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Home My WebLink AboutCT 07-12; Bressi Industrial Lots 17 & 18; Storm Water Quality; 2007-12-18RECEIVED DFC ? 8 2007 STORM WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN BRESSI INDUSTRIAL LOTS 17 & 18 CITY OF CARLSBAD, CA NOVEMBER 2007 CARLSBAD TRACT NO: CT 07-12 PUP 07-07 Prepared For: BRESSI OCEAN COLLECTION, LLC 936 East Santa Ana Blvd Santa Ana, CA 92701 on Prepared By: PROJECT DESIGN CONSULTANTS Planning I Landscape Architecture I Engineering I Survey Job No. 3370.00 701 B Street, Suite 800 San Diego, CA 92101 619.235.6471 Te! 619.234.0349 Fax Prepared by: C.D.Szczublewski Updated by: S. Balsky & C.D.Szczublewski Under the supervision of Debby SueHeece, PE RCE 56148 Registration Expires 12/31/08 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2 3. POLLUTANTS AND CONDITIONS OF CONCERN 3 Anticipated and Potential Pollutants from the Project Area 3 Pollutants of Concern in Receiving Waters 3 Beneficial Uses 4 Impaired Water Bodies 5 Watershed Pollutants of Concern 6 Conditions of Concern 6 4. STORM WATER BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES 9 Site Design BMPs 9 Source Control BMPs 10 Project-Specific BMPs 11 Structural Treatment BMPs 11 Selected Treatment BMPs 12 BMP Plan Assumptions 14 5. PROJECT BMP PLAN IMPLEMENTATION 15 Construction BMPs 15 Recommended Post-Construction BMP Plan 15 Operation and Maintenance Plans 16 6. PROJECT BMP COSTS AND FUNDING SOURCES 17 TABLES Table 1. Anticipated and Potential Pollutants Generated by Land Use Type 3 Table 2. Beneficial Uses for Inland Surface Waters 4 Table 3. Beneficial Uses for Groundwater 4 Table 4. Structural Treatment Control BMP Selection Matrix 12 Table 5. BMP Design Criteria 14 Table 6. Post-Construction BMP Summary 16 Table 7. BMP Costs 17 APPENDICES 1. Storm Water Requirements Applicability Checklist 2. Project Maps 3. Drainage Calculations and Information 4. Discussion of Feasible Treatment BMP Options 5. Supplemental BMP Information 6. References lU 1. INTRODUCTION As part of the Final Engineering submittal, this Storm Water Management Plan (SWMP) was prepared to define project Best Management Practice (BMP) practices that satisfy the requhements identified in the following documents: • City of Carlsbad Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan, Storm Water Standards, • County of San Diego Watershed Protection, Storm Water Management and Discharge Control Ordinance (County Ordinance 9589), • Standard Specifications for Public Works Construction, • San Diego Regional NPDES Storm Water Permh (Order Number 2001-01, NPDES Number CAS0108758), and • NPDES General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Construction Activity Water Quality Order 99-08-DWQ. Specifically, this report includes the following: • Project description and location with respect to the Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Region (Basin Plan); • BMP design criteria and water quality treatment calculations; • Selected BMPs for the project; • BMP device information for the selected BMPs; and • Operation, maintenance, and funding for the selected BMPs. P:\3370\ENGRVREPORTS\WQTR\3370Lots 17-18\337OSWMP0701I5.doc - 1 - 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION This SWMP is provided for Bressi Industrial Lots 17 & 18. The overall Bressi Ranch Development is located in the City of Carlsbad (92009) and is bounded by: 1) Palomar Airport Road to the north, 2) Mehose Drive to the east, 3) El Camino Real to the west, and 4) Pomsettia Drive to the south. Within the Bressi Ranch Development, this project is one of 40 industrial lots, located south of Palomar Ahport Road. Lots 17 & 18 are on the northeast comer of Campbell Place and Gateway Road. The vicinity and site maps are available in Appendix 2. The total project site consists of 4.3 acres. The site plan shows five buildings spaced along the perimeter of the site with associated surface parking in the center. The project area currently consists of two mass graded lots per the Bressi Ranch Mass Grading project. The perimeters of the site have been stabilized for sediment control and temporary desilting basms have been constructed in the southwest comers of each lot. The storm drain backbone system, roadways, and common utility improvements have been completed. Lots 17 & 18 will comply with the City of Carlsbad Storm Water Standards by implementing appropriate site design, source control, and treatment BMPs. In developmg Lots 17 & 18, the BMPs identified m the Industrial Concept Water Quality Plan for Bressi Ranch, TM CT 00-06 (ProjectDesign Consultants, April 2002) are recommended for priority consideration. Since the proposed development of Lots 17 & 18 does not involve industrial activities, the project will not be required to comply with the Waste Discharge Requirements for Discharge of Storm Water Associated with Industrial Activities (Water Quality Order Number 97-03-DWQ, NPDES Nimiber CASOOOOOl). Lots 17 and 18 will be covered under the San Diego Regional NPDES Storm Water Permit (Order Number 2001-01, NPDES Number CAS0108758) and NPDES General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Construction Activity (Water Quality Order Number 99-08-DWQ). P:\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370 Lots 17-18\3370 SWMP 070115.doc -2- 3. POLLUTANTS AND CONDITIONS OF CONCERN Anticipated and Potential Pollutants from the Project Area Based on land use, potential pollutants from the site under existing conditions include sediment, nutrients, and trash and debris. Anticipated pollutants from the site under proposed conditions include sedhnent, nutrients, organic compounds, trash and debris, oil and grease, pesticides, oxygen demanding substances, and heavy metals. TABLE 1. ANTICIPATED AND POTENTIAL POLLUTANTS GENERATED BY LAND USE TYPE m General Pollutant Categories Project Categories Sediment Nutrients Heavy Metals Organic Compounds Trash & Debris Oxygen Demanding Substances Oil& Grease Bacteria & Viruses Pesticides Commercial Development P(l) P(l) P(2) X P(5) X P(3) P(5) Parking Lots P(l) P(l) X X P(l) X P(l) Notes for Table 1: X = Anticipated Pollutant P = Potential Pollutant (1) A potential pollutant if landscaping exists onsite. (2) A potential pollutant if the project includes uncovered parking areas. (3) A potential pollutant if land use involves food or animal waste products. (4) Including petroleum hydrocarbons (5) Including solvents Source: "Table 2. Anticipated and Potential Pollutants Generated by Land Use Type," City of Carlsbad, Public Works Department, Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan, Storm Water Standards, A Manual for Construction & Pennanent Storm Water Best Management Practices Requirements, April 2003, pg. 12 Pollutants of Concern in Receiving Waters The Bressi Industrial Lots 17 & 18 Project is located in the Carlsbad Watershed (Hydrologic Unit 904) and is tributary to San Marcos Creek. ^ The sections below provide the beneficial uses and identification of impafred water bodies within the project's hydrologic area. ^ Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basm, San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board P:\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370 Lots 17-I8\3370 SWMP070n5.doc -3 - Beneficial Uses The beneficial uses of the inland surface waters and the groundwater basins must not be threatened by the project. Tables 2 and 3 list the beneficial uses for the surface waters and groundwater within the project's hydrologic area. TABLE 2. BENEFICIAL USES FOR INLAND SURFACE WATERS Surface Water P AGR j n U COMM C — EST WILD RARE MAR < < 2£ O •J: WARM SI11.LL San Marcos Creek + E E E N N N E N N N N N E N TABLE 3. BENEFICIAL USES FOR GROUNDWATER Hydrologic Sub-Area MUN AGR IND Batiquitos, 904.51 + E E Source: Water Quality Control Plan for the San Diego Basin, San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board Notes for Tables 2 and 3: +: Exempt from use E: Existing beneficial use P: Potential beneficial use N: Not a beneficial use MUN - Municipal and Domestic Supply: Includes use of water for community, military, or individual water supply systems including, but not limited to, drinking water supply. AGR - Agricultural Supply: Includes use of water for farming, horticulture, or ranching including, but not Ihnited to, irrigation, stock watering, or support of vegetation for range grazing. RECl - Contact Recreation: Includes use of water for recreational activities involving body contact with water where ingestion of water is reasonably possible. These uses include, but are not limited to, swimming, wading, water-skiing, skin and SCUBA diving, surfing, white water activities, fishing, or use of natural hot springs. REC2 - Non-Contact Recreation: Includes use of water for recreation involving proximity to water, but not normally involving body contact with water where ingestion of water is reasonably possible. These uses include, but are not limited to, picnicking, sunbathing, hiking, camping, boating, tide pool and marine life study, hunting, sightseeing, or aesthetic enjoyment in conjunction with the above activities. COMM - Commercial and Sport Fishmg: Includes the uses of water for commercial or recreational collection of fish, shellfish, or other organisms including, but not limited to, uses involving organisms intended for human consumption or bait purposes. BIOL - Preservation of Biological Habitats of Special Significance: Includes uses of water that support designated areas or habitats, such as established refuges, parks, sanctuaries, ecological reserves, or Areas of Special Biological Significance (ASBS), where the preservation or enhancement of natural resources requu-es special protection. P:\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370 Lots 17-18\3370 SWMP 070115.doc -4- EST - Estuarine Habitat: Includes uses of water that support estuarine ecosystems mcluding, but not limited to, preservation or enhancement of estuarine habitats, vegetation, fish, shellfish, or wildlife (e.g., estuarine mammals, waterfowl, shorebirds). WILD - Wildlife Habitat: Includes uses of water that support terrestrial ecosystems including but not limited to, preservation and enhancement of terrestrial habitats, vegetation, wildlife, (e.g., mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, invertebrates), or wildlife and food sources. RARE - Rare, Threatened, or Endangered Species: Includes uses of water that support habitats necessary, at least in part, for the survival and successfiil maintenance of plant or animal species established under state or federal law as rare, threatened or endangered. MAR - Marine Habitat: Includes uses of water that support marine ecosystems including, but not limited to, preservation or enhancement of marine habitats, vegetation such as kelp, fish, shellfish, or wildlife (e.g., marine mammals, shorebirds). AQUA - Aquaculture: Includes the uses of water for aquaculture or mariculture operations including, but not limited to, propagation, cultivation, maintenance, or harvesting of aquatic plants and anunals for human consumption or bait purposes. MIGR - Migration of Aquatic Organisms: Includes uses of water that support habitats necessary for migration, acclimatization between fresh and salt water, or oflier temporary activities by aquatic organisms, such as anadromous fish. SPWN - Spawning, Reproduction, and/or Early Development: Includes uses of water that support high quality aquatic habitats suitable for reproduction and early development of fish. This use is applicable only for the protection of anadromous fish. WARM - Warm Freshwater Habitat: Includes uses of water that support warm water ecosystems including, but not limited to, preservation or enhancement of aquatic habitats, vegetation, fish or wildlife, including invertebrates. SHELL - Shellfish Harvestmg: Includes uses of water that support habitats suitable for the collection of filter-feeding shellfish (e.g., clams, oysters and mussels) for human consumption, commercial, or sport purposes. IND - Industrial Services Supply: Includes use of water for industrial activities that do not depend primarily on water quality including, but not limited to, mining, cooling water supply, hydraulic conveyance, gravel washing, fire protection, or oil well re-pressurization. Impaired Water Bodies Under Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act, states are requhed to develop a list of water quality limited segments. The waters on the list do not meet water quality standards, even after point sources of pollution have installed the mmimum required levels of pollution control technology. The law requires that these jurisdictions establish priority rankings for waters on the lists and develop action plans, called Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs), to improve water quality (40 CFR 130.7(b), 33 USC section 1313(b)). The list, known as the Proposed 2006 CWA Section 303(d) List of Water Quality Lknited Segments, was approved by the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) on October 25, 2006. The EPA issued a partial approval of the list on November 30, 2006. None of the water bodies under contention are in the San Diego region. P:\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370Lots I7-18\3370 SWMP 070I15.doc -5- The proposed project is not directly tributary to a 303(d) listed water body. The closest impaired water body is the Pacific Ocean Shoreline, San Marcos HA (904.51), which is 303(d) listed for bacteria indicators. The impairment is located at Moonlight State Beach and affects an estimated 0.5 miles; therefore the impairment is located over 9 miles downstream from the Bressi Ranch discharge point. In addition to the Section 303(d) list of impaired waters, the State of California also identifies waters of concern that may be included on the 303(d) list in the very near future. These waters have some indications that they are impaired, but there is currently insufficient data to meet the requirements for inclusion on the 303(d) list of impaired waters. This list is known as the Monitoring List (2002). The proposed project is not directly tributary to a Monitoring List (2002) water body. The closest Monitoring List (2002) water body is the Encinitas Creek, which is listed for Diazmon, eutrophic conditions, and Malathion. The San Marcos Creek and the Encinitas Creek enter Batiquitos Lagoon in the same area. Watershed Pollutants of Concern The proposed project is located within the Carlsbad Watershed. Water quality priorities are established each year based on the water quality assessment performed during the previous reportmg period. According to the most recent report from the Carlsbad Watershed Urban Runoff Management Program, the high priority pollutants of concern for the Watershed are bacteria and sediment, and the constituents of concern for the Watershed are Diazinon (pesticides), nutrients, total dissolved solids, copper, and trash. Taking into account the Watershed pollutants of concern, the proximity of the impaired water bodies, and the potential pollutants from the proposed development, the target pollutants are sedhnent, nutrients, pesticides, and heavy metals. Conditions of Concern A drainage study was conducted by a California Registered Civil Engineer (RCE) to identify the conditions of concern for this project. The drainage calculations are available in Appendix 3, as well as some additional excerpts regarding the master development's detention basin and backbone storm drain system. Following is the summary of findings from the study: P:\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370 Lots !7-18\3370 SWMP 070115.doc -6- m Drainage Patterns: Under existing conditions, most of the runoff from Lots 17 & 18 sheet flows to the southwest and into their respective desiltmg basms. Dirt swales along the southern perimeter channels the remainder of the runoff into the desihing basins. The desilting basins are equipped with riprap and an emergency spillway. The outlet structures (standpipes) connect directly to the backbone storm drain system of the Bressi Ranch Development. The backbone storm drain system empties into a detention basin, located on the west side of Alicante Road, about 750 feet south of Tovm Garden Road, in Open Space Lot 1 (OSl). A CDS unit treats runoff prior to entering the detention basin. The backbone storm drain system, CDS unit, and detention basin were sized to handle the ultimate build- out condition of the proposed development. The detention basin discharges to an unnamed creek and natural canyon in OSl, which eventually discharges into San Marcos Creek. San Marcos Creek empties into the Batiquitos Lagoon, which enters the Pacific Ocean at South Carlsbad State Beach. Under proposed conditions, storm water from the buildings will be discharged through downspouts, where it will enter perimeter swales or combine with sheet flow from the parking areas and enter the onsite storm drain system through grate inlets. Runoff will be treated by the perimeter swales and/or the Nutrient Separating Baffle Box. The onsite storm drain system will connect into the Bressi Master Development backbone storm drain system within El Fuerte Street, Alicante Road, Gateway Road, and El Camino Real. The project runoff discharges to the detention basin with CDS pretreatment located along Alicante Road south of Town Garden Road before entering the unnamed tributary to San Marcos Creek m OSl, as described above for the existing conditions. Soil Conditions and Imperviousness: The hydrological characteristics of the majority of the site soil type can be classified as being within soil group D, as defined in the Soil Conservation District of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Type D soils have a very slow infiltration rate when thoroughly wetted; they are chiefly clays that have a high shrink-swell potential, or soils that have a high permanent water table, or soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, or soils that are shallow over nearly impervious material. Under existing conditions, the project area mass graded and heavily compacted, reducing its P:\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370 Lots 17-I8\3370 SWMP 070115.doc -7- miperviousness to approximately 45% impervious with a runoff coefficient of 0.60. Under the proposed conditions, the project area land use type will be Industrial, which is generally about 90% impervious and the overall runoff coefficient is expected to be 0.85. Rainfall Runoff Characteristics: Under existing conditions, the project area generates a stormwater runoff peak flow rate of approximately 4.86 cfs (2-year storm) and 6.73 cfs (10- year storm). Under the proposed conditions, the site will generate a stormwater runoff peak flow rate of approximately 11.66 cfs (2-year storm) and 16.19 cfs (10-year storm). Downstream Conditions: There is no expected adverse impact on downstream conditions, as existing drainage patterns will be maintained. The detention basin will reduce the impact of the increase in storm water flow due to the development, and the design of the outfall pipes will protect against high velocity erosion. Water quality will be maintained throughout the development due to the implementation of site design, source control, and treatment BMPs. Based on Land Use Criteria Table 3-1 from the County of San Diego Hydrology Manual, June 2003 P:\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370Lots 17-18U370 SWMP 070115.doc -8- 4. STORM WATER BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES The City Storm Water Standards Manual (Section III.2) requires the implementation of applicable site design, source control, priority project requirements, and treatment control BMPs. Site Design BMPs The project addresses the site design BMPs requhed by the City Storm Water Standards (III.2.A) as follows: • Mamtain Pre-Development Rainfall Runoff Characteristics o Minimize impervious footprint - Sidewalks and parking lot aisles will be constructed to the mimmum widths possible, without compromising public safety, to allow for increased landscaped area. - GrassPave will be used along the nortiiem perimeter, south of the brow ditch. 0 Conserve natural areas - There are no natural areas to conserve on this project site. - Natural open space was protected at other locations within the Bressi Ranch Master Development. 0 Minimize directly connected impervious areas - To the maximum extent practicable, drainage from rooftops and impervious areas will be discharged into perimeter swales and landscaping prior to reaching the storm drain system. o Maximize canopy interception and water conservation consistent with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual - Native and drought-tolerant trees and large shrubs shall be planted instead of non-drought tolerant exotics. • Protect Slopes and Channels 0 All slopes will be stabilized using native or drought tolerant vegetation, consistent with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual. o Runoff will be conveyed safely away from the tops of slopes by perimeter swales. P:\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370 Lots 17-18\3370 SWMP 070115.doc -9- o Runoff from Lots 17 & 18 is discharged to the Alicante Road detention basm that drains into Open Space 1. The outfall from the detention basin is equipped with an energy dissipation device/riprap pad, in accordance with applicable standards and specifications, to minimize erosion and protect the unnamed creek and the natural canyon into which it drains. Source Control BMPs The project addresses the source control BMPs required by the City Storm Water Standards (III.2.B) as follows: • Design Trash Storage Areas to Reduce Pollution Introduction o The trash storage area will be paved with an impervious surface, designed not to allow run-on from adjoining areas, and screened or walled to prevent off-site transport of trash. Trash receptacles will be affixed vidth lids to prevent direct precipitation. Trash storage areas will be designed to drain into landscapmg, where possible. Debris will be picked up on a regular basis, spills will be cleaned up in a thnely maimer, and the areas will be inspected prior to rain events. • Provide Storm Water Conveyance System Stenciling and Signage o All storm water conveyance system inlets and catch basins within the project area will be labeled, stamped, or stenciled with prohibitive language (such as: "NO DUMPING - I LIVE DOWNSTREAM") and graphical icons to discourage illegal dumping, as approved by the City of Carlsbad and to the satisfaction of the City Engineer. • Use Efficient Irrigation Systems and Landscape Design 0 Rain shutoff devices will be employed to prevent irrigation during precipitation, consistent with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual. o Irrigation systems will be designed to each landscape area's specific water requirements, consistent with the Carlsbad Landscape Manual. o Flow reducers and shutoff valves triggered by pressure drop will be used to control water loss from broken sprinkler heads or lines. • Employ Integrated Pest Management Principles o The need for pesticide use will be reduced to the maximum extent practicable by including pest-resistant or well-adapted native plant varieties and by distributing Integrated Pest Management (IPM) education materials to future site tenants. P:\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370 Lots 17-18\3370 SWMP 070115.doc -10- o Only professional pest controllers will be used for the application of pesticides. Materials on how to control pests using non-toxic methods will be made available to maintenance personnel. I' • Additional Source Control BMPs o Storm Water Education - Information on Public Participation and Outreach Programs operated by the City of * Carlsbad and County of San Diego will be made available to tenants, as well as * educational materials on storm water issues and simple ways to prevent storm water pollution. Project-Specific BMPs The City Storm Water Standards Manual requires specific BMPs if the project includes private roads, residential driveways and guest parking, dock areas, maintenance bays, vehicle and equipment wash areas, outdoor processing areas, surface parking areas, non-retail fueling areas, or steep hillside landscaping. Bressi Ranch Industrial Lots 17 & 18 includes surface parking areas. The City Storm Water Standards Manual lists one option for surface parking areas: "Where landscaping is proposed in surface parking areas (both covered and uncovered), incorporate landscape areas into the drainage design." The site design for Lots 17 & 18 includes this option by incorporating grass swales with curb breaks around the perimeter of the parking area. In addition, regular sweeping of the parking area will greatly reduce the amount of pollutants (sediment, trash, oil and grease) entering storm drains and receiving waters.^ Structural Treatment BMPs The selection of structural treatment BMP options is determined by the target pollutants, removal efficiencies, expected flows, and space availability. Table 4 is a selection matrix for structural treatment BMPs based on target pollutants and removal efficiencies. Taking into accoimt the watershed pollutants of concern, the proximity of the impaired water bodies, and the potential pollutants from the proposed development, the target pollutants for this project in order of general priority are sediment, nutrients, pesticides, and heavy metals. Since source control BMPs will reduce the expected amount of pesticides in the stormwater runoff, the P:\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370Lots 17-1S\3370 SWMP 070115.doc -11- treatment BMP selection is based on the remaining target pollutants. Appendix 4 discusses in detail all of the treatment BMP options considered for the Project. TABLE 4. STRUCTURAL TREATMENT CONTROL BMP SELECTION MATRIX Pollutant of Concern Treatment Control BMP Categories Pollutant of Concern Biofilters Detention Basins Infiltration Basins Wet Ponds/ Wetiands Drainage Inserts Filtration Hydrodynamic Separators Sediment M H H H L H M Nutrients L M M M L M L Heavy Metals M M M H L H L Organic Compounds U U U U L M L Trash & Debris L H U u M H M Oxygen Demanding Substances L M M M L M L Bacteria U U H U L M L Oil& Grease M M U U L H L Pesticides U U U u L U L Notes for Table 4: L: Low removal efficiency /i\T I J- ^ L J 4. M: Medium removal efficiency (1) Includmg trenches and porous pavement ^ High removal efficienc (2) Also known as hydrodynamic devices and baffle boxes TT' TT i ^ i xa: - U: Unknown removal efficiency Source: "Table 4. Structural Treatment Control BMP Selection Matrix," City of Carlsbad, Public Works Department, Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan, Storm Water Standards, A Manual for Construction & Pennanent Storm Water Best Management Practices Requirements, April 2003, pg. 21 Ml Selected Treatment BMPs Given the site constramts and the effectiveness ratings in Table 4, the possible treatment BMPs for the pollutants of concern include biofilters, infiltration devices, filtration, and hydrodynamic separator systems. The Owner, Developer, and Project Team have selected biofiltration (-820 linear feet of grass swales) and a hydrodynamic separator (Bio Clean Nutrient Separating Baffle Box) as the primary treatment BMPs for Bressi Industrial Lots 17 & 18. Street Sweepmg and Vacuummg, CASQA, California Stormwater BMP Handbook, Construction, January 2003 P:\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370 Lots J7-18\3370 SWMP070n5.doc -12- an The following addresses the treatment BMPs for this project by area and pollutant source. Buildings Runoff from the rooftops is a source of potential pollutants from the buildings that is not adequately addressed by site design and source control BMPs. Whenever possible, this runoff will be collected by downspouts and discharged into perimeter swales at points allowing for the greatest time of concentration. The remainder will sheet flow across the parking area and into grate inlets. All runoff from the site, including discharge from the perimeter swales, will be treated by the Bio Clean Nutrient Separating Baffle Box before entering the Bressi Master Development backbone storm drain system. Site runoff will also be treated by the master development's CDS unit prior to entering the master development's detention basin. Surface Parking Areas Potential pollutants from airborne deposition, lack of infiltration, and the presence of vehicles are not adequately addressed by site design and source control BMPs. These sources are mitigated by grass swales located along the parking lot perimeter and the oil boom in the baffle box. Nine studies were conducted on grassy earthen chaimels designed for water quality between 1981 and 2002. The average removal efficiencies are as follows: BMP Type Total Suspended Solids Total Nitrogen Total Phosphorus Bacteria Nitrates (NO3) Metals Grass swales 89% 72.5% 43% -46% 42% 93-98% Using biofiltration to treat the parking lot runoff fulfills the individual priority project category requirement for surface parking areas. Site Runoff The onsite storm drain system is designed with a single connection to the Bressi Master Development backbone system. A Bio Clean Nutrient Separating Baffle Box at this location will be used as the primary treatment BMP for the site runoff. The Bio Clean Baffle Box treats the 100-year flow, while the CDS units for the master development only treat the "fu-st flush" prior to entering the detention basins. The detention basms are not water quality features; they are only designed to attenuate peak flows from the development. Grass swales will also mitigate some of the increase in P:\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370Lots I7-18\3370 SWMP 070115.doc -13- peak flow from Lots 17 & 18. Average removal efficiencies from three independent studies are Usted below for the Bio Clean Nutrient Separating Baffle Box. BMP Type Total Suspended Solids Total Nitrogen Total Phosphorus Bio Clean Nutrient Separating Baffle Box 81.9% 29.2% 60.4% BMP Plan Assumptions The foUowmg assumptions were made m calculating the required BMP sizes: • Only flows generated onsite will be treated. All offsite flow treatment will be the responsibility of the upstream owners. • A runoff coefficient of 'C'=0.85 was used in the runoff calculations for the project area. • BMP Design Constraints o Locate outside public right-of-way o Facilitate access for maintenance o Avoid utility conflicts Table 5 summarizes the criteria used in the design of the recommended project BMP. TABLE S. BMP DESIGN CRITERIA BMP Hydroluf^v BMP Option BMP Capacity Project Treatment Criteria •m C = runoff coefficient Vu = water quality treatment volume A = acreage For Parking Lot: Grass Swales lOOOft^ofbiofilter per acre of impervious area = C = 0.85 A= 1.8 acres Vu = 0.6 in* •m Volume-based: V = C*(Vu/12)*A 1800 ft^ V = 0.08 ac-ft. m. m <m m C = runoff coefficient I = water quality treatment intensity A = acreage Flow-based: Q=CIA For Entire Site: Bio Clean Nutrient Separating Baffle Box QNSBB = 30 cfs Qio = 16 cfs C = 0.85 I = 0.2 m/hour* A = 4.3 acres QwQ = 0.73 cfs * Based on San Diego Municipal Storm Water Permit (Order No. 2001-01) Section F. 1 .b.