HomeMy WebLinkAbout2019-06-25; City Council; Resolution 2019-110RESOLUTION NO. 2019-110
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CARLSBAD,
CALIFORNIA, APPROVING A COMPREHENSIVE DECORATIVE LIGHTING PLAN
FOR THE VILLAGE TO ADVANCE THE HEALTH AND VITALITY IN THE AREA.
WHEREAS, the City Council authorized a decorative lighting study to analyze existing lighting
conditions and provide decorative lighting recommendations in the Village to help advance the health
and vitality of the Village; and
WHEREAS, city staff and their consulting team undertook a study beginning in February 2018,
compiling an inventory of functional and decorative lighting, assessing the technical capacity of the
city's electrical infrastructure and analyzing best practices of comparable California cities; and
WHEREAS, the city facilitated meetings with the Carlsbad Village Association to get input on
lighting needs and proposed recommendations; and
WHEREAS, the Village and Barrio Master Plan informed the preparation of the comprehensive
decorative lighting plan to encourage pedestrian activity and economic growth; and
WHEREAS, recommendations from the decorative pedestrian lighting plan will be used to
inform future Village decorative lighting budget requests; and
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of Carlsbad, California, as
follows:
1. That the above recitations are true and correct.
2. That the City Council hereby approves the Carlsbad Village Decorative Pedestrian
Lighting Study Report (Attachment A).
PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED at a Regular Meeting of the City Council of the City of
Carlsbad on the 25th day of June, 2019, by the following vote, to wit:
AYES:
NAYS:
ABSENT:
Blackburn, Bhat-Patel, Schumacher, Hamilton.
None.
Hall.
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June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 6 of 139
ATTACHMENT "A"
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING STUDY
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MAY 28, 2019
CARLSBAD VILLAGE
DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN
LIGHTING STUDY
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Prepared for:
CLAUDIA HUERTA, VILLAGE MANAGER, CITY OF CARLSBAD
Prepared by:
PAUL ERICSON, P.E., IALD, STANTEC
SHANNON GLOVER, IALD, LEED AP, STANTEC
RICHARD BARRETT, ASLA, LEED AP, MIG, INC.
ANDY PENDOLEY, MIG, INC.
MAY 28, 2019
CARLSBAD VILLAGE
DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN
LIGHTING STUDY
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 10 of 139
2 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 3
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9
ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................11
GLOSSARY ............................................................12
1 VILLAGE AND BARRIO MASTER
PLAN (2018) 15
1.1 SUMMARY OF MASTER PLAN ....................15
1.2 ALIGNING WITH MASTER PLAN .................15
1.3 METHODOLOGY ..........................................17
1.4 DECORATIVE LIGHTING CASE STUDIES ....17
2 OVERVIEW OF LIGHTING DESIGN 19
2.1 HIERARCHY OF LIGHT ................................19
2.2 UNIFORMITY................................................21
2.3 GLARE .........................................................22
2.4 SPARKLE .....................................................22
2.5 COLOR .........................................................23
2.6 AESTHETIC ..................................................24
2.7 LIGHT TRESPASS ........................................24
2.8 LIGHT AND HEALTH ....................................25
3 EXISTING CONDITIONS 27
3.1 VILLAGE CENTER DISTRICT (MAJOR
COMMERCIAL STREETS) ............................28
3.2 HOSPITALITY DISTRICT ..............................34
3.3 PINE-TYLER MIXED USE DISTRICT– SOUTH
OF OAK AVENUE .........................................36
3.4 SECONDARY DRIVES, AVENUES AND
STREETS ......................................................36
4 RECOMMENDATIONS 45
4.1 VILLAGE CENTER DISTRICT (MAJOR
COMMERCIAL STREETS) ............................53
4.1.1 Key Intersections................................59
4.1.2 Train Station / Theatre Area ................63
4.2 HOSPITALITY DISTRICT ..............................66
4.3 PINE-TYLER MIXED USE DISTRICT ............70
4.4 SECONDARY DRIVES, AVENUES AND
STREETS ......................................................71
5 BUILDING FAÇADE LIGHTING 75
5.1 ACCENT LIGHTING / WALL WASHING ........76
5.2 SIGNAGE LIGHTING FOR PRIVATE
BUILDINGS ..................................................76
5.3 DECORATIVE SCONCES .............................77
5.4 ROOFLINE LIGHTING ..................................77
5.5 AWNING LIGHTING......................................78
6 ALLEY LIGHTING 79
7 POWER AND CONTROLS FOR ADDED
POLES AND LUMINAIRES 83
7.1 POWER ........................................................83
7.2 CONTROLS ..................................................83
7.3 ‘SMART LIGHTING’ CONTROLS &
METERING ...................................................84
8 MAINTENANCE 85
9 IMPLEMENATION PHASING AND
FINANCING 87
10 OPINION OF PROBABLE COST 89
11 CONCLUSION 91
REFERENCES ........................................................92
table of contents
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1 – Example of corner ambient luminescence, focal
glow and play of brilliants (photo credit Denise Fong) ..20
Figure 2 – Example of midblock ambient luminescence,
focal glow and play of brilliants (photo credit
lighting (photo credit Denise Fong) ...............................22
Figure 4 – Example of non-uniform lighting (photo credit
Jeff Fong) ......................................................................22
Figure 5 – Example of glare (photo credit Jeff Fong).........
......................................................................................22
Figure 6 – Example of well-shielded lighting (photo
credit Denise Fong) .......................................................22
Figure 7 – Example of sparkle (New Westminster, Front
Street, CanuckMediaMonitor.org) .................................23
Figure 8 – Color Temperature Scale (image from Google
search, no copyright evident) ........................................23
Figure 9 – Color temperature graph (image from Google
search, no copyright evident) ........................................23
Figure 10 – LED Acorn, similar to city standard ............24
Figure 11 – Bell-shaped luminaire with shepherd’s crook
style arm, similar to Carlsbad Station ...........................24
Figure 12 – Light trespass, sky glow (image credit
Department of Energy) ..................................................24
Figure 13 – Light trespass, unwanted light into
residences (image credit Dark Skies Awareness) ..........24
Figure 14 – Master Plan Study Area, Figure B-1 from
Master Plan (page B-4) .................................................27
Figure 15 – Carlsbad Village Drive ................................29
Figure 16 – Image of twinkle light-wrapped poles on
Carlsbad Village Drive ...................................................29
Figure 17 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Carlsbad
Village Drive) .................................................................29
Figure 18 – Image of Grand Avenue at Roosevelt Street
looking east ..................................................................30
Figure 19 – Image of Grand Avenue showing trees in
median, at Carlsbad Boulevard looking east ................30
Figure 20 – Image of tree-band lighting (photo credit
Chris Dragman) .............................................................31
Figure 21 – Image of fountain at Grand Avenue and
State Street ...................................................................31
Figure 22 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Grand
Avenue) .........................................................................31
Figure 23 – Image of State Street, portion without
twinkle lights in trees ...................................................32
Figure 24 – Image of State Street, with twinkle lights in
trees ..............................................................................32
Figure 25 – Map of existing lighting conditions (State
Street - partial) ..............................................................33
Figure 26 – Carlsbad Boulevard, showing landmark
sign and twinkle-light-wrapped lamp posts ..................34
Figure 27 – Village of Carlsbad sign, at Carlsbad
Boulevard near Oak Avenue (image credit Google Maps
Streetview) ....................................................................34
Figure 28 – “Coastal Helix” (2014, by Roger White Stoller)
at Carlsbad Boulevard and State Street (image from
artist’’s website) ...........................................................34
Figure 29 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Carlsbad
Boulevard) .....................................................................35
Figure 30 – Image of Tyler Street, looking north between
Walnut Avenue and Pine Avenue ..................................36
Figure 31 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Pine -
Tyler Mixed Use District) .........................................36
Figure 32 – Image of Oak Avenue .................................37
Figure 33 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Oak
Avenue) .........................................................................37
Figure 34 – Image of Christiansen Avenue with train
station in background ...................................................38
Figure 35 – Map of existing lighting conditions
(Christiansen Avenue) ...................................................38
Figure 36 – Image of Beech Avenue .............................39
Figure 37 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Beech
Avenue) .........................................................................39
Figure 38 – Image of Harding Street .............................40
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 5
Figure 39 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Harding
Street - partial) ..............................................................40
Figure 40 – Image of Jefferson Street ...........................40
Figure 41 – Map of existing lighting conditions
(Jefferson Street) ...........................................................41
Figure 42 – Image of Madison Street ............................41
Figure 43 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Madison
Street - partial) ..............................................................41
Figure 44 – Image of Roosevelt Street ..........................42
Figure 45 – Map of existing lighting conditions
(Roosevelt Street - partial) ............................................42
Figure 46 – Pedestrian-scale lamp post with acorn
refractor (image credit Google Maps Streetview) ..........43
Figure 47 – Bell-shaped lamp posts, typical of Train
Station (image credit Google Maps Streetview) ............43
Figure 48 – Image of Washington Street with HPS acorn
pedestrian lamp posts in background ..........................44
Figure 49 – Map of existing lighting conditions
(Washington Street).......................................................44
Figure 50 – Acorn luminaire option with glare-reducing
lens (Image A) ...............................................................46
Figure 51 – Acorn luminaire option with glare-reducing
lens (Image B) ...............................................................46
Figure 52 – Bell-shaped luminaire option with glare-
reducing lens ................................................................47
Figure 53 – Bell shaped luminaire option with more
modern aesthetic and glare-reducing lens ....................47
Figure 54 – Image of tree uplighting (large trees) ..........48
Figure 55 – Image of tree uplighting (small trees)..........48
Figure 56 – Branching tree uplighting schematic
elevation .......................................................................48
Figure 57 – Branching trees uplighting plan view..........49
Figure 58 – Branching trees uplighting plan view, wide
planter, corner condition ...............................................49
Figure 59 – Image of palm tree uplighting .....................49
Figure 60 – Image of palm tree uplighting .....................49
Figure 61 – Existing palm trees uplighting schematic
elevation .......................................................................50
Figure 62 – Existing palm trees uplighting, plan view ...50
Figure 63 – Bullet style uplight with glare shield ...........50
Figure 64 – In-grade style uplight .................................50
Figure 65 – Bullet style solar option with pole mounted
solar panel ....................................................................51
Figure 66 – In-grade solar uplight option with pole
mounted solar panel .....................................................51
Figure 67 – Sign lighting, bullet luminaires with snoots
for glare control.............................................................51
Figure 68 – Sign lighting, in-grade luminaires ...............51
Figure 69 – Sign lighting, signage-integrated lighting
aimed downward ..........................................................51
Figure 70 –Map of various Village district boundaries .......
......................................................................................52
Figure 71 – Custom bracket with Carlsbad logo,
idea 1 ............................................................................53
Figure 72 – Custom bracket with custom logo,
idea 2 ............................................................................53
Figure 73 – Village of Carlsbad Sign in Median (image
credit Google Maps Streetview) ....................................54
Figure 74 – Map of lighting recommendations
(Carlsbad Village Drive) .................................................54
Figure 75 – Submersible fountain light option – niche
mounted .......................................................................56
Figure 76 – Submersible fountain light option – base
mounted .......................................................................56
Figure 77 – Map of Lighting Recommendations (Grand
Avenue) .........................................................................56
Figure 78 – Map of lighting recommendations (State
Street) ...........................................................................57
Figure 79 – Residential-grade twinkle lights currently
used on State Street .....................................................57
Figure 80 – Commercial-grade twinkle lights for trees ......
......................................................................................58
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figure 81 – Twinkle lights parallel to street (Santa Cruz,
CA - Google 360 photo by Daniel Lanovaz) ..................58
Figure 82 – Roofline-mounted twinkle lights (Google
image search) ...............................................................58
Figure 83 – Commercial-grade twinkle lights with globes,
for catenary or roofline mounting ..................................59
Figure 84 – Map of lighting recommendations (Key
Intersections) ................................................................59
Figure 85 – Catenary Cable-mounted lighting example,
night time, Tacoma, WA (photo credit: Lauren
Hoogkamer) ..................................................................60
Figure 86 – Catenary Cable-mounted Lighting example
with color as primary feature, night time (D Street
Corridor, Boston, MA) ...................................................60
Figure 87 – Catenary Cable-mounted Lighting example
with color as primary feature, daytime (D Street
Corridor, Boston, MA) ...................................................61
Figure 88 – Catenary Cable-mounted Lighting with color/
logo as primary feature (Bourke Street Mall, Melbourne,
Australia) .......................................................................61
Figure 89 – Trees at Carlsbad Village Drive and Harding
Street ............................................................................61
Figure 90 – Trees at Carlsbad Village Drive and Jefferson
Street ............................................................................62
Figure 91 – Trees at Carlsbad Village Drive and Madison
Street ............................................................................62
Figure 92 – Trees at Carlsbad Village Drive and Roosevelt
Street ............................................................................62
Figure 93 – Geometric pattern projection (Ishoj Station,
Denmark) ......................................................................63
Figure 94 – Words projected as a pattern onto
sidewalks (Poland) ........................................................63
Figure 95 – Amorphous patterns projected onto
sidewalks (Rotterdam, Netherlands) .............................63
Figure 96 – Map of lighting recommendations (Train
Station / Theatre Area) ..................................................64
Figure 97 – Image of Washington Street at Christiansen
Avenue ..........................................................................64
Figure 98 – Sign at Entry from Grand Avenue (image
credit Google Maps Streetview) ....................................65
Figure 99 – Historic Santa Fe Depot in alley parallel to
Washington Street ........................................................65
Figure 100 – Entry sign at Christiansen Avenue
roundabout (image credit Google Maps Streetview) .....66
Figure 101 – Map of lighting recommendations
(Hospitality District) .......................................................67
Figure 102 – Map showing location of recommended
“beacon”, existing sign to be illuminated, and blocks
from Oak Avenue to Grand Avenue ..............................68
Figure 103 – Map of lighting recommendations
(Carlsbad Boulevard and Grand Avenue to
Beech Avenue) ..............................................................69
Figure 104 – Map of lighting recommendations (Carlsbad
Boulevard, north of Beech Avenue) ..............................69
Figure 105 – Map of lighting recommendations (Pine-
Tyler Mixed Use District) ...............................................70
Figure 106 – Map of lighting recommendations
(secondary east-west running drives and avenues) ......71
Figure 107 – Map of lighting recommendations
(secondary north-south running streets) .......................72
Figure 108 – Successful accent lighting .......................76
Figure 109 – Successful wallwashing ...........................76
Figure 110 – Successful storefront illumination
(image A) .......................................................................76
Figure 111 – Successful storefront illumination
(image B) .......................................................................76
Figure 112 – Decorative sconces complementing a
storefront, traditional aesthetic .....................................77
Figure 113 – Decorative sconces complementing a
storefront, modern aesthetic .........................................77
Figure 114 – Roofline-mounted twinkle lights ...............77
Figure 115 – Commercial-grade twinkle lights for
roofline mounting ..........................................................78
Figure 116 – Uniformly illuminated awnings and
signage .........................................................................78
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 7
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Figure 117 – Alley lighting when the building walls
abut the drive path ........................................................80
Figure 118 – Wall sconce with utilitarian aesthetic ........80
Figure 119 – Wall sconce with modern aesthetic ..........80
Figure 120 – Wall sconce with neutral aesthetic ...........80
Figure 121 – Wall sconce with traditional aesthetic ..........
......................................................................................80
Figure 122 – Alley lighting with pedestrian poles ..........81
Figure 123 – Bollard with modern aesthetic ..................81
Figure 124 – Bollard with traditional aesthetic ..............81
Figure 125 – Alley lighting with bollards for secondary
entrances to businesses ...............................................81
Figure 126 - Chula Vista (Image A) ................................96
Figure 127 - Chula Vista (Image B) ...............................96
Figure 128 – La Mesa downtown ................................100
APPENDIX A CASE STUDIES 95
A.1 City of Chula Vista .....................................95
A.2 City of Del Mar ...........................................97
A.3 City of La Mesa ..........................................98
A.4 Downtown Laguna Beach ........................100
A.5 Downtown Los Gatos ..............................101
A.6 Downtown Santa Barbara ........................102
A.7 City of Santa Cruz ....................................103
A.8 City of Solana Beach ...............................104
A.9 City of Ventura .........................................106
APPENDIX B EXISTING LIGHTING
CONDITIONS MAP 109
APPENDIX C EXISTING CONDITIONS
SUMMARY 111
APPENDIX D CARLSBAD VILLAGE LIGHTING
RECOMMENDATIONS MAP 118
APPENDIX E OPINION OF PROBABLE COST
TABLE 121
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 9
To that end, this report includes a discussion of
the existing functional lighting along with the
decorative lighting where necessary to present
a complete picture of the nature of the light
in an area. Taking advantage of the functional
lighting and supplementing it with decorative
lighting will enhance the pedestrian experience
in the Village by creating a sense of liveliness
which will increase pedestrian activity, and
ultimately, support economic growth.
A brief discussion of the basic principles
of lighting design will set the stage for the
recommendations that follow. In order to
understand the recommended changes,
it’s first important to take stock of the
existing conditions which are used as a
base to build from. In order to make this
study comprehensive, existing conditions
are presented first for each district, and
then recommendations for decorative
improvements are discussed. Further, the
complete picture of decorative lighting is
a combination of lighting in the public and
private realm. Façade lighting of Village
businesses is part of the private realm and is
controlled by the building owners. In many
instances, lighting of the alleys behind the
buildings is controlled by the business but is
of interest to the city from a safety, security
and placemaking standpoint. There are also
opportunities for more engaging lighting
in the alleys to create an atmosphere that
goes beyond the typical functional activities
of an alley. The sidewalks are entirely the
public realm and the lighting for them has
a clear functional requirement but presents
the opportunity to add a decorative element
through the style of fixture and different
lighting treatments. Each of these components
is integral to the fabric of a decorative lighting
plan.
The existing conditions and recommendations
described herein were developed as a joint
effort between city staff, urban designers at
MIG, electrical engineers and lighting designers
at Stantec, and community stakeholders. Site
surveys were conducted by Stantec to establish
existing conditions. Meetings were held
with the Carlsbad Village Association Board
of Directors to coordinate and develop our
This study aims to support economic vitality in the Village with a placemaking and decorative
lighting plan that will enhance public safety, enrich the pedestrian experience and attract
more people to area streets and businesses. This study used the streetscape vision and goals
of the 2018 Village and Barrio Master Plan to inform the basis of its recommendations for
decorative lighting. Although the purpose of this study is to address decorative lighting to
make the Village more appealing at night, part of that appeal is intrinsically tied to a visually
comfortable environment, which will by its very nature include the functional lighting.
executive summary
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10 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
recommendations for business façade lighting
and alley lighting. Case studies from other
cities were developed through questionnaires
administered by MIG.
The case studies from nine California cities of
similar size show an on-going conversion to
LEDs. Several of the case study cities are looking
at “smart city” applications, but none have
implemented anything yet. Twinkle lights and
decorative lamp posts are the most commonly
mentioned decorative elements. Several of
the cities believe anecdotally that attention
to decorative lighting has helped the nearby
merchants, but none have done independent
studies of their full impact. One independent
study from Liverpool, England reported a
significant positive impact form improved
façade lighting and that is discussed further in
Chapter 1.
Meetings with Village business owners revealed
several key considerations that informed the
recommendations in this report. First, they
noted that the Village seems to end at Grand
Avenue and State Street, although it continues
well beyond that, and they attribute that to
lack of continuity in the decorative pedestrian
and façade lighting. Second, they expressed
concerns about under-illuminated parking lots
and alleys that seem to foster a feeling of unsafe
conditions, which anecdotally was reversed
after one business’s alley lighting was upgraded.
Third, they were largely in favor of upgrading
their façade lighting, especially with the reduced
operating costs of LED over the traditional lamp
sources that most of them are using currently;
however, there was some apprehension about
the first cost of procuring and installing new
façade lighting luminaires. There is a chapter
included herein that discusses the variety of
components that make up building façade
lighting and alley lighting, to assist property
owners and business owners in their decision-
making regarding these critical areas, and to
enhance a cohesive sense of placemaking while
still allowing for individual styles. Parameters for
lighting styles, and attributes for lighting fixtures
are reviewed, and the lists of these elements
can be employed as a guideline by owners
and developers as properties are upgraded
or redeveloped. City staff can also use it to
review drawings that come through the city for
permitting.
• Define areas existing within the Village
Central District, and create distinct lighting
themes for these areas through the addition
of decorative lighting in the form of
pedestrian-scale lamp posts in most areas
and twinkle lighting, tree uplighting, or
artistic lighting in specific areas.
• Beautify the secondary streets, drives, and
avenues with common lighting themes
employed throughout, by adding decorative
pedestrian lamp posts to encourage
walkability and to provide a sense of safety
and facial recognition on all streets within the
Village Central District.
• Create and highlight “key intersections” to
encourage civic pride and sense of place at
specific intersections.
• Create “arrival beacons” at eastern and
southern Village entry points. An arrival
beacon was recently installed at the northern
Village entry.
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 11
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
• Illuminate existing Village entry signage and
city parking signage in a clear manner to aid
wayfinding.
• Encourage lighting design to be incorporated
into any future public art projects as part of
their design and/or installation.
• Provide examples of building façade and
alley lighting components, so that future
private lighting upgrades or new installations
are enabled to contribute in a positive way to
the visual fabric of the city and support the
hierarchy of lighting this study establishes as
a key to success.
Adding decorative pedestrian lighting, in a wide
variety of ways, will create a walkable, engaging,
and entertaining night-time environment for
Village visitors and residents alike.
