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Home My WebLink About6618; AGUA HEDIONDA STREAMBANK RESTORATION; Archaeological Assessment Sunny Creek Erosion Repair; 2015-10-14 (10/14/2015) P:\HCR1504 - Agua Hedionda Creek Cultural\Report\AHStormDrainRepair_CulturalRpt.docx P L A N N I N GP L A N N I N GP L A N N I N GP L A N N I N G E N V I R O N M E N T A L S C I E N C E SE N V I R O N M E N T A L S C I E N C E SE N V I R O N M E N T A L S C I E N C E SE N V I R O N M E N T A L S C I E N C E S D E S I G ND E S I G ND E S I G ND E S I G N L S A A S S OC IA T ES , INC . 703 PALOMAR AIRPORT ROAD SUITE 260 CARLSBAD, CALIFORNIA 92011 760.931.5471 TEL 760.918.2458 FAX BERKELEY FRESNO IRVINE PALM SPRINGS PT. RICHMOND RIVERSIDE ROCKLIN SAN LUIS OBISPO October 14, 2015 Ms. Sherri Howard, Associate Engineer City of Carlsbad Public Works Department 1635 Faraday Avenue Carlsbad, California 92008 Subject: Archaeological Assessment for Storm Drain Repairs for the Sunny Creek Erosion Repair Project, near Agua Hedionda Creek, City of Carlsbad (LSA Project No. HCR1504) Dear Ms. Howard: LSA Associates, Inc. (LSA) completed a cultural resources study for a storm drain repair project within Assessor’s Parcel Number 209-040-15 near Agua Hedionda Creek in the City of Carlsbad (City). The study included a records search for the entire parcel, pedestrian survey, and this summary report. Archaeological and historical research included a records search and the examination of historic maps and aerial photographs. Sixteen documented archaeological investigations have been completed within a quarter-mile of the project area, one of which included a portion of the parcel. Nine cultural resources have been previously recorded within a quarter-mile of the project area, although none is within the parcel or project area. LSA conducted an archaeological field survey on September 29, 2015, of the 0.21-acre project Area of Potential Effects (APE). The survey consisted of an intensive pedestrian survey covering the project APE along Agua Hedionda Creek and an existing access road. No previously recorded sites were documented within the project APE and no prehistoric or historic sites, artifacts, or features were identified during the survey. Based on the literature search and field survey, the project APE retains a limited probability of containing cultural resources. The proposed project disturbance is limited to an existing unpaved road and the creek channel; therefore, archaeological monitoring is not recommended. PROJECT DESCRIPTION The City proposes the Sunny Creek Erosion Repair Project, which includes the repair of a culvert outlet and bank on Agua Hedionda Creek near Sunny Creek Road in the City of Carlsbad, San Diego County, California. Repairs will include stream bank stabilization, a culvert retrofit, and revegetation of the site area. The project APE is located along Agua Hedionda Creek, northeast of El Camino Real and College Boulevard as shown on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 7.5-minute San Luis Rey, California topographic quadrangle map (Figure 1). REGULATORY CONTEXT The project includes approval from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in accordance with Section 404 of the Federal Clean Water Act. Therefore, this project is a Federal undertaking and is subject to L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C . (10/14/15) P:\HCR1504 - Agua Hedionda Creek Cultural\Report\AHStormDrainRepair_CulturalRpt.docx 2 36 C.F.R. Part 800, the regulations implementing Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), as amended. The purpose of the NHPA is to provide guidelines for the preservation of national history and heritage as public interest. Additionally, the NHPA emphasizes the need to preserve our irreplaceable heritage for future generations. Section 106 of the NHPA requires Federal agencies to take into account the effect of any Federal undertaking on existing districts, sites, buildings, or objects that may be listed in, or eligible for listing in, the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The research was conducted to identify cultural resources. PROJECT PERSONNEL The cultural resources survey was conducted by LSA, whose cultural resources staff meets Federal, State, and local requirements. Ms. Natalie Brodie, M.A., RPA, served as Principal Investigator for the project. Ms. Brodie completed the survey of the project area and prepared the report. Ms. Brodie has a B.A. in Anthropology and Archaeology from the University of California, San Diego, an M.A. in Applied Anthropology from San Diego State University, and has more than 14 years of experience in the archaeology of Southern California. NATURAL AND CULTURAL SETTINGS Natural Setting The project area is located along Agua Hedionda Creek. The elevation on site is approximately 100 feet above mean sea level. The geology of the region includes mainly Cenozoic marine sedimentary rocks in the Peninsular Range. A late Tertiary marine deposit, the San Onofre Breccia extends from the Santa Monica Mountains to Oceanside, just northwest of the project area (Norris and Webb 1990). The climate