HomeMy WebLinkAbout2016-06-14; Municipal Water District; Resolution 15511
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RESOLUTION NO. 1551
A RESOLUTION OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF CARLSBAD
MUNICIPAL WATER DISTRICT TO APPROVE THE 2015 URBAN
WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN FOR CARLSBAD MUNICIPAL WATER
DISTRICT
WHEREAS, the 2015 Urban Water Management Plan (Plan) has been prepared by the
7 Carlsbad Municipal Water District (CMWD) in conformance with the Urban Water Management
8 Planning Act contained in California Water Code sections 10610 et. seq.; and
g WHEREAS, Section 10642 of the California Water Code requires that prior to adopting a
1 O Plan, an urban water supplier shall make the Plan available for public inspection and hold a Public
11 Hearing to receive public comment regarding the Plan; and
12 WHEREAS, the CMWD has made copies of the Plan available for review at the City of
13 Carlsbad's Faraday Center, 1635 Faraday Avenue; at the Carlsbad City Libraries located at 1250
14 Carlsbad Village Drive and 1775 Dove Lane; at the City Clerk's Office, 1200 Carlsbad Village Drive
15 and on the City of Carlsbad's website at www.carlsbadca.gov. In conformance with the California
16 Water Code section 10621, CMWD mailed a 60-day Public Hearing notification letter to all city and
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county agencies within which CMWD provides water supplies on March 30, 2016. The Notice of
Public Hearing was published on May 24 and May 31, 2016; and
WHEREAS, a Public Hearing was held on this day to receive public comment regarding the
Plan.
NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Board of the Carlsbad Municipal Water District,
California, as follows:
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1.
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That the above recitations are true and correct.
That the Board approves the 2015 Urban Water Management Plan for Carlsbad
26 Municipal Water District, which is attached hereto as Attachment A (on file in the Office of the City
27 Clerk).
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2015 Urban Water Management Plan
Carlsbad Municipal Water District
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Draft
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... E~1
ES 1 PURPOSE AND ORGANIZATION ...................................................................................................... ES-1
ES 2 CMWD's SERVICE AR EA BACKGROUND AND WATER SUPPLIES ....................................................... ES-2
ES 3 CMWD's CURRENT AND PROJECTED DEMANDS ............................................................................ ES-3
ES 4 CMWD'S WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY ......................................................................................... ES-5
ES 5 WATER SHORTAGES AND DEMAND MANAGEMENT ......................................................................... ES-5
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVleN ...................................................................................... 1-1
1.1 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ......................................................................................................... 1-1
1.2 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING ACT ................................................................................. 1-1
1 .3 RELATION TO OTHER PLANNING EFFORTS ........................................................................................ 1-2
SECTION 2 PLAN PREPARATION ......................................................................................................... 2-1
2 .1 BASIS FOR PREPARING A PLAN AND AGENCY IDENTIFICATION ............................................................ 2-1
2.2 AGENCY COORDINATION ................................................................................................................ 2-2
2.3 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION .................................................................................................................. 2-3
2.4 PLAN ORGANIZATION ..................................................................................................................... 2-4
SECTION 3 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................... 3-1
3 .1 DESCRIPTION OF SERVICE AREA ..................................................................................................... 3 -1
3.1.1 Agency Organizational Structure ........................................................................................ 3-1
3.1.2 Service Area Climate ............................................................................................................ 3-3
3.1.3 Population and Demographics ............................................................................................ 3-3
3.1.4 Existing and Future Development. ...................................................................................... 3-4
3.1.5 Overview of Significant Water Uses .................................................................................... 3-6
3.2 DESCRIPTION OF WATER SYSTEM ................................................................................................... 3 -6
3.3 WATER SYSTEM BACKGROUND ...................................................................................................... 3 -8
3.4 CLIMATE CHANGE ......................................................................................................................... 3.9
3.4.1 Climate Action Plan and Energy Intensity of Water System .............................................. 3-9
3.4.2 Climate Change Vulnerability Analysis ............................................................................. 3-10
SECTION 4 SYSTEM WATER USE ......................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 EXISTING WATER USE AND DEMANDS ............................................................................................. 4 -1
4.1.1 Water Use by Sector ............................................................................................................ 4-2
4.1.2 Additional Water Uses ......................................................................................................... 4-4
4.1.3 Distribution System Water Losses ...................................................................................... 4-5
4.1.4 Sa/es to Other Agencies ...................................................................................................... 4-5
4.1.5 Estimating Water Savings from Codes, Ordinances, or Transportation and Land Use
Plans ............................................................................................................................................... 4-5
4.1.6 Climate Change Effects on Demand ................................................................................... 4-7
4.2 PROJECTED WATER DEMANDS ....................................................................................................... 4-8
4.3 PROJECTED TOTAL WATER USE AND DEMAND PROJ ECTION PROVIDED TO WHOLESALER ..................... 4 -11
4.4 WATER DEMANDS FOR LOWER INCOM E HOUSEHOLDS .................................................................... 4-12
SECTION 5 BASELINES AND TARGETS ............................................................................................... 5-1
5.1 OVERVIEW OF BASELINES AND TARGETS CALCULATIONS ................................................................... 5 -1
5.2 WATER USE AND SBX7-7 COMPLIANCE .......................................................................................... 5 -2
5.2.1 Baseline GPCD Water Use ................................................................................................... 5-2
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5.2.2 Baseline Periods .................................................................................................................. 5-3
5.2.3 SBx7-7 Baseline and Targets .............................................................................................. 5-4
SECTION 6 WATERSUPPLIES .............................................................................................................. 6-1
6.1 SUMMARY OF EXISTING AND PLANNED WATER SOURCES .................................................................. 6-1
6.2 PURCHASED WATER ................................................ , ..................................................................... 6-3
6.2.1 Metropolitan Water District of Southern California ........................................................... 6-3
6.2.2 San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA) ...................................................................... 6-3
6.3 LOCAL SURFACE WATER AND GROUNDWATER .................................................................................. 6-4
6.4 STORM WATER ............................................................................................................................. 6-6
6.5 SEAWATER DESALINATION ............................................................................................................. 6-6
6.6 TRANSFERS AND EXCHANGE OPPORTUNITIES ................................................................................... 6-7
6. 7 WASTEWATER AND RECYCLED WATER ............................................................................................ 6-7
6. 7.1 Recycled Water Coordination .............................................................................................. 6-8
6. 7.2 Wastewater Treatment and Collection Facilities ............................................................... 6-8
6. 7.3 Recycled Water Master Plan ............................................................................................. 6-13
6. 7.4 Recycled Water Use ........................................................................................................... 6-13
6. 7.5 Potential and Projected Recycled Water Use ................................................................... 6-16
6. 7.6 Methods to Encourage Recycled Water Use .................................................................... 6-16
6.8 FUTURE WATER PROJECTS ........................................................................................................... 6-18
6.9 CURRENT AND PROJECTED WATER SUPPLIES ................................................................................ 6-21
6.10 ENERGY INTENSITY OF SUPPLIES .................................................................................................. 6-23
6.11 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS TO SUPPLY ......................................................................................... 6-24
SECTION 7 WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY ............................................................................................ 7-1
7.1 CONSTRAINTSONWATERSOURCES ................................................................................................ 7-1
7 .2 RELIABILITY BY TYPE OF YEAR ........................................................................................................ 7-3
7 .3 SUPPLY AND DEMAND ASSESSMENT .............................................................................................. 7 -5
7.3.1 Single-Dry Year ..................................................................................................................... 7-7
7.3.2 Multiple-Dry Year .................................................................................................................. 7-8
SECTION 8 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLANNING ................................................................ 8-1
8.1 WATER SHORTAGE CONTINGENCY PLAN .......................................................................................... 8-1
8.1.1 Stages of Action ................................................................................................................... 8 -1
8.1.2 Prohibitions, Consumption Reduction Methods, and Penalties ........................................ 8-3
8.1.3 Determining Water Use Reductions ................................................................................... 8-7
8.2 DESCRIPTION OF REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IMPACTS ................................................................... 8-8
8 .3 CATASTROPHIC SUPPLY INTERRUPTION PLAN ................................................................................. 8-10
8.4 MINIMUM SUPPLY NEXT THREE YEARS ......................................................................................... 8-10
SECTION 9 DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES .............................................................................. 9-1
9.1 CURRENT DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES ................................................................................ 9-1
9.1.1 Water Waste Prevention Ordinances .................................................................................. 9-1
9.1.2 Metering ............................................................................................................................... 9-2
9.1.3 Conservation Pricing ............................................................................................................ 9-2
9.1.4 Public Education and Outreach .......................................................................................... 9-3
9.1.5 Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss .................................... 9-5
9.1.6 Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support ................................... 9-6
9.2 DMM ACTIVITY ............................................................................................................................ 9-6
9 .3 FUTURE DMM IMPLEMENTATION ................................................................................................... 9-8
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SECTION 10 PLAN ADOPTION, SUBMITTAL, ANO IMPLEMENTATION ................................................ 10·1
10.1 PLAN REVIEW AND NOTIFICATION PROCESS ................................................................................... 10-1
10.2 PLAN ADOPTION AND SUBMIITAL PROCESS ................................................................................... 10-2
10.3 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................................................... 10-2
SECTION 11 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 11-1
List of Tables
Table ES-1: Organizational Overview of the 2015 UWMP ................................................................... ES-1
Table ES-2: Summary of Projected Supplies (AFY) .............................................................................. ES-3
Table ES-3: SBx7-7 Baselines and Targets for CMWD ........................................................................ ES-3
Table ES-4: Summary of Projected Demands {AFY) ............................................................................. ES-4
Table 2-1: Retail: Public Water System .................................................................................................. 2-1
Table 2-2: Plan Identification .................................................................................................................. 2-1
Table 2-3: Agency Identification .............................................................................................................. 2-2
Table 2-4: Water Supplier Information Exchange .................................................................................. 2-2
Table 2-5: Coordination with Appropriate Agencies ............................................................................... 2-3
Table 3-1: CMWD's Service Area Population -Current and Projected ................................................ 3-4
Table 3-2: Land Use Classifications within City of Carlsbad and CMWD .............................................. 3-4
Table 3-3: Projected Land Use within CMWD's Service Area as Percentage of Developed Area ....... 3-5
Table 3-4: Water-and Wastewater-Related GHG Emissions Reduction Measures Included in 2015
Cl imate Action Plan ................................................................................................................................ 3-10
Table 3-5: Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the San Diego Region ....................................... 3-11
Table 3-6: Prioritized Climate Change Vulnerability Issues for CMWD's Service Area ...................... 3-11
Table 3-7: Tier 1 Climate Change Management Strategies Relevant to CMWD and its Service
Area ......................................................................................................................................................... 3-12
Table 4-1: 2015 Demands for Potable and Raw Water ........................................................................ 4-2
Table 4-2: 2015 Water Losses (AFY) ...................................................................................................... 4-5
Table 4-3: Inclusion of Future Water Savings and Lower Income Demands ....................................... 4-6
Table 4-4: Projected Demands for CMWD (AFY) .................................................................................... 4-9
Table 4-5: Reconciliation of CMWD Water Billing Categories and SAN DAG Land Uses .................... 4-10
Table 4-6: Projected Demands for Potable Water (AFY) ...................................................................... 4-11
Table 4-7: Current and Projected Total Water Demands (AFY) ........................................................... 4-11
Table 4-8: Projected Water Demands of Low-Income Households .................................................... 4-12
Table 5-1: Annual Potable Water Use for Potential Baseline Years ...................................................... 5-3
Table 5-2: Average GPCD for Potential Baseline Years, by Ending Year .............................................. 5-4
Table 5-3: Baselines and Ta rgets Summary .......................................................................................... 5-4
Table 5-4: 2015 Compliance .................................................................................................................. 5-5
Table 6-1: Summary of Historical, Existing, and Planned Water Supplies (AFY) .................................. 6-1
Table 6-2: Groundwater Basins in the Vicinity of CMWD ....................................................................... 6-5
Table 6-3: Groundwater Volume Pumped .............................................................................................. 6-6
Table 6-4: Opportunities for Desalinated Water .................................................................................... 6-7
Table 6-5: Summary of CMWD's Recycled Water Supplies and Demands (AFY) ................................. 6-8
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Table 6-6: Wastewater Collected within Service Area in 2015 ........................................................... 6-10
Table 6-7: Wastewater Treatment and Discharge within CMWD's Service Area ............................... 6-11
Table 6-8: Current and Projected Recycled Water Direct Beneficial Uses Within Service Area
(AFY) ........................................................................................................................................................ 6-15
Table 6-9: 2010 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2015 Actual (AFY) ............... 6-16
Table 6-10: Methods to Expand Future Recycled Water Use (AFY) .................................................... 6-18
Table 6-11: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs ...................................................... 6-20
Table 6-12: Water Supplies -Actual (AFY) ........................................................................................... 6-21
Table 6-13: Water Supplies -Projected (AFY) ..................................................................................... 6-22
Table 6-14: Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment ....................................................................... 6-24
Table 7-1: Constraints on Water Supplies .............................................................................................. 7-1
Table 7-2: Basis of Water Year Data ....................................................................................................... 7-4
Table 7-3: Demand and Supply Assumptions, as Percent of Normal. .................................................. 7-5
Table 7-4: Potential Potable Water Deficit in Year 3 of Multiple-Dry Year Scenarios (AFY) ................ 7-6
Table 7-5: Normal Year Supply and Demand Breakdown (AFY) ........................................................... 7-7
Table 7-6: Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison (AFY) .......................................................... 7-7
Table 7-7: Single-Dry Year Supply and Demand Breakdown (AFY) ....................................................... 7-8
Table 7-8: Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison (AFY) ...................................................... 7-8
Table 7-9: Single-Dry Year Supply and Demand Breakdown (AFY) ....................................................... 7-9
Table 7-10: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison (AFY) ............................................ 7-10
Table 8-1: CMWD Water Shortage Stages .............................................................................................. 8-2
Table 8-2: CWMD Water Use Restrictions at Each Drought Response Level ...................................... 8-4
Table 8-3: Consumption Reduction Measures Implemented by CMWD .............................................. 8-6
Table 8-4: CMWD Penalties for Use Restriction Violations ................................................................... 8-7
Table 8-5: Methods for Measuring Water Use Reductions ................................................................... 8-7
Table 8-6: Impacts to Revenues and Methods to Address Impact ....................................................... 8-8
Table 8-7: Impacts to Expenditures and Methods to Address Impacts ................................................ 8-9
Table 8-8: Minimum Potable Water Supply for 2016-2018 (AFY) ...................................................... 8-11
Table 9-1: Drought Response Levels ...................................................................................................... 9-2
Table 9-2: 2015 Residential Customer Billing Rates for Potable Water .............................................. 9-3
Table 9-3: 2015 Commercial Customer Billing Rates for Potable Water ............................................. 9-3
Table 9-4 Residential Water Conservation Rebate ................................................................................ 9-4
Table 9-5 Commercial Water Conservation Rebates ............................................................................. 9-5
Table 9-6: Extent of CWMD's DMMs, as Reported to CUWCC .............................................................. 9-7
Table 10-1: Notification to Cities and Counties ................................................................................... 10-1
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List of Figu res
Figure ES-1: CMWD 's Historical, Current, and Projected Water Use .................................................. ES-4
Figure 3-1: Carlsbad Municipal Water District Service Area ................................................................. 3-2
Figure 3-2: Comparison of 2015 Climate to Normal for Carlsbad, California ............... , ...................... 3-3
Figure 3-3: Major Water Infrastructure for CMWD's Service Area ........................................................ 3-7
Figure 4-1: Historical, Current, and Projected Water Use ..................................................................... 4-1
Figure 4-2: Projected CMWD Demands .................................................................................................. 4-9
Figure 6-1: Local Supply .......................................................................................................................... 6-2
Figure 6-2: Monthly 2015 Energy Use and SDCWA Purchases .......................................................... 6-23
Appendices
Appendix A -
Appendix 8 -
Appendix C -
Appendix D -
Appendix E -
Appendix F -
Appendix G -
Appendix H -
Appendix I -
Appendix J -
June 2016
Notification
UWMP Adoption Resolution
UWMP Checklist
UWMP Required Tables
Climate Change Strategies and Vulnerability Assessment
AWWA Water Audit
SBx7-7 Verification Form
Energy Intensity Technical Memorandum
CMWD Drought Ordinance No. 44 and No. 46
CUWCC Reports
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2015 Urban Water Management Plan
Carlsbad Municipal Water District
List of Abbreviations
Act
AF
AFY
AMI
AWWA
BMP
Carlsbad
Carlsbad WRF
CASGEM
CCF
cfs
CII
CIP
City
cuwcc
ewe
CMWD
DMM
DOF
DWR
El
EWA
EWPCF
GHG
GIS
gpcd
gpd
Urban Water Management Planning Act
Acre-feet
Acre-feet per year
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
American Water Works Association
Best management practices
City of Carlsbad
Carlsbad Water Reclamation Facility
California Groundwater Elevation Monitoring
Hundred cubic feet
Cubic feet per second
Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional
Capital improvement program
City of Carlsbad
Ca lifornia Urban Water Conservation Council
Ca lifornia Water Code
Carlsbad Municipal Water District
Demand Management Measure
California Department of Finance
California Department of Water Resources
Energy intensity
Encina Wastewater Authority
Encina Water Pollution Control Facility
Greenhouse gas
Geographic Information System
Gallons per capita per day
gallons per day
gallons per minute
List of Abbreviations
Draft
gpm
Guidebook
IPR
2015 Urban Water Management Plans Guidebook for Urban Water Suppliers
Indirect potable reuse
IRWM
kWh
LWWD
MG
mg.IL
mgd
MHI
MWD
NOAA
NSDWRC
OMWD
Plan
Poseidon
QSA
RAC
RWMG
RWQCB
SANDAG
SBX7-7
June 2016
Integrated Regional Water Management
Kilowatt hour
Leucadia Wastewater District
million gallons
Milligrams pe r liter
million gallons per day
Median household income
Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
North San Diego Water Reuse Coalition
Olivenhain Municipal Water District
Urban Water Management Plan
Poseidon Resources Corporation
Quantification Settlement Agreement
Regional Advisory Comm ittee
Regional Water Management Group
Regional Water Quality Control Board
San Diego Association of Governments
Senate Bill X7-7 (The Water Conservation Act of 2009)
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2015 Urban Water Management Plan List of Abbreviations
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SDCWA San Diego County Water Authority
SLR Sea level rise
SWP State Water Project
TAP Tri-Agency Pipeline
TDS Total Dissolved Solids
UAW Unaccounted -for water use
UWMP Urban Water Management Plan
VID Vista Irrigation District
VWD Vallecitos Water District
WELO Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance
WRF Water Recycling Facility
WSCP Water Shortage Contingency Plan
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2015 Urban Water Management Plan Executive Summary
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Section Section Name Information Contained within Section
Water Supply • Constraints on each of CMWD's supplies
Section 7 Reliability • Projections for water supply and water demands under
normal, single dry, and multiple dry year conditions
• Overview of CMWD's water shortage stages
Water Shortage • Prohibitions that are enacted during water shortages
Section 8 Contingency • Methods for reducing water use
Planning • Catastrophic supply interruption plan
• Minimum supply available for the nex1 three years
Demand • Summary of CMWD's demand management measures
Section 9 Management implemented over the past five years
Measures • Summary of future DMM implementation
Plan Adoption, • Summary of the plan review and notification process
Section 1 O Submittal, and • Overview of the UWMP adoption process
Implementation • Implementation of the 2015 Plan
ES 2 CMWD's Service Area Background and Water Supplies
CMWD's service area is located in northern San Diego County, encompassing approximately 32 square
miles. CMWD serves the majority of the City of Carlsbad; Olivenhain Municipal Water District (OMWD)
and Vallecitos Water District (VWD) serve the remaining southeastern portion. The service area is
bordered by OMWD and the City of Encinitas to the south, VWD to the southeast, the City of Vista to
the northeast, the City of Oceanside to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
CMWD's weather is characterized as a Mediterranean climate with mild temperatures year round. The
mild climate is derived from the warm ocean water being pulled north from Mexico and from the
subtropical, semi-desert locale. Resulting temperatures are, on average, 64 degrees in January and
75 degrees in August. CMWD's service area receives an average of approximately 11 inches of
precipitation annually, with most of the rainfall occurring in January and February.