ABBREVIATIONS
BUG Backlight – Uplight – Glare, an acronym describing the optical performance of
luminaires relative to light trespass, sky glow, and high angle brightness control, based
on zonal lumen calculations for solid angles, where backlight is light directly behind the
luminaire, uplight is light above 90-degrees, and glare is the visibility of ‘offensive light’.1
Rated 0-5 for each component, the higher the value, the more of the characteristic
CRI Color Rendering Index. This is a measurement that refers to the ability of a light source
to accurately reveal the colors of various objects as compared to an ideal light source.
For exterior lighting, a CRI of 70 is generally acceptable, but 80 CRI is preferred for
enhancing the quality of night time pedestrian activities.
The lighting design industry is moving towards a new standard for color fidelity called
TM-30, but for the purposes of this study, CRI is still useful as an applicable index.
HPS High Pressure Sodium. This is a lamp source, orange in color, primarily used for street
lighting.
IESNA; IES Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
LED Light-Emitting Diode
RGB Red Green Blue, the primary colors of light, the intermixing of which will create a wide
variety of other colors. Sometimes RGBA (Amber), RGBW (White), used to create softer
pastels than what are generally available with RGB
RP Recommended Practice, a document published by the IES on a variety of topics,
numbered according to subject. For the purposes of this study, the referenced RPs are
RP-8 Roadway Lighting, and RP-33 Lighting for Exterior Environments. These documents
are copywrited and available for purchase.
1 IESNA TM-15-11: Backlight, Uplight, and Glare (BUG) Ratings
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12 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
GLOSSARY
Acorn A traditional luminaire shape that is similar to an acorn. Also, the luminaire
itself.
Bollard A low-level post luminaire, usually less than 42” tall and integrated into its
post.
BUG Rating A measurement that stands for Backlight, Uplight and Glare. Ratings are from
‘0’ to ‘5’ determined by how much light is distributed in each of these zones
around the luminaire. For instance, a U0 rating would have no light going up
toward the sky.
Circadian Clock Humans and our bodily systems are tuned to a 24-hour clock also known as
our biological clock. Exposure to light can impact our entrainment and if out
of synchronization cause a host of health problems. Our exposure to light
can affect hormone release, eating habits and digestion and other bodily
functions. The total impact is not known at this time but research suggests a
connection to sleep disorders, obesity, diabetes, and some forms of cancer.
Cutoff Classification The classification system of the Illuminating Engineering Society of North
America (IESNA) that describes the light distribution of an outdoor luminaire.
Cutoff classifications define the luminous intensity limits in two illumination
zones that occur within the range of 80° to 180° above nadir.2 This
classification has been superseded by the use of BUG ratings.
Cutoff Luminaire IESNA classification that describes a luminaire having a light distribution in
which the candela per 1000 lamp lumens does not numerically exceed 25
(2.5%) at or above an angle of 90° above nadir, and 100 (10%) at or above a
vertical angle of 80° above nadir. This applies to all lateral angles around the
luminaire.3 This classification has been superseded by the use of BUG ratings.
Festoon Lighting Strings of lights suspended in an arcing shape between poles.
Glare The sensation produced by luminances [brightness] within the visual field
that are sufficiently greater than the luminance [ambient brightness] to which
the eyes are adapted, which causes annoyance, discomfort, or loss in visual
performance and visibility.4
2 www.lrc.rpi.edu Glossary
3 www.lrc.rpi.edu Glossary
4 www.lrc.rpi.edu Glossary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 13
Gobo A template (usually of steel or glass) used to shape a beam of light into desired
patterns.
LED Light-Emitting Diode; a semiconductor that emits light when conducting
current.
Light Trespass Light trespass occurs when spill light is cast where it is not wanted. Light
trespass is somewhat subjective because it is difficult to define when, where,
and how much light is unwanted. An example of light trespass is when spill
light from a streetlight or floodlight enters a window and illuminates an indoor
area.5
Pedestrian Scale Pole lighting that is mounted less than 15 feet above the ground.
Post-top A luminaire mounted to the top of a post, usually less than 15 feet tall.
Sky Glow Brightening of the sky caused by outdoor lighting and natural atmospheric
and celestial factors.6
Street Lights Luminaires extended via long arm from tall poles over a street, to illuminate
the street for vehicular traffic. Generally located at intersections, and mid-
block. Not to be confused with “traffic lights” or “traffic signals”.
Twinkle Lighting Small, clear lamps with visible filaments or diodes, usually attached to a cable,
and of minimal output so as to create a pleasing and not disabling sparkle
effect
5 www.lrc.rpi.edu Light Pollution Q&A
6 www.lrc.rpi.edu Glossary
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 15
The Master Plan discusses land use and
lays out guidelines thereto, provides
recommendations for maximizing connectivity
between the streets and neighborhoods
of the Village and the Barrio, establishes
design guidelines for future developments,
and proposes implementation plans for its
recommendations. This document builds
on the Master Plan by addressing decorative
lighting in ways that will help make the
spaces appealing after dark, drawing night
time crowds that enliven the spaces and
encourage economic growth. In order to
increase pedestrian activity, lighting must be
more than just functional: it should be another
layer beyond the strictly functional lighting
provided by the street lighting. It needs to have
some sparkle and have a hierarchy. Decorative
lighting is a combination of light in the public
realm (sidewalks, plazas and promenades) and
building and storefront lighting. While building
and storefront lighting is largely in the hands of
private building owners, the city can prescribe
decorative lighting for them by creating a set
of recommendations that will further enhance
the night time lit environment in a way that is
environmentally responsible and that supports
the overall vision.
Although this study is primarily concerned
with decorative lighting, to be successful
decorative lighting must work hand-in-hand
with functional lighting. Some comments and
recommendations will include the functional
lighting where adjustments are necessary to
optimize with the decorative lighting.
1.2 ALIGNING WITH MASTER PLAN
Key Village Recommendations
The Master Plan listed thirteen Key
Recommendations that pertain to the Village.
Several of them are outside the scope of this
report, but a few of them are harmonious
with the decorative pedestrian lighting
recommendations that will be discussed in
detail later. The relevant recommendations
include creating additional pedestrian
scrambles at some intersections, developing
public plazas at key intersections, converting
part of a street to a pedestrian promenade, and
1.1 SUMMARY OF MASTER PLAN
The 2018 Village and Barrio Master Plan is a comprehensive document prepared by a host of
designers, planners, and consultants in coordination with members of the City of Carlsbad.
It “establishes the vision for the ideal future character and development of the two areas
and sets forth the strategy or ‘roadmap’ for achieving that vision through goals and policies,
standards and guidelines, and an implementation plan”. [1]
1 | village and barrio master plan (2018)
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VILLAGE AND BARRIO MASTER PLAN
creating other civic spaces in the Village. For
these recommendations to be successful, each
of these places will need to be as appealing at
night as they are during the day. Harmonizing
the functional lighting with proper distribution,
glare control and color along with adding the
decorative lighting will help animate the spaces
after dark, encourage pedestrian activity and
increase patronage of nearby businesses,
especially restaurants.
Decorative lighting, for the purposes of this
study, embodies two concepts. The first is the
decorative pedestrian lamp posts. These are
the most obvious decorative element and the
primary one associated with the public realm
which is controlled by the city. The second is
the accent lighting which can take a variety of
forms including tree uplights, signage lighting,
twinkle lights, façade lighting and other “non-
essential” lighting. Each of these elements will
be discussed in this report.
Master Plan Lighting Recommendations
The Master Plan included a brief discussion of
Lighting in subsection E, Chapter 2. This report
expands upon those discussion points by
explaining their relevance, providing examples
and details of each, and recommending specific
courses of action to take for each street in the
Village.
1. Provide Exterior Building Lighting,
particularly in commercial and high-
pedestrian areas.
Illuminating a building’s exterior creates
an identifiable night time presence for the
building and contributes to the look and
feel of the street. With that said, not every
building needs lighting and buildings that
are illuminated should follow good design
practice so as not to create excessive light
pollution, visual clutter and/or glare to
the passersby. Since this lighting will be
at the discretion of the building owner
or developer, the toolkit will provide
recommendations for specific techniques.
In general, it will encourage illuminating
exterior façade details with accent lighting
or wallwashing, using the light from
within to create a lantern-like effect and
incorporating lighting for building signage.
2. Design or select fixtures that are
architecturally compatible with the
building.
This element is also in the purview of the
building owners, but the city can prescribe
how façade lighting is to be designed. See
Chapter 5.
3. Integrate fixtures that are downcast or
cut-off type fixtures to prevent glare and
light pollution.
Design lighting in such a way as to prevent
the direct view of the light source from the
adjacent properties or uses, particularly
residential properties or uses.
4. Use energy-efficient lamps such as LED
lights for all exterior lighting along with
adaptive lighting controls to contribute
to energy conservation and potentially
reduce long term costs.
Each of these items above is incorporated into
the building façade lighting recommendations
for future upgrades to existing lighting and
new developments and are good strategies
to minimize detrimental effects on the
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 17
environment and people. The language provides
specific guidance to owners and developers
as well as those who will be designing in the
public realm for the city. These guidelines also
include color temperature and CRI requirements
and address glare control and light output for
functional and decorative lighting.
1.3 METHODOLOGY
This study was conducted over a period of 15
months. During that time Stantec made 10
site visits to document the existing conditions
through photographs, sketches and selective
illumination measurements. The results of
this data gathering are detailed in Chapter 3
Existing Conditions and shown in map format in
Appendix B, and in table format in Appendix C.
In addition, MIG conducted a survey with nine
California towns of a similar size and asked
representatives the same set of questions in an
effort to determine if there are commonalities
in how they approached urban lighting in their
cities.
The information gathered from both the existing
Village conditions and from the case studies
informed the recommendations herein.
1.4 DECORATIVE LIGHTING CASE
STUDIES
Telephone interviews were conducted with city
representatives from Chula Vista, Del Mar, La
Mesa, Laguna Beach, Los Gatos, Santa Barbara,
Santa Cruz, Solana Beach, and Ventura. Each
city representative was asked eight questions
designed to gather substantive data on the
existence of decorative lighting within each city,
including the means by which such lighting
was funded. Appendix A includes the complete
survey results along with photographs, if they
were provided by the city.
The decorative lighting was described most
commonly as decorative lamp posts and/or
string lights. There were a few cities with tree
uplights. Some cities are dark-sky-compliant, so
they do not have any decorative lighting. Some
cities have made improvements as recently as
2015 and others have not made changes since
the 1980s. Funding for improvements came from
grants, business district taxes and from the cities
themselves. The maintenance for anything on
public property was paid for by the cities. If it
was on private property, the property owners
paid for it. One city was offering matching grants
to encourage private property owners to add
string lights. For most cities, Christmas lighting
was the only seasonal lighting. Most cities have
either already converted to LEDs or are in the
process of doing it. No city has measured data
on increased sales/traffic or changes in safety
after they made improvements, but several cities
reported anecdotal results that the business
owners are happier with the additional lighting
and they perceive that traffic has increased.
Besides the case studies done specifically for
this document, the only publicly reported
study that measured the effects of decorative
urban lighting was done in Liverpool, England.
This study was highlighted in a lecture titled
“Light Fight” given by Denise Fong of Stantec,
in New York City in April, 2010. After making
improvements to the façade lighting of some
selected buildings, the city measured the results
with an independent evaluation. They found
that 88% of visitors agreed that the lighting
VILLAGE AND BARRIO MASTER PLAN
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scheme increased their enjoyment of Liverpool,
84% felt safer with the buildings illuminated
and 57% said they would spend more time there
because of the lighting scheme. The improved
lighting generated an additional revenue of £3.2
million to local businesses after the first phase
was implemented.
Additionally, the City of Alingsås, Sweden hosts
a light festival each year for a month in the fall.
Stantec’s Denise Fong attended in 2012 in the
role of installation team leader. Although it’s not
a direct comparison because it is a temporary
condition, the merchants report that their
revenues are higher during that time than they
are during the Christmas season.
Taken all together, the existence of decorative
lighting in a city appears to have a positive effect
on visitor attraction, the amount of time people
will stay in a given area, and their spending on
goods and services.
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VILLAGE AND BARRIO MASTER PLAN
A discussion of lighting design is important to inform the recommendations that are presented
later in the study. The practice of lighting design is a complex mixture of science and art. The
science centers around the technology of illumination, and how humans, animals, and plants
perceive light, as well as its effect on those lives. The artistic application of lighting is found
in how it reveals architecture and spaces, not just with what is illuminated but also by what is
left unilluminated.
How spaces and objects are illuminated gives
humans cues about emotions, the structure
or environment of a space, and wayfinding in
and through that space. Creating a lighting
hierarchy that includes each of these elements
helps define the spaces and not only make
them safe and functional, but also desirable to
be in after dark. The hierarchy can be defined
as the layers of light that are applied to an
area. Each layer has its own purpose, such as
the street area, the pedestrian zone and the
building façades and shop windows, but all the
layers work together to create a harmonious
environment. All of these aspects of lighting are
considered when making recommendations
for decorative improvement of a city’s lighting
scheme.
2.1 HIERARCHY OF LIGHT
Richard Kelly, one of the pioneers of
architectural lighting design, described three
qualities of lighting that create a hierarchy of
light: ambient luminescence, focal glow, and
play of brilliants. Ambient luminescence is
the general diffuse light that is all around us.
It is indistinct and soft in nature. Focal glow
applies to the limited areas that we want to
call attention to. In an exterior environment,
2 | overview of lighting design
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OVERVIEW OF LIGHTING DESIGN
that might be an illuminated sign, an uplit tree,
or a grazing light on a building façade. Play
of brilliants is something that happens only
occasionally and creates surprise and delight
in those who see or experience it. This could
include an illuminated fountain with sparkling
drops of water or a piece of art that reflects and
refracts the light or changes color over time.
They are most effective when you happen upon
them in an unexpected place.
Lighting for any space whether interior or
exterior, when well-conceived, will have a
hierarchy. The hierarchy allows the eye to travel
naturally over the entire space and be drawn
to the areas of most importance first, while still
perceiving the lesser illuminated features. In
exterior spaces, the hierarchy can be defined
as street lighting and pedestrian lighting
(ambient luminescence), façade lighting (focal
glow) and sparkle/artwork lighting (play of
brilliants). A wide variety of lighting types can
make up pedestrian lighting, but it’s generally
described in the form factors of lamp posts
and illuminated bollards. Festoon lighting, tree
uplighting, signage lighting, and urban feature
lighting (such as fountains or sculptures) are
all decorative lighting that contribute to the
pedestrian experience. Façade lighting refers
to how businesses illuminate their façades
and includes architectural feature lighting
(such as washing columns or walls with light),
decorative lighting (such as wall sconces), and
signage lighting. Organizing all of these different
elements into a hierarchy creates a comfortable,
fulfilling, and easily navigable night time urban
experience.
When we design environments, soft light
reminds us of cloudy days, shadowless and
Figure 1 – Example of corner ambient luminescence, focal glow and play of brilliants (photo credit Denise Fong)
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OVERVIEW OF LIGHTING DESIGN
indistinct, comfortable. This is ambient
luminescence. Sharp light is like a sunny day
or a glaring spotlight, bright and with distinct
shadows, and possibly causing some physical
pain. Light coming from above reminds us of
sunlight and sky, business and work, whereas
light coming from below recalls campfires and
candlelight, relaxation and familiarity. Usually
there is some combination of soft and sharp
lighting found in exterior environments. How
they work together to create a pleasant visual
scene is where design comes into play. For
instance, in Figure 1, the lamp posts provide
the ambient luminescence as lighting onto
the walking surface; and as objects, they also
provide the focal glow because of the brightness
of their diffusers. Also in Figure 1, various forms
of façade lighting provide additional focal glow,
whereas signage lighting around the entries
provides the play of brilliants. In Figure 2, the
lamp posts provide the ambient luminescence,
the backlit glass at the elevator and integrated
façade lighting both provide the focal glow,
and twinkle lights at the restaurant in the lower
left of the photo provide the play of brilliants.
Together these figures illustrate how a variety of
lighting fixture types and illumination intensities
can be used to create a harmonious picture in an
urban setting.
2.2 UNIFORMITY
Uniformity is the main component of ambient
luminescence. If it is constant with little
variation, we say it is uniform. If there are areas
that are brighter, and areas that are darker,
then we say the area is non-uniformly lit. Lack
of uniformity can be a good thing when it adds
interest (focal glow) to an environment: areas
that are highlighted are attention-grabbers and
can aid in way finding and create distinctions
Figure 2 – Example of midblock ambient luminescence, focal glow and play of brilliants (photo credit Denise Fong)
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Figure 5 – Example of glare (photo credit Jeff Fong)
that define the hierarchy of light. It can also be
a negative element if the contrast between the
lit and unlit areas is too great. This creates a
condition that can result in some level of visual
disability because the human eye has difficulty
adapting quickly to the variation in illuminance
levels. Figures 3 and 4 show the difference
between uniform and non-uniform lighting.
2.3 GLARE
Glare is a negative attribute and one that
lighting professionals work hard to avoid. It
means that a luminaire is too bright to be seen
comfortably and it will cause physical pain if
it’s viewed directly or can be highly distracting
if seen in one’s periphery. Careful luminaire
design, that shields the lamps from direct view,
and appropriate luminaire placement are ways
that glare is avoided. Figures 5 and 6 show
examples of light fixtures that create glare, and
light fixtures that are well-shielded.
2.4 SPARKLE
Sparkle or play of brilliants is a positive
attribute, one that generates interest and
stimulates the spirit when used deliberately and
sparingly. In Carlsbad Village, an example of
sparkle is found in the twinkle lights along State
Street. Figure 7 shows an example of sparkle.
Figure 6 – Example of well-shielded lighting (photo
credit Denise Fong)
Figure 4 – Example of non-uniform lighting (photo credit
Jeff Fong)
Figure 3 – Example of uniform lighting (photo credit
Denise Fong)
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2.5 COLOR
With the rise in the adoption of LED sources for
area lighting, colored light is becoming prevalent
in outdoor environments. A consequence of
that prevalence, though, is that colored lighting
is most effective when used sparingly as its
overuse can minimize its distinctiveness. Even
so-called “white” light has a color associated
with it. It can be a warm white, or a cool white,
or something in between. These different
colors are described in terms of degrees of
Kelvin (K), or color temperature. Higher Kelvin
temperatures are much cooler, and on the
blue end of the spectrum while lower Kelvin
temperatures are much warmer, and on the red
end of the spectrum. Color-matching white light
sources helps a community’s lighting plan to
feel deliberate and coordinated. As well, an LED
source with a higher CRI (80 or above) can add
to humans’ ability to perceive color distinctions,
which serves to enhance and beautify
the night time lit environment. Figure
8 shows an image of different color
temperatures in ascending order, with
luminaires lighting a white wall. Figure
9 is a graph of how a variety of color
temperatures may be used in familiar
settings.
See the Light and Health section below
for further discussion of this topic.
Figure 8 – Color Temperature Scale (image from Google
search, no copyright evident)
Figure 9 – Color temperature graph (image from Google search, no
copyright evident)
Figure 7 – Example of sparkle (New Westminster, Front
Street, CanuckMediaMonitor.org)
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2.6 AESTHETIC
What does the luminaire look like? Different
styles are evocative of different eras, locales,
and cultures. Using dissimilar colors can
emphasize distinctions in different areas, even if
the luminaires have an identical form. Carlsbad
Village is a place with a “small town beach
community” feel. Any luminaire style used in the
Village must also support that characterization.
Figures 10 and 11 show two examples of
luminaire styles that can be found within
Carlsbad Village.
2.7 LIGHT TRESPASS
Light trespass describes unwanted light falling
into other places. It can mean light that crosses
property boundaries, or light that escapes
into the night skies, creating a sky glow that
impairs the ability to see the stars. In all
cases, light trespass is considered a negative
attribute, and something to avoid by carefully
placing luminaires, and selecting those with
minimal unwanted distribution. Figure 12 is
an illustration of how electric lighting that is
misdirected becomes sky glow. Figure 13 shows
Figure 10 – LED Acorn, similar to city
standard
Figure 11 – Bell-shaped luminaire with
shepherd’s crook style arm, similar to
Carlsbad Station
Figure 13 – Light trespass, unwanted light into
residences (image credit Dark Skies Awareness)
Figure 12 – Light trespass, sky glow (image credit
Department of Energy)
OVERVIEW OF LIGHTING DESIGN
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how electric lighting can impact residential units
by flooding them with unwanted light during the
evening hours.
2.8 LIGHT AND HEALTH
Recent research suggests a connection
between high color temperature (blue end of
the spectrum) light sources at night and sleep
interruption and health concerns for humans.
The research is not dose-specific so the amount
or time duration of exposure to light is unknown.
Many early municipal LED lighting systems used
high color temperatures (4000K and higher) with
poor color rendering due to efficiency limits
at that time. There were negative reactions to
these very cool color temperatures and some of
those same cities are now replacing them with
warmer color temperatures. [2]
As the technology has evolved, warmer color
temperatures with high efficiencies and good
color characteristics have come on the market.
It is prudent to be cautious in color temperature
selection until further research is available.
This would suggest 3000K as the upper limit
for exterior lighting with 2700K for lighting that
creates focal glow. With a minimum CRI of 80,
white light in the 3000K color range will provide
an excellent quality of light with good color
rendering, which is one important aspect of
lighting that is both healthy for humans and that
renders a sense of public safety.
Shielding the directionality of the light so it does
not enter dwelling units is also critical. Selecting
fixtures that minimize output in the range of
70-90 degrees above nadir will minimize this
negative situation.
Lighting controls are an important consideration
for human, animal, and plant health.