of the region can generally be described as Mediterranean, with cool, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Lack of rainfall limits vegetation growth and habitat types adapted to the dry conditions of the region occur in the project area. The APE includes typical riparian habitat vegetation, including oak, willow, and poison oak. Terrestrial animal resources in the region include deer, fox, raccoon, skunk, bobcat, coyote, rabbit, and various rodent, reptile, and bird species. Cultural Setting San Diego County archaeological investigations indicate humans have inhabited the area for at least 10,000 years. Malcolm Rogers was the first to develop a cultural chronology of the region. In general, they can be divided into five consecutive periods: Paleoindian, Archaic, Late Prehistoric, Ethnohistoric, and Historic (Bull 1983; Ezell 1987; Moriarty 1966; Warren et al. 1993). The earliest sites in San Diego County are identified as the Paleoindian period (9,000 to 8,000 YBP [years before present]), and include the San Dieguito and Pauma complexes. The majority of these sites are located around inland dry lakes, on old terrace deposits in the California desert, and on or near the coast on mesas or terraces. The artifacts associated with this period are heavily patinated felsite tools primarily consisting of scrapers, scraper planes, choppers, large blades, and large projectile points. L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C . (10/14/15) P:\HCR1504 - Agua Hedionda Creek Cultural\Report\AHStormDrainRepair_CulturalRpt.docx 3 Around 8,000 years ago, changes in technology begin to appear in the archaeological record. During the Early Archaic period, there is an increase in the use of grinding and seed processing technology and a change in mortuary practices, indicating population movements or internal change (Moratto 1984). There is a marked increase in the exploitation of plant and animal resources inland and on the coast. Artifacts associated with this period include an increase of Pinto and Elko series projectile points, large bifaces, manos, metates, and core tools. The Late Prehistoric period is characterized by a series of dramatic technological changes indicating that around 2,000 YBP, people from the Colorado River area migrated to the Southwestern California region. This period is characterized by the appearance of smaller projectile points, ceramics, permanent bedrock milling sites, and cremation burials. There also appears to be an increase in the establishment of permanent or semi-permanent seasonal villages indicating a shift to inland plant food collection and processing. The Ethnohistoric period occurred shortly before Europeans colonized Southern California. Documentation by the Spanish and the material culture left by the native people indicate that at the time of contact there were four distinct native groups, Luiseño, Diegueño, Cupeño, and the Cahuilla (Kroeber 1925) in the area. During this period, the Native American populations dramatically decreased and were quickly assimilated into the mission system. The project area is located on the border of the Luiseño and Kumeyaay (Diegueño) territory. The Historic period in San Diego County is generally divided into three politically defined periods: Spanish, Mexican, and American periods. The Spanish colonists first settled the Southern California region in 1769 and established military and religious institutions along the coast. In 1821, Mexico won independence from Spain and California came under Mexican rule. By 1834, the Spanish missions had been secularized and large tracts of land, or ranchos, were granted to Mexican citizens. The project area is within the Rancho Agua Hedionda. Mexican rule ended with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildalgo in 1848 when California was ceded to the United States. History of Agua Hedionda and Carlsbad. Rancho Agua Hedionda originally consisted of 13,311 acres and was granted to Juan María Romualdo Marrón in 1842 by Mexican Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado (Christenson and Sweet 2008). The land had been used for sheep ranching to support Mission San Luis Rey, but following secularization, the rancho was converted to cattle ranching (Christenson and Sweet 2008). One of the main features at the Rancho includes the Marrón adobe, which was restored in the late 1940s (Christenson and Sweet 2008). The City of Carlsbad first began as a train stop and tourist destination when a mineral spring was discovered in the area in 1880s by John Frazier (Sprague-Bentley 2009). Frazier settled just south of Buena Vista Lagoon and, realizing the difficulty of farming without a reliable water supply, started to dig a well. Water was discovered at 245 feet in 1885 and the newly tapped mineral and artisanal well provided water to the Frazier farm and to thirsty railroad passengers stopping at Carlsbad (Carlsbad Historical Society n.d.). The discovery of water increased the land value by 50 percent nearly overnight. A school, general store, and hotels were quickly constructed to allow for new residents and tourists, providing new opportunities for