(2)(c) P:\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370Lots 17-I8\3370 SWMP070115.doc -14- II m lyw 5. PROJECT BMP PLAN IMPLEMENTATION This section identifies the recommended BMP options that meet the applicable storm water and water quality ordinance requirements. This includes incorporating BMPs to minimize and mitigate runoff contamination and volimie from the site. The plan was developed per the proposed roadway and lot layout/density associated with the site. Construction BMPs During construction, BMPs such as desilting basins, silt fences, sand bags, gravel bags, fiber rolls, and other erosion control measures may be employed consistent with the NPDES Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). The objectives of the SWPPP are to: • Identify all pollutant sources, including sources of sediment that may affect the water quality of storm water discharges associated with construction activity from the construction site; • Identify non-storm water discharges; • Identify, construct, implement in accordance with a time schedule, and maintain BMPs to reduce or eliminate pollutants in storm water discharges and authorized non-storm water discharges from the construction site during construction; and • Develop a mauitenance schedule for BMPs installed during construction designed to reduce or eliminate pollutants after construction is completed (post-construction BMPs). Recommended Post-Construction BMP Plan PDC has identified a water quality BMP plan for the Bressi Industrial Lots 17 & 18 Project. The following BMP plan is subject to change pending City review and implementation of future policy requirements. P:\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370 Lots I7-I8\3370 SWMP 070115.doc -15- The selected post-construction BMP plan includes site design, source control, and treatment BMPs. The site design BMPs include reduction of impervious surfaces, minimization of directly connected areas, and protection of slopes. The source control BMPs include inlet stenciling and signage, protected trash storage, efficient irrigation and water conservation, storm water education, and integrated pest management principles. The primary treatment BMPs are grass swales (biofiltration) and a Bio Clean Nutrient Separating Baffle Box (HDS). TABLE 6. POST-CONSTRUCTION BMP SUMMARY Pollutant Pollutant Sources Mitigation Measures Sediment and Nutrients Trash and Debris Landscaped areas, rooftops, general use, trash storage areas, parking/driveways Reduction of impervious surfaces, minimization of directly connected impervious areas, protection of slopes Inlet stenciling and signage, protected trash storage, efficient irrigation and water conservation, storm water education Grass swales. Bio Clean NSBB Pesticides Oxygen demanding substances Landscaped areas, general use Reduction of hnpervious surfaces, minimization of directly connected impervious areas, protection of slopes EfScient irrigation and water conservation, storm water education, integrated pest management principles Grass swales, Bio Clean NSBB Bacteria and Viruses General use, trash storage areas Protected trash storage, education of tenants Heavy metals Oil and grease Organic compounds Parking/driveways Reduction of impervious surfaces, minimization of dhectly connected impervious areas Inlet stenciling and signage, stormwater education Grass swales. Bio Clean NSBB Operation and Maintenance Plans The City Municipal Code requires a description of the long-term maintenance requirements of proposed BMPs and a description of the mechanism that will ensure ongoing long-term maintenance. Operation and maintenance plans for the selected post-construction BMP for this project are located in Appendix 5. The Project BMP costs and the maintenance funding sources are provided in the follovidng section. P:\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370Lots 17-1B\3370 SWMP070115,doc -16- 6. PROJECT BMP COSTS AND FUNDING SOURCES Table 7 below provides the anticipated capital and annual maintenance costs for the primary treatment control BMPs. TABLE 7. BMP COSTS BMP „ ^ , ^ Annroxmiatc Annual Estimated Capital Costs ' . , , ' Maintenance Costs Grass swale $0.75 per ft^ of grass swale $1350 for 1800 ft^ $350 per acre of grass swale Bio Clean Nutrient Separating Baffle Box (NSBB 5-10-84) $18,750^^* $700 (1) A proprietary BMP may vary in cost at the manufacturer's discretion; installation not included. (2) Annual maintenance costs are incorporated into the annual landscaping mamtenance costs. The Developer will incur the capital cost for the BMP installation. At this time, the responsible party for long-term maintenance and fundmg for Bressi Industrial Lots 17 & 18 is Urban + West + Strategies, 936 E. Santa Ana Boulevard, Santa Ana, CA, 92701. The contact person is Kimberly Hutchings, Vice President Development, (714) 567-9260, ext.202. A Business Ovmers' Association (BOA) will take responsibility for long-term maintenance and funding as soon as one is established. P;\3370\ENGR\REPORTS\WQTR\3370Lots 17-18\3370 SWMP 070115-doc - 17- APPENDIX 1 Storm Water Requirements Applicability Checklist •Ml 1«i APPENDIX A STORM WATER REQUIREMENTS APPLICABILITY CHECKLIST Complete Sections 1 and 2 of the following checi^list to determine your project's permanent and construction storm water best management practices requirements. This form must be completed and submitted with your permit application. Section 1. Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements: If any answers to Part A are answered "Yes," your project is subject to the "Priority Project Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements" and "Standard Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements" in Section III, "Permanent Storm Water Selection Procedure" in the Storm Water Standards manual. If all answers to Part A are "No," and any answers to Part B are "Yes," your project is only subject to the "Standard Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements." If every question in Part A and B is answered "No," your project is exempt from permanent storm water requirements. *art A: Determine Priority Project Permanent Storm Water BMP Requirements Does the project meet the definition of one or more of the priority project categories? * Yes No 1. Detached residential development of 10 or more units 2. Attached residential development of 10 or more units 3. Commercial development qreater than 100,000 square feet • 4. Automotive repair shop 5. Restaurant • 6. Steep hillside development qreater than 5,000 square feet 7. Project discharginq to receiving waters within Environmentally Sensitive Areas 8. Parking lot greater than or equal to 5,000 ft^ or with at least 15 parking spaces, and potentially exposed to urban runoff 9. Streets, roads, highways, and freeways that would create a new paved surface that is 5,000 square feet or qreater categories. Limited Exclusion: Trenching and resurfacing work associated with utility projects are not considered priority projects. Parking lots, buildings and other structures associated with utility projects are priority projects if one or more of the criteria in Part A is met. If all answers to Part A are "No", continue to Part B. Part B: Determine Standard Permanent Storm Water Requirements. Does the project propose: Yes No 1. New impervious areas, such as rooftops, roads, parking lots, driveways, paths and sidewalks? 2. New pervious landscape areas and irrigation systems? • 3. Permanent structures within 100 feet of any natural water body? 4. Trash storaae areas? 5. Liquid or solid material loading and unloading areas? 6. Vehicle or equipment fueling, washing, or maintenance areas? 7. Require a General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activities (Except construction)? * 8. Commercial or industrial waste handling or storage, excluding typical office or household waste? 9. Anv Grading or ground disturbance during construction? 10. Anv new storm drains, or alteration to existing storm drains? *To find out if your project is required to obtain an individual General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Industrial Activities, visit the State Water Resources Control Board web site at, http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/stormwtr/industrial.html Section 2. Construction Storm Water BMP Requirements: If the answer to question 1 of Part C is answered "Yes," your project is subject to Section IV, "Construction Storm Water BMP Performance Standards," and must prepare a Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). If the answer to question 1 is "No," but the answer to any of the remaining questions is "Yes," your project is subject to Section IV, "Construction Storm Water BMP Performance Standards," and must prepare a Water Pollution Control Plan (WPCP). If every question in Part C is answered "No," your project is exempt from any construction storm water BMP requirements. If any of the answers to the questions in Part C are "Yes," complete the construction site prioritization in Part D, below. Parte: Determine Construction Phase Storm Water Requirements. m Would the project meet any of these criteria during construction? Yes No 1. Is the project subject to California's statewide General NPDES Permit for Storm Water Discharqes Associated With Construction Activities? V m 2. Does the project propose qradinq or soil disturbance? 3. Would storm water or urban runoff have the potential to contact any portion of the construction area, including washing and staging areas? - 4. Would the project use any construction materials that could negatively affect water quality if discharged from the site (such as, paints, solvents, concrete, and stucco)? Part D: Determine Construction Site Priority In accordance with the Municipal Permit, each construction site with construction storm water BMP requirements must be designated with a priority: high, medium, or low. This prioritization must be completed with this fonn, noted on the plans, and included in the SWPPP or WPCP. Indicate the project's priority in one of the check boxes using the criteria below, existing and surrounding conditions of the project, the type of activities necessary to complete the construction, and any other extenuating circumstances that may pose a threat to water quality. The City reserves the right to adjust the priority of the projects both before and during construction. [Note: The construction priority does NOT change construction BMP requirements that apply to projects; all construction BMP requirements must be identified on a case-by-case basis. The construction priority does affect the frequency of inspections that will be conducted by the City staff. See Section IV.1 for more details on construction BMP requirements.] • A) High Priority 1) Projects where the site is 50 acres or more and grading will occur during the rainy season. 2) Projects 5 acres or more. 3) Projects 5 acres or more within or directly adjacent to or discharging directly to a coastal lagoon or other receiving water within an environmentally sensitive area. 4) Projects, active or inactive, adjacent or tributary to sensitive water bodies. B) Medium Priority 1) Capital Improvement Projects where grading occurs, however a Stonn Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) is not required under the State General Construction Permit (i.e., water and sewer replacement projects, intersection and street re-alignments, widening, comfort stations, etc.) 2) Permit projects in the public right-of-way where grading occurs, such as installation of sidewalk, substantial retaining walls, curb and gutter for an entire street frontage, etc., however SWPPPs are not required. 3) Permit projects on private property where grading permits are required, however, Notice Of Intents (NOIs) and SWPPPs are not required. • C) Low Priority 1) Capital projects where minimal to no grading occurs, such as signal light and loop installations, street light installations, etc. 2) Permit projects in the public right-of-way where minimal to no grading occurs, such as pedestrian ramps, driveway additions, small retaining walls, etc. 3) Permit projects on private property where grading permits are not required, such as small retaining walls, single- family homes, small tenant improvements, etc. APPENDIX 2 Project Maps I i i i i . I i I I t i I j I i I E 3 E ; o u: PROJECT SITE PALOMAR AIRPORT ROAD San Marcos Creeks APPENDIX 3 Excerpts from the Bressi Ranch Mass Grading & Backbone Improvements Drainage Report * & m Onsite Drainage Calculations m m DRAINAGE REPORT BRESSI RANCH MASS GRADING & BACKBONE IMPROVEMENTS CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA CT 00-06 Dwg 400-8A, 400-8C, 400-8D FEBRUARY 2003 VOLUME I Prepared for LENNAR COMMUNITIES do LENNAR BRESSI VENTURE, LLC 5780 Fleet Street, Suite 320 Carlsbad, CA 92008 m m jPrepared By: PROJECTDESIGN CONSULTANTS 701 'B' Street, Suite 800 San Diego, CA 92101 (619)235-6471 Job No. 2244.00 m Adolph Lifgo ' RCE 50998 Registration Expires 09/30/05 Fuerte Street stonn drain design and the storm flows calculated herein. Table 3. Comparison of El Fuerte Street Storm Drain Flows Street Name System Name per Exhibit 'C QIOO per El Fuerte Plan (CFS) QIOO per Current Hydrology (CFS) Gateway Court 2000 110 105.5 Gateway Road 3000 6.4 5.6 Gardenlane Way 4000 40 39.9 Greenhaven Road 5000 200 155 El Fuerte Street Station 42-t-50 6000 60 57.8 4.2.3 Detention Basin Hydrology The OS-1 Basin was designed to reduce peak flows from the westerly portion of the project such that the total combined lOO-year peak flows along the southwesterly project boundary do not exceed existing conditions. The existing condition flows are taken from the approved Bressi Ranch Tentative Map Drainage Report, dated 2002. Excerpts from this report are included in Appendix 1.1 for reference, and the existing conditions map from this report is provided as Exhibit 'A'. A detention basin will be provided for the easterly portion of Bressi Ranch at the southwest comer of El Fuerte Street and Poinsettia Lane within OS-5. The design and analysis of this basin is provided in the drainage report and grading plans (Dwg. No. 400-8F)for El Fuerte Street. Detention was not considered for the PAR Basin that is located in the northwest comer of the site. As mentioned in Section 2.1.2, there is an existing condition drainage area that drains across El Camino Real to the Encinas Creek drainage basin. The existing condition analysis for the PAR Basin is included in the PDC "Drainage Report for El Camino Real, Bressi Ranch (CT 00- 06), dated October 2002. Detention was not considered at this location since the storm drainpipe layout for proposed Pipe System 800 was conflgured to deliver approximately the existing condition lOO-year storm flow to the existing 36-inch RCP under El Camino Real. This was accomplished by diverting a portion of industrial Planning Area 3 in Pipe System 122 to the Alicante Road Pipe System 100. Note that the developed area from Planning Area 3 will be REPORT/1244DB.DOC 14 6.1 Storm Drainpipe Design Methodology The storm drainpipe was designed based on the ultimate condition storm flows. As discussed in Section 4.2.2 the hydraulic analysis assumes that drainpipes from the industrial lots will tie-into the backbone storm drain at the desilting basin outlet pipe locations shown on the mass grading storm drain improvement plans. The residential area drainpipes will tie-in at: 1) the stub-outs provided at the intersections of future residential streets, or 2) temporary connections to the backbone storm drainpipes. The drainpipe hydraulic analyses using ultimate condition storm flows was performed to provide HGLs: 1) that are maintained beneath the roadway or pads, 2) that minimize the use of water tight joints, and 3) provide an HGL at the PA connection points that will not adversely impact future storm drainpipe systems within the interior portions of the residential and industrial planning areas. 6.2 Temporary Desilting Basin Analysis The temporary desilting basins were designed based on the City of Carlsbad Standard Drawing DS-3, which provides basic basin geometry and a sediment capacity table. The required basin capacity was determined using the DS-3 capacity table based on the tributary acreage and slope. The following is a summary of the desilting basin design criteria and methodology: • The riser pipes were designed to pass the lOO-year mass graded condition flow with approximately 1 foot of head or less. • The outlet pipes were designed to pass the lOO-year ultimate condition flow, since these pipes may be used in the future for the onsite industrial area storm drainpipe systems. • The emergency spillways were designed to pass the lOO-year mass graded condition flow with 1 foot of head or less. • The basins were sized using the entire tributary area, including open space, which • provides a conservative estimate of sediment volume. REPORT/2244DR.DOC m m ditches and channels.' The following sections provide a brief description of the analytical procedures used in each model. 6.5 OS-1 Detention Basin Analysis As discussed in Section 4.2.3 the OS-1 Basin was designed to detain the ultimate condition 100- year storm event runoff back to a level that provides an existing condition mnoff value for the westerly project flows. The following criteria were used in the analysis and design: • The OS-1 Basin design inflow hydrograph was developed from the Rational Method Tc and peak mnoff identified at Node 125. The County hydrograph methodology shown in the draft County Hydrology Manual was used. • The basin was designed with 1) 24-inch and 30-inch RCP ouflet pipes, and 2) emergency spillway. The spillway was placed at an elevation equal to the 100-year stage depth. • The spillway was designed for the full lOO-year storm event in the event that the outflow pipes are plugged. A one-foot freeboard allowance was added to the spillway flow depth. • The basin storage volume was increased by 10 percent to account for reduction in storage volume due to sediment/vegetation; • Riprap protection will be placed along westerly bank of basin, at the toe of the spillway, and the outlet pipes. A D-41 structure will be constructed for the outlet pipes to reduce outflow velocities. • The riprap stilling basin at the spillway toe was designed to dissipate the lOO-year flow velocities at the toe of the spillway. The stilling basin was modeled using HEC- RAS. From a design perspective, the dual riser outlet pipes will not be constructed through the basin spillway. This implies that the spillway and outlet pipes will each discharge into separate energy dissipators. Specifically, the spillway discharges into a grouted riprap REPORT/224'lDR.DOC 20 m m -41 Stilling basin. While the ouflet pipes were designed to discharge into a D-41 structure. The stilling basin design approach was used due to the high spillway velocities that range between 20-32 fps. The spillway and stilling basin design and analysis is discussed in the next section. Additionally, see Section 6.8 for the description of the PONDPACK model used in the analysis of the OS-1 Basin. 6.5.1 Spillway and Stilling Basin Design The emergency spillway weir dimensions were calculated using the standard weir equation: Q= CLH^'^ where: Q= design discharge (cfs) L=: weir length (ft) H= head above the weir required to pass the design discharge (ft) The weir coefficient of 3.08 was used to model the basin broad-crested weir. Additionally, a maximum head (H) of 2.5 feet at the weir was used to pass the lOO-year undetained inflow storm discharge through the basin. This approach assumes that the basin outlet works are completely plugged. A stilling basin design was used at the.base of the spillway to: 1) protect the spillway from scour due to high spillway velocities, and" 2) protect the stilling basin and the existing channel from scour due to high discharge velocities. From a hydraulic standpoint, the stilling basin creates a hydraulic jump within the basin that reduces the flow velocities prior to entering the existing channel. The spillway and riprap stilling basin dimensions, flow depths, and velocities were determined using the Army Corps of Engineers (ACOE) HEC-RAS model. (See Section 6.9 for an explanation of the HEC- RAS Software). REP0RT/2244DR.DOC 21 The spillway Stilling basin riprap was sized using tractive force methodology. The method correlates maximum shear stress with the minimum median rock size required for scour protection. Additionally, the riprap basin will be grouted due to the high flow velocities and turbulence created by the hydraulic jump at the toe of the spillway. The outer perimeter of the OS-1 Basin will also be protected by riprap. This specifically includes riprap at the westeriy toe of the basin that is adjacent to the existing natural channel. The riprap design for the outlet pipes and basin side-slope was performed using the San Diego permissible velocity chart. 6.6 Explanation of AES Pipeflow Model The AES computational procedure is based on solving Bernoulli's equation for the total energy at each section; and Manning's formula for the friction loss between the sections in each computational reach. Confluences are analyzed using pressure and momentum theory. In addition, the program uses basic mathematical and hydraulic principles to calculate data such as cross sectional area, velocity, wetted perimeter, normal depth, critical depth, and pressure and momentum. Model input basically includes storm drainpipe facility geometry, inverts, lengths, confluence angles, and downstream/upstream boundary conditions, i.e., initial water surface elevations. The program has the capability of performing calculations for 8 hydraulic loss processes. These processes are assigned code numbers, which appear in the printed output. The code numbers and their meanings are as follows: CODE 0: ENTER Comment CODEl: FRICTION Losses CODE 2: MANHOLE Losses CODE 3: PIPE BEND Losses CODE 4: SUDDEN Pipe Enlargement CODES: JUNCTION Losses REPORT/22't40R.DOC 9 9 •m m m 8.1 Storm Drainpipe Analysis In general, the drainpipe systems have been designed as open channels for the lOO-year storm event. However, due to junction losses and required pipe grades, segments of the drainpipes are under pressure adjacent to cleanouts. Systems 100, 122, and 800 have significant portions under pressure due to grading constraints. As a result, watertight joints will be used at these locations. The storm drainpipe analysis included in this submittal includes only the mainline backbone storm drain system. See Exhibit F and Appendix 4 for AES node numbers and hydraulic analysis output, respectively. See Appendix 4 for a comparison of the AES Rational Method and AES Pipeflow node numbers. 8.2 Temporary Desilting Basin Analysis Results of the temporary desilting basin analysis are provided in Appendix 5. The results include the basin design flows, required sediment capacity, riser and outlet pipe design, and spillway calculations. A sample calculation is provided in Appendix 5 that documents the steps used in the design of the desilting basins and outlet/riser pipes. 8.3 Curb Inlet Analysis The City of Carlsbad inlet design formula was used in the design of inlets on grade. For inlets in sump, a maximum of 2 CFS per lineal foot is used for design purposes. Results of the analyses are located in Appendix 6. 8.4 Ditch, Swale, Rip-Rap, and D-41 Analysis The results of the ditch, swale, riprap and D-41 analyses are provided in Appendix 7. 8.5 OS-1 Detention Basin Analysis The results of the Detention Basin Analysis are included in Appendix 8. Appendix 8.1 includes REPORT/2244DR.DOC 26 m m the Pondpack detention routing calculations to determine basin outflow and maximum lOO-year ponding depth. Appendix 8.2 includes a Pondpack weir analysis of the spillway weir. Appendix 8.3 includes a HEC-RAS analysis of the spillway outlet. Appendix 8.4 includes normal depth calculations to determine the water surface elevation and velocity impact of the increased flow downstream of the detention basin. The velocity used to size the OS-1 Basin westeriy riprap slope protection was acquired by using a normal depth velocity calculation at a cross-section taken through the existing channel. Table 5 provides the OS-1 Basin analysis summary, and shows that the detention basin design meets the design objectives listed in Sections 4.2.3, and 6.5. Specifically the PDC ultimate conditions peak runoff of 462 cfs is detained back to 120 cfs, which combined with the remaining Bressi Ranch runoff, provides a total runoff of 303 cfs downstream of the basin, which is 9 cfs below existing conditions. Note that the OS-1 Basin does not meet the requirements for state dam classification since the storage volume is less than 15 acre-feet. Table 5: OS-1 Basin Analysis Summary PDC QIOO Inflow/ Outlfow (cfs) Maximum Water Surface Elevation (feet) Spillway Elevation (feet) Bottom/Top of Basin Elevation (feet) Storage Volume at Top of Basin Emergency Spillway Weir Length (ft) Outlet Pipe Configuration 463/120 202.9 203.0 180.0/206.5 15500 CY (9.6 ac-ft) 35 Single 24" and Single 30' RCP Outlet Pipes @ 1% minimum slope 8.6 OS-1 Stilling Basin Design The ACOE HEC-RAS model was used in the design and analysis of the OS-1 Basin emergency spillway and riprap stilling basm. The HEC-RAS calculations show that a hydraulic jump, which is created by the basin, decreases the discharge velocity into the existing channel. Additionally, the model approximately locates the jump location and length. REPORT/2244DR.DOC 27 m m m Bressi Industrial Lots 17 <& 18 WQTR Drainage Sheet flow and the rational method were used to determine the conservative, preliminary site runoff flow rates. The precipitation (P) was taken from the County Rainfall Isopluvials, mcluded in Appendix 3. The duration (D)/time of concentration (Tc) calculation was taken from the Rational Formula - Overland Time of Flow Nomograph in the County Hydrology Manual (Fig.3-3). The intensity (I) calculation was taken from the Intensity - Duration - Design Chart, Fig.3-1 in the County Hydrology Manual. Elevation: 0-1500 ft Factor: 1.00 Existing Drainage Calculations 2-Year Storm: P = 1.34 D = Tc = [1.8(1.l-C)V(TD)]/ Ns = [1.8(1.1-0.6)^528]/ N3.8 = 13.25 min TD = travel distance = 528.0 ft (from northeast comer of Lot 18 to southwest comer of Lot 17) S = slope = [(338 ft - 318 ft)/TD]100 = 3.8% C = 0.60 I = 7.44PD"°-^^ = 7.44(1.34)(13.25)'*^'^^^ = 1.88 in/hr A = 4.3 acres Q = CL\ = 0.6 X 1.88 X 4.3 = 4.86 cfs lO-vear Storm: P = 1.86 D = Tc = [1.8(1.l-C)V(TD)]/ Ns = [1.8(1.1-0.6)^528]/ N3.8 = 13.25 min TD = travel distance = 528.0 ft S = slope = [(338 ft - 318 ft)/TD]100 = 3.8% C = 0.60 I = 7.44PD"°-^^ = 7.44(1.86)(13.25)"''-^^^ = 2.61 in/hr A = 4.3 acres Q = CIA = 0.6 X 2.61 X 4.3 = 6.73 cfs m M •m m Bressi Industrial Lots 17 & 18 WQTR Drainage Proposed Drainage Calculations 2-vear Storm: P = 1.34 D = Tc = [1.8(1.l-C)V(TD)]/ NS = [1.8(1.1-0.85)^/240]/ Nl.7 = 5.84 min TD = travel distance = 240.0 ft (from northeast comer of parking lot below Building B, south on drive aisle to low point, west on drive aisle to low point, south on drive aisle to inlet) S = slope = [(324.5 ft - 320.36 ft)/TD] 100 = 1.7% C = 0.85 I = 7.44PD'°'^^ = 7.44(1.34)(5.84)'**'^^^ = 3.19 in/hr A = 4.3 acres Q = CIA = 0.85 X 3.19 X 4.3 = 11.66 cfs 10-vear Storm: P = 1.86 D = Tc = [1.8(1.l-C)V(TD)]/ = [1.8(1.1-0.85)^240]/ Nl.7 = 5.84 min TD = travel distance = 240.0 ft S = slope = [(324.5 ft - 320.36 ft)/TD]100 = 1.7% C = 0.85 I = 7.44PD'°'^^ = 7.44(1.86)(5.84)''^-^^^ = 4.43 in/hr A = 4.3 acres Q = CIA = 0.85 X 4.43 x 4.3 = 16.19 cfs m County of San Diego Hydrology Manual Rainfall Isopluvials 2 Year Rainfall Event - 6 Hours Isopluvial (inches) DPW GIS GIS \X'c Have San Diqju Oivcrcd! THIS MW IS PROVBm WfTHOUT WARRAWTY OF ANT KNO. ETTHER EJtpRES OR M^EO. INCLUDING, BUT NOT UI*TB1 TO. THE IMPLIED HARfWmES OF MERCHANTABBJTY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. Copyngm SwiGIS. H\ Rights Rcurved. This products may contain Information from th* SANOAG Ragionat P Montnlton System whicri cannot tw rcpmducsd wttTxiut ITH «Iia«n parmiHion o) SANOAG. T>iis produ^ rriay contain inlormat^on vvtHcfi hai been roproducarJ Mth pvmrsHin jrantsd t^ Tlwrms Snjth^ Ma(B. 3 Miles -O CO • 9—. o : -to- CD" -O- 00 lO "t- 33-30^ County ..? ...i\..^..X^J.. 4. M_.J\j. ^..^61/. 32'30* 33"30' County of San Diego Hydrology Manual Rainfall Isopluvials 2 Year Ramfall Event - 24 Hours Isopluvial (inches) DPW ^GIS GIS Wc Havt San I^i^pi Oivcrcdl THIS MAP IS PROVKJED WrTHOUT WARRANTY OF ANT lOND. EITHER EXP1 OR IMPUH}. INCLUDING. BUT MOT UMTTEO TO. THE IMPLIED WARRAKTIE OF MERCHANTABIUTY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Copyright SanGlS. All Rights RMonwI. Thit products may contain Infgnnaeon from lha SAfOAG Regknal -p InrormatlonSyMmwHch carnal barBproducodwit^ '-' HrtttenparmlBaionrfSANDAG, Thia product may contain Mbrmation wtiicli has baan nproducsd wHh parmiBian granlid by Thomas Bnittwa Maps. 3 Miles I I I I I III kill I i 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 60 1 Minutes Duration Directions for Application: (1) From precipitation maps detemiine 6 hr and 24 hramounts fertile selected frequency. Ttiese maps are included in tiie County Hydrdogy Manual (10,50, and 100 yr maps included In the Design and Procedure Manual). (2) Adjust 6 hr predpltalion (if necessary) so tliat It is witliin the range of 45% to 65% of tiie 24 hr precipitation (not applicaple to Desert). (3) Plot 6 hr precipitation on the right side of Ihe chart. (4) Draw a Ime through the point parallel to the plotted lines. (5) This line is the intensity-duration curve for the location being analyzed. Application Form: (a) Selected frequency year (b) Pfi = in,. Po4 = 2:^.^ = j(Q^6'a<2) "6^ I - >^-> ••• .r-24 (c) Adjusted PQ^^) = \ in. 24 (d)tx = <e) I = . mm. in./hr. Note: This chart replaces the Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves used since 1965, P6__ 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 S 5.5 6 Duration 1 11^ "n 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 S 2.63 3.95 5.27 6.59 7.90 9.22110.54 11.66 13.17 14.49 15.81 7 2.12 3.18 4.24 i 5.30 6^6j 7^1278.48^ 9.54 10.60 11.66 12.72 10 1.68_i2.53 3.37 4.21 5.05 5.90 i 6.74 7.58" 8.42 9.27 iaii "15 1.30 |i.S5 2.59 3.24 3.8914.54 5.19 5.84 6.49 7.13 7.78 20 1.08 1.62 2.15 2.69 3.23 3.77 4.31 4.85 5.39 5.93 6.46 25 0.93 1.40 1.87 2.33! 2.80 3.27j 3.73 4.20 4.67 5.13 5.60 30 0.83 1.24 1.66 2.07! 2.49 2.90 3.32 3.73 4.15 4756 4.98" 40 a69 "Ids 1.i33 1.7212.0712.41 2.76 3.10 3.45 3.79 4.13 50 0.60 0.90 1.19"" 1.49 1.7912.09! 2.39 ^69" 2.98 3.28~ 3.58 60 0.S3 0.80 1.06 1.33 1.59 1.86 2.12 ^39 2.65 2.92 3-18 90 0.41 0.61 b;82 V02 1.23 1,43 1.63 1.84 2:04 "2.2s" "2.45" 120 0.34 0.51 0.68 0.85! 1.02 1.19 1.36 1.53 1.70 1.87 2.04 ISO "0.29 0.44 6.59 0.73 0.88 1.03 1.18 1.32 1.47 1.62 1.76 180 0.26 0.39 0.52 0.65 10.78 0.91 1.04 1.18 "i.3r 1.44 1.57 240 0.22 0.33 0.43 0.54 0.65 0.76 0.87 0.98 1.08 1.19 1.30 3O0 0.19 0.28 0.36 0.47 0.56 0.66 0.75 0.65 0.94 1.03 1.13 360 0.17 ois 0.33 0.42 i 0.50 0.58 0.67 0.75 0.84 0.92 1,60" FIGURE Intensity-Duration Design Chart-Template -o-•o- to Courity 2 :/ri^7 L. t32°30' -33f30^ o o .U5 CO $2f30' o-to ...... CO County of San Diego Hydrology Manual Rainfall Isopluvials 10 Year Ramfall Event - 6 Hours Isopluvial Onches) DPW GIS iSGIS We Hiivc San l^iij^o C^xivtrcdl N mis MAP IS PROVI060 WTTHOUT WARfWNTY OF ANY KIND, CrTHER EXF OR IWUED, IWIUDBJG. 81/T NOT UMITED TO. THE IMPUSJ WARRAJJTli OF MEIWHAhnABILfTY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTtClAAR PURPOSE. Copyrtght San&i. AH Rights RcurwL TNj products may contain InfurmMtcn frwn lha SANDAO Regional "C MonnatlonSystmirfiMicwvwIMnpinlucBdnin^ '-' wrtltwi pnrnisslcn o( SANDAQ. Thii iirMuet may eontdn Intermlkin mtiich h*t baan raptoducai) with pwmisslgn grantsd by Thomu BraVwn Maps 3 Miles O to •M>"H-t-t-i- Gounty- yi' i Iff* • 1 T.'/- ! i County of San Diego Hydrology Manual Rainfall Isopluvials 10 Year Rainfall Event - 24 Hours Isopluvial (inches) DPW GIS GIS Wc Have San Dicgti Ojvcrcdl THIS MAP B PROVIDED WrTHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY WNO. BTWER EXP OR imjED, INCLUOWG. BUT NtTT UliWTHJ TO, THE MPUS} WARRANDE OF JffiRCHANTABIUTY AND FTTNESS FOR A PARTJCUIAR PURPOSE. Coptitght SanGIS. All Rlghti Resensd. Thli pnducti tnsy contain Mornitlon ttam ttw SANOAG Regkin^ tnfannalton Syittni H*ikA cannt be i«pio<hicBd wNhout ^ WIWHI pwnHuian of SANOAG. Tfua product may contain Infbrrnstbn nktilch hai bnn ivproduced M^th pamiisakin {^v4ed by Thomas SnoCtien Maps. 3 Miles k J k i • « k I k tf ft i k I k I k i Directions for Application: (1) From predpitation maps detemiine 6 hr and 24 hr amounts for tfie selected frequency. These maps are included in the County Hydrology Manual (10,50, and 100 yr maps included in ttie Design and Procedure Manual). <2) Adjust 6 hr precipitation (if necessary) so tiiat it is wittiin ttie range of 45% to 65% of the 24 hr precipitation {not applicaple to Desert). (3) Plot 6 hr precipitation on the right side of the chart. (4) Draw a line thnaugh the point parallel to the plotted lines. (5) This line is the intensity-duration curve for the location being analyzed. Application Form: (a) Selected frequency | 0 year (b) Pg = iSk in.. P24 = 2L2fe^ = _SL I (c) Adjusted PR*^' = ) .