Historically, exterior lighting has been turned
on at dusk and turned off at dawn. Everything
used to be on at full output whenever it was
energized; there were no intermediate light
outputs available. This was the case primarily
because the light sources commonly used (high
pressure sodium, metal halide and induction)
were not dimmable. LEDs of today that are
replacing the historic light sources have the
capability to be dimmed. This allows for the
control of street and pedestrian lighting to be at
its highest level during the busiest time of the
evening and dimmed down later in the night as
pedestrian and vehicular traffic is reduced.
Non-essential lighting such as that created
by luminaires fulfilling the focal glow and
play of brilliants functions in the lighting
hierarchy should be programmed to turn off
after the businesses in the areas close for the
night. Current energy codes require that this
function be built into new projects: San Diego
Municipal Code, Chapter 14 and the San Diego
County Code of Regulatory Ordinances both
detail curfew times for lighting and should
be consulted when determining what time
decorative will be turned off.
To follow suit, the city can set a curfew and state
that non-essential lighting must be turned off or
its output reduced after a specified time, even
for existing conditions, assuming the circuiting
and controls to accomplish that are in place.
These techniques result both in energy savings
and reduced light pollution.
OVERVIEW OF LIGHTING DESIGN
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Carlsbad Village street layouts are angled roughly 45-degrees counterclockwise from north,
following the angle of its coastline. For simplicity’s sake in this lighting study, the terms
“east”, “west”, “north”, and “south” are used to describe the Village’s layout as if it has been
rotated 45-degrees clockwise. This means that “east” is technically “northeast” and “west” is
technically “southwest”, and so on.
The Village and Barrio Master Plan, Appendix
B.3.4 (page B-4) gives a graphic map of the
boundary of Carlsbad Village, in terms of
“Village”, “Barrio”, and “Study Area (Village /
Barrio)” boundaries. This lighting study follows
the Village boundary, shown in solid black
outline in Figure 14.
The existing conditions can be divided into
four layers of light: the functional lighting on
the streets for vehicular traffic provided by 30
foot “cobrahead” style street lights; the lighting
on the sidewalks provided by a combination
of street lights and pedestrian lamp posts and
some minor contributions from façade lighting;
lighting in alleys from both building mounded
lights of various types and cobrahead poles;
and the decorative lighting from “twinkle”
lights wrapped around some pedestrian poles
and trees. Also in the category of decorative
lighting are building façades. The decorative
accent, sconce, and sign lighting installed on
Figure 14 – Master Plan Study Area, Figure B-1 from Master Plan (page B-4)
3 | existing conditions
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EXISTING CONDITIONS
façades is from a variety of sources and color
temperatures.
The street and pedestrian lighting has been
laid out in the Carlsbad Village over time,
as needs evolved. It is unclear whether any
standardized recommendations, such as the IES
Recommended Practice 8 for Roadway Lighting
has been used in determining luminaire spacing
and illuminance targets, but the RP-8 should
be used for all future development within the
Village. Currently all pedestrian lamp posts in
the Village use LED sources. Cobrahead street
lights are targeted for upgrade to LED on a
zone-by-zone basis as part of a future Capital
Improvements Project.
Existing street lighting is from mast arm
luminaires on 24’-26’ poles. Originally, 40-watt
induction-lamp units in residential areas and
100W luminaires in most other areas were
installed to replace High Pressure Sodium street
lights. The City is developing a plan to replace
the induction street lights with LED, and while
some of this work has been completed as units
fail, many of the luminaires have yet to be
replaced. Typical replacement upon unit failure
has been 40W in residential areas and 100W
elsewhere, with 3000K, Type III luminaires. At
signalized intersections, the color temperature is
4000K. The units that have not been retrofitted
are performing well below their rated outputs,
as is typical for luminaires of that age. All
existing induction street lights should to be
retrofitted as soon as possible.
Existing pedestrian lamp posts are hexagonal,
concrete posts, approx. 14’ tall, with new
LED acorn-style heads attached. The new
luminaires are typically 70W, Type V, 4000K.
These luminaires are considered to have a
cut-off distribution, meaning that the amount
of light exiting the luminaire above 90 degrees
from vertical is less than 2.5% of its rated lumen
output, and the amount of light exiting the
luminaire between 80-90 degrees from vertical
is less than 10% of its rated lumen output.
Cut-off is a term that has been superseded in
the lighting industry by the calculation of BUG
ratings. The BUG rating of these LED acorns is
B2-U2-G1. Additionally, there are acorn-style
refractor luminaires with High Pressure Sodium
lamps on hexagonal concrete posts, in one area
within the Village. HPS lamps are 2100K and
have very poor color rendering.
Existing twinkle lighting on State Street is
an incandescent, non-commercial grade
product that requires regular maintenance and
replacement a few times a year.
Existing lamp posts in the vicinity of the
Carlsbad Village (Railroad) Station are light
green in color, dual-headed, metal halide, bell-
shaped luminaires, dating from the time the
station was built in the 1990s.
Appendix B shows a map of the existing lighting
conditions. Appendix C is a summary of the
existing conditions in table format.
3.1 VILLAGE CENTER DISTRICT
(MAJOR COMMERCIAL STREETS)
Carlsbad Village Drive
Carlsbad Village Drive is the main east-west
access route through the Village from the I-5
freeway. It is heavily traveled with five lanes
and a central median. At the median directly
at the freeway offramp and onramp exists a
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EXISTING CONDITIONS
sign that welcomes visitors to “The Village
of Carlsbad”. In addition to regularly spaced
street lights (typically four at each intersection),
City Standard pedestrian lamp posts exist the
entire length of the street, from the freeway
offramps to the ocean. These are 14’ tall, with
hexagonal concrete poles, whose luminaires
have recently been replaced with cut-off LED
acorn-style heads. Starting at Madison Street
and continuing to the ocean, the top two or
Figure 15 – Carlsbad Village Drive
Figure 16 – Image of twinkle light-wrapped poles on
Carlsbad Village Drive
Figure 17 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Carlsbad Village Drive)
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30 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
three feet of the lamp posts are wrapped with
incandescent twinkle lights; see Figures 15 and
16 for representative images of this street and a
close-up of the twinkle light-wrapped lamp post.
Businesses (shops, restaurants, gas stations,
and the like) and parking lots line both sides of
Carlsbad Village Drive.
There is sufficient functional lighting on
Carlsbad Village Drive for a street as busy as it is,
with a constant combination of pedestrian and
fast-paced vehicular activity. The frequency of
the decorative pedestrian lamp posts creates a
uniformity of light that allows pedestrians to be
seen by drivers, and which clearly demarcates
the pedestrian zones. The building façade
lighting varies in degrees of success – some
façades contribute positively to the visual image
of the street, while others are lacking in design
quality. The building façades in essence form a
backdrop to the pedestrian lamp posts and as
such, the lamp posts seem to disappear against
some façades, but are prevalent against others.
The twinkle lighting wrapping some of the lamp
posts, notably, is not very obvious against such
backdrops. The Recommendations chapter
discusses ways to make the decorative lighting
more uniformly successful along this important
street. Figure 17 shows a map of the existing
pattern of street lights and pedestrian lamp
posts along the length of Carlsbad Village Drive.
Grand Avenue
Grand Avenue is an east-west street that dead-
ends at the I-5 freeway at its eastern end, and
dead-ends at Ocean Street at its western end,
and primarily has businesses on both sides.
From its eastern end until Roosevelt Street,
and from State Street to Ocean Street, the
only lighting is street lighting, with four poles
at all but one intersection, and between one
and three poles in the mid-blocks. Between
Roosevelt Street and State Street, twelve large
ficus nitida trees on each side of Grand Avenue
are fitted with metal bands holding three color-
changing LED luminaires each. See Figures
18 and 19 for representative images of Grand
Avenue, and Figure 20 for an image of the tree-
band lights. These luminaires alternately aim up
into the branches or down onto the sidewalks,
and the light output is poor. It’s unclear whether,
or how, the color is being controlled.
At the northwest corner of the intersection of
Grand Avenue and State Street, there is a feature
Figure 18 – Image of Grand Avenue at Roosevelt Street
looking east
Figure 19 – Image of Grand Avenue showing trees in
median, at Carlsbad Boulevard looking east
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 31
Figure 20 – Image of tree-band lighting (photo credit
Chris Dragman)
Figure 21 – Image of fountain at Grand Avenue and
State Street
Figure 22 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Grand Avenue)
EXISTING CONDITIONS
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32 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
plaza and fountain. Summertime events are
hosted at this corner, most notably the Carlsbad
Village Association’s weekly Flicks at the
Fountain. While lighting exists in the fountain, it
is non-operational. The original fountain lighting
is provided by round recessed luminaires most
likely incandescent. See Figure 21 for an image
of the fountain.
Grand Avenue’s lighting feels insufficient for
its level of commercial activity. While the
cobrahead street lights have been upgraded
with LED components, much of the light is lost in
the tree canopies. Additionally, the beauty of the
trees is not celebrated and is in fact lost in the
darkness at night. There is limited light available
at the pedestrian level, and facial recognition,
which improves the sense of safety, suffers as a
result. The Recommendations chapter discusses
ways to bring the lighting to a human level on
this street, to enhance its night-time appearance
and celebrate the beauty of its trees.
Figure 22 shows a map of the existing pattern
of street lights and tree-band lighting along the
length of Grand Avenue.
State Street
State Street intersects Carlsbad Boulevard at its
northern point and dead ends at Oak Avenue at
Figure 23 – Image of State Street, portion without twinkle lights in trees
Figure 24 – Image of State Street, with twinkle lights in
trees
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 33
its southern point. In addition to street lights,
in the two blocks between Grand Avenue and
Oak Avenue, State Street is illuminated with
city-standard pedestrian lamp posts with LED
acorn-style heads, alternating sides of the street.
From Grand Avenue north to its intersection with
Carlsbad Boulevard, State Street is lit with street
lights on alternate sides of the street, in a much
denser spacing than other streets in the Village.
See Figures 23 and 24 for representative images
of State Street. Figure 25 shows a map of the
existing pattern of street lights and pedestrian
lamp posts along the length of State Street.
Much of State Street has business frontage,
yet only two blocks contain lighting at the
pedestrian level. Its induction lamp cobraheads
have been partially replaced with LED modules,
and continuing that replacement will be
necessary for the street lighting to be successful.
The block of State Street between Carlsbad
Village Drive and Grand Avenue, which has
Figure 25 – Map of existing lighting conditions (State Street - partial)
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34 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
twinkle lights in the trees as seen in Figure 24,
feels better than the other blocks because the
twinkle lights add a feeling of festivity while
also casting light onto the building façades.
The Recommendations chapter discusses how
lighting can be improved on this street.
3.2 HOSPITALITY DISTRICT
Carlsbad Boulevard
The Carlsbad Village portion of Carlsbad
Boulevard extends from its intersection
with State Street at the roundabout at the
northern end, to Walnut Street at its southern
point. Carlsbad Boulevard is the spine of the
area designated as the “Hospitality District”
in the 2018 Village and Barrio Master Plan.
The Carlsbad Landmark sign is at Carlsbad
Boulevard’s intersection with Carlsbad Village
Drive, and north of that, in the block to Grand
Avenue, are city standard pedestrian lamp posts
with LED acorn-style heads on both sides of
the street. These lamp posts, similar to those
on Carlsbad Village Drive, have twinkle lights
wrapped around the top two to three feet of
the concrete lamp posts. See Figure 26 for an
image of this intersection. In the several blocks
north of Grand Avenue, Carlsbad Boulevard
is illuminated with street lights that alternate
sides of the street. At the intersection with
Christiansen Avenue there is a single street
Figure 26 – Carlsbad Boulevard, showing landmark sign and
twinkle-light-wrapped lamp posts
Figure27 – Village of Carlsbad sign, at Carlsbad
Boulevard near Oak Avenue (image credit Google Maps
Streetview)
Figure 28 – “Coastal Helix” (2014, by Roger White Stoller)
at Carlsbad Boulevard and State Street (image from
artist’’s website)
EXISTING CONDITIONS
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 35
light on the northwest corner, but at the Beech
Avenue intersection, there are four. South of
Carlsbad Village Drive, Carlsbad Boulevard is
illuminated with street lights only, alternating
sides of the street. At the intersection with Oak
Avenue, there are two street lights and at the
intersection of Pine Avenue, there are four. Near
the intersection with Oak Avenue is a stone
plinth with wording announcing visitors’ arrival
to the “Village of Carlsbad”. See Figure 27 for an
image of this sign. At the northernmost portion
of Carlsbad Boulevard at State Street, is a traffic
roundabout with an illuminated sculpture,
“Coastal Helix” (2014, by Roger White Stoller)
at its center point. See Figure 28 for an image
of this sculpture. Figure 29 shows a map of the
existing pattern of street lights and pedestrian
lamp posts along the length of Carlsbad
Boulevard.
Carlsbad Boulevard is mainly business-oriented
frontage with a high tourist draw due to its iconic
sign and its proximity to the beach. In the blocks
between Carlsbad Village Drive and Grand
Avenue, where there are pedestrian-scale lamp
posts, the lighting feels appealing and sufficient.
Beyond those blocks, however, there is
substantial drop off in illumination levels, which
coincides with a drop off in pedestrian activity.
The Recommendations section addresses ways
to enliven the entirety of the Hospitality District
along Carlsbad Boulevard and its side streets.
Figure 29 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Carlsbad
Boulevard)
EXISTING CONDITIONS
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3.3 PINE-TYLER MIXED USE DISTRICT–
SOUTH OF OAK AVENUE
The Pine-Tyler mixed use district was identified
as an eclectic neighborhood in the Village and
Barrio Master Plan, as it contains a variety of
residential and light-industrial uses that make
it suitable for future development of start-up
businesses, shops, restaurants, and live-work
units. It comprises Tyler Street and Roosevelt
Street, from Oak Avenue at their northern point,
to Walnut Avenue at their southern point, with
Pine Avenue forming the east-west axis between
Tyler Street at the west end, and the alley
between Roosevelt Street and Madison Street
at its east end. This district includes the notable
and historic Lola’s Market as its cornerstone.
Its current lighting consists of street lights at
intersections and mid-blocks. Figure 30 shows
a representative image of this district, taken
at Tyler Street. Figure 31 shows a map of the
existing pattern of street lights along the length
of Roosevelt and Tyler streets.
This district contains mainly day time businesses
along the west side of Tyler Street, and mainly
residences on the east side of Tyler Street and
Roosevelt Street. While some of the cobrahead
street lights have been upgraded to LED, not
all of them have and there is a large contrast in
illumination levels between the two sources. The
Recommendations chapter provides guidance
for how the lighting in this district must change
in order to support future pedestrian activity
and encourage economic growth, as well as
connectivity between the Village and the Barrio.
3.4 SECONDARY DRIVES, AVENUES
AND STREETS
Oak Avenue
Oak Avenue is an east-west street that dead-
ends at the I-5 freeway at its eastern end, and
dead-ends at Ocean Street at its western end,
with a mixture of residential lots and businesses
along its length. The Village blocks north of Oak
Avenue constitute the “Village Center” area of
town per the 2018 Village and Barrio Master
Plan. Its illumination consists of street lights
only, one at each intersection and one at each
Figure 30 – Image of Tyler Street, looking north between
Walnut Avenue and Pine Avenue
Figure 31 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Pine -
Tyler Mixed Use District)
EXISTING CONDITIONS
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 37
mid-block. See Figure 32 for a representative
image of Oak Avenue. Unlike Carlsbad Village
Drive and Grand Avenue, Oak Avenue is broken
by the railroad tracks; one must go around them
in order to reach the western portion of the
street. Figure 33 shows a map of the existing
pattern of street lights along the length of Oak
Avenue.
Oak Avenue has very few cobraheads along its
length compared to other similar streets in the
Village. As a result, the light feels very dark;
Figure 32 – Image of Oak Avenue
Figure 33 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Oak Avenue)
EXISTING CONDITIONS
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38 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
however, much of its eastern side is residential,
and the businesses along its length are mainly
open in the daytime and not at night. The
Recommendations chapter talks about how to
improve the lighting for pedestrians, in the event
that businesses become night-time oriented in
the future.
Christiansen Avenue
Christiansen Avenue comprises two blocks, with
the Train Station at its eastern end and Ocean
Street at its western end. It has both businesses
and residences, including the Carlsbad by
the Sea retirement community, as well as the
St. Michael by the Sea church, along its two-
block length. It is illuminated with street lights
only, one at each intersection and one at each
mid-block, and these cobraheads have not
yet been upgraded to LED. See Figure 34 for a
representative image of Christiansen Avenue.
Figure 35 shows a map of the existing pattern
of street lights along the length of Christiansen
Avenue.
Christiansen Avenue feels very dark, yet it’s
a critical connector to the transit hub at the
Train Station. The Recommendations chapter
addresses ways to make the lighting more
attractive to pedestrians.
Beech Avenue
Beech Avenue exists between Roosevelt Street
and State Street at its eastern end, and between
the railroad tracks and Ocean Street at its
western end. It is illuminated with street lights
only, one at each intersection, except for the
Figure 34 – Image of Christiansen Avenue with train station
in background
Figure 35 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Christiansen Avenue)
EXISTING CONDITIONS
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 39
block between Carlsbad Boulevard and Garfield
Street, where there are three City-Standard
pedestrian lamp posts with LED acorn-style
heads. This is the block where the Carlsbad
Historical Society has its home in the historic
Shipley Magee house (1887). See Figure 36 for a
representative image of Beech Avenue. Figure
37 shows a map of the existing pattern of street
lights and pedestrian lamp posts along the
length of Beech Avenue.
Beech Avenue is primarily residential use,
with some day time businesses as well as the
Army Navy Academy Sports Complex along its
length. Its cobraheads have yet to be upgraded
to LED and as a result it feels very dark. The
Recommendations chapter discusses Beech
Avenue’s intersection with the Hospitality
District and provides a plan for increasing its
visual presence and encouraging pedestrian
activity where needed.
Harding Street
IIn the Village, Harding Street runs between
Grand Avenue at its northern end, and up to
and beyond Pine Avenue at its southern end, its
southern end continues into the Barrio. Harding
Street is the first intersection one encounters
Figure 36 – Image of Beech Avenue
Figure 37 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Beech Avenue)
EXISTING CONDITIONS
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40 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
after exiting the I-5 freeway at Carlsbad Village
Drive. North of Carlsbad Village Drive, it is
illuminated by several street lights flanking both
sides of the street. South of Carlsbad Village
Drive, the street lights are less frequently placed,
with one at each subsequent intersection
and one at the mid-blocks. See Figure 38 for a
representative image of Harding Street. Figure
39 shows a map of the existing pattern of street
lights along the length of Harding Street.
Harding Street contains commercial, civic, and
residential uses and is a connection from the
Village to the Barrio because it leads to Pine
Avenue Park. Its cobraheads have not yet been
upgraded to LED and as a result the street feels
very dark. The Recommendations chapter
provides commentary on how to increase the
visual presence of this street and encourage
pedestrian activity between the Village and the
Barrio.
Jefferson Street
The Carlsbad Village portion of Jefferson Street
extends from Laguna Drive at its northern end
to Pine Avenue at its southern end, where it
deadends at the Senior Center. It is illuminated
with street lights on alternating sides north of
Carlsbad Village Drive, and from the west side
only south of Carlsbad Village Drive. See Figure
40 for a representative image of Jefferson Street.
Figure 41 shows a map of the existing pattern of
street lights along the length of Jefferson Street.
Jefferson Street is very similar to Harding
Street in its primarily residential and daytime
business uses. It has relatively few cobrahead
street lights that haven’t yet been upgraded to
LED. The Recommendations chapter provides
Figure 38 – Image of Harding Street
Figure 40 – Image of Jefferson Street
Figure 39 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Harding
Street - partial)
EXISTING CONDITIONS
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 41
commentary on how to increase the visual
presence of this street and encourage pedestrian
activity and connectivity between the Village
and the Barrio.
Madison Street
The Carlsbad Village portion of Madison Street
runs from Laguna Drive at its northern end to
Oak Avenue at its southern point. Madison Street
is illuminated with street lights on alternating
sides north of Carlsbad Village Drive, and from
only the east side of the street south of Carlsbad
Village Drive. See Figure 42 for a representative
image of Madison Street. Figure 43 shows a map
of the existing pattern of street lights along the
length of Madison Street.
Madison Street is mostly residential with a few
businesses. Its cobrahead street lights have not
yet been upgraded to LED. The spacing of these
street lights is not very dense and so in general,
it feels very dark. The Recommendations
chapter provides commentary on how to
increase the visual presence of this street and
encourage pedestrian activity and connectivity
between the Village and the Barrio.
Roosevelt Street
The Carlsbad Village portion of Roosevelt
Street runs from Laguna Drive at its northern
Figure 42 – Image of Madison Street
Figure 41 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Jefferson
Street)
Figure 43 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Madison
Street - partial)
EXISTING CONDITIONS
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42 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
end to Walnut Avenue at its southern point.
Roosevelt Street is illuminated with street lights
on alternating sides. At its intersections with
Carlsbad Village Drive and Grand Avenue, there
are four street lights. All other intersections
are lit with two street lights. See Figure 44 for
a representative image of Roosevelt Street.
Figure 45 shows a map of the existing pattern of
street lights along the length of Roosevelt Street.
Roosevelt Street is a mixture of businesses,
parking lots and the town Post Office, and its
street lights have been upgraded to LED. The
Figure 44 – Image of Roosevelt Street
Figure 45 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Roosevelt Street - partial)
EXISTING CONDITIONS
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 43
lighting is sufficient in areas where businesses
have augmented the street lighting with
additional building-mounted lights or parking
poles, but the lighting is very much geared
towards vehicles and not pedestrians. The
Recommendations chapter lays out ways
to improve the pedestrian experience along
Roosevelt Street in the areas where the
businesses currently are or will become night
time-oriented.