CMWD's 2015 water supplies included purchased water and recycled water. Potable water demands
are all currently met with water purchased from the San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA), while
recycled water is used for non-potable uses to offset potable water use. SDCWA is the regional
wholesale water agency in San Diego County, and serves 24 member agencies, including CMWD.
SDCWA's supply mix includes Colorado River water, State Water Project (SWP) water, and desalinated
seawater. SDCWA purchases its SWP and a portion of its Colorado River supplies from the Metropolitan
Water District of Southern California (MWD). SDCWA also receives Colorado River water via transfers
from Imperial Irrigation District (IID) and conservation savings from various canal lining projects.
However, both of these imported sources (SWP and Colorado River) have become less reliable since
the early 1990s as a result of significant droughts, water rights issues, and environmental restrictions.
To help offset demands on these imported supplies, SDCWA purchases desalinated seawater from the
Claude "Bud" Lewis Carlsbad Desalination Plant (Carlsbad Desalination Plant) and blends it into
member agency supplies.
Moving forward, CMWD plans to increase local supply reliability and offset demands for imported water
by expanding its recycled water distribution system, increasing its purchases of desalinated seawater,
building a direct connection to the desalinated pipeline, and exploring its groundwater rights. CMWD
is a member of the North San Diego Water Reuse Coa lition (NSDWRC), which consists of ten member
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2015 Urban Water Management Plan Executive Summary
Carlsbad Municipal Water District Draft
agencies who are cooperatively implementing a regional recycled water system to maximize recycled
water use and implement potable reuse. These projects will allow CMWD to expand beneficial reuse
of loca l wastewater for non-drinking water purposes such as irrigation and industrial uses. CMWD may
also pursue groundwater as a future supply source, and is currently exploring its groundwater rights.
In addition, CMWD 's Board approved an agreement in April 2016 to purchase additional desalinated
seawater, separate from the desalinated water received via SDCWA purchases, and to construct a
direct connection to the desalinated seawater pipeline. Table ES-2 provides a summary of CMWD's
projected water supplies from 2020-2040. Note that future groundwater supplies are not included in
this table because they have not yet been quantified.
Table ES-2: Summary of Projected Supplies (AFY)
Source 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
SDCWA Purchases 15,507 16,677 16,965 17,244 17,268
Seawater Desalination 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
Recycled Water1 10,519 10,519 10,519 10,706 10,706
Total Water Supplies 28,526 29,696 29,984 30,450 30,474
1 Recycled Water supplies include the Carlsbad WRF capacity plus the existing recycled water purchased from
VWD and LWI/VD. The Carlsbad WRF is undergoing an expansion. resulting in the substantial increase in recycled
water supply between 2015 and 2020.
ES 3 CMWD's Current and Projected Demands
CMWD's historical water demands have varied from year to year, which is main ly attributed to annual
variations in weather and droughts. All urban water suppliers throughout California are mandated by
the Water Conservation Act of 2009 (also referred to as S8x7-7) to reduce per capita potable water
demands by 20% by the yea r 2020. For 2015, CMWD was required to have a per capita water use
(measured in gallons per capita per day [gpcd]) of 233 gpcd . CMWD's actual potable water demands
for 2015 were 145 gpcd, which is well below the 2015 target. Reduced demands in CMWD's service
area are likely the result of ongoing conservation programs that have been implemented in response
to the S8x7-7 legislation, along with enhanced conservation that is currently in effect in response to a
multi-year drought. Table ES-3 shows the baselines and targets projected for CMWD for compliance
with S8x7-7. As shown in the table, CMWD elected to use a 10-year baselines, from 1999 through
2008, inclusive.
Table ES-3: SBx7-7 Baselines and Ta rgets for CMWD
Basellne Period Start Years End Years Average GPCD 2016 Target 2020 Target
10-15 year 1999 2008 259 233 207
CMWD's demand projections anticipate a rebound effect (increased demands) when the drought
subsides. However, CMWD also assumes ongoing conse rvation, and increased recycled water use,
which will reduce potable water demands. The 2015 UWMP demand analysis demonstrates that with
existing and anticipated conservation efforts, CMWD is on track to meet its 2020 gpcd target of 207
gpcd. Table Es-4 summarizes CMWD's baseline demands, conservation, recycled water use, and
overall potable demand projections for 2020-2040.
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ES 4 CMWD's Water Supply Reliability
One of the key requirements of UWMPs is the inclusion of a long-term supply reliability analysis that
demonstrates the supply-demand balance in normal, single-dry, and multiple-dry year hydrologic
cond itions. Consistent with SDCWA's 2015, CMWD projects that demands will increase as weather
gets hotter and drier during the single-dry year and multiple-dry year scenarios. Recycled water
supplies and CWMD's direct purchase of desalinated seawater would remain steady in all hydrologic
scenarios because they are both drought-proof, local supplies. Changes in demands would necessitate
changes to CMWD s purchases of supplies from SDCWA. Because SDCWA and CMWD coordinated on
their supply and demand projections, for all years that SDCWA projects reliability, CMWD assumes it
will be able to purchase sufficient supplies to meet demands. In the event that SDCWA projects a
supply shortfall, CMWD would implement extraordinary conservation measures or convert additional
customers to recycled water to reduce potable water demands.
CMWD's water supply reliability analysis shows that with implementation of additional planned
supplies (such as groundwater) and conservation measures, supplies will meet demands under all
hydrologic scenarios.
ES 5 Water Shortages and
Demand Management
CMWD has two ordinances in place to
he lp manage demands during potential
water shortages. Ordinance No. 44:
Drought Response Plan and Water
Conservation Program is CMWD's
Drought Ord inance, which establishes
CMWD's drought response levels and the
conservation measures that are enacted
for each level as it is declared. Each of
these response levels enacts increasingly
stringent water use reduction measures
and potential pena lties. In general, higher
response levels incorporate all previous
restrictions, and impose additional
restrictions as described in the Drought
Ordinance. Ordinance No. 46: Water
Schedules is an amendment to CMWD's
Drought Ordinance, and revised Drought
Response Levels 2 and 3 to al low for
increased flexibility for CMWD in
establishing water limits during these
drought levels.
CWMD also engages in various public
outreach and education campaigns and
conservation programs to improve water
use efficiency and awareness. Staff
attend community events and manage
water conservation booths, as well as
June 2016
UWMPs and the Water Conservation Act of 2009:
Conservation requirements for the UWMP are based on the
Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SBX7-7). This act mandates a
20% reduction in water use from average (based on 10-15
year baseline), measured in GPCD (gallons per capita per day,
based on gross water use), by 2020, with an interim target of
10% reduction by 2015. For more information, refer to:
http://www.water.ca.gov/urbanwatermanagement/uwmp201
5.cfm
2015/2016 Emergency Regulatlons: Executive Order B-29-15
(April 2015; extended March 2016) imposed temporary
mandatory conservation aimed at achieving 25% reduction
statewide from 2013 levels during the current multi-year
drought. Each water purveyor was assigned a conservation
target by the state, measured in R-GCPD (residential gallons
per capita per day, based on residential water use). CMWD's
initial conservation target was 28%, but was reduced to 20%
due to regional supply development. For more information,
refer to:
http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water issues/programs/cons
ervation portal/emergency regulation.shtml
2016 Extended Emergency Regulations: In May 2016, the
SWRCP adopted new emergency regulations (applies June
2016 -January 2017) that would allow water purveyors to
identify their own temporary conservation targets based on
their ability to meet demands during continuation of multiple
dry year conditions into 2017, 2018, and 2019. For more
information refer to:
http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/water issues/programs/cons
ervation portal/emergency regulation.shtml
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visiting local schools to talk to students about water resources. Water conservation resources are
provided to customers at CMWD's Water Savings Tips website
(http://www.ca rlsbadca .gov/services/ d epts/ pw / utils/water /tips. asp), which provides links to water
use calculators, WaterSmart landscaping guides, videos on water conservation, and information on
water conservation and efficiency rebates, among others.
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1.3 Relation to Other Planning Efforts
Urban Water Management Plans allow for integration of information from other planning documents
as well as regional planning efforts. This 2015 UWMP synthesizes information from CMWD's current
planning documents and complements regional planning documents. Upon completion, the 2015
UWMP will help to inform other planning decisions, such as updates to the Carlsbad General Plan, and
can be used to establish priorities in other planning efforts. Further, the information developed for this
2015 UWMP will be used to inform and en l1ance the San Diego County Water Authority's (SDCWA)
2015 Urban Water Management Plan, which provides water reliability assessment for the region's
water wholesaler.
This 2015 UWMP alms to provide guidance on minimization of imported water supplies and
maximization of local water supplies, which continues to be a priority for CMWD. CMWD has increased
the use of recycled water, implemented water conservation measures, and participated in the planning
of a local seawater desalination project as steps to maximize the use of local water resources.
Relevant, related planning efforts include the following:
1. CMWD, 2012 Water Master Plan -Documents existing water system facilities and demands,
identifies existing deficiencies in the system, confirms facility sizing, and recommends a
future capital improvement program (CIP) based on updated water demand projections.
2. CMWD, 2012 Recycled Water Master Plan -Evaluates the capabilities of the existing
recycled water system, defines the most cost-effective system expansions through build-out
conditions, and develops a recycled water CIP.
3. CMWD, 2012 Phase Ill Recycled Water Project Feasibility Study -Identifies customer
demands and establishes the pipeline expansion segments, recycled water supply, and
appurtenances necessary for Phase Ill.
4. North San Diego Water Reuse Coalition (NSDWRC), 2015 Regional Recycled Water Project
EIR -Identifies infrastructure between ten water and wastewater agencies interconnecting
regional recycled water supply and distribution systems in order to maximize water reuse
capacity. In the near term, this regional project potentially could supply additional non-potable
demands of 18.808 acre-feet per year (AFY).
5. SDCWA, 2015 Urban Water Management Plan -Identifies regional water sources and
volumes for SDCWA's service area, including supply reliability analysis of the wholesale
(imported + desalinated seawater) supply.
6. San Diego Regional Water Management Group {RWMG), 2013 San Diego Integrated Regional
Water Management Plan -Regional effort to identify water resource issues, challenges, and
solutions within western San Diego County, with emphasis on solutions that maximize
collaboration and coordination among entities to best manage water resources.
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Table 2-5: Coordination with Appropriate Agencies
Level of Participation
Sent 60-0ay Sent Revised Contacted Organization/Agency Name Notice of 2015 Notice of 2015 for UWMP Public UWMP
Hearing Availability Assistance
City of Carlsbad X X X
City of Encinitas X X
City of Escondido X X
City of Oceanside X X
City of San Marcos X X
City of Vista X X
County of San Diego X X
Encina Wastewater Authority X X X
Leucadia Wastewater District X X X
Metropolitan Water District of Southern X X California
Olivenhain Municipal Water District X X
Rincon del Diablo Municipal Water District X X
San Diego Association of Governments X X X
San Diego County Water Authority X X X
San Diego Local Area Formation X X Commission
San Elijo Joint Powers Authority X X
Santa Fe Irrigation District X X
Vallecitos Water District X X X
2.3 Public Participation
CMWD encouraged community and public involvement in the 2015 UWMP. CMWD will hold a public
hearing on June 14, 2016, that provides an opportunity for CMWD's customers (including social,
cultural, and economic community groups) to learn about the water supply situation and plans to
continue to provide a reliable water supply for the future. The hearing is an opportunity for people to
ask questions regarding the 2015 UWMP and will include discussion of the per capita water use
targets.
A 60-day notice of the public hearing was provided to San Diego County and adjacent cities and other
entities on March 31, 2016. A revised notice of 2015 UWMP availability was also provided to San
Diego County and adjacent entities when the Revised Draft UWMP was released. The notification list
is included in Appendix A.
Public hearing notifications were published in the San Diego Union Tribune on May 24 and May 31,
2016. Copies of the 2015 UWMP were made available for public review at the City of Carlsbad 's
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recorded 105 328 people, while CMWD's service area included 81,081 (77% of the City's population).
CMWD has therefore assumed its population is approximately 77.6% of the City of Carlsbad, as the
average of the two Census years evaluated.
Table 3-1: CMWD's Service Area Population -Current and Projected
DWR Table 3-1 Retail: Population -Current and Projected
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040 Population Served 86,080 91,935 94,130 96,375 97,239 97,525
NOTES: Projections used 2010 Census data (77.6% of City of Carlsbad population), 2020-2040 projections from
SAN DAG Series 13 model for CMWD service area. and a straight li ne projection from 2010-2020 for yea r 2015.
Water use in CMWD's service area is closely linked to the local economy, population, and weather.
Over the last half century, a prosperous local economy has stimulated popu lation growth, which in turn
produced a relatively steady increase in water demand. However, fluctuat ing economic and weather
conditions in the 1990s and lingering effects from the 1987-1992 drought resulted in deviations from
historic demand patterns. By 1999, a new combination of natural population increases and job
creation surfaced as the primary drivers of water consumption increases. The recession that started
in 2008 brought an increase in unemployment and decrease in housing prices that has dampened
population growth and water use. In addition, CMWD adopted a residential tiered water rate in July
2009 which further dampened demand by t he residential population. Current demands are limited as
a result of drought response measures and State-mandated water use cutbacks. As described in
Section 4 System Demands, CMWD's service area is host to a substantial tourist and temporary
population throughout the year, wi th overnight guests in the City of Carlsbad ranging between
approximately 75,000 and 199 000 people per month. Water use is further described in Section 4
System Demands and Section 5 Baselines and Targets .
3.1.4 Existing and Future Development
The City's 2015 General Plan Update identifies current la nd uses, including residential, commercial
and ind ustria l, public and quasi-public uses, pa rks and recreation, agriculture, open space or natural
areas, and vacant land. The remaining land is right-of-way (City of Carlsbad, 2015a). Table 3-2 provides
a summary of the land use classifications within the CMWD service area, as compared to the City of
Carlsbad.
Table 3-2: Land Use Classlflcatlons within City of Csrtsbad and CMWD
Percent of Percent of Land Use Classification City of CMWD2 Carlsbad1
Residential 27% 24%
Commercial and Industrial 8% 14%
Public and Quasi-Public Uses 6% 1%
Parks and Open Space 33% 30%
Agriculture 4% 6%
Rights-of-Way 13% 14%
Vacant 9% 11 %
1. City of Carlsbad, 2015a
2. CMWO, 2011
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As of 2013, the City of Carlsbad had 44,440 housing units, or just over 81% of the maximum 54,599
housing units allowed in the City's Growth Management Plan. Between 2000 and 2010, the City grew
by almost 30,000 people, or a rate of 2.5%, substantially higher than the 0.9% growth rate experienced
by San Diego County as a whole. The City's General Plan estimates buildout at 51,821 housing units
by 2035, or nearly 95% of the maximum allowed under the Growth Management Plan. The majority
(80%) of this growth is projected to occur within the Northwest and Northeast quadrants of the City,
both within CMWD's service area (City of Carlsbad, 2015a).
Existing land uses within the CMWD service area are primarily residential and pa rks and open space,
with a mix of agricultural, light industrial, and commercial. Additionally, a county airport, tourist
attractions such as Legoland, and a mix of resorts are located within CMWD's service area. Residential
uses make up approximately 24% and parks and open space make up approximately 30%. Vacant
land makes up approximately 11% of CMWD's service area (CMWD, 2011).
According to SANDAG's Series 13 Growth Forecast land use projections, an additional 1,038 acres are
anticipated to be developed within CMWD's service area between 2015 and 2040. The bulk of this
development will increase single-family, industrial, and commercial land; a decrease will occur in
agricultural land. Although some land uses are anticipated to grow or decrease by a few hundred acres,
most land use categories are anticipated to continue to represent a similar proportion of total
developed area within CMWD's service area. For example, single-family residential land use is 35% of
CMWD's developed area in 2015, and despit e growing by over 700 acres between 2015 and 2040,
will only represent 38% of CMWD's total developed area in 2040. Table 3-3 shows the projected land
uses within CMWD's service area, as a percentage of total developed land.
Table 3-3: Projected Land Use within CMWD's Service Area as Percentage of Developed Area
Year Land Use 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Agricultural 5% 4% 3% 2% 2%
Commercial 10% 10% 11% 11% 11%
Industrial 14% 13% 14% 14% 15%
Institutional 2% 2% 2% 2% 2%
Irrigation 27% 28% 26% 26% 26%
Residential 7% 7% 7% 7% 7%
Multi-Family 5% 4% 3% 2% 2%
Single-Family 35% 36% 37% 37% 37%
~ource: SANDA G, Series 13 Growth Forecast Land Use Data, CMWD Service Area
CMWD is anticipating a 12% increase in residential units and approximately a 55% increase in non-
residential square footage. As of February 2010, CMWD contains nearly 36,000 residential units and
just over 16 million square feet of non-residential building area (CMWD, 2011). Projected total buildout
for CMWD's service area includes 40,068 residential units and approximately 25 million square feet
of non-residential building space (CMWD, 2011).
Planned development within the City of Carlsbad is anticipated to include a mix of residential and
mixed-use developments. These planned developments are expected to occupy the majority of the
remaining vacant land in CMWD's service area {CMWD, 2011).
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that same year. CMWD began receiving imported water deliveries in 1955 through existing aqueduct
connections located in the City of Escondido. CMWD constructed a pipeline in 1956 to convey imported
water directly to the City of Carlsbad and unincorporated areas within CMWD's service area. In 1962,
CMWD constructed Maerkle Dam (previously called Squires Dam) with a capacity of 600 AF in the Agua
Hedionda Basin. CMWD also obtained a permit for surface water rights tributary to Maerkle Dam in
the amount of 25 AFY.
As demands for water increased, seawater intrusion into the groundwater supply resu lted in the
gradual degradation of groundwater quality in the Mission Basin of San Luis Rey River. The total
dissolved solids (TDS} content of the groundwater in the Mission Basin increased to the point where
treatment would be required. At the same time, lower-cost imported water became available through
CMWD. As a result of the availability of this alternative supply of water. the City of Carlsbad ceased
extracting groundwater and suspended use of local surface water supplies by the end of 1962. As a
result, the water filtration plant at Lake Calavera was dismantled because of regulations requiring that
surface waters be fully treated prior to introduction into a potable water system. The cost to construct
facilities to treat the small amount of infrequently occurring surface water was determined to be much
greater than the comparable cost of imported water. The Mission Basin wells were beyond repair and
subsequently removed by 2005, in accordance with California Department of Public Health
requirements.
In an agreement dated May 25, 1983, the City of Carlsbad conveyed all of its functiona l water
responsibilities for the provision of water service to CMWD, including all the water facilities and
groundwater and surface water rights purchased from Carlsbad Mutual Water Company and Terramar
Water Company in 1957. This included all existing water facilities and responsibility for planning,
financing, and construction of all major capital facilities necessary to provide potable water service
within CMWD and portions of the City of Carlsbad not located in other retail water service agencies.