^tg in. 7 8 9 10 20 30 Minutes (e) I = . mm. in^hr. Note: This chart replaces the Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves used since 1965. Duration i i \ i 1 1 P6 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 r 6 Duration - .. 1 1 III 1 1 i 1 Mill S 2.63 13.95 5.27! 5.59 i 7-90 j 9.22 10.5'J 11.86 13.17 14.49115.81 11.66112.72 7 2.12 i3.18 4.24 5.30.6.36:7.42 8.48" 9.54 10.60 14.49115.81 11.66112.72 10 1.68 2.53 3.37' 4.2r"5.05T5.90"1 "7;58 8;42" 9r27TlO.It "15 1.30 1.95 2.59 3.24 f3.S914.54 5.19 5-84 ! 6.49 7.13 1 7.78 20 1.08 1.62 2.15 2.69; 3.2313.77 4.31 4.^ 5.39 5.93 i 6.46 25 0.93 1.40 1.87 2.33"^ 2JBb 13-27 3.73 4.2Q 4.67 5.13 ! 5.60 30 0.83 1.24 1.66 2'07 (2.49T2.9O 3.32" "3.73 4.15 4.56 i 4.98 40 0.69 1.03 1.38 1.72 2.07 2.41 2.76 3.IOT3.45 3.79 i 4.13 50 D.6D b.90~ 1.19 1>9'1.79'2.09 2.39 2.69 1 2.98 3.28 Ts^SS GO 'Q.53 0.60 '1.66 '1.3311.59"i 1.86 1.02M.23il.43 2.12 1 2.39 1 2.65 2.92 ^ 3.18 90 0.41 10.61 o;82 '1.3311.59"i 1.86 1.02M.23il.43 1.63 1.84 2.04 i 2.25 i 2.45 120 0.34 0.51 0.68 0.&5^1.0Z]1.19 1.53 1.70 1.87 1 2.04 150 0.29 0.44 0.59 0.73^0.8811.03 '1:1 a' 1.32 1.47 1.52 ' 1.76 180 0.26 0.39 0.52 0.65; 0.7810.911 1.04 1.18 1.31" 1.44 f 1.57 240 '0.22 0.33 0.43 0.54! 0.6510.76 0.87 0.98 1.08 1.19"! 1.30 300 0.19 0.28 0.3S 0.47:0.5610.661 0.75 0.85^ 0.94 1.03 1 1.13 360 0^17 6.25 6T33 0.421 aSOi 6.581 0.67 6.75 0.84 0.92 : i;oo FIGURE Intensity-Duration Design Cliart-Tempiate APPENDIX 4 •m Discussion of Feasible Treatment BMP Options m m The following is a discussion of feasible treatment BMP options. The owner and the design team have weighed the recommended BMP options from each category before selecting the primary treatment BMP system for the project, which can be found in Selected Treatment BMP in Section 4 of the main Storm Water Management Plan for the Bressi Industrial Lots 17 &18 Project. Detention Basins Detention basins (a.k.a. dry extended detention ponds, dry ponds, extended detention basins, detention ponds, extended detention ponds) are basins with controlled outlets designed to detain storm water runoff, allowing particles and associated pollutants to settle. Detention basins may be designed to include vegetation, allowing for further pollutant removal through infiltration and natural pollutant uptake by vegetation. Detention basins are among the most widely applicable storm water management practices. They should be used for drainage areas of at least 10 acres, and they can be used with almost all types of soils and geology. Detention basins are useful as flood control devices, but they can be designed for improving water quality also. Detention and retention can be accomplished using geotextiles or waterproof liners to wrap a structure. These subsurface storage devices (pipe galleries, Rainstore grid system, vaults, etc.) provide multiple uses in the same footprint. Subsurface storage can create an efficient storage space below parking or landscaped areas, designed to support heavy loads. Recommended Detention Basin Option Based on the size of the individual lots, detention basins are not a feasible option for placement within the project boundaries. Detention basins are already installed and in use by the Bressi Ranch Master Development. Infiltration Infiltration devices, such as infiltration trenches/basins and permeable pavement, rely on the filtering ability of soils or other materials to treat urban runoff discharges and reduce discharge amounts. Infiltration Basins and Trenches Infiltration basins and trenches are storm water control strucmres that provide both retention and treatment of storm water runoff The natural physical, biological, and chemical processes taking place m the infiltration basins and trenches remove pollutants including particulates, organic matter, metals, dissolved metals, and nutrients. Water is percolated through soils, where filtration and biological action remove pollutants. These systems require a mimmum soil infiltration rate of 0.5 * inches/hour and at least 4 feet between the bottom of the structure and seasonal ground water levels to work efficiently. Permeable Pavement ^ Permeable pavement, also called porous pavement, mitigates storm water runoff through infiltration. These infiltration systems use a combination of load-bearing, durable surfaces with » underlying layered structures to allow infiltration and treatment of storm water. Permeable ^ pavement can be used over soils with low infiltration rates and in areas with low traffic volumes, m making them highly appealing for urban redevelopment projects. There are several types of proprietary permeable pavements: * • UNI Eco-Stone: UNI Eco-Stone is a true interlocking concrete paver that is capable of supporting heavier vehicle loads than other permeable pavements and can be installed in m several different patterns. UNI Eco-Stone consists of conventional concrete unit pavers with the added feature of permeability. The notched design creates voids between the pavers and the void area is filled with a graded aggregate suitable for the filtration of the project. In some cases, the use of filter layers or geotextiles may be required. ^ • GravelPave: GravelPave is an interlocking structure that is designed to tolerate high frequency and low speed traffic. GravelPave is a ring and grid stmcture on a non-woven polyester fabric that is installed on the top-wearing course of roads, driveways, parking lots, and trails. The GravelPave mats are then filled with 3/16" minus sharp gravel of various colors, creating a filtrafion layer for stormwater runoff. • GrassPave: GrassPave is a porous paving system that provides load-bearing strength while protecting vegetation root systems from deadly compaction. High void spaces within the entire cross-section promote excellent root development while providing storage capacity and treatment for storm water runoff. GrassPave is a plastic sub-surface reinforcement •m http://www.uni-groupusa.org/uni-eco-.htm, brochures ^ http://www.invisiblestructures.com/GV2/gravelpave.htm, brochures m m m m structure that is produced and distributed in rolls, which makes it easier to cut and install than other grass paving products.^ • Geoblock: The Geoblock porous paving system is a series of interiocking, high-strength blocks made from recycled materials. The system provides load-bearing strength and the most demanding turf protection, allowing for vigorous growth of turf grass. Recommended Infiltration Option The soil type (D) in the area of the Bressi Industrial Lots 17 & 18 Project does not provide the requh-ed infiltration rate required for infiltration basins; therefore, they are not feasible for this project. Permeable pavement has good pollutant removal rates for heavy metals and sedimentation. Research has shown that the storm water pollutants are trapped in the first 4-8 inches in the UNI Eco-Stone system, which allows for easy removal of the pollutants by means of sweeping and other maintenance procedures. Studies show that the UNI Eco-Stone system reduces the concentrations of oils and greases, heavy metals, and bacteria in runoff. Several smdies show that UNI Eco-Stone outperforms other permeable pavement options. At this time, permeable pavement is not recognized as a treatment BMP, but it is recommended as a site design BMP with the following pollutant removal efficiencies; Pollutant Removal Rates for Permeable Pavement Lead Zinc Copper Cadmium Total Suspended Solids 50-98% 62-99% 42% 33% 95% SOURCE: Stormwater Magazine May/June 2003 Issue. Wet Ponds Wet ponds need sufficient drainage area to maintain the permanent pool. In humid regions, this is typically about 25 acres, but a greater area may be needed in regions with less rainfall. A wet pond is not an option for this project due to space constraints, drainage area requirements, and reports of vector problems associated with wet ponds. ^ http://www.invisiblestructures.com/GP2/grasspave.htm, brochures ^ http://www.sspco.org/geoblock.html ^ National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase n, US EPA •m Filtration Systems Filtration systems include biofilters, sand and organic filters, and proprietary devices. Biofilters Biofiltration includes grass swales, buffer strips, flow-through or infiltration planter boxes, and bioretention areas, providing effective treatment through filtration, biological uptake, and attenuation of storm water runoff^ • Grass swales: These linear filtration practices can be used on sites with slopes of less than 4 percent. They are well suited to treat roadway runoff and they aide in reducing runoff velocities. • Buffer strips: These vegetated surfaces are designed to treat sheet flow from adjacent areas. Like grass swales, buffer strips function by reducing runoff velocities to filter sediment and other pollutants and provide some infiltration into underlying soils. • Bow-through planter boxes'" or Filterra catch basins^^: These natural filtration areas are designed to allow runoff to filter through layers of topsoil (thus capturing pollutants) and then be collected in a perforated underdrain and discharged to the MS4. The planter is sized to accept runoff and temporarily store the water in a reservoir on top of the soil; water should drain through the planter within 3-4 hours after a storm event. • Bioretention areas: These landscape features are designed to provide treatment of storm water runoff These areas are typically shallow, landscaped depressions, located within small pockets of residential land uses. During storms, the runoff ponds above the mulch and soil of the bioretention system. The runoff filters through tiie mulch and soil mix, typically being collected in a perforated underdrain and returned to the MS4. An example of a low 12 impact development bioretention BMP is a rain garden. Sand and Organic Filters For sand and organic filtration systems, there are five basic storm water filter designs: • Surface sand filter: This is the original sand filter design with the filter bed and sediment chamber placed aboveground. The surface sand filter is designed as an offline system that receives only the smaller water quality events. ^ CASQA, California Stormwater BMP Handbook, New Development and Redevelopment ^° Stormwater Management Manual, September 2002 " Prince George's County, Maryland, Department of Environmental Resources, Programs and Planning Division Prince George's County, Maryland, Department of Environmental Resources, Programs and Planning Division -m at m m m • Underground filter: This is the original sand filter design with the filter bed and sediment chamber placed underground. It is an offline system that receives only the smaller water quality events. • Perimeter filter: This is the only filtering option that is an online system with an overflow chamber to accommodate large storm events.'^ • Organic media filter: This is a slight modification to the surface sand filter, with the sand medium replaced with or supplemented by an organic medium to enhance pollutant removal of many compounds. • Multi-Chamber Treatment Train: This is an underground system with three filtration chambers designed to achieve very high pollutant removal rates. Proprietary Devices Proprietary filtration devices include offline filtration systems, online filter units, and filtration based inlet inserts. Proprietary catch basin insert devices contain a filtering medium placed inside the stormwater system's catch basins. The insert can contain one or more treatment mechanisms, which include filtration, sedimentation, or gravitational absorption of oils. The water flows into the inlet, through the filter, where pollutants and contaminants are removed, and then into the drainage system. There are two primary designs for inlet inserts. One design uses fabric filter bags that are suspended in place by the grate or by retainer rods placed across the catch basin. The fabric filter design includes a skkt that directs the storm water flow to a pouch that may be equipped with oil-absorbing pillows. These inlet inserts are typically equipped with "Bypass Ports" to prevent flooding during large storm events. Maintenance on the fabric filter inserts includes periodic inspection and replacement of the entire insert when it becomes clogged with captured pollutants. The other design for inlet inserts uses stainless steel, High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), or other durable materials to form a basket or cage-like insert placed inside the catch basin. This basket contains the filter medium and absorbent materials that treat the storm water as it passes through. These inlet inserts are also equipped with bypass pathways to allow normal operation of the storm drain system during large storm events. Maintenance on the basket-type inlet inserts includes periodic inspection and removal and replacement of the filter medium and absorbent materials (not the entire inlet insert). EPA 832-F-99-007 M There are several types of proprietary inlet inserts for both design types'"^: m Fabric Filter Bag Design * • Stream Guard: Stream Guard works by initially capturing sediment and trash and debris, and « then combats dissolved oil, nutrients and metals through a filter media. • Ultra-Drainguard: Ultra-Drainguard works by initially capturing sediment and trash and * debris, and then combats dissolved oil. nutrients and metals through a filter media. The Ultra-Drainguard has an oil absorbent pillow that can be replaced separate from the filter ** during times of large free-oil runoff m Basket-type Inlet Inserts • AbTech Ultra-Urban Filter: The Ultra-Urban Filter is a cost-effective BMP for storm drains experiencing oil and grease pollution accompanied by sediment and debris. The oil bonds permanentiy to a SmartSponge, while sediment and debris are captured in an intemal basket. ^ • AquaGuard: AquaGuard works by initially capturing sediment and trash and debris, and m then combats dissolved oil, nutrients and metals through a filter media. AquaGuard ^ compares to others by being easy to handle, i.e. no special tiffing equipment for filter •m removal. « • Bio Clean: Bio Clean has designed an Inlet Skimmer Box to trap sediment, grass, leaves, * organic debris, floating trash, and hydrocarbons, utilizing hydrocarbon absorbing cellulose and a series of stainless steel filter screens. The boom traps large debris as well as absorbing *" oil and grease. A diffuser plate is used to minimize resuspension of trapped sediment. * Skimmer boxes come is a variety of shapes and sizes to fit all manner of curb inlets and * catch basins. Bio Clean also produces an inline Downspout Filter unit, which can adapt to 4",6",or8"pipes.'^ • FloGard: FloGard uses catch basin filtration, placing catch basin insert devices with a filter medium just under the grates of the stormwater system's catch basins. FloGard handles non- soluble soUds such as sediment, gravel, and hydrocarbons, which are all potential pollutants originating from the roof and parking lot. FloGard is available for standard catch basins and for roof downspouts. ^'^ http://www.epa.gov/regionl/assistance/ceitts/stormwater/techs http://www.biocleanenvironmental.net http://www.kristar.com Recommended Filtration Option Depending on the proposed site drainage patterns, biofiltration (grass swales) may be applicable to this project. Swales are natural BMP systems that can add to the value of the site. Studies have shown the effectiveness and efficiency of natural systems or "low-impact development" (LID) over "high-tech" systems. According to studies done in Maryland, LID treats over 90% of the total volume using less than 1% of the urban landscape. The following pollutant removal efficiencies can be expected from grassed swales: Grassed Swale Pollutant Removal Efficiency Data Removal Efficiencies (% Removal) Study TSS TP TN NO3 Metals Bacteria Type Caltrans 2002 77 8 67 66 83-90 -33 Dry swales Goldberg 1993 67.8 4.5 -31.4 42-62 -100 Grassed channel Seattle Metro and Washington Department of Ecology 1992 60 45 --25 2-16 -25 Grassed channel Seattle Metro and Washington Department of Ecology 1992 83 29 --25 46-73 -25 Grassed channel Wang et al., 1981 80 ---70-80 -Dry swale Dorman et al., 1989 98 18 -45 37-81 -Dry swale Harper. 1988 87 83 84 80 88-90 -Dry swale Kercher et al., 1983 99 99 99 99 99 -Dry swale Harper, 1988 81 17 40 52 37-69 -Wet swale Koon, 1995 67 39 -9 -35 to 6 -Wet swale SOURCE: CASQA Stormwater BMP Handbook for New Development and Redevelopment Surface sand and media filters as well as \hc multi-chamber treatment train have space requirements tiiat make them unappealing for this project site. In comparison, permeable pavement gives similar pollutant removal rates as the multi-chamber treatment train, while performing multiple uses on the project site (e.g., driveways, parking, sidewalks, etc.). The perimeter filter and many proprietary filtration designs are well suited for areas with limited land availabihty for structural controls. The perimeter sand filter includes a sediment chamber and a filter bed with flow typically entering the m system through grates at ground level. The pollutant removal efficiency data for sand filters are as foUows: Pollutant Removal Rates for Perimeter Sand Filter Systems Metals (iron, lead, zinc) Total Phospliorus Total Nitrogen Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 45% 33% 21% 46% Total Organic Carbon Biochemical Oxygen Demand Fecal Coliform Total Suspended SoUds 48% 70% 76% 70% -iH SOURCE: Gaili, 1990, EPA 832-F-99-007, Sept.1999 Sand filters have a high potential for clogging if proper maintenance is not conducted or if the system receives water with high amounts of sediment or trash and debris. Typical maintenance requkements for perimeter sand filter systems include monthly inspections and periodic removal of accumulated trash, paper, and debris and removal and replacement of the top layers of sand, gravel, and/or filter fabric. Perimeter sand filter systems may also requke periodic removal of vegetative growth. Therefore, sand filters have extremely high maintenance costs compared to proprietary filtration designs. Of the two types of proprietary filtration based inlet insert designs, experience within Southern California has shown the basket-type inlet inserts to be more reUable and less cumbersome for maintenance and proper operation.'^ Suntree Technologies, of Cape Canaveral, Florida commissioned Creech Engineering, Inc. and Universal Engineering to perform testing on a Grate Inlet Skimmer Box (GISB) to determine its pollutant removal effectiveness for sediment and grass clippings. The Public Works/Engineering Department of El Monte, California provided ABN Environmental Laboratories with four mnoff samples (one control and three test samples collected from Longo Toyota) to be tested for metals, oil and grease, and MBAS (soap). As indicated by the following test results, the filtration was effective in retaining the tested metals as well as the oil and grease and sediment. However, the device was unable to retain the MBAS (soap). Correspondence with the City of Dana Point, the City of Encinitas, and the City of Santa Monica Pollutant Removal Rates for Grate Inlet Skimmer Box m m •m M m m m Oil and Grease Total Phosphorus Total Nitrogen Total Suspended SoUds 90-99% 37% 24% 73% Chromium Aluminum Lead Copper 89% 98-99% 73-93% 93-97% Iron Nickel Zinc Soap 98-99% 57-86% 92-97% (-4)-(-62)% Based on the above analysis, the best type of filtration system for Bressi Industrial Lots 17 & 18 is biofiltration (grass swales). If biofiltration is not able to treat the required mnoff volume, proprietary filtration based inlet inserts, such as downspout filters or catch basin inlet mserts, may be used in conjunction with the swales. Hvdrodvnamic Separator Systems Hydrodynamic separator systems (HDS) or Continuous Flow Deflection Systems (CFDS) are flow- through structures with a settling or separation unit to remove sediments and other pollutants that are widely used in storm water treatment. No outside power source is required, because the energy of the flowing water allows the sediments to efficientiy separate. Depending on the type of unit, this separation may be by means of swirl action or indirect filtration. Hydrodynamic separator systems are most effective where the materials to be removed from mnoff are heavy particulates that can be settled or floatables that can be captured, rather than solids witii poor settleability or dissolved pollutants. For hydrodynamic separator systems, there are six major proprietary types'^: • BaySaver®: The BaySaver Stormwater Treatment System meets regulations for non-point source pollution control. The system operates using gravity flow and density differences to remove oils, fine suspended solids, and floatables (trash and other debris) from stormwater runoff • Bio Clean Nutrient Separating Baffle Box^^: The Bio Clean Baffle Box captures foHage, litter, sediment, phosphate; the whole flow is treated. Turbulence deflectors prevent captured http://www.epa.gov/regionl/assistance/ceitts/stormwater/techs m m m m sediment from re-suspending. Hydrocarbons collect in front of the skimmer and are absorbed by an oil boom. Nutrient rich vegetation and litter are captured in a filtration screen system held above the static water, allowing it to dry out between storms. This separation prevents nutrients from leaching into the static water and flushing out with the next storm, as well as preventing bacterial buildup. • Continuous Deflective Separation (CDS): CDS technology separates settieable particulate matter from stormwater mnoff, capturing almost 100 percent of the floatable material. A sorbent material can be added to remove unattached oil and grease. • Downstream Defender™: Downstream Defender traps sediment while intercepting oil and grease with a small head loss. • Stormceptor®: Stormceptor traps sediment while intercepting oil and grease. • Vortechs™: Vortechs combines baffle walls, circular grit chambers, flow control chambers, and an oil chamber, removing hydrocarbons, settieable solids, and floatables from the storm water runoff. Recommended Hydrodynamic Separator Option All of the abovementioned devices are designed specifically for sediment removal with the idea being that a majority of the pollutants of concern will attach themselves to the sediment. They all capmre oil and trash (floatables). All of the manufacturers provide design assistance and guarantees on their units. BaySaver, Bio Clean, Downstream Defender, and Vortechnics have the best removal efficiencies, based on third party testing. The BaySaver and the Bio Clean Baffle Box are the most economical. The CDS unit and Vortechs unit have the smallest footprints. The Bressi Ranch Master Development utihzes CDS units as the primary treatment BMPs, treating mnoff prior to entering detention basins. To supplement this treatment method, the Bio Clean Nutrient Separating Baffle Box is recommended as a CFDS unit for Lots 17 & 18. The Bio Clean unit can separate out trash and debris, which would cause problems downstream, and by allowing for additional sedimentation, the master development detention basins will have an increased lifespan. Feasible Treatment BMP(s) The best options for the Bressi Industrial Lots 17& 18 Project are biofiltration and HDS units. http://www.biocleanenvironmental.net/ APPENDIX 5 Supplemental BMP Information m m Operational & Maintenance Guidelines for Baffle Boxes The Bio Clean Nutrient Separating Baffle Box treating the storm water for Bressi Industrial Lots 17 & 18 will be located outside the pubhc right-of-way and will be constructed, maintained, and funded by the development's Business Owners' Association (BOA). The Operational and Maintenance Plan of the Baffle Box includes: • Inspection of its stmctural integrity and its biomass separating basket for damage. • Animal and vector control. • Periodic sediment removal to optimize performance. • Scheduled trash and debris removal to prevent obstmction. • Preventive maintenance of BMP equipment and structures. • Erosion and structural maintenance to maintain the performance of the Baffle Box. Inspection Frequency The device will be inspected and inspection visits wiU be completely documented: • Once a month at a minimum. • After every large storm (after every storm monitored or those storms with more than 0.50 inch of precipitation.) • On a weekly basis during extended periods of wet weather. Aesthetic and Functional Maintenance Aesthetic maintenance is knportant for pubhc acceptance of storm water facilities. Functional maintenance is important for performance and safety reasons. Both forms of maintenance are combined into an overall Storm Water Management System Maintenance Program. The following activities are included in the aesthetic maintenance program: • Graffiti Removal: Graffiti will be removed in a timely manner to upkeep the appearance of the Baffle Box and discourage additional graffiti or other acts of vandalism. Functional maintenance has two components: preventive maintenance and corrective maintenance. Preventive maintenance activities to be instituted at the Baffle Box are: • Trash and debris removal. Trash and debris accumulation, as part of the operation and maintenance program at the Baffle Box, will be monitor once a month and after every large storm event. Trash and debris will be removed from the Baffle Box annually (at end of wet season), or when material is at 85% of the biomass basket capacity (-25 inches deep), whichever occurs first. • Sediment removal. Sediment accumulation, as part of the operation and maintenance program at the Baffle Box, will be monitored once a month and after every large storm (0.50 inch). Sediment will be removed from the Baffle Box annually (at end of wet season), or when material is at 85% of the Baffle Box's sump capacity (-30 inches deep), whichever occurs first. Characterization and disposal of sediment will comply with applicable local, county, state or federal requirements. • Mechanical components. Regularly scheduled maintenance will be performed on fences, gates, and locks. Mechanical components will be operated during each maintenance inspection to assure continued performance. • Elimination of mosquito breeding habitats. The most effective mosquito control program is one that eliminates potential breeding habitats; therefore, keep hatches closed when not inspecting or servicing. Corrective maintenance is required on an emergency or non-routine basis to conect problems and to restore the intended operation and safe function of the Baffle Box. Corrective maintenance activities include: • Removal of debris and sediment. Sediment, debris, and trash, which impede the hydraulic functioning of the Baffle Box will be removed and properiy disposed. Temporary arrangements wiU be made for handling the sediments until a permanent arrangement is made. • Stmctural repairs. Once deemed necessary, repairs to stmcmral components of the Baffle Box and its inlet and outlet stmctures wiU be done witiiin 30 working days. Qualified m individuals (i.e., the manufacturer's representatives) wiU conduct repairs where stmcmral damage has occurred. • Erosion repair. Where factors have created erosive conditions (i.e., pedestrian traffic, concentrated flow, etc.), corrective steps will be taken to prevent loss of soil and any subsequent danger to the performance of the Baffle Box. There are a number of corrective actions than can be taken. These include erosion control blankets, riprap, or reduced flow through the area. Designers or contractors will be consulted to address erosion problems if the solution is not evident. • Elimination of animal burtows. Animal burrows will be flUed and steps taken to remove the animals if burrowing problems continue to occur (filling and compacting). If the problem persists, vector control specialists will be consulted regarding removal steps. This consulting is necessary as the threat of rabies in some areas may necessitate the animals being destroyed rather than relocated. If the BMP performance is affected, abatement will begin. Otherwise, abatement wiU be performed annually in September. • General facility maintenance. In addition to the above elements of corrective maintenance, general corrective maintenance will address the overall facility and its associated components. If corrective maintenance is being done to one component, other components will be inspected to see if maintenance is needed. Debris and Sediment Disposal Waste generated at the Baffle Box is ultimately the responsibility of the BOA for Bressi Industrial Lots 17 & 18. Disposal of sediment, debris, and trash will comply with apphcable local, county, state, and federal waste control programs. Hazardous Waste Suspected hazardous wastes will be analyzed to determine disposal options. Hazardous wastes generated onsite will be handled and disposed of according to applicable local, state, and federal regulations. A solid or liquid waste is considered a hazardous waste if it exceeds the criteria Ust in the CCR, Titie 22, Article 11. •m m m m Operational & Maintenance Guidelines for Vegetated Swale The operational and maintenance needs of a Swale are: • Vegetation management to maintain adequate hydraulic functioning and to limit habitat for disease-carrying animals. • Animal and vector control. • Periodic sediment removal to optimize performance. • Trash, debris, grass trimmings, tree pmning, and leaf collection and removal to prevent obstmction of a Swale. • Removal of standing water, which may contribute to die development of aquatic plant communities or mosquito breeding areas. • Erosion and structural maintenance to prevent the loss of soil and maintain the performance of the Swale. Inspection Frequency The facility will be inspected and inspection visits will be completely documented: • Once a month at a minimum. • After every large storm (after every storm monitored or those storms with more than 0.50 inch of precipitation.) • On a weekly basis during extended periods of wet weather. Aesthetic and Functional Maintenance Aesthetic maintenance is important for public acceptance of stormwater facilities. Functional maintenance is important for performance and safety reasons. Both forms of maintenance will be combined into an overall Stormwater Management System Maintenance. Aesthetic Maintenance The following activities will be included in the aesthetic maintenance program: Grass Trimming. Trimming of grass wiU be done on the swales, around fences, at the inlet and outlet structures, and sampling structures. Weed Control. Weeds will be removed through mechanical means. Herbicide will not be used because these chemicals may impact water quality. Functional Maintenance Functional maintenance has two components: preventive maintenance and corrective maintenance. « Preventive Maintenance ^ Preventive maintenance activities to be instituted at a Swale are: m • Trash and Debris. During each inspection and maintenance visit to the site, debris and trash removal will be conducted to reduce the potential for inlet and outlet stmctures and other components from becoming clogged and inoperable during m Storm events. « • Sediment Removal. Sediment accumulation, as part of the operation and maintenance program at a Swale, will be monitored once a month during the dry season, after every large storm (0.50 inch), and monthly during the wet season. m Specifically, if sediment reaches a level at or near plant height, or could interfere ^ with flow or operation, the sediment will be removed. If accumulation of debris or sediment is determined to be the cause of decline in design performance. m prompt action (i.e., within ten working days) will be taken to restore the Swale to design performance standards. Actions will include using additional fill and vegetation and/or removing accumulated