Washington Street
The Carlsbad Village portion of Washington
Street runs from Beech Avenue at its northern
end to Oak Avenue at its southern point. North
of Carlsbad Village Drive, in the block between
that and Grand Avenue, Washington Street is
illuminated on both sides with city-standard
pedestrian lamp posts with acorn-style refractor
diffusers and HPS lamps, that have not been
retrofitted with new LED acorn-style heads.
North of Grand Avenue, in one and a half
blocks between that and Beech Avenue, it is
illuminated with pedestrian-scale bell-shaped,
metal halide luminaires on light green lamp
posts that are typical of the Train Station area.
The half-block north of Christiansen Avenue, to
Beech Avenue, is unlit. The lamp posts that do
exist are on the east side of the street only. On
the west side are street lights, but only a single
street light exists between Christiansen Avenue
and Beech Avenue, and the area feels quite dark.
See Figure 46 for an image of the acorn-style
refractor diffusers, and Figure 47 for an image of
the bell-shaped lamp posts typical of the Train
Station area. Figure 48 shows a representative
portion of Washington Street. Figure 49 shows
a map of the existing pattern of street lights
Figure 46 – Pedestrian-scale lamp post with acorn
refractor (image credit Google Maps Streetview)
Figure 47 – Bell-shaped lamp posts, typical of Train
Station (image credit Google Maps Streetview)
EXISTING CONDITIONS
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44 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
and pedestrian lamp posts along the length of
Washington Street.
Washington Street is a short street connecting
the Train Station district with Oak Avenue and
is populated with businesses mainly north of
Carlsbad Village Drive. South of Carlsbad Village
Drive are an empty lot, a parking lot, and a few
businesses. The blocks north of Carlsbad Village
Drive, while sufficiently illuminated, are lit with
HPS which is a less-desirable source due to
its poor color rendering characteristics. South
of Carlsbad Village Drive there are no street
lights at all, and so the area feels very dark. The
Recommendations chapter offers suggestions
for how to make Washington Street a more
viable area for businesses and pedestrians.
Figure 48 – Image of Washington Street with HPS acorn
pedestrian lamp posts in background
Figure 49 – Map of existing lighting conditions (Washington Street)
EXISTING CONDITIONS
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 45
EXISTING CONDITIONSVILLAGE AND BARRIO MASTER PLAN
4 | recommendations
This topic will be covered in detail in Chapter 5
because decorative lighting improvements for
building façades are within the purview of the
business / building owners, and not the city.
Decorative Post Top Luminaires
in the Public Realm
The city has begun to standardize on a
luminaire for its pedestrian lamp post;
however, it is problematic for a few reasons.
The individual LEDs are visible from below
and from some angles they are very glary.
This distracts from the goal of having soft
illumination that bathes the area in light.
Instead, the luminaire should be designed
so that individual LEDs are minimized or not
visible from any normal viewing angles. It is
possible that the city standard luminaire has a
retrofit component, such as a lens accessory,
that solves the direct glare problem. In
addition, it is desirable that the luminaires to
match the color of the poles they are mounted
on. Since the poles are a grey concrete, the
luminaire heads should be in the silver/gray
range, or the poles can be painted to match
the color of the luminaire heads. BUG ratings
are used to classify fixtures relative to back
Types of Decorative Lighting
Before the recommendations for each district and street can be discussed in detail,
groundwork must be laid for the types of lighting that will feature prominently in the specific
recommendations. These are: decorative lamp posts in the public realm and on private
property, tree uplights, and city signage lighting. Building façade lighting also plays an
important part in the visual fabric of the urban night-time lit environment, as discussed in
Chapter 2 Section1 Hierarchy of Light.
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46 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
RECOMMENDATIONS
light, uplight and glare. Lower numbers indicate
less of each; higher numbers indicate more of
each characteristic. In Carlsbad, a luminaire
with a BUG rating not to exceed B2-U2-G2 will
provide the right balance of visual comfort and
overall light distribution that will create a soft,
comfortable and inviting light. The luminaire
should be standardized across the Village as a
whole; the exception being in the Train Station
area. Figures 50 and 51 are representative
products with the characteristics described
above. There are other fixtures on the market
that also meet these criteria.
The city should create a short list of products
that meet these criteria and should complete
an on-site, life-size mock-up using operable
luminaire samples (with cord and plug so that
they can be energized) before making a final
selection. This allows stakeholders to experience
the visual quality, examine the quality of
construction and verify the level of service the
manufacturer can provide. In order to reinforce
the character of the four areas described in
this report, the city can consider variations in
style and/or color to give some areas their own
identity.
Summary of luminaire criteria:
• LEDs should not be visible from normal
viewing angles, or should be shielded with a
glare-minimizing lens
• BUG rating should be B2-U2-G2 or better
• Luminaire finish should match the concrete
poles or the surface they are mounted on
• Color temperature should be 3000K
• CRI should be 80 or higher
• Luminaire should be compatible with ‘smart
lighting’ technology for future control
applications
• Luminaire should be evaluated for vandal
resistance
These criteria also apply to the Train Station
area bell-shaped luminaires as well. Examples of
potentially appropriate luminaires are shown in
Figures 52 and 53, or the existing luminaires can
be retrofitted if such components exist. The pole
and luminaire should be examined by a testing
company if retrofitting the components will be
considered.
In general, the guidelines found in the IES
Recommended Practice 8 for Roadway
Lighting should be followed to determine
luminaire spacing and illuminance targets.
This publication, known as RP-8, discusses
pedestrian lighting as well and is updated
periodically with new recommendations. The
most recent version is dated from 2014 and
states the following criteria:
• Average maintained illuminance in
footcandles (fc) for walkways that are
Figure 50 – Acorn
luminaire option with
glare-reducing lens
(Image A)
Figure 51 – Acorn
luminaire option with
glare-reducing lens
(Image B)
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 47
RECOMMENDATIONS
mixed vehicular and pedestrian in high
conflict areas is 2.0; minimum maintained
illuminance is 1.0, and average to minimum
uniformity is 4:0
• Average maintained illuminance in fc for
walkways that are pedestrian only in high
conflict areas is 1.0; minimum maintained
illuminance is 0.5, and average to minimum
uniformity is 4:0
• Average maintained illuminance in fc for
walkways that are pedestrian only in medium
conflict areas is 0.5; minimum maintained
illuminance is 0.2, and average to minimum
uniformity is 4:0
The most current version of RP-8 should be
consulted during the design and planning
phases after luminaires are selected.
The city currently uses 4000K street lights for
signalized intersections, 3000K street lights
elsewhere, and 4000K pedestrian scale lamp
posts. Although this can work to create a
hierarchy with color, there is mounting evidence
that 4000K illumination has the potential to be
detrimental to our health and the maximum
color temperature for exterior lighting should
therefore be capped at 3000K. Additionally,
multiple lamp color options create inventory
complexities for maintenance staff. The
recommended color temperature for luminaires
is at 3000K for all street lights, pedestrian lamp
posts, bollards, signage lighting, tree uplighting,
and fountain lighting, and 2700K for sconces and
twinkle lights. The city should standardize these
color temperatures for all new luminaires. The
minimum recommended CRI is 80 or greater for
all light sources.
Figure 52 – Bell-shaped luminaire option with glare-
reducing lens
Figure 53 – Bell shaped luminaire option with more
modern aesthetic and glare-reducing lens
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Decorative Lamp Posts on Private Property
When a private developer decides to use a lamp
post on their property, the selected lamp post
and luminaire should have the same qualitative
elements as the municipal luminaires, but the
style can be determined by the developer.
Summary of luminaire criteria:
• LEDs should not be visible from normal
viewing angles, or should be shielded with a
glare-minimizing lens
• BUG rating should be B2-U2-G1 or better
• Color temperature should be 3000K
• CRI should be 80 or higher
When located in the public right-of-way, the
developer must use the city standard lamp posts
and luminaires and use luminaire placement
spacing consistent with the city’s standards.
Tree uplights
Trees can be uplit from the ground with either
fully recessed fixtures or fixtures above grade
that are mounted to a small recessed foundation
or a spike. Fully recessed (in-grade) fixtures have
the advantage of being well-shielded and less
likely to be vandalized because they are less
apparent in the landscape. They can be difficult
to install around existing mature trees with large
root balls and require maintenance of ground
cover and low-level plantings so they do not
interfere with the beam of the light. Above-grade
fixtures, commonly referred to as bullet fixtures,
can be mounted on a spike so those elements
are easier to install around mature trees and
can also sit at about the same height as many
low growing plants, but because of that they are
more visible and more likely to be attractive to
vandals.
Figure 56 – Branching tree uplighting schematic
elevation
Figure 54 – Image of tree uplighting (large trees)
Figure 55 – Image of tree uplighting (small trees)
RECOMMENDATIONS
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 49
The goal of lighting deciduous or evergreen
trees with branch structures is to light
up the undersides of the branches, with
light continuing to travel into and through
the branch structures. This serves to
softly highlight the trunk, the leaves and the
undersides of the branches, and almost as
importantly, to bounce reflected light back
down to the human level where it lends a glow
to the environment. See Figures 54 and 55 for
example images of successful tree uplighting
from the ground. Figure 56 shows recommended
spacing and beam spreads for branching trees,
while Figures 57 and 58 indicate placement of
luminaires in plan view relative to the street.
This study is not proposing the installation of new
palm trees. The goal of lighting existing palm trees
is to graze light up the length of the trunk and light
the undersides of the fronds. Figures 59 and 60 are
example images of successful palm tree uplighting.
See Figures 61 and 62 for recommended spacing
and beam spreads for palm trees and luminaire
placement relative to the street.
Although different beam spreads and
placements are used depending on the tree
type, both techniques call attention to the
beauty of the tree and provide reflected light
that helps to shape the space. However, it is
Figure 57 – Branching trees uplighting plan view
Figure 58 – Branching trees uplighting plan view, wide
planter, corner condition
Figure 59 – Image of palm tree uplighting
Figure 60 – Image of palm tree uplighting
RECOMMENDATIONS
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50 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
important for the health of the tree that the
illumination be turned off for several hours
each night. It is recommended that tree
uplights are scheduled to turn off at the time
that the adjacent businesses close, or by 11pm
or midnight if adjacent businesses are not
regularly open during night time hours. San
Diego Municipal Code, Chapter 14 and the San
Diego County Code of Regulatory Ordinances
both detail curfew times for lighting and should
be consulted when determining what time
decorative tree lighting will be turned off.
Tree uplights and signage lighting should be
in-grade and protected by concrete collars
from pedestrians and landscape trimming
equipment. Above grade luminaires offer more
directionality for the aiming but may possibly
be damaged by landscapers and/or pedestrians,
so this is a consideration when selecting
luminaires. A very few solar-powered options
are also available, but often with limited glare
reduction options and color temperatures.
Figures 63, 64, 65 and 66 show examples of the
variety of luminaire style options.
City Signage Lighting
City signage consists primarily of parking lot
signs which are consistently designed with
similar elements of weathered wood slat
construction and branded teal-painted circle
Figure 63 – Bullet style
uplight with glare shield
Figure 64 – In-grade style
uplight
Figure 61 – Existing palm trees uplighting schematic elevation
RECOMMENDATIONS
Figure 62 – Exisitng palm trees uplighting, plan view
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 51
with a white-painted “P” in the center. They
are topped with a light green banner, and
sometimes read “Carlsbad Village”. While some
are identical, the rest are similar in theme. They
are not lit now and are difficult to see during
hours of darkness. They should be illuminated
in order to aid in wayfinding. As they exist,
they can be illuminated with lights installed
in the planting beds where they are mounted.
These luminaires can be either hard-wired or
solar operated, as the signs themselves present
an opportunity for concealment of auxiliary
batteries necessary for lighting fixture operation.
When installed in the planting beds and aimed
up, the luminaires should be supplied with glare
shields and lumen output should be limited
to 700 lumens. See Figures 67, 68 and 69 for
examples of signage lighting placements, and
Figures 63, 64, 65 and 66 in the tree uplighting
discussion for luminaire style options.
The signs may be due for a change-out as
the Village considers re-branding efforts. In
this case, new signs can be designed that
incorporate integral lighting into their design.
District and Street-specific Recommendations
The recommendations which follow are divided
into districts that encompass the primary streets
of the City as described in the Master Plan, and
as further defined herein. They are the Village
Center District, State Street, Hospitality District,
Train Station/Theater area, and the Pine-Tyler
Figure 65 – Bullet style solar
option with pole mounted
solar panel
Figure 67 – Sign lighting, bullet
luminaires with snoots for glare
control
Figure 68 – Sign lighting, in-
grade luminaires
Figure 69 – Sign lighting, signage-
integrated lighting aimed downward
Figure 66 – In-grade solar
uplight option with pole
mounted solar panel
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Mixed-Use District. Some segments of certain
primary streets fall outside the established
district boundaries, with the exception of
portions of Madison, Roosevelt and Washington
streets. These segments, along with other streets
outside the established district boundaries, are
termed secondary streets for the purpose of
this study. Madison, Roosevelt and Washington
streets do fall within the established Village
Center District boundary, but Madison and
Roosevelt streets are included in the section
on secondary streets, and Washington Street
is included in the Train Station / Theatre area
identified in this study.
The extents of each district are shown in the
color-coded map in Figure 70.
4.1 VILLAGE CENTER DISTRICT
(MAJOR COMMERCIAL STREETS)
As defined in the 2018 Village and Barrio Master
Plan, the Village Center encompasses the
core of the Village and comprises “continuous
commercial street frontage…to provide
destinations and workplaces in a walkable
environment that is centered around the main
Figure 70 –Map of various Village district boundaries
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destinations of the Carlsbad Village Station,
State Street, Grand Avenue, and Carlsbad
Village Drive” [1]. Carlsbad Village Drive is the
east-west spine of this district, with Grand
Avenue providing a supporting role. Further
classifications within the Village Center
District are already starting to exist and can be
supported and furthered by appropriate lighting
choices. State Street, between Carlsbad Village
Drive and Grand Avenue, is already one of the
most walkable streets in the Village, because of
its shade trees, layout of shops and restaurants
on both sides, and role as host to the weekly
Farmers’ Market events. As redevelopment
continues, the Village Center will ensure a
lively and ever-changing environment, where
there are a variety of activities for residents and
visitors alike.
Carlsbad Village Drive
Carlsbad Village Drive is the primary
thoroughfare to the Village from the I-5 freeway,
and therefore must immediately resonate as
the wow moment, giving visitors a “you have
arrived” sensation. From a branding perspective,
it’s a prime opportunity for staking territory with
the Carlsbad brand. The existing pedestrian
lamp posts are closely spaced and there are a
lot of them, but they don’t stand out against the
visual noise of the variously lit building façades,
street lights, traffic signals, and car headlights. A
custom luminaire bracket that incorporates the
Carlsbad logo into its design, with a standard
luminaire attachment will create a corridor
of branding that visually engages visitors and
residents, both during the day and at night. The
sketches in Figures 71 and 72 are examples of
how this feature could be designed.
The twinkle lights that wrap the pedestrian lamp
posts between Madison Street and Ocean Street
should be removed, as their effect is lost in the
visual noise of this thoroughfare.
The sign in the median just off the I-5 off-ramps
(see Figure 73 for an image of this sign) should
be illuminated to aid in wayfinding as discussed
previously. Refer to Chapter 5 City Signage
Lighting for recommendations.
A landscaping element including the addition
of palm trees at each major intersection along
Carlsbad Village Drive may be introduced by the
Figure 72 – Custom bracket with custom logo, idea 2
Figure 71 – Custom bracket with Carlsbad logo, idea 1
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54 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
city as part of a comprehensive beautification
plan that reinforces the Village’s sense of being
a “small town beach community”. If this plan is
implemented, then ground mounted uplights
for the palms should be included as an integral
component.
The map images in each recommendation
section are excerpted from a comprehensive
map of lighting recommendations, found in
Appendix D. See Figure 74 for the Carlsbad
Village Drive recommendations map.
Grand Avenue
Grand Avenue is an adjacent thoroughfare that
is quite dark and as such, new city standard
pedestrian lamp posts as described earlier
should be added to encourage pedestrian
activity after nightfall. The spacing of these
lamp posts does not need to be as dense as it
is on Carlsbad Village Drive, because there are
fewer shops and the foot-traffic activity is less.
The recommended spacing for new pedestrian
lamp posts is three to four lamp posts per
block (or, 30’-50’ on center), on each side of the
street, in between the street lights. An exact
spacing will be dependent on the location of
street lights, street trees, and other physical
elements, along with the light distribution of
Figure 74 – Map of lighting recommendations (Carlsbad Village Drive)
Figure 73 – Village of Carlsbad Sign in Median (image
credit Google Maps Streetview)
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the selected luminaire. The goal is to create a
rhythm of glowing pedestrian-scale luminaires
that bring the lighting effects down to a human
scale, adding focal glow and aiding in facial
recognition.
The strap-mounted uplights attached to the
ficus nitida trees between Roosevelt Street and
State Street should be removed, as the straps
are not adjustable to allow the tree trunks
to grow naturally. Instead, ground-mounted
uplighting should be installed in the planting
strips adjacent to each tree. The goal is to
uplight into and through the branches, to allow
the beauty of these mature trees to be evident
at night. In addition, there are trees between
Washington Street and Carlsbad Boulevard that
do not currently have strap-mounted lighting
but that will benefit from uplights.
A minimum of two lights per tree is
recommended. Figures 56, 57 and 58 show a
section and plan views of where the luminaires
should be installed relative to the trees, as well
as recommended beam spreads for appropriate
lighting coverage.
Because many of these trees are established and
mature, an arborist should be consulted to assist
in determining where it is safe to locate fixtures
without damaging the tree roots.
Finally, the medians in the center of Grand
Avenue between Roosevelt Street and Carlsbad
Boulevard contain established trees with
beautiful branch structures, along with assorted
shrubbery. Ground-mounted uplighting should
be installed in the medians, with a minimum
of two lights per tree. Placing uplights in the
medians will increase vertical illuminance and
bounce light, highlighting the tree canopies
with a focal glow and making travelling on
Grand Avenue into an enjoyable and pleasant
experience.
Along the sidewalks of both sides of Grand
Avenue between Carlsbad Boulevard and
Garfield Street are mature palm trees that
should be uplit as well. Refer to Figures 61 and
62 earlier in this chapter that show a section
and plan view of where the luminaires should
be installed relative to the palm trees, as well
as recommended beam spreads for appropriate
lighting coverage.
The Master Plan designates Grand Avenue as an
area that has high potential for becoming even
more pedestrian-friendly and suggests that
changing it to a promenade or shared vehicular-
pedestrian space, including potentially
removing some curbs, will encourage that
development. Its Key Village Recommendations,
item H, states, “Make Grand Avenue a signature
space by converting half the street into a
pedestrian promenade” [1]. If the changes
to the street and sidewalk configurations are
made to accommodate the reclassification as a
promenade or shared space, the tree uplighting
should be installed as part of that process.
As mentioned in Chapter 3 Existing Conditions,
the intersection of Grand Avenue and State
Street boasts a fountain at its northwest corner.
The existing lighting integral to the fountain
should be replaced with new LED versions
to illuminate the moving water and add an
element of sparkle to the hierarchy of lighting.
The products shown in Figures 75 and 76 are
representative of the type of luminaire that
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will be needed. A final fixture selection will be
dependent on verification of what is currently
installed, for physical reasons.
The Master Plan identifies this intersection in
its Key Village Recommendations to consider,
item K: “Create a new civic space at the corner
of Grand Avenue and State Street; energize
the space through conversion of the adjacent
building into an attractive and active use”
[1]. Re-habilitating the fountain
lighting supports this Master Plan
recommendation by creating a
focal point of the existing plaza
that will draw people in.
Figure 77 shows the lighting
recommendations for Grand
Avenue on a keyed map.
State Street
For many, State Street is considered “the heart
of Carlsbad Village” [3] between Carlsbad
Village Drive and Grand Avenue. The existing
tree-wrapped twinkle lights in this block
augment the feeling of festivity and conviviality
that is found in this lively center. Its daytime
and night time market ambience is enhanced
by its sidewalk and curb restaurant seating.
Figure 77 – Map of Lighting Recommendations (Grand Avenue)
Figure 75 – Submersible
fountain light option –
niche mounted
Figure 76 – Submersible fountain
light option – base mounted
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Spreading the sparkle of the twinkle lights to the
adjacent blocks north of Grand Avenue to Beech
Street, and south of Carlsbad Village Drive to
Oak Avenue, will create a distinct “State Street”
feeling and further reinforce the hierarchy of
lighting that will be established throughout the
Village as a whole. Refer to Figure 78 for the map
of recommendations for State Street.
State Street Recommendations
Carlsbad Village Drive to Grand Avenue
The existing incandescent twinkle lights on the
ficus nitida trees in the block of State Street
between Carlsbad Village Drive and Grand
Avenue, shown in Chapter 3 Existing Conditions
Figure 24, are beloved by city residents and
visitors but require significant year-round
maintenance. It is recommended that the
residential-grade twinkle lights (Figure 79) be
replaced with commercial-grade LED twinkle
lights in 2700K color temperature, to increase the
Figure 78 – Map of lighting recommendations (State Street)
Figure 79 – Residential-grade twinkle lights currently used
on State Street
RECOMMENDATIONS
Figure 80 – Commercial-grade twinkle lights for trees
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58 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
life expectancy and reduce the time required for
maintenance. Refer to Figure 80 for an image of
a commercial-grade twinkle light. Additionally,
the city can consider outsourcing the installation
and maintenance of these twinkle lights to a
company that specializes in such tasks, allowing
city facilities staff to focus their efforts elsewhere
if it makes financial sense.