On January 1, 1990, CMWD became a subsidiary district of the City of Carlsbad through an agreement
between both agencies approved by the City Council on April 25 1989. From 1979 until joining with
the City as a subsidiary district, CMWD was known as the Costa Real MWD. The Carlsbad City Council
acting as CMWD's Board of Directors governs CMWD. CMWD's current water supplies consist of treated
water purchased from SDCWA and recycled water. In April 2016, CMWD's Board approved a purchase
agreement to receive desalinated seawater directly from SDCWA, along with the purchased water
blend provided to all member agencies. SDCWA's supply mix includes desalinated seawater, imported
water purchased from MWD (treated at MWD's Skinner Filtration Plant in Riverside County), and through
purchase agreements and exchanges with other agencies. SDCWA supplies delivered to CWMD are also
treated at SDCWA's Twin Oaks Water Treatment Plant in San Marcos, and conveyed to CMWD through
SDCWA aqueducts.
3.4 Climate Change
3.4.1 Climate Action Plan and Energy Intensity of Water System
The City of Carlsbad has developed a Climate Action Plan (City of Carlsbad, 2015b) that in part
identifies actions to reduce its GHG emissions. Government operations, including CMWD's operations,
produce only 1.2% of the City's GHG emissions. CMWD's operation and maintenance activities were
estimated to use 189,440 kWh electricity and 86 terms of natural gas in 2011, or 2% and less than
0.01% of the government operations energy demands, respectively, for buildings. Water and
wastewater transport (conveyance and distribution system) used over 2.3 million kWh in 2011, or 10%
of the entire government operations emissions (0.12% of citywide emissions). The Climate Action Plan
identifies a number of actions to reduce GHG emissions, including those presented in Table 3-4, which
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are GHG reduction actions associated with water and wastewater facilities and operations. A detailed
discussion of energy intensity of CMWD's 2015 supplies is provided in Section 6 System Supplies.
Table 3-4: Water-and Wastewater-Related GHG Emissions Reduction Measures
Included in 2015 Climate Action Plan
Goal Action
Reduce intensity of GHG emissions Improve water utilities (including water supply, wastewater,
from water utilities (including water and recycled water) conveyance, treatment and distribution,
supply, wastewater, and recycled and other system improvements (e.g., replace sewer lift
water) conveyance, treatment, and stations with gravity pipelines; increase utilization of
distribution by 8 percent by 2035 methane capture and cogeneration; expand recycled water
distribution system)
Encourage installation of greywater Host workshops on greywater and rainwater collection
and rainwater collection systems with systems through CMWD, or partner with existing workshop
a goal of 15 percent of homes by providers, or homeowners interested in installing systems
2035 suitable for their property
Created a design reference manual, or provide links to an
existing one, for the design of greywater an d rainwater
collection systems
Evaluate the feasibility of offering a rebate for residential
greywater systems that require a permit to cover the cost of
obtaining a permit
Source: City of Carlsbad, 2015b.
3.4.2 Climate Change Vulnerability Analysis
As an agency with limited local water supplies and located in a coastal area that could be subject to
impacts from sea level rise, climate change is of concern to CMWO. CMWO is an active participant in
the San Diego Integrated Regional Water Management (IRWM) Program, having been a member of the
Regional Advisory Committee {RAC) since 2013. In 2013, the IRWM Program completed an update of
the San Diego IRWM Plan {R WMG, 2013), which collated regional water management information and
identified water management priorities for the region. Through this effort, a Climate Change
Vulnerability Analysis was completed and included in the San Diego IRWM Plan (refer to Section 7 and
Appendix 7-D of the San Diego IRWM Plan). While this analysis evaluated climate change
vulnerabilities and identified priorities and actions for the region as a whole, it generally corresponds
closely with CMWD's individual vulnerabilities, priorities, and potential actions.
The San Diego region anticipates experiencing temperature increases, sea level rise, and changes to
precipitation patterns. Table 3-5 presents the potential climate change impacts to the San Diego
region, as presented in the San Diego IRWM Plan Climate Change Vulnerability Analysis. Regional
climate change vulnerabilities that are applicable to CMWD and its service area are presented in Table
3-6, and include decreased imported supplies, sensitivity due to higher drought potential, damage to
coastal areas and inundation of storm drains and sewer systems from sea level rise, and decreases
in available habitat for native species.
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Table 3-5: Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the San Diego Region
Impact Effect1
Temperature 1.5°F to 4.5°F average temperature increase
Rainfall Variable projections predict between 35% drier and 17% wetter
Increase in variability between years
Up to 25% decrease in State Water Project (SWP) supply
Supply Up to 20% decrease in Colorado River supply
164,000 acre-feet per year shortfall in imported supply
Demand Potential 0.6% to 1.8% increase in demand by 2035
Sea level rise 12 to 18 inch rise in mean sea level rise
Wildfires 40% increase in California Coastal Shrub acreage burned in Southwestern U.S.
54% increase in overall acreage burned in Western U.S.
1 Effects are descri bed to the yea r 2050. unless otherwise noted
Source: RWMG, 2015.
Table 3-6: Prioritized Climate Change Vulnerability Issues for CMWD's Service Area
Priority Level Category and Vulnerablllty Issue
Very High Water Supply: Decrease in imported supply
Water Supply: Sensitivity due to higher drought potential
Water Quality: Increased constituent concentrations
High Flooding: Increases in flash flood ing and inundation (extreme weather)
Ecosystem/Habitat: Decrease in available necessary habitat
Sea Level Rise: Inundation of storm drains and sewer systems
Ecosystem/Habitat: Decrease in ecosystem services
Water Demand: Industrial demand would increase
Water Quality: Increase in treatment cost
Medium Sea Level Rise: Damage to coastal recreation/ tourism due to inundation
Sea Level Rise: Decrease in land
Sea Level Rise: Damage to ecosystem/habitat
Water Demand: Crop demand would increase
Water Demand: Limited ability to conserve further
Low Water Quality: Increased eutrophication
Flooding: Increases in inland flooding
Ecosystem/Habitat Increased impacts to coastal species
Water Demand: Limited ability to meet summer demand
Very Low Water Supply: Invasive species can reduce supply available
Water Quality: Decrease in recreational opportunity
Ecosystem/habitat: Decrease in environmental flows
Source: Adapted from RWMG, 2015.
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Following identification and prioritization of regional climate change vulnerabilities, the San Diego
IRWM Plan Climate Change Vulnerability Analysis identified and prioritized strategies to mitigate and
adapt to the identified vulnerabilities. These strategies were grouped into Tier 1, 2, and 3, which
represent actions that are recommended to implement first, second, and third, based on ease,
effectiveness, and contribution to reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Table 3-7 presents the
Tier 1 strategies that are applicable to CMWD. A complete list of strategies is provided in Appendix E,
along with the vulnerability indicator question assessment completed for the Climate Change
Vulnerability Analysis.
Table 3-7: Tier 1 Climate Change Management Strategies Relevant to CMWD and its Service Area
Strategy Description
Reduce Water Demand
Technological and behavioral improvements that decrease
Urban water use efficiency indoor and outdoor residential, commercial, industrial and
institutional water use.
Education Implement outreach program to educate urban and
agricultural water users in water demand reduction practices.
Gray water use Implem ent gray water use systems to reduce water supply
demand.
Rainfed agriculture Transfer crop consumptive use to be supplied directly by
rainfall.
Improve Operational Efficiency/Transfers
Conveyance -Regional/local Improvements to regional and local conveyance facilities that
improve conveyance capacity.
Change existing operation and management procedures for
System Reoperation existing reservoirs and conveyance facilities to increase water
related benefits from these facilities.
Increase Water Supply
Increase supply of recycled water throug h additional
Recycled Municipal Water wastewater treatment, and/or expand conveyance of recycled
water to end users.
Improve Water Quality
Prevent pollution of local surface waters and groundwater
Pollution Prevention using tools that prevent point and non-point sources of
pollution.
Manage salt and salinity in surface and/or groundwater.
Salt and Salinity Management Examples of methods include dilution and displacement,
desalination, and salt collection and storage.
Prevent pollution of local surface waters by implementing
Urban Runoff Management best management practices (BMPs) designed to reduce the
pollutant loading and reduce the volumes and velocities of
urban runoff discharged to surface waters.
Improve Flood Management
Enhance flood protection through projects and programs that
Flood Risk Management assist in the management of flood flows and to prepare for.
respond to, and recover from a flood.
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Strategy Description
Practice Resource Stewardship
Conserve natural resources and protect the environment by
Agricultural Lands Stewardship conserving and improving land for food, fiber and blofuels
production, watershed functions, soil, air, energy, plant and
other conservation purposes.
Economic Incentives {Loans, Grants, Provide incentives such as financial assistance, water pricing,
Water Pricing) and water market policies intended to influence water
management.
Improve the condition of modified natural landscapes and
Ecosystem Restoration biological communities to provide for their sustainability and
for their use and enjoyment by current and future
generations.
Integrate land use and water management for the planning of
Land Use Planning and Management housing and economic development needs of a growing
population while providing for the efficient use of water, water
quality, energy and other resources.
Incorporate planning for water-dependent recreation activities
Water-dependent recreation protection in water project, and implement project that protecVcreate
water-dependent recreation opportunities.
Create and implement plans, programs, projects and
Watershed/Soils/Forest management activities to restore, sustain, and enhance watershed
functions, soil functions, and forests.
Water-dependent cultural resources Create and implement plans, programs, projects and
and practices preservation activities to preserve water-dependent cultural resources and
practices.
Increase urban forest management Encourage the planting of trees in urban areas to improve
urban water quality and local supplies.
Sea Level Rise
Building water facilities in coordination Integrate water/wastewater resources planning with land
with land use/sea level rise planning use/sea level rise planning.
Source: Adapted from RWMG, 2015.
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Table 4-1: 20 15 Demands for Potable and Raw Water
DWR Table 4-1 Retail: Demands for Potable and Raw Water -Actual
2015 Actual
Use Type Level of Treatment When Volume
Delivered (AFY)
Single Family Drinking Water 7,088
Multi-Family Drinking Water 1,526
Commercial Drinking Water 2,721
Industrial Drinking Water 6
Institutional Drinking Water 159
Ag ricultural Drinking Water 181
Landscape Drinking Water 1,583
Water Losses Drinking Water 765
TOTAL 14,029
NOTES: CMWD does not serve raw water to customers; all non-recycled water is potable. Actual
potable water demands are based on CMWD's 2015 billing data and the AWNA water loss audit
(refer to Appendix F for the complete audit). The AWNA water loss audit was completed for FY2015
as the most recent water loss data available, while billing data are reported in calendar year. CMWD's
temporary potable meters billing category was incorporated into the Single Family use type, while the
fire protection billing category was incorporated into the Institutional/Governmental use type for
consistency with demand projection categories for 2020 through 2040.
4.1.1 Water Use by Sector
CMWD's potable water system serves water to four major sectors: 1) Residential (single-family and
multi-family); 2) Commercial/Industrial/Institutional (CII) (reported as three separate sectors);
3) Agricultural; and 4) Landscape. A brief description of each sector and factors affecting their water
use is provided here. In addition to the four major sectors, tourism and temporary residents create a
substantial demand for water within CMWD's service area. These temporary population increases
affect demands, but their impacts are not always captured to their true extent in reported metrics. A
brief narrative of the tourism sector in CMWD's service area is provided below. Table 4-1 presents
current potable water demands of these sectors in 2015.
Residential
Residential water use represents the largest water use category for CMWD and includes both single-
family and multi-family customers. Residential water consumption comprises both indoor and outdoor
uses. Residentia l indoor water use includes sanitation, bathing, laundering, cooking, and drinking. The
majority of outdoor residential water use satisfies landscaping irrigation needs. Other minor outdoor
residential water uses include car washing, surface cleaning, and similar activities. Total residential
water use is anticipated to increase over time as CMWD's service area reaches residential buildout,
though an increased culture of conservation and water use restrictions are likely to result in a lower
per-capita increase in demands compared to historical growth. Residential land use currently occupies
almost 5,200 acres, and is anticipated to continue to expand to approximately 5,970 acres by 2040.
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increase per capita demands because tourists are less likely to be as conscientious with their water
use as locals. Tourists may not be familiar with water-wise practices (e.g .. shorter showers, turning off
faucets when brushing teeth) or are in "vacation mode" and not actively aware of their water use. They
may also be engaging in inherently water-heavy tourism-based activities.
Agricultural
Agricultural water use has been decreasing in Carlsbad for the last two decades to the point that it
currently represents a very small portion of CM WD's water demand. For example, in 1991 CMWD sold
1,744 AF to agriculture. By 2000, the agriculture consumption had declined to 1,204 AF, to 420 AF in
2010, and to 181 AF in 2015. By 2040, agricultural demands are projected to drop to only 69 AFY.
The Agricu ltural sector experiences wide seasonal fluctuations due to weather conditions and timing
of the growing seasons, and consists primarily of commercial strawberry and flower fields, and
wholesale nursery operations. Agricultural land use is anticipated to continue to decrease from a
current extent of 535 acres to an estimated 102 acres by 2040 (SANDAG, 2016).
Landscape
Landscape irrigation is the third largest water use in CMWD's service area, just behind commercial
water use, and demands are strongly influenced by seasonal differences. Development within the City
of Carlsbad over the last decade and a half has brought about the creation of a large amount of
irrigated areas with various uses, including medians, slopes and parkways.
The City of Carlsbad adopted a Landscape Manual in November 1990 to assist development
applicants and landscape architects in understanding the City's policies toward landscaping.
Specifically, the manual requires that irrigation systems be designed to provide the optimum amount
of water for plant growth without causing soil erosion or runoff. At the same time, it requires that
landscape design will include water conservation and alternative (non-potable) water sources as
primary criteria. This manual was updated in 2012 and incorporates Carlsbad Municipal Code Chapter
18.50 -Water Efficient Landscape Ordinance (WELO}, among other changes. In May 2010, the City of
Carlsbad adopted the WELO in accordance with the State's Water Conservation in Landscaping Act of
2006 (Assemb ly Bill 1881). This Act promotes consistency in landscape regu lations among land use
authorities throughout San Diego County. The regulations reflect improvements for landscape and
irrigation design plans, irrigation technologies. and water management for achievable water savings.
Total irrigated land use areas, including roadways and parks, are anticipated to remain relatively
constant between 2015 and 2040, decreasing by only 8 acres, or approximately 0.2%.
Landscape irrigation is also a substantial recycled water user within CMWD's service area. Recycled
water is regulated by CMwo·s Reclamation Rules and Regulations tor Construction of Rec/aimed
Water Mains (1993) and Mandatory Use Ordinance (Ordinance No. 43, 2005), the San Diego Regional
Water Quality Control Board's reclamation permits and waste discharge requirements for CMWD's
Carlsbad WRF (Order No. 2001-352, as amended by Order No. R9-2012-0027), LWWD's Gafner WRF
(Order No. R9-2004-0223), and VWD's Meadowlark WRF (Order No. R9-2007-0018), and California's
Title 22 regulations.
4.1.2 Additional Water Uses
Additional water uses include recyc led water and other uses such as fire protection. Recycled water is
used by irrigation customers to water golf courses, median strips and other landscaped areas. Overall,
recycled water use represents 22% of total water use in CMWD's service area for 2015. Recycled
water use tends to be lower in the winter months because of less irrigation demand for landscape, the
primary use for recycled water. Recycled water use is projected to increase in the near future through
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implementation of the Phase Ill Recycled Water Project and increased awareness of safe and
appropriate use of recycled water. Recycled water use is addressed in greater detail in Section 6
System Supplies.
4.1.3 Distribution System Water Losses
System losses or unaccounted-for water use (UAW) is unmetered water use such as for water system
flushing, sewer cleaning, system leaks, unauthorized connections, reservoir cleaning, and other
municipal uses. Unaccounted-for water can also result from meter inaccuracies. As required by the
2015 Guidebook, CMWD completed a water loss audit using the American Water Works Association
(AWWA) Water Audit methodology (see Appendix F). Apparent losses (unauthorized consumption and
metering inaccuracies) were calculated as 233 AFY, while Real Losses were calculated at 532 AFY, for
a total loss of 765 AFY. Unlike the rest of the data presented in this UWMP, the Water Loss Audit was
completed for Fiscal Year 2014/15, while the rest of the UWMP reports data from calendar year 2015.
2015 water losses are therefore considered approximate. Calculated water losses for CMWD's water
system are shown in Table 4-2. Based on FY2015 losses, CMWD anticipates that water losses
represent 4.7% of total potable use, calculated as the volume of water loss (765 AF) divided by the
total volume of water produced (16,241 AF). Projected water losses presented in Table 4-6 are
estimated using this proportion.
Table 4-2: 2015 Water Losses (AFY)
DWR Table 4-4 Retail: 12 Month Water Loss Audit Reporting
Reporting Period Start Date Volume of Water Loss
07/2014 765
NOTES: Water losses are reported in Fiscal Year, while the rest of the water use tables
use 2015 Calendar Year data.
4.1 .4 Sales to Other Agencies
CMWD does not currently sell potable water to other agencies, nor does it anticipate doing so in the
future. CMWD does not currently have its own loca l potable water supply, though it may utilize
groundwater and may receive desalinated seawater directly from the Claude "Bud" Lewis Carlsbad
Desalination Plant (Carlsbad Desalination Plant) in the future. CMWD sells a portion of the recycled
water it produces at the Carlsbad WRF to customers of neighboring agencies to help meet their non-
potable water demands, but does not se ll recycled water directly to any other agency. In 2015, CMWD
sold 42.4 AF of recycled water through nine meters (customers) located within the City, but within
VWD 's service area. As part of the NSDWRC, CMWD anticipates there may be potential future recycled
water sales to additional customers of other agencies, generally building on recycled water system
expansions designed to primarily serve CMWD 's service area.
4.1.5 Estimating Water Savings from Codes, Ordinances, or Transportation and
Land Use Plans
CMWD is actively encouraging customers to reduce potable water use through the increased use of
recycled water, installation of water-wise landscaping, replacement of fixtures with water-saving and
low-flow devices, and outreach and educational campaigns. Section 9 Demand Management
Measures provides details on CMWD's efforts to encourage water conservation. CMWD's future water
savings resulting from increased conversion from potable to recycled water through its Phase Ill
Recycled Water Project's expansion of its recycled water system is included in future water use
projections. Compliance with applicable regulations and codes requiring use of low-flow fixtures in new
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construction will result in passive savings. Passive savings are reflected in CMWO 's SBx7 -7 target
water use, and therefore incorporated into the demand projections presented in Section 4.3 Projected
Total Water Use and Demand Projection Provided to Wholesaler.
Table 4--3: Inclusion of Future Water Savings and Lower Income Demands
DWR Table 4-5 Retail Only: Inclusion in Water Use Projections
Are Future Water Savings Included in Projections? Yes
If "Yes" to above, state the section or page number, In the cell
to the right, where citations of the codes, ordinances, etc ... Page 2-5
utilized in demand projections are found.
Are Lower Income Residential Demands Included In Yes Projections?
On June 21, 2005, CMWD's Board of Directors adopted Ordinance No. 43. This ordinance, also
referred to as CMWD's Mandatory Use Ordinance, requires customers to use recycled water "wherever
it has determined that its use is economically j ustified, financially and technically feasible, and
consistent with legal requirements, preservation of public hea lth, safety and welfa re, and the
environment." As a result of this ordinance, new development is prepared to convert to recycled water
for irrigation purposes once recycled water becomes accessible. CMWD has identified a large number
of potential recycled water customers who are prepared to utilize recycled water, as appropriate, in
accordance with Ordinance No. 43. CMWD's ability to meet these customers' recycled water demands
now and in the future has been included in its recyc led water use and recycled water supply
projections. As recycled water use increases CMWD's per capita potable water use will decrease,
helping to achieve the SBx7 -7 ta rgets.
