pavement and sidewalk if fertilizer is spilled on these surfaces before applying irrigation water. • Purchase only the amount of pesticide that you can reasonably use in a given time period (month or year depending on the product). » Triple rinse containers, and use rinse water as product. Dispose of unused pesticide as hazardous waste. » Dispose of empty pesticide containers according to the instructions on the container label. Inspection • Inspect irrigation system periodically to ensure that the right amount of water is being applied and that excessive runoff is not occurring. Minimize excess watering, and repair leaks in the irrigation system as soon as they are observed. • Inspect pesticide/fertilizer equipment and transportation vehicles daily. Training • Educate and train employees on use of pesticides and in pesticide application techniques to prevent pollution. Pesticide application must be under the supervision of a California qualified pesticide applicator. • Train/encourage municipal maintenance crews to use IPM techniques for managing public green areas. » Annually train employees within departments responsible for pesticide application on the appropriate portions of the agency's IPM Policy, SOPs, and BMPs, and the latest IPM techniques. 4 of 6 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabrnphandbooks.com Landscape Maintenance SC-73 • Employees who are not authorized and trained to apply pesticides should be periodically (at least annually) informed that they cannot use over-the-counter pesticides in or around the workplace, • Use a training log or similar method to document training. Spill Response and Prevention m Refer to SC-li, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a know in location • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. Other Considerations m The Federal Pesticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act and California Title 3, Division 6, Pesticides and Pest Control Operations place strict controls over pesticide application and handling and specify training, annual refresher, and testing requirements. The regulations generally cover: a list of approved pesticides and selected uses, updated regularly; general application information; equipment use and maintenance procedures; and record keeping. The California Department of Pesticide Regulations and the County Agricultural Commission coordinate and maintain the licensing and certification programs. All public agency employees who apply pesticides and herbicides in "agricultural use" areas such as parks, golf courses, rights-of-way and recreation areas should be properly certified in accordance with state regulations. Contracts for landscape maintenance should include similar requirements. • All employees who handle pesticides should be familiar with the most recent material safety data sheet (MSDS) files. • Municipalities do not have the authority to regulate the use of pesticides by school districts, however the California Healthy Schools Act of 2000 (AB 2260) has imposed requirements on California school districts regarding pesticide use in schools. Posting of notification prior to the application of pesticides is now required, and IPM is stated as the preferred approach to pest management in schools. Requirements Costs Additional training of municipal employees will be required to address IPM techniques and BMPs. IPM methods will likely increase labor cost for pest control which may be offset by lower chemical costs. Maintenance Not applicable January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 6 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SC-73 Landscape Maintenance Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP Waste Management Composting is one of the better disposal alternatives if locally available. Most municipalities either have or are planning yard waste composting facilities as a means of reducing the amount of waste going to the landfill. Lawn clippings from municipal maintenance programs as well as private sources would probably be compatible with most composting facilities Contractors and Other Pesticide Users Municipal agencies should develop and implement a process to ensure that any contractor employed to conduct pest control and pesticide application on municipal property engages in pest control methods consistent with the IPM Policy adopted by the agency. Specifically, municipalities should require contractors to follow the agency's IPM policy, SQPs, and BMPs; provide evidence to the agency of having received training on current IPM techniques when feasible; provide documentation of pesticide use on agency property to the agency in a timely manner. References and Resources King County Stormwater Pollution Control Manual. Best Management Practices for Businesses. 1995. King County Surface Water Management, July. On-line: http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm.htni Los Angeles County Stormwater Quality Model Programs. Public Agency Activities http://ladpw.org/wmd/npdes/model h'nks.cfm Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commission, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. July. 1998. Orange County Stormwater Program http://wwvv.ocwatersheds.com/StQrmWater/swp introduction.asp Santa Clara Valley Urban Runoff Pollution Prevention Program. 1997 Urban Runoff Management Plan. September 1997, updated October 2000. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2002. Pollution Prevention/Good Housekeeping for Municipal Operations Landscaping and Lawn Care. Office of Water, Office of Wastewater Management. On-line: http://www.epa.gov/npdes/menuofomps/poll 8.htm . of 6 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Housekeeping Practices SC-60 Description Promote efficient and safe housekeeping practices (storage, use, and cleanup) when handling potentially harmful materials such as fertilizers, pesticides, cleaning solutions, paint products, automotive products, and swimming pool chemicals. Related information is provided in BMP fact sheets SC-n SpiU Prevention, Control & Cleanup and SC-34 Waste Handling & Disposal, Approach Pollution Prevention m Purchase only the amount of material that will be needed for foreseeable use. In most cases this will result in cost savings in both purchasing and disposal. See SC-6i Safer Alternative Products for additional information. • Be aware of new products that may do the same job with less environmental risk and for less or the equivalent cost. Total cost must be used here; this includes purchase price, transportation costs, storage costs, use related costs, clean up costs and disposal costs. Suggested Protocols General • Keep work sites clean and orderly. Remove debris in a timely fashion. Sweep the area. • Dispose of wash water, sweepings, and sediments, properly. • Recycle or dispose of fluids properly. • Establish a daily checklist of office, yard and plant areas to confirm cleanliness and adherence to proper storage and security. Specific employees should be assigned specific inspection responsibilities and given the authority to remedy any problems found. • Post waste disposal charts in appropriate locations detailing for each waste its hazardous nature (poison, corrosive, flammable), prohibitions on its disposal (dumpster, drain, sewer) and the recommended disposal method (recycle, sewer, burn, storage, landfill). • Summarize the chosen BMPs applicable to your operation and post them in appropriate conspicuous places. Objectives • Cover • Contain • Educate • Reduce/Minimize • Product Substitution Targeted Constituents Sediment 0 Nutrients 0 Trash 0 Metals 0 Bacteria 0 Oil and Grease 0 Organies 0 Oxygen Demanding 0 January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com 1 of 3 SC-60 Housekeeping Practices • Require & signed checklist from every user of any hazardous material detailing amount taken, amount used, amount returned and disposal of spent material. • Do a before audit of your site to establish baseline conditions and regular subsequent audits to note any changes and whether conditions are improving or deteriorating. • Keep records of water, air and solid waste quantities and quality tests and their disposition. • Maintain a mass balance of incoming, outgoing and on hand materials so you know when there are unknown losses that need to be tracked down and accounted for. • Use and reward employee suggestions related to BMPs, hazards, pollution reduction, work place safety, cost reduction, alternative materials and procedures, recycling and disposal. • Have, and review regularly, a contingency plan for spills, leaks, weather extremes etc. Make sure all employees know about it and what their role is so that it comes into force automatically. Training m Train all employees, management, office, yard, manufacturing, field and clerical in BMPs and pollution prevention and make them accountable. • Train municipal employees who handle potentially harmful materials in good housekeeping practices. • Train personnel who use pesticides in the proper use of the pesticides. The California Department of Pesticide Regulation license pesticide dealers, certify pesticide applicators and conduct onsite inspections. • Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup. The employee should have the tools and knowledge to immediately begin cleaning up a spill if one should occur. Spill Response and Prevention m Refer to SC-ii, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup. • Keep your Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure (SPCC) plant up-to-date, and implement accordingly. • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location. • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. Other Considerations m There are 110 major limitations to this best management practice. • There are no regulatory requirements to this BMP. Existing regulations already require municipalities to properly store, use, and dispose of hazardous materials 2 of 3 California Storm water BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Housekeeping Practices SC-60 Requirements Costs • Minimal cost associated with this BMP. Implementation of good housekeeping practices may result in cost savings as these procedures may reduce the need for more costly BMPs. Maintenance • Ongoing maintenance required to keep a clean site. Level of effort is a function of site size and type of activities. Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP m The California Integrated Waste Management Board's Recycling Hotline, 1-800-553-2962, provides information on household hazardous waste collection programs and facilities. Examples There are a number of communities with effective programs. The most pro-active include Santa Clara County and the City of Palo Alto, the City and County of San Francisco, and the Municipality of Metropolitan Seattle (Metro). References and Resources British Columbia Lake Stewardship Society. Best Management Practices to Protect Water Quality from Non-Point Source Pollution. March 2000. http://w\\w.nalms.org/bclss/bmphome.html#bmp King County Stormwater Pollution Control Manual - http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcin.htm Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities, Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commission, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality Control Board. July, 1998, Revised by California Coastal Commission, February 2002. Orange County Stormwater Program http://vvww.ocwatersheds.com/stoniiwater/swp introductioii.asp San Mateo STOPPP - fhttp://stoppp.tripod.coin/bmp.html') January 2003 California Starmwater BMP Handbook 3 of 3 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Parking/Storage Area Maintenance SC-43 Objectives • Cover • Contain • Educate • Reduce/Minimize • Product Substitution Description Parking lots and storage areas can contribute a number of substances, such as trash, suspended solids, hydrocarbons, oil and grease, and heavy metals that can enter receiving waters through stonnwater runoff or non-stonnwater discharges. The following protocols are intended to prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants from parking/storage areas and include using good housekeeping practices, following appropriate cleaning BMPs, and training employees. Approach Pollution Prevention m Encourage alternative designs and maintenance strategies for impervious parking lots, (See New Development and Redevelopment BMP Handbook). • Keep accurate maintenance logs to evaluate BMP implementation. Suggested Protocols General m Keep the parking and storage areas clean and orderly. Remove debris in a timely fashion. • Allow sheet runoff to flow into biofilters (vegetated strip and swale) and/or infiltration devices. • Utilize sand filters or oleophilic collectors for oily waste in low concentrations. Targeted Constituents Sediment EJ Nutrients 0 Trash El Metals El Bacteria 0 Oil and Grease 0 Organics 0 Oxygen Demanding 0 January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal wvvvv.cabmphartclbooks.com 1 of 4 SO43 Parking/Storage Area Maintenance • Arrange rooftop drains to prevent drainage directly onto paved surfaces. • Design lot to include semi-permeable liardscape. Controlling Litter m Post "No Uttering" signs and enforce anti-litter laws. • Provide an adequate number of litter receptacles. • Clean out and cover litter receptacles frequently to prevent spillage. • Provide trash receptacles in parking lots to discourage litter. • Routinely sweep, shovel and dispose of litter in the trash. Surface cleaning m Use dry cleaning methods (e.g. sweeping or vacuuming) to prevent the discharge of pollutants into the stormwater conveyance system. • Establish frequency of public parking lot sweeping based on usage and field observations of waste accumulation. • Sweep all parking lots at least once before the onset of the wet season. • If water is used follow the procedures below: Block the storm drain or contain runoff. Wash water should be collected and pumped to the sanitary sewer or discharged to a pervious surface, do not allow wash water to enter storm drains. Dispose of parking lot sweeping debris and dirt at a landfill. • When cleaning heavy oily deposits: Use absorbent materials on oily spots prior to sweeping or washing. Dispose of used absorbents appropriately. Surface Repair • Pre-heat, transfer or load hot bituminous material away from storm drain inlets. • Apply concrete, asphalt, and seal coat during dry weather to prevent contamination form contacting stormwater runoff. • Cover and seal nearby storm drain inlets (with waterproof material or mesh) and manholes before applying seal coat, slurry seal, etc., where applicable. Leave covers in place until job is complete and until all water from emulsified oil sealants has drained or evaporated. Clean any debris from these covered manholes and drains for proper disposal. 