sediment to correct channeling or ponding. Characterization and Appropriate disposal of sediment will comply with applicable local, county, state, or federal requirements. The swale will be regraded, if the flow gradient has changed, and then replanted with sod. Removal of Standing Water. Standing water must be removed if it contributes to the development of aquatic plant communities or mosquito breeding areas. Fertilization and Irrigation. Where appropriate, fertilizers and irrigation will be used to maintain the vegetation. Elimination of Mosquito Breeding Habitats. The most effective mosquito control program is one that eUminates potential breeding habitats. Corrective Maintenance Corrective maintenance is required on an emergency or non-routine basis to correct problems and to restore the intended operation and safe function of a Bio-filter. Corrective maintenance activities include: m Removal of Debris and Sediment. Sediment, debris, and trash, which impede tiie hydraulic functioning of a bio-filter and prevent vegetative growth, will be removed and properly disposed. Temporary arrangements will be made for handling the sediments until a permanent arrangement is made. Vegetation will be re-established after sediment removal. Stmctural Repairs. Once deemed necessary, repairs to stmctural components of a bio-filter and its inlet and outiet stmctures will be done within 10 working days. Qualified individuals (i.e., the designers or contractors) will conduct repairs where stmctural damage has occurred. • Embankment and Slope Repairs. Once deemed necessary, damage to the embankments and slopes of bio-filters will be repaired within 10 working days). • Erosion Repair. Where a reseeding program has been ineffective, or where otiier factors have created erosive conditions (i.e., pedestrian traffic, concentrated flow, etc.), corrective steps will be taken to prevent loss of soil and any subsequent danger to the performance of a bio-filter. There are a number of corrective actions tiian can be taken. These include erosion control blankets, riprap, sodding, or reduced fiow through the area. Designers or contractors will be consulted to address erosion problems if the solution is not evident. • Fence Repair. Repair of fences will be done within 30 days to maintain the security of the site. • Elimination of Animal Burrows. Animal burrows will be filled and steps taken to remove the animals if burrowing problems continue to occur (filling and compacting). If the problem persists, vector control specialists will be consulted regarding removal steps. This consulting is necessary as the threat of rabies in some areas may necessitate the animals being destroyed rather than relocated. If the BMP performance is affected, abatement wiU begin. Otherwise, abatement will be performed annually in September. • General Facility Maintenance. In addition to the above elements of corrective maintenance, general corrective maintenance will address tiie overall facility and its associated components. If corrective maintenance is being done to one component, other components will be inspected to see if maintenance is needed. Debris and Sediment Disposal Waste generated in the bio-filters is ultimately the responsibility of tiie BOA for Bressi Industrial Lots 17 & 18. Disposal of sediment, debris, and trash will comply with applicable local, county, state, and federal waste control programs. Hazardous Waste Suspected hazardous wastes will be analyzed to determine disposal options. Hazardous wastes generated onsite will be handled and disposed of according to apphcable local, state, and federal regulations. A solid or Uquid waste is considered a hazardous waste if it exceeds the criteria hsted in the CCR, Title 22, Article 11. Section 6 Long-term Maintenance of Bi^Ps 6.1 Introduction * The long-term performance of BMPs hinges on ongoing and proper maintenance. In order for ^ tiiis to occur, detailed maintenance plans are needed that include specific maintenance activities and frequencies for each type of BMP. In addition, these should include indicators for assessing * when "as needed" maintenance activities are required. The fact sheets included in this volume ^ contain the basic information needed to develop these maintenance plans, but municipalities and otiier regulatory agencies also need to identify the responsible party and potentially to address funding requirements. The following discussion is based primarily on data developed ^ by Homer et al. (1994) and information available at http: / /virvyw.stormwatercenter.net/ ' 6.2 Critical Regulatory Components « Critical regulatory components identified by Homer et al. (1994) include: m Regulations should officially designate a responsible party, frequently the development site owner, to have ultimate responsibility for the continued maintenance of stormwater facilities. This official designation provides the opportunity for appropriate preparation and budgeting prior to actually assuming responsibilities. It also faciHtates enforcement or other legal remedies necessary to address compliance or performance problems once the fadlity has been constmcted. Regulations should dearly state the inspection and maintenance requirements. Inspection and maintenance requirements should also comply with all applicable statutes and be based on the needs and priorities of the individual measure or facility. A clear presentation will help owners and builders comply, and inspectors enforce requirements. Regiilations should contain comprehensive requirements for documenting and detailing maintenance. A fadlily operation and maintenance manual should be prepared containing accurate and comprehensive drawings or plans of the completed fadlity and detailed descriptions and sciiedules of inspection and maintenance. The regulations should delineate the procedure for maintenance noncompliance. This process should provide informal, discretionary measures to deal with periodic, inadvertent noncompliance and formal and severe measures to address chronic noncompliance or performance problems. In either case, the primary goal of enforcement is to maintain an effective BM P - the enforcement action should not become an end in itself. Regulations should also address the possib£ity of total default by tiie owner or builder by providing a way to complete construction and continue maintenance. For example, the pubHc might assume maintenance responsibility. If so, the designated pubHc agency must be alerted and possess the necessary staffing, equipment, expertise, and funding to assume this responsibihty. Default can be addressed through bonds and other performance January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 6-1 Errata 9-04 New Development and Redevelopment www. cabmphandbooks. oom • Section 6 ^ Long-term Msantenance of BMPs guarantees obtained before the project is approved and construction begins. These bonds m can then be used to fimd the necessary maintenance activities. • The regulations must recognize that adequate and secure funding is needed for facility M inspection and maintenance, and provide for such funding. 6.3 Enforcement Options A pubhc agency wdl sometimes need to compel those responsible for fadhty construction or maintenance to fulfill their obligations. Therefore, the maintenance program must have enforcement options for quick corrective action. Rather than a single enforcement measure, the program should have a variety of techniques, each with its own degree of formality and legal weight. The inspection program should provide for nonconforming performance and even default, and contain suitable means to address all stages. m m m m m m Prior to receiving construction approval, the developer or builder can be forced to provide performance guarantees. The public agency overseeing the constmction can use these guarantees, usually a performance bond or other surety in an amount equal to some fraction of the fadlity's construction cost, to fimd maintenance activities. Enforcement of maintenance reqmrements can be accomplished through a stormwater maintenance agreement, which is a formal contract between a local government and a property owner designed to guarantee that specific maintenance frmctions are performed in exchange for permission to develop that property (http: //www, stormw atercenter.net/l. Local governments benefit from these agreements in that responsibiHty for regular maintenance of the BMPs can be placed upon the property owner or other legally recognized party, allowing agency staff more time for plan review and inspection. 6.4 Maintenance Agreements Maintenance agreements can be an effective tool for ensuring long-term maintenance of on-site BMPs. The most important aspect of creating these maintenance agreements is to clearly define the responsibihties of each party entering into the agreement. Basic language that should be incorporated into an agreement includes the following: 1. Performance of Routine Maintenance Local governments often find it easier to have a property owner perform all maintenance according to the requirements of a Design Manual. Other communities require that property owners do aesthetic maintenance (i.e., mowing, vegetation removal) and implement pollution prevention plans, but elect to perform stmctural maintenance and sediment removal themselves. 2. Maintenance Schedules Maintenance requirements may vary, but usually governments require that all BMP owners perform at least an annual inspection and document the maintenance and repairs performed An annual report must then be submitted to the government^ who may then choose to perform an inspection of the fadlity. 6-2 California Stormwater BMP H^dbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment Errata 9-04 www. cabmp handbooks, com m Section 6 Long-term Maintenance of BMPs m -m •m m m m m 3. Inspection Requirements Local governments may obligate themselves to perform an annual inspection of a BMP, or may choose to inspect when deemed necessary instead. Local governments may also wish to include language allowing maintenance requirements to be inCTeased if deemed necessary to ensure proper functioning of the BMP. 4. Access to BMPs The agreement should grant permission to a local government or its authorized agent to enter onto property to inspect BMPs. If defidendes are noted, the government should then provide a copy of the inspection report to the property owner and provide a timeline for repair of these defidendes. 3. Failure to Maintain In the maintenance agreement, the government should repeat the steps available for addressing a failure to maintain situation. Language allowing access to BMPs dted as not properly maintained is essential, along with the right to chaise any costs for repairs b ack to the property owner. The government may wish to indude deadlines for repayment of maintenance costs, and provide for Hens against property 15) to the cost of the maintenance plus interest. 6. RecordingOf The Maintenance Agreement An important aspect to the recording of the maintenance agreement is that the agreement be recorded into local deed records. This helps ensure that the maintenance agreement is bound to the property in perpetuity. Finally, some communities dect to indude easement requirements into thdr maintenance agreements. While easement agreements are often secured through a separate legal agreement, recording pubHc access easements for maintenance in a maintenance agreement reinforces a local govemmenf s right to enter and inspect a B MP. Examples of maintenance agreements include several available on the web at http: //www.stormwatercenter.net/ 6.5 Public Funding Sources If local agendes are willing to assume responsibiHty for stormwater BMPs, it is essential to identify the long-term fimding sources. Several of these are described below: General Tax Revenues Tax revenues are an obvious source of funding, particularly for the long-term inspection and maintenance of existing runoff and drainage fadHties. The benefits and protection to the pubHc from continued safe and effective operation of the fadHty justifies using revenues from general funds. To use tax revenues, particularly from a general fund, the inspection and maintenance program must annually compete with aU other programs induded in the government's annual operating budget. This inconsistent and unreHable funding makes securing a long-term finandal January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 6-3 Errata 9-G4 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com M m m Section 6 Long-term Maintenance of BMPs commitment to inspection and maintenance difficult and subj ect to poHtical pressures. Nevertheless, tax revenues remain a popular funding source because the coUection and disbursement system is already in place and familiar. Utility Charges Using utility charges to fund inspection and maintenance is a somewhat recent apphcation of an already estabHshed financing technique. In addition, several munidpaHties and counties throughout the country have nmoff management, drainage, and flood control authorities or districts to provide residents vrith nmoff related services. Using utihty charge financing has several advantages. By addressing only runoff needs and benefits, utility funding avoids competing with other programs and needs. Utility funding also demonstrates a direct link between the funding and the services it provides. This approach can require an entirdy new operating system and organization that needs legal authorization to exist, operate, and assess charges. The effort required to create such an entity can deter many, although the continued success of estabHshed authorities and growth of new ones have done much to allay concerns over the effort required In a runoff utiHty, the user charges are often based on the need for services rather than the benefits derivedfrom them. While charges are based on adnal costs to inspect and maintain runoff facihties and measures within die service area, the assessed rate stmcture should relate to site characteristics. These indude property area size, extent of impervious coverage, and other factors with a direct and demonstrable effect on runoff. To be fair, the rate stmcture should also remain simple and understandable to the ratepayer. To finance the stormwater utility in Prince WflHam County, Virguiia, residential and nonresidential owners of developed property pay based on the amount of impervious area (rooftops, paved areas, etc.) on ieir property. Residents pay $ 10.38 biHed twice a year ($20.76 total annual fee) for detached singe-family homes. Town home and condominium owners wiU pay $7,785 biUed twice a year ($15.57 total annual fee). Nonresidential property owners pay $0.84 per 1,000 ft2 of impervious area per month. Fee ac^ustments or credits may be available if a stormwater management system is already in place. The fee wiH be on the real estate bills. Fees for the stormwater utihty in Austin, Texas are higher with residential users biUed $5.79/mo, while commerdal users pay $94.62/mo/acre of impervious cover. These fees cover not only maintenance of existing BMPs, but also capital improvement projects related to the drainage infrastmcttire. Permit Fees CoUecting permit fees to finance runoff inspection and maintenance is a long standing funding procedure. Most governmental entities, local, county, and state, can estabHsh and collect fees and other charges to obtain operating fimds for programs and services. Many inspection services, most notably the constmction inspection of both ESC measures and permanent drainage and runoff management fadHties, are financed at least in part through fees coUected by permitting agendes. Unlike taxes or some utihty charges, inspection costs are home by those who need them. 6-4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment Errata 9-04 www. cabmphaidbooks. com m Section 6 Long-term Maintenance of BMPs m "* Tlie permit fee collection program should have a demonstrable link to the runoff management M or drainage systems. The pubhc agency should demonstrate a direct link between the permit fees coUected and the permitted proj ect. One method is using dedicated accounts for individual projects andfadHties. FinaUy, the rate structure should reflect site characteristics such as area m size or imperviousness that direcfly rdate to the measure or fadhty by affecting runoff or erosion. ^ Dedicated Contributions PubHc agendes at times have used developer contributions to fund long-term fadHty "* maintenance. This approach is particularly appropriate in single-family residential m subdivisions, where numerous individual property ovraers served by a single runoff fadhty can result in confusion over who has maintenance responsibiHty. m m The exact fimding technique depends on many factors, induding community attitude and knowledge, economic and poHtical viabHity, and program needs and costs. Some techniques, * induding permit fees and dedicated contributions, may be more appropriate for short-term m activities, such as construction inspection. Other utiHty charges and spedaHzed tax revenues may apply to aU phases of an inspection and maintenance program but require considerable * effort and spedal legal authorization to operate. •m m m •m. m January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 6-5 Errata 9-04 New Development and Redevelopment www. cabmphandbooks. com Treatment BMP Captures foliage, Litter, sediment, Phosphates... Everything! Turbulence Deflectors prevent Captured sediment From re-suspending. Hydrocarbons Collect in front of skimmer and are absorbed by Storm Boom. Nutrient pollutant load is not lost to static water and flushed out at the next storm event. Separating organic matter from the static water prevents bacterial buildup. During The Storm Event Hateh Hatch Hatch icizn=: Nutrlsnt rioh vagatatton and llttarara captu rsd in filtration soraan system. Sediments settle to ttte bottom. Boom During Storm Event After The Storm Event Patented BIO CLEAN M ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.^^^ Manufactured by Suntree Technologes LB SettingThe Structure Installation Of A Nutrient Separating Baffle Box %tj}:llli.a:S;iiii Units Sits Only 3 To 4 Feet Below Flow Line Of Pipe. mm Unit Require Minimal Amount Of Head To Operate In Line Design Treats High Fiow Rates A Bio Ciean representntive is "ilv/ays available to oversee instailjcion to cnsnro a succes^ifu! pi"OiGCi:. ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. Nutrient Separating Baffle Box Separated from the Competition" Nutrient rich vogetalion and litter ara captured in (titration scroen syatem. Sediments settle to the bottom. Boom The Nutrient Separating Baffle Box Separates Organics (Debris) and Litter from the Standing Water. a within ^,(; lea ra nd 5 iic^siiieli During Storm Event •aui Nutrient rich va(i«tet)on and littor are above mtatic WBlsr and dtisi out t»Iwo«n •torm avonta. With Itio Dfnanlc pollutant load Bsparatad (rocn water, the ayatern dooB not BO aaptle. Boom After Storm Event Pollutants captured in Upper Screen are allowed to dry out between storm events. Water is kept clean and clear Look at the cleanliness of the water In our system. It has been reported that small fish have been found living in this system. Other Systems lUuirK. licKruiKrHlutnliif II'. When this debris Is kept In a wet state, the nutrients will leach out and resuspend In the water column in a few days, becoming a source of nutrients pollution. (ASCE Monitoring Guidelines for Measurii^ Stormwaer Gross Solids: Stonnwater Magazine, Nov/Dec 2005, page 10) Test Results from Vortecnichs Website proves that these systems are a source of / nutrient pollution. A stormwater BMP being a source of pollution doesn't make sense. All Poflutants Captured in these Systems are allowed to float in tlie Standing Water. This allows oi-ganlcs to leach theh- nutrients into the water and allows litter to decompose in the vrater. Hiis leads to Increased levels of nutrients, septic conditions and overtdi decreased water quaUty. Nutrient Separating Baffle Box Shallow Profile Nutrient SepjralirtiJ Baffle Box ^ 6>tandard Deptii 7.5" Othor Systems Other Systems I u Organics and Trash are Captured in Upper Screen, Separated from the Standing Water. Separating these poUutants cuts down on maintenance costs and gives maintenance crews a two stage cleaning option This Systems Small Footprint and Shallow Profile reduces excavation costs and cuts down on installation time. Organics and Trash Floating in the Water Held within this System. This leads to septic conditions. Dewatering of these pollutants also increase mahitenance costs. High Excavation and Installation Costs ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. PO Box 869 Oceanside, CA 92049 Ph: 760-433-7640 Fax: 760-433-3176 www.biocleanenvironmental.net Specifications Concrete Nutrient Separating Baffle Box Product Description Recommended Pipe Size & CFS Cubic Yards Volume Model#: NSBB 4-6-72, Concrete Nutrient Separating Baffle Box Inside Dimensions: 4' wide x 6' long x 72" tall. Complete with screen system, turbulence deflectors and skimmer system with Storm Boom. 8" to 18" 12 CFS 2.5 Cu yd.-Box .43 Cu vd. - Basket 2.93 Cu YD-Total Model#: NSBB 4-8-84, Concrete Nutrient Separating Baffle Box Inside Dunensions: 4' wide x 8' long x 84" tall. Complete with screen system, turbulence deflectors, and skimmer system with Storm Boom. 12" to 18" 30CFS 3.4 Cu yd.-Box .76CUvd.-Basket 4.16 Cu yd.-Total Model#: NSBB 5-10-84, Concrete Nutrient Separating Baffle Box Inside Dimensions: 5' wide x 10' long x 84" tall. Complete with screen system, turbulence deflectors, and skimmer system with Storm Boom. 12" to 30" 30 CFS 5.2 Cu yd.-Box 1.6 Cuvd.-Basket 6.8 Cu yd.-Total Model#: NSBB 6-12-84, Concrete Nutrient Separating Baffle Box Inside Dimensions: 6' wide x 12' long x 84" tall. Complete with screen system, turbulence deflectors, and skimmer system with Storm Boom. 18" to 36" 45 CFS 7.5 Cu yd.-Box 2.1 Cuvd.-Basket 9.6 Cu yd.-Total Model#: NSBB 8-12-96, Concrete Nutrient Separating Baffle Box Inside Dimensions: 8' wide x 12' long x 96" tall. Complete with screen system, turbulence deflectors, and skimmer system with Storm Boom. 36" to 48" 60 CFS 10 Cu yd.-Box 2.5 Cu yd.-Basket 12.5 Cu yd.-Total Model#: NSBB 8-14-96, Concrete Nutrient Separating Baffle Box Inside Dimensions: 8' wide x 14' long x 96" tall. Complete with screen system, turbulence deflectors, and skimmer system with Storm Boom. 40" to 54" 65 CFS 11.8 Cuyd.-Box 4.1 Cuvd. - Basket 15.9 Cu yd.-Total Model#: NSBB 10-14-96, Concrete Nutrient Separating Baffle Box Inside Dimensions: 10' wide x 14' long x 96" tall. Complete with screen system, turbulence deflectors, and skimmer system with Storm Boom. 48" to 72" 95 CFS 14.8 Cu yd.-Box 4.5 Cu yd.-Basket 19.3 Cu yd.-Total Nutrient Separating Baffle Boxes are pre-assembled prior to delivery to the job site and a Bio Clean Environmental Services, Inc. representative is available to oversee the installation. II II II tl II II II II tl II II tl tl II tl tl II II II FLOW. TREATMENT. & BYPASS SPECinCAVONS FOR THE BIOMASS SEPARATING BASKET 3.1 SQ.FT. 43.2 SQ.FT. I.lnflow Pipe Area 2.Open Orifice Area In Biomass Separating Basket 3. Treatable Flow Area With No Blockage 43.2 SQ.FT. 4. Treatable Flow Area With SOX Blockage — 21.6 SQ.FT. 5. Treatable Flow Area With 75% Blockage — 10.8 SQ.FT. 30' HOLES 4' BAFFLE TYP 1 O 30' BASKET STORAGE = 55 CU. FT. SEDIMENT STORAGE Lower Front Chamber 50 CU. FT. Lower Middle Chamber 48.8 CU. FT. Lower Rear Chamber 48.8 CU. FT. SCREENED BOTTOMS HINGED PATENTED Am PATENTS PENDING TURBULENCE DEFLECTORS m amMm Hoai CMH flMM JMV PLAN VIEW 98 X 36 X 24 SCREEN SYSTEM-' GROUT TYP 24' HOPE NOTES: REAR VIEW 1. CONCRETE 28 DAY COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH fc=5.000 PSI. 2. RElNFORCING:ASni A-615. GRAIX 60. J. SUPPORTS AN H20 LOADING AS INDICATED BY AASHTO. 4. JOINT SEALANT: BUTYL RUBBER SS~S-00210 5. ALL twos, TOP + BOTTOM ARE 8' THICK. RIGHT END VKW FRONT VIEW PEAK DESIGN FLOW 30 C.F.S. TREATMENT DESIGN FLOW 15 C.F.S. DISnWUTEO fffi BIO CLEAN ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE P.O. BOX 869 OCEWSIIX. CA 92049 PH: 760-433-7640 FAX: 760-433-3176 E-UAJL aOClEANOGUAILCOU SUNTREE TECHNOUOGIES. //VC. 7SS CI-EARUA.KE RD. SUITE 0Z COCOA, ri-. SZ9ZZ BREEZE HOIS PROtENADE SUNTREE TECHNOUOGIES. //VC. 7SS CI-EARUA.KE RD. SUITE 0Z COCOA, ri-. SZ9ZZ — * 2-05-16-06-01 NUTRIENT SEPARATING BAfFLE BOX MODEL. NO.NSBB S—7 0—S-^ — * 2-05-16-06-01 NUTRIENT SEPARATING BAfFLE BOX MODEL. NO.NSBB S—7 0—S-^ """ • DATE: 03/25/0S SCAI-E:SF- — 72 " DRAF~rER: T. H. H. UNITS —INCHES Bio-Sorb Oil Jllisorliiiig Polymets Our Bio-Sorb oil absorbing polymers are uniquely formulated to clean up— spills Chemical SpiNs Fuel Oil Spills Diesel Oil SplMs Contro and absorb oil and hydrocarbons on any surface - Including water Control oil spills and slicks in hailior and dock areas Control oil contamination in municipal run-off Remove oil contamination from plant process water Clean-up fuel spills on highways Absorb hydrocarbon vapors and fumes TIME (seconds) j % Uptake j C 0 0.00 O.OOOO 1 30.0 104.00 2 60-Q 107.00 3 120 128,00 4 180 155.00 5 240 164.00 6 300 188,00 How Are Bio-Sorb Oil Absorbing Polymers Unique? Blo-Sorb oil absortiing polymars function by first attracting hydrocarbons to the surface of th« polymer to adsorb the liq- uid, followed Immediately by Internally absorbing the media Into Its structure. Blo-Sorb oil absorbing polymers will not absorb water, which lends the material a unique usefulness for separating and collecting hydrocarbons from water mix- tures. Most notably, the polymer can commonly absorb from 20% to 200% or more of Its own weight of chemical or petro- leum derived liquids. Furthermore, because of the unique absorption characteristic of the material, Blo-Sorb becomes dry to the touch shortly after sorption. For What Applications Mav Biosorb Oil Absorbing Polymers be Useful? Potential applications for Bio-Sorb hydrocarbon absorbing materials are numerous as a result of their unique nature. One can Imagine applications for commercial. Industrial, defense and ecological markets. Stormwater Filters Concentrate Carrier Material for Liquid Additives Removing Oil or Chemicals from Contaminated Water Streams or Water/Soil Slurries industrial Work Area Collection Mats Spill Containment and Collection Odor Barrier/Collector for Flavor Oils and Fragrances * Collection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's) • Many Others BIO CLEAN ^ ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC.^i^^ P.O. BOX 869 OCEANSIDE, CA www.biccleaneiiv3ornnientai.net PHONE: 760.433.7640 FAX: 760.433.3176 •Ml BIO CLEAN ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. P 0 Box 869, Oceanside, CA 92049 (760) 433-7640 Fax (760) 433-3176 Manual for Cleaning 4& Maintenance of Litter Nutrient Separation Baffle Box Your development or building has installed a Bio Clean Environmental Litter Nutrient Separation Baffle Boxes. The attached map shows the location of each of the systems. These systems were installed to comply with the State Water Resources Control Board forNonpoint Source Pollution Control and Watershed Programs, implemented in 2000. It is the responsibility of the Homeowners Association or building owner to maintam and clean these systems and keep documentation on file. Documentation should include, but is not limited to, date of cleaning, type of debris and trash, organics, sediments and hydrocarbon by- products that were removed. These records must be readily available to be viewed by a city inspector. Water Control Board person or any ftiture controllmg board that may handle these inspections. The NSBB comes with a 10 year warranty which can become void if not properly maintained. The following procedures are necessary to maintain, clean and mspect your units. You may wish to contact Bio Clean Environmental Services directly to service your units to protect your warranty. Procedures for Cleaning and Maintaining Stormwater Filters 1. The NSBB should be mspected withm the first 6 months of installation to determine the frequency of cleaning. The inspection will determine how often the unit should be cleaned. 2. It is recommended the NSBB be cleaned once to twice a year. 3. Remove manhole covers to gain access to filter basket 4. Remove all trash, debris, organics and all sediments collected by the basket. This can be performed by a vacuum truck or removed by hand. Please Note: Any entry into a unit will require Close Confinement equipment and certified training. 5. Once basket has been completely cleaned, lift access hatches to expose sedhnents that have been captured below. A vacuum truck will be necessary to remove sedhnents. The advantage with the NSBB is the top basket can be cleaned separately and the sedhnent chambers below do not have to be cleaned until they are full. This also prevents the removal of any water from the system till the chambers below need to be cleaned. m m Page 2 of2 Evaluation of the hydrocarbon booms shall be performed at each cleaning. If the booms are filled with hydrocarbons and oils they should be changed out. Booms should be changed out a minimum of at least once a year. Transport all debris, trash, organics and sediments to approved facility for disposal in accordance with local and state requirements. The hydrocarbon boom is classified as hazardous material and will have to picked up and disposed of as hazardous waste. Hazardous material can only be handled by a certified hazardous waste trained person. A report shall be filled out on the collected type of debris and condition of the filter. This report must be available for inspection upon request. See sample of report. m •m m •m IB .Ml •m CONTACT INFORMATION FOR SALES. INSTALLATION. OR MAINTENANCE SERVICE: BIO CLEAN ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. P.O. BOX 869 OCEANSIDE, CA 92049 TEL: (760) 433-7640 FAX: (760) 433-3176 WWW.BIOCLEANENVIRONMENTAL.NET INSTALLATION NOTES: 1. BIO CLEAN ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. INLET FILTER INSERTS SHALL BE INSTALLED PURSUANT TO THE MANUFACTURER'S RECOMMENDATIONS AND THE DETAILS ON THIS SHEET. 2. INLET FILTER INSERT SHALL PROVIDE FOR COVERAGE OF ENTIRE INLET OPENING, INCLUDING INLET WING(S) WHERE APPLICABLE, TO DIRECT ALL FLOW TO BASKET(S). 3. ATTACHMENTS TO INLET WALLS SHALL BE MADE OF NON- M CORROSIVE HARDWARE. 4. FILTRATION BASKET STRUCTURE SHALL BE MANUFACTURED OF MARINE GRADE FIBERGLASS. GEL COATED FOR ULTRAVIOLET ^ PROTECTION. 5. FILTRATION BASKET FINE SCREEN AND COARSE CONTAINMENT SCREEN SHALL BE MANUFACTURED OF STAINLESS STEEL. 6. FOR INLET FILTER INSERTS THAT INCLUDE THE SHELF SYSTEM, * SHELF SYSTEM SHALL BE MANUFACTURED OF MARINE GRADE FIBERGLASS, GEL COATED FOR ULTRAVIOLET PROTECTION. • MAINTENANCE NOTES: 1. BIO CLEAN ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC. RECOMMENDS CLEANING AND DEBRIS REMOVAL MAINTENANCE A MINIMUM OF FOUR TIMES PER YEAR. AND REPLACEMENT OF HYDROCARBON BOOMS A MINIMUM OF TWICE PER YEAR. 2. FOLLOWING MAINTENANCE AND/OR INSPECTION, THE MAINTENANCE OPERATOR SHALL PREPARE A MAINTENANCE/INSPECTION RECORD. THE RECORD SHALL INCLUDE ANY MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES PERFORMED, AMOUNT AND DESCRIPTION OF DEBRIS COLLECTED, m AND CONDITION OF FILTER. 3. THE OWNER SHALL RETAIN THE MAINTENANCE/INSPECTION RECORD FOR A MINIMUM OF FIVE YEARS FROM THE DATE OF MAINTENANCE. THESE RECORDS SHALL BE MADE AVAILABLE TO THE GOVERNING MUNICIPALITY FOR INSPECTION UPON REQUEST AT ANY TIME. m 4. ANY PERSON PERFORMING MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES MUST HAVE COMPLETED A MINIMUM OF OSHA 24-HOUR HAZARDOUS WASTE WORKER (HA2WOPER) TRAINING. 5. FOR GRATE INLET UNITS: REMOVE GRATE TO GAIN ACCESS TO INLET FILTER INSERT. WHERE POSSIBLE THE MAINTENANCE SHOULD BE PERFORMED FROM THE GROUND SURFACE. NOTE: ENTRY INTO AN UNDERGROUND STORMWATER VAULT SUCH AS AN INLET VAULT REQUIRES CERTIFICATION IN CONFINED SPACE TRAINING. 6. FOR CURB INLET UNITS: REMOVE MANHOLE LID TO GAIN ACCESS TO INLET FILTER INSERT. WHERE POSSIBLE THE MAINTENANCE SHOULD BE PERFORMED FROM THE GROUND SURFACE. NOTE: ENTRY INTO AN UNDERGROUND STORMWATER VAULT SUCH AS AN INLET VAULT REQUIRES CERTIFICATION IN CONFINED SPACE TRAINING. 