In addition to potable water use savings achieved through conversion to recycled water, CMWD
anticipates water savings resulting from compliance with water efficiency regulations. A number of
regulatory changes have been made in recent years to encourage or mandate the use of low-flow and
efficient plumbing fixtures, along with improvements to building standards to encourage green
building. These changes include, but are not limited to, AB 715 (efficient toilets and urinals) and SB
407 (retrofitting for efficient fixtures). Prior to 2010, CMWD's water use was generally above its SBx7-
7 target, though CMWD has successfully taken measures to reduce per capita water use since the
Water Conservation Act of 2009 was enacted. CMWD has met or exceeded its SBX7-7 targets every
year since 2010. Conservation measures implemented by CMWD include installation of water efficient
fixtures and turf replacement, as described in Section 9 Demand Management Measures. New
development in CWM D's service area will be constructed compliant with all applicable codes, and
mandatory retrofits will be implemented, as applicable. The reduced water use resulting from these
codes and regulations have been incorporated into CMWD's demand projections because they are
reflected in the decreased per capita demands of the SBx7-7 targets. Because much of the existing
development in the City of Carlsbad is relatively new, many residences, commercial buildings, and
other facilities already use lower flow devices, and there are limited opportunities or need to retrofit
existing structures to further improve water use efficiency to increase passive savings for existing
development. Recent reductions in water use and SBx7-7 compliance is discussed in greater detail in
Section 5 Baselines and Targets.
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4.2 Projected Water Demands
This section presents CMWD's projected potable water use, in ffve-year intervals, from 2020 through
2040. Projected water use consists of projected water used by CMWD, projected water sold to others,
and additional projected water uses and losses. Table 4-4 shows projected potable and recycled water
demands. CMWD's demand projections presented in this section meet CMWD's gpcd demand targets
that are described in Section 5 Baselines and Targets.
SDCWA currently provides all of the potable water distributed by CMWD. The projected amount of water
that CMWD expects to purchase from SDCWA to meet water demands in the future is considered in
Section 6 System Supplies. CMWD's projections of future wholesale water that will be supplied by
SDCWA do not entirely align with the projections developed by SDCWA in their 2015 UWMP, but are
relatively similar. These differences are a result of different methodologies and assumptions used to
develop the water demand projections.
Water use and production records, combined with population, employment, and urban development
projections, provide the basis for estimating future water supply requirements. The population projections
presented in Section 3 System Description already incorporate land use changes and other focal economic and
demographic factors, and provide an appropriate basis for demand projection calculations. SDCWA's demand
forecast model was used to determine CMWD's baseline water demands and projected active and
passive conservation. SDCWA's model incorporates land use and population projections generated by
SAN DAG for water agency service areas in San Diego County, and utilizes the Series 13 Growth Forecast
model developed specifically for the San Diego region (including CMWD's service area). The Series 13
model incorporates land uses and historical growth to project population growth in the future. A
description of the demand forecast methodology is provided in SDCWA's 2015 UWMP.
SDCWA's baseline demand projections for CMWD's service area includes both potable and recycled
water. To determine projected potable water demands, CMWD took the baseline and removed
projected active/passive conservation and projected recycled water use (see Table 4-4). Although
CMWD's SBx7-7 target allows potable water use to be as high as 207 gpcd from 2020 into the future
(refer to Section 5 Baselines and Targets), CMWD projects a lower per-capita water use as a result of
the area's growing conservation ethic and the increased use of recycled water to offset potable
demands.
Figure 4-2 shows the share of total demands that will be met by potable supplies and those met by
recycled supplies. In addition to the projected demands, CMWD applied four scenarios to its water
projections for purposes of comparison. These scenarios used the five-year, ten-year, and fifteen-year
historical average water use, as well as CMWD's S8x7-7 targets, and applied these to the projected
populations. These scenarios are also presented in Figure 4-2. The fifteen-year and five-year scenarios
were found to be unrealistic due to exceeding the maximum allowable water use or reflecting depressed
demands from extraordinary conservation, respectively. Both the ten-year average scenario, which
reflects some recent water savings as well as normal water years, and the SBx7-7 target scenario, which
reflects CMWD's legal maximum potable water use, were considered reasonable water demands.
CWMD has elected to use SDCWA's forecast for consistency with its wholesale water supplier and to
allow for a consistent supply reliability analysis.
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Once total demands were projected, sector-based demands could be estimated. To project water
use, CMWD developed an analysis based on projected land use from SANDAG's Series 13 Growth
Forecast. SANDAG land use data were available for 2012, 2015, and every 5 years to 2050. To
allow for consistency between the water use and land use data, SAN DAG land use categories were
reconciled with CMWD 's water use billing categories by consolidating categories as shown in Table
4-5.
Table 4-5: Reconciliation of CMWD Water BIiiing categories and SANDAG Land Uses
Reconciled Categories CMWD Water Billing Category1 SANDAG Land Use Type2
Agricultural Agricultural Agricultural
Commercial
Commercial Commercial Mixed Use
Office
Industrial Industrial Industrial
Institutional Institutional School
Fire Protection Military
Irrigation Irrigation Roads
Parks
Multi-Family
Multi-Family Multi-Family Mobile Home
Other3
Single Family Single Fami ly Low Density Single Family
Temporary Potable Meters Single Family
1 Water Use Category based on CMWD billing categories
2 Land Use Types grouped into water use categories based on information from SANDAG regarding land uses
categorized under each type
3 "Other" land use includes group housing
To project water use by category, a "water use unit factor" was ca lculated that estimated a volume of
water used for each acre of land use type. For purposes of this analysis, 2012 water use data were
used as representative of a normal water year, because it reflects CMWD's anticipated level of water
use when mandatory water use restrictions are not in place. 2012 actual water use was ca librated to
CMWD's total water use projection methodology by scaling up actual 2012 water use (which was
equivalent to a gpcd of 173) proportionally by use type as follows:
% 2012 Actual Use x 2012 Water Use Calculated Using SBxl-7 Method= 2012 Water Use Proxy
For example, Agriculture used 368 AF water, or 2% of total potable water use for 2012. Using the S8x7-
7 Demand Projection, the interim target of 233 gpcd, and the 2012 population of 82,748 people. total
demand in 2012 wou ld have been calculated as 21,597 AF. Agricultural demand was therefore
calibrated as 2% of 21,597, or 398 AF, for the 2012 Proxy for agriculture.
For each use type, the 2012 Proxy water use was divided by the land use to get a water use unit factor
in AF per acre (AF/AC). For Agriculture, this was 0.71 AF/AC. Projecting forward , this unit factor was
applied to the projected acreage for each land use type. Recycled water was then added, and water
losses accounted for. The FY2015 AWWA water audit completed for CMWD indicated 4.7% of water
produced was lost, calculated as the volume of water loss (real + apparent losses) divided by the
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volume of total water produced (water supplied). Limited discrepancies were reconciled proportionally
across water use type. The estimated projected water use by sector for 2020 through 2040 is
presented in Table 4-6.
Table 4-6: Projected Demands for Potable Water (AFY)
DWR Table 4-2 Retail: Demands for Potable and Raw Water -Projected
Use Type
Projected Water Use
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Agricultural 226 205 190 70 69
Commercial 3,373 3,637 3,724 3,771 3,809
Industrial 7 7 7 7 7
Institutional 162 171 172 171 166
Landscape 2,122 2,235 2,249 2,232 2,227
Mu lti-F ami ly 2,073 2,201 2,229 2,214 2,21 4
Single Family 9,198 9,820 9,979 10,351 10,346
Water Losses 846 901 915 928 929
TOTAL 18,007 19,177 19,465 19,744 19,768
NOTES: CMWD does not serve raw water to customers; al l non-recycled water is potable. Institutional use
includes public buildings, schools, and fire protection. Single Family includes single family, low density single
fam ily, and temporary potable meters . Water loss was calculated as 4.7% of potable water use (wa ter loss
divided by water production), based on FY2015 AWWA water audit for CMWD's potable system. Some
differences may occur due to rounding .
4.3 Projected Total Water Use and Demand Projection Provided to
Wholesaler
Table 4-7 provides a summary of the total projected potable and recycled water use for CMWD, including
retail water deliveries and additional water uses and losses for a normal or average year. SDCWA is
projecting higher demands in dry years (SDCWA, 2016). CMWD's water demands would be higher in
dry years similar in proportion to SDCWA project ions. Estimated changes in demand resu lting from
single or multiple dry years are provided in Section 7 Water Supply Reliability Assessment.
Table 4-7: Current and Projected Total Water Demands (AFY)
DWR Table 4-3 Retail: Total Water Demands
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Potable Water 14,029 18,007 19,177 19,465 19,744 19,768
Recycled Water 3,793 5,078 5,078 5,078 5,078 5,078
Total Water Demand 17,822 23,085 24,255 24,543 24,822 24,846
NOTES: Recycled Water Demands are discussed in Section 6 System Supplies
SDCWA currently provides 100% of the potable water distributed by CMWD, and CMWD does not
receive raw water from any of its supply sources. CMWD's Board approved an agreement for CMWD
to purchase desalinated seawater from the Carlsbad Desalination Plant as part of its local supplies.
These supplies are anticipated to begin deliveries in 2016. Therefore, CMWD's projected demands on
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imported SDCWA potable water are equal to the total potable water demands presented in Table 46, less
the 2,500 AFY desalinated seawater local supply.
4.4 Water Demands for Lower Income Households
CMWD does not keep direct records of which customers are low income households, but an estimate
of low income water use and projected demands has been developed based on estimated household
incomes for the City of Ca rlsbad. DWR has defined a low-income household as one with a median
household income (MHI) of less than 80% of statewide MHI. According to 2009-2013 American
Community Survey, low income households are those earning $48,875 or less per year.
The City of Carlsbad 's General Plan does not include data on number of low income housing units
currently present within the City. CMWD therefore used SANDAG projections of household incomes to
estimate the number of Low Income households it serves. Using the Series 13 Growth Forecast, which
was developed based on general plans and anticipated development for cities within San Diego
County, SANDAG developed projections of household incomes in tiers of $15 000. This analysis
assumes that any household earning less than $45,000 annually qualifies as low income now and
into the future. Within the City of Carlsbad, this translates to 23% of households, or 9,777 households.
Applying the proportion of the City of Carlsbad residing in CMWD's service area (77 .6%) to this number
results in an estimated 7,587 low income households in 2015. The proportion of households
designated as low income with this analysis was then applied to projected residential demands to
estimate low income water demands. This estimate assume that the ratio of low-income multi-family
and single-family homes is consistent with the overall ratio of multi-family and single-family customers.
Table 4-8 presents the projected low income water demands. The residential water demands
presented in Table 4-1 and 4-6 include the water demands of low income housing as required by SB
087.
Table 4-8: Projected Water Demands of Low-Income Households
Low Income Water Demands 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Low Income Households 7,587 8,058 7,970 7,659 7,461 7,207
Low Income Single-Family Demands (AFY) 2,176 2,118 2,186 2,113 2,101 2,016
Low Income Multi-Family Demands (AFY) 468 477 490 472 449 431
Total (AFY) 2,644 2,595 2,677 2,585 2,550 2,448
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Alert," which implements mandatory water restrictions such as restricted irrigation watering days and
times. This level of reduction has reduced CMWD's water use below its 2020 target.
Since 2007, CMWD's per capita water use has been experiencing a decline partially due to increased
retail water cost, increased use of water conservation measures by customers responding to drought
conditions, and poor economic conditions. CMWD's per capita water use in 2015 (149 gpcd) was
already below the 2020 target. Th is 2015 water use may be temporary as a resu lt of conservation
efforts to meet State-mandated demand reductions in response to the current unprecedented
drought. A partial rebound to prior per capita water use levels may occur once the drought is over,
although water use has met or exceeded its SBX7-7 targets.
CMWD's approach to meeting the 2020 per capita water use target has several elements consisting of
increased saturation into the customer base of low flow plumbing devices and fixtures, continued
Implementation of demand management measures, water use reductions that occur with the increased
costs of water, and increased use of recycled water. Recycled water is excluded from gross water use
in determining per capita water use according to the DWR guidance. CMWD's water conservation
efforts are described in Section 6 Demand Management Measures.
5.2 Water Use and S8x7-7 Compliance
CMWD's gross water use is the total volume of potable water entering its distribution system. Only
gross potable water use is used for SBx7-7 compliance. All required tables for calculating and
demonstrating SBx7-7 compliance are provided in Appendix G.
As directed by DWR, the 2015 UWMP is an opportunity to revise the SBx7-7 baselines and targets,
and allows agencies to use finalized 2010 U.S. Census data for its population estimates for baseline
years. CMWD has updated its population estimates for 2000-2010, and subsequently revised its
baseline water use and targets, as described below.
5.2.1 Basellne GPCD Water Use
Baseline gpcd water use was calculated using Method 1. This method requires calculating gpcd for
each of the potential baseline periods, using updated U.S. Census population estimates for the years
2001-2010. Census data for 2000 and 2010 were overlaid with the CMWD service area, and an
analysis was completed at the block-level to calculate the population served by CMWD in those years.
For Census blocks that are partially within the CMWD service area, a proportion of the population equal
to the proportion of the geographical area within the service area was used. The resulting population
numbers were then compared to the U.S. Census population for the City of Carlsbad, and it was
determined that on average, CMWD serves 77.6% of the total City's population. This proportion was
then applied to California Department of Finance (DOF) population estimates for the City of Carlsbad
to provide an estimate of CMWD population in non-Census years. Using the population analysis results
and water use data, the annual gpcd was determined for each year between 1990 and 2010. Table
5-1 presents the annual gpcd for each potential baseline year.
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Table 5-1: Annual Potable Water Use for Potential Baseline Years
Service Area Gross Potable Dally Per Capita
Year Water Use Water Use1 Population (AFY) (GPCD)
1990 50,764 17,919 315
1991 51 ,730 16,450 284
1992 52,715 13,753 233
1993 53,718 14,928 248
1994 54,741 14,963 244
1995 55,783 14,008 224
1996 56,845 15,140 238
1997 57,927 16,011 247
1998 59,030 15,449 234
1999 60,154 17,313 257
2000 61,261 19,952 291
2001 64,372 18,884 262
2002 68,007 20,586 270
2003 69,916 20,278 259
2004 71 ,459 21 ,222 265
2005 72,975 20,163 247
2006 75,672 21 ,206 250
2007 77,619 22,099 254
2008 79,400 21 ,187 238
2009 80,340 19,867 221
2010 81 ,081 17,142 189
5.2.2 Baseline Periods
The population projection described above was applied to CMWD's 1990-2010 gross potable water
use to determine a revised baseline for CMWD's SBx7-7 compliance. No adjustments were made to
the 1990-2010 water use data from the 2010 UWMP because they are actual gross potable water
use for CMWD's system. The baseline period for CMWD was selected after consideration of all
potential baselines periods. In accordance with the 2015 UWMP Guidebook, agencies meeting at least
10% of total water deliveries with recycled water in 2008 can use a 10-to 15-year baseline. CMWD's
recycled water deliveries in 2008 were 3,877 AF, or 15.9% of its total water deliveries of 24,460 AF.
CMWD can therefore use a baseline consisting of a 10-to 15-year continuous period ending between
December 31, 2004, and December 31, 2010. The potential baselines in Table 5-2 are presented by
ending year. For a 10-year baseline ending in 2004, the starting year would be 1995; for the 15-year
baseline ending in 2004, the starting year is 1990.
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The 2015 UWMP is required to show compliance with the interim target for S8x7-7. As shown in Table
5-4, CMWD has met. and exceeded, its 2015 interim target. Because of this, no additional calculation
of extraordinary events economic adjustment, or weather normalization was conducted.
Table 5-4: 2015 Compliance
DWR Table 5-2: 2015 Compliance
2015 2015 Optional Adjustments to 2016 GPCD In
Actual Interim Adjusted 2015 Compliance? Extraordinary Economic Weather GPCD GPCD Target Events Adjustment Normalization 2015 Y/N GPCD
145 233 . . . 145 145 y
NOTES: No adjustments were made to CMWD's 2015 GPCD; Water use is significantly reduced from the baseline
period due to extraordinary conservation activities underway for the ongoing drought.
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6.2 Purchased Water
Water 'Supplies
Draft
CMWD imports all of its potable water from SDCWA, which in turn purchases SWP and Colorado River
water from MWD, acquires Colorado River supplies directly or from other agencies, and purchases
desalinated seawater produced at Poseidon's Carlsbad Desalination Plant, which began deliveries at
the end of 2015. Imported water is conveyed into the area via MWD and SDCWA aqueducts. Upon its
formation in 1954, CMWD joined SDCWA to acquire the right to purchase and distribute imported
water throughout its service area. SDCWA has 24 member agencies, including CMWD, and is the
regional wholesa ler of imported water in San Diego County. Beginning in 2016, CWMD will begin
receiving direct deliveries of desalinated seawater, reducing CMWD's reliance on SDCWA for potable
supplies (see Section 6.5 Seawater Desalination).
CMWD also purchases disinfected tertiary recycled water from VWD and LWWD to help meet recycled
water demands for customers remote from the Carlsbad WRF. Discussion of these recycled water
suppliers are provided in Section 6. 7 Wastewater and Recycled Water Opportunities.
6.2.1 Metropolitan Water District of Southern California
MWD was created in 1928 following the passage of the Metropolitan Water District Act by the
Ca lifornia Legislature to provide supplemental water for cities and communities on the south coastal
plain of California. MWD serves as a water wholesaler, and provides water to its member agencies
from both the Colorado River and the SWP. It has 26 member agencies including SDCWA, and covers
an area which includes all, or portions, of Ventura, Los Angeles. Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino,
and San Diego Counties. MWD's water supplies and management programs are discussed in their
2015 Regional Urban Water Management Plan (MWD, 2016).
6.2.2 San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA)
SDCWA was organized on June 9, 1944 under the County Water Authority Act for the express purpose
of importing Colorado River water into San Diego County. SDCWA annexed to MWD in 1946. As its
largest customer, SDCWA is now represented on MWD's Board of Directors by four directors. SDCWA
purchases water from MWD and other sources for resale to its 24 member agencies. Beginning at the
end of 2015, SDCWA's potable supplies have included a mix of imported water, local surface water,
and desalinated seawater from the Carlsbad Desalination Plant.
3-CMWD is one of 24 member agencies of SDCWA. Each member agency is autonomous and
represented on SDCWA's Board of Directors, setting local policies and water pricing structures. The
representatives on the Board of Directors are appointed by each member agency and the number of
representatives for each agency is based on a ratio of each member's assessed valuation compared
to the total of all member agencies. CMWD currently has two Board members on the 36-member Board
of Directors. Member agency status entitles CMWD to directly purchase water from SDCWA on a
wholesale basis. CMWD also looks to SDCWA to ensure, to the best of its ability, that adequate
amounts of imported water will be available to satisfy future potable water requirements.
SDCWA's water supplies and management programs are discussed in their 2015 Urban Water
Management Plan (SDCWA. 2016). CMWD's projected water purchases from SDCWA are provided in
Table 6-13, be low.