2 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Parking/Storage Area Maintenance SC-43 • Use only as much water as necessary for dust control, to avoid runoff. • Catch drips from paving equipment that is not in use with pans or absorbent material placed under the machines. Dispose of collected material and absorbents properly. Inspection m Have designated personnel conduct inspections of the parking facilities and stormwater conveyance systems associated with them on a regular basis. • Inspect cleaning equipment/sweepers for leaks on a regular basis. Training m Provide regular training to field employees and/or contractors regarding cleaning of paved areas and proper operation of equipment. • Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup. Spill Response and Prevention m Refer to SC-n, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup. • Keep your Spill Prevention Control and counter-measure (SPCC) plan up-to-date, nad implement accordingly. • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location. • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. Other Considerations m Limitations related to sweeping activities at large parking facilities may include high equipment costs, the need for sweeper operator training, and the inability of current sweeper technology to remove oil and grease. Requirements Costs Cleaning/sweeping costs can be quite large, construction and maintenance of stormwater structural controls can be quite expensive as well. Maintenance • Sweep parking lot to minimize cleaning with water. • Clean out oil/water/sand separators regularly, especially after heavy storms. • Clean parking facilities on a regular basis to prevent accumulated wastes and pollutants from being discharged into conveyance systems during rainy conditions. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 4 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SC-43 Parking/Storage Area Maintenance Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP Surface Repair Apply concrete, asphalt, and seal coat during dry weather to prevent contamination form contacting stormwater runoff. Where applicable, cover and seal nearby storm drain inlets (with waterproof material or mesh) and manholes before applying seal coat, slurry seal, etc. Leave covers in place until job is complete and until all water from emulsified oil sealants has drained or evaporated. Clean any debris from these covered manholes and drains for proper disposal. Use only as much water as necessary for dust control, to avoid runoff. References and Resources http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/nps/index.html Model Urban Runoff Program: A How-To Guide for Developing Urban Runoff Programs for Small Municipalities. Prepared by City of Monterey, City of Santa Cruz, California Coastal Commission, Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, Association of Monterey Bay Area Governments, Woodward-Clyde, Central Coast Regional Water Quality control Board. July 1998 (Revised February 2002 by the California Coastal Commission). Orange County Stormwater Program http://www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWater/swp_mtroduction.asp Oregon Association of Clean Water Agencies. Oregon Municipal Stormwater Toolbox for Maintenance Practices. June 1998. Pollution from Surface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies x4ssociation (BASMAA) http://www.basma.org San Diego Stormwater Co-permittees Jurisdictional Urban Runoff Management Prop-am (URMP) http://www.proiectclean\vater.Qrg/pdf/Model%2oProgram%2OMunicipal%2QFacilities.pdf 4 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Building & Grounds Maintenance SC-41 Description Stormwater runoff from building and grounds maintenance activities can be contaminated with toxic hydrocarbons in solvents, fertilizers and pesticides, suspended solids, heavy metals, and abnormal pH. Utilizing the following protocols will prevent or reduce the discharge of pollutants to stormwater from building and grounds maintenance activities by washing and cleaning up with as little water as possible, following good landscape management practices, preventing and cleaning up spills immediately, keeping debris from entering the storm drains, and maintaining the stormwater collection system. Approach Pollution Prevention m Switch to non-toxic chemicals for maintenance when possible. • Choose cleaning agents that can be recycled. • Encourage proper lawn management and landscaping, including use of native vegetation. • Encourage use of Integrated Pest Management techniques for pest control. • Encourage proper onsite recycling of yard trimmings. • Recycle residual paints, solvents, lumber, and other material as much as possible- Objectives • Cover • Contain • Educate • Reduce/Minimize • Product Substitution Targeted Constituents Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oi! and Grease Organics Oxygen Demanding m0 00 January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook Municipal www.cabrnphartdbooks.com 1 of 5 SC-41 Building & Grounds Maintenance Suggested Protocols Pressure Washing of Buildings, Rooftops, and Other Large Objects • In situations where soaps or detergents are used and the surrounding area is paved, pressure washers must use a waste water collection device that enables collection of wash water and associated solids. A sump pump, wet vacuum or similarly effective device must be used to collect the runoff and loose materials. The collected runoff and solids must be disposed of property. • If soaps or detergents are not used, and the surrounding area is paved, wash water runoff does not have to be collected but must be screened. Pressure washers must use filter fabric or some other type of screen on the ground and/or in he catch basin to trap the particles in wash water runoff. • If you are pressure washing on a grassed area (with or without soap), runoff must be dispersed as sheet flow as much as possible, rather than as a concentrated stream. The wash runoff must remain on the grass and not drain to pavement. Ensure that this practice does not kill grass. Landscaping Activities m Do not apply any chemicals (insecticide, herbicide, or fertilizer) directly to surface waters, unless the application is approved and permitted by the state. • Dispose of grass clippings, leaves, sticks, or other collected vegetation as garbage, or by composting. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into waterways or storm drainage systems. • Use mulch or other erosion control measures on exposed soils. • Check irrigation schedules so pesticides will not be washed away and to minimize non- storm water discharge. Building Repair, Remodeling, and Construction • Do not dump any toxic substance or liquid waste on the pavement, the ground, or toward a storm drain. • Use ground or drop cloths underneath outdoor painting, scraping, and sandblasting work, and properly dispose of collected material daily. • Use a ground cloth or oversized tub for activities such as paint mixing and tool cleaning. • Clean paint brashes and tools covered with water-based paints in sinks connected to sanitary sewers or in portable containers that can be dumped into a sanitary sewer drain. Brushes and tools covered with non-water-based paints, finishes, or other materials must be cleaned in a manner that enables collection of used solvents (e.g., paint thinner, turpentine, etc.) for recycling or proper disposal. 2 of 5 California Storm water BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Building & Grounds Maintenance SC-41 • Use a storm drain cover, filter fabric, or similarly effective runoff control mechanism if dust, grit, wash water, or other pollutants may escape the work area and enter a catch basin. The containment device(s) must be in place at the beginning of the work day, and accumulated dirty runoff and solids must be collected and disposed of before removing the containment device(s) at the end of the work day. • If you need to de-water an excavation site, you may need to filter the water before discharging to a catch basin or off-site. In which ease you should direct the water through hay bales and filter fabric or use other sediment filters or traps. • Store toxic material under cover with secondary containment during precipitation events and when not in use. A cover would include tarps or other temporary cover material. Mowing, Trimming, and Planting • Dispose of leaves, sticks, or other collected vegetation as garbage, by composting or at a permitted landfill. Do not dispose of collected vegetation into waterways or storm drainage systems. • Use mulch or other erosion control measures when soils are exposed. • Place temporarily stockpiled material away from watercourses and drain inlets, and berm or cover stockpiles to prevent material releases to the storm drain system. • Consider an alternative approach when bailing out muddy water; do not put it in the storm drain, pour over landscaped areas. • Use hand or mechanical weeding where practical. Fertilizer and Pesticide Management m Follow all federal, state, and local laws and regulations governing the use, storage, and disposal of fertilizers and pesticides and training of applicators and pest control advisors. • Follow manufacturers" recommendations and label directions. Pesticides must never be applied if precipitation is occuring or predicted. Do not apply insecticides within 100 feet of surface waters such as lakes, ponds, wetlands, and streams. • Use less toxic pesticides that will do the job, whenever possible. Avoid use of copper-based pesticides if possible. • Do not use pesticides if rain is expected. • Do not mix or prepare pesticides for application near storm drains. • Use the minimum amount needed for the job. • Calibrate fertilizer distributors to avoid excessive application. • Employ techniques to minimize off-target application (e.g. spray drift) of pesticides, including consideration of alternative application techniques. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 5 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com SC-41 Building & Grounds Maintenance • Apply pesticides only when wind speeds are low. • Work fertilizers into the soil rather than dumping or broadcasting them onto the surface. • Irrigate slowly to prevent runoff and then only as much as is needed. • Clean pavement and sidewalk if fertilizer is spilled on these surfaces before applying irrigation water. • Dispose of empty pesticide containers according to the instructions on the container label. • Use up the pesticides. Rinse containers, and use rinse water as product. Dispose of unused pesticide as hazardous waste. • Implement storage requirements for pesticide products with guidance from the local fire department and County Agricultural Commissioner. Provide secondary containment for pesticides. Inspection m Inspect irrigation system periodically to ensure that the right amount of water is being applied and that excessive runoff is not occurring. Minimize excess watering, and repair leaks in the irrigation system as soon as they are observed. Training • Educate and train employees OB use of pesticides and in pesticide application techniques to prevent pollution. • Train employees and contractors in proper techniques for spill containment and cleanup. • Be sure the frequency of training takes into account the complexity of the operations and the nature of the staff. Spill Response and Prevention • Refer to SC-ll, Spill Prevention, Control & Cleanup • Keep your Spill Prevention Control and countermeasure (SPCC) plan up-to-date, and implement accordingly. • Have spill cleanup materials readily available and in a known location. • Cleanup spills immediately and use dry methods if possible. • Properly dispose of spill cleanup material. Other Considerations m Alternative pest/weed controls may not be available} suitable, or effective in many cases. 