Grand Avenue North to Beech Avenue
City-standard LED pedestrian lamp posts should
also be added on both sides of the street on
State Street in the block north from Grand
Avenue to Beech Avenue. They should be on a
spacing module that puts them between the
street lights and that achieves the recommended
light levels defined in IES RP-8. The LED twinkle
lights should be extended to this block and can
span the distance between these lamp posts,
running parallel to the street as in Figure 81,
or as an alternate, they can be mounted to the
roofline of the adjacent businesses, as in Figure
82. Mounting these lights to business rooflines
will require coordination with and approval from
each business owner. The goal of adding these
lights is to visually and experientially connect
the northern and southern blocks of State Street
with its central block.
When twinkle lights are used in a roofline-
mounted or catenary cable-mounted
configuration, it is preferable to have a more
robust construction consisting of thicker sockets
and clear polycarbonate protective globes. As an
added benefit, the use of clear globes increases
the visible size of the illuminated area without
either causing glare or reducing sparkle. Most
of the buildings in the Village are single-story
in height. For buildings of this size, and up to
two stories high, LED lamp spacing that is 12”
to 18” on center, and maximum 1.5w in output,
is recommended. For buildings that are three
stories or taller, a greater on-center spacing
of 18” to 24” can be employed. Twinkle lights
should be 2700K color temperature, with clear
globes for the preferred effect. An example of a
luminaire of this type is shown in Figure 83.
Carlsbad Village Drive to Oak Avenue
In the block south from Carlsbad Village Drive
to Oak Avenue, city-standard LED pedestrian
lamp posts already exist. However, additional
lamp posts should be added to each side of the
street with the goal being that each lamp post
should be within 30’ to 50’ of the next closest
Figure 81 – Twinkle lights parallel to street (Santa Cruz, CA
- Google 360 photo by Daniel Lanovaz)
Figure 82 – Roofline-mounted twinkle lights (Google image
search)
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lamp post. The LED twinkle lights can then be
extended on State Street in the block south from
Carlsbad Village Drive to Oak Avenue. This block
is fronted primarily by parking lots, and what
building façades are there are inappropriate
for roofline-mounted lighting; as well, there
are a couple of private residences. To that end,
installing LED twinkle lights parallel to the street
and mounted to the LED pedestrian lamp posts
is the recommended course of action, similar to
that shown in Figure 81. Finally, lighting should
be added to the city parking lot sign. Refer to the
section earlier in this chapter for a discussion on
city signage lighting.
4.1.1 Key Intersections
To further enhance the sense of place embodied
by the Village streetscapes, key intersections
can be selected, and highlighted with special
treatments. These special treatments will confer
a placemaking characteristic to the intersection,
engaging the community and delighting
the tourists, by adding a play of brilliants to
the hierarchy of lighting. They will make the
intersections become destinations, each with
its own identity, and also assist with wayfinding
for visitors to the city. There are several ways to
highlight key intersections; a few are mentioned
here, but likely there are even more possibilities.
Three intersections from the I-5 freeway to the
ocean along Carlsbad Village Drive, and two
Figure 83 – Commercial-grade twinkle lights with globes,
for catenary or roofline mounting
Figure 84 – Map of lighting recommendations (Key Intersections)
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intersections along Grand Avenue, are identified
as key intersections suitable for such treatment.
Each of the five intersections, highlighted in
the keyed map in Figure 84 are described in the
following sections.
In addition, there are opportunities to augment
the lighting on Carlsbad Village Drive by adding
new trees at four select intersections, Key
Intersections selected for specialty lighting
treatment: Harding Street, Jefferson Street,
Madison Street and Roosevelt Street. The trees
should be lit from uplights at their bases to
provide an enhanced entry experience to and
from Carlsbad Village. The concept sketches
shown in Figures 89, 90, 91 and 92 indicate
one to two new trees at each corner. On those
corners where only one tree is indicated, this is
due to the presence of an existing large tree in
close proximity to the corner (typically a Ficus
tree).
Carlsbad Village Drive and Harding Street
This is the first major intersection along
Carlsbad Village Drive after vehicles exit the I-5
freeway. It is currently bounded by a fast-food
restaurant, a gas station, a parking lot, and a
retail store, with tall poles supporting both a
street light and traffic signals on each corner,
Figure 88 – Catenary Cable-mounted Lighting with color/logo
as primary feature (Bourke Street Mall, Melbourne, Australia)
Figure 87 – Catenary Cable-mounted Lighting example with
color as primary feature, daytime (D Street Corridor, Boston,
MA)
Figure 85 – Catenary Cable-mounted lighting example,
night time, Tacoma, WA (photo credit: Lauren Hoogkamer)
Figure 86 – Catenary Cable-mounted Lighting example
with color as primary feature, night time (D Street Corridor,
Boston, MA)
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and as such it is a blank canvas for special
treatment. Both segments of Carlsbad Village
Drive at this intersection have tidy, planted
medians, and all adjacent sidewalks have
brick-laid edging with a variety of well-spaced,
medium-sized and healthy street trees. These
existing elements can be worked into a special
lighting treatment consisting of catenary
cables with decorative luminaires suspended
from them, perhaps with the Carlsbad logo or
signature color worked into the design. The
existing street lights can potentially be modified
with an extension from the top of the pole, to
allow for mechanical and electrical connection
of the catenary cable lighting. Although the
poles are likely to be able to carry the additional
load, a detailed review by a qualified Structural
Engineer will be required to confirm that
assumption. As an alternate, less preferred
option, new poles can be added. Finally, any
element that spans the intersection will need to
be held 17’ above the ground to allow for safe
passage of utility trucks and buses.
Night time and/or daytime examples of several
applications of such lighting, less the logo
option, are shown in Figures 85, 86, 87 and 88.
Because of the existence of four street lights at
this intersection, the catenary cable-mounted
lighting can be purely decorative; it will not be
necessary to augment the illuminance levels
at the street, but rather merely to add an
Figure 89 –Trees at Carlsbad Village Drive and Harding Street
RECOMMENDATIONS
Figure 90 – Trees at Carlsbad Village Drive and Jefferson
Street
Figure 91 – Trees at Carlsbad Village Drive and
Madison Street
Figure 92 – Trees at Carlsbad Village Drive and Roosevelt
Street
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62 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
element of beauty and significance to this key
intersection.
In addition to adding decorative lighting at this
key intersection, adding eight trees to its four
corners will establish the “small town beach
community” theme at the first major Village
intersection off I-5. Uplighting for these trees
should also be included; refer to Figure 89 for an
image.
Carlsbad Village Drive and Jefferson Street
The intersection of Carlsbad Village Drive and
Jefferson Street should have seven new trees
added, with uplighting, as shown in Figure 90.
Carlsbad Village Drive and Madison Street
The intersection of Carlsbad Village Drive and
Madison Street should have six new trees added,
with uplighting, as shown in Figure 91.
Carlsbad Village Drive and
Roosevelt Street
The intersection of Roosevelt Street is similar
in layout to that of the intersection of Harding
Street in terms of sidewalks, medians, plantings,
street trees, and street lighting. Its four corners
are anchored by a parking lot, a bank, a
restaurant, and a set of small shops. Roosevelt
Street is almost the midpoint of Carlsbad Village
Drive, and as such is perfectly situated to be
treated as a key intersection. Catenary cable
lighting of a decorative nature and five new trees
should be added here. Refer to Figure 92 for an
image of the tree layout at this intersection, and
Figures 85, 86, 87 and 88 for representations of
catenary cable lighting.
Carlsbad Village Drive and
Carlsbad Boulevard
The intersection with Carlsbad Boulevard is
a tourist must-see because it is the location
of the Carlsbad landmark sign. Each of the
intersection’s four corners, connected via
pedestrian scramble, are anchored by retail
stores, and its northwest corner features a
sidewalk-integrated mosaic tile art piece called
“Bird of Paradise” (1989, by James Hubbell).
With the already energetic atmosphere at this
intersection and recognizing that the overhead
Carlsbad sign should remain the focal point,
lighting this key intersection can take the
form of projected patterns on the walking
surfaces. These patterns can be projected from
weatherproof luminaires attached to the existing
street light poles at a minimum of 20’ above
grade and aimed down onto the sidewalks
and the pedestrian scramble, to guide the way
with interesting color and pattern. If desired,
controls can allow the pedestrian scramble to
be illuminated when the signal to walk is given.
Not to be overlooked is the fact that the “Bird of
Paradise” sidewalk mosaic is not currently lit,
so adding these lights from above will provide
an opportunity also to illuminate and celebrate
the existing artwork. There are a wide variety
of patterns (light-blocking templates called
gobos) that can be projected: geometric designs,
words, or amorphous blobs are possibilities, to
name a few. And given the nature of luminaires
such as these, changing the patterns and colors
seasonally will be reasonable. The images in
Figures 93, 94 and 95 represent a small sample
of the variety of patterns that are available, but
images evoking water are preferred.
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4.1.2 Train Station / Theatre Area
The Theatre / Train Station Area is a sub-area, of
the Village Center District, that for the purposes
of the area thematic lighting encompasses the
Carlsbad Village Station, the two community
Theatres, the historic Santa Fe Train Depot
(home to the Visitors’ Center), and Rotary Park.
Early in the settlement of western cities and
towns, the establishment of a train station
meant a connection with the rest of the country
and perhaps some assurance of continued
prosperity and relevance for a burgeoning town.
Although train travel is no longer the primary
means of transit for residents and visitors,
the Carlsbad Village Station still serves as a
transportation hub for coastal travelers, for both
train and bus transit. Because the Village’s
two theatres and the State Street shopping area
are less than a block away from the station,
a natural pedestrian link is formed that can be
reinforced by decorative lighting connecting one
to the other.
The Village Station already has a distinct
pedestrian lamp post in use with its bell-shaped
luminaires. A distinct form is appropriate for
this area but a new luminaire is preferable to
a retrofit component. The luminaire and pole
assemblies are approximately 25 years old and
being in a marine environment have exceeded
their expected life. Earlier in this chapter
some options for complete replacement are
presented.
Changing the bell-shaped luminaire and
pole and adding more of the new assemblies
throughout this district will shift the lighting
from vehicle-oriented to pedestrian oriented.
Further, adding uplighting to the existing palm
trees and lighting to the signage will add focal
glow and provide increased ease of wayfinding.
Figure 93 – Geometric pattern projection (Ishoj Station,
Denmark)
Figure 95 – Amorphous patterns projected onto sidewalks
(Rotterdam, Netherlands)
Figure 94 – Words projected as a pattern onto sidewalks
(Poland)
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An enlarged map of the recommendations for
this area is shown in Figure 96.
Washington Street and
Christiansen Avenue
Placing luminaires that match those at the train
station into the surrounding blocks will help to
create a bread-crumb trail of sorts that leads
people away from the station and into the heart
of the Village, and likewise leads them back
to the station at the end of their visiting time.
The buses that stop at the station do so along
Washington Street at Christiansen Avenue. The
dual-head bell-shaped lamp posts already exist
along a portion of Washington Street between
Grand Avenue and Beech Avenue, and these
should be replaced with the new bell-shaped
luminaires described for this area. Figure 97 is
an image of this area. Also, new bell-shaped
lamp posts should be added along Washington
Street north to Beech Avenue, from about the
midpoint between it and Christiansen Avenue,
where there are none currently.
Washington Street between Grand Avenue
and Carlsbad Village Drive
Extending the bell-shaped lamp posts between
Grand Avenue and Carlsbad Village Drive (near
Rotary Park) will begin the re-connection of the
original Historic Santa Fe Depot that served
Carlsbad in the late 1880s, to its contemporary
counterpart. The existing concrete lamp posts
with refractor acorn luminaires and HPS
lamps should be removed and replaced with
Train Station lamp posts to match the others
described for this area. The concrete poles can
be reserved for future use around the Village.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Figure 96 – Map of lighting recommendations (Train Station / Theatre Area)
Figure 97 – Image of Washington Street at Christiansen
Avenue
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Alley Parallel to Washington Street
The main entrance to Carlsbad Village Station is
off an alley that runs between Washington Street
and State Street. This alley starts near the 2500
block of State Street, at the backside of relatively
new condominiums, and runs south to Grand
Avenue. This alley mainly serves the parking for
the Village Station and also provides one of the
two main vehicular entrances to the station: at
Grand Avenue, and at the Christiansen Avenue
spur between it, and State Street. The portion of
this alley between Beech Avenue and its Grand
Avenue terminus should be populated with Train
Station lamp posts spaced between 40’ and 50’
on center. As well, new bell-shaped lamp posts
should be added to the adjacent parking lots on
both sides of the Historic Depot, to complete the
Train Station / Theatre Area. At the main entry
from Grand Avenue, the Carlsbad Village Station
sign that is in the median should be illuminated,
as should the existing palm trees also in the
median planter. Figure 98 shows an image of the
median sign at the entry from Grand Avenue.
There is a portion of this alley south of Grand
Avenue that connects to the original Historic
Santa Fe Depot (see Figure 99). That historic
building is entered from the alley, and so the
Train Station lamp posts should continue for
this block, to visually connect it to the Train
Station. All existing street lighting in this alley
should have the city standard LED replacement
light engines installed into the luminaires, and
Train Station lamp posts should be added to
the parking lot, which is currently unlit. Refer
to Alley recommendations in Chapter 6 for
additional recommendations.
Christiansen Avenue Spur
The easternmost portion of Christiansen Avenue
is a small spur from State Street west to a
roundabout that is the second entrance to the
Village Station. Train Station lamp posts should
be added to this spur, and the existing palm
trees that flank the street should be uplit.
The Carlsbad Village Station sign in the
central planter of the roundabout should be
illuminated, as should the existing palm trees in
the same location (see Figure 100 for an image of
RECOMMENDATIONS
Figure 99 – Historic Santa Fe Depot in alley parallel to
Washington Street
Figure 98 – Sign at Entry from Grand Avenue (image credit
Google Maps Streetview)
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66 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
this planter). Metal halide signage lighting exists
currently, so circuiting is in place to accomplish
this. If this sign and its lighting is under the
jurisdiction of the North County Transit District
agency, then the city and the NCTD should
collaborate on replacement luminaires. Refer
to the section earlier in this chapter for a
discussion on city signage lighting.
4.2 HOSPITALITY DISTRICT
The Hospitality District is identified in the
Master Plan as a transitional area “between
the beach and the heart of the Village”. This
area primarily serves visitors with its ground
floor commercial businesses, but also contains
residential buildings, the Army and Navy
Academy, historic St. Michael by the Sea church,
the Carlsbad Alkaline Water retail store and
nearby statue, a retirement community and
Village Faire. Installing decorative lighting to
enhance this district’s sophisticated assemblage
of architecture and landscaping will reinforce
the elegance of the Hospitality District. Right
now, the block between Carlsbad Village Drive
and Grand Avenue is the most well-lit, with
lighting that caters to the pedestrian. In other
areas along Carlsbad Boulevard, the lighting
is mainly geared towards the benefit of the
vehicular traffic and not pedestrians. These
recommendations augment the elegance that is
found in a small portion of this district by adding
uplighting to existing trees and extending
pedestrian lamp posts across much of the
remainder of the district. See Figure 101 for a
map of the recommendations for the Hospitality
District.
Carlsbad Boulevard
The Master Plan includes the Tamarack Beach
Resort, on Carlsbad Boulevard between
Walnut Avenue and Pine Avenue as part of the
Hospitality District. Carlsbad Boulevard is a
major 4-lane divided highway up until this point.
The median in front of the Tamarack Beach
Resort is a prime location for an illuminated
sculpture that marks the southernmost entry
point to the Village. This is envisioned as
becoming a beacon similar wow factor to that
of the “Coastal Helix” sculpture (2014, by Roger
White Stoller) at the roundabout intersection
of State Street and Carlsbad Boulevard, at the
northernmost entry point.
At the intersection of Pine Avenue, the median
is home to several large trees and they should
be uplit . These trees continue in the median
up until Oak Avenue. Entryway signs, such as at
Oak Avenue’s “Village of Carlsbad” stone plinth,
should be illuminated, as well as the trees in
that median. This portion of Carlsbad Boulevard
joins with Lincoln Street at the east. There are
trees in planting strips along the last portion
of Lincoln Street, extending to Carlsbad Village
RECOMMENDATIONS
Figure 100 – Entry sign at Christiansen Avenue roundabout
(image credit Google Maps Streetview)
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 67
RECOMMENDATIONS
Figure 101 – Map of lighting recommendations (Hospitality District)
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68 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
Drive that should be uplit as well.
Between Carlsbad Village Drive and Grand
Avenue, the twinkle lights wrapping the existing
LED pedestrian poles should be removed. The
effect of these twinkle lights, being of little
density compared to the other lighting in the
area, is imperceptible. Instead, the mature
palm trees on both sides of the street should
be uplit. At the intersection with Grand Avenue,
the palm trees continue west; and so should
the uplighting. Figure 102 is an enlarged
recommendation map of these portions of
Carlsbad Village Drive.
Between Grand Avenue and Christiansen
Avenue, there are existing palm trees in front of
the Carlsbad by the Sea Retirement Community
with existing uplights that have insufficient
output. These uplights should be replaced, and
uplighting should also be added to the trees
on the east side of the street, in front of the
Carlsbad Alkaline Water building. Accent lighting
should be added to the Carlsbad Alkaline Water
self-serve kiosk and the Captain John Frazier
statue that exists nearby. As well, the city
standard LED pedestrian lamp posts do not exist
in this block and should be added on a spacing
module that puts them in between trees.
Between Christiansen Avenue and Beech
Avenue, city standard LED pedestrian lamp
posts should be added to encourage pedestrian
Figure 102 – Map showing location of recommended “beacon”, existing sign to be illuminated, and blocks from Oak Avenue
to Grand Avenue
RECOMMENDATIONS
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 69
activity in this block, which contains retail stores
on the east side of the street and the historic
St. Michael by the Sea Church on the west side.
Additionally, trees in the median and on the
west side of the street in front of the church
should be uplit, as should the trees along the
north side of Beech Avenue, in front of Magee
Park and the Carlsbad Historical Society. Figure
103 is an enlarged recommendation map of
these portions of Carlsbad Boulevard.
In the remaining northern blocks of Carlsbad
Boulevard, tree uplighting should be added
both to the medians and to the planting strips
on the east and west sides of the street up until
Mountain View Drive. Because these blocks
comprise properties of the Army and Navy
Academy, and these blocks are geared more
Figure 103 – Map of lighting recommendations (Carlsbad Boulevard and Grand Avenue to Beech Avenue)
Figure 104 – Map of lighting recommendations (Carlsbad Boulevard, north of Beech Avenue)
RECOMMENDATIONS
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70 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
for vehicular traffic than for foot traffic, adding
pedestrian lamp posts is not recommended
under the scope of this report. Figure 104 is
an enlarged recommendation map of these
portions of Carlsbad Boulevard.
4.3 PINE-TYLER MIXED USE DISTRICT
The Pine-Tyler Mixed Use District is a concept
from the Master Plan that envisions a future of
burgeoning start-up businesses, artists’ live/work
units, breweries, dance studios, and the like.
The Pine-Tyler mixed use district establishes the
connection between the Village and the Barrio,
with Lola’s Market as the gateway. As it stands
now, a mixture of light industrial and residential
properties with cobrahead street lights only, its
importance as a transitional area can be amplified
by the addition of decorative pedestrian lamp
post lighting, bringing the lighting down to a
human level and adding focal glow. Figure 105
shows a map of the recommendations for the Pine-
Tyler Mixed Use District.
Roosevelt Street from Oak Avenue to
Walnut Avenue
Install city-standard LED pedestrian lamp
posts on both sides of this street, 30’ to 50’ on
center, as existing conditions allow.
Tyler Street from Oak Avenue to
Walnut Avenue
Install city-standard LED pedestrian lamp posts
on both sides of this street, 30’ to 50’ on center,
as existing conditions allow.
4.4 SECONDARY DRIVES, AVENUES
AND STREETS
These streets comprise areas that are mainly
residential, as shown on the two maps in
Figures 106 and 107. They are within the Village
boundary lines, and the recommendations to
add city standard LED pedestrian lamp posts or
not is largely a factor of whether these streets
will eventually contain businesses that might be
nighttime-oriented such as restaurants, instead
of daytime businesses such as real estate offices
RECOMMENDATIONS
Figure 105 – Map of lighting recommendations (Pine-Tyler Mixed Use District)
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 71
or auto repair shops, and private residences.
Oak Avenue
A good portion of Oak Avenue comprises the
border between Carlsbad Village and the Barrio.
As properties are redeveloped, city-standard
LED pedestrian lamp posts should be added on
both sides of this street, 30’ to 50’ on center as
existing conditions allow.
Christiansen Avenue
The portion of Christiansen Avenue that is not
designated as part of the Train Station District
runs from Carlsbad Boulevard west to Ocean
Street and is just one block containing a church
and residences. No decorative pedestrian
lighting is recommended for this area in order to
preserve its quiet nature.
Beech Avenue
Beech Avenue constitutes many of the endpoints
for the primary north-south streets in Carlsbad
Village. As well, it contains some residential
properties that can see increased foot traffic
into the center of the Village. For that reason,
pedestrian lamp posts are recommended to be
added to these portions of Beech Avenue.
Harding Street
Harding Street is a quiet street without many
shops, but it leads to the Harding Community
Center and the Pine Avenue Community
and Park in the Barrio and as such is a likely
pedestrian travel path. Decorative city-standard
LED pedestrian lamp posts should be added
from Grand Avenue at the north end, down to
Oak Avenue at the south end.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Figure 106 – Map of lighting recommendations (secondary east-west running drives and avenues)
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72 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
Jefferson Street
Similar to Harding Street, Jefferson Street also
leads to the Pine Avenue Community Center
and Park. City-standard LED pedestrian lamp
posts should be added from Grand Avenue at the
north end, to Oak Avenue at the south end, as
adjacent properties are redeveloped.