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6.3 local Surface Water and Groundwater
CMWD does not currently use any local groundwater and surface water supplies, although in the past
both types of water sources have been used. Prior to 1957, the Carlsbad Mutual Water Company
supplied local surface water from Lake Calavera and groundwater from the Mission Basin of the San
Luis Rey River to the City of Carlsbad. In addition, the Terrama r Water Company provided local
groundwater to a portion of the City of Carlsbad from the Agua Hedionda subunit 4.30 of the Carlsbad
hydrologic unit through wells they developed, referred to as the Cannon Well Fie ld. In August 1957,
the water rights and other assets of the Carlsbad Mutual Water Company and Terramar Water
Company were purchased by the City of Carlsbad. In May 1983, through an agreement, these local
surface water and groundwater rights were transferred to CMWD by the City of Carlsbad. Th is included
rights to Mission Basin of the San Luis Rey River Valley of 200 miner's inches (approximately 3,650
AFY) of groundwater, prescriptive rights of 5 cubic feet per second (cfs) (up to 2,382 AF) of
groundwater, and/or pre-1914 appropriative rights
The Carlsbad Mutual Water Company held a permit with the State Division of Water Rights for another
1,000 AF annually from the Mission Basin. The original permit was for irrigation purposes and was
later changed to recreational and fire protection purposes. Additionally, there were surface water rights
for 150 AFY which were held from Calavera Creek. The Terramar Water Company had rights to 450
AFY of groundwater from the Agua Hedionda Creek Basin. Finally, CMWD obtained a permit for surface
water in the amount of 25 AF from Agua Hedionda Creek as a result of constructing Maerkle Dam in
1962
Table 6-2 identifies the groundwater basins ln the vicinity of CMWD according to DWR Bulletin 118,
which are also shown in Figure 6-1, above. The Batiquitos Lagoon Valley Groundwater Basin is the only
basin located in CMWD's service area. The San Luis Rey Valley Groundwater Basin is located north of
CMWD and the San Marcos Valley Groundwater Basin is located east of CMWD. Of these groundwater
basins, San Luis Rey Valley Groundwater Basin has been designated as a Medium Priority Basin under
California Groundwater Elevation Monitoring (CASGEM), while both Batiquitos Lagoon Valley and San
Marcos Valley Groundwater Basins are designated as Very Low Priority. High and Medium priority
basins are required by the State to be monitored, while Low and Very Low priority basins are not
currently considered basins of concern; as such, of the basins In the vicinity of CMWD's service area,
only monitoring of the San Luis Rey Val ley Groundwater Basin is mandated. This monitoring is being
undertaken through a coordinated effort between the City of Oceanside and the County of San Diego.
None of the basins listed in Table 6-2 are adjudicated, nor has DWR identified any of these
groundwater basins as being in overdraft. Within the San Luis Rey Valley Groundwater Basin are
several loca lly-recognized subbasins, which are commonly considered separate hydrological units:
Mission, Bonsall, Moosa, Pala and Pauma Basins (SDCWA, 2010).
Other potential sources of groundwater could be subsurface flows from local hydrologic areas within
the Carlsbad Watershed, including Buena Vista Creek Basin, Agua Hedionda Creek Basin, Encinas
Creek Basin , and the Batiquitos Hydrologic Subarea. These resources have low potential yields, poor
quality, or no available data to substantiate their long term use in the public water supply. Generally
speaking, these basins do not have geological characteristics or size comparable to the Mission Basin
of the San Luis Rey Valley Groundwater Basin, and collectively could supply only a small portion of
CMWD's needs.
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Table 6-2: Groundwater Basins in t he Vicinity of CMWD
Located Supply DWR Within
Basin Name Basin Basin CMWD Currently Groundwater Management Plan
Number Prlorlty1 Service Utlllzed Status
Area byCMWD
San Luis Rey Groundwater Sustainability Plan
Valley 9-7 Medium No OAFY under development by CASGEM
{including the monitoring entities (City of Oceanside
Mission Basin) and County of San Diego)
Batiquitos 9-22 Very Yes OAFY None2 Lagoon Valley Low
San Marcos 9-32 Very No OAFY None2 Valley Low
1 California Sustainable Groundwater Elevation Monitoring (CASGEM) designated priority
2 Basin is not currently used as supply and no groundwater management plan has been developed or adopted by
CMWD. Groundwater management plans or groundwater sustainability plans would be adopted prior to use of these
groundwater basins for supply, as req uired.
Mission Basin
Of the groundwater basins available to CMWD, the Mission Basin of the San Luis Rey Va lley
Groundwater Basin has the most potential as a viable water resource. This basin has a large drainage
area of 565 square miles and consists of all uvium and river channel deposits averaging 150 feet in
depth. The quality is mildly brackish with TDS concentrations ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 milligrams
per liter (mg/L). For CMWD's use, t he water would need to be treated by a low pressure membrane,
reverse osmosis process to achieve treated water quality in the range of 500 mg/L. The City of
Oceanside is currently doing this at their Mission Basin Groundwater Purification Facility.
In 2005, CMWD completed a study on the cost effectiveness of utilizing the groundwater from the
Mission Basin. This study showed that while the treatment and delivery of groundwater is feasible, it
was not cost effective for CMWD at the time of the study. As a result, CMWD's Board approved the
staff recommendation to discontinue efforts to utilize this groundwater source as an alternate local
supply at that time. However, since 2005, improvements in technology may have resulted in lower
costs for removing TDS, and these costs may continue to decrease over t ime. In addition, the cost of
imported water has increased significantly since 2005 and this trend is projected by both MWD and
SDCWA to continue over time. With the increasing cost and decreasing reliability of imported water,
the cost effectiveness of using local groundwater once again has become attractive. A groundwater
supply from the Mission Basin would require the construction of several wells, a groundwater
treatment facility, and a conveyance system. Wheel ing the t reated groundwater through the Oceanside
distribution system may be an option. Accordingly, CMWD currently is reevaluating its plans for
utilization of groundwater in t he Mission Basin, which may become cost effective, for CMWD or third
parties, as technology continues to improve and imported water costs continue to increase. The 2012
Water Master Plan included capital improvement project funding in Phase 4 to develop groundwater
supplies in both the Mission Basin and Agua Hedionda Creek Basin areas.
June 2016 6-5
2015 Urban Water Management Plan
Carlsbad Municipal Water District
Cannon Well Field
Water Supplies
Draft
The Cannon Well Field, located with in the Agua Hed ionda Creek Basin subarea of the Carlsbad
Watershed, was historica lly used as a source of local water. Pumping ceased after 19621 but in the
years leading up to then, production ranged from 16 AFY to 238 AFY. This well field cou ld be considered
having a potential available yield of 450 AFY (CMWD, 2012). Historically, additional small private wells
for individual residences were also located within this subarea, along with private wells in the Buena
Vista Creek Basin (RWQCB, 1980).
A 1991 study titled Report on the Feasibility for Development of the Cannon Well Field Carlsbad,
California was completed of the Agua Hedionda subunit where the Cannon Well Field is located. This
study indicated that by a 1950 agreement between then-landowner Ellen Hall and J.D . Cannon, the
Terrama r Water Company was granted the right to drill for and remove water from the land. In 1964,
this origina l agreement was merged with an agreement with the City of Carlsbad and the then-
landowner to have the sole right and exc lusive right to drill wells on the property and take and remove
all water developed on the property and deliver it to such places as the City, in its sole discretion, may
determine. The City (CMWD) shall be entitled to produce from the property an additional 16.5 AFY;
however, there are no recorded groundwater rights. The safe yield was estimated in the 1991 study at
400 AFY. CMWD could begin the process of developing the groundwater. The Rancho Carlsbad Mobile
Home Pa rk does have one operating well in the vicinity, estimated at 100 AFY, wh ich they use to supply
water for irrigation of their landscaping and through a separate agreement supply water to the adjacent
Rancho Carlsbad Golf Course. Ultimately, if there is excessive pumping, there may be adverse effects,
such as the elimination of surface flow in Agua Hedionda Creek, reduction in the wetlands area
downstream of the El Camino Real Bridge, and increased salinity in the transition zone of fresh water
to salt water in the Agua Hedionda Lagoon. These problems can be addressed if the Cannon We ll Field
is developed by CMWD through a program of scheduled observations and a monitoring program.
CMWD is currently in the process of clarifying its groundwater rights. Groundwater could potentially be
recovered from the Mission Basin and/or Agua Hedionda lagoon, although such groundwater would
require desalination. CMWD still is exploring groundwater as a local water supply concept; as such,
groundwater is not included in CMWD's supply projections. CMWD does not currently pump
groundwater; therefore DWR Table 6-1 (Table 6-3) is not currently applicable.
Table 6-3: Groundwater Volume Pumped
DWR Table 6-1 Retail: Groundwater Volume Pumped
-
Supplier does not pump groundwater
The supplier will not complete the table below
6.4 Storm Water
CMWD does not currently utilize storm water for supply, nor does it plan to beneficially use storm water
as a resource in the near future.
6.5 Seawater Desalination
Since 1999, a large-sca le seawater desalination facility has been actively explored as a potential loca l
supply for the San Diego region. CMWD was involved in planning for the seawater desalination facility
throughout its development. After exploring the feasibility of a variety of purchase agreements and
delivery structures, Poseidon Resources (Channelside), LP. (Poseidon), SDCWA, and SDCWA's
member agencies came to agreement to move forward with implementation of a desalination facility
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Carlsbad Municipal Water District Draft
for the region. In 2015, Poseidon completed construction of the Carlsbad Desalination Plant, located
at the Encina Power Plant site adjacent to Agua Hedionda Lagoon, and began deliveries of desalinated
seawater. Desalinated water produced at this facility is designated a local supply. Desalinated water
from this facility is pumped to SDCWA's Twin Oaks Treatment Plant (refer to Figure 3-2), where it is
blended with treated imported water for delivery to SDCWA member agencies, including CMWD. On
April 12, 2016, CMWD Board of Directors approved an agreement between SDCWA and CMWD for the
planning and design of the direct connection to the desalinated pipeline (Carlsbad 5 Flow Control
Facility and Pressure Reducing Station), which will provide 2,500 AFY of local desalinated seawater to
CMWD through a Take or Pay agreement. SDCWA currently purchases all of the water produced at the
desalination faci lity under its purchase agreement with Poseidon. In addition to receiving desalinated
seawater through SDCWA's supply mix, CMWD also opted to maintain its rights to receive water directly
from the desalinated pipeline coming from the facility. A direct connection would improve water supply
reliability and add infrastructure redundancy by providing a delivery system independent of SDCWA's
larger system. Should supply disruption occur as a result of damage to SDCWA's system, CMWD would
still be able to receive desalinated seawater when the option to pursue a direct connection to the
facility which will consist of Carlsbad 5 Flow Control Facility and Pressure Reducing Station is
implemented.
Through its general purchase of water supplies from SDCWA, CMWD receives a pro rata share of 1,449
AFY desa linated water, and CMWD will also directly receive an additional 2,500 AFY desalinated water
as part of a Take or Pay agreement. This direct supply is considered a local supply for CMWD. In the
event that additional water is produced by the Carlsbad Desalination Plant, beyond SDCWA's annual
demand commitment of 48,000 AFY, CMWD may purchase an additional volume of desalinated water,
equal to 5.21% of the additional production. This additional water is not accounted for in current supply
projections due to uncertainty surrounding its procurement.
As shown in Table 6-4, the Carlsbad Seawater Desalination project and brackish groundwater from the
San Luis Rey Valley provide opportunity for the development of desalinated water within CMWD's
service area as a future supply source.
Table 6-4: Opportunities for Desalinated Water
Sources of Water Opportunities
--
Ocean water Carlsbad Seawater Desalination ProjecUPoseidon Resources
Brackish groundwater Mission Basin of San Luis Rey Valley
6.6 Transfers and Exchange Opportunities
CMWD relies entirely on water purchased from SDCWA for potable water supplies, and does not
participate individually in any water transfer or exchange programs at this time. After completion of
the Phase Ill Recycled Water Project, CMWD may provide recycled water via transfers or exchanges to
other agencies in the future as part of the NSDWRC.
6.7 Wastewater and Recycled Water
The City of Carlsbad provides wastewater services through its participation in EWA, while CMWD
produces, buys, sells, and distributes recycled water to customers both within its service area and to
customers located in adjacent agency service areas. This section describes wastewater and recycled
water supplies and demands for customers within CMWD's service area, as well as those served by
CMWD but located outside of its direct service area. Table 6,.5 provides a summary of recycled water
June 2016 6-7
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Carlsbad Municipal Water District Draft
supply and demand, which are all further explained in detail below. CMWD's supply projections are
significantly higher than current identified demands because CMWD has the potential to retain its
current purchasing rights from VWD and LWWD, but is also expanding its Carlsbad WRF to increase
local production of recycled water. CMWD will either identify new non-potable customers or sell the
recycled water to neighboring agencies to allow the region to maximize local sources. CMWD
anticipates only producing as much recycled water at Carlsbad WRF to meet demands, but the
potential surplus of recycled water allows for flexibility in management of its supplies, and provides
potential for increasing recycled water use within and adjacent to CMWD's service area,
Table &5: Summary of CMWD's Recycled Water Supplies and Demands (AFY}
2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Recycled Water Supplies
Carlsbad WRF 1,9031 8,272 8,272 8,272 8,272 8,272
Meadowlark WRF 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,000 2,187 2,187
GafnerWRF 247 247 247 247 247 247
Total Recycled Water Supplies 4,150 10,519 10,519 10,519 10,706 10,706
Recycled Water Demands
Projected Recycled Water Demands 3,793 5,078 5,078 5,078 5,078 5,078
Potential Recycled Water Surplus 357 5,441 5,441 5,441 5,628 5,628
1 Actual 2015 volume supplied.
6.7.1 Recycled Water Coordination
For production and delivery of recycled water sufficient to meet local demands, CMWO's recycled water
system requires coordination with the three agencies listed here. CMWO's relationship with each of
these organizations is also described.
• Enclna Wastewater Authority (EWA): Regional wastewater collection and treatment system;
supplies secondary effluent to Carlsbad WRF for tertiary treatment and discharges unused
secondary effluent to the Pacific Ocean via the Encina Ocean Outfall
• Vallecltos Water District (VWD): Produces tertiary recycled water and sells to CMWD
• Leucadia Wastewater District (LWWD): Produces tertiary recycled water and sells to CMWD
6.7.2 Wastewater Treatment and Collection Facllltles
EWA provides regional treatment and effluent disposal through an ocean outfall from the EWPCF. EWA
is owned by six agencies in northern San Diego County, and operates under a joint powers agreement:
Cities of Carlsbad, Vista, and Encinitas W.JD, Buena Sanitation District, and LWWD. In total, EWA
provides wastewater services to approximately 300,000 people. Wastewater collected by EWA
members are conveyed to the EWPCF, where it is treated to secondary, and either discharged to the
Pacific Ocean via the Encina Ocean Outfall or conveyed to the Carlsbad WRF or Gafner WRF for
additional t reatment for beneficial reuse. The City of Ca rlsbad owns capacity rights at EWPCF for 10.26
mgd. The EWPCF provides for full secondary treatment, sludge handling, and disposal through a deep
ocean outfall (Encina Ocean Outfall} that extends along the ocean floor to a point one and a half miles
off shore, at a depth of over 150 feet. Treatment levels at EWPCF meet all current State and Federal
requirements. Refer to Figure 6-1 for location of the EWPCF and Encina Ocean Outfall.
June 2016 6-8
2015 Urban Water Management Plan Water Supplies
Carlsbad Municipal Water District Draft
• Caltrans (Interstate 5 landscaping)
• The Flower Fields
In addition, recycled water is also supplied to parks, median strips, shopping areas, the common areas
of numerous homeowners associations, and industrial parks. The Phase Ill Project will add the NRG
Power Plant as one of its largest recycled water customers. estimated to use 215 AFY recycled water
for industrial purposes. Recycled water use (current and projected) is presented, by use category in
Table6-8.
June 2016 6-14
2015 Urban Water Management Plan Water Supplies
Carlsbad Municipal Water District Draft
6.7.5 Potential and Projected Recycled Water Use
Actual recycled water use in 2015 within CMWD's service area was 3,793 AFY. The 2010 UWMP
projected recycled water use in 2015 would be 5,000 AFY. The difference is accounted for by delays
in construction and implementation of the Phase Ill Recycled Water Project. Table 6-9 compares the
projected recycled water use for 2015 (as projected in the 2010 UWMP) with actual metered recycled
water use for 2015.
Table 6-9: 2010 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2015 Actual (AFY)
DWR Table 6-5 Retail: 2010 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2015 Actual
1111
Use Type 201 O Projection for 2015 actual use 2015
Agricultural irrigation
Landscape irrigation (exc golf courses) 4,200 2,699
Golf course irrigation 800 1,094
Commercial use
Industrial use
Geothermal and other energy production
Seawater intrusion barrier
Recreational impoundment
Wetlands or wildlife habitat
Groundwater recharge (IPR)
Surface water augmentation (IPR)
Direct potable reuse
Other I
Total 5,000 3,793
NOTES: The 2010 UWMP only considered Landscape Irrigation and Golf Course Irrigation and did not project for
other types of use. For purposes of comparison. recycled water deliveries in 2015 were consolidated into these
two use types.
6. 7.6 Methods to Encourage Recycled Water Use
CMWD has actively pursued recycled water in its service area, and has implemented multiple
mechanisms to encourage recycled water use. Some of these mechanisms include rate incentives,
policies and ordinances, development of clear use guidelines, participation in regional trainings and
certifications, and active participation in regional and local recycled water projects that include
outreach and expand distribution systems. Table 6-10 provides a summary of the methods that have
been used to encourage recycled water use within CMWD's service area.
In 2015, CMWD charged a rate of $3.53/unit, or approximately $1,538/AF for recycled water. This Is
lower than potable water rates for all customer classes and rate types except Tier 1 Single and Multi-
Family Residential customers (who use between O and 5 units potable water per month), which each
paid $3.35/unit potable water. Commercial and Non-Residential customers paid $4.05/unit potable
June 2016 6-16
2015 Urban Water Management Plan Water Supplies
Carlsbad Municipal Water District Draft
water. Agricultural customers paid $4.15/unit potable water, and Irrigation customers paid $4.44/unit
potable water. Recycled water can be an attractive choice given potential savings between $0.48/unit
and $0.91/unit for non-residential users compared to potable water.
CMWD policy is that recycled water sha ll be used within the jurisdiction wherever its use is
economically justified, financially and technically feasible, and consistent with legal requirements,
preservation of public health, safety and welfare, and the environment. Since 1990, City policy requires
that recycled water be used on all new land use developments proposed in the City of Carlsbad for all
State--approved non-potable uses, If and when available. CMWD's Recycled Water Master Plan was
prepared in support of CMWO 's recycled water policy to define, encourage and develop the use of
recycled water, and is required to be updated no less than every five years. The installation of dual
irrigation systems and connections to recycled water sources is also required and subject to the
conditions of CMWD's Recycled Water Master Plan.
CMWD has Cross Connection Control Technicians who review on-site irrigation systems to verify no
cross connections have occurred between the potable and recycled water systems. In addition, reviews
are made to eliminate overspray and nuisance problems. To date, no major problems have occurred.
A quarterly report is submitted to the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB) on any
field tests and observations. For businesses, cross connection tests are often performed at night to
reduce impacts on their operations and customers.
CMWD's Engineering Standards -Volume
2: Potable and Recycled Water (CMWD,
2004) provide user guidelines that have
been established by CMWD, in
conjunction with the review by San Diego
County Department of Environmenta l
Health, which are intended to provide the
basic parameters for the use of recycled
water in landscape irrigation.
City of Carlsbad Recycled Water Use Guidance
• Irrigate between 10:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. only.
• Irrigate to minimize run-off, pooling and ponding.
• Adjust spray heads to eliminate overspray onto areas
not controlled by the user.
• Monitor and maintain the system to minimize
equipment and material failure.
• Continually educate all maintenance personnel on
the presence and allowable uses of recycled water.
Each year, SDCWA hosts a one-day • Gain prior approval by CMWD of all proposed
certified course designed to provide changes and modifications to any private facilities.