7. REMOVE ALL TRASH, DEBRIS, ORGANICS, AND SEDIMENTS COLLECTED BY THE INLET FILTER INSERT. 8. EVALUATION OF THE HYDROCARBON BOOM SHALL BE PERFORMED AT EACH CLEANING. IF THE BOOM IS FILLED WITH HYDROCARBONS AND OILS IT SHOULD BE REPLACED. ATTACH NEW BOOM TO BASKET WITH PLASTIC TIES THROUGH PRE-DRILLED HOLES IN BASKET. 9. TRANSPORT ALL DEBRIS, TRASH, ORGANICS AND SEDIMENTS TO APPROVED FACILITY FOR DISPOSAL IN ACCORDANCE WITH LOCAL AND STATE REQUIREMENTS. 10. THE HYDROCARBON BOOM IS CLASSIFIED AS HAZARDOUS MATERIAL AND WILL HAVE TO BE PICKED UP AND DISPOSED OF AS HAZARDOUS WASTE. HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CAN ONLY BE HANDLED BY A CERTIFIED HAZARDOUS WASTE TRAINED PERSON (MINIMUM 24- HOUR HAZWOPER). Vegetated Swale TC-30 Design Considerations • TfftxjtaiyArea • AreaReqiired • Sbpe • WaterAvailabilty Description Vegetated swales are open, shallow channels with vegetation covering the side slopes and bottom that collect and slowly convey runoff flow to downstream discharge points. They are designed to treat runoff through filtering by tiie vegetation in the channel, filtering through a subsoil matrix, and/or infiltration into the underlying soils. Swales can be natural or manmade. They trap particulate poUutants (suspended soHds and trace metids), promote infiltration, and reduce the flow velocity of stormwater runoff. Vegetated swales can serve as part of a stormwater drainage system and can replace curbs, gutters and storm sewer systems. California Experience Caltrans constructed and monitored six vegetated swales in southern Cahfomia. These swales were generally effective in reducing the volume and mass of pollutants in runoff. Even in the areas where the annnfll rainfall was only about lo inches/yr, the vegetation did not require additional irrigation. One factor that strongly affected performance was the presence of lai;ge numbers of gophers at most of the sites. The gophers created earthen mounds, destroyed vegetation, and generally reduced the effectiveness of the controls for TSS reduction. Advantages • ff properly designed, vegetated, and operated, swales can serve as an aesthetic, potentially inexpensive urban development or roadway drainage conveyance measure with significant collateral water quality benefits. Targeted Constituents ET Sediment • EI Nutrients • 0 Trash • ET Metals • El Bacteria • 0 Oil and Grease • 0 Organics • Legend (Remonif Effectirenass^ • Low • Hi^ A Mediun rAi.!miNrASTi'itjr,",v.\TFK January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Hanctoook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 1 of 13 m m TC-30 Vegetated Swale • Roadside ditches should be regarded as significant potential swale/buffer strip sites and should be utilized for this purpose whenever possible. Limitations • Can be difficult to avoid chaimeLization. • May not be appropriate for industrial sites or locations where spills may occur • Grassed swales cannot treat a very large drainage area. Large areas may be divided and treated using multiple swales. • A thick vegetative cover is needed for these practices to function properly. • They are impractical in areas with steep topography. • They are not effective and may even erode when flow velocities are high, if the grass cover is not properly maintained. ^ • In some places, their use is restricted by law: many local municipalities require curb and gutter systems in residential areas. •m • Swales are mores susceptible to failure if not properly maintained than other treatment BMPs. Design and Sizing Guidelines • Flow rate based design determined by local requirements or sized so that 85% of the annual runoff voliune is dischai^ged at less than the design rainfall intensity. • Swale should be designed so that the water level does not exceed 2/3rds the height of the grass or 4 inches, which ever is less, at the design treatment rate. • Longitudinal slopes should not exceed 2.5% • Trapezoidal channels are normally recommended but other configurations, such as parabolic, can also provide substantial water quahty improvement and may be easier to mow than designs with diarp breaks in slope. • Swales constructed in cut are preferred, or in fill areas that are far enough firom an adjacent slope to minimize the potential for gopher damage. Do not use side slopes constructed of fill, which are prone to structural damage by gophers and other burrowing animals. • A diverse selection of low growing, plants that thrive under the specific site, climatic, and watering conditions should be spedfied. Vegetation whose growing season corresponds to the wet season are preferred. Drought tolerant vegetation should be considered especially for swales that are not part of a regularly iirigated landscaped area. • The width of the swale should be determined using Manning's Equation using a value of 0,25 for Manning's n. 2 of 13 Califomla Stormwater BMP Haridbook January 2003 New Devekipment and Redevetopment www.cabmphandbooks.com m •m Vegetated Swale TC-30 Oonstruction/Jn^pection Con^derations • Include directions in the specifications for use of appropriate fertilizer and soil amendments based on soil properties determined through testing and compared to the needs of the vegetation requirements. • Install swales at the time of the year when there is a reasonable chance of successful estabhshment without irrigation; however, it is recognized that rainfall in a given year may not be sufficient and temporary irrigation may be used. • ff sod tiles must be used, they should be placed so that there are no gaps between the tiles; stagger the ends of the tiles to prevent the formation of channels along the swale or strip. • Use a roller on the sod to ensure that no air pockets form between the sod and the soil. • Where seeds are used, erosion controls will be necessaiy to protect seeds for atleast 75 days after the first rainfall of the season. Performance The literature suggests that vegetated swales represent a practical and potentially effective technique for controlling urban runoff quality. While limited quantitative performance data exists for vegetated swales, it is known that check dams, slight slopes, permeable soils, dense grass cover, increased contact time, and small storm events all contribute to successful pollutant removal by the swale system. Factors decreasing the effectiveness of swales include compacted soils, short runoff contact time, large storm events, frozen ground, short grass heights, steep slopes, and high runoff velocities and discharge rates. Conventional vegetated swale designs have achieved mixed results in removing particulate pollutants. A study performed by the Nationwide Urban Runoff Program (NURP) monitored tiiree grass swales in the Washiiigtan, D.C., area and found no significant improvement in urban runoff quality for the pollutants analyzed. However, the weak performance of these swales was attributed to the high flow velodties in the swales, soil compaction, steep slopes, and short grass heighL Another project in Durham, NC, monitored the performance of a carefully designed artificial swale that received runoff from a commerdal parking lot The proj ect tracked 11 storms and conduded that particulate concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd) were reduced by approximately 50 percent. However, the swale proved largely ineffective for removing soluble nutrients. The effectiveness of vegetated swales can be enhanced by adding check dams at approximatdy 17 meter (50 foot) increments along their length (See Figure 1). These dams maximize the retention time within the swale, decrease flow vdodties, and promote particulate settling. Finally, the incorporation of vegetated filter strips parallel to the top of the channel b anks can hdp to treat sheet flows entering the swale. Only 9 studies have been conducted on all grassed channels designed for water quality (Table 1). The data suggest relatively high removal rates for some pollutants, but negative removals for some bacteria, and fair performance for phosphorus. Janua-y 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 13 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandtiooks.com TC-30 Vegetated Swale m Table 1 Grassed swale pollutant removal efficiency data Removal Efliciendes (% Removal) Study TSS TP TN Metals Bacteria Type "altrans 2002 77 8 67 66 83-90 -33 dry swales 3oldberg 1993 67.8 4.5 -31.4 42-62 -100 grassed channel Seattle Metro and Washington Department of Ecology 1992 60 45 --25 2-16 -25 grassed channel Seattle Metro and Washington Department of Ecology, 1992 83 29 --25 46-73 -25 grassed channel Wang ©t aL, 1981 80 ---70-80 -dry swale Dorman et al, 1989 98 18 -45 37-81 -dry swale Harper, 1988 87 83 84 80 88-90 -dry swale ECercher et aL, 1983 99 99 99 99 99 -dry swale Harper, 1988. 81 17 40 52 37-69 -wet swale Koon, 1995 67 39 -9 -35 to 6 wet swale While it is difficult to distinguish between different designs based on the small amount of available data, grassed channels generally have poorer removal rates than wet and dry swales, although some swales appear to export soluble phosphorus (Harper, 1988; Koon, 1995)- It is not dear why swales export bacteria. One explanation is that bacteria thrive in the warm swale soils. Siting Criteria The suitabihty of a swale at a site will depend on land use, size of the area serviced, soil type, slope, imperviousness of the contributing watershed, and dimensions and slope cf the swale system (Schueler et al., 1992). In general, swales can be used to serve areas of less than 10 acres, with slopes no greater than 5 %. Use of natural topographic lows is encouraged and natural drainage courses should be regarded as significant local resources to be kept in use (Young et al., 1996). Selection Criteria (NCTCOG, 1993) • Comparable performance to wet basins • Limited to treating a few acres • Availability of water during dry periods to maintain vegetation • Suffident available land area Research in the Austin area indicates that vegetated controls are effective at removing pollutants even when dormant. Therefore, irrigation is not required to maintain growth during dry periods, but may be necessary only to prevent the vegetation fi*om dying. 4 of 13 Califomla Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com January 2003 Vegetated Swale TC-30 The topography of the site should permit the design of a channel with appropriate slope and ^.n cross-sectional area. Site topography may also dictate a need for additional structural controls. Recommendations for longitudinal slopes range between 2 and 6 percent. Flatter slopes can be used, ff suffident to provide adequate conveyance. Steep slopes increase flow velodty, decrease ^ detention time, and may require energy dissipating and grade check. Steep slopes also can be managed using a series of check dams to terrace the swale and reduce the slope to within -* acceptable limits. The use of check dams with swales also promotes infiltration. ^ Additional Design Guidelines ^ Most of the design guidelines adopted for swale design specify a minimum hydraulic residence time of 9 minutes. This criterion is based on the results of a single study conducted in Seattle, ^ Washington (Seattie Metro and Washington Department of Ecology, 1992), and is not well supported. Analysis of the data collected in that study indicates that pollutant removal at a ^ residence time of 5 minutes was not significantly different, although there is more variability in ^ that data. Therefore, additional research in the design criteria for swales is needed Sidbstantial pollutant removal has also been observed for vegetated controls designed soldy for conveyance (Barrett et al, 1998); consequentiy, some flexibility in the design is warranted. Many design guidefines recommend that grass be frequently mowed to maintain dense coverage near the ground surface. Recent research (Cdwell et al., 2000) has shown mowing frequency or grass height has litde or no effect on poUutant removal. Summary of Design Recommendations 1) The swale should have a length that provides a minimum hydraulic residence time of at least 10 minutes. The maximum bottom width shoiid not exceed 10 feet imless a dividing berm is provided. The depth of flow should not exceed 2/srds the height of the grass at the peak of the water quality design storm intensity. The channel slope m should not exceed 2.5%. ^ 2) A design grass hdght of 6 inches is recommended. "* 3) Regardless of the recommended detention time, the swale shouldbe not less than ^ 100 feet in length. ^ 4) The width of the swale should be determined using Manning's Equation, at the peak of the design storm, using a Manning's n of 0.25. 5) The swale can b e sized as both a treatment facility for the design storm and as a conveyance system to pass the peak hydraulic flows of the 100-year storm if it is « located "on-line." The side slopes should be no steeper than 3:1 (H:V). 6) Roadside ditches should be regarded as significant potential swale/buffer strip sites and should be utilized for this purpose whenever possible, ff flow is to be introduced " through curb cuts, place pavement sHghtiy above the elevation of the vegetated areas. m Curb cuts should be at least 12 inches wide to prevent dogging. "* 7) Swales must be vegetated in order to provide adequate treatment of runoff. It is important to maximize water contact with vegetation and the soil surface. For general purposes, sdectfine, close-growing, water-resistant grasses. If possible, divertrunoff (other than necessaiy irrigation) during the period of vegetation Janua-y 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 5 of 13 New Development and Redevelopment •* www. cabmphandbooks. com TC-30 Vegetated Swale establishment Where runoff diversion is not possible, cover graded and seeded areas with suitable erosion control materials. Maintenance The useful Iffe of a vegetated swale system is directly proportional to its maintenance frequency, ff properly designed and regularly maintained, vegetated swales can last indefinitely. The maintenance objectives for vegetated swale systems indude keeping up the hydraulic and removal effidency of the channel and maintaining a dense, healti^r grass cover. Maintenance activities should indude periodic mowing (with grass never cut shorter than the design flow depth), weed control, watering during drou^t conditions, reseeding of bare areas, and dearing of debris and blockages. Cuttings should be removed from the channel and disposed in a local composting fadlity. Accinmilated sediment should also be removed manually to avoid concentrated flows in the swale. The application of fertilizers and pestiddes should be minimal. Another aspect of a good maintenance plan is repairing damaged areas within a channel. For example, ff the channd develops ruts or holes, it should be repaired utilizing a suitable soil that is properly tamped and seeded. The grass cover should be thick; ff it is not, reseed as necessaiy. Any standing water removed during the maintenance operation must be disposed to a sanitaiy sewer at an approved dischai;ge location. Residuals (e.g., silt, grass cuttings) must be disposed in accordance with local or State requirements. Maintenance of grassed swales mostly involves maintenance of the grass or wetiand plant cover. Typical maintenance activities are summarized bdow: • Inspect swales at least twice annuaUy for erosion, damage to v^etation, and sediment and debris accumulation preferably at the end of the wet season to schedule stmimer maintenance and before major fall runoff to be sure the swale is ready for winter. However, additional inspection after periods of heavy runoff is desirable. The swale should be checked for debris and litter, and areas of sediment accumulation. • Grass hdght and mowing frequency may not have a large impact on pollutant removal. Consequentiy, mowing may only be necessaiy once or twice a year for safety or aesthetics or to suppress weeds and woody vegetation. • Trash tends to accumulate in swale areas, particularly along highways. Hie need for litter removal is determined through periodic inspection, but litter should always be removed prior to mowing. • Sediment accimiulating near culverts and in channels should be removed when it builds up to 75 mm (3 in.) at any spot, or covers vegetation. • Regularly inspect swales for pools of standing water. Swales can become a nuisance due to mosquitD breeding in standing water ff obstructions develop (e.g. debris accumulation, invasive vegetation) and/or ff proper drainage slopes are not implemented and maintained. 6 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com m m m Vegetated Swale TC-30 Cost Consti*uction Cost litde data is available to estimate the difference in cost between various swale desi^. One study (SWRPC, 1991) estimated the construction cost of grassed channels at approximatdy $0.25 per fi?. This price does not indude design costs or contingendes. Brown and Schuder (1997) estimate these costs at approximately 32 percent of construction costs for most stormwater management practices. For swales, however, these costs would probably be signfficantiy higher since the construction costs are so low compared with other practices. A more realistic estimate would be a total cost of approximately $0.50 per ft?, which compares favorably with other stormwater management practices. m January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 7 of 13 New Development and Redevelopment WW w. cabmphandbooks. cem I I I I i ililJIilitilil^ i I i t I t I I s TC-30 Vegetated Swale Table 2 Swale Cost Estimate (SEWRPC, 1991} Untt Cost Total Cost Component Unit Extint Low lUiodcnfte High Low ModeratB High MobiltEstlan / Demoblllzitlon-UQht 1 $107 $274 $441 $107 $274 $441 Site PrspirBtian Ctewing'' GnJbtUn^ Genml EiKivHtiarf..- Laval and TM* /€XQ Aero Yd" Yd* 0.5 0.2S 372 1,210 S2^ $3^ $2.10 90.20 $3,S00 $5,200 $370 S0.35 SS,4D0 $e,eoo $6.30 $0.50 tl,100 $S5Q $7B1 S242 $1,900 $1,300 $1,376 S424 92,700 $1,G5Q $1,972 tB05 SitaB Developnunt Salvased Topsail Seed, and tkic±\ Sods Yd* Yd* 1,210 1.210 $040 $1.20 $100 $2.40 $1.60 $360 $484 I14S2 $1.210 $2,004 $1,936 $4,3EG — -----$S,116 $9,3B& $13^ Continoancws SvHta 1 2S% 11,279 $2,347 $3,415 ----$6,395 $11,735 $17^75 SouFca: CSEWRPC, 1091) hloto: Mobillzalioriiktomablliiatlan ralbritottiaorQanizatlcn and planning irtvalvBd in HBtiblishlng a vagalatvo nmla. • Swale has a tnttomwMth of to foot, atop widhoTIO feet wlh 1:3 side slopes, and a I.QOO-foot length. "Area cleared = (top width +10 teet) x swale len^h 'Areagrut)bed =(tQpwldttix swale length), 'Volume excavated = (0.67 x top width x swale depth] x swale length (perabolic cross-sect Ion). 'Area tilled = (top width +fl(5Mfli£d£ntd!lx swale length (parabolic cross-sect Ion). :3Ctop width) ''Ansa seeded - area deared x 0.5. B Area sodded = area desred x O.G. 8 of 13 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www. cabmphandbooks. com January 2003 i i I t 1 i A t i I j Vegetated Swale TC-30 Table 3 Estimated Maintenance Costs fSEWRPC, 1991) Swale Size (Depth and Top WIdDi) Component umt Cost 1.5 Foot Dtpth, One- Foot Bottom Width, 10-Foot Top Width ^Foot Dsptti, 3-Faot Bottom Width, 21-Foot Top Width Comment Lawn Uowrinfl $0^y 1,000 fP/moMing $014/llnaarfoot $021 yilnaarfoot Lawn malnlQnance area-K^ wid1h + 10fut]xlength. Uow dilahrttlrneB peryBV GanerHl Lawn Care $9.00/1,000 ft'/yssr tO.ia/linasrfoot $028/iinaar foot Lawn mainlananca arm > (top width + 10 feat} xiangth Sw^ Debirteand Utter Ramwai $0.10/Inw foot/year $0.10/lift Barfbd $0.10/llnearfQot - Graaa Reaaeding wth hUchflndFartlizer $0.30/yd^ 90.01 /llnasrfoot $0^1 /llnairfoot Area rewgstatad aq jals 1 % of lawn me Interlines area per year Pnoerirn Admlnlstratkvi and Swato iRRpedion $D.1fi/llnsarftMt/yQar, plus$2fi/ in^Mdon $0.1S/llnoarfaot $Q.1S/linear foot Inspect four timeK par year Total -$0.E$ / Mrwar tact $a.7S/linaarfoot - January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 9 of 13 TC-30 Vegetated Swaie Maintenance Cost Caltrans (2002) estimated tiie expected annual maintenance cost for a swale witii a tributary area of approximately 2 ha at approximately $2,700. Since almost all maintenance consists of mowing, the cost is fundamentally a function of tiie mowing frequency. Unit costs developed by SEWRPC are shown in Table 3. In many cases vegetated channels wouldbe used to convey runoff and would require periodic mowing as well, so there may be Httie additional cost for the water quality component. Since essentially all the activities are related to vegetation management, no special training is required for maintenance personnel. References and Sources of Additional Information Barrett; Michael E., Walsh, Patrick M., Malina, Joseph F., Jr., Charbeneau, Randall J, 1998, "Performance of vegetative controls for treating highway runoff," ASCEJoumd of Environmental Engineering, Vol. 124, No. u, pp. 1121-1128. Brown, W., andT. Schueler. 1997. The Economics of Stormwater BMPs in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Prepared for the Chesapeake Research Consortium, Edgewater, MD, by the Center for Watershed Protection, Ellicott City, MD. Center for Watershed Protection (CWP). 1996. Design of Stormwater Filtering Systems. Prepared for the Chesapeake Research Consortium, Solomons, MD, and USEPA Region V, Chicago, IL, by the Center for Watershed Protection, EUicott City, MD. Colwell, Shanti R., Homer, Richard R., and Booth, Derek B., 2000. Characterization of Performance Predictors and Evaluation of Mowing Practices in Biofiltration Swales. Report to King County Land And Water Resources Division and others by Center for Urban Water Resources Management, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattie, WA Dorman, M.E., J. Hartigan, R.F. Steg, andT. Quasebarth. 1989. Retention, Detention and Overland Flow for Pollutant Removal From Highway Stormwater Runoff. Vol 1. FHWA/RD 89/202. Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC. Goldberg. 1993. Dayton Avenue Swede Biofiltration Study. Seattle Engineering Department, Seattie, WA Harper, H. 1988. Effects of Stormwater Management Systems on Groundwater QuaUty. Prepared for Florida Department of Environmental Regulation, Tallahassee, FL, by Environmental Research and Design, Inc., Orlando, FL. Kercher, W.C., J.C. Landon, and R. MassarelH. 1983. Grassy swales prove cost-effective for water pollution control. Pubhc Works, 16: 53-55. Koon, J. 1995. Evaluation of Water Quahty Ponds and Swales in the Issaquah/East Lake Sammamish Basins. King County Surface Water Management, Seattie, WA, and Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA Metzger, M. E., D. F. Messer, C. L. Bdtia, C. M. Myers, and V. L. Kramer. 2002. The Dark Side Of Stormwater Runoff Management: Disease Vectors Associated With Structural BMPs. Stormwater 3(2): 24-39.0akland, P.H. 1983. An evaluation of stormwater poUutant removal 10 of 13 Califomla Stormwater BMP Handbook , January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com m Vegetated Swaie TC-30 through grassed swale treatment In Proceedings of the International Symposium of Urban Hydrology, Hydrauhcs and Sediment Control, Lexington, KY. pp. 173-182. Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory. 1983. Final Report: Metropohtan Washington Urban Runoff Project. Prepared for the Metropolitm Washington Coimdl of Governments, Washington, DC, by tiie Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, Manassas, VA Pitt, R., and J. McLean. 1986. Toronto Area Watershed Management Strategy Study: Humber River Pilot Watershed Project. Ontario Ministry of Environment, Toronto, ON. Schueler, T. 1997. Comparative Pollutant Removal Capability of Urban BMPs: A reanalysis. Watershed Protection Techniques 2(2):379-383. Seattie Metro and Washington Department of Ecology. 1992. Biofiltration Swale Performance: Recommendations and Design Considerations. Publication No. 657. Water PoUution Control Department, Seattie, WA Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SWRPC). 1991. Costs of Urban Nonpoint Source Water Pollution Control Measures. Technical report no. 31. Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission, Waukesha, WI. U.S. EPA, 1999, Stormwater Fact Sheet Vegetated Swales, Report # 832-F-99-006 http: / /www.epa.gQv/owm /mth /vegswale.pdf. Office of Water, Washington DC. Wang, T, D. SpyridaMs, B. Mar, and R. Homer. 1981. Transport, Deposition and Control of Heavy Metals in Highway Runoff. FHWA-WA-RD-39-10. University of Washington, Department of Civil Engineering, Seattie, WA Washington State Department of Transportation, 1995, Highway Runoff Manual, Washington State Department of TVansportation, Olympia, Washington. Welbom, C, and J. Veenhuis. 1987. Effects of Runoff Controls on the Quantity and Quality of Urban Runoff in Two Locations in Austin, TX. USGS Water Resources hivestigations Report No. 87-4004. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA Yousef, Y., M. Wanielista, H. Harper, D. Pearce, and R. Tdbert 1985. Best Management Practices: Removalof Highway Contaminants By Roadside Swales. University of Central Florida and Florida Department of Transportation, Orlando, FL. Yu, S., S. Barnes, and V. Gerde. 1993. Testing of Best Management Practices for Controlling Highway Rwioff. FHWA/VA-93-R16. Viiginia Transportation Research Coimdl, Charlottesville, VA Iirformation Resources Maiyland Department of the Environment (MDE). 2000. Maryland Stormwater Design Manual. www.mde.state.md.us/envirnTimeTit/wma/stormwatermanual. Accessed May 22, 2001. Reeves, E. 1994. Performance and Condition of BiofQters in the Pacific Northwest Watershed Protection Techniques i(3):ii7-ii9. January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 11 of 13 New Development and Redevetopment w w w. cabm phandbooks. com TC-30 Vegetated Swale Seattie Metro and Washington Department of Ecology. 1992- Biofiltration Swale Performance. Recommendations and Design Considerations. Publication No. 657. Seatde Metro and Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA USEPA 1993. Guidance Specifying Management Measures for Sources of Nonpoint Pollution in Coastal Waters. EPA-840-B-92-002. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water. Washington, DC. Watershed Management Institute (WMI). 1997. Operation, Maintenance, and Management of Stormwater Management Systems. Preparedfor U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water. Washington, DC, by the Watershed Management Institute, Ingleside, MD. 12 of 13 Califomla Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment WW w. cabmphan dbooks. com Vegetated Swfaie TC-30 Provitk for xout pnnentivn. (H) Crou iKllnn of mie witb check dam. Notation: L = Lvnstti orswtlo lmp«w4iiHnt ma p*r cti»h dan m (b) DlmcoitiiwBl view ortwalc bnpgHmJflKni am. Ot 3Dftpaio(chaickd3ni(ro St ° Boltoni slpB «< BVHrio (tt/rt) W ar6pwldth«felt«!kdun{ft) WB =Bi)minwicnh«rcl)Kkctaintftl Z^iia FEaHoafhorizgntailavwtK:*! changain »WBI« Md« tlofw^fb^ January 2003 Califomla Stormwater BMP Handbook New i:>evelopment and Redevetopment www.cabmphanctoooks.com 13 of 13 I I I Pervious Pavements SD-20 Design Objectives B Maximize Infltration 0 Provide Retention 0 Slow Runoff Minimce I mpefvious Land Coverage Prohibit Dumping of Improper Materials Contain Polutants Colect and Convey i ] II I 1 Description Pervious paving is used for light vehide loading in parking areas. The term describes a system comprising a load-bearing, durable surface together with an underlying layered structure that temporarily stores water prior to infiltration or drainage to a controlled outiet. The surface can itself be porous such that water infiltrates across the entire surface of the material (e.g., grass and gravel surfaces, porous concrete and porous asphalt), or can be built up of impermeable blocks separated by spaces and j oints, through which the water can drain. This latter system is termed 'permeable' paving. Advantages of pervious pavements is that they reduce runoff volume while providing treatment, and are unobtrusive resulting in a high level of acceptability. Approach Attenuation of flow is provided by the storage within the underlying structure or sub base, together with appropriate flow controls. An underlying geotextile may permit groundwater recharge, thus contributing to the restoration of the natural water cycle. Alternatively, where infiltration is inappropriate (e.g., if the groundwater vulnerability is high, or the soil type is unsuitable), the surface can be constructed above an impermeable membrane. The system offers a valuable solution for drainage of spatially constrained urban areas. Significant attenuation and improvement in water quality can be achieved by permeable pavements, whichever method is used. The surface and subsurface infrastructure can remove both the soluble and fine particulate pollutants tiiat occur within urban runoff. Roof water can be piped into the storage area directiy, adding areas from which the flow can be attenuated. Also, within lined systems, there is the opportunity for stored runoff to be piped out for reuse. Suitable Applications Residential, commercial and industrial applications are possible. The use of permeable pavement may be restricted in cold regions, arid regions or regions with high wind erosion. There are some specific disadvantages associated with permeable pavement, which are as foUows: Janua-y 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com 1 of 10 SD-20 Pervious Pavements ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ • Permeable pavement can become clogged if improperly installed or maintained. However, * this is countered by the ease with which small areas of paving can be cleaned or replaced when blocked or damaged. ^ • Their application should be limited to highways with low traffic volumes, axle loads and speeds (less than 30 mph limit), car parking areas and other lightiy trafficked or non- m trafficked areas. Permeable surfaces are currentiy not considered suitable for adaptable roads due to the risks associated with failure on high speed roads, the safety implications of ** ponding, and disruption arising from reconstruction. * • When using un-lined, infiltration systems, there is some risk of contaminating groundwater, * depending on soil conditions and aquifer susceptibility. However, this risk is likely to be small because the areas drained tend to have inherenliy low pollutant loadings. ^ m The use of permeable pavement is restricted to gentie slopes. ^ • Poroiis block paving has a higher risk of abrasion and damage than sofid blocks. «• Design Considerations Designing New Installations If the grades, subsoils, drainage characteristics, and groundwater conditions are suitable, * permeable paving may be substituted for conventional pavement on parking areas, cul de sacs and other areas with Ught traffic. Slopes should be flat or very gentie. Scottish experience has shown that permeable paving systems can be installed in a wide range of ground conditioos, and m the flow attenuation perfonnance is excellent even when the systems are Lined. m The suitability of a pervious system at a particular pavement site will, however, depend on the loading mteria required of the pavement. Where the system is to be used for infiltrating drainage waters into the ground, the vidnerability of local groundwater sources to pollution fi:om the site should be low, and the seasonal high wata-table shouldbe at least 4 feet below the surface. Ideally, the pervious surface should be horizontal in order to intercept local rainfall at source. On sloping sites, pervious surfaces may be terraced to accommodate differences in levels. Design Guidehnes The design of each layer of the pavement must be determined by the likely traffic loadings and their required operational life. To provide satisfactory performance, the following criteria shouldbe considered; • The subgrade should be able to sustain traffic loading without excessive deformation. • The granular capping and sub-base layers should give sufficient load-bearing to provide an adequate construction platform and base for the overlying pavement layers. • The pavement materials should not crack of suffer excessive rutting under the influence of traffic. Tliis is controUed by the horizontal tensile stress at the base of these layers. 