4 of 5 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal www.cabrtiphandbooks.com Building & Grounds Maintenance SC-41 Requirements Costs • Overall costs should be low in comparison to other BMPs. Maintenance m Sweep paved areas regularly to collect loose particles, and wipe up spills with rags and other absorbent material immediately, do not hose down the area to a storm drain. Supplemental Information Further Detail of the BMP Fire Sprinkler Line Flushing Building fire sprinkler line flushing may be a source of non-storm water runoff pollution. The water entering the system is usually potable water though in some areas it maybe non-potable reclaimed wastewater. There are subsequent factors that may drastically reduce the quality of the water in such systems. Black iron pipe is usually used since it is cheaper than potable piping but it is subject to rusting and results in lower quality water. Initially the black iron pipe has an oil coating to protect it from rusting between manufacture and installation; this will contaminate the water from the first flush but not from subsequent flushes. Nitrates, poly- phosphates and other corrosion inhibitors, as well as fire suppressants and antifreeze maybe added to the sprinkler water system. Water generally remains in the sprinkler system a long time, typically a year, between flushes and may accumulate iron, manganese, lead, copper, nickel and zinc. The water generally becomes anoxic and contains living and dead bacteria and breakdown products from chlorination. This may result in a significant BOD problem and the water often smells. Consequently dispose fire sprinkler line flush water into the sanitary sewer. Do not allow discharge to storm drain or infiltration due to potential high levels of pollutants in fire sprinkler line water. References and Resources California's Nonpoint Source Program Plan http://www.swrcb.ca.goy/nps/index.htinl King County - ftp://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/dss/spcm/Chapter%203.PDF Orange County Stormwater Program http://www.ocwatersheds.com/StormWater/swp_introduction.asp Mobile Cleaners Pilot Program: Final Report. 1997. Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association (BASSMA) http://vvww.basmaa.org/ Pollution from Surface Cleaning Folder. 1996. Bay Area Stonnwater Management Agencies Association (BASMAA) http://www.basmaa.org/ San Diego Stormwater Co-permittees Jurisdictional Urban Runoff Management Program (URMP) - http://ww%¥.projectcleanwatei'.org/pdf/Model%2oProgram%2oMunicipal%2oFacilities.pdf January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 5 Municipal wvvvv.cabmphandbooks.com ATTACHMENT 9 Vegetated Swale TC-30 Description Vegetated swales are open, shallow channels with vegetation covering the side slopes and bottom that collect and slowly convey runoff flow to downstream discharge points. They are designed to treat runoff through filtering by the vegetation in the channel, filtering through a subsoil matrix, and/or infiltration into the underlying soils. Swales can be natural or manmade. They trap particulate pollutants (suspended solids and trace metals), promote infiltration, and reduce the flow velocity of stormwater runoff. Vegetated swales can serve as part of a stormwater drainage system and can replace curbs, gutters and storm sewer systems. California Experience Caltrans constructed and monitored six vegetated swales in southern California. These swales were generally effective in reducing the volume and mass of pollutants in runoff. Even in the areas where the annual rainfall was only about 10 inches/yr, the vegetation did not require additional irrigation. One factor that strongly affected performance was the presence of large numbers of gophers at most of the sites. The gophers created earthen mounds, destroyed vegetation, and generally reduced the effectiveness of the controls for TSS reduction. Advantages • If properly designed, vegetated, and operated, swales can serve as an aesthetic, potentially inexpensive urban development or roadway drainage conveyance measure with significant collateral water quality benefits. Design Considerations Tributary Area Area Required Slope Water Availability Targeted Constituents S Sediment t •S Nutrients < S Trash « ^ Metals i •S Bacteria < •f Oil and Grease 1 S Organics 1 Legend (Removal Effectiveness) • Low • High A Medium SQA i California Stormwater Quality Association January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 1 of 13 TC-30 Vegetated Swale • Roadside ditches should be regarded as significant potential swale/buffer strip sites and should be utilized for this purpose whenever possible. Limitations • Can be difficult to avoid channelization. • May not be appropriate for industrial sites or locations where spills may occur • Grassed swales cannot treat a very large drainage area. Large areas may be divided and treated using multiple swales. • A thick vegetative cover is needed for these practices to function properly. • They are impractical in areas with steep topography. • They are not effective and may even erode when flow velocities are high, if the grass cover is not properly maintained. • In some places, their use is restricted by law: many local municipalities require curb and gutter systems in residential areas. • Swales are mores susceptible to failure if not properly maintained than other treatment BMPs. Design and Sizing Guidelines a Flow rate based design determined by local requirements or sized so that 85% of the annual runoff volume is discharged at less than the design rainfall intensity. • Swale should be designed so that the water level does not exceed 2/3rds the height of the grass or 4 inches, which ever is less, at the design treatment rate. • Longitudinal slopes should not exceed 2.5% • Trapezoidal channels are normally recommended but other configurations, such as parabolic, can also provide substantial water quality improvement and may be easier to mow than designs with sharp breaks in slope. • Swales constructed in cut are preferred, or in fill areas that are far enough from an adjacent slope to minimize the potential for gopher damage. Do not use side slopes constructed of fill, which are prone to structural damage by gophers and other burrowing animals. • A diverse selection of low growing, plants that thrive under the specific site, climatic, and watering conditions should be specified. Vegetation whose growing season corresponds to the wet season are preferred. Drought tolerant vegetation should be considered especially for swales that are not part of a regularly irrigated landscaped area. • The width of the swale should be determined using Manning's Equation using a value of 0.25 for Manning's n. 2 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com Vegetated Swale TC-30 Construction/Inspection Considerations • Include directions in the specifications for use of appropriate fertilizer and soil amendments based on soil properties determined through testing and compared to the needs of the vegetation requirements. • Install swales at the time of the year when there is a reasonable chance of successful establishment without irrigation; however, it is recognized that rainfall in a given year may not be sufficient and temporary irrigation may be used. • If sod tiles must be-used, they should be placed so that there are no gaps between the tiles; stagger the ends of the tiles to prevent the formation of channels along the swale or strip. • Use a roller on the sod to ensure that no air pockets form between the sod and the soil. • Where seeds are used, erosion controls will be necessary to protect seeds for at least 75 days after the first rainfall of the season. Performance The literature suggests that vegetated swales represent a practical and potentially effective technique for controlling urban runoff quality. While limited quantitative performance data exists for vegetated swales, it is known that check dams, slight slopes, permeable soils, dense grass cover, increased contact time, and small storm events all contribute to successful pollutant removal by the swale system. Factors decreasing the effectiveness of swales include compacted soils, short runoff contact time, large storm events, frozen ground, short grass heights, steep slopes, and high runoff velocities and discharge rates. Conventional vegetated swale designs have achieved mixed results in removing particulate pollutants. A study performed by the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) monitored three grass swales in the Washington, D.C., area and found no significant improvement in urban runoff quality for the pollutants analyzed. However, the weak performance of these swales was attributed to the high flow velocities in the swales, soil compaction, steep slopes, and short grass height. Another project in Durham, NC, monitored the performance of a carefully designed artificial swale that received runoff from a commercial parking lot. The project tracked 11 storms and concluded that particulate concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd) were reduced by approximately 50 percent. However, the swale proved largely ineffective for removing soluble nutrients. The effectiveness of vegetated swales can be enhanced by adding check dams at approximately 17 meter (50 foot) increments along their length (See Figure i). These dams maximize the retention time within the swale, decrease flow velocities, and promote particulate settling. Finally, the incorporation of vegetated filter strips parallel to the top of the channel banks can help to treat sheet flows entering the swale. Only 9 studies have been conducted on all grassed channels designed for water quality (Table i). The data suggest relatively high removal rates for some pollutants, but negative removals for some bacteria, and fair performance for phosphorus. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 13 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com TC-30 Vegetated Swale Table 1 Grassed swale pollutant removal efficiency data Removal Efficiencies (% Removal) Study Caltrans 2002 Goldberg 1993 Seattle Metro and Washington Department of Ecology 1992 Seattle Metro and Washington Department of Ecology, 1992 Wang et al., 1981 Dorman et al., 1989 Harper, 1988 Kercher et al., 1983 Harper, 1988. Koon, 1995 TSS 77 67.8 60 83 80 98 87 99 81 67 TP 8 4-5 45 29 - 18 83 99 17 39 TN 67 j - - - - - 84 99 40 - N03 66 31.4 -25 -25 - 45 80 99 52 9 Metals 83-90 42-62 2-16 46-73 70-80 37-81 88-90 99 37-69 -35 to 6 Bacteria -33 -100 -25 -25 - - - - - - Type dry swales grassed channel grassed channel grassed channel dry swale dry swale dry swale dry swale wet swale wet swale While it is difficult to distinguish between different designs based on the small amount of available data, grassed channels generally have poorer removal rates than wet and dry swales, although some swales appear to export soluble phosphorus (Harper, 1988; Koon, 1995). It is not clear why swales export bacteria. One explanation is that bacteria thrive in the warm swale soils. Siting Criteria The suitability of a swale at a site will depend on land use, size of the area serviced, soil type, slope, imperviousness of the contributing watershed, and dimensions and slope of the swale system (Schueler et al., 1992). In general, swales can be used to serve areas of less than 10 acres, with slopes no greater than 5 %. Use of natural topographic lows is encouraged and natural drainage courses should be regarded as significant local resources to be kept in use (Young et al., 1996). Selection Criteria (NCTCOG, 1993) m Comparable performance to wet basins • Limited to treating a few acres • Availability of water during dry periods to maintain vegetation • Sufficient available land area Research in the Austin area indicates that vegetated controls are effective at removing pollutants even when dormant. Therefore, irrigation is not required to maintain growth during dry periods, but may be necessary only to prevent the vegetation from dying. 