Madison Street
The two blocks of Madison Street between
Grand Avenue and Oak Avenue will also benefit
from the addition of city-standard LED lamp
posts which should be added on a 30’ to 50 on-
center spacing. The median that exists between
Carlsbad Village Drive and Grand Avenue has
trees worthy of uplighting. The blocks north
of Grand Avenue, to Laguna Drive, should be
targeted for city-standard LED lamp posts at
such time as the area is redeveloped. Refer to
previous sections in this chapter for discussion
and diagrams regarding tree uplighting.
Roosevelt Street
Part of Roosevelt Street is contained within the
RECOMMENDATIONS
Figure 107 – Map of lighting recommendations (secondary north-south running streets)
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 73
Pine-Tyler Mixed Use District, but it extends up
to Laguna Drive. The secondary blocks between
Oak Avenue and Beech Avenue should receive
city-standard LED lamp posts on 30’ to 50’
spacing, on both sides of the street as existing
conditions allow. The median on Roosevelt
Street contains some street trees which should
be uplit. Refer to the section earlier in this
chapter for tree uplighting guidelines. There
are two city parking lot signs in this block which
should have lighting added to them. Refer to
previous sections in this chapter for discussion
and diagrams regarding city signage lighting.
For the northernmost portion between Beech
Avenue and Laguna Drive, this stretch can
remain as-is until the adjacent properties are
redeveloped. Then, the city-standard LED lamp
posts should be added on both sides of the
street, on 30’ to 50’ centers.
Washington Street
Most of Washington Street is contained within
the Train Station District, except one block
between Carlsbad Village Drive and Oak Avenue.
City-standard LED lamp posts should be added
to this block on both sides of the street, to
encourage pedestrians to use the city parking
located here. As well, lighting should be added
for the city parking lot signage, following the
guidelines presented earlier in this chapter for
city signage lighting.
RECOMMENDATIONS
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 75
As is discussed in Chapter 2 of this study, establishing a hierarchy of light will go a long way
towards augmenting the Village’s night time appearance. Businesses’ building façades play an
important role in the visual landscape at night, because the human eye perceives brightness
on vertical surfaces first, before being drawn to any incident light on the ground. Reflected
light greatly informs a human’s understanding of the built environment by allowing us to see
the shapes of the buildings, comprehend where the entries are, and read the signage that tells
us what the business is offering.
The Village’s building façades are currently lit
with various techniques – some are illuminated
uniformly, others are not illuminated at all
or have spotty illumination. Although the
city cannot mandate that businesses follow
a prescriptive path for façade lighting, the
following are parameters and attributes to
consider that will improve the night time
appearance of the city’s streets. Not to
discourage creativity, these recommendations
may be implemented in a variety of ways
and are designed to complement the
recommendations set forth in the Master
Plan. These recommendations comprise a
guideline to be used by developers when they
are designing or redesigning a building. City
staff should use this guideline in their building
permit review process. Doing so will, over
time, create a cohesive look to the night time
appearance of buildings throughout the Village.
In general, LED lighting at 2700-3000K (a
warm color range similar in appearance to
incandescent and halogen; refer to discussion
in Chapter 2) should be used throughout, with a
CRI of 80 or higher. Timeclock controls that turn
the lights off after a designated hour should
be utilized to maximize energy conservation,
reduce long-term costs, and to protect the night
skies and preserve human and animal circadian
rhythms. San Diego Municipal Code, Chapter 14
and the San Diego County Code of Regulatory
Ordinances both detail curfew times for lighting
and should be consulted when determining
what time non-essential lighting will be turned
off.
Finally, IES RP-33 Lighting for Exterior
Environments (RP-33) is an additional resource
that can be useful as building owners consider
their façade lighting, particularly if a lighting
design professional is employed to assist in
the effort. The principles outlined below are
discussed at length and in great technical
detail within the RP-33. The RP-33 is updated
periodically and so the most recent version
should be consulted.
5 | building façade lighting
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5.1 ACCENT LIGHTING / WALL WASHING
Accent lighting and wallwashing are similar
in that both are techniques used to highlight
specific features of a building. They are different
in that accent lighting implies an isolation of a
feature, while wallwashing implies a uniformly
lit surface. Both are acceptable ways to add
brightness to façades, but care must be taken to
ensure that the beams of light are appropriately
aimed, that color consistency between different
light fixtures is maintained, and that the contrast
between the areas that are lit and the areas
that are left dark is not too great, as too-great
contrast will be distracting. An example of
successful accent lighting is shown in Figure 108
and an example of successful wallwashing is
shown in Figure 109.
Another valid way of brightening a façade
is to consider storefront windows as the
lighting source. In this case, lively displays
with illumination from the front, or backlit,
translucent displays such as window paintings
will provide vertical illuminance while also
advertising the business. See Figures 110 and
111 for successful examples of this technique.
5.2 SIGNAGE LIGHTING FOR PRIVATE
BUILDINGS
Chapter 3 in the Master Plan discusses signs
at length. For the variety of signs that are
permitted to be installed on buildings, listed
on page 3-2 of the Master Plan, appropriate
Figure 108 – Successful accent lighting
Figure 109 – Successful wallwashing
Figure 110 – Successful storefront illumination (image A)
Figure 111 – Successful storefront illumination (image B)
BUILDING FAÇADE LIGHTING
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 77
signage lighting techniques vary. If a sign is to be
illuminated, then sign lights should complement
the style and color of the sign and the business’s
particular aesthetic, have LED sources with a
maximum color temperature of 3000K, a CRI of
80 or higher, and should be aimed downward
whenever possible so as not to cause glare or
light trespass into the night sky. The principles
of successful accent lighting and wallwashing
discussed above also apply to signage lighting.
5.3 DECORATIVE SCONCES
Decorative sconces are accessories to a building
façade and their design aesthetic must be
architecturally compatible with the building
design. Sconces are a source of light that can
complement the architecture by highlighting
certain features. They can emit light upward,
downward, or glow internally. Sconce lamp
sources should be LED with a maximum 3000K
color temperature and 80 CRI or higher. Glare
is an important consideration and at no time
should the LED source be visible. Additionally,
if the design of the sconce is to emit a glow, it
is important to evaluate the brightness of that
glow in an on-site mock-up using a working
luminaire sample to ensure it doesn’t cause
discomfort to anyone viewing it. Refer to the
discussion and images in the section on Glare
in Chapter 2 for additional information. Figures
112 and 113 show examples of different sconce
lighting.
5.4 ROOFLINE LIGHTING
Twinkle lighting that follows the roofline of a
building is a simple but effective way to create
an atmosphere of festivity and energy. It is most
effective when a long row of buildings installs
this lighting, so that the scale of it can compete
with the general busy-ness of street lighting and
pedestrian lamp posts. Most of the buildings
in the Village are single-story in height. For
buildings of this size, LED lamp spacing that is
Figure 112 – Decorative sconces complementing a storefront,
traditional aesthetic
Figure 113 – Decorative sconces complementing a storefront,
modern aesthetic
Figure 114 – Roofline-mounted twinkle lights
BUILDING FAÇADE LIGHTING
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78 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
12”-18” on center, and maximum 1.5w in output,
is recommended. Twinkle lights should be
2700K color temperature, with clear globes for
the preferred effect. Commercial-grade twinkle
lights should be used instead of residential-
grade “Christmas lights”. See Chapter 4 sections
describing recommendations for State Street
and Figure 114 for an example image. See Figure
115 for an image of an appropriate commercial-
grade luminaire.
5.5 AWNING LIGHTING
While awnings and signage on awnings is
allowed per the Master Plan, plasticized, vinyl or
backlit awnings are to be avoided per the Master
Plan p. 2-82. Lighting may be incorporated
into the awning if it is for the purpose of
downlighting onto the sidewalk. The tops of
awnings may be lit from the building façades
above, but lighting that uplights into an awning
to create a glow effect is not allowed. When
awnings are lit from above, light sources should
be LED, 3000K color temperature and 80 CRI
or higher. They should also be placed in such
a manner as to create a uniformly lit surface
without hot spots. Refer to Figure 116 for an
example of awning lighting.
Figure 115 – Commercial-grade twinkle lights for roofline
mounting
Figure 116 – Uniformly illuminated awnings and signage
BUILDING FAÇADE LIGHTING
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VISION AND GOALS
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 79
EXISTING CONDITIONSVILLAGE AND BARRIO MASTER PLAN
6 | alley lighting
Dark alleys engender a sense of foreboding that discourages walking at night. Therefore,
lighting of the Village’s alleys is a key component of furthering progress towards a pedestrian-
friendly and welcoming area. In fact, the Master Plan chapter 2.8.2E3 states “ensure that
alleys are well-lit, open, and visible to passersby” [3]. Each alley is unique and so there are
no prescriptive lighting recommendations that are applicable to every situation. Instead, the
recommendations below can be adapted for each individual circumstance as the business
owners see fit. Any lighting attached to the building is to be installed and maintained by the
building owner.
All new light sources should be LED, maximum
3000K and 80 CRI or higher. Ideally, non-
essential lighting like wall sconces and bollards
should be turned off after designated hours.
Cobraheads may be left on, at a dimmed
level (which is possible with ‘smart lighting’
technology, refer to Controls chapter 7.3) to
discourage vandalism overnight. Additionally,
poles with weatherproof gobo projectors such
as was described in 4.1.1 Key Intersections,
is another idea for creating interesting and
engaging alleys, and can be installed on
existing poles in the public right of way by the
city, where appropriate. Figures 93, 94 and 95
show examples of this type of lighting.
At all times, 14‘-0” clearances for delivery and
city utility trucks must be maintained. This
height restriction applies in parking lots and
zero-lot-line alleyways. Reference the United
States Department of Transportation Federal
Highway Administration Vertical Clearances
Requirements for additional mounting
constraints. Wall mounted lighting that is
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80 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
ALLEY LIGHTING
not immediately adjacent to a traffic area is
generally more suitable at lower heights in the 8’
to 10’ range, depending on the architecture.
Following is a discussion of the relevant lighting
recommendations along with example layout
sketches. When building walls directly abut
the drive path, it’s important to illuminate
the wall and the pavement. See Figure 117
for an example layout sketch. This allows for
pedestrians to be seen by drivers, in addition
to lighting the walking paths. Wall sconces that
either complement the building architecture, or
that are neutral in appearance, should be used.
Some examples of typical luminaire options
are shown in Figures 118, 119, 120 and 121. All
new luminaires should be reviewed in mock
up format, with working samples in situ, prior
to selection, to ensure desired attributes are
present.
When building walls are set back from the drive
path, it allows space for parking, dumpsters,
electrical service, and various other items of
use to be situated. In some cases, parking lot
lighting already exists. Existing lighting should
be retrofitted with LED if possible. If area lighting
does not currently exist, then pedestrian scale
lamp posts, 12’-15’ tall, should be installed at
about 30’-50’ on center. The style should be
similar to the city standard lamp posts, since the
businesses are likely to change over time. See
Figure 122 for an example layout sketch.
Sometimes there are back-of-house entries to
business establishments from the alley. In this
Figure 118 – Wall sconce
with utilitarian aesthetic
Figure 121 – Wall sconce
with neutral aesthetic
Figure 119 – Wall sconce
with modern aesthetic
Figure 120 – Wall sconce
with neutral aesthetic
Figure 117 – Alley lighting when the building walls abut the
drive path
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 81
ALLEY LIGHTING
case, the door should be marked with a wall
sconce, and the pathway to the alley should be
lit either with pedestrian scale lamp posts or
bollards, whichever fits the existing conditions
more appropriately. Figures 123 and 124 are
example bollard luminaires, and Figure 125
shows an example layout sketch.
ABOVE RIGHT:
Figure 122 – Alley lighting with
pedestrian poles
BOTTOM RIGHT:
Figure 125 – Alley lighting with
bollards for secondary entrances to
businesses
Figure 123 – Bollard with traditional
aesthetic
Figure 124 – Uniformly illuminated
awnings and signage
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 83
7 | power and controls for added poles and luminaries
7.1 POWER
Obtaining power for the new pedestrian scale luminaires will depend on where they are
located, who will be paying for the electricity, the time that they are supposed to operate, i.e.:
dusk-to-dawn or dusk to a fixed shut-off time, and if there are needs for other power in the
same area.
Street lighting, both intersections and
mid-block post tops, are currently directly
connected to SDG&E street circuits and are
billed via a standard SDG&E, dusk-to-dawn,
street lighting rate. These do not require a
meter or additional controls other than a
photocell on the luminaire. The standard
street lighting rate is based on the luminaires
running from dusk to dawn every day and is a
calculated (non-metered) rate.
In addition, the City has negotiated an
agreement with SDG&E for other dusk-to-dawn
lights such as the twinkle lights on Carlsbad
Village Drive and State Street to be added to
this existing SDG&E rate system. Each location
must be identified by street light and/or pole
number, with location and device description
and wattage in a contract table called “Exhibit
A – Connected to LS2 Customer Owned
Facility” which is part of the above agreement.
Luminaires must be documented and may
be added and removed from this system as
needed. This rate is also non-metered and is
calculated assuming the lights operate from
dusk to dawn.
Art installations and gobo lights will typically
require a meter pedestal as the luminaires
may be non-standard and will not typically
fit into a standard SDG&E rate. It should be
noted that if these are installed near signalized
intersections, there should already be a
metered system for the traffic signals at that
intersection that can be used. Receptacles
can be installed high on poles near these
intersections for seasonal holiday lighting as
the meter pedestal will accommodate this.
Façade and building mounted alley lighting will
have to be powered from the building that they
are connected to for electrical code reasons.
The energy that these lights utilize will be paid
for by the building owner and/or the tenants in
the building.
7.2 CONTROLS
Tree uplights should be controlled by dusk to
a fixed time utilizing timers so that they can be
shut off at a designated time such as midnight
or 2AM depending on when businesses close on
the street. This will allow some ‘dark time’ for
the health benefit of the trees. At the time this
study was done, the only way to accomplish
this is to provide meter pedestals with built in
controls on the block where these lights are
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POWER AND CONTROLS FOR ADDED POLES AND LUMINARIES
located. In the future, the ‘smart lighting’ nodes
mentioned below may be able to control these
without a meter pedestal.
Art installations should be shut off when
the nearby businesses close. This can be
accomplished within the nearby meter pedestal
discussed above with photocell/timeclock
controls.
Façade and building mounted alley lighting
should be controlled by photocell/timeclock
devices within or on the buildings to turn lights
on at dusk and off or at reduced output when
the business closes to minimize energy costs
and reduce light pollution.
7.3 ‘SMART LIGHTING’ CONTROLS
& METERING
The city has started a process to replace its
intersection and mid-block lighting with LED
luminaires. As part of this upgrade, the City
has purchased ‘smart nodes’ for some of these
luminaires that are capable of controlling the
luminaires and meter them each directly.
A fully operating control system can control
each luminaire or device via a custom schedule,
either timeclock or photocell based. The system
can monitor the status of the luminaire for
maintenance issues and can monitor the energy
usage of the luminaire.
With on-board billing and controls, the energy
savings by shutting off the decorative luminaires
mentioned above at midnight or around
the time businesses close can be realized.
Depending on the timing, level of shutoff
(complete or dimmed) and the load, savings can
be significant. Building mounted lighting will
still have to be connected to building service for
controls and metering.
The ‘smart’ system can use a mesh node
structure between luminaires with a gateway
or direct cellular communications to a cloud-
based server. For these services the city would
contract with a vendor and arrange with SDG&E
for automated billing for the energy used. When
this system is operational, luminaires can be
added, billing groups assigned, and control
timing revised with software tools remotely via a
desktop interface.
At the time this study is written, the control
system has not been activated due to the small
quantity of nodes that have been purchased.
The currently installed nodes are operating as a
local photocell only.
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VISION AND GOALS
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 85
EXISTING CONDITIONSVILLAGE AND BARRIO MASTER PLAN
8 | maintenance
One of the keys to a successful lighting program is to provide high quality products that will
withstand the harsh environments that the lighting products will experience outdoors. The
Village area is close to the coast and will experience nightly coatings of moisture (dew) and
potentially wind-blown, sea salt-laden moisture. Materials such as powder coated aluminum,
stainless steel and composite housings for underground luminaires are appropriate and
necessary to have a long-lasting system.
For State Street, where twinkle lights are
proposed to wrap the trees, commercial
grade products that are rated for long term
sun exposure should be utilized. Since these
products are at pedestrian level, this level of
product will also provide more protection from
passersby handling them.
Tree uplights and signage lighting should be
in-grade and protected by concrete collars
from pedestrians and landscape trimming
equipment. Above grade luminaires may
possibly be damaged by landscapers and/
or pedestrians, so this is a consideration
when selecting luminaires. It is sometimes
appropriate for signage lighting to be above
ground to achieve an appropriate lighting
angle to the sign. Careful design can minimize
potential damage as mentioned above.
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 87
Traditionally, many California cities financed public street and pedestrian scale decorative
lighting with re-development funding. When this source became unavailable, cities turned
to other sources such as using general city funds, grants from SANDAG, CALTRANS, and
other entities, separate lighting districts with taxing authority and Business Owner/Tenant
Associations.
Cities that received grant funding often
bundled lighting projects with other multi-
modal infrastructure projects. Refer to the
Case Studies in Attachment A for more
information on how some similar sized cities
have funded these efforts.
The Opinion of Probable Cost in the next
section was developed showing potential
phases of work. Timing for implementation
of the recommendations will depend on
availability of funds, analysis of investment
impact for specific areas and further
discussions with business owners and city
staff.
9 | implementation phasing and financing
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 89
An opinion of probable cost (OOPC) has been developed for this pedestrian lighting plan.
Refer to Appendix E for details. This OOPC was only developed for lighting systems installed
in the public right of way. Costs for building façade and alley lighting in the private realm
can only be developed after discussions with the individual owners and tenants and detailed
designs are conceived.
For areas that currently have in-ground
distribution to street lighting, adding
additional lighting to these systems from a load
standpoint should not be a problem. These
existing circuits were designed for traditional
High Intensity Discharge (HID) systems that
utilize two to three times more energy than
current LED systems. Additional trenching to
the nearest connection point will be required,
but new circuits should not be necessary.
The pricing presented in Appendix E depends
not just on unit prices and tariffs, but labor
rates, demand and other fluctuations. The
opinion presented is an estimate to give a
framework for the overall project impacts.
Some manufacturers may be interested in
direct negotiations with the City to obtain
market share for their factories. This method
can be explored at the time of project
implementation.
10 | opinion of probable cost
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 91
11 | conclusion
When a city is beautiful to look at and comfortable to be in at night, people will want to
spend time there, which in turn fosters economic growth. To date, there has not been a
comprehensive lighting plan for Carlsbad Village. The lighting as it exists now is mainly
functional: there are cobraheads to illuminate streets and intersections, and there are some
decorative pedestrian-scale lamp posts to illuminate sidewalks along select streets.
Many of the existing street lights have aging
technology and are not emitting enough light.
Where they have been upgraded with LED,
the illumination levels are better, but the fact
remains that these luminaires are geared
towards improving visibility for vehicular
traffic and not for improving the pedestrian
experience.
Case studies of nine cities of similar size as
the Village were conducted, and the studies
revealed that investment in decorative lighting
can draw people into the cities and support, if
not increase, their economic growth. Carlsbad
Village can fold decorative lighting into their
planning in the forms of adding pedestrian-
scale lamp posts along the Village Center’s
major streets, increasing the amount of
twinkle lighting along a select portion of State
Street, upgrading and augmenting the use of
the signature lamp post in the Train Station
/ Theatre area, and adding tree uplighting
along Grand Avenue and within the Hospitality
District.
Developing key intersections as a
placemaking strategy, and supplementing
these intersections with special lighting
treatments, will create a sense of excitement
among residents and visitors alike. Adding
signage lighting for enhanced wayfinding
within the Village and encouraging building
owners to improve their façade lighting using
the strategies laid out in this study will all
contribute to enriching the visual fabric of the
Village and make it a place where people will
want to come and stay a while.
Adding pedestrian lamp posts in the Pine-Tyler
Mixed Use District will allow businesses there
to flourish and also support the connection
between the Village and the Barrio. These
steps can be implemented through phasing
as discussed in the study, with the city
determining the appropriate order according to
where the best investment impact might be at
any given moment.
Ultimately, controlling the decorative lighting
so that it turns off after the businesses close
will be a strategy that the city will want to
implement as well, not only for saving energy
but also for reducing the lighting impact on
the night skies and the health of the humans,
animals, and vegetation that inhabit the
Village.
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CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
[1] RRM Design Group, et al, “Village and Barrio Master Plan 2018,” 2018.
[2] J. Benya, “Outdoor Lighting: A Comprehensive Overview of Research Findings, Regulatory
trends, and best Design Practices,” 2019.
[3] Carlsbad Village Association, “www.carlsbad-village.com,” 2019. [Online]. Available: www.
carlsbad-village.com.
[4] Lighting Research Center, “Light Pollution Q&A,” 2007. [Online]. Available: https://www.lrc.rpi.
edu/programs/nlpip/lightinganswers/lightpollution/lightPollution.asp#.
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 101 of 139
VISION AND GOALS
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 93
appendix
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 102 of 139
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 95
MIG conducted research on behalf of the City of Carlsbad, CA, to evaluate and compare how nine
comparable downtowns have used lighting in the public right-of-way to make their downtowns more
attractive to shoppers and pedestrians at night. The following summarizes the research for each city.
A.1 CITY OF CHULA VISTA
Interviewed: Patricia Ferman, Senior Landscape Architect
1. What types of decorative lighting are in your downtown business district?:
• String lighting in trees
• A weather proof J-box located under the tree grate for connection to low voltage twinkle lights has
been provided at each street tree.