2 of 10 Califomla Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.com •m M m <m vm Pervious Pavements SD-20 There is no current structural design method specifically for pervious pavements. Allowances should be considered the following factors in the design and specification of materials: • Pervious pavements use materials with high permeability and void space. All the current UK pavement design methods are based on the use of conventional materials that are dense and relatively impermeable. The stiffriess of the materials must therefore be assessed. • Water is present within the construction and can soften and weaken materials, and this must be allowed for. • Existing design methods assume full friction between layers. Any geotextiles or geomembranes must be carefully spedfied to minimize loss of friction between layers. • Porous asphalt loses adhesion and becomes brittie as air passes through the voids. Its durability is therefore lower than conventional materials. The single sized grading of materials used means that care should be taken to ensure that loss of finer partides between imbound layers does not occur. Positioning a geotextile near the surface of the pervious construction should enable pollutants to be trapped and retained dose to the surface of the construction. This has both advantages and disadvantages. The main disadvantage is that the filtering of sediments and their assodated pollutants at this levd may hamper percolation of waters and can eventually lead to surface ponding. One advantage is that even if eventual maintenance is required to reinstate infiltration, only a limited amount of the construction needs to be cSsturbed, since the sub-base below the geotextile is protected. In addition, the pollutant concentration at a high levd in the structure allows for its release over time. It is slowly transported in the stormwater to lower levels where chemical and biological processes may be operating to retain or degrade poUutants. Tlie design should ensure that suffident void space exists for the storage of sediments to limit the period between remedial works. • Pervious pavements require a single size grading to give open voids. The choice of materials is therefore a compromise between stiffness, permeabihty and storage capadty. • Because the sub-base and capping will be in contact with water for a large part of the time, the strength and durability of the aggregate partides when saturated and subjected to wetting and drying should be assessed. • A uniformly graded single size material cannot be compacted and is liable to move when construction traffic passes over it. This effect can be reduced by the use of angular crushed rock material with a high surface friction. In pollution control terms, these layeis represent the site of long term chemical and biological general, this means that materials shoiid create neutral or slightiy alkaline conditions and they should provide favorable sites for colonization by microbial populations. Janua-y 2003 Califomla Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 10 New Development and Redevetopment www. cabmphanctoooks. com SD-20 Pervious Pavements Construction/Inspection Considerations * • Permeable surfaces can be laid without cross-falls or longitudinal gradients. " • The blocks should be lain level * • Tliey should not be used for storage of site materials, unless the surface is well protected •m from deposition of silt and other spillages. u TTie pavement should be constructed in a single operation, as one of the last items to be built, on a devdopment site. Landscape devdopment should be completed before pavement * construction to avoid contamination by silt or soil from this source. • Surfaces draining to the pavement should be stabilized before construction of the pavement m m Inappropriate construction equipment should be kept away from the pavement to prevent damage to the surface, sub-base or sub-grade. Maintenance Requirements The maintenance requirements of a pervious surface should be reviewed at the time of design and should be dearly spedfied Maintenance is required to prevent dogging of the pervious surface. The factors to be considered when defining maintenance requirements mustindude: Mi m Type of use -m ^ • Ownership ^ • Levd of trafficking • Tlie local environment and any contributing catchments Studies in the UK have shown satisfactory operation c£ porous pavement systems without maintenance for over lo years andrecent work by Imbe et al. at 9th ICUD, Pordand, 2002 * describes systems operating for over 20 years witiiout maintenance. However, performance ^ under such regimes could not be guaranteed. Table 1 shows typical recommended maintenance regimes: m m 4 of 10 Califomla Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Devetopment and Redevelopment WW w. cabm phan dbooks. com -m Pervious Pavements SD-20 m •m m Table 1 Typical Recommended Maintenance Regimes Activity Sdiedule • Minimize use of salt or grit for de-idng • Keep landscaped areas well maintained • Prevent soil being washed onto pavement Ongoing • Vacuum dean surface using co ramerdally available sweeping machines at the following times: - End of winter (April) Mid-summer (July / August) - After Autumn leaf-fall (November) 2/3 X per year • Inspect outlets Annual • If routine deaning does not restore infiltration rates, then reconstruction of part of the whde of a pervious surface may be required. • The surface area affected by hydraulic failure should be lifted for inspection of the intemal materials to identify the location and extent of the blodcage. • Surface materials should be lifted and replaced after brush deaning Geotextiles may need complete replacement • Sub-surface layers m£^ need cleaning and repladng • Removed silts may need to be deposed of as controlled waste. As needed (infrequent) Maximum 15-20 years m Permeable pavements are up to 25 % cheaper (or at least no more expensive than the traditional forms of pavement constmction), when all construction and drainage costs are taken into account. (Accepting that the porous asjJialt itself is a more expenave surfacing, the extra cost of which is offset by the savings in undeiground pipework etc.) (Niemczynowicz, et al., 1987) Table 1 gives US cost estimates for capital and maintenance costs of porous pavements (Landphair et al., 2000) Redeveloping Existing Installations Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) define "redevelopment" in terms of amoimts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious surfaces. TTie definition of" redevelopment" must be consulted to determine whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for redevdopment If the definition applies, the steps outlined under "designing new installations" above shouldbe followed. January 2003 Califomla Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbooks.ccm 5 of 10 SD-20 Pervious Pavements Additional Information Cost Considerations Permeable pavements are up to 25 % cheaper (or at least no more expensive than the traditional forms of pavement construction), when all constmction and drainage costs are taken into account. (Accepting that the porous asphalt itself is a more expensive surfacing, the extra cost of which is offset by the savings m underground pipework etc.) (Niemczynowicz, et al., 1987) Table 2 gives US cost estimates for capital and maintenance costs of porous pavements (Landphair et al., 2000) m 6 of 10 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Devetopment and Redevetopment www.cabmphandbooks.cqm i 1 I I I i I i i i t i I I I I I il k i I k i I k I k i I k i Pervious Pavements SD-20 Tabie 2 Engineer's Estimate for Porous Pavement Ilin Price Y«ar AcnWS TMal AcreWS ToUl AcrcWft IMal QuuiU4 AtfcWS AcnWS> 3Y S2.00 OCH 1209 $2,418 1812 $3,824 2419 $4,838 3020 ««.04O Paving SY »1ft.00 212 $4,020 424 $0,056 636 $12,084 84$ $16,112 1060 $20,140 CY S3.60 201 1724 403 SI .461 804 S2,n4 808 $2^02 1008 83,024 FllMrF«lyic SY $1.15 70« «ao9 MOO $1,610 2OC0 1 $2,300 2800 $3^20 3600 $4,140 cv sikoo 201 «3,21« $e,44fl 604 808 $123«6 1008 $16,128 Sand CY ST.OO 10O S700 200 S1.400 300 $2,100 400 S2JO0 000 £3,800 S^htW«M EA $300.00 2 ««00 sooo 4 $1,200 7 $2,100 7 $2,100 Sa«ding LF S0.05 544 128B S64 1832 S07 2576 $i2a 3220 8181 ChMfcDam CY moo 0 SO 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 0 $0 Total COMMTUC m fiO.IOS $28^10 $48,158 $48,»8 ConatwtionCoatftJtewrtiwd $50$ $999 »W1 kMoa 83,488 Annual Malntwianc* ExpttnM Pike Yw QBMLI AcnWS 1 quint.! AcreWS Totll AcnWS TMal Quiol.4 AertWS 1 Tom Ac»eW* Swaaping AC S2S0J» 1 1 1 2 S3.000 3 4 5 87,800 Wa*^Jng k 1 2 ^.M UM i 5 $7,500 MH 0 $100 « $100 $100 a 4100 8 $100 DatpClaan AC 09 1 $225 2 $450 3 $875 3.8 8878 5 $1,125 TottI AAIMHI 1 M »7.7«a ••• January 2003 Califomla Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www, cabmphandbooks. com 7 of 10 SD-20 Pervious Pavements Other Resources Abbott C.L. and Comino-Mateos L. 2001. In situ performance monitoring of an infiltration drainage system andfield testing of current design procedures. Journal CIWEM, 15(3), pp.198- •m 202. m m m •m m •m m m Construction Industiy Research and Information Association (CIRIA). 2002. Source Control using Constructed Pervious Surfaces C582, London, SWiP 3AU. Construction Industry Research and Information Association (CIRIA). 2000. Sustainable urban drainage systems - design manual for Scotland and Northern Ireland Report C522, London, SWiP 3AU. Constmction hidustiy Research and Information Association (CIRIA). 2000 C522 Sustainable urban drainage systems - design manual for England and Wales, London, SWiP 3 AU. Construction Industiy Research and Information Association (CIRIA). RP448 Manual of good practice for the design, construction and maintenance ofinfiltration drainage systems for stormwater runoff control and disposal, London, SWiP 3AU. Dierkes C, Kuhlmann L., Kandasamy J. & Angelis G. Pollution Retention Capability and Maintenance of Permeable Pavements. Proc 9^ International Conference on Urban Drainage, Portland Oregon, September 2002. Hart P (2002) Permeable Paving as a Stormwater Source Control System. Paper presented at Scottish Hydrauhcs Study Group a^'^ Annual seminar, SUDS. 22 March 2002, Glasgow. Kobayashi M., 1999. Stormwater runoff control ia Nagoya City. Proc. 8 th Int. Conf. on Urban Storm Drainage, Sydney, Australia, pp.825-833. Landphah:, H., McFalls, J., Thompson, D., 2000, Design Methods, Selection, and Cost Effectiveness of Stormwater Quality Structures, Texas TVansportation Institute Research Report 1837-1, College Station, Texas. Legret M, Colandini V, Effects of a porous pavement with reservior strucutre on runoff water:water quality and the fate of heavy metals. Laboratoire Central Des Ponts et Chaussesss Macdonald K. & Jefferies C. Performance Comparison of Porous Paved and Traditional Car Parks. Proc. First National Conference on Sustainable Drainage Systems, Coventry June200i. Niemczynowicz J, Hogland W, 1987: Test of porous pavements performed in Lund, Sweden, in Topics in Drainage Hydraulics and Hydrology. BC. Yen (Ed), pub. Int. Assoc. For Hydraulic Research, pp 19-80. Pratt C.J. SUSTAINABLE URBAN DRAINAGE - A Review of published material on tiie performance of various SUDS devices prepared for the UK Environment Agency. Coventry University, UK December 2001. Pratt C.J., 1995. Infiltration drainage - case studies of UK practice. Project Report 8 of 10 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Devetopment and Redevetopment www.cabmphandbooks.com m m Pervious Pavements SD-20 22,Construction Industry Research and Information Association, London, SWiP 3AU; also known as National Rivers Authority R&D Note 485 Pratt C. J., 1990. Permeable Pavements for Stormwater Quality Enhancement. In: Urban Stormwater Quality Enhancement - Source Control, retrofitting and combined sewer technology, Ed. H.C. Torao, ASCE, ISBN 087262 7594, pp. 131-155 Raimbault G., 1997 French Developments in Reservoir Stmctures Sustainable water resources I the 21=* century. Malmo Sweden Schliiter W. & Jefferies C. Monilnring the outflow from a Porous Car Park Proc First National Conference on Sustainable Drainage Systems, Coventry June 2001. WUd, TC, Jefferies, C, and D'Arcy, B.J. SUDS in Scotiand - the Scottish SUDS database Report No SR(o2)o9 Scotland and Northern Ireland Forum for Environmental R esearch, Edinburgh. In preparation August 2002. Janua-y 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook 9 of 10 New Development and Redevetopment w w w. catim phandtiooks. com SD-20 Pervious Pavements Geolextite - ._ .... „ .. ^ ^ ^ ^ -• ' ' •,• - ParmeaWt ' 5ut>lMsa Membrafw dllposd arrauu (•) Pmious pavanwiri usad for atumulton GBotaxUhi- ,.y;-,.„.i,,., ;„ " ; , Overflow _1 ; •• ',, . • t... J • Ponnaabte ^» . T • * Siib-bsse infilroUon (b) P«rvlou» pavement iiMd fof tnllltratlon Schematics of a Pervious Pavement System m m m •m 10 of 10 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Devetopment and Redevetopment www. cabmphandbooks. com January 2003 m m m •m Dec. 1,1992 Street Sweeping Description Street sweeping involves the use of specialized equipment to remove Utter, loose gravel, soil, pet waste, vehicle debris and pollutants, dust, de-icing chemicals, and industrial debris from road surfaces. Street sweeping equipment can consist of a truck or truck-like vehicle equipped with multiple brushes, pick-up deflector, holding bin, water sprayer, vacuum nozzle and filter, or a combination of some or all of these features. Pollutants Controlled and Impacts When done regularly, street sweeping can remove 50-90% of street pollutants that potentially can enter surface water through storm sewers. Street sweepers will also make road surfaces less slippery in light rains, improve aesthetics by removing litter, and control poUutants which can be captured by the equipment. Application Land Use Transportation, urban Soil/Topographv/Climate * Street sweeping is not effective on snow covered roads. * When to Apply * Street sweepmg is typically done in the early morning hours when traffic is light. It is sometimes necessary to control parking by placing signs which limit the hours or the side of the street in which parking is allowed. Where to Apply Street sweeping is applicable on urban streets with curb and gutter, or paved drainageways. Relationship With Other BMPs »• Sweeping is recommended at least four times per year on aU Porous Asphalt Pavement. Street sweeping in some areas may decrease the frequency in which Catch Basins need to be cleaned. •m «• Specifications General Considerations: « 1. Approximately 90% of the contaminants wiU accumulate within 12 inches of the curb, therefore, only one sweep is generally necessary to remove contaminants. 2. When replacing gutters or constructing new ones in urban areas, consider installing broader concrete gutters to increase street cleaning efficiency. SW-1 3. Damaged pavement is not possible to clean effectively and should be resurfaced in areas where street cleaning is done. 4. Use vacuum sweepers on dry pavement only. Frequency of Sweeping: The frequency in which street sweeping should be done is very controversial, and the schools of thought range from "not at all" to "every other day." Some studies have shown that street sweepmg may have a negative effect by breaking down aggregated particles (clumps of particles) into fine particles which can be carried more easily by runoff. We feel that the goal of street sweeping should be to keep the larger-sized pollutants from entering storm sewers. We recommend street sweeping: -after heavy rain storms in which sediment is present on the streets; and -adjacent to construction sites where sediment has left the site and entered the street; and -at least once during the fall to coUect leaves and keep them out of the sewer system; and -at least once during the spring to coUect garbage and coarse sediment left behind diuing snow melt. The effectiveness of street sweeping appears to be primarily dependent upon the frequency of sweeping and the interval between storms. Additional considerations are operator skill and the number of cars parked at the curb. Other factors in order of importance are: total mass of the area to be swept and its relation to loadings on other areas not accessible to sweepers; the efficiency of sweepers compared to the storm runoff of the pollutant of interest; and local storm characteristics. Types of Sweepers: Street sweeping effectiveness is a function of sweeping frequency, number of passes per sweeping, equipment speed and pavement conditions. Below are two types of street sweepers. Keep in mind that street sweeping equipment is manufactured by more than one company and each company competes for design efficiency. Mechanical broom street sweepers are effective in removing larger particles, but are not effective in removing fme, pollutant-laden dust and dirt (smaller than 400 microns). These small particles contain the majority of pollutants found on the streets (i.e. oxygen demanding substances, nutrients, metals, oils). The removal efficiency for these machines is 50%, assuming a smoothly paved surface, particles greater than 400 microns, and the absence of parked vehicles. These are less expensive to operate than vacuum sweepers. Vacuum-type street sweepers are more efficient in removing dust and dirt particles (about 90%) than mechanical broom sweepers. However, vacuum sweepers are ineffective when the pavement is wet. SW-2 Maintenance In order to increase the effectiveness of street sweeping, roads should be kept well-surfaced. •m m m m m SW-3 I I I I 3 Site Design & Landscape Planning SD-10 Design OI>jectives 0 Maximize Infiltration 0 Piwide Retention 0 Slow Runoff [-« Minimize Impervious Land Coverage Prohibit Dumping of Improper Materials Contain Pollutants Coll^ and Convey Description Each project site possesses unique topographic, hydrologic, and vegetative features, some of which are more suitable for development than otiaers. Integrating and incorporating appropriate landscape planning methodologies into the project design is the most effective action that can be done to minimize surface and groundwater contamination from stormwater. Approacli Landscape planning should couple consideration of land suitability for urban uses with consideration of community goals and projected growth. Project plan designs should conserve natural areas to the extent possible, maximize natural water storage and infiltration opportunities, and protect slopes and channels. Suitable Applications Appropriate appUcations include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for development or redevelopment. Design Considerations Design requirements for site design and landscapes planning should conform to apphcable standards and specifications of agencies with jurisdiction and be consistent with applicable General Plan and Local Area Plan policies. January 2003 Califomla Stormwater BMP Handbook IsJew Development and Redevelopment www. cabmphandbooks, com 1 of 4 Ml SD-10 Site Design & Landscape Planning Designing Neiv Installations Begin the development of a plan for the landscape unit with attention to the following general principles: • Formulate the plan on the basis of clearly articulated community goals. Carefully identify conflicts and choices between retaining and protecting desired resources and community growth • Map and assess land suitabihty for urban uses. Include the following landscape features in the assessment wooded land, open unwooded land, steep slopes, erosion-prone soils, foundation suitabihty, soil suitabihty for waste disposal, aquifers, aquifer recharge areas, wetiands, floodplains, surface waters, agricultural lands, and various categories of urban land use. When appropriate, the assessment can highhght outstanding local or regional resources that the community determines shouldbe protected (e.g., a scenic area, recreational area, threatened species habitat, farmland, fish run). Mapping and assessment should recognize not only these resources but also additional areas needed for their sustenance. Proj ect plan designs should conserve natural areas to the extent possible, maximize natural water storage and infiltration opportunities, and protect slopes and channels. Conserve Natural Areas during Landscape Planning If apphcable, the f oUowing items are required and must be implemented in the site layout during the subdivision design and approval process, consistent with apphcable General Plan and Local Area Plan pohdes: • Cluster development on least-sensitive portions of a site while leaving the remaining land in a natural imdisturbed condition. • Limit dealing and grading of native vegetation at a site to the minimum amount needed to build lots, allow access, and provide fire protection. • Maximize trees and other vegetation at each site by planting additional vegetation, dustering tree areas, and promoting the use of native and/or drought tolerant plants. • Promote natural vegetation by using parking lotislands and other landscaped areas. • Preserve riparian areas and wetiands. Maximize Natural Water Storage and Infiltration Opportunities Within the Landscape Unit • Promote the conservation of forest cover. Building on land that is already deforested affects basin hydrology to a lesser extent than converting forested land Loss of forest cover reduces interception storage, detention in the organic forest floor layer, and water losses by evapotranspiration, resulting in large peak runoff increases and either their negative effects or the expense of countering them with structural solutions. • Maintain natural storage reservoirs and drainage corridors, induding depressions, areas of permeable soils, swales, and intermittent streams. Develop and implement pohdes and 2 of 4 Callfomia Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www.cabmphandbook5.com Site Design & Landscape Planning SD-10 r^ulaticos to discourage the dealing, filling^ and channehzation of these features. Utilize them in drainage networks in preference to pipes, culverts, and engineered ditches. • Evaluating infiltration opportunities by referring to the stormwater management manual for the jurisdiction and pay particular attention to the selection criteria for avoiding groundwater contamination, poor soils, and hydrogeological conditions that cause these facihties to fail. If necessaiy, locate developments with lai^e amounts of impervious surfaces or a potential to produce relatively contaminated runoff away from groundwater recharge areas. Protection of Slopes and Channels during Landscape Design m Convey runoff safely from the tops of slopes. • Avoid disturbing steep or unstable slopes. • Avoid disturbing natural channels. • Stabilize disturbed slopes as quickly as possible. • Vegetate slopes with native or drought tolerant vegetation. • Control and treat flows in landscaping and/or other controls prior to readnng existing natural drainage systems. • Stabilize temporary and permanent channel crossings as quickly as possible, and ensure that incresLses in run-off velodty and frequency caused by the project do not erode the channel. • Install energy dissipaters, such as riprap, at the outiets of new storm drains, culverts, conduits, or chaimels that enter unlined channels in accordance with apphcable specifications to minimize erosion. Energy dissipaters shall be installed in such a way as to minimize impacts to recdving waters. • Line on-site conveyance channds where appropriate, to reduce erosion caused by increased flow velodty due to increases in tributary impervious area. The first choice for linings should be grass or some other vegetative surface, since these materials not only reduce runoff vdodties, but also provide water quahty benefits from filtration and infiltration If vdodties in the channd are high enough to erode grass or other vegetative linings, riprap, concrete, soil cement, or geo-grid stabilization are other alternatives. • Consider other design prindples that are comparable and equally effective. Redeveloping Existing h^tallations Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious smf aces. The definition of" redevelopment" must be consulted to determine whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for redevdopment If the definition apphes, the steps outlined under "designing new instaUations" above should be followed. January 2003 Callfomia Stormwater BMP Handbook 3 of 4 rslew Development and Redevelopment www, cabm phandbooks. com SD-10 Site Design & Landscape Planning Redevelopment may present significant opportunity to add features which had not previously been implemented. Examples indude incorporation of depressions, areas of permeable soils, and swales in newly redeveloped areas. While some site constraints may exist due to the status of already existing infrastructure, opportunities should not be missed to maximize infiltration, slow runoff, reduce impervious areas, disconnect directiy connected impervious areas. Other Resources A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angdes County Department of PubHc Works, May 2002. Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington, Washington State Department of Ecology, August 2001. Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, February 14, 2002. Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003. Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quahty Control Measures, July 2002. 4 of 4 California Stormwater BMP Handbook January 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www,cabmphan dbooks.com CURB PAVEMENT BIORETENTION AREA LIMIT PEA GRAVEL CURTAIN DRAIN UNDERDRAIN SYSTEM TO STORM DRAIN GRASS SWALE INLET DEFLECTORS WITH CURB OPENING PEA GRAVEL DIAPHRAGMS All green space can he designed to he hydrologically functional and treat runoff. li II II II li II II II IJ ii II li li li ti hi li ii . 1 Pollutant Removal Oil and Grease Over 95% Removal Dr. Eric Seagren - University Maryland Removal Mechanism Capture by mulch / soil / bacteria Metabolized by bacteria kj li li li 14 II li tJ II II IJ II II II li t) t i Pollutant Removal Potential of Aerobic Plant / Microbe / Soil Bioretention Systems • TSS - 95% • Heavy Metals - 99% • Oil and Grease - 95% • Total Phosphorous - 80% • Total Nitrogen - 40% • Coliform - 80% • Treat over 90% of total volume in less than 1% of the urban landscape. II ii It II 11 li la II II II II II II i I i i I RUNOFF RUNOFF METALS. NUTRIENTS NITROGEN CYCLE FOR BIORETENTION Combination Filtration / Infiltration Profile Hi 2" Mulch Existing Ground Gravel Moderately Pervious Soils Efficient Irrigation SD-12 m -Mt Design Objectives 0 Maximize Irfiltration 0 Provide Retention 0 Slow Runoff Mnmee ImpeMous (.and Coverage Prohibit Dunping cf Improper Materials Contain Polutants CoOect and Convey Description Irrigation water provided to landscaped areas may result in excess irrigation water being conveyedinto stormwater drainage sj^tems. Approach Project plan designs for development and redevelopment should include application methods of irrigation water tfiat minimize runoff of excess irrigation water into the stormwater conveyance ^stem. Suitable Applications Appropriate applications include residential, commercial and industrial areas planned for development or redevelopment. (Detached residential single-family homes are typically excluded from this requirement.) Design Considerations Designing Netv Installations The following methods to reduce excessive irrigation runoff should be considered, and incorporated and implemented where determined apphcable and feasible by the Permittee: • Employ rain-triggered shutoff devices to prevent irrigation after precipitation. • Design irrigation systems to each landscape area's specific water requirements. • Include design featuring flow reducers or shutoff valves triggered by a pressure drop to control water loss in the event of broken sprinkler heads or hnes. • Implement landscape plans consistent with County or City water conservation resolutions, which may include provision of water sensors, programmable irrigation times (for short cydes), etc. rA.-iwr.?,'!.-', January 2003 California Stormwater BMP Handbook New Development and Redevelopment www, cabm phandbooks,CQm 1 of 2 m m SD-12 Efficient Irrigation • Design timing and appHcation methods of irrigation water to minimize the runoff of excess irrigation water into the storm water drainage system. • Groi^ plants with sumlar water requirements in order to reduce excess irrigation runoff and promote surface filtration. Choose plants with low irrigation requirements (for example, native or drought tolerant species). Consider design features such as: - Using mulches (such as wood chips or bar) in planter areas without ground cover to minimize sediment in runoff Installing appropriate plant materials for the location, in accordance with amount of sunHght and climate, and use native plant materials where possible and/or as recommended by the landscape architect Leaving a vegetative barrier along the property boundaiy and interior watercourses, to act as a pollutant filter, where appropriate and feasible - Choosing plants that minimize or ehminate the use of fertilizer or pesticides to sustain growth • Employ other comparable, equally effective methods to reduce irrigation water runoff. Redeveloping Existing InstaUations Various jurisdictional stormwater management and mitigation plans (SUSMP, WQMP, etc.) define "redevelopment" in terms of amounts of additional impervious area, increases in gross floor area and/or exterior construction, and land disturbing activities with structural or impervious surfaces. The definition of" redevelopment' mustbe consulted to determine whether or not the requirements for new development apply to areas intended for redevelopment. If the definition apphes, the steps outlined mder "designing new installations" above should be followed. Other Resources A Manual for the Standard Urban Stormwater Mitigation Plan (SUSMP), Los Angeles County Department of Pubhc Works, May 2002. Model Standard Urban Storm Water Mitigation Plan (SUSMP) for San Diego County, Port of San Diego, and Cities in San Diego County, Februaiy 14, 2002. Model Water Quality Management Plan (WQMP) for County of Orange, Orange County Flood Control District, and the Incorporated Cities of Orange County, Draft February 2003. Ventura Countywide Technical Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Control Measures, July 2002. 