4 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 Vegetated Swale TC-30 The topography of the site should permit the design of a channel with appropriate slope and cross-sectional area. Site topography may also dictate a need for additional structural controls. Recommendations for longitudinal slopes range between 2 and 6 percent. Flatter slopes can be used, if sufficient to provide adequate conveyance. Steep slopes increase flow velocity, decrease detention time, and may require energy dissipating and grade check. Steep slopes also can be managed using a series of check dams to terrace the swale and reduce the slope to within acceptable limits. The use of check dams with swales also promotes infiltration. Additional Design Guidelines Most of the design guidelines adopted for swale design specify a minimum hydraulic residence time of 9 minutes. This criterion is based on the results of a single study conducted in Seattle, Washington (Seattle Metro and Washington Department of Ecology, 1992), and is not well supported. Analysis of the data collected in that study indicates that pollutant removal at a residence time of 5 minutes was not significantly different, although there is more variability in that data. Therefore, additional research in the design criteria for swales is needed. Substantial pollutant removal has also been observed for vegetated controls designed solely for conveyance (Barrett et al, 1998); consequently, some flexibility in the design is warranted. Many design guidelines recommend that grass be frequently mowed to maintain dense coverage near the ground surface. Recent research (Colwell et al., 2000) has shown mowing frequency or grass height has little or no effect on pollutant removal. Summary of Design Recommendations 1) The swale should have a length that provides a minimum hydraulic residence time of at least 10 minutes. The maximum bottom width should not exceed 10 feet unless a dividing berm is provided. The depth of flow should not exceed 2/srds the height of the grass at the peak of the water quality design storm intensity. The channel slope should not exceed 2.5%. 2) A design grass height of 6 inches is recommended. 3) Regardless of the recommended detention time, the swale should be not less than 100 feet in length. 4) The width of the swale should be determined using Manning's Equation, at the peak of the design storm, using a Manning's n of 0.25. 5) The swale can be sized as both a treatment facility for the design storm and as a conveyance system to pass the peak hydraulic flows of the loo-year storm if it is located "on-line." The side slopes should be no steeper than 3:1 (H:V). 6) Roadside ditches should be regarded as significant potential swale/buffer strip sites and should be utilized for this purpose whenever possible. If flow is to be introduced through curb cuts, place pavement slightly above the elevation of the vegetated areas. Curb cuts should be at least 12 inches wide to prevent clogging. 7) Swales must be vegetated in order to provide adequate treatment of runoff. It is important to maximize water contact with vegetation and the soil surface. For general purposes, select fine, close-growing, water-resistant grasses. If possible, divert runoff (other than necessary irrigation) during the period of vegetation January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 13 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com TO30 Vegetated Swale establishment. Where runoff diversion is not possible, cover graded and seeded areas with suitable erosion control materials. Maintenance The useful life of a vegetated swale system is directly proportional to its maintenance frequency. If properly designed and regularly maintained, vegetated swales can last indefinitely. The maintenance objectives for vegetated swale systems include keeping up the hydraulic and removal efficiency of the channel and maintaining a dense, healthy grass cover. Maintenance activities should include periodic mowing (with grass never cut shorter than the design flow depth), weed control, watering during drought conditions, reseeding of bare areas, and clearing of debris and blockages. Cuttings should be removed from the channel and disposed in a local composting facility. Accumulated sediment should also be removed manually to avoid concentrated flows in the swale. The application of fertilizers and pesticides should be minimal. Another aspect of a good maintenance plan is repairing damaged areas within a channel. For example, if the channel develops ruts or holes, it should be repaired utilizing a suitable soil that is properly tamped and seeded. The grass cover should be thick; if it is not, reseed as necessary. Any standing water removed during the maintenance operation must be disposed to a sanitary sewer at an approved discharge location. Residuals (e.g., silt, grass cuttings) must be disposed in accordance with local or State requirements. Maintenance of grassed swales mostly involves maintenance of the grass or wetland plant cover. Typical maintenance activities are summarized below: • Inspect swales at least twice annually for erosion, damage to vegetation, and sediment and debris accumulation preferably at the end of the wet season to schedule summer maintenance and before major fall runoff to be sure the swale is ready for winter. However, additional inspection after periods of heavy runoff is desirable. The swale should be checked for debris and litter, and areas of sediment accumulation. • Grass height and mowing frequency may not have a large impact on pollutant removal. Consequently, mowing may only be necessary once or twice a year for safety or aesthetics or to suppress weeds and woody vegetation. • Trash tends to accumulate in swale areas, particularly along highways. The need for litter removal is determined through periodic inspection, but litter should always be removed prior to mowing. • Sediment accumulating near culverts and in channels should be removed when it builds up to 75 mm (3 in.) at any spot, or covers vegetation. • Regularly inspect swales for pools of standing water. Swales can become a nuisance due to mosquito breeding in standing water if obstructions develop (e.g. debris accumulation, invasive vegetation) and/or if proper drainage slopes are not implemented and maintained. 6 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com Vegetated Swaie TC-30 Cost Construction Cost Little data is available to estimate the difference in cost between various swale designs. One study (SWRPC, 1991) estimated the construction cost of grassed channels at approximately $0.25 per ft2. This price does not include design costs or contingencies. Brown and Schueler (1997) estimate these costs at approximately 32 percent of construction costs for most stormwater management practices. For swales, however, these costs would probably be significantly higher since the construction costs are so low compared with other practices. A more realistic estimate would be a total cost of approximately $0.50 per ft2, which compares favorably with other stormwater management practices. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 7 of 13 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com Vegetated Buffer Strip TC-31 Design Considerations • Tributary Area • Slope • Water Availability • Aesthetics Description Grassed buffer strips (vegetated filter strips, filter strips, and grassed filters) are vegetated surfaces that are designed to treat sheet flow from adjacent surfaces. Filter strips function by slowing runoff velocities and allowing sediment and other pollutants to settle and by providing some infiltration into underlying soils. Filter strips were originally used as an agricultural treatment practice and have more recently evolved into an urban practice. With proper design and maintenance, filter strips can provide relatively high pollutant removal. In addition, the public views them as landscaped amenities and not as stormwater infrastructure. Consequently, there is little resistance to their use. California Experience Caltrans constructed and monitored three vegetated buffer strips in southern California and is currently evaluating their performance at eight additional sites statewide. These strips were generally effective in reducing the volume and mass of pollutants in runoff. Even in the areas where the annual rainfall was only about 10 inches/yr, the vegetation did not require additional irrigation. One factor that strongly affected performance was the presence of large numbers of gophers at most of the southern California sites. The gophers created earthen mounds, destroyed vegetation, and generally reduced the effectiveness of the controls for TSS reduction. Advantages • Buffers require minimal maintenance activity (generally just erosion prevention and mowing). • If properly designed, vegetated, and operated, buffer strips can provide reliable water quality benefits in conjunction with high aesthetic appeal. Targeted Constituents / Sediment I / Nutrients < •S Trash A / Metals i •/ Bacteria « / Oil and Grease • J Organics A Legend (Removal Effectiveness) • Low • High A Medium SQA California Stormwater Quality Association January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 1 of 8 TC-31 Vegetated Buffer Strip • Flow characteristics and vegetation type and density can be closely controlled to maximize BMP effectiveness. • Roadside shoulders act as effective buffer strips when slope and length meet criteria described below. Limitations • May not be appropriate for industrial sites or locations where spills may occur. • Buffer strips cannot treat a very large drainage area. • A thick vegetative cover is needed for these practices to function properly. • Buffer or vegetative filter length must be adequate and flow characteristics acceptable or water quality performance can be severely limited. • Vegetative buffers may not provide treatment for dissolved constituents except to the extent that flows across the vegetated surface are infiltrated into the soil profile. • This technology does not provide significant attenuation of the increased volume and flow rate of runoff during intense rain events. Design and Sizing Guidelines • Maximum length (in the direction of flow towards the buffer) of the tributary area should be 60 feet. • Slopes should not exceed 15%. • Minimum length (in direction of flow) is 15 feet. • Width should be the same as the tributary area. • Either grass or a diverse selection of other low growing, drought tolerant, native vegetation should be specified. Vegetation whose growing season corresponds to the wet season is preferred. Construction/Inspection Considerations • Include directions in the specifications for use of appropriate fertilizer and soil amendments based on soil properties determined through testing and compared to the needs of the vegetation requirements. • Install strips at the time of the year when there is a reasonable chance of successful establishment without irrigation; however, it is recognized that rainfall in a given year may not be sufficient and temporary irrigation may be required. • If sod tiles must be used, they should be placed so that there are no gaps between the tiles; stagger the ends of the tiles to prevent the formation of channels along the strip. • Use a roller on the sod to ensure that no air pockets form between the sod and the soil. 2 of 8 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com Vegetated Buffer Strip TC-31 • Where seeds are used, erosion controls will be necessary to protect seeds for at least 75 days after the first rainfall of the season. Performance Vegetated buffer strips tend to provide somewhat better treatment of stormwater runoff than swales and have fewer tendencies for channelization or erosion. Table i documents the pollutant removal observed in a recent study by Caltrans (2002) based on three sites in southern California. The column labeled "Significance" is the probability that the mean influent and effluent EMCs are not significantly different based on an analysis of variance. The removal of sediment and dissolved metals was comparable to that observed in much more complex controls. Reduction in nitrogen was not significant and all of the sites exported phosphorus for the entire study period. This may have been the result of using salt grass, a warm weather species that is dormant during the wet season, and which leaches phosphorus when dormant. Another Caltrans study (unpublished) of vegetated highway shoulders as buffer strips also found substantial reductions often within a very short distance of the edge of pavement. Figure i presents a box and whisker plot of the concentrations of TSS in highway runoff after traveling various distances (shown in meters) through a vegetated filter strip with a slope of about 10%. One can see that the TSS median concentration reaches an irreducible minimum concentration of about 20 mg/L within 5 meters of the pavement edge. Table 1 Pollutant Reduction in a Vegetated Buffer Strip Constituent TSS NO3-N TKN-N Total Na Dissolved P Total P Total Cu Total Pb Total Zn Dissolved Cu Dissolved Pb Dissolved Zn ivx^aii Influent (mg/L) 119 0.67 2.50 3-17 0.15 0.42 0.058 0.046 0.245 0.029 0.004 0.099 . JJjl*A»^ Effluent (mg/L) 31 0.58 2.10 2.68 0.46 0.62 0.009 0.006 0.055 0.007 O.O02 0.035 Removal % 74 13 16 15 ••vo6 84 88 78 77 66 65 Significance P <o.ooo 0.367 0.542 - 0.047 0.035 <o.ooo <o.ooo <o.ooo 0.004 0.006 <o.ooo January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 3 of 8 TC-31 Vegetated Buffer Strip o 100 90 80 7Q 60 - 40 30 20 10 0 length p O <£> ^t &to Filter strips also exhibit good removal of litter and other floatables because the water depth in these systems is well below the vegetation height and consequently these materials are not easily transported through them. Unfortunately little attenuation of peak runoff rates and volumes (particularly for larger