• Festoon lighting between light standards - NO
• String lighting on poles - NO
• Façade lighting on buildings – Façade lighting on buildings is generally provided by the property
owners. No additional façade lighting was provided as part of the Third Avenue Streetscape.
• Up-lighting on trees – Up lighting is provided for palm trees at the street median and for accent trees
at the bulbouts.
• Other (please describe) - Street lighting is composed of Single (12’ high) and double (20’ high at
bulbouts) ornamental lights with LED luminaires.
2. When were these lighting improvements made?
• Phases I and II were completed in 2015-2016
3. How were these lighting improvements funded?
• SANDAG’s SGIP grant funding
4. Who pays for the maintenance and operating costs of this lighting?
• Third Avenue Business Association and City
5. Do you have additional seasonal lighting? If so, what does that include?
• Christmas holiday lighting
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX ACASE STUDIES
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6. Are you using LED/Smart technology in your lighting?
• Yes
7. Which grants have you been able to access for lighting?
• Lighting improvements were completed as part of the Third Avenue Streetscape project which was
funded with SANDAG’s SGIP funds and City’s matching funds.
8. Have you seen or been able to measure any increases in sales/traffic, and/or changes in safety,
perception from these lighting improvements? How were these results determined?
• Please contact Kevin Pointer in Economic Development.
9. Do you have any photography of this lighting at night?
• See Figures 126 and 127 for representative images of this lighting.
APPENDIX A
Figure 126 - Chula Vista (Image A)
Figure 127 - Chula Vista (Image B)
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 105 of 139
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 97
A.2 CITY OF DEL MAR
Interviewed: Kathleen Garcia, Planning and Community Development Director
1. What types of decorative lighting is in your downtown business district?
• String lighting in trees very minimal, and only done by businesses
• Façade lighting on buildings very minimal
• Del Mar is very much a dark sky community with very minimal lighting; we only have street lights at
intersections and on Camino del Mar.
2. When were these lighting improvements made?
• Incrementally by property owners, primarily in the 1980s because not much has changed since then.
3. How were these lighting improvements funded?
• By private property owners/businesses
4. Who pays for the maintenance and operating costs of this lighting?
• Private property owners/businesses
5. Do you have additional seasonal lighting? If so, what does that include?
• No, not now.
6. Are you using LED/Smart technology in your lighting?
• Street lights are being replaced with LED when replaced.
7. Which grants have you been able to access for lighting?
• None currently.
8. Have you seen or been able to measure any increases in sales/traffic, and/or changes in safety,
perception from these lighting improvements? How were these results determined?
• Not measured
9. Do you have any photography of this lighting at night?
• Not applicable
10. Added by interviewee:
• Del Mar is in construction on a downtown Streetscape project (in the public right-of-way) that will be
adding infrastructure to support some lighting improvements. The City is adding convenience power
at each tree well and at all the new street lights. We will have a combination of existing SDG&E tall
poles (they do not have convenience power, have been left over since this street was Highway 1) and
APPENDIX A
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98 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
pedestrian level light fixtures (+12’). These have been installed at City Hall just recently and will be
continued in all of our downtown commercial stretch (9th to 15th). These pedestrian lighting have
convenience power.
• With the new streetscape project, the actual tree string lighting, festivity lighting, or seasonal lighting
is not funded in the CIP project. The Main Street organization, the Del Mar Village Association, is
looking for grants to pay for proposed holiday lighting on the light poles and lights in the trees, but to
date, nothing has been secured.
• The City will pay for all the electricity use in the public right-of-way, including any new string lighting
in trees.
• Del Mar does not provide separate meters for decorative lighting. City pays for all lighting.
• The City of Del Mar is by intention a dark sky community. All uplighting is prohibited.
• Businesses are allowed to add decorative lighting to their façades and roof lines. They typically go
through a rigorous review with the Del Mar Design Review Board.
• Funding and projects originate within the city as a whole. The city is too small to distinguish between
Community Development and Public Works as originations of lighting projects and funding. Funding
comes for the City-wide CIP program.
A.3 CITY OF LA MESA
Interviewed: Mike Kinnard, City Engineer, Public Works
1. What types of decorative lighting is in your downtown district?
• Festoon lighting hanging across the streets
• String lighting on poles (seasonal)
• String lighting in trees (seasonal, planned for next year)
2. When were these lighting improvements made?
• All improvements were made between 2014-2015.
3. How were these lighting improvements funded?
• Festoon lighting was part of the capital improvements made as part of the overall streetscape project
described in # 7.
• Capital costs for string lighting on light poles (in place) and string lighting for trees (in progress) are
funded by the downtown business improvement district (private).
APPENDIX A
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 99
APPENDIX A
4. Who pays for the maintenance and operating costs of this lighting?
• The City of La Mesa funds on-going maintenance, installation, and storage of all lighting equipment.
• This includes a city-funded contract with a third party for the seasonal lighting installations for poles
and trees.
5. Do you have additional seasonal lighting? If so, what does that include?
• Yes, the City of La Mesa funds the annual contract with a third party vendor to install and remove all
the seasonal lighting on poles. They are planned to expand this effort next year, with funding support
from the downtown businesses.
6. Are you using LED/Smart technology in your lighting?
• No. All the original lighting was induction, they are incrementally replacing the post tops with LED.
7. What grants have you been able to access for lighting?
• The overall streetscape project was supported by several grant sources: Caltrans Transportation
Development Act (TDA), ARRA Stimulus funding, and a SANDAG Smart Growth Grant. Each grant
provided approximately $1M towards the cost of the $5.8M project, which included major sewer and
electrical upgrades. This overall project had a traffic calming element, H20 quality element, major
landscaping and lighting improvements.
8. Have you seen or been able to measure any increases in sales/traffic, and/or changes in safety,
perception from these lighting improvements? How were these results determined?
• No data is available. Measurable increases in new business locations, property valuations, favorable
media coverage. Significant improvement in public perception and civic pride, citing that the area
has gone from vacancies to vibrancy, with now parking problems in the area where the improvements
were made.
9. Do you have any photography of this lighting at night?
• Photo provided, see Figure 128.
Figure 128 – La Mesa downtown
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100 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
A.4 DOWNTOWN LAGUNA BEACH
Interviewed: Dale Schuck, Deputy Director of Public Works/Streets and Facilities,
City of Laguna Beach
1. What types of decorative lighting is in your downtown district?
• There is no decorative lighting in the downtown area with the exception of the regular street lights and
seasonal lighting.
2. When were these lighting improvements made?
• Last capital improvements for streetscape/electrical infrastructures were completed in 2005, when
they undergrounded all utilities.
3. How were these lighting improvements funded?
• Redevelopment. No recent investments made.
4. Who pays for the maintenance and operating costs of this lighting?
• NA.
• The City of Laguna Beach is in the process of purchasing 790 out of 1,100 street lights currently owned
by SCE, using general funds. This purchase is to provide the City with more control and flexibility to
adapt to technology, control data, etc. They will assume all operating and maintenance costs for all
existing downtown street lights.
5. Do you have additional seasonal lighting? If so, what does that include?
• Yes, seasonal decorative lighting is the only noteworthy decorative lighting in their downtown core. The
City of Laguna Beach annually donates $30K to the Laguna Beach Chamber of Commerce, who uses the
funds to contract for the labor and installation of string lighting on trees for a two-month period.
6. Are you using LED/Smart technology in your lighting?
• Not currently using LED in street lights; expect with ownership change the City will be incrementally
adapting these lights for LED. All of the seasonal string lighting is LED.
7. Which grants have you been able to access for lighting?
• Not aware of any grants, except the City’s grant support for holiday décor.
8. Have you seen or been able to measure any increases in sales/traffic, and/or changes in safety,
perception from these lighting improvements? How were these results determined?
• Unknown – no meaningful lighting program.
9. Do you have any photography of this lighting at night?
• No photo provided.
APPENDIX A
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 101
APPENDIX A
A.5 DOWNTOWN LOS GATOS
Interviewed: Jim Harbin, Facilities and Environmental Programs Manager, Town of Los Gatos
1. What types of decorative lighting is in your downtown district?
• Long history of having string lighting on their tree trunks and limited large branches only, year-round.
• Installed on all trees on Main Street, and for ½ mile of N. Santa Cruz, and around their Plaza Park and
its trees.
2. When were these lighting improvements made?
• Last capital improvements for streetscape/electrical infrastructures dates to Redevelopment days.
3. How were these lighting improvements funded?
• The Town of Los Gatos pays for all the costs, capital and maintenance, for this lighting installation
year-round.
4. Who pays for the maintenance and operating costs of this lighting?
• The Town of Los Gatos pays for all maintenance and operating expenses associated with both the
year-round and seasonal lighting efforts.
5. Do you have additional seasonal lighting? If so, what does that include?
• During the holidays, the Town of Los Gatos also funds the lighting of an old large tree as the Town’s
Christmas Tree, with the lighting installed year-round but only operated during the holiday season.
Additional seasonal lighting is also added in Plaza Park.
6. Are you using LED/Smart technology in your lighting?
• All of the string lighting is LED. The historic lamp posts that are part of the streetscape have NOT been
updated.
7. Which grants have you been able to access for lighting?
• A grant was received from PG&E in 2016 in support of converting all of their downtown lamp posts to
LED and this work was completed last year.
8. Have you seen or been able to measure any increases in sales/traffic, and/or changes in safety,
perception from these lighting improvements? How were these results determined?
• This decorative lighting tradition of wrapping their tree trunks is one valued by the merchants and
the City staff; they do not have any evidence or data documenting impact but anecdotally visitors and
residents comment favorably about these decorative lighting impacts.
9. Do you have any photography of this lighting at night?
• Still waiting on a photo.
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 110 of 139
102 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
A.6 DOWNTOWN SANTA BARBARA
Interviewed: Jim Dewey, Streets Operation and Infrastructure Manager; Erik Krueger, Plaza Administrator,
Downtown Santa Barbara, Inc.
1. What types of decorative lighting is in your downtown district?
• No year-round decorative lighting. Extensive seasonal décor. Ambient lighting provided by historic
lamp posts.
2. When were these lighting improvements made?
• Streetscape improvements including electrical infrastructure and pedestrian lamp posts last updated
in late 1990’s, with Redevelopment funds. Seasonal lighting installed annually.
3. How were these lighting improvements funded?
• Electrical infrastructure design and construction funded by Redevelopment Agency; subsequently
replacement and maintenance costs have been assumed by the City of Santa Barbara, with
maintenance support/coordination for needs from the downtown organization.
• Downtown Santa Barbara uses funding from its “Plaza Maintenance Contract” with the City of Santa
Barbara to annually fund the replacement and labor for seasonal décor installation. This contract for
services is funded annually as part of the Parking Dept. budget (previously in Parks).
4. Who pays for the maintenance and operating costs of this lighting?
• Downtown Santa Barbara staff monitor and report maintenance issues related to electrical
infrastructure to City Public Works.
• Downtown Santa Barbara responsible for operations, maintenance, funding and insurance for all
décor installed in the public right of way in downtown Santa Barbara.
5. Do you have additional seasonal lighting? If so, what does that include?
• Long history of having string lighting in trees along State Street consistent with the Holiday Parade
route (nine blocks), as well as shooting stars décor installed on lamp posts at intersections, seasonally.
• Décor installed beginning in November, stays up through end of December with string lighting in trees
remaining up through the end of February. Décor also includes seven kinetic holiday art sculptures
along State Street sidewalks every other year.
6. Are you using LED/Smart technology in your lighting?
• Yes, pedestrian street lamps are in the process of being converted to LED.
• Seasonal lighting transitioning to LED by the downtown organization.
• Garage and parking lot lighting being converted incrementally using City’s annual capital budgets.
APPENDIX A
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 111 of 139
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 103
7. Which grants have you been able to access for lighting?
• Some of the LED retrofit for the historic streetlamps was funded from a safety-related grant from the
Police Department Foundation. Did not receive details about state grant funds that also supported
this retrofit.
8. Have you seen or been able to measure any increases in sales/traffic, and/or changes in safety,
perception from these lighting improvements? How were these results determined?
• Customer and business perspective on lighting/safety improved each year during the holidays,
businesses generally believe it helps increase local patronage during the holiday season; no empirical
evidence. Increased customer satisfaction in public garages and lots due to lighting and other safety
improvements.
9. Do you have any photography of this lighting at night?
• Photo not provided.
A.7 CITY OF SANTA CRUZ
Interviewed: Bonnie Lipscomb, Economic Development Director
1. What types of decorative lighting is in your downtown district?
• Festoon lighting hanging between lamp posts, parallel to street. Installed evenly thoroughout the
downtown district year-round, on three downtown streets.
2. When were these lighting improvements made?
• Last round of capital improvements were made in 2010-2011, when local Redevelopment Agency was
still in place.
3. How were these lighting improvements funded?
• The capital costs were funded by Redevelopment Agency; subsequently replacement and
maintenance costs have been assumed by the City with maintenance support/coordination for needs
from the downtown organization.
• The City considered creating an infrastructure lighting district, but with push back from downtown
taxpayers they set that idea aside and instead created a matching grant program – similar to their
existing façade and signage grants – that provide 50% match from the City to the property owner - to
expand festoon lighting on private property and alleyways in their downtown.
4. Who pays for the maintenance and operating costs of this lighting?
• The City of Santa Cruz. Downtown Santa Cruz BID monitors and reports maintenance issues to City
Public Works. The City is currently working on a six-month maintenance plan, getting needed buy-in
APPENDIX A
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104 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
APPENDIX A
from other city departments.
5. Do you have additional seasonal lighting? If so, what does that include?
• No, not anymore. Their downtown district previously had seasonal twinkle lights in all the trees
along 9 blocks of Pacific Avenue, paid for annually by the Downtown BID. Businesses on side streets
complained, and a mandate for equity led to the festoon lights in place of the seasonal twinkle lights
in the trees. Now, there’s not an adequate budget or anything impactful for the holiday décor, which
the downtown organization is working to address with additional private funding.
6. Are you using LED/Smart technology in your lighting?
• No, the historic lamp posts have not been converted and the lighting impact has declined; staff
expects with climate goals being a priority this could become a project in the coming years.
7. Which grants have you been able to access for lighting?
• The only grant funding for decorative lighting is related to lighting improvements on their levy, details
were not available but am waiting to receive photos of their lighted kinetic art installation that is part
of those lighting improvements.
8. Have you seen or been able to measure any increases in sales/traffic, and/or changes in safety,
perception from these lighting improvements? How were these results determined?
• Customer and business perspective on lighting/safety improved, no empirical evidence.
9. Do you have any photography of this lighting at night?
• None provided.
A.8 CITY OF SOLANA BEACH
Interviewed: Mo Sammak, City Engineer
1. What types of decorative lighting is in your downtown business district?
• The Cedros Design District has goose-neck light fixtures that are combined with signage and other
wayfinding elements that add to the Cedros District image and brand.
• The second area that includes decorative lighting is the west side of Highway 101 between Dahlia and
Lomas Santa Fe Drive. These are taller goose-neck light fixtures that are more geared towards general
street lighting.
2. When were these lighting improvements made?
• The Cedros Design District lighting improvements were made in 1999 approximately.
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APPENDIX A
• The Highway 101 lighting improvements were completed in 2009.
3. How were these lighting improvements funded?
• The Cedros Design District lighting improvements were funded through fees collected by the Cedros
Design District Association.
• The Highway 101 lighting improvements were funded through Transnet funds. Lighting was included
as part of the larger funded projects that included roadways, sidewalks, infrastructure, etc.
4. Who pays for the maintenance and operating costs of this lighting?
• Both Cedros Design District and Highway 101 lighting maintenance and operating costs are paid for
through a city-wide Lighting District that collects fees from all property owners.
5. Do you have additional seasonal lighting? If so, what does that include?
• No additional seasonal lighting other than Holiday displays that may include secondary lights.
6. Are you using LED/Smart technology in your lighting?
• Both Cedros Design District and Highway 101 light fixtures (that the city owns) have been converted to
LED. The city does not utilize smart technology on street lighting.
• It should be noted that approximately one-third of all street lights in Solana Beach are owned by
SDGE, which was grandfathered in when the city was incorporated in 1986.
7. Which grants have you been able to access for lighting?
• The city has not utilized grants for lighting projects.
8. Have you seen or been able to measure any increases in sales/traffic, and/or changes in safety,
perception from these lighting improvements? How were these results determined?
• The city does not track increase in retail/restaurant sales, but they did note that their electrical bills
have dropped significantly since they converted to LED.
9. Do you have any photography of this lighting at night?
• The city does not have nighttime photographs.
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106 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
A.9 CITY OF VENTURA
Interviewed: Vince Toeby, Head Electrician; Kevin Clerici, Downtown Ventura Association
1. What types of decorative lighting is in your downtown district?
• Long history of having string lighting in trees, seasonally. Last installed in 2014.
• Currently have festoon lighting hanging between lamp posts, parallel to street. Installed evenly on
seven blocks of Main Street year-round, as well as installed on several side streets/alleyways that also
support pedestrian movement.
2. When were these lighting improvements made?
• Last round of lighting improvements to provide festoon lighting year-round made in 2010, providing
the needed infrastructure to power lighting from established circuits. Expanded to side streets in 2014.
3. How were these lighting improvements funded?
• Electrical infrastructure design and construction funded by Redevelopment Agency; subsequently
replacement and maintenance costs have been assumed by the City of Ventura, with maintenance
support/coordination for needs from the downtown organization. Downtown Ventura Association
conducted a fundraising campaign to pay for the lighting improvements.
4. Who pays for the maintenance and operating costs of this lighting?
• Downtown Ventura staff monitor and report maintenance issues to City Public Works. The City of
Ventura covers all labor and direct maintenance costs, including power.
5. Do you have additional seasonal lighting? If so, what does that include?
• Their downtown district previously had seasonal twinkle lights installed in the trees on Main Street,
paid for annually by the Downtown Ventura Association.
• They elect now to keep the festoon lighting up year-round, and they add holiday décor at intersections
on light posts as well as holiday banners and greenery.
6. Are you using LED/Smart Technology in your lighting?
• Yes, pedestrian street lamps are LED, converted incrementally using city budget funding, beginning in
2014.
7. Which grants have you been able to access for lighting?
• Local grant support provided to Downtown Ventura Association as part of their private fundraising
effort from their Chamber, local college foundation, and Patagonia.
APPENDIX A
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 107
8. Have you seen or been able to measure any increases in sales/traffic, and/or changes in safety,
perception from these lighting improvements? How were these results determined?
• Customer and business perspective on lighting/safety improved, no empirical evidence. Merchants
are happier with festoon lighting, but some still want the tree lighting done seasonally.
9. Do you have any photography of this lighting at night?
• Photo not provided.
APPENDIX A
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 116 of 139
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CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 109
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX BEXISTING LIGHTING CONDITIONS MAP
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APPENDIX B
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Streetlight Cobrahead
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Pedestrian-scale acorn-style lamp post wrapped with twinkle lights
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r
l
s
b
a
d
B
l
v
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Grand Av
e
Carlsbad
Villag
e Driv
e
Oak Ave
Beech Av
e
Pine Av
e
Grand Av
e
Oak Ave
Lin
c
o
l
n
S
tChristians
en
Ave
Beech Av
e
Carlsbad VillageExisting Lighting Conditions Map
APPENDIX B
Not to Scale
Print Size 24"W x 18"HNorthTrees with uplights on trunks (small symbols on State St. do not exist)
Streetlight Cobrahead
Pedestrian-scale acorn-style lamp post (existing)
Trees with twinkle lights
Pedestrian-scale acorn-style lamp post wrapped with twinkle lights
GIS DATA
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 118 of 139
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 119 of 139
VISION AND GOALS
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 111
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX CEXISTING CONDITIONS SUMMARY
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc) General sources of light
Roosevelt/State 1.3 mid block & post-top
Harding/Jefferson, north side 1.3 mid block & busn
Harding/Jefferson, south side 0.84 mid block & church
Carlsbad Village Drive
Business, (busn)
-Cobraheads - mid block,
-Lamp posts
-Induction,
-LED
--
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
Roosevelt/State 1.18 mid block & busn
Washington/Carlsbad Blvd.0.74 mid block
Carlsbad Blvd./Garfield 0.57 mid block & hotel
Madison/Roosevelt 0.56 mid block & busn
Grand Avenue
Business
-Cobraheads - intersections
-Cobraheads - mid block,
-Lamp posts
-Induction,
-LED
-Large trees blocking cobraheads & post-tops.
-Some tree-strapped RGB accent lights.
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 120 of 139
112 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
Madison/Roosevelt 0.07 none
Washington/Lincoln 0.09 nearby apartments
Oak Avenue
Mixed use
--
--
Only commercial bldg- and resi-mounted lights
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
Carlsbad Blvd/Washington 0.15 mid block (construction site)
At intersection with Washington 2.1 Bell-shaped luminaires along west side of
RR tracks
Along Washington toward Beech 0.14 none
Christiansen Avenue
Mixed use
Cobra head mid block
Induction
Construction sites. Shephred's Crooks along west
side of tracks.
APPENDIX C
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 121 of 139
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 113
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
Carlsbad Blvd/Washington 0.15 mid block (construction site)
At intersection with Washington 2.1 Bell-shaped luminaires along west side of
RR tracks
Along Washington toward Beech 0.14 none
Christiansen Avenue
Mixed use
Cobra head mid block
Induction
Construction sites. Shephred's Crooks along west
side of tracks.
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
Oak/Carlsbad Village Drive 0.79 busn lights
Carlsbad Village Drive/Grand 0.69 mid block & busn lights
Mixed use
Cobrahead at intersection
Induction
Commercial, civic & resi. One induction at end-of-life.