Irrigation supervisors with a basic • Conduct annual cross connection inspection.
understanding of recycled water. • Designate an on-site supervisor, in writing, who is
Completion of the Recyc led Water Site familiar with the plumbing system, basic concepts of
Supervisor Training fulfills the training back_flow/cross connection protection and the specific
requirement as mandated by regulatory requirements of a recycled water system.
authorities. The class provides information to supervisors on the water recycling process, recycled
water quality and safety issues, the duties and responsibilities of the supervisor, landscape irrigation
fundamentals, maintenance and management, and cross connection control shut-down tests and
inspections. Understanding similarities and differences between recycled and potable water is
import.ant to the successful operation of a recycled water system.
June 2016 6-17
2015 Urban Water Management Plan Water Supplies
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Table 6-10: Methods to Expand Future Recycled Water Use (AFY)
DWR Table 6-6 Retail: Methods to Expand Future Recycled Water Use
.. Supplier does not plan to expand recycled water use in the future. Supplter will not complete
the table below but will provide narrative explanation.
-Provide page location of narrative in UWMP
Planned Expected
Name of Action Description Implementation Increase in
Recycled Year Water Use
Rate Controls Maintain recycled water rates below potable -water rates
Phase Ill Recycled Expand recycled water system to meet 2015 -2025 1,136 Water Project identified demands
Mandatory Use Requires dual plumbing in new development 1990 -Ordinance and use of recycled water if available
Outreach and education efforts as part of
Public Outreach NSDWRC to educate public on benefits, 2014 -2016 -safety, and proper use of various types of
recycled water
Total 1,136
NOTES: The actions included in this table all support increased recycled water use made available and accessible
through the Phase Ill Recycled Water Project.
6.8 Future Water Projects
CMWD is in the process of implementing the Phase Ill Recycled Water Project, which is being
implemented by segment, with 1,136 AFY of the total demands considered uverifiable". These
demands are ones that have already been awarded funding or are far enough along in the design and
contracting process to be considered certain. The remaining demands of the Phase Ill Recycled Water
Project are considered uplanned" recycled water demands, and are not included in the recycled water
projections in this UWMP. The Phase Ill project includes the following components, designed to meet
the following demands. Note that some demands may have changed as the project is being
implemented:
• Segment 1A -99 AFY • Segment 7 -114 AFY
• Segment 2 -286 AFY • Segment 8 -420 AFY
• Segment 4A -554 AFY • Segment 9 -91 AFY
• Segment 5 -454 AFY • Segment 18 -25 AFY
• Connection of Adjacent to
Existing Users -598 AFY
• Carlsbad WRF Expansion
• Additional Storage
CMWD is also one of ten member agencies of the NSDWRC, which is cooperatively implementing a
regional recycled water system to maximize recycled water use and implement potable reuse in
northern San Diego County. CMWD's portion of the NSDWRC Regional Project is the Phase Ill Recycled
Water Project. Through the NSDWRC, CMWD may provide recycled water to other members, and may
receive additional recycled water from other members, as necessary. Additiona l information about the
NSDWRC and its recycled water project can be found at http://nsdwrc.org/.
June 2016 6-18
2015 Urban Water Management Plan Water Supplie!i
carlsbad Municipal Water District Draft
Table 6-11: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs
DWR Table 6-7 Retail: Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs El No expected future water supply protects or programs that provide a quantifiable increase to the agency's water supply Supplier will not complete
the table below
Iii Some or all of the suppl1e(s future waler supply pro1ects or programs are nol compatible w,th this table and are descnbed 1n a narrative format m Provide page location of narrative m the UWMP
Name of Future Joint Project with other agencies? Planned Planned for Expected Increase
Projects or Desaiption Implementation Use in Year in Water Supply to
Programs YIN Agency Name Year Type Agency (AFY)
Phase Ill Recycled Expansion of
Water Project -No recycled water 2035 Average -Long-tenn distribution Year
demands system
Groundwater Development of Average Unknown at this
Supply No groundwater 2025 Year time supplies
Leucadia Wastewater District, Vallecitos Water
District, City of Oceanside, City of Escondido, Regional Supports
NSDWRC Regional Olivenhain Municipal Water District, Rincon del Average implementation of
Project Yes Diablo Municipal Water District, San Elijo Joint recycled water 2035 Year Phase Ill recycled
Powers Authority, Santa Fe Irrigation District, project water project
and Vista Irrigation District
Carlsbad 5 Flow Direct
connection to Control Facility and Yes SDCWA desalinated 2016 Average 2.500 Pressure Reducing seawater Year
Station pipeline
NOTES: Groundwater supplies are considered uncertain due to challenges associated with development of supplies. CMWD anticipates some flexibility in its recycled
water supply due to projected recycled water surpluses. CMWD has the right to an additional 5.21% of any desalinated seawater produced for SDCWA beyond SDCWA's
minimum volume of 48,000 AFY. This could result in additional supplies for CMWO which have not been quantified due to uncertainty over how much water would actually
be available. CMWD's direct connection will be constructed by approximately September 2018, but CMWD will begin receiving this ·rake or Pay' waler via SDCWA's
Infrastructure unrn the direct connection Is complete.
June 2016 6-20
2015 Urban Water Management Plan Water Supplies
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6.11 Climate Change Impacts to Supply
Climate change is a concern for CMWD and other agencies within the San Diego region. A summary of
climate change vulnerabilities, impacts, and actions to address these impacts is provided in Section
3 System Description. While the exact effects of climate change are unknown, average temperatures
will increase, weather events will be more intense and more frequent, and precipitation patterns will
change. As with other agencies in the region, CMWD relies heavily on imported water purchased from
SDCWA. These imported supplies come from the SWP and the Colorado River. SWP reliability is
dependent on rainfall and snowpack, and the timing of snowmelt. Climate change will make snowpack
less reliable, either through changes in amount of water stored in snowpack, or through changes to
the timing of snowmelt (e.g., earlier melt means excess water is available when demands are low, and
less water is available during warmer months when demands are higher). Extreme weather events
could damage imported water infrastructure or could exacerbate drought conditions.
As identified by the Climate Change Planning Study completed for the 2013 San Diego IRWM Plan,
climate change is anticipated to result in up to a 25% decrease in supplies from the SWP, up to a 20%
decrease in supplies from the Colorado River, totaling a 164,000 AFY average shortfall in imported
supply for the San Diego Region. The Climate Change Vulnerability Analysis found that that this
anticipated decrease in imported supply was the greatest concern for the region, and was given a
"Very High Prioritization". The vulnerabilities identified in the assessment may contribute to issues
include a decrease in imported supply, a decrease in groundwater supply, sensitivity due to higher
drought potential, and reduction in available supplies due to impacts from invasive species.
Local supply development is anticipated to help mitigate climate change impacts by developing
drought-proof supplies (e.g. recycled water), reducing potential supply disruptions from imported
water, and reducing overall energy demands for providing water to customers.
Table 6-14: Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment
Vulnerablllty Question Justification
Does a portion of the waler supply in your region Imported supplies (SWP, Colorado River) come
come from snowmelt? from snowmelt.
Does part of your region rely on waler diverted
from the Delta, imported from the Colorado River. Approximately 80% of the Region's supplies are
or imported from other climate-sensitive systems imported.
outside your region?
Does part of your region rely on coastal aquifers? Some brackish groundwater exists near the
Has salt intrusion been a problem in the past? coast which limits the use of coastal aquifers.
Drought management plans had to be put into
Has your region faced a drought in the past effect. Note that the Region has never failed to
during which it failed to meet local water meet its customers' demands since drought
demands? measures were put into place. Development of
additional supplies may reduce the Region's
vulnerability to this issue.
Does your region have invasive species Invasive species include Quagga mussels, management issues at your facilities. along
conveyance structures, or in habitat areas? Arundo, and Tamarisk
Source: RWMG, 2013.
June 2016 6-24
2015 Urban Water Management Plan Water Supply Reliability
Carlsbad Municipal Water District Draft
legal agreements. In addition, flows from SWP may be constrained if a section of the system shuts
down for repair, construction, or other reason. Imported Colorado River supplies are subject to the
Quantification Settlement Agreement (QSA), which may change as a result of legal decisions. However
Colorado River supplies are considered substantially more secure than SWP supplies, and are not
anticipated to be constra ined in this manner. Colorado River supplies are higher in TDS than SWP
water however, affecting SDCWA's blended raw water quality. However, this does not affect CMWD 's
access to SDCWA supplies because CMWD purchases treated water from SDCWA, not raw water.
Drought may also reduce availability of imported water to SDCWA (and subsequently reduce SDCWA
supply availability to CMWD). During recent years, SWP supplies have faced allocations in 2014 and
2015, and are anticipated to experience allocations in 2016. Allocations to SWP supplies are
anticipated as long as the current drought is in effect.
SDCWA has taken steps to diversify its water supply with alternative sources, as described in SDCWA's
2015 UWMP. Such efforts include canal lining and the Carlsbad Desalination Plant (Carlsbad
Desalination Plant). SDCWA's canal lining project provides conserved water by preventing unplanned
loss to incidental recharge. This conserved water is guaranteed for SDCWA under the terms of the
canal lining project. SDCWA also enabled construction of the Carlsbad Desalination Plant by agreeing
to a minimum annual purchase of recycled water from the facility. This increases supply reliability
because it is a drought-proof local supply. SDCWA anticipates that desalinated seawater from the
Carlsbad Desalination Plant will meet approximately 10% of the region's potable water demands.
The reduced availability of any one of SDCWA's supply sources would be buffered because of the
diversity of the supplies; the region 's wholesale supplies are not reliant on a single source. To replace
or supplement an existing supply, SDCWA could take steps to increase development of transfers or
distribution of seawater desalination. SDCWA's 2015 UWMP should be consulted for details regarding
their actions to ensure consistency of the wholesale water supply. While regional efforts to improve
supply diversification, storage, and system redundancy have worked to reduce the impacts such
allocations have on local access to supplies, there is potential that mandatory use restrictions (at a
statewide level ) will be enacted during severe drought. Such restrictions, including those put in place
by the State in 2015, may not affect supply that the region has in storage, but could affect the region's
ability to utilize supplies.
CMWD Local Supply Constraints and Reliability Actions
CMWD's reliance on SDCWA for potable supplies leaves it vulnerable to supply disruptions to SDCWA's
system. As a result, CMWD has taken steps to ensure a more consfstent water supply by expanding its
local supplies. CMWD has two sources of local supply (recycled water and desalinated seawater) and
one potential source of local supply (groundwater).
The only constraints on recycled water are capacity, connectivity, and the associated costs of providing
additional connections. CMWD's Phase Ill Recycled Water Project is currently expanding Its tertiary
recycled water production capacity, as well as expanding CMWD's recycled water distribution system
to reach add itional customers. As part of the NSDWRC, CMWD is participating in a cooperative effort
of ten north San Diego County water and wastewater agencies to maximize recycled water use and
improve interconnectivity between their non-potable water systems. This effort will allow for additional
flexibility in non-potable water system operation and increase recycled water efficiencies. To help
defray the cost of expanding its recycled water services, CMWD has actively pursued additional funding
programs to help cover costs of the Phase Ill Recycled Water Project. As of the end of 2015, CMWD
had received grants from Proposition 84 and Proposition 1, as well as a low-interest loan through the
Clean Water State Revolving Fund.
June 2016
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Table 7-2: Basis of Water Year Data
DWR Table 7-1 Retail: Basis of Water Year Data
Available Supplies if
Year Type Base Year Year Type Repeats
% of Average Supply
Average Year 1986-2015 100%
Single-Ory Year 2014 100%
Multiple-Dry Years 1st Year 2013 100%
Multiple-Ory Years 2nd Year 2014 100%
Multiple-Dry Years 3rd Year 2015 92% -100%
NOTES: CMWD selected base years that aligned with SDCWA's 2015 UWMP supply reliability
assessment. The th ird year of a multiple-dry year scenario may result in deficits that must be
met through extraordinary conservation or further expansion of the recycled water system. In
years with supply reliability, additional purchases would be made from SDCWA to meet
demands. As presented here, '% of Average Supply" indicates percent supply available to meet
potable demands due to diversification and/or carryover storage.
Although Table 7-2 identifies the percentage of available supply to meet demand, supply availability
will vary by source because CMWD's local supplies would not be affected by dry year conditions.
Changes to supply availability cannot be applied equally across each source. Potable and recycled
water demands are both considered in CMWD's supply reliability assessment because recycled water
use offsets potable demands, while shortages in recycled water supplies require supplementation with
potable supplies.
SDCWA's 2015 UWMP projected overall demands would increase over time and across scenarios, with
some variability depending on the time frame and hydrologic scenario. CMWD anticipates that its
demands would generally increase in dry year scenarios consistent with SDCWA's overall demand
increases in corresponding scenarios. Due to uncertainty inherent to projecting demands during dry
hyd rologic conditions, CMWD's demand projections increase over dry year scenarios at a consistent
rate across time frames (2020, 2025, 2030, 2035, and 2040), calculated as the average increase
presented in SDCWA's 2015 UWMP. Table 7--3 identifies how CWMD's demands are projected to
change, as a percent of normal, for different scenarios.
Although demands are projected to increase, SDCWA has the right to purchase additional water from
MWD in years where local supplies are insufficient to meet demands. Per SDCWA's purchase
agreement with MWD, SDCWA has sufficient preferential rights to water from MWD to meet demands
not met by other sources for most scenarios. However, there is a potential shortfall in 2035 and 2040
in the third year of the multiple-dry year scenario. In years where SOCWA shows reliability, CMWD
anticipates being able to purchase enough water from SDCWA to meet potable demands that cannot
be met with desalinated seawater.
June 2016 7-4
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Carlsbad Municipal Water District Draft
Table 7-3: Demand and Supply Assumptions, as Percent of Normal
Source Nonnal Single-Dry Multiple-Dry Water Years
Water Year Water Year Year1 Year2 Year3
Demands
Potable Water 100% 107% 106% 111% 116%
Recycled Water 100% 107% 106% 111% 116%
Total Percent of Normal Demands 107% 106% 111% 116%
Supplies
SDCWA Purchases 100% 108% 103% 105% 107%
Seawater Desalination 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Recycled Water 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Total Percent of Norm al Potable Supplies 107% 106% 111 % Variable
(107%-116%)
Total Percent of Overall Normal Supplies 104% 104% 107% Variable
(104%-111 %)
7 .3 Supply and Demand Assessment
Supply reliability is the abi lity of CMWD to meet its demands. A compa rison of projected supplies
against projected demands helps to identify potential reliability issues during each hydrologic year
scenario identified in Table 7-2. As indicated in Table 7-3, demands will vary depending on the
hydrologic conditions. During dry years, demands are projected to inc_rease to varying degrees based
on the prior year hydrologic conditions. Demand increases are projected consistently for potable and
non-potable demands because they will primarily be driven by irrigation needs. Note that these
demand projections do not assume implementation of CMWD's Drought Response Plan with its
mandatory conservation measures; demands are assumed to increase as climactic conditions get
hotter and drier. However, as demonstrated in 2014 and 2015, implementation of the drought
response stages will significantly reduce water use across CMWD's service area and can be levied as
necessary if a supply shortage is identified.
Supply availabil ity will also vary within each hydrologic scenario, as identified in Table 7-3. CMWD's
loca l supply availability (recycled water and desalinated seawater) will remain consistent with
projected normal year supplies regardless of hydrologic scenario because they are both drought-proof
supplies. Supply from SDCWA will vary depending on SDCWA's supply mix and demands from its
member agencies. CMWD only purchases enough water from SDCWA to meet potable demands that
cannot be met with local supplies. Any increases in potable demand must therefore be met with
increased purchases from SDCWA. Because demands are projected to increase during dry years,
CMWD's purchases from SDCWA would also increase in those years, to the extent available.
CMWD has no long-term potable water storage, and on ly purchases as much potable water as
necessary from SDCWA. As a result, no potable water surpluses are expected during any hydrologic
scenario. As shown in Tables 7-6, 7-8, and 7-10, CMWD does anticipate a surplus in recycled water,
due to the expanded Carlsbad WRF's capacity. CMWD does not anticipate producing recycled water in
excess of demand (unused secondary wastewater is discharged via the ocean outfall). However, the
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additional capacity provides flexibility for CMWD to identify additional recycled water customers or
additional opportunities to sell recycled water to neighboring agencies.
Because CMWD's demand projections in various scenarios are consistent with SDCWA's projections
for member agency demands, and SDCWA has accounted for all member agency local supplies,
SDCWA's supply reliability analys is documents that regional water supplies are generally re liable. For
CM WD, potable supply reliability is assumed for any year in which SDCWA projects sufficient supplies
to meet demands. SDCWA projects a potential shortfall in the third year of a multiple-dry year scenario
for 2035 and 2040, however, which results in a potential potable supply deficit for CMWD. In these
years, CMWD could reduce demands through the use of extraordinary conservation measures as
described In Section 8 Water Shortage Contingency Planning. CMWD may also identify additional
recycled water customers to reduce potable water use through the service area. Table 7-4 summarizes
the potential potable water deficit in this scenario. CMWD has demonstrated its ability to reduce
potable demands in the event of a supply deficit, as shown by its 16% reduction in demands between
2012 (the most recent normal year) and 2015 (third year of a multiple-dry year scenario). The potential
deficit may also spur new connections to recycled water to offset potable demands. No non-potable
water deficits are projected under any scenario.
Table 7-4: Potential Potable Water Deficit in Year 3 of Multiple-Dry Year Scenarios (AFY)
Multiple-Dry Year: Year 3 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Potable Supply 20,924 22,284 22,618 22,125 21 ,128
Potable Demand 20,924 22,284 22,618 22,943 22,970
Potential Deficit 0 0 0 818 1,842
Extraordinary Conservation or 0 0 0 818 1,842 Conversion to Recycled Water
Tota l Potable Demand 20,924 22,284 22,618 22,125 21 ,128
Supply Deficit 0 0 0 0 0
SDCWA's supply reliability analysis is more conservative t l1an CMWD's analysis because it only
included consideration of "verifiable" supplies, which are supplies that are sufficiently under
development to be considered secure. Although CMWD's verifiable local supplies only include a portion
of the Phase Ill Recycled Water Project, CMWD considers the entire recycled water expansion in its
supplies. CMWD considers SDCWA's analysis as representing a "worst case" scenario. The analysis
included here is conservative because it is based on SDCWA's conservative assessment of its available
supplies, and because CMWD anticipates groundwater supplies in the future that have not been
incorporated in this 2015 UWMP.
Table 7-5 shows the projected normal year supplies for CMWD's service area, broken down by supply
source, along with projected normal year demands for corresponding years. Table 7-6 compares the
supply and demands for a normal year. During normal years, CMWD anticipates sufficient supplies to
meet projected demands. The surplus shown in Table 7-6 resu lts from the increased capacity of the
Carlsbad WRF; however, it is anticipated that the Carlsbad WRF would only produce as much tertiary
recycled water as required to meet demands and short-term storage needs. These normal year
projections are consistent with the projections included in Chapter 4 System Demands and Chapter 6
System Supplies.
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Table 7-5: Normal Year Supply and Demand Breakdown (AFY)
Source 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Demands
Potable Demand 18,007 19,177 19,465 19,744 19,768
Non-Potable Demand 5,078 5,078 5,078 5,078 5,078
Total Normal Year Demand 23,085 24,255 24,543 24,822 24,846
Supplies
SDCWA Purchases 15,507 16,677 16,965 17,244 17,268
Seawater Desalination 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
Normal Year Potable Supply 18,007 19,177 19,465 19,744 19,768
Recycled Water 10,519 10,519 10,519 10,706 10,706
Total Normal Year Supply 28 ,526 29,696 29,984 30,450 30 ,474
Note: Surplus is non-potable recycled water capacity at Carlsbad WRF.