events) is normally observed, depending on the soil properties. Therefore it may be prudent to follow the strips with another practice than can reduce flooding and channel erosion downstream. Siting Criteria The use of buffer strips is limited to gently sloping areas where the vegetative cover is robust and diffuse, and where shallow flow characteristics are possible. The practical water quality benefits can be effectively eliminated with the occurrence of significant erosion or when flow concentration occurs across the vegetated surface. Slopes should not exceed 15 percent or be less than i percent. The vegetative surface should extend across the full width of the area being drained. The upstream boundary of the filter should be located contiguous to the developed area. Use of a level spreading device (vegetated berm, sawtooth concrete border, rock trench, etc) to facilitate overland sheet flow is not normally recommended because of maintenance considerations and the potential for standing water. Filter strips are applicable in most regions, but are restricted in some situations because they consume a large amount of space relative to other practices. Filter strips are best suited to treating runoff from roads and highways, roof downspouts, small parking lots, and pervious surfaces. They are also ideal components of the "outer zone" of a stream buffer or as pretreatment to a structural practice. In arid areas, however, the cost of irrigating the grass on the practice will most likely outweigh its water quality benefits, although aesthetic considerations may be sufficient to overcome this constraint. Filter strips are generally impractical in ultra-urban areas where little pervious surface exists. Some cold water species, such as trout, are sensitive to changes in temperature. While some treatment practices, such as wet ponds, can warm stormwater substantially, filter strips do not 4 Of 8 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 Vegetated Buffer Strip TC-31 are not expected to increase stormwater temperatures. Thus, these practices are good for protection of cold-water streams. Filter strips should be separated from the ground water by between 2 and 4 ft to prevent contamination and to ensure that the filter strip does not remain wet between storms. Additional Design Guidelines Filter strips appear to be a minimal design practice because they are basically no more than a grassed slope. In general the slope of the strip should not exceed isfc% and the strip should be at least 15 feet long to provide water quality treatment. Both the top and toe of the slope should be as flat as possible to encourage sheet flow and prevent erosion. The top of the strip should be installed 2-5 inches below the adjacent pavement, so that vegetation and sediment accumulation at the edge of the strip does not prevent runoff from entering. A major question that remains unresolved is how large the drainage area to a strip can be. Research has conclusively demonstrated that these are effective on roadside shoulders, where the contributing area is about twice the buffer area. They have also been installed on the perimeter of large parking lots where they performed fairly effectively; however much lower slopes may be needed to provide adequate water quality treatment. The filter area should be densely vegetated with a mix of erosion-resistant plant species that effectively bind the soil. Native or adapted grasses, shrubs, and trees are preferred because they generally require less fertilizer and are more drought resistant than exotic plants. Runoff flow velocities should not exceed about i fps across the vegetated surface. For engineered vegetative strips, the facility surface should be graded flat prior to placement of vegetation. Initial establishment of vegetation requires attentive care including appropriate watering, fertilization, and prevention of excessive flow across the facility until vegetation completely covers the area and is well established. Use of a permanent irrigation system may help provide maximal water quality performance. In cold climates, filter strips provide a convenient area for snow storage and treatment. If used for this purpose, vegetation in the filter strip should be salt-tolerant (e.g., creeping bentgrass), and a maintenance schedule should include the removal of sand built up at the bottom of the slope. In arid or semi-arid climates, designers should specify drought-tolerant grasses to minimize irrigation requirements. Maintenance Filter strips require mainly vegetation management; therefore little special training is needed for maintenance crews. Typical maintenance activities and frequencies include: • Inspect strips at least twice annually for erosion or damage to vegetation, preferably at the end of the wet season to schedule summer maintenance and before major fall run-off to be sure the strip is ready for winter. However, additional inspection after periods of heavy run- off is most desirable. The strip should be checked for debris and litter and areas of sediment accumulation. • Recent research on biofiltration swales, but likely applicable to strips (Colwell et al., 2000), indicates that grass height and mowing frequency have little impact on pollutant removal; January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 8 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com TC-31 Vegetated Buffer Strip consequently, mowing may only be necessary once or twice a year for safety and aesthetics or to suppress weeds and woody vegetation. • Trash tends to accumulate in strip areas, particularly along highways. The need for litter removal should be determined through periodic inspection but litter should always be removed prior to mowing. • Regularly inspect vegetated buffer strips for pools of standing water. Vegetated buffer strips can become a nuisance due to mosquito breeding in level spreaders (unless designed to dewater completely in 48-72 hours), in pools of standing water if obstructions develop (e.g. debris accumulation, invasive vegetation), and/or if proper drainage slopes are not implemented and maintained. Cost Construction Cost Little data is available on the actual construction costs of filter strips. One rough estimate can be the cost of seed or sod, which is approximately 3O<t per ft2 for seed or 704; per ft2 for sod. This amounts to between $13,000 and $30,000 per acre of filter strip. This cost is relatively high compared with other treatment practices. However, the grassed area used as a filter strip may have been seeded or sodded even if it were not used for treatment. In these cases, the only additional cost is the design. Typical maintenance costs are about $35O/acre/year (adapted from SWRPC, 1991). This cost is relatively inexpensive and, again, might overlap with regular landscape maintenance costs. The true cost of filter strips is the land they consume. In some situations this land is available as wasted space beyond back yards or adjacent to roadsides, but this practice is cost-prohibitive when land prices are high and land could be used for other purposes. Maintenance Cost Maintenance of vegetated buffer strips consists mainly of vegetation management (mowing, irrigation if needed, weeding) and litter removal. Consequently the costs are quite variable depending on the frequency of these activities and the local labor rate. References and Sources of Additional Information Caltrans, 2002, BMP Retrofit Pilot Program Proposed Final Report, Rpt. CTSW-RT-oi-oso, California Dept. of Transportation, Sacramento, CA. Center for Watershed Protection (CWP). 1996. Design of Stormwater Filtering Systems. Prepared for Chesapeake Research Consortium, Solomons, MD, and EPA Region V, Chicago, IL. Desbonette, A., P. Pogue, V. Lee, and N. Wolff. 1994. Vegetated Buffers in the Coastal Zone: A Summary Review and Bibliography. Coastal Resources Center. University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI. Magette, W., R. Brinsfield, R. Palmer and J. Wood. 1989. Nutrient and Sediment Removal by Vegetated Filter Strips. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 32(2): 663-667. 6 of 8 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com Vegetated Buffer Strip TC-31 Metzger, M. E., D. F. Messer, C. L. Beitia, C. M. Myers, and V. L. Kramer. 2002. The Dark Side Of Stormwater Runoff Management: Disease Vectors Associated With Structural BMPs. Stormwater 3(2): 24-39. Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SWRPC). 1991. Costs of Urban Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Control Measures. Technical report no. 31. Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission, Waukesha, WI. Yu, S., S. Barnes and V. Gerde. 1993. Testing of Best Management Practices for Controlling Highway Runoff. FHWA/VA 93-Ri6. Virginia Transportation Research Council, Charlottesville, VA. Information Resources Center for Watershed Protection (CWP). 1997. Stormwater BMP Design Supplement for Cold Climates. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Wetlands, Oceans and Watersheds. Washington, DC. Maryland Department of the Environment (MDE). 2000. Maryland Stormwater Design Manual, http://www.mde.state.md.us/environment/wma/stormwatermanual. Accessed May 22, 2001. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 7 of 8 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com TC-31 Vegetated Buffer Strip Pavement Area 03m Level Spreader(designs include gravel trenches, sills,embedded curbs, modular porous pavement, and stabilized turf strip) Note: Not to Scale 8 of 8 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 Drain Inserts MP-52 Description Drain inserts are manufactured filters or fabric placed in a drop Inlet to remove sediment and debris. There are a multitude of inserts of various shapes and configurations, typically falling into one of three different groups: socks, boxes, and trays. The sock consists of a fabric, usually constructed of polypropylene. The fabric may be attached to a frame or the grate of the inlet holds the sock. Socks are meant for vertical (drop) inlets. Boxes are constructed of plastic or wire mesh. Typically a polypropylene "bag" is placed in the wire mesh box. The bag takes the form of the box. Most box products are one box; that is, the setting area and filtration through media occur in the same box. Some products consist of one or more trays or mesh grates. The trays may hold different types of media. Filtration media vary by manufacturer. Types include polypropylene, porous polymer, treated cellulose, and activated carbon. California Experience The number of installations is unknown but likely exceeds a thousand. Some users have reported that these systems require considerable maintenance to prevent plugging and bypass. Advantages • Does not require additional space as inserts as the drain inlets are already a component of the standard drainage systems. • Easy access for inspection and maintenance. • As there is 110 standing water, there is little concern for mosquito breeding. • A relatively inexpensive retrofit option. Limitations Performance is likely significantly less than treatment systems that are located at the end of the drainage system such as ponds and vaults. Usually not suitable for large areas or areas with trash or leaves than can plug the insert. Design and Sizing Guidelines Refer to manufacturer's guidelines. Drain inserts come any many configurations but can be placed into three general groups: socks, boxes, and trays. The sock consists of a fabric, usually constructed of polypropylene. The fabric may be attached to a frame or the grate of the inlet holds the sock. Socks are meant for vertical (drop) inlets. Boxes are constructed of plastic or wire mesh. Typically a polypropylene "bag" is placed in the wire mesh box. The bag takes the form of the box. Most box products are Design Considerations • Use with other BMPs • Fit and Seal Capacity within Inlet Targeted Constituents 0 Sediment 0 Nutrients 0 Trash 0 Metals Bacteria 0 Oil and Grease 0 Organics Removal Effectiveness See New Development and Redevelopment Handbook-Section 5. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.corn 1 of 3 MP-52 Drain Inserts one box; that is, the setting area and filtration through media occurs in the same box. One manufacturer has a double-box. Stormwater enters the first box where setting occurs. The stormwater flows into the second box where the filter media is located. Some products consist of one or more trays or mesh grates. The trays can hold different types of media. Filtration media vary with the manufacturer: types include polypropylene, porous polymer, treated cellulose, and activated carbon. Construction/Inspection Considerations Be certain that installation is done in a manner that makes certain that the stonnwater enters the unit and does not leak around the perimeter. Leakage between the frame of the insert and the frame of the drain inlet can easily occur with vertical (drop) inlets. Performance Few products have performance data collected under field conditions. Siting Criteria It is recommended that inserts be used only for retrofit situations or as pretreatment where other treatment BMPs presented in this section area used. Additional Design Guidelines Follow guidelines provided by individual manufacturers. Maintenance Likely require frequent maintenance, on the order of several times per year. Cost • The initial cost of individual inserts ranges from less than $100 to about $2,000. The cost of using multiple units in curb inlet drains varies with the size of the inlet. • The low cost of inserts may tend to favor the use of these systems over other, more effective treatment BMPs. However, the low cost of each unit may be offset by the number of units that are required, more frequent maintenance, and the shorter structural life (and therefore replacement). References and Sources of Additional Information Hrachovec, R., and G. Minton, 2001, Field testing of a sock-type catch basin insert, Planet CPR, Seattle, Washington Interagency Catch Basin Insert Committee, Evaluation of Commercially-Available Catch Basin Inserts for the Treatment of Stonnwater Runoff from Developed Sites, 1995 Larry Walker Associates, June 1998, NDMP Inlet/In-Line Control Measure Study Report Manufacturers literature Santa Monica (City), Santa Monica Bay Municipal Stormwater/Urban Runoff Project - Evaluation of Potential Catch basin Retrofits, Woodward Clyde, September 24,1998 2 of 3 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 E^Jew Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.conn Drain Inserts MP-52 Woodward Clyde, June 11,1996, Parking Lot Monitoring Report, Santa Clara Valley Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Program. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 3 New Development and Redevelopment ww w. ca hm p h and books. co m Multiple System Fact Sheet TC-60 Design Considerations • Area Required • Slope • Water Availability • Hydraulic Head • Environmental Side-effects Targeted Constituents Description A multiple treatment system uses two or more BMPs in series. Some examples of multiple systems include: settling basin combined with a sand filter; settling basin or biofilter combined with an infiltration basin or trench; extended detention zone on a wet pond. California Experience The research wetlands at Fremont, California are a combination of wet ponds, wetlands, and vegetated controls. Advantages • BMPs that are less sensitive to high pollutant loadings, especially solids, can be used to pretreat runoff for sand filters and infiltration devices where the potential for clogging exists. • BMPs which target different constituents can be combined to provide treatment for all constituents of concern. • BMPs which use different removal processes (sedimentation, filtration, biological uptake) can be combined to improve the overall removal efficiency for a given constituent. • BMPs in series can provide redundancy and reduce the likelihood of total system failure. Limitations • Capital costs of multiple systems are higher than for single devices. • Space requirements are greater than that required for a single technology. Design and Sizing Guidelines Refer to individual treatment control BMP fact sheets. Performance • Be aware that placing multiple BMPs in series does not necessarily result in combined cumulative increased performance. This is because the first BMP may already achieve part of the gain normally achieved by the second BMP. On the other hand, picking the right combination can often help optimize performance of the second BMP since the influent to the second BMP is of more consistent water quality, and thus more consistent performance, thereby allowing the BMP to achieve its highest performance. • When addressing multiple constituents through multiple BMPs, one BMP may optimize removal of a particular constituent, while another BMP optimizes removal of a different / / / / / / Sediment Nutrients Trash Metals Bacteria Oil and Grease y Organics Legend (Removal Effectiveness) • Low • High A Medium January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 1 of 2 TC-60 Multiple System Fact Sheet constituent or set of constituents. Therefore, selecting the right combination of BMPs can be very constructive in collectively removing multiple constituents. Siting Criteria Refer to individual treatment control BMP fact sheets. Additional Design Guidelines • When using two or more BMPs in series, it may be possible to reduce the size of BMPs. • Existing pretreatment requirements may be able to be avoided when using some BMP combinations. Maintenance Refer to individual treatment control BMP fact sheets. Cost Refer to individual treatment control BMP fact sheets. Resources and Sources of Additional Information Refer to individual treatment control BMP fact sheets. 2 of 2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com ATTACHMENT 10 Section 5 BMP Implementation and Evaluation 5.1 Introduction As noted in Section l each municipality regulated under storrawater NPDES permits, whether categorized as a Phase I or Phase II municipality, is required to implement a stormwater management program and to assess the effectiveness of the program. Although specific program requirements and the level of implementation required differ between Phase I and Phase II municipalities, both prohibit non-stonnwater discharges into storm drains, and require controls to reduce the discharge of pollutants to the maximum extent practicable (MEP). As part of the program, the municipalities are required to address public agency (municipal) operations to reduce the discharge of pollutants and to assess these efforts. Section 2 provides information on some of the necessary elements and steps involved in identifying BMPs for municipal activities occurring at fixed facilities and in field programs, whereas this Section discusses the components necessary to successfully implement a BMP and evaluate its effectiveness. 5.2 BMP Implementation Municipal employees perform numerous municipal activities that have the potential to discharge pollutants. Staff should consistently implement the procedures or BMPs applicable to these activities. Some municipal activities are contracted to other parties. For example, many municipalities contract out street sweeping or waste collection. Similarly, many municipalities lease city-owned facilities to other parties, at which activities take place that have the potential to discharge pollutants. To ensure measures are taken to reduce pollutants while contractors or lessees perform such activities, contract and lease language should explicitly specify requirements to comply with all BMP specifications. Sample contract/lease language is presented in Appendix D. Successful implementation of a BMP is dependent on the following components: • Effective training of municipal and contract employees working in both fixed facilities and field programs. • Regular inspections of fixed facilities, field programs, and treatment controls. • Maintenance of treatment controls as needed to ensure proper functioning, • Periodic evaluation/monitor ing of BMP performance consistent with NPDES permit requirements. • Follow-up action to correct deficiencies in BMP implementation noted during inspections. • Accurate record keeping to track training, inspections, monitoring, and BMP maintenance. • Submittal of an annual report to the applicable RWQCB regarding the effectiveness of the municipal efforts to reduce pollutants from fixed facilities and field programs. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5-1 Errata 9-04 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Section 5 BMP Implementation and Evaluation m For Phase II Programs, documentation showing how the municipality has met its measurable goals, or revisions to those goals with supporting documentation. 5.3 Staff Training Education and training is the key to the success of BMP implementation. Typically, municipalities provide annual training sessions. In addition to municipally sponsored training, staff may also attend local, regional, statewide, or national training seminars or workshops related to stormwater management and water quality conducted by other organizations. In general, a municipality should consider a training program for employees working in fixed facilities and/or field programs. Hie training program should address the following subjects: • Maintenance Procedure Implementation and Inspection - In this training effort, proper procedures for performing municipal activities that may adversely affect stormwater quality are addressed. Maintenance procedures cover a wide range of municipal activities and the training may address either all maintenance procedures applicable to the municipality or a specific procedure (e.g. fertilizer and pesticide use). This training can be conducted in either a formal or a tailgate-style format. • Pollution Prevention/Spill Awareness - This training addresses the general techniques municipal staff may implement to prevent pollution, as well as to respond to spills once they have occurred. Training can be tailored to management and other municipal staff who oversee pollution prevention measures, to field staff conducting activities that may result in spills, or to field staff who may encounter spills or illicit discharges. 5.4 Site Inspections Inspections of municipal fixed facilities and field programs should be performed to verify that BMPs are being implemented, that they are appropriate for that facility or program, and that they continue to reduce the discharge of pollutants. Inspections generally consist of the following: • Fixed Facilities - Inspections are typically performed by a combination of stormwater program staff and on-site fixed facility managers. The inspection of a fixed facility may include spot checks of the facility and activities being performed at the facility, and interviews with key line staff. « Field Programs- Inspections are typically performed by a combination of stormwater program staff and field program supervisors. The inspection of a field program may include spot checks of activities being performed, and interviews with key staff. • Contracted Activities - Inspections are typically performed by municipal staff to supplement and check on self-inspections and reporting by the management staff of the contract firm performing the activity. Performance should be checked against contract/lease language (see Appendix D). 5-2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal Errata 9-04 www.cabmphandbooks.com Section 5 BMP Implementation and Evaluation m Leased Facilities - Inspections are typically performed by municipal staff to supplement and check on self-inspections and reporting by the, management staff of the lessor (see Appendix D). 5.4.1 Inspection Frequencies Fixed facility or field prop-am inspection frequency depends on the nature of the facility or program. Annual inspection is typical, with a more frequent schedule for facilities/activities that pose a greater threat to discharge pollutants (e.g. corporation yards). In the event of an observed problem, such as ineffective maintenance procedures or detected non-stonnwater discharges, the inspection frequency should be increased as appropriate to facilitate correction of the problem (see section 5.7 for discussion regarding follow-up enforcement). 5.4.2 Inspection Documentation Procedures Inspection forms may be developed and used to properly document all inspections and gather the necessary information for record keeping and annual reporting. Examples include: • General Inspection Forms - These primary forms provide for a general characterization of the fixed facility or field program being inspected, including the type of facility or program, the reason for inspection, activities that may take place, and BMPs applicable for the facility. A general form for all inspections and a single fixed facility specific form should be completed. • Activity Specific Inspection Forms - These secondary forms include a series of questions or checklist items about specific activities taking place at a fixed facility or as part of a field program, as well as a list of suggested corrective action plans that can be implemented should a problem be found. All forms applicable to the activities being performed at a fixed facility or field program should be completed. 5.5 Treatment Control BMP Maintenance Maintenance of treatment controls and drainage conveyance systems (e.g. detention and retention basins, infiltration devices, catch basins) including regular inspections as presented in Section 4, is needed to maintain efficient pollutant reduction. If treatment control BMPs are not properly maintained, BMP effectiveness is reduced and water quality deteriorates. Training should be provided where needed. Maintenance schedules should be periodically reviewed and updated as needed to maintain BMP effectiveness. Where regular scheduled maintenance is not appropriate, regular inspections should be scheduled to determine when repairs, cleaning, or replacement are necessary. See Section 4 for a comprehensive discussion regarding maintenance of treatment control BMPs. Where municipal contractors are responsible for maintenance of treatment controls, special attention should be directed toward ensuring proper maintenance procedures are implemented. Contract and lease language should include recommended maintenance procedures and schedules. Regularly scheduled inspections of facilities or programs operated by the contractor should include compliance with BMP maintenance requirements. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5-3 Errata 9-04 Municipal www,cabrnphandbooks.com Section 5 BMP Implementation and Evaluation 5.6 Analytical Monitoring Although expensive, stormwater monitoring is a valuable way to assess long-term BMP effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of selected BMPs at reducing pollutants to the "maximum extent practicable". For Phase I municipalities, specific monitoring requirements depend on the individual NPDES permits issued. Phase II municipalities are covered by the Phase II General NPDES Permit and are not explicitly required to conduct chemical monitoring. Monitoring activities can include source identification, and chemical characterization of effluent/runoff, and non-stormwater discharges. It is beyond the scope of this handbook to describe specific sampling and analytical techniques. For guidance on conventional stormwater sampling techniques and protocol, the reader should refer to NPDES Stormwater Sampling Guidance Document, 1992, published by the USEPA, or Caltrans' Guidance Manual: Stormwater Monitoring Protocols, 2000. 5.7 Enforcement To ensure proper BMP performance, enforcement procedures and mechanisms should be established for the municipal fixed facilities and field programs. Enforcement actions may occur as a result of a problem found during an inspection or in response to a complaint that is received. Several different types of enforcement mechanisms and penalties can be utilized to ensure compliance. The internal enforcement procedures, directed toward municipal staff, include initial verbal warnings, written warnings, and more serious disciplinary actions if verbal and written warnings do not result in appropriate action. External enforcement procedures which pertain to municipal contractors may be undertaken primarily by the municipality's inspectors, managers, and supervisors who possess enforcement authority through established policies and procedures or ordinances. Depending on the severity of the violation, enforcement could range from the issuance of a notice of noncompliance to the loss of a contract or lease, or a fine. 5.8 Record keeping As applicable, the municipality should maintain records demonstrating successful implementation of BMPs. Recordkeeping may include training, site inspection and maintenance, and if applicable, monitoring. Training and Workshops Records of all training sessions provided to staff should be maintained to allow for: • determining which staff requires which training; • determining when training sessions must be conducted; and • documenting training activities for enforcement and compliance purposes. Municipal staff may attend training sessions or workshops sponsored by non-Permittees such as local or national organizations. For these sessions, the following information should be recorded: 5-4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal Errata 9-04 www.cabmphandbooks.com Section 5 BMP Implementation and Evaluation m Name of Workshop/Training » Sponsoring Organization • General Description of the Subject Matter • Location • Date • Attendee information (name, title, department, phone and/or email) Site Inspection and BMP Maintenance Inspection reports should be kept to track frequency and results of inspections, BMPs implemented, condition of BMPs inspected, and follow-up actions taken. It is also important to keep a record of maintenance activities or any other BMPs that are of an "action" nature. It is easy to demonstrate that a BMP that involves a physical change, such as bermiiig or covering, has been accomplished. However, actions that relate to good housekeeping can only be demonstrated by recordkeeping. Besides demonstrating compliance, records can assist in BMP management. Keeping a record of catch basin cleaning, for example, also provides insight into how long it takes for the catch basin sump to refill. Monitoring Records of all stormwater monitoring information, inspections and visual observations, certifications, corrective actions and follow-up activities, and copies of all reports must be retained for a period of at least five years. These records shall include at a minimum, when applicable: • Date, place, and time of sampling, visual observations, and/or measurements, • Individual(s) who performed the sampling, visual observations, and or measurements. • Visual observation records for storm events. • Visual observations and inspections of non-stormwater discharges. • Calibration and maintenance records of on-site instruments used. • Visual observations and sample collection exception records, • Date and approximate time of analyses. • Individual who performed the analyses. » Analytical results, method detection limits, and the analytical techniques or methods used. • Quality assurance/quality control records and results. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5-5 Errata 9-04 Municipal www.cabmphandbooks.com Section 5 BMP implementation and Evaluation » Sampling and analysis exemption and reduction certifications and supporting documentation. • Records of any corrective actions and follow-up activities that resulted from the visual observations. 5.9 Reporting Phase I municipalities are required to submit annual reports documenting BMP implementation, with due dates varying depending on individual NPDES permit requirements. Specific reporting requirements differ between individual permits. Typically, they include, but are not limited to, the following: • Program implementation status. • Summary of stormwater activities performed. • Stormwater monitoring results summary and analysis. • Assessment of the effectiveness of selected control measures or BMPs. • Changes or suggested changes to the BMP that will improve overall effectiveness of the program. Phase II municipalities will be required under the Phase II General NDPES Permit, beginning in 2004, to submit annual reports to the appropriate RWQCB by August 15th of each year, or as otherwise required by the RWQCB executive officer. Specific reporting requirements will include: • Program implementation status. • Summary of stormwater activities performed. • Results of information collected, such as monitoring data. • Summary of proposed stormwater activities for the next reporting cycle. • Changes made in BMP selection. • Changes in stormwater management personnel. • Changes made in program or measurable goals. 5-6 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 Municipal Errata 9-04 www.cabrnphandbooks.com Section 6 Long-term Maintenance of BMPs 6.1 Introduction The long-term performance of BMPs hinges on ongoing and proper maintenance. In order for this to occur detailed maintenance plans are needed that include specific maintenance activities and frequencies for each type of BMP. In addition, these should include indicators for assessing when "as needed" maintenance activities are required. The fact sheets included in this volume contain the basic information needed to develop these maintenance plans, but municipalities and other regulatory agencies also need to identify the responsible party and potentially to address funding requirements. The following discussion is based primarily on data developed by Horner et al. (1994) and information available at http://www.stormwatercenter.net/ 6.2 Critical Regulatory Components Critical regulatory components identified by Horner et al. (1994) include: • Regulations should officially designate a responsible party, frequently the development site owner, to have ultimate responsibility for the continued maintenance of stormwater facilities. This official designation provides the opportunity for appropriate preparation and budgeting prior to actually assuming responsibilities. It also facilitates enforcement or other legal remedies necessary to address compliance or performance problems once the facility has been constructed. • Regulations should clearly state the inspection and maintenance requirements. Inspection and maintenance requirements should also comply with all applicable statutes and be based on the needs and priorities of the individual measure or facility. A clear presentation will help owners and builders comply and inspectors enforce requirements. • Regulations should contain comprehensive requirements for documenting and detailing maintenance. A facility operation and maintenance manual should be prepared containing accurate and comprehensive drawings or plans of the completed facility and detailed descriptions and schedules of inspection and maintenance. • The regulations should delineate the procedure for maintenance noncompliance. This process should provide informal, discretionary measures to deal with periodic, inadvertent noncompliance and formal and severe measures to address chronic noncompliance or performance problems. In either case, the primary goal of enforcement is to maintain an effective BMP - the enforcement action should not become an end in itself. • Regulations should also address the possibility of total default by the owner or builder by providing a way to complete construction and continue maintenance. For example, the public might assume maintenance responsibility. If so, the designated public agency must be alerted and possess the necessary staffing, equipment, expertise, and funding to assume this responsibility. Default can be addressed through bonds and other performance January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 6-1 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com Section 6 Long-term Maintenance ofBMPs guarantees obtained before the project is approved and construction begins. These bonds can then be used to fund the necessary maintenance activities. • The regulations must recognize that adequate and secure funding is needed for facility inspection and maintenance and provide for such funding. 6.3 Enforcement Options A public agency will sometimes need to compel those responsible for facility construction or maintenance to fulfill their obligations. Therefore, the maintenance program must have enforcement options for quick corrective action. Rather than a single enforcement measure, the program should have a variety of techniques, each with its own degree of formality and legal weight. The inspection program should provide for nonconforming performance and even default, and contain suitable means to address all stages. Prior to receiving construction approval, the developer or builder can be forced to provide performance guarantees. The public agency overseeing the construction can use these guarantees, usually a performance bond or other surety in an amount equal to some fraction of the facility's construction cost, to fund maintenance activities. Enforcement of maintenance requirements can be accomplished through a stormwater maintenance agreement, which is a formal contract between a local government and a property owner designed to guarantee that specific maintenance functions are performed in exchange for permission to develop that property (http://www.stormwatercenter.net/). Local governments benefit from these agreements in that responsibility for regular maintenance of the BMPs can be placed upon the property owner or other legally recognized party, allowing agency staff more time for plan review and inspection. 6.4 Maintenance Agreements Maintenance agreements can be an effective tool for ensuring long-term maintenance of on-site BMPs. The most important aspect of creating these maintenance agreements is to clearly define the responsibilities of each parry entering into the agreement. Basic language that should be incorporated into an agreement includes the following: 1. Performance of Routine Maintenance Local governments often find it easier to have a property owner perform all maintenance according to the requirements of a Design Manual. Other communities require that property owners do aesthetic maintenance (i.e., mowing, vegetation removal) and implement pollution prevention plans, but elect to perform structural maintenance and sediment removal themselves. 2. Maintenance Schedules Maintenance requirements may vary, but usually governments require that all BMP owners perform at least an annual inspection and document the maintenance and repairs performed. An annual report must then be submitted to the government, who may then choose to perform an inspection of the facility. 6-2 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.corn Section 6 Long-term Maintenance of BMPs 3. Inspection Requirements Local governments may obligate themselves to perform an annual inspection of a BMP, or may choose to inspect when deemed necessary instead. Local governments may also wish to include language allowing maintenance requirements to be increased if deemed necessary to ensure proper functioning of the BMP. 4. Access to BMPs The agreement should grant permission to a local government or its authorized agent to enter onto property to inspect BMPs. If deficiencies are noted, the government should then provide a copy of the inspection report to the property owner and provide a timeline for repair of these deficiencies. 