Several bldg-mounted lights.
Harding Street
APPENDIX C
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 122 of 139
114 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
APPENDIX C
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
Oak/Carlsbad Village Drive 0.18 none
Carlsbad Village Drive/Grand 0.72 mid block & busn lights
Residential (resi)
Cobraheads mid block/intersections
Induction
Some bldg-mounts
Jefferson Street
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
Oak/Carlsbad Village Drive 0.24 mid block & resi & busn
Carlsbad Village Drive/Grand 0.28 mid block & busn
Mixed use
Cobraheads mid block/intersections
Induction
Very dark on south side of Madison
Madison Street
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
Oak/Carlsbad Village Drive 0.69 mid block & busn
Grand/Beech 0.89 mid block & busn
Carlsbad Village Drive/Grand 0.85 mid block & busn
Business
Cobraheads mid block/intersections
LED
LED at intersection performs well
Roosevelt Street
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 123 of 139
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 115
APPENDIX C
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
Carlsbad Village /Grand, west side 1.5 mid block & twinkle & busn
Grand/Beech 1.15 mid block & busn
Carlsbad Village /Grand, east side 2.6 mid block & twinkle & busn
Business
Cobrahead at intersection/Lamp posts
LED, Induction
Construction site at State and Oak. Mid block lamp
posts. Twinkle lights in trees.
State Street
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
Oak/Carlsbad Village 0.08 none, parking lot across street
Carlsbad Village/Grand 0.57 parking lot & acorn post-top
Business
Cobrahead at intersection
LED
Only fixture on block was BO. Only light was from
LED in parking lot across the street
Washington Street
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 124 of 139
116 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
APPENDIX C
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
Carlsbad Village/Grand 1.3 (4:1) mid block & twinkle & post-top
Christiansen/Beech 0.31 none
Grand/Christiansen 0.2 hotel
Business
Cobrahead mid block
Induction
--
Carlsbad Blvd.
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
At intersection Pine and Tyler 0.24 mid block & resi
Residential
Cobraheads at intersection
LED
Floods on poles in front of appartment bldg.
Pine-Tyler (mixed use A)
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
At intersection Pine and Tyler 0.24 mid block & resi
Residential
Cobraheads at intersection
LED
Floods on poles in front of appartment bldg.
Pine-Tyler (mixed use A)
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 125 of 139
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 117
APPENDIX C
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
Along Roosevelt - Pine/Walnut 0.13 mid block & busn
Residential & business
Cobraheads at intersection
LED, Induction
Big contrast between LED and Induction sources
Pine-Tyler (mixed use B)
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
Harding/Jefferson 0.25 mid block BO, church & school
Jefferson/Madison 0.28 mid block & resi
Madison/Roosevelt 0.19 mid block
Mixed use
Cobraheads at mid block & intersection
Inuction, LED
One mid block is BO. Most light comes from bldg
mounts.
Pine Avenue
Land Use type ("street typology")
Lighting fixture types
Light sources
Additional Comments
Location along street - x/y,
(along block between x street
and y street)
Average
Light
level, (fc)
General sources of light
East side of traffic circle 1.8 Shepherd's Crook-front of station
Grand at alley leading to station 0.17 mid block inside of trees
In alley leading to train station 0.11 none
In alley - Grand/Carlsbad Village 0.31 alley mid block
Transit
Bell shaped fixtures on Shepherd's Crooks
Metal Halide
West side well lit. East side toward Carlsbad Village
is badly underlit.
Train Station, East Side
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 126 of 139
APPENDIX D | CARLSBAD VILLAGE LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS MAP
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s
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a
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v
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Grand
Ave
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d
Village Drive
Oak Ave
Beech AvePine AveGrand
Ave
Oak Ave
Li
n
c
o
l
n
S
tChristiansen AveBeech Ave
Carlsbad VillageLighting Recommendations Map
APPENDIX D
Not to Scale
Print Size 24"W x 18"H
Palm Tre
e
Uplighting
Army & NavySports Complex
P
P
P
New VillageArts Thtr
Lola's Walnut
A
v
e
Chestnut
Ty
l
e
r
S
t
.
El Torrito
Add pedestrian lamp posts
SeniorCenter
CommunityCenter
Pine Av
e.
Park
Resi
Resi
Resi
Resi
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Bank
P
P Parking lot (private)
P Parking lot (public)
P
Resi
Resi
Busn
Resi Mainly residential
Busn Business P
P
Railroad Tracks
Arbuckle
Parking lot (public) sign, add light
P
City sign, add light
Add tree uplights to median/planting strip
City feature (Kiosk/statue/fountain), add light
Add specialty lighting to highlight key intersectionsOce
a
n
S
t
.Gar
f
i
e
l
d
S
t
.
P P
TrainStation
P
P
P
Busn Key Business/Landmark
PizzaPort
CarlsbadSign
Street light Cobrahead
Pedestrian-scale acorn-style lamp post (existing)
Trees with twinkle lights
Pedestrian-scale acorn-style lamp post wrapped with twinkle lightsRemove twinkle lights
Trees with uplights on trunks (small symbols on State St. do not exist)Remove uplights
Park101
Cessy's
Daily NewsCafe
FrescoTrattoria
Laguna Dr Buena Vista CrP
P
CarlsbadVillage Thtr
P
GIS DATA
Dual-head lantern, privately owned
Bell-shaped lamp posts
Add bell-shaped lamp posts
HistoricDepot
P
R
o
t
a
r
y
P
a
r
k
W
a
s
h
i
n
g
t
o
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S
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.
Busn
Busn
Resi
Resi
Resi
Busn
Busn
Army & NavyAcademy
Cypress Ave.
CarlsbadHistoricalSoc.
BusnResi
Resi
Resi .......Future Alley........
Busn
Resi
Resi
ResiResi
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Post Office
Busn
Busn
Busn
ResiResi
Resi
Resi
Busn
Busn
Resi
ResiResi
Resi
CommunityChurch
ChurchBusn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn P
P
EmptyLots
Acorn-style refractor lantern, on city-standard concrete pole
P
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
P
Resi
Busn
PP
Busn
Busn
Resi
Resi
Busn
BusnP
Add crook-arm lamp posts with Carlsbad Logo,Remove twinkle-light wrapping, basket planter hangers to remain
Not currently high-activity business area, but addpedestrian lamp posts for future development of business area
Add add/maintain tree twinkle lights, and/oradd parapet-mounted twinkle lights at business facades
Add pedestrian lamp posts with festoon twinkle lightsspanning between them parallel to streetor parapet-mounted twinkle lights at business facades
P
CarlsbadBy the Sea
Busn PPalm Tre
e
Upli
g
hti
n
g
Palm
T
r
e
e
U
p
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g
h
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g
Pa
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T
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e
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U
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Pa
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T
r
e
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U
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t
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n
g
Palm Tre
e
U
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li
g
ht
i
n
g
Palm Tre
e
Uplightin
g
St. MichaelBy the Sea
Magee Park
Resi
Resi
Home
Av
e.
H
o
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e
A
v
e
.
Busn
Resi
Resi
Busn
Busn
CarlsbadAlkaline Water
City historically significant feature (no need to add light)Palm Tree UplightingCity entry point, already illuminated
City entry point, add lighting treatment
Key Village Recommendations Map, from Master Plan page 1-21
Resi
Busn
Resi
Busn Resi
Resi
Busn
Resi
Busn
Busn
Resi
Resi
Resi
Resi
Busn
Resi
Resi
Busn
Busn
Walnut
Pine A
ve.
Village Study Boundary
Resi
Busn
Resi
Resi
Resi
Busn
Resi
Church
Resi Church
Resi
Resi
Busn
Sta
t
e
S
t
P
Busn
Busn
Mou
n
t
a
i
n
V
i
e
w
D
r
Palm Tree UplightingAdd trees at each corner, with uplights
P
P
P
P
North
Resi
Village and Barrio Master Plan Area District Map, from Master Plan page 2-2
P
Busn
Resi
Resi
Busn
Busn
Add bell-shaped lamp posts to parking lotP
Li
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S
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June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 127 of 139
VISION AND GOALS
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 119
APPENDIX D | CARLSBAD VILLAGE LIGHTING RECOMMENDATIONS MAP
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B
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Grand
Ave
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Village Drive
Oak Ave
Beech AvePine AveGrand
Ave
Oak Ave
Li
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Carlsbad VillageLighting Recommendations Map
APPENDIX D
Not to Scale
Print Size 24"W x 18"H
Palm Tre
e
Uplighting
Army & NavySports Complex
P
P
P
New VillageArts Thtr
Lola's Walnut
A
v
e
Chestnut
Ty
l
e
r
S
t
.
El Torrito
Add pedestrian lamp posts
SeniorCenter
CommunityCenter
Pine Av
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Park
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Bank
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PParking lot (private)
PParking lot (public)
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Resi
Resi
Busn
ResiMainly residential
BusnBusinessP
P
Railroad Tracks
Arbuckle
Parking lot (public) sign, add light
P
City sign, add light
Add tree uplights to median/planting strip
City feature (Kiosk/statue/fountain), add light
Add specialty lighting to highlight key intersectionsOce
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PP
TrainStation
P
P
P
BusnKey Business/Landmark
PizzaPort
CarlsbadSign
Street light Cobrahead
Pedestrian-scale acorn-style lamp post (existing)
Trees with twinkle lights
Pedestrian-scale acorn-style lamp post wrapped with twinkle lightsRemove twinkle lights
Trees with uplights on trunks (small symbols on State St. do not exist)Remove uplights
Park101
Cessy's
Daily NewsCafe
FrescoTrattoria
Laguna DrBuena Vista CrP
P
CarlsbadVillage Thtr
P
GIS DATA
Dual-head lantern, privately owned
Bell-shaped lamp posts
Add bell-shaped lamp posts
HistoricDepot
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R
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t
a
r
y
P
a
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k
W
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h
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Busn
Busn
Resi
Resi
Resi
Busn
Busn
Army & NavyAcademy
Cypress Ave.
CarlsbadHistoricalSoc.
BusnResi
Resi
Resi.......Future Alley........
Busn
Resi
Resi
ResiResi
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Post Office
Busn
Busn
Busn
ResiResi
Resi
Resi
Busn
Busn
Resi
ResiResi
Resi
CommunityChurch
ChurchBusn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
BusnP
P
EmptyLots
Acorn-style refractor lantern, on city-standard concrete pole
P
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
Busn
P
Resi
Busn
PP
Busn
Busn
Resi
Resi
Busn
BusnP
Add crook-arm lamp posts with Carlsbad Logo,Remove twinkle-light wrapping, basket planter hangers to remain
Not currently high-activity business area, but addpedestrian lamp posts for future development of business area
Add add/maintain tree twinkle lights, and/oradd parapet-mounted twinkle lights at business facades
Add pedestrian lamp posts with festoon twinkle lightsspanning between them parallel to streetor parapet-mounted twinkle lights at business facades
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CarlsbadBy the Sea
BusnPPalm Tre
e
Upli
g
hti
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g
Palm
T
r
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U
p
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g
h
t
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Pa
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T
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Pa
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T
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Palm Tre
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U
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ht
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Palm Tre
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Uplightin
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St. MichaelBy the Sea
Magee Park
Resi
Resi
Home
Av
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H
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p
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A
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Busn
Resi
Resi
Busn
Busn
CarlsbadAlkaline Water
City historically significant feature (no need to add light)Palm Tree UplightingCity entry point, already illuminated
City entry point, add lighting treatment
Key Village Recommendations Map, from Master Plan page 1-21
Resi
Busn
Resi
BusnResi
Resi
Busn
Resi
Busn
Busn
Resi
Resi
Resi
Resi
Busn
Resi
Resi
Busn
Busn
Walnut
Pine A
ve.
Village Study Boundary
Resi
Busn
Resi
Resi
Resi
Busn
Resi
Church
Resi Church
Resi
Resi
Busn
Sta
t
e
S
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P
Busn
Busn
Mou
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V
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Palm Tree UplightingAdd trees at each corner, with uplights
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P
P
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North
Resi
Village and Barrio Master Plan Area District Map, from Master Plan page 2-2
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Busn
Resi
Resi
Busn
Busn
Add bell-shaped lamp posts to parking lotP
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June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 128 of 139
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 129 of 139
VISION AND GOALS
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 121
APPENDIX EOPINION OF PROBABLECOST TABLE
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING STUDY
Appendix E Opinion of Probable Cost
May 28, 2019
Phase Description Subtotals
1 State Street, and ped poles on Madison, Roosevelt, Tyler, Washington, and
Carlsbad Boulevard $1,359,337.40
2 Grand Avenue to Carlsbad Boulevard $456,383.00
3 Carlsbad Village Drive from Harding Street to Ocean Street $295,337.85
4 Train Station Area $371,148.80
5 Hospitality District (excepting ped poles, see phase 1 )$553,117.60
6
Key Intersection lighting (5 intersections) plus two "arrival beacons" (Harding
Street and Walnut Avenue); lighting for added trees at select intersections and
pattern projection lighting at intersections and select alleys $830,078.00
7 Add ped poles to secondary streets to encourage future development (peach
color on map)$1,280,511.20
$5,145,913.85
26-Jun-19
Grand Total
Summary of Opinion of Probable Cost
C.2
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 130 of 139
122 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
APPENDIX E
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 131 of 139
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 123
APPENDIX E
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 132 of 139
124 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
APPENDIX E
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 133 of 139
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 125
APPENDIX E
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 134 of 139
126 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING STUDY
Appendix E Opinion of Probable Cost
May 28, 2019
Line Street Description of Task/Item Qty (est.)
CN cost
(material), per item (estimated)
Labor
(installation or other), estimated total
Total Material and
Labor Cost (estimated)Subtotals
Remove existing concrete lamp posts and luminaires on Washington Street between Carlsbad
Village Drive and Grand Avenue; reserve concrete
lamp posts for future use 10 $500.00 $2,200.00 $7,200.00
Add new bell-shaped LED luminaires and lamp
posts to match those at Carlsbad Village Station to
existing locations on Washington Street between Carlsbad Village Drive and Grand Avenue
10 $2,500.00 $23,818.10 $48,818.10
Add new bell-shaped LED luminaires and lamp
posts to match those at Carlsbad Village Station to
alley at historic Santa Fe Depot, between Carlsbad
Village Drive and Grand Avenue
8 $2,500.00 $19,152.80 $39,152.80
Add new bell-shaped LED luminaires and lamp posts to match those at Carlsbad Village Station to alley at entry to Village Station up to and beyond the
roundabout, to Beech Avenue 12 $2,500.00 $28,729.20 $58,729.20
Add new bell-shaped LED luminaires to match those at Carlsbad Train Station to Christiansen Avenue between State Street and Carlsbad
Boulevard 14 $2,500.00 $33,517.40 $68,517.40
Add inground uplighting to 22 palm trees at median in alley entrance to Train Station, and along spur of
Christiansen Avenue between the alley and State
Street 44 $1,000.00 $25,687.40 $69,687.40
Add sign lighting to two Carlsbad Village Station
signs 2 $750.00 $2,171.90 $3,671.90
Optional: Replace existing dual-head bell-shaped
lamp posts throughout Train Station area with new LED versions and updated paint color (use this
pole/luminaire for all new instances of this
pedestrian lamp post if this option is taken)
22 $2,500.00 $20,372.00 $75,372.00
$371,148.80
19-Mar-19
Summary:Train Station Area
Total Phase 4
9 Train Station Area $371,148.80
Phase 4
C.6
APPENDIX E
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 135 of 139
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 127
APPENDIX E
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 136 of 139
128 | CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING STUDY
Appendix E Opinion of Probable Cost
May 28, 2019
Line Street Description of Task/Item Qty
(est.)
CN cost (material), per
item (estimated)
Labor (installation or
other), estimated total
Total Material and Labor Cost (estimated)Subtotals
Assuming 8 trees are added to the 4 corners of the
intersection of Carlsbad Village Drive and Harding Street, add uplighting (2 lights per tree). Cost does
not include palms.16 $1,000.00 $7,040.00 $23,040.00
Decorative catenary cable lighting allowance 1 $16,000.00 $8,800.00 $24,800.00
Extend street light poles by 5' vertically to attach catenary cables to, for decorative lighting to span
intersection 1 $16,000.00 $1,660.00 $17,660.00
Assuming 5 trees are added to the 4 corners of the intersection of Carlsbad Village Drive and Roosevelt Street, add uplighting (2 lights per tree)
Cost does not include palms.10 $1,000.00 $3,300.00 $13,300.00
Decorative catenary cable lighting allowance 2 $16,000.00 $17,600.00 $49,600.00
Extend street light poles by 5' vertically to attach
catenary cables to, for decorative lighting to span
intersection 2 $16,000.00 $3,320.00 $35,320.00
Attach t-bar extensions with weather-proof 120V power and control distribution to top of each street
light pole, for gobo projectors at Carlsbad Village
Drive 4 $20,000.00 $5,280.00 $85,280.00
Gobo projectors (Carlsbad Village Drive)12 $3,500.00 $10,560.00 $52,560.00
Lighting for Bird of Paradise mosaic artwork 2 $2,500.00 $440.00 $5,440.00
Attach t-bar extensions with weather-proof 120V
power and control distribution to top of each street light pole, for gobo projectors at Grand Avenue 4 $20,000.00 $5,517.00 $85,517.00
Gobo projectors (Grand Avenue)12 $3,500.00 $10,560.00 $52,560.00
Controls to adjust lighting and to connect to walk signals (one unit for both intersections)1 $50,000.00 $1,320.00 $51,320.00
14
Add Lighting to Trees
at Carlsbad Village
Drive and Jefferson Street
Assuming 7 trees are added to the 4 corners of the
intersection of Carlsbad Village Drive and Jefferson
Street, add uplighting (2 lights per tree). Cost estimate does not include palms.14 $1,000.00 $4,620.00 $18,620.00
$18,620.00
15
Add Lighting to Trees
at Carlsbad Village Drive and Madison
Street
Assuming 6 trees are added to the 4 corners of the
intersection of Carlsbad Village Drive and Jefferson Street, add uplighting (2 lights per tree). Cost
estimate does not include palms.12 $1,000.00 $3,960.00 $15,960.00
$15,960.00
Hire an artist to engage with the community, and
design and fabricate self-illuminated artwork for the "arrival beacon".1 $50,000.00 $0.00 $50,000.00
Artwork allowance* + labor for installation 1 $50,000.00 $2,287.00 $52,287.00
Hire an artist to engage with the community, and design and fabricate self-illuminated artwork for the
"arrival beacon".1 $50,000.00 $0.00 $50,000.00
Artwork allowance* + labor for installation 1 $50,000.00 $2,287.00 $52,287.00
Gobo Projectors 12 $3,500.00 $10,560.00 $52,560.00
Controls to adjust lighting and to connect to building
circutis with time clock and photocell 12 $2,500.00 $11,967.00 $41,967.00
$830,078.00
* Artwork allowances and labor estimations will require adjustment once artist is hired and design concepts are approved and budgeted 26-Jun-19
Phase 6 Summary:Key Intersection lighting (5 intersections) plus two "arrival beacons" (Harding Street and Walnut Avenue); lighting for added trees at 4 intersections and Pattern (Gobo) projectors at alleys
$102,287.0016Arrival Beacon at Carlsbad Village Drive
and Harding Street
12
Key Intersection Lighting (2 intersections) -
Carlsbad Village Drive and Roosevelt Street; Grand Avenue and
Roosevelt Street
$98,220.00
11
Key Intersection Lighting (1
intersection) - Carlsbad Village Drive and Harding Street
$65,500.00
13
Key Intersection Lighting (2 intersections) -
Carlsbad Village Drive and Carlsbad Boulevard; Grand
Avenue and Carlsbad Boulevard
$332,677.00
Total Phase 6
17
Arrival Beacon at
Carlsbad Boulevard and Walnut Avenue $102,287.00
18 Gobo Projectors at Six Alleys. Two each $94,527.00
C.8
APPENDIX E
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 137 of 139
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHT STUDY | 129
CARLSBAD VILLAGE DECORATIVE PEDESTRIAN LIGHTING STUDY
Appendix E Opinion of Probable Cost
May 28, 2019
Line Street Description of Task/Item Qty
(est.)
CN cost (material), per
item
(estimated)
Labor (installation or
other),
estimated total
Total Material and
Labor Cost
(estimated)
Subtotals
Harding Street, in the 3 blocks between Grand
Avenue and Pine Avenue 30 $2,450.00 $61,911.60 $135,411.60
Jefferson Street, in the 3 blocks between Home Avenue and Oak Avenue 30 $2,450.00 $61,911.60 $135,411.60
Madison Street, in the 2 long blocks between Grand Avenue and Laguna Drive 40 $2,450.00 $78,685.60 $176,685.60
Roosevelt Street, in the 2 long blocks between
Beech Avenue and Laguna Drive 40 $2,450.00 $78,685.60 $176,685.60
State Street, in the 2 long blocks between BeechAvenue and Laguna Drive 40 $2,450.00 $79,623.60 $177,623.60
Oak Avenue, in the 9 blocks between I-5 and Ocean
Street 90 $2,450.00 $185,067.60 $405,567.60
Beech Avenue, between Carlsbad Boulevard and Washington Street, and between State Street and
Roosevelt Street 16 $2,450.00 $33,925.60 $73,125.60
$1,280,511.20
17-May-19
Summary:Add ped poles to secondary streets to encourage future development (peach color on map)
Total Phase 7
19
Additional Pedestrian
Lamp posts at secondary streets $1,280,511.20
Phase 7
C.9
APPENDIX E
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 138 of 139
1200 Carlsbad Village Drive
Carlsbad, CA 92008
760-434-2820
www.carlsbadca.gov
June 25, 2019 Item #16 Page 139 of 139