industry and development (Sprague-Bentley 2009). The fledgling town, however, faced a dramatic decline in population after the initial boom in the late 1880s. L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C . (10/14/15) P:\HCR1504 - Agua Hedionda Creek Cultural\Report\AHStormDrainRepair_CulturalRpt.docx 4 Ed Fletcher formed the Carlsbad Mutual Water Company in 1919 to bring water from the San Luis Rey River and, by the early 1920s, agriculturalists and families had moved to Carlsbad. Floriculture excelled in Carlsbad, thanks to the mild climate and availability of water (Sprague-Bentley 2009). The incoming U.S. Highway 101 in 1928 provided additional opportunities for development in Carlsbad, although much of the surrounding area remained in agriculture for many years. METHODS Research A records search of the study area was performed at the South Coastal Information Center (SCIC), located at San Diego State University, on September 21, 2015. The SCIC provided records of all previous surveys, archaeological sites, subsurface investigations, and all historic resources over 45 years in age that are located within a one quarter-mile radius of the project area. Site records of archaeological sites and bibliographical references for all surveys and investigations within the one quarter-mile search radius were copied. Historic maps and aerial photographs were investigated and the following inventories were examined: National Register of Historic Places, California Register of Historical Resources, California Historical Landmarks, California Historic Properties Directory, and the California Points of Historical Interest. Field Survey The goal of the survey was to identify and document any cultural resources greater than 45 years in age per the Office of Historic Preservation Guidelines (1995). To accomplish this, a pedestrian survey of the project APE was conducted on September 29, 2015, by Ms. Natalie Brodie. The project APE was surveyed on foot along the existing access road and portions of the creek bank that were accessible. RESULTS Records Search The results of the search indicate that the APE had not been previously surveyed, although 16 previous studies had been conducted within a 0.25-mile radius of the APE (Table A). No cultural resources were previously recorded within the APE, but nine resources are located within a 0.25-mile radius of the APE (Table B). Table A: Previous Studies within a 0.25-Mile Radius of the APE Report No. Author Report Title Date SD-00103 Archaeological Planning Collaborative Archaeological Records Search and Field Survey, Palomar Airport Excess Effluent Pipeline, San Diego County, California 1980 SD-01498 Hector, Susan M. Archaeological Survey of Del Mar Financial Carlsbad, California 1983 SD-01579 Wade, Sue A., and Susan M. Hector Ph.D. Archaeological Monitoring of the Encina Gas Pipeline Project Profiles of Subsistence Patterns along the South Shore of Agua Hedionda Lagoon 1986 L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C . (10/14/15) P:\HCR1504 - Agua Hedionda Creek Cultural\Report\AHStormDrainRepair_CulturalRpt.docx 5 Table A: Previous Studies within a 0.25-Mile Radius of the APE Report No. Author Report Title Date SD-01605 Wade, Sue A. Archaeological and Paleontological Constraints for the Fox Property 1989 SD-01892 Smith, Brian F. Phase I Constraints Analysis Results of an Initial Cultural Resources Survey of the Palomar Airport Road and El Camino Real Road Widening Project 1990 SD-03528 Gross, G. Timothy, and Ruth C. Alter Archaeological Testing of a Portion of SDI-14,809, an Archaeological Site on a Segment of the South Agua Hedionda Trunk Sewer Carlsbad, California 1998 SD-04111 Seeman, Larry Draft Environmental Impact Report Revised Parks and Recreation Element, Carlsbad, California 1982 SD-04972 RECON Draft Environmental Impact Report for Del Mar Financial Carlsbad, California 1983 SD-06589 Robbins-Wade, Mary Archaeological Survey & Testing for the Terraces at Sunny Creek, Carlsbad, California 1997 SD-08742 Fink, Gary R. Archaeological Survey of the Proposed Letterbox Canyon Landfill Site, Project SS6401 1973 SD-09146 Tang, Bai, Michael Hogan, Josh Smallwood, Terry Jacquemain, and Laura Hensley Shaker Identification and Evaluation of Historic Properties San Diego County Water Authority Seawater Desalination Project in the Cities of Carlsbad, Vista, and San Marcos, San Diego County, California 2004 SD-09571 Guerrero, Monica C., and Dennis R. Gallegos City of Carlsbad Water and Sewer Master Plans Cultural Resource Background Study City of Carlsbad, California 2003 SD-11212 Wade, Sue A. Archaeological and Paleontological Constraints for the Fox Property (Recon Number 2078A) 1989 SD-12042 Guerrero, Monica, and Dennis R. Gallegos Cultural Resources Survey for the Cliff Hanger Project Carlsbad, California 2008 SD-12422 Ni Ghabhlain, Sinead, and Drew Pallette A Cultural Resources Inventory for the Route Realignment of the Proposed Pf. Net/AT&T Fiber Optics Conduit Oceanside to San Diego, California 2001 SD-13281 Zepeda-Herman, Carmen, and Harry J. Price Cultural Resources Survey for the Rancho Milagro, Carlsbad, California 2010 Table B: Previously Recorded Resources within a 0.25-Mile Radius of the APE Site Number Type Recorder and Year P-37-009698 (CA-SDI-9698) Prehistoric shell midden Hector (1983) P-37-009699 (CA-SDI-9699) Prehistoric shell midden Hector (1983) P-37-009700 (CA-SDI-9700) Prehistoric shell midden and habitation debris Hector (1983); Robbins-Wade (1997) P-37-009701 (CA-SDI-9701) Prehistoric village site Hector (1983) Robbins-Wade (1997) Cordova and Doose (2014) P-37-015592 (CA-SDI-14337) Prehistoric lithic and shell scatter Shultz, et al. (1996) P-37-015593 (CA-SDI-14338) Prehistoric shell scatter Shultz, et al. (1996) L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C . (10/14/15) P:\HCR1504 - Agua Hedionda Creek Cultural\Report\AHStormDrainRepair_CulturalRpt.docx 6 Table B: Previously Recorded Resources within a 0.25-Mile Radius of the APE Site Number Type Recorder and Year P-37-015594 (CA-SDI-14339H) Historic building/structure complex Shultz, et al. (1996) P-37-018241 Historic structure Whitehouse (1999) P-37-018242 Historic residence Whitehouse (1999) Field Survey The pedestrian field survey was completed by Natalie Brodie, M.A., RPA on September 29, 2015. No previously recorded sites were documented within the project APE and no new prehistoric or historic sites, artifacts, or features were identified during the survey. The majority of the APE is within an active creek channel (Agua Hedionda Creek) and the unpaved access road has been disturbed over many years (Photographs 1 and 2). Vegetation includes oak, willow, and non-native grasses along the creek bank. DISCUSSION Recent records search data indicate that no previously recorded cultural resources or historic properties are located within the current APE. The majority of the APE is within an active creek channel, and the surrounding area has been graded for an existing access road. No cultural material was observed during the pedestrian survey of the accessible portions of the APE along the creek banks. Because the APE is within the creek channel, the likelihood for cultural deposits is low. The proposed project includes removing existing riprap and stabilizing the eroded slope around a concrete storm drain. Based on the results of the records search and pedestrian survey, the proposed project will have no effect historic properties. No further work is recommended at this time. Sincerely, LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. Natalie Brodie, M.A., RPA Senior Cultural Resources Manager Attachments: Citations Photograph Sheet Figure 1 showing Project APE on a USGS 7.5-minute Topographic Map L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C . (10/14/15) P:\HCR1504 - Agua Hedionda Creek Cultural\Report\AHStormDrainRepair_CulturalRpt.docx 7 CITATIONS Bull, Charles 1983 Shaking the Foundations: The Evidence for San Diego Prehistory. Casual Papers, Cultural Resource Management Center, Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University. Carlsbad Historical Society n.d. History of Carlsbad. www.carlsbadhistoricalsociety.com. Accessed July 5, 2012. Christenson, Lynne N., and Ellen L. Sweet 2008 Images of America: Ranchos of San Diego County. Arcadia Press, Charleston, North Carolina. Ezell, Paul 1987 “The Harris Site—An Atypical San Dieguito Site or am I beating a Dead Horse?” In San Dieguito–La Jolla: Chronology and Controversy, edited by Dennis Gallegos, pp. 15–22. San Diego Archaeological Society Research Paper No. 1. San Diego. Kroeber, A.L. 1925 The Handbook of Indians of California. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 78. Smithsonian Institute, Washington. Reprinted in 1976 by Drover Publications, New York. Moriarty, James R., III 1966 Culture Phase Divisions Suggested by Typological Change Coordinated with Stratigraphically Controlled Radiocarbon Dating at San Diego. Canadian Journal of Anthropology. Moratto, M.J. 1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, Inc. San Diego, California. Norris, Robert M., and Robert W. Webb 1990 Geology of California. Second Edition. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York. Office of Historic Preservation 1995 Instructions for Recording Historical Resources. OHP, Sacramento, California. Sprague-Bentley, Jeannie 2009 Images of America: Carlsbad. Arcadia Press, Charleston, North Carolina. Warren, Claude N., Gretchen Siegler, and Frank Dittmer 1993 Paleoindian and Early Archaic Periods. An Historic Properties Background Study for the City of San Diego Clean Water Program. L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C .L S A A S S O C I A T E S , I N C . (10/14/15) P:\HCR1504 - Agua Hedionda Creek Cultural\Report\AHStormDrainRepair_CulturalRpt.docx 8 PHOTOGRAPHS Photograph 1: Eroded slope on south bank of Agua Hedionda Creek, view to southwest. Photograph 2: Project APE in Creek Channel, view from existing riprap toward the west. SOURCE: USGS 7.5' Quad - San Luis Rey (1975), CA I:\HCR1504\GIS\ProjLoc.mxd (10/6/2015) FIGURE 1 Agua Hedionda-Coman PropertyStorm Drain Repair-HCR1504Project Location 0 1000 2000 FEET LEGEND Project Location ProjectLocation San DiegoCounty ÃÃ56 ÃÃ78 ÃÃ76 §¨¦15 §¨¦5 Project Vicinity Project Location