5. Failure to Maintain In the maintenance agreement, the government should repeat the steps available for addressing a failure to maintain situation. Language allowing access to BMPs cited as not properly maintained is essential, along with the right to charge any costs for repairs back to the property owner. The government may wish to include deadlines for repayment of maintenance costs, and provide for liens against property up to the cost of the maintenance plus interest. 6. Recording Of The Maintenance Agreement An important aspect to the recording of the maintenance agreement is that the agreement be recorded into local deed records. This helps ensure that the maintenance agreement is bound to the property in perpetuity. Finally, some communities elect to include easement requirements into their maintenance agreements. While easement agreements are often secured through a separate legal agreement, recording public access easements for maintenance in a maintenance agreement reinforces a local government's right to enter and inspect a BMP. Examples of maintenance agreements include several available on the web at: http://www.storrnwatercenter.net/ 6.5 Public Funding Sources If local agencies are willing to assume responsibility for stormwater BMPs, it is essential to identify the long-term funding sources. Several of these are described below: General Tax Revenues Tax revenues are an obvious source of funding, particularly for the long-term inspection and maintenance of existing runoff and drainage facilities. The benefits and protection to the public from continued safe and effective operation of the facility justifies using revenues from general funds. To use tax revenues, particularly from a general fund, the inspection and maintenance program must annually compete with all other programs included in the government's annual operating budget. This inconsistent and unreliable funding makes securing a long-term financial January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 6-3 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com Section 6 Long-term Maintenance of BMPs commitment to inspection and maintenance difficult and subject to political pressures. Nevertheless, tax revenues remain a popular funding source because the collection and disbursement system is already in place and familiar. Utility Charges Using utility charges to fund inspection and maintenance is a somewhat recent application of an already established financing technique. In addition, several municipalities and counties throughout the country have runoff management, drainage, and flood control authorities or districts to provide residents with runoff related services. Using utility charge financing has several advantages. By addressing only runoff needs and benefits, utility funding avoids competing with other programs and needs. Utility funding also demonstrates a direct link between the funding and the services it provides. This approach can require an entirely new operating system and organization that needs legal authorization to exist, operate, and assess charges. The effort required to create such an entity can deter many, although the continued success of established authorities and growth of new ones have done much to allay concerns over the effort required. In a runoff utility, the user charges are often based on the need for services rather than the benefits derived from them. While charges are based on actual costs to inspect and maintain runoff facilities and measures within the service area, the assessed rate structure should relate to site characteristics. These include property area size, extent of impervious coverage, and other factors with a direct and demonstrable effect on runoff. To be fair, the rate structure should also remain simple and understandable to the ratepayer. To finance the stormwater utility in Prince William County, Virginia, residential and nonresidential owners of developed property pay based on the amount of impervious area (rooftops, paved areas, etc.) on their property. Residents pay $10.38 billed twice a year ($20.76 total annual fee) for detached singe-family homes. Town home and condominium owners will pay $7.785 billed twice a year ($15.57 total annual fee). Nonresidential property owners pay $0.84 per 1,000 ft2 of impervious area per month. Fee adjustments or credits may be available if a stormwater management system is already in place. The fee will be on the real estate bills. Fees for the stormwater utility in Austin, Texas are higher with residential users billed $5.79/mo, while commercial users pay $94.62/mo/acre of impervious cover. These fees cover not only maintenance of existing BMPs, but also capital improvement projects related to the drainage infrastructure. Permit Fees Collecting permit fees to finance runoff inspection and maintenance is a long standing funding procedure. Most governmental entities local, county, and state can establish and collect fees and other charges to obtain operating funds for programs and services. Many inspection services, most notably the construction inspection of both ESC measures and permanent drainage and runoff management facilities, are financed at least in part through fees collected by permitting agencies. Unlike taxes or some utility charges, inspection costs are borne by those who need them. 6-4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com Section 6 Long-term Maintenance ofBMPs The permit fee collection program should have a demonstrable link to the runoff management or drainage systems. The public agency should demonstrate a direct link between the permit fees collected and the permitted project one method is using dedicated accounts for individual projects and facilities. Finally, the rate structure should reflect site characteristics such as area size or imperviousness that directly relate to the measure or facility by affecting runoff or erosion. Dedicated Contributions Public agencies at times have used developer contributions to fund long-term facility maintenance. This approach is particularly appropriate in single-family residential subdivisions, where numerous individual property owners served by a single runoff facility can result in confusion over who has maintenance responsibility. The exact funding technique depends on many factors, including community attitude and knowledge, economic and political viability, and program needs and costs. Some techniques, including permit fees and dedicated contributions, may be more appropriate for short-term activities, such as construction inspection. Others utility charges and specialized tax revenues may apply to all phases of an inspection and maintenance program but require considerable effort and special legal authorization to operate. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 6-5 (Mew Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com ATTACHMENT 11 ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. PO Box869 Oceanside,CA 92049 Office: (76(9 433-7640 Fax (760) 433-3176 gkent@blodeanenlronmentaJ.n9t www.blodeanenvironmental.net THE CALIFORNIA CURB SHELF BASKET WATER CLEANSING SYSTEM CURB BASKET - CONTINUOUS Upper large overflowfilter for catching large floatables such as beverage cups, leaves, etc. Z-mdd Drive Pin Catch Bask) Wai Details of Z-mold Figure 2 Figure 1 San Diego regional standard Curb Inlet - Type B flOW RATES par 3 ft BASKET Top Front Bottom Front Catches everything drain holes on front nnHhnttnm Clean Water Out Removable Basket catches everything - Remove through manhole without entry Bottom TOTAL SO .68 .68 .68 Aflft 85.1 17ft4 18S.S h(fl) 7.9 12.40 18.0 a (ft 1.6 3.8 5.1 10.8 Hydrophobia Hydrocarbon Absorbing Boom NOTES: 1. Filtration unit manufactured of marine grade fiberglass, gel coatedfor UV protection. 2. nitration unit has fine screen and coarse containment screen manufactured from stainless steel. 3. Filtration unit holds boom of absorbent madia to capture hydrocarbons. Boom Is easily replaced without removing mounting hardware, no zip ties required. Rgure 3 Patented 720 Mullet Road, Suite "H", Capa Canaveral, FL 32920 Ph: (321) 793-OOOIFax (321) 799-1245 wwwjuntreetech.com happe/@<iuntreetech. Side View In Catchbasin Curb Watter and trash in Round Removable Colloector Basket Manhole opening /ollector Arms. Course screen Medium Screen Fine Screen Fine Screen Concrete Catchbasin Curb inlet weir and trash collecting basket With Hydrophobic Hydrocarbon collector boom Inside of a concrete Catch basin. Pollutant Removal Efficiency '—-I 80% 70% 60% a 50% i 0 ! 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% <r • Ammonia, Sallcylate I Chemical Oxygen Demand • NRrate and Ntote Q Nitrogen, Total Kjaldahl • OH and Grease I Phosphate, Total ISofids, Suspender % Change Parameter © For Grated Inlets Multi-stage Filtration Captures Everything From Hydrocarbons, To Sediment, To Grass Clippings, To Human Trash...Everything! The Grate Inlet Slammer Box is made of durable fiberglass, with stainless steel filter screens backed by heavy duty aluminum, grating. Suntree Technologies has the ability to make custom shaped units to accommodate- any unique retrofit requirement. 3IO CLEAN STQRMWATER SYSTEMS P 0 Box 869, Oceanside, CA 92049 Phone l7f,CS\ « For Grated Or Non-Grated Utilizing filtration screens of different sieve sizes optimizes the water flow and the potential for capturing debris. If the unit becomes full of debris, the water flow can bypass the filtration process. Below* Ths installed unit is barely visible. Left: View of the Grate IMet Skimmer Box with flume, completely installed and ready for the grate to be placed back. Models are available for all standard San Diego and California type inlets, and can be easily serviced without entering the catchbasin. For More Information: ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES P.O. Box 869 Oceanside, CA 92049 Ph: (760) 433-7640 FAX: (760) 433-3176 ^ gkent@biocleanenvirorime www.biocleanenvironmental.net Coarse Sieve Size Up High For Collecting Litter & Foliagd Fine Sieve Size Screen In Back & Bottom For CollectingSediment Storm Boom For Collecting Hydrocarbons Screen are of Multiple Sieve Sizes to optimize filtration and water flow Captures everything from sediment, to foliage, to litter, to hydrocarbons...Everything! Heavy Duty Fiberglass Body Sates X 33-317® Curb Inlet Basket Quality Features Built To Last! The Curb Inlet Basket is made from the highest quality materials and can have a life expectancy spanning many decades. It is not made up of mostly disposable geofabric that can be rolled up and put into your pocket. The materials that are used to make the Curb Inlet Basket are stainless steel, fiberglass, and aluminum: the exact materials that have set the standards for the marine industry for over half a century. 316 stainless steel welded screens for strength and durability. Unlike screens made from plastic, which last only a couple of years at best, 316 stainless steel screen will last indefinitely. Because every strand of wire making up the screen is welded to another at every point that will cross the strength of each strand is increased due to the support of adjacent strands, and there is no possibility for the strands to shift or unravel. Body made from high quality fiberglass with gelcoated surfaces & UV filter. Constructed from the same materials used to make the hulls of fine boats, the fiberglass body will have an indefinite life span. Complete with UV filter, it's strength is unaffected by long term exposure to both the sunlight and water. The upper coarse containment screens helps to prevent floatables like litter and foliage from escaping during heavy flows. Years of real world testing have proven that using screens of more than one sieve size optimizes filtration and water flow. The water flow into an inlet is often very turbulent and heavy. Floatables like litter and foliage have a tendency to churn with the turbulence. The upper coarse containment screen will allow greater water flow without letting the floatables escape over the top of the basket. The Curb Inlet Basket is good long term investment that will not have to be replaced on a regular basis. P 0 Box 869, Oceanside CA 92049 (760) 433-7640 Fax (760) 433-3176 www.bicdeanenvironmentai.net Curb Inlet Filter Sizing Calculations The curb inlet filter being utilized for this project is the "California Curb Shelf Basket Water Cleansing System" by Suntree Technologies. Standard Specifications for the inlet filters are included in Attachment 11. The manufacturer's specifications indicate that each 3' basket is capable of treating 10.6 cfs. All of the curb inlets throughout the site have flows less than 10.6 cfs with the exception of a few listed below. Therefore, all curb inlet filters will adequately handle 100-year flows. Alander Ct. @ 10+50.00: Q = 14.49 cfs. This inlet will require two baskets Arapaho PI. @ 17+31.20: Q = 12.42 cfs. This inlet will require two baskets 15 011014-SWMP 3rd submit.doc ATTACHMENT 12