2 of 2 Califomla Stormwater BMP Handbook Jgnuary 2003 New Development and Redevelopment www. cabm phandbooks,com Inlet Stenciling and Signage m m m <m m a program to comprehensively address storm drain marking and actively recruit volunteer groups to help, or the municipality can facilitate volunteer groups that take the initiative to undertake a marking project. Whether the municipality or a volunteer group initiates a stenciling project, the municipality should designate a person in charge of the storm drain marking program. Many municipalities will designate a person from the public works or water quality department to coordinate marking projects by volunteer groups, while others might work with their communications department. Because these programs depend heavily on volunteer labor, organizers and coordinators should possess skills in recruiting, training, managing, and recognizing volunteers. Organizers and coordinators should provide the following: • Marking kits containing all materials and tools needed to carry out a marking project • A map of the storm drains to be marked • Training for volunteers on safety procedures and on the technique for using stencils or affixing signs • Safety equipment (traffic cones, safety vests, masks and/or goggles for spray paint, and gloves if glue is used) • Incentives and rewards for volunteers (badges, T-shirts, certificates). w The coordinator might also wish to provide pollutant-tracking forms to collect data on serious instances of dumping. Participants in storm drain marking projects can note storm drains that ^ are clogged with debris or show obvious signs of dumping. This enables city crews to target cleanup efforts. Organizers should instruct volunteers on what kinds of pollutants to look for * and how to fill out data cards. Volunteers also should record the locations of all storm drains labeled during the project for the city to track. Additionally, the participants should convene after the event to talk about what they have found. Their reactions and impressions can help organizers improve future marking projects. If a municipality chooses to initiate a storm drain marking program and solicit the help of volunteer organizations, they can advertise through a variety of channels. Outreach strategies include the following: • Distributing pamphlets and brochures to area sen/ice organizations • Placing articles in local magazines • Taking out newspaper ads • Placing an environmental insert in the local newspaper • Making presentations at community meetings • Developing public sen/ice announcements for radio • Creating a web site with background and contact information as well as photos and stories from past marking events (the references section contains a list of storm drain marking web sites from communities across the country) Newspapers can be notified to get advance coverage of a planned storm drain marking event. Newspapers might choose to cover the event itself as an environmental feature story to further public awareness. A news release issued for the day of the event can draw television and/or newspaper coverage. Public sen/ice announcements made before the event also will help to reinforce the message. Additionally, some municipalities can have volunteers distribute door hangers in the targeted neighborhoods to notify residents that storm drain marking is taking place. The hangers explain the purpose of the project and offer tips on how citizens can reduce urban runoff in general. For any volunteer project to be successful, volunteers must feel they have done something worthwhile. Communities active in storm drain marking have developed a variety of ways to recognize volunteers, including • Providing each participant with a certificate of appreciation and/or letter of thanks signed by the mayor • Distributing logo items such as T-shirts, hats, badges, plastic water bottles, or other items to participants before or after the event m m m m Holding a picnic or small party after the event with refreshments donated by a local business Providing coupons for free pizza, hamburgers, ice cream, or movies donated by local merchants Taking pictures of storm drain marking teams before, during, and after the event to create a pictorial record of volunteers' activity. Since marking projects take place on city streets, volunteer safety is of utmost importance. The city might wish to designate lower-traffic residential areas as targets for volunteer marking and provide safety equipment and training. Most programs require that marking be done in teams, with at least one person designated to watch for traffic. Adult supen/lsion Is needed when volunteers are school children or members of youth groups. Most cities also require participating volunteers (or their parents, in the case of minors) to sign a waiver of liability. An attorney for the municipality should be consulted to determine what liability exists and how to handle this issue. Materials Permanent signs made from aluminum, ceramic, plastic, or other durable materials can be affixed with adhesive or heat applied to the street or sidewalk surface. These markers last longer than stenciled messages and need only glue to affix them to storm drain inlets. Many stock designs are available, or a municipality can develop or commission a design that is specific to the locality, such as with the name of the waterbody to which the inlet drains. These permanent signs can also be neater and easier to read from a distance. Tiles or plaques can be dislodged by pedestrian traffic if they are disturbed before the glue dries, so care should be taken to exclude pedestrians from areas where signs have been affixed recently. The reference section provides web resources for purchasing storm drain markers. Alternatively, communities can use stencils and paint to label their storm drains. Some communities stencil directly onto the curb, street, or sidewalk, while others first paint a white background and then stencil over it. The most commonly used stencils are made of Mylar, a flexible plastic material that can be cleaned and reused many times. However, stencils can also be made from cardboard, aluminum, or other material. Because painted stencils are not as durable as other types of markers, the message might need to be retouched or reapplied every few years. The reference section lists web sites where stencils can be purchased. Paint or ink can be sprayed on or applied by brush and roller. Spray paint is quickest and probably the easiest to apply neatly. Regions that do not meet federal air-quality standards should avoid using spray paints, since many contain air-polluting propellants. It is recommended to use "environmentally friendly" paint that contains no heavy metals and is low in volatile organic compounds. Care should be taken to prevent any materials from entering the storm drain. Storm drain messages can be placed flat against the sidewalk surface just above the storm drain inlet, while others are placed on the curb facing the street or on the street itself, either just upstream of the storm drain or on the street in front of the drain. However, messages placed on the street might wear out or be dislodged sooner. Another option is to retrofit or equip new developments with catch basins, grates, or inlet covers that are pre-cast with a storm water education message. This option is the longest lasting and most costly of the storm drain marking alternatives. It does not, however, foster public participation because the messages require installation by professionals or city crews. Westchester County, New York, and the City of White Plains have begun installing the "Eco Curb" catch basins cast with location-specific messages on county and city roads (Westchester County Department of Planning, 2001). The reference section provides a link to a manufacturer of cast iron storm water messages. Benefits m •m, m Storm drain marking projects offer an excellent opportunity to educate the public about the link between the storm drain system and water quality. In addition to the labeled storm drains, media coverage of the program or storm drain marking event can increase public awareness of storm water issues. Volunteer groups can provide additional benefits by picking up trash near the marked storm drains and by noting where maintenance is needed. Additionally, marking projects can provide a lead-in to volunteer monitoring projects and increase community participation in a variety of other storm water-related activities. Limitations A storm drain marking program is generally effective, inexpensive, and easy to implement. However, larger communities can have many storm drain inlets, so volunteer coordinators need to be skilled at recruiting and organizing the efforts of volunteers to provide adequate coverage over large areas. Safety considerations might also limit marking programs in areas where traffic congestion is high. Other environmental considerations, such as the use of propellants in spray paint in areas that do not meet air quality standards, should be taken into account. Finally, stenciled messages will require repainting after years of weather and traffic, and tiles and permanent signs might need replacement if they are improperly installed or subject to heavy traffic or vandalism. Effectiveness By raising public awareness of urban runoff, storm drain marking programs should discourage practices that generate nonpoint source pollutants. As with any public education project, however, it is difficult to precisely measure the effect that storm drain marking programs have on human behavior. Surveys of public recognition of the storm drain message or surveys that capture changes in behavior can indicate whether a storm drain marking program is effective. It is not easy to measure reductions in certain components of urban runoff, which by definition is diffuse in origin. Some municipalities attempt to assess the effectiveness of storm drain marking programs by periodically examining water samples from targeted storm drain outfalls (places where storm drains empty into a waterbody). If the storm drains leading to a particular outfall have been labeled, and if the levels of pollutants from that outfall decline after the labels were put in place, one can assume the labeling has had some deterrent effect. This monitoring can be conducted by the same volunteer groups that marked the drains and can be incorporated into existing volunteer monitoring programs or can initiate the development of a new program. Cities also infer storm drain marking program success from increases in the volume of used motor oil delivered to used-oil recycling centers. Others measure success in terms of how many drains are marked and the number of requests received by volunteer groups to participate in the program. They can also take into consideration the number of cleanups conducted by the city as a result of reports made by volunteers. Costs Plastic stencils, which can last for 25 to 500 stencilings, depending on whether paint is sprayed or applied with a brush or roller, can be purchased for S10-$15.50 depending on the size, materials, quantity purchased, and manufacturer. Metal stencils, which last longer, can cost $100 or more. Storm drain markers vary in cost depending on materials, design requirements, and the amount purchased. It is important to contact the manufacturer when pricing storm drain markers because custom sizes, shapes, and designs, such as those that specify a local waterbody, can increase the unit cost. For stock messages, however, ceramic tile markers cost approximately $7, whereas plastic markers of 4-inch diameter range in cost from $1 and $2.95 depending on material composition and quantity purchased. Construction Activities -2003 Construction General Permit -Oil and Gas Industrial Activity -Multi-Sector General Permit Municipal MS4s -Large & Medium -Small Stormwater Outreach Materials Phase 1 & Phase II -Menu of BMPs -Urbanized Area Maps Stormwater Home U.S. EnvironmenW Protection Agency National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Recent Additions | Contact Us | Print Version Search NPDES: | E3 EPA Home > OW Home > QWM Home > NPDES Home > Storm Water > Menu of BMPs Public Involvement/Participation Storm Drain Marking About NPDES Description Storm drain marking involves labeling storm drain inlets with plaques, tiles, painted, or pre-cast messages warning citizens not to dump pollutants into the drains. The messages are generally a simple phrase or graphic to remind those passing by that the storm drains connect to local waterbodies and that dumping will pollute those waters. Some storm drain markers specify which waterbody the Inlet drains to or name the particular river, lake, or bay. Common messages include: "No Dumping. Drains to Water Source," "Drains to River," and "You Dump It, You Drink It. No Waste Here." In addition, storm drain markers often have pictures to convey the message, including a shrimp, common game fish, or a graphic depiction of the path from drain to waterbody. Communities with a large Spanish-speaking population might wish to develop markers in both English and Spanish, or use a graphic alone. Storm drains can be labeled with stencils to discourage dumping T0p Applicability Municipalities can undertake storm drain marking projects throughout the entire community, especially in areas with sensitive waters or where trash, nutrients, or biological oxygen demand have been identified as high priority pollutants. However, regardless of the condition of the waterbody, the signs can raise awareness about the connection between storm drains and receiving waters and can help to deter littering, excess fertilizer use, dumping, and other practices that contribute to nonpoint source pollution. Municipalities should prioritize drains for marking, because marking all drains within a municipality would be prohibitively expensive. The drains should be carefully selected to send the message to the maximum number of citizens (for example, in areas of high pedestrian traffic) and to target drains leading to waterbodies where illegal dumping has been identified as a source of pollution. Implementation Municipal crews or volunteers can affix or stencil messages on storm drains. Some municipalities feel that having their own crews do the work produces better results and eliminates liability and safety concerns. Other times volunteer groups conduct marking projects in cooperation with a municipality. In such an arrangement, volunteer groups provide the labor and the municipality provides supplies, safety equipment, and a map and/or directions to the drains to be marked. The benefits of using volunteers are lower cost and increased public awareness of storm water pollutants and their path to waterbodies. A municipality can establish m Glue for affixing the markers costs approximately $0.25 per application. Door hangers and other educational materials that complement the markers can also be purchased from some manufacturers, and oftentimes a "starter kit" is offered that includes a suite of materials to conduct a public outreach campaign. References How To Develop a Storm Drain Marking Program and Conduct Projects: East Dakota Water Development District. No date. Storm Drain Stenciling. [http://www.brookings.com/bswf/teachers/tp2.htm |ExiT«ii»cUirorF>|]_ Accessed February 20, 2004. Hunter, R. 1995. Stonn Drain Stenciling: The Street-River Connection. [http://vtfVtfw.epa.QOv/volunteer/fall95/urbwat10.htm1. Last updated December 8,1998. Accessed February 13, 2001. The Ocean Conservancy. 2003. Storm Drain Sentries. http://www.oceanconservancv.orQ/dvnamic/learn/programs/sentries/sentries.htm jiixiTdbcUimcrTI] AnnPssP?d Fahniary 20. 2004. ——— The Rivers Project, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville. No Date. Gateway Area Storm Sewer Stenciling Project [[http://www.siue.edu/OSME/river/stencilina/Storm.html irxiTUbcuiwcrTI] Accessed February 20, 2004. Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission. No date. Storm Drain Stenciling: Preventing Water Pollution. [http://www.tnrcc.state.tx.us/exec/oppr/cc2000/storm drain.html |i:xiTd»cUimcrg]_ Accessed February 13, 2001. Purchase Markers: ACP International. No date. Storm Drain Markers. [http://vtfww.acpinternational.com/stormdrain.php l>-^"^'"^''"*'EEl. Accessed February 20, 2004. Clayworks. No date. Storm Drain Marking Program. [http://vtfww.clavworks.net/stormwater.html Accessed February 20, 2004. Das Manufacturing, Inc. 2001. Storm Drain Markers. [http://www.curbmarker.com/storm/1^^"'""""""El]. Accessed February 20, 2004. Purchase Stencils: Clean Ocean Action. 2000. Storm Drain Stenciling. [http://www.cleanoceanaction.orq/Stenciling/StormDrains.html 1^-^"Last updated June 23, 2000. Accessed February 13, 2001. Earthwater Stencils, Ltd. 1997. Earthwater Stencils, Ltd. [http://www.earthwater-stencils.com I>-^" *""'"'"">1]- Last updated 1997. Accessed February 14, 2001. Almetek Industries, Inc. 2004. Innovative Signs and ID Marking Systems. [http://www.drainmarkers.com lt:xiT<Ji»]..mco^] Accessed August 10, 2004. ^ Purchase Cast Iron Messages: East Jordan Iron Works. 2003. Construction and Municipal Casting: NPDES Phase II •w* Storm Water Regulation. [http://www.ejiw.CQm/products.Dhtml?catid=36 EElliEiill^ZE!]. Accessed February 19, •nm, 2004. Communities With Storm Drain Marking Web Sites: mm m Brevard County, Florida. No date. Storm Drain Markers. [http://www.brevstorm.ora/edu stormdrain markers.cfm |t:xiTdi»cUim.r>|]_ Accessed February 20, 2004. City of Austin, Texas. 1995. Storm Drain Marking. [http://www.ci.austin.tx.us/watershed/stormdrain markinq.htm l^-^'"^*""'*'""^]- Accessed February 20, 2004. City of Fort Worth, Texas. 2003. Storm Drain Marking Program. [http://ci.fort-worth.tx.us/dem/fishsian.htm |t:xndi»uim.fg]. Last updated February 4, 2003. Accessed February 20, 2004. Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Long Island Sound Programs. 2003. Storm Drain Marker Program. ^ [http://dep.state.ct.us/olisp/stormdrain/stormdrainmarker.pdf |rAiTdi.ci«ime[gj_ |_ast updated February 1, 2003. Accessed February 20, 2004. City of Charlotte and Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. 2002. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Storm Drain Marking Program. [http://vtfVtfw.charmeck.ora/Departments/LUESAA/Vater+and+Land+Resources/Proarams/ Water+Quality/Storm+Drain+Markinq.htm |ExiTd»ci.imrr>i]_ Accessed February 20, 2004. Communities With Storm Drain Stenciling Web Sites: City of Berkley, California, Department of Public Works. No date. Storm Drain Sewer Stenciling. [http://www.oi.berkeiev.ca.us/PW/Storm/stencil.html l'"^'^'"""'"""^!]. Accessed February 13, 2001. City of Honolulu, Hawaii. No date. Volunteer Activities. [http://www.cleanwaterhonolulu.com/drain.html 1*--^"Accessed February 14, 2001. City of Portland, Oregon, Environmental Services. No date. Storm Drain Stenciling. [http://www.enviro.ci.portland.or.us/sds.htm |rxiTdi»uimrrg]^ Accessed February 14, 2001. Clemson Extension Office. No date. Storm Drain Stenciling South Carolina "Paint The Drain" Campaign. [http://virtual.clemson.edu/aroups/wateraualitv/STENCILHTM |>:xiTdi»u.mcr>|]_ Accessed February 14, 2001. Friends of the Mississippi River. 2000. Storm Drain Stenciling Program. [http://www.fmr.ora/stencll.html lKMTdi»uim»>l]. Last updated 2000. Accessed February 14, 2001. Communities With Pre-Cast Storm Drain Message Web Site: Westchester County Department of Planning. 2001. New Catch Basins Curb Polluters. m Storm Drain Stenciling Tips NOTE: You may check out the storm drain stencil and a stenciling kit with the necessary paint, brushes, and other materials from: I Love A Clean San Diego, Inc. 4891 Pacific Highway, Suite 115 San Diego, CA 92110 (619) 291-0103 Stencil Placement: The stencil needs to be painted above the storm drain. The stencil message should be readable from the roadside. If the curb is red, paint directly above the red area. UNO DUMPING-li^^ NO TIRE N ADA- GOES TO LLEGA AL MAR OCEAN IbSt •Please remember not sit/stand in the street while completing this project* Stenciling Steps: Wipe the street curb with cloth. The area to be painted should be as clean as possible so the paint will adhere properly. Place the stencil in the location you've selected. Use wide masking tape to tape only the perimeter of the first stencil without taping down the inside of the stencil itself. (This will form the 8" x 32" rectangular background for you to paint white.) Open white paint only. Stir paint with mixing stick. Paint the rectangular area white. USE PAINT SPARINGLY!!! Remember, neatness is very important. If your storm drains are relatively close together, paint all the white backgrounds first, then return to paint the Think Blue stencil so the white paint has time to dry. Very Important: Make sure the paint is dry. Then tape the Think Blue stencil (illustrated above) on top of the white background. Open the blue paint, stir, and dab the blue paint sparingly using the Think Blue stencil. 4« TIPS: If painting a rough surface, firmly hold down the stencil and dab (don't brush) the letters and the figure. Be careful not to get paint underneath the stencil. The key to success is to USE AS LITTLE PAINT ON YOUR BRUSH AS POSSIBLE. When finished painting, wipe off any paint on the outside of the container and tightly replace the lid to the paint. Anytime you stop painting for more than a couple minutes, place the brush in its plastic bag to keep the brush from drying. Integrated Pest Management Principles m HEALTHY GARDEN ^ HEALTHY HOME Safe Pest Contro! Information - www.projectcleanwatenorg 4lM Most of us don't do anything about pests until we are overrun, and then what do we do? Spray. Spray again. And spray some more. The trouble with spraying is...a ton of prevention only gets you an ounce of cure. More and more, pesticides are coming into contact with our water resources. Hot Topic: New IPM Videos StPest identification and damage posters What is a watershed? You live in one. We all do. For more about watersheds click here. You might say, "I'd never dump pesticides in the water". Most of us wouldn't,..but we probably do it and don't even know it. Too much pesticide used outdoors will end up in our lakes, beaches, and bays when it rains or when we over-water. The same with excess fertilizer - it can be too much of a good thing. Accidental contact with pesticides can also harm our pets and children. Healthy Garden - Healthy Home is a new program giving you the opportunity to improve our water resources. The tip cards below have simple steps that you can do at home and in the yard to protect your children, your pets, and your watershed. Healthy Garden - Healthy Home helps you reduce pesticide use and increase use of less-toxic alternatives. How? "Integrated Pest Management", or IPM. IPM is a game plan to take control of those pests and weeds in a way that cuts risks to human health and the environment. It's about - yard. "'^k^ Stopping pests before they take over your home & "^1^ Using less-toxic alternatives to pesticides, and Learning how to use pesticides responsibly and only when You score big with IPM and you still keep your lawn and garden looking good! necessary. For information on Decollate snails - Click here or Call a Master Gardener at the Home Gardening and Pest Management Hot Line 858.694.2860 Fight the Bite - West Nile Virus Information Event Calendar ^ Click here to see a calendar of up coming IPM events and workshops. p' Click here to see participating Garden Centers. Retail Nursery Newsletters Februarv 2006 January 2006 December 2005 November 2005 October 2005 September 2005 Tip Cards - Add these Pest Tip cards to your home & garden playbook and start your full-court press today. Remember, in IPM, the best defense beats the best offense. p Ants Aphid • Cockroaches ^ Earwigs Fleas p Giant White Fly 1^ Good "Bugs" Tip Cards in Spanish • Las hormigas p Afidos o pulqones • Las cucarachas p Los barrenadores P Las pulgas p Manejo Integrado de Plagas p Head Lice p Lawn Insects P Safe Use • Snails and Slugs p- Spiders p Termites • El piojo del cabello p Insectos del cesped p Uso y desecho seouro de pesticidas P Caracoles y babosas P Las arafias p Las termitas I University of California • Agriculture and Natural Re 5oarces^ • UC IPM Online STATEWIDE INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT PROGRAM ^ Pesticides and Water Quality What is IPM? Back to Urban Water Quality Integrated pest management (IPM) is an ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long- term prevention of pests or their damage through a combination of techniques such as biological control, habitat manipulation, modification of cultural practices, and use of resistant varieties. Pesticides are used only after monitoring indicates they are needed according to established guidelines, and treatments are made with the goal of removing only the target organism. Pest control materials are selected and applied in a manner that minimizes risks to human health, beneficial and nontarget organisms, and the environment. Remove weeds by hand or with hand tools instead of with herbicides. Use beer-baited commerciai traps to help trap slugs and snails. Apply sticky material to tree trunks to exclude flightless insects. I Home I Manage Pests | Resources 1 Research 1 Search j Statewide IPM Program, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California All contents copyright © 2004 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. For noncommercial purposes only, any Web site may link directly to this page. FOR ALL OTHER USES or more information, read Legal Notices- Unfortunately, we cannot provide individual solutions to specific pest problems. See How to manage pests, or in the U.S., contact your local Cooperative Extension office for assistance. AWATER/U/ipm.html revised: March 29, 2004. Contact webmaster. IJ n i V e r T t y a f f' a H f a r n i 3 - A r i c u 11 n r r and N a t u r I R e ^ n n r c e STATEWIDE IMTEI5RATS0 PEST \j3 •fea • Pesticides and Water Quality How Are Pesticides Affecting Water Quality? Contamination of creeks and rivers California creeks and rivers are being contaminated with pesticides, primarily diazmon and chlorpyrifos. These and other pesticides are not only a threat to aquatic life, but Aey can also affect the quality of our drinking water. For more information on surface water contamination, see the following U.S. Greological Survey reports: Back to Urban Water Quality • "Pesticides in Surface Water Measured at Select Sites in the Sacramento River Basin. California, 1996-1998" • "Pesticides in Surface Waters" • "Water Quality in the Sacramento River Basin. California. 1994-1998" For other USGS reports online see: • USGS Water Resources in California Online Reports Toxicity to living organisms All pesticides are toxic at some level, but organophosphates are among the most toxic pesticides to vertebrates. Both diazinon and chlorpyrifos are members of the organophosphate class of pesticides. Organophosphates are insecticides that contain phosphorus; they are nerve poisons and act by inhibiting important enzymes in the nervous system. Other classes of insecticides include carbamates, soaps and oils, botanical insecticides, pyrethroids, insect growth regulators, and microbials. Threat to aquatic invertebrates Diazinon and chlorpyrifos are the primary pesticides threatening surface water quality Diazinon and chlorpyrifos have been found in California waterways.The U.S. EPA's Office of Pesticide Programs provides sunmiary sheets describing risks related to these pesticides. • Diazinon • Chlorpyrifos Avoid the use of products that contain diazinon and chlorpyrifos Pesticide labels provide information on the ingredients contained in a product. Always read the label before applying a pesticide. • Learn how to read a pesticide label During the past decade diazinon and chlorpyrifos have been found in California rivers and creeks at levels that threaten aquatic invertebrates. Several other types of insecticides have the potential to cause harm, especially malathion, carbaryl, and the pyrethroids. All pesticides must be used with caution and should never be allowed to go into storm water, as their impact in some cases is not known. Environmental regulations Agencies involved in pesticide regulation and water quality: • California Department of Pesticide Regulation • California State Water Resources Control Board • U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Water Programs The Federal Clean Water Act of 1972 requkes that a written plan (called a Total Maximum Daily Load or TMDL) be developed for every water body that is impaired and does not meet water quality standards. Many California rivers and creeks have been identified as impaired. Find out more about the TMDL process and which water bodies have been identified: U.S. EPA TMDL Program California State Water Resources Control Board TMDL Program Illustration by Celeste Rusconi. I Home 1 Manage Pests | Resources | Research | Search | Statewide IPM Program, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California All contents copyright © 2004 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. For noncommercial purposes only, any Web site may link directly to this page. FOR ALL OTHER USES or more information, read Legal Notices. ^ Unfortunately, we cannot provide individual solutions to specific pest problems. See How to manage pests, or in the U.S., contact your local Cooperative Extension office for assistance. /WATERAJ/watqual.html revised: March 29, 2004. Contact webmaster. Pesticides and Water Quality How Do Pesticides Get into Our Creeks and Rivers? Back to Urban Water Quality Pesticides reach creeks and rivers through storm drains and household drains • When you apply a pesticide, some of the material may move to other locations. • Storm drains are frequently located in streets. Rain and runoff from garden and lawn irrigation runs down the streets through gutters into the storm drains. The runoff flows through pipes directly into our creeks, lakes, and rivers. • Sewers run from drains within the home and carry wastewater from toilets, sinks, and showers to treatment plants. • Pesticides travelingi through th« drairi system ^^^^^ * Illustrations by Celeste Rusconi. Wastewater treatment plants do not detoxify pesticides • While wastewater treatment plants send incoming wastewater through a thorough treatment and disinfectant process before releasing water into the river, they do not actually detoxify pesticides, thus sending residue into our waterways. How to avoid problems • Use alternatives to pesticides when possible. • If you must use pesticides, follow all instructions on the product label for proper use and be sure to store and dispose of all pesticides properly. I Home I Manage Pests | Resources | Research | Search I Statewide 1PM Program, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California All contents copyright © 2004 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. For noncommercial purposes only, any Web site may \mk directly to this page. FOR ALL OTHER USES or more information, read Legal Notices. Unfortunately, we cannot provide individual solutions to specific pest problems. See How to manaoe pests, or in the U.S., contact your local Cooperative Extension office for assistance. /WATERAJ/stormdrain.html revised: March 29,2004. Contact webmaster. I \ ' '' iJiiiine EGRATED PEST Pesticides and Water Quality What Are Safer Alternatives? Back to Urban Water QuaUty Learn how to Identify and manage many home and landscape pests Reduce diazinon and chlorpyrifos use on o Ants o Aphids o Cockroaches o Fleas o Lawn Insects o Spiders o Termites o Tree Borers Preferred IPM methods • Plant pest-resistant or well- adapted plant varieties such as native plants • Discourage pests by modifying the way you design, irrigate, fertiUze, and manage your garden • Alter the garden or home environment to deprive pests of the food, water, shelter, or other requirements they need to thrive • Keep pests out of the home and garden using barriers, screens, and caulking • Squash, trap, wash off, or prune out pests • Rely on natural enemies in your garden to eat pests, thereby eliminating the need for uisecticides that may end up in our waterways • Pesticides should only be used when nonchemical controls are ineffective and pests are reaching intolerable levels; choose them carefully so that the least toxic, most effective material is used Why IPM? Integrated pest management (IPM) uses environmentally sound, yet effective, ways to keep pests from armoying you or damaging plants. IPM programs usually combine several pest control methods for long-term prevention and management of pest problems without harming you, your family, or the envirormient—^IPM also reduces pollution in CaUfomia waterways. Successful IPM begins with correct identification of the pest. Only then can selection of the appropriate IPM methods and materials be made. Definition of IPM Illustration by Celeste Rusconi. I Home I Manage Pests j Resources | Research [ Search | Statewide IPM Program, Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California All contents copyright © 2004 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. — For noncommercial purposes only, any Web site may link directly to this page. FOR ALL OTHER USES or more information, read Legal Notices. Unfortunately, we cannot provide individual solutions to specific pest problems. See How to manage pests, or in the U.S., contact your local ^ Cooperative Extension office for assistance. A/VATER/U/alternative.html revised: March 29, 2004. Contact webmaster. PEST ^JOTES February 2006 Title Publ. Date PubL No. No. Pgs. Title Publ. Publ. No. Date No. Pgs. Annual Bluegrass rev. 4/03 7464 3 Anthracnose rev. 10/03 7420 4 Ants rev. 04/05 7411 6 Aphids rev. 5/00 7404 4 Apple Scab rev. 8/01 7413 3 Bark Beetles rev. 4/04 7421 4 Bed Bugs rev. 9/02 7454 2 Bee and Wasp Stings rev. 2/03 7449 3 Bermudagrass rev. 9/02 7453 4 Bordeaux Mixture 11/00 7481 3 Boxelder Bug 5/04 74114 3 Brown Recluse and Other Recluse Spiders 1/00 7468 4 California Ground Squirrel rev. 1/02 7438 5 California Oakworm rev. 6/00 7422 4 Carpenter Ants rev. 11/00 7416 2 Carpenter Bees rev. 2 04 7417 2 Carpenterworm 1/03 74105 4 Carpet Beetles rev. 4/01 7436 4 Clearwing Moths rev. 4/04 7477 6 Cliff SwaUows rev. 7/05 7482 4 Clothes Moths rev. 12/00 7435 3 Qovers 11/01 7490 3 Cockroaches 11/99 7467 6 Codling Moth rev. 12/05 7412 6 Common Knotweed 12/00 7484 2 Common Purslane rev 10/03 7461 3 ConenoseBugs rev. 11/02 7455 3 Cottony Cushion Scale rev 12/03 7410 3 Crabgrass rev. 9/02 7456 4 Creeping Woodsorrel and Bermuda Buttercup rev. 1/02 7444 4 DalHsgrass 11/01 7491 3 DandeHons 1/00 7469 3 Delusory Parasitosis rev. 8/03 7443 2 Deer 6/04 74117 3 Dodder 1/02 7496 4 Drywood Termites rev. 9/02 7440 6 Earwigs 9/02 74102 2 Elm Leaf Beetle rev 2/04 7403 6 Eucalyptus Longhorned Borers rev. 1/00 7425 4 Eucalyptus RedgumLerp Psyllid rev. 1/06 7460 4 Eucalyptus Tortoise Beetle 1/03 74104 4 Field Bindweed rev. 4/03 7462 4 Fire Blight rev. 10/03 7414 3 Fleas rev. 11/00 7419 4 Flies rev. 4/04 7457 4 7473 3 Fruittree LeafroUer on Ornamental and Fruit Trees 3/00 Fungus Gnats, Shore Flies, Moth Flies, and March Flies rev. 8/01 Giant Whitefly 1/02 Glassy-winged Sharpshooter 11/01 Grasshoppers 9/02 Green Kyllinga rev. 4/03 Hackberry Woolly Aphid rev. 6/05 Head Lice rev. 8/01 Hobo Spider 4/01 Hoplia Beetle 9/02 Horsehair Worms rev. 12/03 House Mouse 11/00 Kikuyugrass rev. 4/03 Lace Bugs rev. 12/00 Lawn Diseases: Prevention and Management 1/02 Lawn Insects rev. 3/03 Leaf Curl rev. 12/00 Lizards 10/04 Lyme Disease in California 12/00 Millipedes and Centipedes 3/00 Mistletoe rev. 2/06 5/04 Moles Mosquitoes 2/98 Mushrooms and Other Nuisance Fungi in Lawns 9/02 Nematodes 8/01 Nutsedge rev. 4/03 Oak Pit Scales rev. 1/04 Oleander Leaf Scorch 7/00 Olive Fruit Hy 12/03 Opossum 4/05 Pantry Pests rev. 9/02 Perennial Pepperweed 10/04 Pitch Canker 2/03 Plantains 6/00 Pocket Gophers rev. 1/02 Poison Oak rev. 5/01 Powdery Mildew on Fruits and Berries 11/01 Powdery Mildew on Ornamentals 11/01 Powdery Mildew on Vegetables rev. 11/01 Psyllids rev. 5/01 Rabbits rev. 1/02 Raccoons 6/04 Rats 1/03 7448 7400 7492 74103 7459 74111 7446 7488 7499 7471 7483 7458 7428 7497 7476 7426 74120 7485 7472 7437 74115 7451 74100 7489 7432 7470 7480 74112 74123 7452 74121 74107 7478 7433 7431 7494 7493 7406 7423 7447 74116 74106 (Continued on page 2) ^—I PDFs of these Pest Notes and HTML versions with color photos are available online at www.ipm.ucdavis.edu. UC^IPM For other ANR publications, go to www.anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES Page 1 of 2 PEST ^Q"^^^ TiUe Publ. Publ. No. Date No. Pgs. February 2006 (continued from page 1) Rattlesnakes 6/04 74119 Redhumped CaterpiUar 3/00 7474 Red Imported Fire Ant 4/01 7487 Roses in the Garden and Landscape: Cultural Practices and Weed Control rev. 7/03 Roses in the Garden and Landscape: Diseases and Abiotic Disorders rev. 10/03 Roses in the Garden and Landscape: Insect and Mite Pests and Beneficials 9/99 7466 Russian Thistle 12/00 7486 Scales rev. 4/01 7408 Scorpions 8/03 74110 Sequoia Pitch Moth rev 3/04 7479 Skunks 7/04 74118 SUverfish and Firebrats 3/00 7475 Snails and Slugs rev. 5/03 7427 Sooty Mold 3/03 74108 Spider Mites rev. 12/00 7405 Spiders rev. 5/00 7442 Spotted Spurge rev. 1/02 7445 Sudden Oak Death in CaUfornia 4/02 7498 Sycamore Scale rev. 12/00 7409 Termites rev. 5/01 7415 Thrips rev. 5/01 7429 Tree Squirrels 4/05 74122 Voles (Meadow Mice) rev 1/02 7439 Walnut Husk Fly rev 12/00 7430 Weed Management in Landscapes rev. 8/01 7441 Weed Management in Lavms 1/04 74113 Whiteflies rev. 9/02 7401 Wild Blackberries rev. 4/02 7434 Windscorpion 11/01 7495 Wood-boring Beetles in Homes rev. 11/00 7418 Wood Decay Fungi in Landscape Trees 3/03 74109 Woodpeckers 6/05 74124 Wood Wasps and Homtails rev. 12/00 7407 Yellowjackets and Other Social Wasps rev. 8/01 7450 Yellow Starthistle rev 7/03 7402 7465 4 7463 3 UC^IPM PDFs of these Pest Notes and HTML versions with color photos are available online at www.ipm.ucdavis.edu. For other ANR publications, go to www.anicataIog.ucdavis.edu. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA • AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES Page 2 of 2 Free Pest Notes for Home and Garden from the University of California Integrated Pest Management Program Annual Bluegrass Anthracnose Ants Aphids Apple Scab Bark Beetles Bed Bugs Bee and Wasp Stings Bermudagrass Bordeaux Mixture Brown Recluse and Other Recluse Spiders California Ground Squirrel CaUfornia Oakworm Carpenter Ants Carpenter Bees Carpenterworm Carpet Beetles Clearwing Moths Cliff Swallows Clothes Moths Clovers Cockroaches Codling Moth Common Knotweed Common Purslane Conenose Bugs Cottony Cushion Scale Crabgrass Creeping Woodsorrel and Bermuda Buttercup Dallisgrass Dandelions Delusory Parasitosis Dodder Drywood Termites Earwigs Elm Leaf Beetle Eucalyptus Longhorned Borers Eucalyptus Redgum Lerp Psyllid Eucalyptus Tortoise Beetle Field Bindweed Fire Blight Fleas Flies Fruittree Leafroller on Ornamental and Fruit Trees Fungus Gnats, Shore Flies, Moth Flies, and March Flies Giant Whitefly Glassy-winged Sharpshooter Grasshoppers Green Kyllinga Hackberry Woolly Aphid Head Lice Hobo Spider Hoplia Beetle Horsehair Worms House Mouse Kikuyugrass Lace Bugs Lawn Diseases: Prevention and Management Lawn Insects Leaf Curl Lyme Disease in California Millipedes and Centipedes Mistletoe Mosquitoes Mushrooms and Other Nuisance Fungi in Lawns Nematodes Nutsedge Oak Pit Scales Oleander Leaf Scorch Olive Fruit Fly Pantry Pests Pitch Canker Plantains Pocket Gophers Poison Oak Powdery Mildew on Fruits and Berries Powdery Mildew on Ornamentals Powdery Mildew on Vegetables Psyllids Rabbits Rats Redhumped Caterpillar Red Imported Fire Ant Roses in the Garden and Landscape: Cultural Practices and Weed Control Roses in the Garden and Landscape: Diseases and Abiotic Disorders Roses in the Garden and Landscape: Insect and Mite Pests and Beneficials Russian Thistle Scales Scorpions For more gardening publications, go to the ANR online catalog http://www.anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu Sequoia Pitch Moth Silverfish and Firebrats Snails and Slugs Sooty Mold Spider Mites Spiders Spotted Spurge Sudden Oak Death in (California Sycamore Scale Termites Thrips Voles (Meadow Mice) Walnut Husk Fly Weed Management in Landscapes Weed Management in Lawns Whiteflies Wild Blackberries Windscorpion Wood-boring Beedes in Homes Wood Decay Fungi in Landscape Trees Wood Wasps and Horntails Yellowjackets and Other Social Wasps Yellow Starthistle These guides and more information about Integrated Pest Management are available at http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu CALLfOHNL* Can't download? Visit your local UC Cooperative Extension office 4/04 Storm Water Education Only Rain in the Storm Drain! Storm Water Protection It's OUR Business! Did You Know... The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rain water away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Storm drains are not conneaed to sanitary sewer systems and treatment plants. Untreated storm water and the pollutants it carries flow directly to creeks, lagoons and the ^ ocean. Storm water pollution comes from a variety of sources including: • Oil, fuel and fluids from vehicles and heavy equipment • Lawn clippings, pesticide and fertilizer runoff from landscaping • Sediment and concrete from construaion and landscaping activities • Bacteria from human and animal waste • Litter The City of Carlsbad is committed to improving water quality and reducing the amount of pollutants that enter our precious waterways. Why do we need a clean environment? Having a clean environment is of primary importance for our health and economy. Clean watenways provide commercial opportunities, recreation, fish habitat and add beauty to our landscape. All of us benefit from clean water-and all of us have a role in making and keeping our creeks, lagoons and ocean clean. EVERYONE is responsible for protecting storm water! Storm Water pollution prevention is a shared duty between the City of Carlsbad and the Community. Storm drains on public property are monitored and cleaned by the City. Everyone has a part to play in keeping our storm drains free of pollutants. Methods used to prevent storm water pollution are called Best Management Practices (BMPs). Help keep our creeks, lagoons and ocean clean! Below are some BMPs you can use at home. Sweep or Rake • Sweep up debris and put it in a trash can. Do not use a hose to wash off sidewalks, parking areas and garages. Rake up yard waste and start a compost pile. Reduce Use of Landscape Chemicals • Minimize the use of lawn and garden care products such as pesticides, insecticides, weed killers, fertilizers, herbicides and other chemicals. Avoid over-irrigation which washes chemicals into the gutter and storm drains. Use Soap Sparingly • When washing your car at home, use soap sparingly, divert washwater to landscaped areas and pour your bucket of soapy water down the sink. Never wash your car in the street. Clean up After Your Pets • Take a bag when you walk your pets and be sure to always clean up after them. Flush pet waste down the toilet or dispose of it in a sealed plastic bag and throw it in the trash. Buy Non-Toxic Products • When possible, use non-toxic products for household cleaning. If you must use a toxic cleaning product, buy small quantities, use it sparingly and properly dispose of unused portions. For the Household Hazardous Waste collection facility nearest you, call 1-800-CLEANUP. What is the Storm Water Program? The City Is regulated by a municipal storm water permit that was issued by the State Water Resources Control Board. The City's Storm Water Program helps to ensure compliance with the permit by: • Inspecting Carlsbad businesses and requiring BMPs to prevent pollution ' Investigating and eliminating illegal discharges to the storm water system • Overseeing and conducting water quality monitoring programs • Educating the public about ways to prevent storm water pollution Are all discharges to the storm drain illegal? In the strictest definition, only rain water can legally enter the storm drain. However,the permit currently allows some types of discharges into storm drains when BMPs are used to reduce pollutants. Some examples include: • Landscape irrigation and lawn watering runoff • Dechlorinated pool water * • Residential car washing • Potable water sources • Foundation drains • Water line flushing How do I report a storm water violation? The Storm Water Program operates a hotline and an e-mail address to receive referrals about storm water pollution and illegal discharges and to answer questions about storm water pollution prevention. If you see someone dumping or washing waste or pollutants to the street or storm drain, please call the hotline at 602- 2799 or send an email to 5tormwater@cl.carl5bad.ca.us. This information is entered into the City's Request for Action system and is routed to the appropriate person for response. where can I get more Information? • Visit the City's website at www.ci.carl5bad.ca.u5/ cserv/storm.html to view brochures, documents or link to other water quality websites. • Call the hotline at 602-2799 to have Information sent to you. • To view a copy of the Permit, please go to http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/programs/ sd_stormwater.html. What is the City doing to keep our waterways clean? Significant efforts are being made by City departments to help keep our waterways clean. A few program activities are listed below: • Educating the public and City employees about storm water pollution prevention through our website, brochures, publications, workshops and public events • Inspecting construction sites to ensure that developers are implementing Best Management Practices • Implementing Best Management Practices at City facilities • Conducting industrial and commercial inspeaions to ensure businesses are aware of and complying with the storm water program requirements • Addressing storm water requirements for new development and significant redevelopment • Conducting water quality monitoring in the storm drain system and in our creeks, lagoons and ocean • Investigating reports of illegal discharges • Implementing a Watershed Urban Runoff Management Plan (WURMP) with the County and other North County cities to protect ail of our watenways Be Part of the Pollution Solution! Storm Water Hotline: 760-602-2799 I i i Storm Water Compliance Inspections The City of Carlsbad has developed an inventory of all existing commercial and industrial businesses and has prioritized them according to the type of business, proximity to the nearest water body and potential threat to water quality. Based on this prioritization, the City will be conducting storm water compliance inspections of all industrial and most commercial facilities within the City. These site inspections will include a meeting with business representatives, a walk-through of the facility, evaluation of current storm water best management practices and recommendations for additional measures that may be required to comply with the new permit and ordinance. In addition to the industrial and commerciai inspections, the City is also performing construction site inspections, conducting a comprehensive Strom drain monitoring program to detect pollutants, enforcing urban runoff requirements for new developments and conducting frequent cleaning of the storm drain system. Sanitary Sewer vs. Storm Drain What's the difference? The water that drains down a sink or toilet flows to the sanitary sewer and is treated at a wastewater treatment plant. The storm drain, on the other hand, is designed to carry rainwater away from streets, parking lots and driveways to prevent flooding. This water does not receive any treatment and flows directly into our creeks, lagoons and ocean. City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad CA 92008 Storm Water HOTIine: 760-602-2799 stormwater@ci.carlsbad.ca.us Printed on recycled paper Management Practices For BUSINESSES Commercial and Industrial ^.-&v#^fe^eity^of • -'Storm Water Protect rdgram Pollution Prevention Is Up to US! Did you know that storm drains are NOT connected to sanitary sewer systems or treatment plants? The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rainwater away from developed areas to prevent flooding. As rainfall flows over the ground, It picks up a variety of pollutants which flow directly to our creeks, lagoons and ocean. Pollutants of concern include: . Sediments • Fertilizers • Metals • Detergents • Pesticides • Organic Compounds . Trash and Debris • Oil and Grease • Bacteria and Viruses Pollution Prevention Is Up to US! Best Management Practices (BMPs) are procedures and practices you can implement to prevent pollutants and other hazardous materials from entering our storm drains. Once potential and existing sources of pollution have been identified, the next step Is to select proper BMPs to eliminate or reduce storm water pollution. Program staff is available to provide information and assistance in developing BMPs for your business. Each of us can do our part to keep storm water clean. Using BMPs adds up to a pollution solution! Good Housekeeping . Instead of using a hose or pressure washing system, try a dry clean up method! Use mops, brooms or wire brushes to clean dumpsters, sidewalks, buildings, equipment, pavement, driveways and other impervious surfaces. Wash water should be disposed to the sanitary sewer, NEVER to the storm drain. • Minimize the use of cleaning solutions and agents. • Keep site free of litter and debris. Place trash cans and recycling receptacles around the site to minimize litter. Preventive Maintenance • Keep equipment and vehicles in good working condition. Inspect frequently for leaks and repair as needed. • Gutters, storm drains, catch basins and other storm drainage features should be regularly inspected and cleaned so that pollutants do not accumulate. • Label storm drains to remind employees that discharge to these drains flows directly to our waterways. Materials Storage and Handling • When possible, store materials indoors or under covered areas not exposed to rain. If materials can not be stored under cover, place materials on pallets and cover with a tarp to avoid contact with storm water run-on and run-off. • Store liquids, hazardous waste and other chemicals in a designated area with secondary containment. Keep outdoor storage areas in good condition. Waste Management • Sweep up around dumpsters and other areas frequently to prevent trash from accumulating. • Place all trash inside dumpsters or containers until it can be hauled away. • Dumpsters should always be kept closed to prevent rainwater from entering. Never place liquid waste, leaky garbage bags and hazardous waste in a dumpster or trash bin. • Recycle cans, bottles, newspaper, office paper and cardboard. Call 1-800-CLEANUP for more information about recycling programs in your area. Vehicle Washing and Cleaning • Wash company vehicles at a commercial car wash, whenever possible. If vehicles are washed onsite, wash water must be contained and disposed of to the sanitary sewer. Spill Response • Use brooms and absorbents such as cat litter or sawdust to clean up small spills. Report significant spills to the Storm Water Protection Program and/or the appropriate spill response agencies immediately. • Write and keep current a spill response plan. Ensure that employees are trained on the elements of the plan. • Keep rags, damp mops and absorbents readily accessible. Dispose of waste properly. Employee Training • Discuss and distribute information on storm water pollution prevention during employee training sessions and at employee meetings. • Post good housekeeping tips and reminders on employee bulletin boards. • Inform subcontractors about the new storm water requirements and their responsibilities. For more information or assistance, please call 760-602-2799, t I I i I i t i t J t j i I What you should know before using Concrete and Mortar ... In the City of Carlsbad, storm drains flow directly into local creeks, lagoons and the ocean without treatment. Storm water pollution is a serious problem for our natural environment and for people who live near streams or wetlands. Storm water pollution comes from a variety of sources including oil, fuel, and fluids, from vehicles and heavy equipments, pesticide runoff from landscaping, and from materials such as concrete and mortar from construction activities. The City of Carlsbad is committed to improving water quality and reducing the amount of pollutants that enter our precious waterways. A Clean Environment is Important to AW of Us! City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, CA 92008 Concrete A Mortar Projects Best Management Practices for Homeowners and Contractors Storm Water HOTIine: 760 602-2799 storm water@ci.carlsbad.ca.u5 City of Carlsbad Storm Water Protection Program Storm Water HOTIine 760-602-2799 March 2003 t I I j i I Only Rain in the Storm Drain! Pollution Prevention is up to YOU! Did you know that storm drains are NOT connected to sanitary sewer systems or treatment plants? The primary purpose of storm drains is to carry rainwater away from developed areas to prevent flooding. Untreated pollutants such as concrete and mortar flow directly into creeks, lagoons and the ocean and are toxic to fish, wildlife, and the aquatic environment. Disposing of these materials into storm drains causes serious ecological problems—and is PROHIBITED by law. Do the Job Right! This brochure was designed for do-it- yourself remodelers, homeowners, masons and bricklayers, contractors, and anyone else who uses concrete or mortar to complete a construction project. Keep storm water protection in mind whenever you or people you hire work on your house or property. STORM WATER HOTLINE 760-602-2799 Best Management Practices Best Management Practices or BMPs are procedures and practices that help to prevent pollutants such as chemicals, concrete, mortar, pesticides, waste, paint, and other hazardous materials from entering our storm drains. All these sources add up to a pollution problem. But each of us can do our part to keep storm water clean. These efforts add up to a pollution solution! What YOU Can Do: • Set up and operate small mixers on tarps or heavy plastic drop cloths. • Don't mix up more fresh concrete or mortar than you will need for a project. • Protect applications of fresh concrete and mortar from rainfall and runoff until the material has dried. • Always store both dry and wet materials under cover, protected from rainfall and runoff and away from storm drains or waterways. • Protect dry materials from wind. Secure bags of concrete mix and mortar after they are open. Don't allow dry products to blow into driveways, sidewalks, streets, gutters, or storm drains. • Keep all construction debris away from the street, gutter and storm drains. Never dispose of washout into the street, storm drains, landscape drains, drainage ditches, or streams. Empty mixing containers and wash out chutes onto dirt areas that do not flow to streets, drains or waterways, or allow material to dry and dispose of properly. Never wash excess material from bricklaying, patio, driveway or sidewalk construction into a street or storm drain. Sweep up and dispose of small amounts of excess dry concrete, grout, and mortar in the trash. Wash concrete or brick areas only when the wash water can flow onto a dirt area without further runoff or drain onto a surface which has been bermed so that the water and solids can be pumped off or vacuumed up for proper disposal. Do not place fill material, soil or compost piles on the sidewalk or street. if you or your contractor keep a dumpster at your site, be sure it is securely covered with a lid or tarp when not in use. During cleanup, check the street and gutters for sediment, refuse, or debris. Look around the corner or down the street and clean up any materials that may have already traveled away from your property. A clean environment is important to all of us! E* •i^'H'DId ycu know that storm drains are h'^^^^OT connected to sanitary sewer t';^^$ysteiiis and treatment plants? ^he primary purpose of storm drains i^Wiy rainwater away from ^'v^-f^ide^elLped areas to prevent flooding. ttj^ Untreated storm water and the Ifis^ I j'liitdnts it canies, flow directly into U^i^'crechb, lagoons and the ocean. P -J!/ yeais, sources of water )n like industrial waters from ^faciC'i^ have been greatly reduced. IiJ^W5^HrAe/er now, the majority of water mph occurs from things like cars |f|;pil, fertilizers from farms and K; falling septic tanks, pet Bhd residential car washing into prm drains and into the ocean Kerways. M|;sources add up to a pollution ^1 But each of us can do small ^phelp clean up our water and Sis up to a pollution solution! What's the problem with fertilizers and pesticides? Fertilizer isn't a problem—IF it's used carefully. If you use too much fertilizer or apply it at the wrong time, it can easily wash off your lawn or garden into storm drains and tiien fiow untreated into lakes or streams. Just like in your garden, fertilizer in lagoons and streams makes plants grow. In water bodies, extra fertilizer can mean extra algae and aquatic plant growth. Too much algae harms water quality and makes boating, fishing and swimming unpleasant. As algae decay, they use up oxygen in the water that fish and other wildlife need. Fertilizer photo is used courtesy of the Water Quality Consortium, a cooperative venture between the Washington State Department of Ecology, King County and the cities of Bellevue, Seattle and Tacoma. Storm Water HOTIine: 760-602-2799 storm water@ci.car Isbad.ca.us City of Carlsbad 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad CA 92008 www.ci.carlsbad.ca.us ^^Printed on recycted paper How can YOU help keep the environment clean? p^lean environment is of importance for our health and Clean waterways provide ij^^^Tirn^fcial opportunities, recreation, •I'^M habitat and add beauty to our A ape. YOU can help keep our jilv^rGcks,^ lagoons and ocean clean by * ig the following tips: "".^.•'L n't blow or rake leaves and other ei^^ll^ycird waste into the street or gutter. J. Flecycle yard waste or start your own ^^f«^''Cornpost pile. 1«-Don't over Inlgate. Use drip .irrigation, soaker hoses or mlcro- 'spray system and water early in the morning. •t«4 pf^.*- if you have a spray head sprinkler ^'^T system, consider adjusting your hJ!^ W'ltering method to a cycle and ' Instead of watering for 15 K^jl^'A-" minutes straight, break up the I a-'?''. fat'. <ISM> session Into 5 minute intervals allowing water to soak in before the next application. Keep irrigation systems well- maintained and water only when needed to save money and prevent over-watering. Use fertilizers and pesticides sparingly. Have your soli tested to detemiine the nutrients needed to maintain a healthy tawn. Consider using organic fertilizers— they release nutrients more slowly. Leave mulched grass clippings on the lawn to act as a natural fertilizer. • Use pesticides only when absolutely necessary. Use the least toxic product intended to target a specific pest, such as insectiddal soaps, boric acid, etc. Always read the label and use only as directed. • Use predatory insects to control harmful pests when possible. • Properiy dispose of unwanted pesticides and fertilizers at Household Hazardous Waste collection fadlities. For more information on landscape irrigation, please call 760-438-2722. Master Gardeners San Diego County has a Master Gardener program through the University of California Cooperative Extension. Master Gardeners can provide good inf about dealing with specific pest plants. You may call the Mai,, Gardener Hotline at 858-69^/. check out their website at wwfw.masterqardenerssandieq -• „ The hotline is staffed Monda;. - 9 am—3 pm, by experienced gari'^ners who are available to answer spec f c ^"y^' questions. 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Conservar el agua llmpia " .1 f\ '-I"!-lona oportunldades para uses ayudar J"";'j mjii'.ner los arroyos, las lagunas, y el i limpios senclllamente sigulendo nsejos: arrerousar maqulnas is no permlta que las hojas rbol y el cesped recien cortado 3n en las alcantarillas o el ague • .-w- fjrefenble, convertir estos desperdicios del jardin en abono. Usar sistemas de irrlgacion de goteo y otras lecnicas de conservacion del agua son altamente recomendables. Es preferible regar por la manana. Los sistemas de rlego automatico son mas eflclentes si se programan .con ciclos de clnco minutos y mas ecuentemente para que el agua edezca blen la tierra. # Mantener los sistemas de imgacion limpios y en buenas condlciones es importante para reduclr el desperdlcio del agua. Regar solamente cuando sea necesarlo reduce el uso del agua y ahorra dinero. Para mas informadon sobre sistemas de riego llame al 760-438-2722. Los pesticidas y fertlllzantes deben usarse solamente cuando sea absolutamente necesario. Para mantener un pasto saludable se recomlenda hacer un analisis de la tierra para determinar cuales fertilizantes apllcar y en que temporada. Es recomendable usar fertlllzantes organlcos en vez de productos quimlcos. En ocaslones se puede dejar el sacate recien cortado sobre el pasto ya que actua como un fertilizante natural. El uso de pesticidas debe ocurrir solo como ultimo recurso. Es preferible usar productos que sean bajos en toxicos, porejemplojabones insecticidas, acldo borico, etc. Seguir las Instrucciones en la etiqueta y usar el producto correctamente evita contaminar el agua de riego y lluvla. Cuando sea poslble es preferible usar insectos predadores para controlar plagas. Los pesticidas y fertilizantes vencldos deben desecharse legalmente ilevandolos a los centros de coleccion de substancias toxicas localizados en varias ciudades del condado de San Diego. Llame al 760-602-2799 para obtener mas informadon. Master Gardeners El condado de San Diego y la Universidad de California Extension Cooperativa, han creado el programa de Master Gardener.' Los expertos de este programa estan disponibles para propordonar informacion sobre plantas y plagas. Usted puede llamar a la llnea de Master Gardeners al 858-694-2860 de lunes a viemes entre 9am y 3pm para obtener respuestas a sus preguntas. La paglna Internt masterqardenerssandiego.orq es otro recurso con Informacion sobre estos temas. Esta Informacion es totalmente gratis al publico. A Clean Environment is Important to AW of Us! In the City of Carlsbad, storm drains fiow directly into local creeks, lagoons and the ocean without treatment. Storm water pollution is a serious problem for our natural environment and for people who live near streams or wetlands. Storm water pollution comes from a variety of sources including oil, fuel, and fluids, from vehicles and heavy equipments, pesticide runoff from landscaping, and from materials such as concrete and mortar from construction activities. The City of Carisbad is committed to improving water quality and reducing the amount of pollutants that enter our precious waterways. A Word About "Biodegradable" Soaps "Biodegradable" is a popular marketing term that can be misleading. Because a product is labeled as biodegradable doesn't mean that it is non-toxic. Some products are more toxic than others, but none are harmless to aquatic life. Soapy water entering the storm drain system can impact an aquatic environment within hours. 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California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Diego Region, 2004 Basin Plan Triennial Review, Technical Report, September 8, 2004 3. San Diego Regional NPDES Storm Water Permit (Order Number 2001-01, NPDES Number CAS0108758), February 2001 4. NPDES General Permit for Storm Water Discharges Associated with Construction Activity Water Quality Order 99-08-DWQ, March 2003 5. State Water Resources Control Board, Resolution No. 2006-0079, Approving the Proposed 2006 Federal Clean Water Act Section 303(d) List of Water Quality Limited Segments for California, October 25, 2006 6. State Water Resources Control Board, Resolution NO. 2003-0009, Approval of the 2002 Federal Clean Water Act Section 303(d) List of Water Quality Limited Segments - Monitoring List, July 2003 7. San Diego County Hydrology Manual, Prepared by the County of San Diego Department of Public Works Flood Control Section, June 2003 8. Final Carlsbad Watershed Urban Runoff Management Program FY 04/05 Annual Report, January 2006 9. Project Design Consultants, Drainage Report - Bressi Industrial Lots 17 & 18, October 2006 10. ProjectDesign Consultants Drainage Report, Bressi Ranch Mass Grading and Backbone Improvement, February 2003 11. California Stormwater Quality Association, Stormwater Best Management Practice Handbook - New Development and Redevelopment, January 2003 12. National Menu of Best Management Practices for Storm Water Phase II, US EPA 13. Correspondence with the City of Dana Point, the City of Encinitas, and the City of Santa Monica 14. Protocol for Developing Pathogen TMDLs, US EPA 15. 2002 Aquashield, Inc. 16. 2003 Stormwater Management Inc. 17. AbTech Industries 18. Bio Clean Environmental Services, Inc. 19. Bowhead Manufacturing Co. 20. CDS Technologies, Inc. 21. Comm Clean 22. Hydro International 23. Invisible Structures, Inc. 24. Kristar Enterprises, Inc. 25. Soil Stabilization Products Company, Inc. 26. Stormceptor Technical Manual, Rinker Materials, January 2003 27. Stormwater Magazine May/June 2003 Issue 28. Ultra Tech International, Inc. 29. UNI-GROUPU.S.A. 30. Vortechnics Design Manual, 2004