Table 7-6: Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison (AFY}
DWR Table 7-2 Retail: Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Supply totals 28,526 29,696 29,984 30,450 30,474
Demand totals 23,085 24,255 24,543 24,822 24,846
Difference 5,44 1 5,441 5,44 1 5,628 5,628
NOTES: Surplus is non-potable recycled water capacity at Carlsbad WRF. There is no surplus or
deficit for potable supplies.
7.3.1 Single-Dry Year
The single-dry year scenario, selected to align with SDCWA's reliability assessment, was determined
to be 2015. SDCWA anticipates that regional demands will increase by approximately 7% in a single-
dry year. CMWD assumes that this demand increase is consistent across the planning horizon.
SDCWA's analysis, which included a conservative consideration of member agency local supplies,
found that there were sufficient supplies to meet projected demands on SDCWA, even in the face of
increased demand during a single-dry year. This increased demand would be met with increased
purchases from MWD. As a result, CMWD has assumed that SDCWA will be able to meet 100% of
CMWD's needs that cannot be met by local supplies as shown in Table 7-7. Similar to the normal year
reliability assessment, the surplus shown in Table 7-8 is recycled water.
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Table 7-7: Single-Ory Year Supply and Demand Breakdown (AFY)
Source 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Demands
Potable Water Demands 19,231 20,481 20,789 21 ,087 21 ,112
Non-Potable Demands 5,423 5,423 5,423 5,423 5,423
Total Single-Dry Year Demand 24,655 25,904 26,212 26,510 26,536
Supplies
SDCWA Purchases 16,731 17,981 18,289 18,587 18,61 2
Seawater Desalination 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
Single-Dry Year Potable Supplies 19,231 20,481 20,789 21,087 21,112
Recycled Water 10,519 10,519 10,519 10,706 10,706
Total Single-Dry Year Supply 29,750 31,000 31 ,308 31,793 31,818
Note: Surplus is non-potable recycled water capacity at Carlsbad WRF.
Table 7-8: Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison {AFY)
DWR Table 7-3 Retail: Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Supply totals 29,750 31,000 31,308 31 ,793 31 ,818
Demand totals 24,655 25,904 26,212 26,510 26,536
Difference 5,096 5,096 5,096 5,283 5,283
NOTES: Surplus is non-potable recycled water capacity at Carlsbad WRF. There is no surplus or deficit for
potable supplies.
7.3.2 Multiple-Dry Year
During a multiple-dry year scenario, the region experiences on-going dry hyd ro logic conditions, such as
in a multi-year drought. SDCWA's 2015 UWMP states that in a multiple-dry year scenario, water from
carryover storage would be used to help address potential supply deficits. Similar to the single-dry year
scenario, demands during a multiple-dry year scenario are projected to increase over normal. In each
year of a multiple-dry year scenario demands are anticipate to increase by approximately 6% (year 1),
11% (year 2}, and 16% (year 3).
SDCWA concludes that there is sufficient local, imported, and carryover storage supplies to meet
demands in each year of a multiple-dry year scenario for 2020 through 2030. However, there is
potential for a deficit in the third year of a multiple-dry year in 2035 and 2040. This deficit is due to
regional demand growth outpacing verifiable supply growth. Any deficit experienced by SDCWA would
result in a deficit in available supplies to its member agencies, including CMWD. While SDCWA's
analysis was conservative, and only includes "verifiable" supplies, CMWD has elected to be consistent
with SDCWA's analysis.
In the third year of a multiple-dry year scenario, SDCWA anticipates extraordinary conservation will be
implemented by its member agencies. As in other hydrologic scenarios for CMWD, surplus would be
realized for non-potable recycled water supplies only. Despite a potential overall surplus, extraordinary
conservation and/or expansion of the recycled water system would be required in the third year of a
multiple-dry year scenario in 2035 and 2040. CMWD projects additional recycled water demands that
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are not captured in the verifiable supplies used for the SDCWA purchase projections; some of the
extraordinary conservation is therefore anticipated to be addressed through planned conversion to
recycled water. As needed, CMWD will implement its Drought Response Plan (refer to Section 8 Water
Shortage Contingency Plan). Additional conversion to recycled water and/or extraordinary
conservation efforts wou ld reduce CMWD's demand (Table 7-9) and supplies would again be sufficient
to meet demands (Table 7-10).
Table 7 -9: Single-Ory Year Supply and Demand Breakdown (AFY)
Source 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Potable Water Demands 19,159 20,404 20,711 21 ,008 21 ,033
Non-Potable Demands 5,403 5,403 5,403 5,403 5,403
Multiple-Dry Year
Total Multiple-Ory Year 1 Demand 24,562 25,807 26,114 26,411 26,436
SDCWA Purchases 16,659 17,904 18,211 18,508 18,533 (First Year}
Seawater Desalination 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
Multiple-Dry Year 1 Potable Supplies 19,159 20,404 20,711 21,008 21,033
Recycled Water 10,519 10,519 10,519 10,706 10,706
Total Multiple-Dry Year 1 Supply 29,678 30,923 31 ,230 31 ,714 31 ,739
Potable Water Demands 20,024 21 ,325 21 ,645 21 ,955 21 ,982
Non-Potable Demands 5,647 5,647 5,647 5,647 5,647
Total Multiple-Dry Year 2 Demand 25,671 26,972 27,292 27,602 27,629
Multiple-Dry Year SDCWA Purchases 17,524 18,825 19,145 19,455 19,482
(Second Year) Seawater Desalination 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
Multiple-Dry Year 2 Potable Supplies 20,024 21,325 21,645 21,955 21,982
Recycled Water 10,519 10,519 10,519 10,706 10,706
Total Multiple-Dry Year 2 Supply 30,543 31 ,844 32,164 32,661 32,688
Potable Water Demands 20,924 22,284 22,618 22,943 22,970
Potable Water Conservation or Shift to 0 0 0 818 1,842 Recycled Water
Multiple-Dry Year 3 Potable Demands 20,924 22,284 22,618 22,125 21 ,128
Non-Potable Demands 5,901 5,901 5,901 5,901 5,901
Multiple-Dry Year Total Multiple-Dry Year 3 Demand 26,825 28,184 28,519 28,025 27,029
(Third Year) SDCWA Purchases 18,424 19,784 20,118 19,625 18,628
Seawater Desalination 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
Multiple-Dry Year 3 Potable Supplies 20,924 22,284 22,618 22,125 21,128
Recycled Water 10,519 10,519 10,519 10,706 10,706
Total Multiple-Dry Year 3 Supply 31,443 32,803 33,137 32,831 31 ,834
Note: Surplus is non-potable recycled water capacity at Carlsbad WRF. There is no surplus or deficit for potable supplies
and demands in the first or second year of a multiple-dry year scenario. Potential deficits in potable supplies in the third
year of a multiple-dry year would be addressed with additional planned supplies (e.g., groundwater), extraordinary
conservation, and/or expansion of recycled water service.
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Table 7-10: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison {AFY)
DWR Table 7-4 Retail: Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison
2020 2025 2030 2035 2040
Supply totals 29,678 30,923 31 ,230 31 ,714 31 ,739
First year Demand totals 24,562 25,807 26,1 14 26,411 26,436
Difference 5,116 5,116 5,116 5,303 5,303
Supply totals 30,543 31 ,844 32,164 32 ,661 32,688
Second year Demand totals 25,671 26,972 27,292 27,602 27,629
Difference 4,872 4,872 4,872 5,059 5,059
Supply totals 31,443 32,803 33,137 32 ,831 31,834
Third year Demand totals 26,825 28,184 28,519 28,843 28,871
Difference 4,618 4,618 4,618 3,988 2,963
NOTES: Surplus is non-potable recycled water capacity at Carlsbad WRF. There is no surplus or deficit for potable
supplies and demands in the first or second year of a multiple-dry year scenario. Potential deficits in potable
supplies in the third year of a multiple-dry year would be addressed with additional planned supplies (e.g.,
groundwater), extraordinary conservation, and/or expansion of recycled water service.
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Table 8-1: CMWD Water Shortage stages
DWR Table 8-1 Retail: Stages of Water Shortage Contingency Plan
Percent
Stage Supply Water Supply Condition
Reductlon1
Level 1 -Drought Watch Condition 0-10% Reasonable probability that supplies will not
meet demands
Level 2 - Drought Watch Condition 11 -20% Supplies will not be able to meet expected
demands
Level 3 -Drought Critical Condition 21-40% Supplies not meeting current demands
Level 4 -Drought Emergency above 40% Major fa ilure of a supply, shortage, or
Condition distribution system
1 One stage in the Water Shortage Contingency Plan must address a water shortage of 50%.
NOTES: A water shortage above 40% (including a 50% shortage) triggers Level 4 restrictions, which includes
prohibition on outdoor water uses, and provides CMWD the authority to make further restrictions, as necessary,
for non-comp liant users, as well as for any CMWD customer should water supp lies require.
Drought Response Level 1-Drought Watch
A Level 1 Drought Watch cond ition may apply when SDCWA notifies its member agencies that a
demand reduction of up to 10% is requ ired to allow for adequate supplies to meet demands.
CMWD's Executive Manager shall declare the existence of Level 1 conditions, and Level 1
conservation practices shall be implemented.
Drought Response Level 2 -Drought Alert
A Level 2 Drought Alert condition may apply when SDCWA notifies its member agencies that a
demand reduction of up to 20% is required due to drought conditions or other reduction in supplies.
The CMWD Board of Directors will declare a Level 2 condition, at which point all water conservation
measures under Level 1 must be adhered to, with the addition of Level 2 water use restrictions.
Drought Response Level 3 -Drought Critical
A Level 3 Drought Critical condition may apply when SDCWA notifies its member agencies that
demand reductions of up to 40% are required due to d rought or other reduction in supplies in order
to have sufficient supplies for anticipated demands. The CMWD Board of Directors wi ll declare a
Level 3 condition, requiring the continuation of conservation measures under Level 1 and Level 2,
and the implementation of Level 3 water use restrictions.
Drought Response Level 4 -Drought Emergency
A Level 4 Drought Emergency condition may apply when SDCWA declares a water shortage
emergency and notifies its member agencies that demand reductions of more than 40% are
required in order to maintain sufficient supplies for anticipated demands. The CMWD Board of
Directors shall declare a Level 4 Drought Emergency in the manner and on the grounds provided in
the California Water Code §350. With the declaration of a Level 4 drought response, all water
conservation measures under Levels 1, 2, and 3 must be adhered to, with the addition of Level 4
mandatory conservation measures.
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8 .1.2 Prohibitions, Consumption Reduction Methods, and Penalties
CMWD's water use restrictions and prohibitions are listed in Table 8-2. The stage in which each
prohibition is implemented and whether a penalty for violation of the prohibition is indicated.
Mandatory and voluntary prohibitions, consumption reduction methods, and penalties are presented
in Tables 8-2, 8-3, and 84, respectively. Methods used to determine actual water use reductions are
described below under Determining Water Use Reductions. The reduction in water use that would occur
from each of the reduction methods has not been quantified, as it varies depending on drought stage,
local hydrology and customer behavior. As specific stages are implemented, CMWD would closely
monitor projected supply availability and demand. Depending on these projections, the methods
presented in Table S..5 would be enacted and enforced to achieve the desired reductions in water
use.
Prohibitions
CMWD prohibits water waste at all times, and increases water use restrictions with each Drought
Response Level in the Drought Ordinance. A description of all prohibition and restrictions under all
levels of drought responses are provided here. As stated above, each response level also includes
the restrictions of all previous levels.
Mandatory Restrictions and Prohibitions in Effect at all Times
The following water waste prohibitions are in effect at all times for CMWD's service area:
• Washing down impervious surfaces with potable water
• Water waste resulting from inefficient landscape irrigation
• Use a hand-held hose with a positive shut-off nozzle or bucket to water landscaped areas
that are not irrigated by a landscape irrigation system
• Use r~irculated water to operate ornamental fountains
• Wash vehicles using a bucket or a hand-held hose with a positive shut-off nozzle or a
mobile high pressure/low volume wash system
• Serve and refill water in restaurants only upon request
• Offer guests in hotels and motels the option of not laundering towels and linens daily
• Use recycled or non-potable water for construction purposes when available
• Single pass-through cooling systems as part of new water service connections will be
prohibited. Non-recirculating systems in all new conveyer car wash and commercial laundry
systems will also be prohibited
• Breaks, leaks, or other malfunctions in water user's plumbing or distribution system
resulting in excess use, loss, or escape of water must be repaired in a timely manner
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Table 8-2: CWMD Water Use Restrictions at Each Drought Response Level
DWR Table 8-2: Retail Only: Restrictions and Prohibitions on End Uses
Penalty,
Stage Rutrlctlon1 and ProhlbltloM on End UHrs Additional Explanation or Refen1nc:e Charge, or
Enforcement?
1 Landscape -Limit landscape irrigation to specific times Irrigate residential and commercial landscape before 10 a.m. and after 6 p.m. No
1 CII -Other CII restricUon or prohibition Irrigate nursery and commercial growe~s products before 1 O a.m. and after 6 No p.m.
1 Other· Customers must repair leaks, breaks, and Repair all water leaks within five days of notlficatJon by CMWD No malfunctions in a timely manner
2 landscape -limit landscape irrigation to specific days Limit residential and commercial landscape irrigation to days assigned by Yes CMWD General Manager
2 Landscape -Other landscape restriction or prohibition limit Irrigation using sprinklers to length of time determined by C MWD Yes General Manager
Water residential and commercial landscaped areas not irrigated by an
2 landscape -Other landscape restriction or prohibition irrigation system by using a bucket, land-held hose with positive shut-off Yes
nozzle, or low-volume non-spray Irrigation
2 Other -Customers must repair leaks, breaks, and Repair all water leaks within seventy-two hours of notification by CMWD Yes malfunctions in a ftmely manner
2 Water Features -Restrict water use for decorative water Stop operating ornamental fountains unless recycled water is used Yes features, such as fountains
3 Landscape -limit landscape lrrigaUon to specific days limit residential and commercial landscape irrigation to days assigned by Yes CMWO General Manager
3 Landscape -Other landscape restriction or prohibition limit irrigation using sprinklers to time limits determined by CMWD General Yes Manager
Water residenbal and commercial landscaped areas not irrigated by an
3 landscape -Other landscape restriction or prohibition Irrigation system by using a bucke~ land-held hose with positive shut-off Yes
nozzle, or low-volume non-spray irrigation
3 Water Features -Restrict water use for decorative water Stop filing or re-filling ornamental lakes or ponds, except to the exlent needed Yes features, such as fountains to sustain aquatic I ife
3 Other -Prohibit vehicle washing except at facilities using Yes recycled or recirculatjng water
3 Other-Customers must repair leaks, breaks, and Repair all water leaks within forty-eight hours of notifica~on by CMWD Yes malfunctions In a tjmely manner
4 Landscape -Prohib~ all landscape irrigation Yes
4 Other· Customers must repair leaks, breaks, and Repair all water leaks within twenty-four hours of notification by CMWD Yes malfunctions in a timely manner
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Drought Response Level 1 -Drought Watch
During Level 1 Drought Watch conditions, CMWD will increase its public education and outreach
efforts to emphasize the need to implement the following conservation practices in addition to the
previous listed measures:
• Irrigate residential and commercial landscape before 10 a.m. and after 6 p.m. only
• Irrigate nursery and commercial grower's products before 10 a.m. and after 6 p.m. only
• Repair all water leaks within five days of notification by CMWD
Drought Response Level 2 -Drought Alert
Under Level 2 Drought Alert conditions all water conservation measures under Level 1 must be
adhered to, with the addition of the following mandatory conservation measures:
• Limit residential and commercial landscape irrigation to specified assigned days per week,
which will be established by CMWD's General Manager
• Limit irrigation using sprinklers to time limits per watering station per assigned day as
established by CMWD 's General Manager
• Water landscaped areas not irrigated by a landscape irrigation system by using a bucket,
hand-held hose with positive shut-off nozzle, or low-volume non-spray irrigation
• All teaks must be repaired within 72 hours of notification by CMWD
• Stop operating ornamental fountains or similar decorative water features unless recycled
water is used
Drought Response Level 3 -Drought Critical
During Level 3 Drought Critical cond itions, conservation measures under Level 1 and Level 2 shall
continue, with the implementation of the following ad ditional mandatory measures:
• Limit landscape irrigation using sprinklers to time limits water station per assigned day as
established by the General Manager
• Water landscaped areas not irrigated by a landscape irrigation system by using a bucket,
hand-held hose with a positive shut-off nozzle, or low-volume non-spray irrigation
• Stop filling or re-fil ling ornamental lakes or ponds, except to the extent needed to sustain
aquatic life
• Stop washing vehicles except at commercial carwashes that re-circulate water, or by high
pressure/low volume wash systems
• Repair all leaks within 48 hours of notification by CMWD
Additionally, under a Level 3 drought response, no new potable water service shall be provided, no
new temporary meters or permanent meters shall be provided, and no statements of immediate
ability to serve or provide potable water service shall be issued, with the exception of the
circumstances listed in the Drought Ordinance. The CMWD Board of Directors will suspend
consideration of annexations to its service area and may establish a water allocation for property
served by CMWD.
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Drought Response Level 4 -Drought Emergency
With the declaration of a Level 4 Drought Emergency, all water conseNation measures under Levels
1, 2, and 3 must be adhered to with the addition of the following mandatory conservation measures:
• Stop all landscape irrigation, except crops and landscape products of commercial growers
and nurseries
• Repair all leaks within 24-hours of notification by CMWD
• CMWD may install a flow restricting device for services of up to one and one-half inch size
and comparatively sized restrictors for larger services upon a prior determination that the
customer has repeatedly violated the provision of Ordinance 44.
Additionally, CMWD may establish a water allocation for property served by CMWD.
Consumption Reduction Measures
CMWD also implements consumption reduction measures to assist customers throughout its
service area in reducing water use. These methods include rebate programs, public information
and education programs and the suspension of additional water connections within its seNice
area. CMWD 's consumption reduction measures are provided in Table 8-3.
Table 8-3: Consumption Reduction Measures Implemented by CMWD
DWR Table 8-3 Retail Only: Stages of WSCP -Consumption Reduction Methods
Stage Consumption Reduction Additional Explanation or Reference Methods by Water Supplier
All Stages Provide Rebates on Plumbing
Fixtures and Devices
All Stages Provide Rebates for Landscape
Irrigation Efficiency
All Stages Provide Rebates for Turf
Replacement
1 Expand Public Information
Campaign
3 Moratorium or Net Zero Demand
Increase on New Connections
3 Other Suspension of consideration of annexations
to CMWD service area
3 Other The Board of Directors may establish a water
allocation for property in served by CMWD
4 Other The Board of Directors may establish a water
allocation for property in served by CMWD
Penalties
When mandatory restrictions are in place, CMWD implements penalties for violations of the restrictions
or proh ibitions described above, as proscribed by The Drought Ordinance and Ordinance No. 46. Each
day that a violation occurs is considered a separate offense and administrative fines may be levied for
each violation. For the first violation, CMWD wi ll verbally notice the fact of the violation. For the second
violation, CMWO will provide a written notice to the customer of the violation. For the third violation,
CMWD may install a flow restricting device of one gallon per minute capacity for services of up to one
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and one-half inch size and comparatively sized restrictions for larger services upon a prior
determination of multiple violations. Additionally, an administrative fine of $100 may be issued for the
third violation. For a fourth violation within a one year period, CMWD may issue a $200 administrative
fine. Additional violations exceeding the fourth violation within a one year period may result in a $500
administrative fine. Table 8-4 indicates the penalties for violation and at what stage they take effect.
Table 8-4: CMWD Penalties for Use Restriction Violations
Penalty Stage Trigger
Warning letter All stages First Violation
Notice of violation All stages Second Violation
Flow restriction installed All stages Third Violation
Third Violation ($100)
Administrative citations All stages Fourth Violation ($200)
Fifth or More Violation ($500)
In lieu of administrative penalties as described above, when deemed appropriate and necessary, each
violation may be prosecuted as a misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment for no more than thirty
days or by a fine not to exceed $1,000, or by both. All customers who incur a penalty due to violation
of the Drought Ordinance and Ordinance No. 46 have the right to appeal the penalty.
8.1.3 Determining Water Use Reductions
Because all water received from SDCWA is metered and monitored, and all CMWD customers are
metered and billed monthly using computerized equipment, data are collected on an on-going basis
that can allow CMWD to determine actual water use reductions. Each customer or customer group can
be eva luated for compliance with conservation requirements. Methods used by CMWD to determine
actual reductions in water use are summarized in Table 8-5.
Table 8-5: Methods for Measuring Water Use Red uctions
Method for
Determining Actual Type and Quality of Data Expected
Reduction
Use normalized or Each customer will be given a schedule of monthly use targets based upon
average water use the required reduction compared to the base period usage. Usage over the
baseline to determine amount allocated for any given month will result in the customer incurring
reductions penalty pricing for usage that month . Usage under that amount will be
accumulated to possible offset over-usage in successive month period.
More frequent review Water production is currently monitored on a real-time basis through
of production CMWD's SCADA system, and reviewed on a daily basis.
More frequent meter Customer meters are read on a monthly basis which would coincide with the
reading at customer monthly allocation periods. Customers are given information on how to read
locations their meter and monitor their own usage.
More frequent leak Leak detection and repair is currently an active and ongoing O&M function,
detection and repair so no major changes would be expected.
The water system is currently audited on a monthly and annual basis,
System audit comparing metered deliveries from the SDCWA to metered deliveries to
retail customers.
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Method for
Determining Actual Type and Quality of Data Expected
Reduction
CMWD has a SCADA system, which contains features to provide real-time
Automated sensors monitoring and alarms communications to on-call operators for identify
abnormalities in reservoir fill rates, draw-down rates, and pump function, and telemetry which can be associated system leaks and other malfunctions that could
result in water loss.
All CMWD actions are monitored and reported in a comprehensive Activities
Monitor utility actions Report provided to the Board of Directors on an annual basis. Other types of
staff reports on CMWD activities are given at the two regular Board Meeting
each month or on as needed basis by the Executive Manager.
If and when penalty pricing were implemented, the amount and frequency of
Penalties for penalties would be monitored by the City of Carlsbad's computerized billing
customers system and then reported to the management staff and to the Board of
Directors on a monthly basis.
8 .2 Description of Revenue and Expenditure Impacts
In the event of a water emergency, the Drought Ordinance and Ordinance No. 46 would be activated
to respond to the level of shortage. At that time, drought response stage actions would go into effect,
and CMWD's revenue is anticipated to decrease due to reduced water sales. The amount of decreased
revenue would depend upon the response stage, and how long each stage is in effect In the event that
revenues are less than required to meet CMWD's financial obligations as a result of a water shortage,
the CMWD would draw from its operating reserves and then propose increasing water rates to
appropriate levels for the Board's consideration. The operating reserves are maintained at adequate
levels to provide short-term operating capital in case of emergencies as well as provide for rate
stabilization. Tables 8-6 and 8-7 present how different actions and conditions impact revenues and
expenditures, as well as provides a summary of potential actions that could be taken to address these
impacts.
Table 8-6: Impacts to Revenues and Methods to Address Impact
Potential Impacts to Revenues
Action Anticipated Revenue Impact
Rate No impact. This would be an administrative function to analyze rate structure options to
adjustment offset potential losses in revenue associated with reduced sales.
Change in Reduction in revenue expenses and associated reduction in quantity charge-based
quantity of revenues generated to cover local O&M costs. Could be offset by a combination of
sales budget reductions, expense deferrals, including some non-critical CIP projects, draws
on rate stabilization and operating reserves, and rate adjustments.
Potential Solutions for Revenue Decreases
Action Anticipated Effects
Reserve This option would have no short-term impact on the rate payers or CMWD because
Fund there are currently sufficient funds in CMWD's operating reserves.
Change rate Minimal changes in rates could offset significant reductions in available water supplies.
structure
Reduce Overhead , or local fixed O&M costs, can be reduced in th e short and mid-term by
overhead deferring selected cash-funded CIP and major maintenance projects, other expenditure
reductions and if needed, hiring freezes.
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Decrease Deferral of selected, non-critical replacement projects will have little or no impact on
capital CMWD or its customers, and would on ly extend the duration of the master planned
expenditures replacement schedule.
Infrastructure for new development is funded by new development and progresses at
the rate needed by new development projects.
Revise If supply reduction were long-term, CMWD would make commensurate adjustments to
planning its CIP schedule, staffing levels and retail rate structures based upon lower retail sales.
estimates Impacts would be moderate and implemented over time.
Table 8-7: Impacts to Expenditures and Methods to Address Impacts
Potential Impacts to Expenditures
Actions Potential Impacts
Change in quantity of Sales reductions could be offset with rate and budget adjustments and
sales moderate CIP deferrals.
Increased No impacts. Existing staff would be re-assigned to perform functions
staff/salaries/overtime required to implement and enforce consumption reduction methods and
requirements.
Increased costs of new SDCWA would secure new supplies whose cost would be melded into
supplies, transfers or overall costs. Increased costs of wholesale water would be passed through
exchanges to CMWD's customers.
Potential Solutions for Expenditure Impacts
Action Anticipated Effects
Reserve Fund No impacts. The Replacement Fund is sufficient, and exists for the very
purposes anticipated in a supply shortage scenario.
Change rate structure Given the mix of wholesale water and power expenditures, non-commodity
revenues needed to cover local fixed costs, availability of reserves and the
flexibility to adjust CIP expenditures, no short-term (1 to 2 year) impacts
are anticipated, mid-term (3 years) impacts would be moderate, and long-
term (beyond 3 years) impacts would be moderate and incremental.
Reduce overhead In the short-term and mid-term, overhead or local costs can be reduced by
deferring non-critical CIP and major maintenance expenditures. In the long-
term, costs can be reduced by adjusting operational and staffing levels and
retail water rate structures to incorporate the reality of lower retail water
sales than previously anticipated.
Decrease capital In the short-term, there could be a decrease in the level of expenditures for
expenditures CMWD's replacement program, or an interruption of expenditures. In the
mid-to long-term, the retail rate structure and the prioritization schedule
would be adjusted to ensure that projects critica l to service and system
reliability were implemented .
Revise planning If the reduced supply is determined to be a long-term condition, then
estimates commensurate adjustments would be incorporated into long-term staffing
and water system facility requirements.
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Table 8-8: Minimum Potable Water Supply for 2016-2018 (AFY)
DWR Table 8-4 Retail: Minimum Supply Next Three Years
2016 2017 2018
Available Water Supply 15,71 4 17,338 19,042
Notes: Assumes 2016, 2017, and 2018 are multiple-dry years 1, 2, and 3, with demand
increasing over normal by 6%, 11 %, and 16%, respectively. Normal year demands are
assumed as a straight line projection between 2015 and 2020 to establish normal year
demands for 2016, 2017, and 2017.
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Table 9-2: 2015 Residential Customer Billing Rates for Potable Water
Tier Block Structure Cost per Unit1
Single Family and Master-Metered2
Tier 1 0-10 units $3.35/unit
Tier2 11-18 units $4.45/unit
Tier 3 19 units and above $6.42/unit
Multiple Family2
Tier 1 0 -5 units $3.35/unit
Tier 2 6-10 units $4.45/unit
Tier 3 11 units and above $6.42/un it
1 One water unit is 100 cubic feet or 7 48 gallons
2 Tiers are based on water use per dwelling unit. as measured in
units of water consumed
Table 9-3: 2015 Commercial Customer Billing Rates for Potable Water
Tier Cost per Unlt1
Agricultural rate $4.15/unit
Irrigation rate $4.44/unit
Commercial rate $6.42/unit
1 One water unit Is 100 cubic feet or 7 48 gallons
9.1.4 Public Education and Outreach
CMWD implements multiple approaches to public education and outreach on a variety of projects,
initiatives, and goals. These approaches use outreach, workshops, school education programs. and
provision of resources for CMWD customers. Many of CMWD 's efforts are implemented in coordination
with other agencies and through regional efforts. Between 2010 and 2014, CMWD has dedicated over
$3.6 million to support public education and outreach efforts.
Outreach Activities
CWMD staffs a water conservation booth dedicated to promoting water conservation at several events
throughout the year. Displayed are handouts containing indoor and outdoor water saving information
and conservation tools as free giveaways
In order to reach a wide range of audiences, CMWD also makes brochures and handouts available at
various community centers and City of Carlsbad and CMWD offices. Bill inserts are included with utility
bills to announce available programs and important water conservation reminders. CMWD has
consistently reached out to customers on at least a quarterly basis using various methods every
quarter within the last five years. In coordination with SDCWA, CMWD promotes opportunities for
residents to participate fn regiona l programs such as Green Oceanside Business Network certification,
California -Friend ly landscape contest, Speaker Bureaus, and Citizens Water Academy. As a member
of the NSDWRC, CMWD participates in outreach efforts educating the public on recycled water and
potable reuse safety and use, and the importance of potable water conservation to the region.
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Workshops
Draft
In coordination with SDCWA, CMWD provides workshops on water related themes geared to the
residential user. Workshop topics presented in the past include California Friendly Landscape Training
and Fix-a-Leak. Workshops are offered for free and held at different locations through the county,
including within CMWD's service area.
School Education
CMWD offers two school education programs for local schools as well as education materials to
teachers upon request through SDCWA. The Splash Lab offers assembly presentations available to
grades K -6°' to educate students on water science. For Grades 4 -6, students can participate in a
mobile water lab for a hands-on experience learning water related topics.
Residential Customer Resources
In coordination with MWD 's SoCal Water$mart program and SDCWA's WaterSmart San Diego County
program, rebates are available to CMWD customers to promote indoor and outdoor water
conservation. One popu lar program that exhausted funds in 2015 was the turf removal rebate program
designed to encourage the replacement of water thirsty turf for drought tolerant plants. These
programs are advertised and lin ked to on CMWD's water conservation website. Through SDCWA's turf
replacement rebate program, CMWD customers have converted 24,258 square feet of turf to water-
wise landscaping, as of June 2015. Additional funds were recently secured by SDCWA to continue its
turf conversion rebates, and it is anticipated that CMWD customers will continue to participate in turf
conversions through this program.
Table 9-4 provides a list of all rebates ava ilable and their associated rebate amounts.
Table 9-4 Residential Water Conservation Rebate
Rebate Program Name Rebate Amount
Indoor Rebates
Turf remova l rebate $2/sq ft up to $6,000
Clothes washer rebate $135
HE toilets $100
Outdoor Rebates
Turf removal rebate $2/sq ft up to $6,000
Irrigation controllers $80
Irrigation nozzles $4/nozzle -minimum is 15
Rain barrels $75
Soil moistu re sensors $35/controller station
Commercial Cu omer Resources
In coordination with MWD's SoCal Water$mart Program and SDCWA's WaterSmart San Diego County
program, CMWD provides information on available rebates for CMWD's commercial customers that
promote water efficiency for businesses. Table 9-5 displays the rebates and their associated amounts
available to commercial customers that were available in recent years.
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Table 9--5 Commercial Water Conservation Rebates
Rebate Name Rebate Amount
Indoor Fixtures
HE toilet $100 or $145 (for more efficient 4-liter)
Flush meters $100
UL Urinal $200
Zero Waler urinal $200
Flow valve restrictions $5/valve
Outdoor Fixtures
Turf removal $2/sq ft up to $6,000
Irrigation controllers $35/controller station
Irrigation heads $4/nozzle
Flow regu lators $1
Soil moisture sensors $35/station
Restaurant Fixtures
Connectionless food steamers $485
Air-cooled ice machines $1 ,000
Commercial/Industrial
Cooling tower conductivity controllers $625
Cooling tower pH controllers $1 ,750
Dry vacuum pump $125
Laminar flow restrictors $10/restrictor
Large Landscape Water Audits
Dedicated Large Landscape customers are offered water audits to provide suggestions on improving
water efficiency and to qualify for water conservation rebates. In the past five years, approximately
twelve water audits have been performed by CMWD staff and an independent contractor.
WaterSmart Check-up Program
CMWD has and will continue to offer the WaterSmart Check-up Program, in coordination with SDCWA,
to top water users each month. During a WaterSmart check-up, a representative visits a property upon
request to provide water saving tips and perform a water audit. This audit includes an inventory of
water fixtures used indoors and outdoors, replacement of high use water fixtures, evaluating toilets
for leaks, and performing a landscape water audit. During the water audit, sprinkler stations are turned
on to evaluate inefficiencies and adjustments to watering schedules are made where appropriate. A
summary report with additional conservation advertising is left with the customer at the end of the
appointment.
9.1.5 Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss
CMWD has completed the AWWA Water Loss Audit Software program and has determined that water
losses are within the acceptable Industry standard range. Water losses have been incorporated into
the appropriate tables in Section 4 System Use. CMWD is proactive in reducing unaccounted for water
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by ensuring water meters are regularly maintained, evaluated forfunctionality, and replaced well with in
industry standards.
Reported leaks are investigated and recorded in a tracking database that collects the time of report,
leak location, and type of leaking pipe or fitting. Leaks are repaired to the extent that is cost effective
and prioritized based on potential water loss.
9.1.6 Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support
Water conservation staffing is performed by a full time (1 FTE) Water Conservation Specialist and a
Supervisor at 25% time. The Water Conservation Specialist is responsible for developing,
implementing, and monitoring water conservation programs and for conducting water audits. They are
also responsible for promoting CMWD's conservation programs.
9.2 OMM Activity
CMWO is a signatory of the California Urban Water Conservation Council (CUWCC) and is in full
compliance with the Memorandum of Understand. CMWD's CUWCC reports for 2013 and 2014 are
included in Appendix J for further details of compliance status. A summary of the extent of the BMPs
implemented by CMWD from 2010 through 2014, along with a summary of continued and planned
BMPs, is presented in Table 9-6, organized by CUWCC Best Management Practice (BMP).
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Table 9-6: Extent of CWMD's DMMs, as Reported to CUWCC
BMP 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Planned Future
(2016-2020)
1.1 Operation Ordinance 44 : Ordinance 44 ;
-Ordinance 45; Ordinance 44 Ordinance 44 Ordinance 44 Pr11ctlces Ordinance 45 2010 UWMP
Continue to repair leaks In a
88 Leaks 159 Leaks timely manner. A noise
1.2 Water Not Quantified Not Quantified Not Quantified repaired; 14 AF repaired; 30 AF detection system w111 be
Loss Control evaluated for implementation saved saved or zone metering may be
utilized.
All accounts will continue to
1.3 Metering All accounts All accounts All accounts All accounts All accounts be metered. Advanced
with metered metered metered metered metered metering will begin
Commodity implementation in select
areas.
1.4 Retail Tiered rates in Tiered rates in Tiered rates in Tiered rates In Tiered rates in Tiered rates will remain In
Conservation place for all place for all place for all place for all place for all place for all residential
Pricing residential residential residential residential residential customers
customers customers customers customers customers
2,517 contacts 194,187 lndlvldual 265,744 individual 94,450 430,500 Outreach efforts will continue
with the public; outreach points of outreach points of individual Individual to be implemented using
15 contacts with contact; 27 news contact: outreach points outreach points similar mechanisms. CMWD
2.1 Public the media; 9 releases: Additional rebate of contact; 55 of contact; 50 may implement additional
Outreach types of contact: Additional rebate and outreach news releases; news releases; outreach efforts as
Additional and outreach programs with Additional 3WaterTalk opportunities arise and need
outreach programs with partners outreach Forums is determined.
programs partners programs
2.2 School $4,700 spent in-Over $451 ,000 Over $337,000 Over $89,600 Over $66,800 Annual funds will continue to
Education house on school spent on school spent on school spent on school spent on school be allocated to school
Programs education education education education education education programs to the
programs1 programs programs programs programs extent budget is available.
1 In 2010, only CMWD's in·house costs were reported for School Education Programs, and does not reflect the lull value and costs or the program for that year.
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9.3 Future DMM Implementation
CMWD plans to continue to provide information about the available array of educational and rebate
programs, as funds are available to sustain the programs. The popularity of the Turf Removal Rebate
displays a need and desire for residential customers wanting a more permeant option to manage
outdoor water use and it is expected that this program will be marketed heavily in the next few years
as funding is made available by SDCWA. Although all fixtures for indoor conservation that are now
available to California customers are water efficient. CMWD still sees their rebate program as a way to
continue to encourage additional conservation through high efficiency devices.
In the next few years, CMWD will be undertaking two large projects to help reduce system losses:
1. Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI ) -AMI is being installed currently on the commercial
industrial customers. The AM I program will allow CMWD and customers additional monitoring
capabilities showing real time water use.
2. Leak Detection -In the next five years, CMWD will be exploring the best leak detection
solutions available for use. CMWD will evaluate the use of noise sensors with fixed listening
devices and also roving leak detection equipment and decide which method would be best
to implement.
As demonstrated in Section 5 Baseline and Targets, CMWD's 2015 GPCD Is well within its 2015 target,
and is anticipated to remain within its S8x7-7 target for 2020. These savings have been achieved in
part to implementation of the DMMs described in this section, and CMWD is committed to continued
demand management through ongoing permanent savings (e.g., from landscape conversions), water
waste prohibition and waste prevention ordinances, expansion of recycled water service, and other
conservation efforts.
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10.2 Plan Adoption and Submittal Process
CMWD's Board of Directors will hold a public hearing to receive public comments on the UWMP.
immediately prior to adoption of the UWMP. Following the public hearing on the document, this Plan
will be considered for adoption by the Board of Directors on June 14, 2016. A copy of the adoption
resolution is provided in Appendix B.
The 2015 UWMP will be submitted to DWR, the California State Library, and San Diego County
within 30 days after adoption, prior to the CWC's deadline of July 1, 2016. Submitted items include
an electronic copy of the 2015 UWMP, along with copies of the required tables submitted through
the WUE data on line submittal tool to DWR, and a CD with an electronic copy to the California State
Library, in accordance with the requirements in the 2015 Guidebook. The 2015 UMWP will be
available for public review on the City of Carlsbad's website within 30 days of filing a copy with DWR,
or by July 30, 2016.
10.3 Plan Implementation
All data used in development of this UWMP is the most current data available, and unless otherwise
noted includes data for the calendar year. CMWD shall implement the adopted 2015 UWMP in
accordance with the schedule described in this Plan. Any amendments made to this Plan will require
completion of the same series of notification, public hearing, adoption, and submittals as required In
submittal of this original 2015 UWMP.
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Section 6 System Supplles
California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Diego Region (RWQCB). 2001. Leucadia County
Water District Forest R. Gafner Water Reclamation Plant San Diego County (Addendum No. 1 to Oder
No. 93-41). October.
Carlsbad Municipal Water District (CMWD). 2012. Water Master Plan. April.
Carlsbad Municipal Water District (CMWD). 2004. Engineering Standards -Volume 2: Potable and
Recycled Water, 2004 Edition.
Encina Wastewater Authority (EWA). 2015. Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, Year Ended June
30, 2015.
Metropolrtan Water District of Southem California (MWD). 2016. 2015 Regional Urban Water
Management Plan.
San Diego County Water Authority (SDCWA). 2010. Salinity/Nutrient Management Planning in the San
Diego Region (9). September 1.
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